Ecohydrology of adjacent sagebrush and lodgepole pine ecosystems: the consequences of climate change and disturbance

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bradford, John B.; Schlaepfer, Daniel R.; Lauenroth, William K.

2014-01-01

Sagebrush steppe and lodgepole pine forests are two of the most widespread vegetation types in the western United States and they play crucial roles in the hydrologic cycle of these water-limited regions. We used a process-based ecosystem water model to characterize the potential impact of climate change and disturbance (wildfire and beetle mortality) on water cycling in adjacent sagebrush and lodgepole pine ecosystems. Despite similar climatic and topographic conditions between these ecosystems at the sites examined, lodgepole pine, and sagebrush exhibited consistent differences in water balance, notably more evaporation and drier summer soils in the sagebrush and greater transpiration and less water yield in lodgepole pine. Canopy disturbances (either fire or beetle) have dramatic impacts on water balance and availability: reducing transpiration while increasing evaporation and water yield. Results suggest that climate change may reduce snowpack, increase evaporation and transpiration, and lengthen the duration of dry soil conditions in the summer, but may have uncertain effects on drainage. Changes in the distribution of sagebrush and lodgepole pine ecosystems as a consequence of climate change and/or altered disturbance regimes will likely alter ecosystem water balance.

The Influence of Land Subsidence, Quarrying, Drainage, Irrigation and Forest Fire on Groundwater Resources and Biodiversity Along the Southern Po Plain Coastal Zone (Italy)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antonellini, M. A.; Mollema, P. N.

2014-12-01

The coastal zone of the southern Po plain is characterized by low lying land, which is reclaimed to permit settlements and agriculture. The history, tourism resorts and peculiar coastal environments make this territory attractive and valuable. Natural and fluid-extraction-induced land subsidence along with coastal erosion are major problems. Touristic development has strongly modified the landscape; coastal dunes have been in part removed to make room for hotels and quarrying has caused the formation of gravel pit lakes close to the shoreline. Protected natural areas include a belt of coastal dunes, wetlands, and the internal historical forests of San Vitale and Classe. The dunes have largely lost their original vegetation ecosystem, because years ago they have been colonized with pine trees to protect the adjacent farmland from sea spray. These pine forests are currently a fire hazard. Land reclamation drainage keeps the water table artificially low. Results of these anthropogenic disturbances on the hydrology include a decrease in infiltration rates, loss of freshwater surface bodies, encroachment of saltwater inland from the river estuaries, salinization of the aquifer, wetlands and soil with a loss in plant and aquatic species biodiversity. Feedback mechanisms are complex: as land subsidence continues, drainage increases at the same pace promoting sea-water intrusion. The salinity of the groundwater does not allow for plant species richness nor for the survival of large pine trees. Farmland irrigation and fires in the pine forests, on the other hand, allow for increased infiltration and freshening of the aquifer and at the same time promote plant species diversity. Our work shows that the characteristics of the southern Po coastal zone require integrated management of economic activities, natural areas, and resources. This approach is different from the ad hoc measures taken so far, because it requires long term planning and setting a priority of objectives.

Secondary forest succession following reproduction cutting on the Upper Coastal Plain of southeastern Arkansas, USA

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; Michael G. Shelton

2001-01-01

To contribute to an understanding of forest management on secondary forest succession, we conducted vegetation surveys in a chronosequence of pine stands ranging in age from 1 to 59 years. Adjacent areas were compared at 1, 7, 12, and 17 years following two reproduction cutting methods (clearcuts or pine seed-tree cuts); a 59-year-old pine stand that...

Genetic introgression and species boundary of two geographically overlapping pine species revealed by molecular markers.

PubMed

Zhang, Defang; Xia, Tao; Yan, Maomao; Dai, Xiaogang; Xu, Jin; Li, Shuxian; Yin, Tongming

2014-01-01

Gene introgression and hybrid barriers have long been a major focus of studies of geographically overlapping species. Two pine species, Pinus massoniana and P. hwangshanensis, are frequently observed growing adjacent to each other, where they overlap in a narrow hybrid zone. As a consequence, these species constitute an ideal system for studying genetic introgression and reproductive barriers between naturally hybridizing, adjacently distributed species. In this study, we sampled 270 pine trees along an elevation gradient in Anhui Province, China and analyzed these samples using EST-SSR markers. The molecular data revealed that direct gene flow between the two species was fairly low, and that the majority of gene introgression was intermediated by backcrossing. On the basis of empirical observation, the on-site distribution of pines was divided into a P. massoniana zone, a hybrid zone, and a P. hwangshanensis zone. STRUCTURE analysis revealed the existence of a distinct species boundary between the two pine species. The genetic boundary of the hybrid zone, on the other hand, was indistinct owing to intensive backcrossing with parental species. Compared with P. massoniana, P. hwangshanensis was found to backcross with the hybrids more intensively, consistent with the observation that morphological and anatomical characteristics of trees in the contact zone were biased towards P. hwangshanensis. The introgression ability of amplified alleles varied across species, with some being completely blocked from interspecific introgression. Our study has provided a living example to help explain the persistence of adjacently distributed species coexisting with their interfertile hybrids.

Restoration planting options for limber pines in Colorado and Wyoming

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2011-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pineʼs critical role in these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating these impacts. To develop forest-scale planting methods, six limber pine seedling...

Restoration planting options for limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) in the Southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

A. M. A. Casper; W. R. Jacobi; Anna Schoettle; K. S. Burns

2016-01-01

Limber pine Pinus flexilis James populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. To develop restoration planting methods, six P. flexilis seedling planting trial sites were installed along a geographic gradient from southern Wyoming to southern Colorado. Experimental...

Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on longleaf pine growth and understory plant cover

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2013-01-01

To determine if either herbaceous or woody plants are more competitive with longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) trees, four vegetation management treatments— check, herbaceous plant control (HPC), woody plant control (WPC), and HPC+WPC—were applied in newly established longleaf pine plantings in a randomized complete block design in two studies....

Effects of clearcutting with corridor retention on abundance, richness, and diversity of small mammals in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA.

Treesearch

Nicole L. Constantine; Tyler A. Campbell; William M. Baughman; Timothy B. Harrington; Brian R. Chapman; Karl V. Miller

2004-01-01

We studied six pine plantations in coastal South Carolina to determine the influence of clearcutting with corridor retention on small mammal abundance, richness, and diversity. Small mammals were live-trapped in recently clearcut stands that retained pine corridors 100 m in width and in adjacent pine plantations, 20--23-years-old. We compared small mammal communities...

The growth of pines germinated from woodchip mulch in restored soils from semiarid SE Spain quarries is enhanced by organic amendments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luna Ramos, Lourdes; Miralles, Isabel; Lázaro-Suau, Roberto; Solé-Benet, Albert

2017-04-01

The use of pine woodchips in soil restoration in calcareous quarries is a relatively low-cost mulching technique to improve soil water conservation and decrease soil erosion, contributing to improve soil quality. Besides these two important effects, woodchip mulch is also a potential source of seeds which can germinate if environmental conditions during earlier stages are adequate. Pine germination has been observed in experimental plots treated with pine woodchips used as mulch in one of the driest regions in Europe (SE Spain). This side-effect provided an interesting opportunity to analyse the influence of topsoil and two organic wastes (compost from domestic organic waste and sewage sludge from urban water treatment plant) in mine soils on the germinated pines (Pinus halepensis Mill.) and the plant cover (revegetated native plants and spontaneous vegetation). Number, height and basal diameter of pines and the total plant cover were measured 6 years after the applications of topsoil and organic amendments. Results showed that organic wastes increased the pine growth and the total plant cover which could favour in turn the physico-chemical soil properties and its quality in the medium-long term. However, organic amendments negatively influencing the number of germinated pines. The likely growth of pine seedlings derived from the pine cones which come with pine woodchips used as mulch, when enhanced by organic amendments, adds a positive value in quarry restoration even under very dry climatic conditions. However, it is necessary to continue monitoring the development of vegetation to form a more precise idea about whether the development of the pines is globally beneficial, since the pines could outcompete the local native plants.

Low offspring survival in mountain pine beetle infesting the resistant Great Basin bristlecone pine supports the preference-performance hypothesis.

PubMed

Eidson, Erika L; Mock, Karen E; Bentz, Barbara J

2018-01-01

The preference-performance hypothesis states that ovipositing phytophagous insects will select host plants that are well-suited for their offspring and avoid host plants that do not support offspring performance (survival, development and fitness). The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), a native insect herbivore in western North America, can successfully attack and reproduce in most species of Pinus throughout its native range. However, mountain pine beetles avoid attacking Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), despite recent climate-driven increases in mountain pine beetle populations at the high elevations where Great Basin bristlecone pine grows. Low preference for a potential host plant species may not persist if the plant supports favorable insect offspring performance, and Great Basin bristlecone pine suitability for mountain pine beetle offspring performance is unclear. We infested cut bolts of Great Basin bristlecone pine and two susceptible host tree species, limber (P. flexilis) and lodgepole (P. contorta) pines with adult mountain pine beetles and compared offspring performance. To investigate the potential for variation in offspring performance among mountain pine beetles from different areas, we tested beetles from geographically-separated populations within and outside the current range of Great Basin bristlecone pine. Although mountain pine beetles constructed galleries and laid viable eggs in all three tree species, extremely few offspring emerged from Great Basin bristlecone pine, regardless of the beetle population. Our observed low offspring performance in Great Basin bristlecone pine corresponds with previously documented low mountain pine beetle attack preference. A low preference-low performance relationship suggests that Great Basin bristlecone pine resistance to mountain pine beetle is likely to be retained through climate-driven high-elevation mountain pine beetle outbreaks.

Low offspring survival in mountain pine beetle infesting the resistant Great Basin bristlecone pine supports the preference-performance hypothesis

PubMed Central

Mock, Karen E.; Bentz, Barbara J.

2018-01-01

The preference-performance hypothesis states that ovipositing phytophagous insects will select host plants that are well-suited for their offspring and avoid host plants that do not support offspring performance (survival, development and fitness). The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), a native insect herbivore in western North America, can successfully attack and reproduce in most species of Pinus throughout its native range. However, mountain pine beetles avoid attacking Great Basin bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva), despite recent climate-driven increases in mountain pine beetle populations at the high elevations where Great Basin bristlecone pine grows. Low preference for a potential host plant species may not persist if the plant supports favorable insect offspring performance, and Great Basin bristlecone pine suitability for mountain pine beetle offspring performance is unclear. We infested cut bolts of Great Basin bristlecone pine and two susceptible host tree species, limber (P. flexilis) and lodgepole (P. contorta) pines with adult mountain pine beetles and compared offspring performance. To investigate the potential for variation in offspring performance among mountain pine beetles from different areas, we tested beetles from geographically-separated populations within and outside the current range of Great Basin bristlecone pine. Although mountain pine beetles constructed galleries and laid viable eggs in all three tree species, extremely few offspring emerged from Great Basin bristlecone pine, regardless of the beetle population. Our observed low offspring performance in Great Basin bristlecone pine corresponds with previously documented low mountain pine beetle attack preference. A low preference-low performance relationship suggests that Great Basin bristlecone pine resistance to mountain pine beetle is likely to be retained through climate-driven high-elevation mountain pine beetle outbreaks. PMID:29715269

Eleventh-year results of fertilization, herbaceous, and woody plant control in a loblolly pine plantation

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Allan E. Tiarks

1990-01-01

Through 11 years, fertilization at planting significantly increased the stemwood volume (outside bark) per loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) on an intensively prepared moderately well-drained fine sandy loam site in northern Louisiana. Four years of herbaceous plant control significantly increased pine survival, and because herbaceous plant control...

Mammal caching of oak acorns in a red pine and a mixed oak stand

Treesearch

E.R. Thorn; W.M. Tzilkowski

1991-01-01

Small mammal caching of oak (Quercus spp.) acorns in adjacent red pine (Pinus resinosa) and mixed-oak stands was investigated at The Penn State Experimental Forest, Huntingdon Co., Pennsylvania. Gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis) and mice (Peromyscus spp.) were the most common acorn-caching...

Plant litter chemistry alters the content and composition of organic carbon associated with soil mineral and aggregate fractions in invaded ecosystems.

PubMed

Tamura, Mioko; Suseela, Vidya; Simpson, Myrna; Powell, Brian; Tharayil, Nishanth

2017-10-01

Through the input of disproportionate quantities of chemically distinct litter, invasive plants may potentially influence the fate of organic matter associated with soil mineral and aggregate fractions in some of the ecosystems they invade. Although context dependent, these native ecosystems subjected to prolonged invasion by exotic plants may be instrumental in distinguishing the role of plant-microbe-mineral interactions from the broader edaphic and climatic influences on the formation of soil organic matter (SOM). We hypothesized that the soils subjected to prolonged invasion by an exotic plant that input recalcitrant litter (Japanese knotweed, Polygonum cuspidatum) would have a greater proportion of plant-derived carbon (C) in the aggregate fractions, as compared with that in adjacent soil inhabited by native vegetation that input labile litter, whereas the soils under an invader that input labile litter (kudzu, Pueraria lobata) would have a greater proportion of microbial-derived C in the silt-clay fraction, as compared with that in adjacent soils that receive recalcitrant litter. At the knotweed site, the higher C content in soils under P. cuspidatum, compared with noninvaded soils inhabited by grasses and forbs, was limited to the macroaggregate fraction, which was abundant in plant biomarkers. The noninvaded soils at this site had a higher abundance of lignins in mineral and microaggregate fractions and suberin in the macroaggregate fraction, partly because of the greater root density of the native species, which might have had an overriding influence on the chemistry of the above-ground litter input. At the kudzu site, soils under P. lobata had lower C content across all size fractions at a 0-5 cm soil depth despite receiving similar amounts of Pinus litter. Contrary to our prediction, the noninvaded soils receiving recalcitrant Pinus litter had a similar abundance of plant biomarkers across both mineral and aggregate fractions, potentially because of the higher surface area of soil minerals at this site. The plant biomarkers were lower in the aggregate fractions of the P. lobata-invaded soils, compared with noninvaded pine stands, potentially suggesting a microbial co-metabolism of pine-derived compounds. These results highlight the complex interactions among litter chemistry, soil biota, and minerals in mediating soil C storage in unmanaged ecosystems; these interactions are particularly important under global changes that may alter plant species composition and hence the quantity and chemistry of litter inputs in terrestrial ecosystems. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Plant Communities in Selected Longleaf Pine Landscapes on the Catahoula Ranger District, Kisatchie National Forest, Louisiana

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; William D. Boyer; Finis L. Harris

1998-01-01

In Grant Parish, Louisiana, increases in overstory basal area, canopy cover, and development of understory woody plants reduced productivity of herbaceous plants in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) stands that were managed with fire. Still, the herbaceous plant community can reestablish itself on properly managed upland longleaf pine sites in...

Planting Loblolly Pine for Erosion Control in Northern Mississippi

Treesearch

Stanley J. Ursic

1963-01-01

Loblolly pine is widely planted for soil stabilization and the rehabilitation of denuded, actively eroding uplands of the upper Gulf Coastal Plain in north Mississippi and west Tennessee. This paper presents methods and specifications that recent research has developed for such planting. It supplements information found in Wakeley’s Planting the Southern Pines and...

Susceptibility of parent and interspecific Fl hybrid pine trees to tip moth damage in a coastal North Carolina planting

Treesearch

Maxine T. Highsmith; John Frampton; David 0' Malley; James Richmond; Martesa Webb

2001-01-01

Tip moth damage arnong families of parent pine species and their interspecific F1 hybrids was quantitatively assessed in a coastal planting in North Carolina. Three slash pine (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti Engelm.), two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), and four interspecific F1 hybrid pine families were used. The...

Pine straw harvesting, fire, and fertilization affect understory vegetation within a Louisiana longleaf pine stand

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2012-01-01

Pine straw harvesting can provide an economic benefit to landowners, but the practice may also change the composition of plant communities. This research was initiated in a 34-year-old stand of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) established in 1956 to study how pine straw management practices (fertilization, prescribed fire, and straw harvesting) affected plant...

Avoid planting Scotch pine near dwarf mistletoe-infected California pines

Treesearch

Robert F. Scharpf; Arthur H. McCain

1988-01-01

Eight-year-old Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris) were severely infected by dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium occidentale) when planted near infected Digger pine (P. sabiniana) in the foothills of the northern Sierra Nevada, in California. But 6-year-old knobcone x Monterey (P. attenuata x P....

Guidelines for whitebark pine planting prescriptions

Treesearch

Glenda L. Scott; Ward W. McCaughey; Kay Izlar

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a keystone species in high-elevation ecosystems of the western United States. Unfortunately many fragile subalpine ecosystems are losing whitebark pine as a functional community component due to the combined effects of an introduced disease, insects and succession. Planting whitebark pine is one part of a multifaceted restoration...

Forecasts of forest conditions

Treesearch

Robert Huggett; David N. Wear; Ruhong Li; John Coulston; Shan Liu

2013-01-01

Key FindingsAmong the five forest management types, only planted pine is expected to increase in area. In 2010 planted pine comprised 19 percent of southern forests. By 2060, planted pine is forecasted to comprise somewhere between 24 and 36 percent of forest area.Although predicted rates of change vary, all forecasts reveal...

Starting new populations of longleaf pine ground-layer plants in the outer Coastal Plain of South Carolina, USA.

Treesearch

Jeff S. Glitzenstein; Donna R. Streng; Dale D. Wade; John Brubaker

2001-01-01

Southeastern United States habitats dominated by longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) and associated plant species have declined dangerously. Conservation of rare and common plants of longleaf pine habitats may be aided by starting new populations in the field. We review methods for initiating plant populations and integrate information from our...

Influence of establishment timing and planting stock on early rotational growth of loblolly pine plantations in Texas

Treesearch

M. A. Blazier; E. L. Taylor; A. G. Holley

2010-01-01

Planting container seedlings, which have relatively fully formed root systems encased in a soil-filled plug, may improve loblolly pine plantation productivity by increasing early survival and growth relative to that of conventionally planted bareroot seedlings. Planting seedlings in fall may also confer productivity increases to loblolly pine plantations by giving...

Plant community and white-tailed deer nutritional carrying capacity response to intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine plantations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greene, Ethan Jacob

Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a cellulosic feedstock for alternative energy production that could grow well between planted pines (Pinus spp.). Southeastern planted pine occupies 15.8 million hectares and thus, switchgrass intercropping could affect biodiversity if broadly implemented. Therefore, I evaluated effects of intercropping switchgrass in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) plantations on plant community diversity, plant biomass production, and white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus Zimmerman) nutritional carrying capacity. In a randomized complete block design, I assigned three treatments (switchgrass intercropped, switchgrass monoculture, and a "control" of traditional pine management) to 4 replicates of 10-ha experimental units in Kemper County, Mississippi during 2014-2015. I detected 246 different plant species. Switchgrass intercropping reduced plant species richness and diversity but maintained evenness. I observed reduced forb and high-use deer forage biomass but only in intercropped alleys (interbeds). Soil micronutrient interactions affected forage protein of deer plants. White-tailed deer nutritional carrying capacity remained unaffected.

Silvics of western white pine

Treesearch

Charles A. Wellner

1962-01-01

Western white pine grows along west coast mountain ranges from Vancouver Island and the Homathko River on the adjacent mainland in British Columbia southward to the San Bernardino Mountains of southern California (13, 65, 75, 83). In the interior its range is from Quesnel Lake through the Selkirk Mountains of British Columbia southward into northern Idaho, western...

Red Pine Pocket Mortality - Unknown Cause (Pest Alert)

Treesearch

USDA Forest Service

1985-01-01

Continuing mortality of red pine from an unknown cause has been observed in 30 to 40 year old plantations in southern and west central Wisconsin. A single tree or small group of trees die, followed by mortality of adjacent trees. These circular pockets of dead trees expand up to 0.3 acre per year.

Tomicus piniperda (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) Initial Flight and Shoot

Treesearch

Therese M. Poland; Robert A. Haack; Toby R. Petrice

2002-01-01

The exotic pine shoot beetle, Tomicus piniperda (L.) (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), established in the north central and northeastern United States (U.S.) and adjacent regions in Canada, is regulated by a federal quarantine that restricts movement of pine material during specific times of the year based on the beetle's life history. Although climatic...

Small mammal communities of streamside management zones in intensively managed pine forests of Arkansas

Treesearch

Darren A. Miller; Ronald E. Thill; M. Anthony Melchiors; T. Bently Wigley; Philip A. Tappe

2004-01-01

Streamside management zones (SMZs), composed primarily of hardwoods in the southeastern United States, provide habitat diversity within intensively managed pine (Pinus spp.) plantations. However, effects of SMZ width and adjacent plantation structure on riparian wildlife communities are poorly understood. Therefore, during 1990-1995, we examined small mammal...

Factors affecting broadleaf woody vegetation in upland pine forests managed for longleaf pine restoration

Treesearch

Robert N. Addington; Benjamin O. Knapp; Geoffrey G. Sorrell; Michele L. Elmore; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2015-01-01

Controlling broadleaf woody plant abundance is one of the greatest challenges in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem restoration. Numerous factors have been associated with broadleaf woody plant abundance in longleaf pine ecosystems, including site quality, stand structure, and fire frequency and intensity, yet the way in which these...

Controlling herbaceous competition in pasture planted with loblolly pine seedlings. Forest Service research note

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Haywood, J.D.

1995-09-01

Three treatments designed to control herbaceous vegetation competing with loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings planted in grazed and ungrazed pasture were tested. Effects of the treatments on seedling survival and growth during the first 3 years after planting were determined. The treatments were directed application of herbicides (glyphosate in the first 2 years and hexazinone in the third year), rotary mowing, and mulching with pine straw around individual pine seedlings.

Ponderosa Pine reclamation at the Rosebud Mine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, P.R.

1990-12-31

The first operational plantings of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were made on the Rosebud Mine near Colstrip, Montana in November of 1985. This paper discusses the five {open_quotes}R`s{close_quotes} of pine reclamation. These include the Reasons for planting ponderosa pine, ponderosa pine Research efforts and results, present Reclamation methods and materials, the Results of pine reclamation to date and the relationship of these results to the final bond Release criteria. Over 14,000 pine seedlings have been planted to date. They have been 1-0 to 3-0 bare root or 1-0 to 2-0 containerized stock. Plantings have been done by hand, with augersmore » and (primarily) with a modified Soil Conservation Service tree planter on {open_quotes}tree{close_quotes} and regular soils with and without animal damage protection in spring and fall. Percent survival has varied greatly from field to field influenced by record drought, wildlife, severe grasshopper depredation, cattle grazing and wildlife usage.« less

Preparing sites for pine plantings in South Florida

Treesearch

James W. McMinn

1969-01-01

Typical slash pine and South Florida slash pine were planted on prepared flatwoods sites at three Florida locations. Site preparation treatments were burning, strip-chopping, double-chopping, clearing, and bedding. Results through the fifth year show that bedding provided the most favorable site for early growth, and that properly planted seedlings survived no better...

Species Diversity in Planted Pine and Natural Hardwoods 24 years After Sharing and Chipping on the Cumberland Plateau, TN

Treesearch

Karen Kuers

2002-01-01

Plant species richness in 24 year-old planted lobiolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.), yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), naturally regenerated hardwoods, and mature hardwoods was compared using the North Carolina Vegetation Survey protocol. Comparisons were made in...

Response of Newly Established Slash Pine to Cultivation and Fertilization

Treesearch

A.E. Tiarks; J.D. Haywood

1981-01-01

Response of newly established slash pine to fertilization is increased if herbaceous plants are controlled. To find the amount of cultivation required in Louisiana, fertilized and unfertilized rows of planted pines were hand-hoed in a wedge-shaped pattern. By using this technique, the amount of cultivation was varied from none to complete. Slash pine growth was...

Planted Pines do not Respond to Bedding on an Acadia-Beauregard-Kolin Silt Loam Site

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1980-01-01

Average height and volume of loblolly and slash pines were not affected by site treatment or soil differences 15 years after planting on an Acadia-Beauregard-Kolin silt loam site. Slash pine averaged 2.04 m more in height and yielded 22 percent more volume per hectare than did loblolly pine.

A comparison of the community diversity of foliar fungal endophytes between seedling and adult loblolly pines (Pinus taeda)

PubMed Central

Oono, Ryoko; Lefèvre, Emilie; Simha, Anita; Lutzoni, François

2015-01-01

Fungal endophytes represent one of the most ubiquitous plant symbionts on Earth and are phylogenetically diverse. The structure and diversity of endophyte communities have been shown to depend on host taxa and climate, but there have been relatively few studies exploring endophyte communities throughout host maturity. We compared foliar fungal endophyte communities between seedlings and adult trees of loblolly pines (Pinus taeda) at the same seasons and locations by culturing and culture-independent methods. We sequenced the internal transcribed spacer region and adjacent partial large subunit nuclear ribosomal RNA gene (ITS–LSU amplicon) to delimit operational taxonomic units and phylogenetically characterize the communities. Despite the lower infection frequency in seedlings compared to adult trees, seedling needles were receptive to a more diverse community of fungal endophytes. Culture-free method confirmed the presence of commonly cultured OTUs from adult needles but revealed several new OTUs from seedling needles that were not found with culturing methods. The two most commonly cultured OTUs in adults were rarely cultured from seedlings, suggesting that host age is correlated with a selective enrichment for specific endophytes. This shift in endophyte species dominance may be indicative of a functional change between these fungi and their loblolly pine hosts. PMID:26399186

Fine-scale genetic structure of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) associations with watershed and growth form

Treesearch

Deborah L. Rogers; Constance I. Millar; Robert D. Westfall

1999-01-01

The fine-scale genetic structure of a subalpine conifer, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), was studied at nested geographic levels from watershed to adjacent stems in the eastern Sierra Nevada Range of California. A combination of several characteristics contributed to unpredicted genetic structure in this species. This includes being one of...

Distribution of pole blight of western white pine

Treesearch

Donald P. Graham

1955-01-01

Disease surveys conducted in 1953 and 1954 to determine the distribution of pole blight of western white pine (Pinus monticola, Dougl.) reveal that most areas of damage have now been found. During 1953 extensive surveys of pole blight distribution disclosed 20 new diseased areas and a number of affected stands adjacent to or near old disease centers. The 1954...

Impacts of southern pine beetles in special management areas

Treesearch

Stephen R. Clarke

1995-01-01

Southern pine beetles have had great impacts on wilderness and other special management areas. Infestations have spread and affected adjacent [and, and they have disrupted the intended uses and goals desired for these areas. Coping with SPB in special management areas requires advance planning and management, then the use of new and integrated techniques for SPB risk...

Insect-induced crystallization of white pine resins. I. white-pine weevil

Treesearch

Frank S., Jr. Santamour

1965-01-01

In breeding programs designed to produce insect-resistant plants, a serious obstacle to progress often is the lack of efficient selection and testing criteria. Natural infestations of some insects are large and severe enough to allow selection of resistant plants directly from the natural plant population. However, the attacks of the white-pine weevil (...

Planting Technique and Care of Stock Affect Survival of Planted Red Pine

Treesearch

John H. Cooley

1974-01-01

Careless planting was found to be the most important of several possible causes of excessive mortality of newly planted red pine. Distribution procedures and high shoot/root ratios were also implicated.

The path back: oaks ( Quercus spp.) facilitate longleaf pine ( Pinus palustris ) seedling establishment in xeric sites

Treesearch

E. Louise Loudermilk; J. Kevin Hiers; Scott Pokswinski; Joseph J. O' Brien; Analie Barnett; Robert J. Mitchell

2016-01-01

Understanding plant–plant facilitation is critical for predicting how plant community function will respond to changing disturbance and climate. In longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems of the southeastern United States, understanding processes that affect pine reproduction is imperative for conservation efforts that aim to maintain...

Performance of Slash Pine Bare-Root Seedlings and Containerized Rooted Cuttings Planted on Five Dates in Louisiana

Treesearch

Alper Akgul; Michael G. Messina; Alan Wilson; Joe Weber

2004-01-01

Landowners are interested in extending the normal planting season, as well as the comparative field performance, of nursery bare-root seedlings and containerized rooted cuttings. The effect of seasonal planting dates on field performance of two stock types of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) was examined. Slash pine bare-root seedlings (BRS) and...

Primer registro de Empidonax fulvifrons en Nicaragua

Treesearch

Francisco J. Muñoz; Wayne J Arendt; Liliana Chavarria; Pablo Somarriba; Aura L. Cruz

2009-01-01

English title: First documented report of buff-breasted fl ycatcher Empidonax fulvifrons in Nicargua. A buff-breasted flycatcher (Empidonax fulvifrons) was observed on 4 January 2008 in Loma Fría, Dipilto Municipality, Department of Nueva Segovia. The bird was sited in a pasture with scattered pines (Pinus oocarpa) adjacent to a pine-oak forest. It formed part of a...

A Study of the Growth, Yield, and Pest Resistance of Shortleaf X Slash Pine Hybrids

Treesearch

O.O. Wells; Ronald C. Schmidtling

1983-01-01

At age 10, shortleaf x slash pine hybrids performed relatively poorly when compared with loblolly pine in 10 plantings throughout the southern pine region. The hybrids excelled only in resistance to fusiform rust. Over all plantings, loblolly averaged about 5 feet taller than the hybrids and had almost twice as much volume. The hybrids' rust resistance may make...

Whitebark Pine Guidelines for Planting Prescriptions

Treesearch

Glenda L. Scott; Ward W. McCaughey

2006-01-01

This paper reviews general literature, research studies, field observations, and standard Forest Service survival surveys of high-elevation whitebark pine plantations and presents a set of guidelines for outplanting prescriptions. When planting whitebark pine, the recommendations are: 1) reduce overstory competition; 2) reduce understory vegetation, especially grasses...

Whitebark pine planting guidelines

Treesearch

Ward McCaughey; Glenda L. Scott; Kay L. Izlar

2009-01-01

This article incorporates new information into previous whitebark pine guidelines for planting prescriptions. Earlier 2006 guidelines were developed based on review of general literature, research studies, field observations, and standard US Forest Service survival surveys of high-elevation whitebark pine plantations. A recent study of biotic and abiotic factors...

An interdisciplinary, outcome-based approach to astmospheric CO2 mitigation with planted southern pine forests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Martin, T.; Fox, T.; Peter, G.; Monroe, M.

2012-12-01

The Pine Integrated Network: Education, Mitigation and Adaptation Project ("PINEMAP") was funded by National Institute of Food and Agriculture to produce outcomes of enhanced climate change mitigation and adaptation in planted southern pine ecosystems. The PINEMAP project leverages a strong group of existing networks to produce synergy and cooperation on applied forestry research in the region. Over the last 50 years, cooperative research on planted southern pine management among southeastern U.S. universities, government agencies, and corporate forest landowners has developed and facilitated the widespread implementation of improved genetic and silvicultural technology. The impact of these regional research cooperatives is difficult to overstate, with current members managing 55% of the privately owned planted pine forestland, and producing 95% of the pine seedlings planted each year. The PINEMAP team includes the eight major forestry cooperative research programs, scientists from eleven land grant institutions, the US Forest Service, and climate modeling and adaptation specialists associated with the multi-state SE Climate Consortium and state climate offices. Our goal is to create and disseminate the knowledge that enables landowners to: harness planted pine forest productivity to mitigate atmospheric CO2; more efficiently use nitrogen and other fertilizer inputs; and adapt their forest management to increase resilience in the face of changing climate. We integrate our team's infrastructure and expertise to: 1) develop breeding, genetic deployment and innovative management systems to increase C sequestration and resilience to changing climate of planted southern pine forests ; 2) understand interactive effects of policy, biology, and climate change on sustainable management; 3) transfer new management and genetic technologies to private industrial and non-industrial landowners; and 4) educate a diverse cross-section of the public about the relevance of forests, forest management, and climate change. These efforts will enable our stakeholders to enhance the productivity of southern pine forests, while maintaining social, economic, and ecological sustainability.

Drawing entitled "Planting Plan Pine Hills, Gd. Sta. U.S. Department ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Drawing entitled "Planting Plan Pine Hills, Gd. Sta. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Region 5. L. Glenn Hall, landscape engineer. 11-5-35. - Pine Hills Station, Barracks, West Side of Boulder Creek Road at Engineers Road, Julian, San Diego County, CA

Comparison of three site preparation techniques on growth of planted loblolly pine 6 years after a southern pine beetle epidemic

Treesearch

Wayne K. Clatterbuck; Michael Carr

2013-01-01

Three site preparation treatments: (1) complete removal of woody debris—drum chopped, raked, and disked; (2) drum chopping leaving woody debris; and (3) no site preparation—planting among dead standing trees were compared by evaluating the growth and survival of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) after six growing seasons following a southern...

Reuse of waste materials as growing media for ornamental plants.

PubMed

Hernández-Apaolaza, Lourdes; Gascó, Antonio M; Gascó, José M; Guerrero, Francisca

2005-01-01

The use of different waste materials: pine bark, coconut fibre and sewage sludge as substrates in the production of ornamental plants was studied, with an special interest on the suitability of coconut fibre as growing substrate for conifer plants. The plant species tested were Pinus pinea, Cupressus arizonica and C. sempervirens and the substrate mixtures were: (1) pine bark, (2) pine bark with 15% of sewage sludge compost, (3) pine bark with 30% of sewage sludge compost, (4) coconut fibre, (5) coconut fibre with 15% of sewage sludge compost and (6) coconut fibre with 30% of sewage sludge compost. Substrates were physically and chemically well characterized, and 75-cm plants were grown on them for one year. Plant and substrate status were periodically tested along the experiment. As biosolid recycling is the main objective of the present work, the mixtures with 30% of composted sewage sludge will be the most convenient substrate to use. For C. sempervirens and C. arizonica, a mixture between pine bark or coconut fibre and 30% of biosolid compost in volume gave the best results, but the lower cost of the pine bark than the coconut fibre substrate indicated the use of the PB+30% CSS. For P. pinea the research of new combinations between waste products is recommended to attain better results.

Transgenic loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plants expressing a modified delta-endotoxin gene of Bacillus thuringiensis with enhanced resistance to Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Crypyothelea formosicola Staud.

PubMed

Tang, Wei; Tian, Yingchuan

2003-02-01

A synthetic version of the CRY1Ac gene of Bacillus thuringiensis has been used for the transformation of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) using particle bombardment. Mature zygotic embryos were used to be bombarded and to generate organogenic callus and transgenic regenerated plants. Expression vector pB48.215 DNA contained a synthetic Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) CRY1Ac coding sequence flanked by the double cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S promoter and nopaline synthase (NOS) terminator sequences, and the neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene controlled by the promoter of the nopaline synthase gene was introduced into loblolly pine tissues by particle bombardment. The transformed tissues were proliferated and selected on media with kanamycin. Shoot regeneration was induced from the kanamycin-resistant calli, and transgenic plantlets were then produced. More than 60 transformed plants from independent transformation events were obtained for each loblolly pine genotype tested. The integration and expression of the introduced genes in the transgenic loblolly pine plants was confirmed by polymerase chain reactions (PCR) analysis, by Southern hybridization, by Northern blot analysis, and by Western blot analysis. Effective resistance of transgenic plants against Dendrolimus punctatus Walker and Crypyothelea formosicola Staud was verified in feeding bioassays with the insects. The transgenic plants recovered could represent a good opportunity to analyse the impact of genetic engineering of pine for sustainable resistance to pests using a B. thuringiensis insecticidal protein. This protocol enabled the routine transformation of loblolly pine plants that were previously difficult to transform.

Mechanized Red Pine Tree Planting Operation -- A Time Study

Treesearch

Joseph B. Sturos; Edwin S. Miyata

1984-01-01

Projected softwood shortages and high costs of mechanized tree planting indicate that more efficient planting equipment and systems are needed. This paper presents cost and productivity data for mechanically planting red pine seelings on a site previously occupied by hardwoods in northern Wisconsin

Second-growth yield, stand, and volume tables for the western white pine type

Treesearch

Irvine T. Haig

1932-01-01

The western white pine type is the most important forest unit over large areas of rough uplands in northern Idaho and adjacent portions of eastern Washington and western Montana. It occupies throughout this region the cooler, moister sites between elevations of 2,000 and 5,500 feet, reaching its best development in northern Idaho between the international boundary and...

Impacts of regional climatic fluctuations on radial growth of Siberian and Scots pine at Mukhrino mire (central-western Siberia).

PubMed

Blanchet, Guillaume; Guillet, Sébastien; Calliari, Baptiste; Corona, Christophe; Edvardsson, Johannes; Stoffel, Markus; Bragazza, Luca

2017-01-01

Ring width (TRW) chronologies from Siberian (Pinus sibirica) and Scots (Pinus sylvestris) pine trees were sampled at Mukhrino - a large mire complex in central-western Siberia - to evaluate the impacts of hydroclimatic variability on tree growth over the last three centuries. For this purpose, we compared climate-growth correlation profiles from trees growing on peat soils with those growing on adjacent mineral soils. Tree growth at both peat and mineral soils was positively correlated to air temperature during the vegetation period. This finding can be explained by (i) the positive influence of temperature on plant physiological processes (i.e. growth control) during the growing season and (ii) the indirect impact of air temperatures on water table fluctuations. We observe also a strong link between TRW and the winter Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), especially in Siberian pine, reflecting the isolating effect of snow and limited freezing damage in roots. Significant negative relations were, by contrast, observed between bog TRW chronologies and hydroclimatic indices during spring and summer; they are considered an expression of the negative impacts of high water levels and moist peat soils on root development. Some unusually old bog pines - exhibiting >500 growth rings - apparently colonized the site at the beginning of the Little Ice Age, and therefore seem to confirm that (i) peat conditions may have been drier in Siberia than in most other regions of western Europe during this period. At the same time, the bog trees also point to (ii) their strong dependence on surface conditions. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Responses of Isolated Wetland Herpetofauna to Upland Forest Management

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Russell, K.R.; Hanlin, H.G.; Wigley, T.B.

2002-01-02

Measurement of responses of herpetofauna at isolated wetlands in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina to disturbance of adjacent loblolly pine forest. Many species of isolated wetland herpetofauna in the Southeastern Coastal Plain may tolerate some disturbance in adjacent upland stands. Responses of isolated wetland herpetofauna to upland silviculture and the need for adjacent forested buffers likely depend on the specific landscape context in which the wetlands occur and composition of the resident herpetofaunal community.

Using Landscape Genetics Simulations for Planting Blister Rust Resistant Whitebark Pine in the US Northern Rocky Mountains.

PubMed

Landguth, Erin L; Holden, Zachary A; Mahalovich, Mary F; Cushman, Samuel A

2017-01-01

Recent population declines to the high elevation western North America foundation species whitebark pine, have been driven by the synergistic effects of the invasive blister rust pathogen, mountain pine beetle (MPB), fire exclusion, and climate change. This has led to consideration for listing whitebark pine (WBP) as a threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act, which has intensified interest in developing management strategies for maintaining and restoring the species. An important, but poorly studied, aspect of WBP restoration is the spatial variation in adaptive genetic variation and the potential of blister rust resistant strains to maintain viable populations in the future. Here, we present a simulation modeling framework to improve understanding of the long-term genetic consequences of the blister rust pathogen, the evolution of rust resistance, and scenarios of planting rust resistant genotypes of whitebark pine. We combine climate niche modeling and eco-evolutionary landscape genetics modeling to evaluate the effects of different scenarios of planting rust-resistant genotypes and impacts of wind field direction on patterns of gene flow. Planting scenarios showed different levels for local extirpation of WBP and increased population-wide blister rust resistance, suggesting that the spatial arrangement and choice of planting locations can greatly affect survival rates of whitebark pine. This study presents a preliminary, but potentially important, framework for facilitating the conservation of whitebark pine.

Red Pine Seedling Establishment after Shelterwood-Strip Harvesting

Treesearch

John W. Benzie; Alvin A. Alm

1977-01-01

Shelterwood-strip harvesting in a mature red pine stand provided favorable growing conditions for red pine seedlings established by planting nursery stock, by planting 10-week-old to 1-year-old tubelings, and by direct seeding. How long the shelterwood-strips can be left standing before they seriously affect seedling development to be determined

Field Planting Containerized Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Dale R. Larson

2002-01-01

The difficulty in establishing stands of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) by artificial regeneration techniques has been a major factor in the decline of the number of acres occupied by this species in the Southeast. Many landowners and managers have been reluctant to plant longleaf because of its history of poor survival. Loblolly pine (

Small topographic differences affect slash pine response to site preparation and fertilization

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1983-01-01

On a Wrightsville-Vidrine silt loam flatwoods in southwest Louisiana, six-year-old slash pines (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) planted on the better drained Vidrine-pimple mounds Vidrine-like ridges were nearly four times larger than pines planted in the poorly drained Wrightsville depressions. Site preperation treatments...

Establishing Longleaf Pine Seedlings on Agricultural Fields and Pastures

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2004-01-01

Acres planted to longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) increased annually through the 1990s until 2000 with peak plantings exceeding 110 million seedlings annually. Many of these longleaf seedlings were planted on agricultural crop fields and pastures. Agricultural areas have unique characteristics that can make them more challenging to successfully plant...

Underplanting shortleaf pine at Coldwater Conservation Area in Missouri

Treesearch

Jason Jensen; David Gwaze

2007-01-01

Restoring shortleaf pine throughout its native range in the Ozark Highlands is a high priority in Missouri. Restoring shortleaf pine on former pine and oak-pine sites is a longterm strategy for mitigating chronic oak decline (Law et al. 2004). Underplanting or preharvest planting is one method that has potential for restoring shortleaf pine.

Regeneration of different plant functional types in a Masson pine forest following pine wilt disease.

PubMed

Hu, Guang; Xu, Xuehong; Wang, Yuling; Lu, Gao; Feeley, Kenneth J; Yu, Mingjian

2012-01-01

Pine wilt disease is a severe threat to the native pine forests in East Asia. Understanding the natural regeneration of the forests disturbed by pine wilt disease is thus critical for the conservation of biodiversity in this realm. We studied the dynamics of composition and structure within different plant functional types (PFTs) in Masson pine forests affected by pine wilt disease (PWD). Based on plant traits, all species were assigned to four PFTs: evergreen woody species (PFT1), deciduous woody species (PFT2), herbs (PFT3), and ferns (PFT4). We analyzed the changes in these PFTs during the initial disturbance period and during post-disturbance regeneration. The species richness, abundance and basal area, as well as life-stage structure of the PFTs changed differently after pine wilt disease. The direction of plant community regeneration depended on the differential response of the PFTs. PFT1, which has a higher tolerance to disturbances, became dominant during the post-disturbance regeneration, and a young evergreen-broad-leaved forest developed quickly after PWD. Results also indicated that the impacts of PWD were dampened by the feedbacks between PFTs and the microclimate, in which PFT4 played an important ecological role. In conclusion, we propose management at the functional type level instead of at the population level as a promising approach in ecological restoration and biodiversity conservation.

Environmental and biological controls on water and energy exchange in Florida scrub oak and pine flatwoods ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bracho, Rosvel; Powell, Thomas L.; Dore, Sabina; Li, Jiahong; Hinkle, C. Ross; Drake, Bert G.

2008-06-01

Scrub oak and pine flatwoods are two contrasting ecosystems common to the humid subtropical climate of Florida. Scrub oak forests are short in stature (<2 m) and occur on well-drained sandy soils, and pine flatwoods are much taller and occur in areas with poorly drained soils. Eddy covariance measurements were made from January 2001 to February 2003 over a scrub oak forest and from January 2002 to February 2003 over an adjacent pine flatwoods located on in central Florida, USA, and exposed to similar atmospheric conditions to evaluate how the dynamics of latent heat (λE) and sensible heat (H) exchanges are affected by environmental and biological variables. Annual evapotranspiration (Et) for the scrub oak was 737 and 713 mm in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Et was comparatively higher, 812 mm, in 2002 at the pine flatwoods due to higher soil moisture and leaf area. In both ecosystems, springtime increases in λE coincided with increasing leaf area and evaporative demand. However, H was the main energy-dissipating component in the spring due to the seasonal decrease in soil water content in the upper soil profile. In the spring, mean weekly Bowen ratio (β, i.e. H/λE) values reached 1.6 and 1.2 in the scrub oak and pine flatwoods, respectively. With the onset of the summertime rainy season, λE became the dominant energy flux and β fells to < 0.4. In both ecosystems, β was strongly controlled by the interaction between leaf area and soil moisture. The lowest values of the decoupling coefficient (Ω, 0.2 and 0.25 scrub oak and pine flatwoods, respectively) also occurred during the dry springtime period indicating that surface conductance (gs) was the mechanism controlling energy partitioning causing high β in both ecosystems. Et increases in the spring, when water in the upper soil profile was scarce and strongly retained by soil particles, indicated that plants in both ecosystems obtained water from deeper sources. The results from this research elucidate how energy partitioning differs and is regulated in contrasting ecosystems within the Florida landscape, which is important for refining regional hydrological and climate models.

Restoration planting options for limber pines in the southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2011-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pine's critical role in these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating these impacts.

Behavioral Evidence for Host Transitions in Plant, Plant Parasite, and Insect Interactions.

PubMed

Halbritter, Dale A; Willett, Denis S; Gordon, Johnalyn M; Stelinski, Lukasz L; Daniels, Jaret C

2018-06-06

Specialized herbivorous insects have the ability to transition between host plant taxa, and considering the co-evolutionary history between plants and the organisms utilizing them is important to understanding plant insect interactions. We investigated the role of a pine tree parasite, dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium spp.) M. Bieb. Santalales: Viscaceae, in mediating interactions between Neophasia (Lepidoptera: Pieridae) butterflies and pine trees, the butterflies' larval hosts. Mistletoe is considered the butterflies' ancestral host, and the evolutionary transition to pine may have occurred recently. In Arizona, United States, we studied six sites in pine forest habitats: three in Neophasia menapia (Felder and R. Felder, 1859) habitat and three in Neophasia terlooii Behr, 1869 habitat. Each site contained six stands of trees that varied in mistletoe infection severity. Butterfly behavior was observed and ranked at each stand. Volatile compounds were collected from trees at each site and analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy. Female butterflies landed on or patrolled around pine trees (i.e., interacted) more than males, and N. terlooii interacted more with pine trees than N. menapia. Both butterfly species interacted more with tree stands harboring greater mistletoe infection, and N. terlooii interacted more with heavily infected tree stands than did N. menapia. The influence of mistletoe on Neophasia behavior may be mediated by differences in tree volatiles resulting from mistletoe infection. Volatile profiles significantly differed between infected and uninfected pine trees. The role of mistletoe in mediating butterfly interactions with pines has implications for conservation biology and forest management, and highlights the importance of understanding an organism's niche in an evolutionary context.

Ecology, management, and restoration of pinon-juniper and ponderosa pine ecosystems: combined proceedings of the 2005 St. George, Utah and 2006 Albuquerque, New Mexico workshops

Treesearch

Gerald J. Gottfried; John D. Shaw; Paulette L. Ford

2008-01-01

Southwestern pinon-juniper and juniper woodlands cover large areas of Arizona, New Mexico, Utah, and adjacent Colorado. Ponderosa pine forests are the most common timberland in the Southwest. All three ecosystems provide a variety of natural resources and economic benefits to the region. There are different perceptions of desired conditions. Public and private land...

Retention of particulate lead on foliage and twigs of a white pine windbreak

Treesearch

G. H. Heichel; Lester Hankin

1977-01-01

The removal of particulate lead from the air by a roadside windbreak of white pine containing 8 rows of 25-year-old trees and 27 m in depth was studied. Knowledge of particulate trapping and retention was gained by atomic absorption spectrophotometry of the lead burden of foliage and twigs of various ages adjacent to and far from the road. The effectiveness of the...

Modeling water, carbon, and nitrogen dynamics for two drained pine plantations under intensive management practices

Treesearch

Shiying Tian; Mohamed A. Youssef; R. Wayne Skaggs; Devendra Amatya; George M. Chescheir

2012-01-01

This paper reports results of a study to test the reliability of the DRAINMOD-FOREST model for predicting water, soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) dynamics in intensively managed forests. The study site, two adjacent loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations (referred as D2 and D3), are located in the coastal plain of North Carolina, USA. Controlled drainage (with weir...

Distribution and diversity of fungal species in and adjacent to the Los Alamos National Laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Balice, R.G.; Jarmie, N.; Rogers, F.J.

1997-12-01

Fungi have demonstrated their ability to diversify and specialize to take advantage of new environments (Murphy 1996). These species are essential to the normal functioning of ecosystems and the impacts of human activities may be harmful to fungi. There is a need to inventory fungi throughout the range of their environments. Previously archived information representing 43 sample locations was used to perform a preliminary evaluation of the distributions and diversity of fungal species at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and in adjacent environments. Presence-absence data for 71 species of fungi in five habitats, pinon-juniper, canyon-bottom ponderosa pine, ponderosa pine, canyon-bottommore » mixed conifer, and mixed conifer were analyzed. The results indicate that even though fungi occur in each of the habitats, fungal species are not distributed evenly among these habitats. The richness of fungal species is greater in the canyon-bottom mixed conifer and mixed conifer habitats than in the pinon-juniper, canyon-bottom ponderosa pine or ponderosa pine habitats. All but three of the fungal species were recorded in either the canyon-bottom mixed conifer or the mixed conifer habitats, and all but seven of the fungal species were found in the mixed conifer habitat.« less

Timber, Browse, and Herbage on Selected Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine-Hardwood Forest Stands

Treesearch

Gale L. Wolters; Alton Martin; Warren P. Clary

1977-01-01

A thorough vegetation inventory was made on loblolly-shortleaf pine-hardwood stands scheduled by forest industry for clearcutting, site preparation, and planting to pine in north central Louisiana and southern Arkansas. Overstory timber, on the average, contained about equal proportions of softwood and hardwood basal area. Browse plants ranged from 5,500 to over 70,...

Influence of herbicides and improvement cutting, fertilization, and prescribed fire on planted longleaf pine development

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2015-01-01

There is an interest in restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) across its native range in the southeastern United States, and establishment of longleaf pine on much of its original range requires artificial regeneration and management of competing vegetation after planting. In Louisiana, two fertilization levels (No or Yes [36 kg/ha...

Trends in shortleaf pine tree improvement

Treesearch

Robert N. Kitchens

1986-01-01

Tree improvement programs of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) have developed over the past 25 years to the point that virtually all demand for planting stock is met with genetically improved trees. About 22,600 acres of improved stock are planted each year. Although shortleaf has the largest geographic range of any southern pine, it is not being promoted in...

Diplodia Blight of Pines

Treesearch

Glenn W. Peterson

1981-01-01

The fungus Diplodia pinea (Desm.) Kickx is most damaging to plantings of both exotic and native pine species in the United States. The fungus is seldom found in natural pine stands. Diplodia pinea kills current-year shoots, major branches, and ultimately entire trees. The effects of this disease are most severe in landscape, windbreak, and park plantings in the Central...

Composition and structure of managed pine stands compared to reference longleaf pine sites on Marine Corps Base Camp Lejeune, North Carolina

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker; Andrea M. Silletti; Susan Cohen

2010-01-01

We sampled the ground layer of 28 pine plantations to compare with ecological reference sites at Marine Corps Base, Camp Lejeune (MCBCL), NC. Plantations were ≥ 18 years old and had been burned within the previous year. Pines had been hand-planted on beds or fl at-planted, and the plantations were burned every 3 to 4 years after age 7. Data from 39 reference sites were...

European Pine Shoot Moth

Treesearch

William E. Miller; Arthur R. Hastings; John F. Wootten

1961-01-01

In the United States, the European pine shoot moth has caused much damage in young, plantations of red pine. It has been responsible for reduced planting of red pine in many areas. Although attacked trees rarely if ever die, their growth is inhibited and many are, deformed. Scotch pine and Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold) are usually not so badly damaged. Swiss...

Effects of Ground Preparation on Planted Red Pine in Southwestern Wisconsin

Treesearch

M. Dean Knighton

1972-01-01

Red pine was planted in 1962 using five ground preparation methods and two classes of planting stock. After 9 years, 3-0 trees planted by a Lowther machine with scalpers and by hand in single plowed furrows had 37 percent more survival than trees hand planted in scalps. Planting method did not afect survival 2-1 transplants. Height growth for both classes of stock...

Determining the Correct Planting Depth For Container-Grown Longleaf Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Mark J. Hainds

2004-01-01

The Longleaf Alliance installed four planting-depth studies from 1998 to 2002 to determine the optimal depth for container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Results indicate that deep planting significantly reduced seedling survival and growth. Results also indicate that longleaf is very tolerant of shallow planting whereby the...

Plant Response to Soils, Site Preparation, and Initial Pine Planting Density

Treesearch

Henry A. Pearson; Gale L. Wolters; Ronald E. Thill; Alton Martin; V. Clark Baldwin

1995-01-01

This study described the effects of soils, site preparation, and initial pine regeneration spacings on tree growth and the associated understory woody and herbaceous plant succession. Although Sawyer soils appeared more productive than Ruston soils before the harvest and regeneration treatments, woody and herbaceous plant differences were not apparent between the...

Comparison of advanced genetic loblolly pine planting stock

Treesearch

R.J. Rousseau; S.D. Roberts; B.L. Herrin

2012-01-01

Forest landowners have several options when it comes to selecting planting stock for loblolly pine plantations. The majority of plantations established over the past two decades have been planted with 2nd-Generation open-pollinated (2nd-Gen) seedling stock. Today, landowners can increase their yields using more sophisticated planting stock such as Mass Control...

Recovery of a bearclover (Chamaebatia foliolosa) plant community after site preparation and planting of ponderosa pine seedlings

Treesearch

Philip M. McDonald; Gary O. Fiddler

1999-01-01

Bearclover inhabits thousands of acres of forest land in northern and central California, but little quantification of its recovery after timber harvest, site preparation, and planting is available. And the species composition and development of the ensuing plant community is largely unknown. Density, foliar cover, and height of planted ponderosa pine seedlings,...

Practical breeding programs for jack pine in the Lake States

Treesearch

James P. King

1973-01-01

Jack pine (Pinus banksiana Lamb.) is the most common pine in the Lake States and is expected to play an increasingly important role in Lake States planting programs. This species is easy to plant successfully even on dry, sandy soils. Its rapid growth during the first 30 years makes it suitable for intensive-culture, short-rotation forestry. And it...

A regional study of loblolly pine plantation development through 15 years after early complete woody and herbaceous plant control (COMP)

Treesearch

James H. Miller; B.R. Zutter; S.M Zedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

2002-01-01

Pine plantations are increasingly cultured using early woody and/or herbaceous plant control. Developments in sustainable cultural practices are hindered by the absence of long-term data on productivity gains relative to competition levels, crop-competition dynamics, and compositional succession. To gain baseline data, this study examined loblolly pine (Pinus...

Early brush control promotes growth of ponderosa pine planted on bulldozed site

Treesearch

Jay R. Bentley; Stanley B. Carpenter; David A. Blakeman

1971-01-01

Test plots in a brushfield near Mount Shasta, California, were cleared by bulldozing in 1961, and planted with ponderosa pine seedlings in 1962. Brush regrowth was subjected to varying levels of control by spraying with herbicides. In the first 5 years, brush control definitely promoted the growth of pine seedlings. And this early control also promises to reduce the...

Comparison of planted loblolly, longleaf, and slash pine development through 10 growing seasons in central Louisiana--an argument for longleaf pine

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Mary Anne S. Sayer; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2015-01-01

Two studies were established in central Louisiana to compare development of planted loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf (P. palustris Mill.), and slash (P. elliottii Engelm.) pine. Study 1 was on a Beauregard silt loam, and Study 2 was on Ruston and McKamie fine sandy loams. After 10 growing seasons,...

Low offspring survival in mountain pine beetle infesting the resistant Great Basin bristlecone pine supports the preference-performance hypothesis

Treesearch

Erika L. Eidson; Karen E. Mock; Barbara J. Bentz

2018-01-01

The preference-performance hypothesis states that ovipositing phytophagous insects will select host plants that are well-suited for their offspring and avoid host plants that do not support offspring performance (survival, development and fitness). The mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), a native insect herbivore in western North America, can successfully...

Whitebark Pine Germination, Rust Resistance, and Cold Hardiness Among Seed Sources in the Inland Northwest: Planting Strategies for Restoration

Treesearch

Mary F. Mahalovich; Karen E. Burr; David L. Foushee

2006-01-01

A synthesis of several studies highlights above-average performing seed sources (n = 108) of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), which practitioners can utilize for restoration, wildlife habitat improvement, and operational planting programs. It is the first report of this magnitude of blister rust resistance for this species. Whitebark pine does have...

Earthworms, arthropods and plant litter decomposition in aspen (Populus tremuloides) and lodgepole pine(Pinus contorta) forests in Colorado, USA

Treesearch

Grizelle Gonzalez; Timothy R. Seastedt; Zugeily Donato

2003-01-01

We compared the abundance and community composition of earthworms, soil macroarthropods, and litter microarthropods to test faunal effects on plant litter decomposition rates in two forests in the subalpine in Colorado, USA. Litterbags containing recently senesced litter of Populus tremuloides (aspen) and Pinus contorta (lodgepole pine) were placed in aspen and pine...

The importance of shortleaf pine for wildlife and diversity in mixed oak-pine forests and in pine-grassland woodlands

Treesearch

Ronald E. Masters

2007-01-01

Shortleaf pine, by virtue of its wide distribution and occurrence in many forest types in eastern North America, is an important species that provides high habitat value for many wildlife species. Shortleaf pine functions as a structural habitat element in both mixed oak-pine forests and in pine-grassland woodlands. It also adds diversity throughout all stages of plant...

Genetic diversity within and among populations of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Shiqin Xu; C.G. Tauer; C. Dana Nelson

2008-01-01

Shortleaf pine (n=93) and loblolly pine (n=112) trees representing 22 seed sources or 16 physiographic populations were sampled from Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study plantings located in Oklahoma, Arkansas and Mississippi. The sampled trees were grown from shortleaf pine and loblolly pine seeds formed in 1951 and 1952, prior to the start of intensive forest...

Natural hybridization within seed sources of shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Shiqin Xu; C.G. Tauer; C. Dana Nelson

2008-01-01

Shortleaf and loblolly pine trees (n=93 and 102, respectively) from 22 seed sources of the Southwide Southern Pine Seed Source Study plantings or equivalent origin were evaluated for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) variation. These sampled trees represent shortleaf pine and loblolly pine, as they existed across their native geographic ranges before...

Assessing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) restoration after southern pine beetle kill using a compact experimental design

Treesearch

J.-P. Berrill; C.M. Dagley

2010-01-01

A compact experimental design and analysis is presented of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) survival and growth in a restoration project in the Piedmont region of Georgia, USA. Longleaf pine seedlings were planted after salvage logging and broadcast burning in areas of catastrophic southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis) attacks on even-aged mixed pine-hardwood...

Nantucket Pine Tip Moth Control and Loblolly Pine Growth in Intensive Pine Culture: Two-Year Results

Treesearch

David L. Kulhavy; Jimmie L. Yeiser; L. Allen Smith

2004-01-01

Twenty-two treatments replicated four times were applied to planted loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L. on bedded industrial forest land in east Texas for measurement of growth impact of Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM), Rhyacionia frustrana (Comstock), and effects on pine growth over 2 years. Treatments were combinations of Velpar, Oust, and Arsenal...

Four Pine Species Grown at Four Spacings on the Eastern Highland Rim, Tennessee, After 30 Years

Treesearch

Martin R. Schubert; John C. Rennie; Scott E. Schlarbaum

2004-01-01

In 1966, four pine species [loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), Virginia pine (P. virginiana Mill.), shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.) and eastern white pine (P. strobus L.)] were planted at four spacings (6 x 6 foot 9 x 9 foot 12 x 12 feet and 15 x 15 feet) on the eastern Highland Rim near...

Projecting large-scale area changes in land use and land cover for terrestrial carbon analyses.

PubMed

Alig, Ralph J; Butler, Brett J

2004-04-01

One of the largest changes in US forest type areas over the last half-century has involved pine types in the South. The area of planted pine has increased more than 10-fold since 1950, mostly on private lands. Private landowners have responded to market incentives and government programs, including subsidized afforestation on marginal agricultural land. Timber harvest is a crucial disturbance affecting planted pine area, as other forest types are converted to planted pine after harvest. Conversely, however, many harvested pine plantations revert to other forest types, mainly due to passive regeneration behavior on nonindustrial private timberlands. We model land use and land cover changes as a basis for projecting future changes in planted pine area, to aid policy analysts concerned with mitigation activities for global climate change. Projections are prepared in two stages. Projected land use changes include deforestation due to pressures to develop rural land as the human population expands, which is a larger area than that converted from other rural lands (e.g., agriculture) to forestry. In the second stage, transitions among forest types are projected on land allocated to forestry. We consider reforestation, influences of timber harvest, and natural succession and disturbance processes. Baseline projections indicate a net increase of about 5.6 million ha in planted pine area in the South over the next 50 years, with a notable increase in sequestered carbon. Additional opportunities to expand pine plantation area warrant study of landowner behavior to aid in designing more effective incentives for inducing land use and land cover changes to help mitigate climate change and attain other goals.

Tree species traits influence soil physical, chemical, and biological properties in high elevation forests.

PubMed

Ayres, Edward; Steltzer, Heidi; Berg, Sarah; Wallenstein, Matthew D; Simmons, Breana L; Wall, Diana H

2009-06-18

Previous studies have shown that plants often have species-specific effects on soil properties. In high elevation forests in the Southern Rocky Mountains, North America, areas that are dominated by a single tree species are often adjacent to areas dominated by another tree species. Here, we assessed soil properties beneath adjacent stands of trembling aspen, lodgepole pine, and Engelmann spruce, which are dominant tree species in this region and are distributed widely in North America. We hypothesized that soil properties would differ among stands dominated by different tree species and expected that aspen stands would have higher soil temperatures due to their open structure, which, combined with higher quality litter, would result in increased soil respiration rates, nitrogen availability, and microbial biomass, and differences in soil faunal community composition. We assessed soil physical, chemical, and biological properties at four sites where stands of aspen, pine, and spruce occurred in close proximity to one-another in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado. Leaf litter quality differed among the tree species, with the highest nitrogen (N) concentration and lowest lignin:N in aspen litter. Nitrogen concentration was similar in pine and spruce litter, but lignin:N was highest in pine litter. Soil temperature and moisture were highest in aspen stands, which, in combination with higher litter quality, probably contributed to faster soil respiration rates from stands of aspen. Soil carbon and N content, ammonium concentration, and microbial biomass did not differ among tree species, but nitrate concentration was highest in aspen soil and lowest in spruce soil. In addition, soil fungal, bacterial, and nematode community composition and rotifer, collembolan, and mesostigmatid mite abundance differed among the tree species, while the total abundance of nematodes, tardigrades, oribatid mites, and prostigmatid mites did not. Although some soil characteristics were unaffected by tree species identity, our results clearly demonstrate that these dominant tree species are associated with soils that differ in several physical, chemical, and biotic properties. Ongoing environmental changes in this region, e.g. changes in fire regime, frequency of insect outbreaks, changes in precipitation patterns and snowpack, and land-use change, may alter the relative abundance of these tree species over coming decades, which in turn will likely alter the soils.

Evaluating Evapotranspiration of Pine Forest, Switchgrass, and Pine- Switchgrass Intercroppings using Remote Sensing and Ground-based Methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amatya, D. M.; Panda, S.; Chescheir, G. M.; Nettles, J. E.; Appelboom, T.; Skaggs, R. W.

2011-12-01

Vast areas of the land in the Southeastern United States are under pine forests managed primarily for timber and related byproducts. Evapotranspiration (ET) is the major loss in the water balance of this forest ecosystem. A long-term (1988-2008) study to evaluate hydrologic and nutrient balance during a life cycle of a pine stand was just completed. The study used both monitoring and modeling approaches to evaluate hydrologic and water quality effects of silvicultural and water management treatments on three 25 ha experimental watersheds in eastern North Carolina (NC). The research was extended in 2009 to include a dedicated energy crop, switchgrass (Panicum virgatum), by adding an adjacent 25 ha watershed. These multiple watersheds are being used to evaluate the hydrologic and water quality effects of switchgrass alone, young pine with natural understory, and young pine with switchgrass intercropping compared to the control (pine stand with a natural understory). The biofuels study has been further expanded to two other southern states, Alabama (AL) and Mississippi (MS). Each has five small watersheds (< 25 ha size) consisting of the above treatments and an additional woody biomass removal treatment. In this presentation we provide methods for estimating ET for these treatment watersheds in all three states (NC, AL, and MS) using remote sensing based spatial high resolution multispectral satellite imagery data with ground truthing, where possible, together with sensor technology. This technology is making ET parameter estimation a reality for various crops and vegetation surfaces. Slope-based vegetation indices like Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Green Vegetation Index (GVI) and distance-based vegetation indices like Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) and Perpendicular Vegetation Index (PVI) will be developed using the R and NIR bands, vegetation density, and background soil reflectance as necessary. Landsat and high resolution aerial imageries of vegetation and soils will be used. IDRISI Taiga software will be used for the indices development. The forested vegetation health will be correlated to the leaf chlorophyll content for determining the vegetation health with a subsequent derivation of available plant water for radiation. Models will be developed to correlate the plant and soil available water to different vegetation indices. Correlation models will also be developed to obtain information on climatic parameters like surface air temperature, net radiation, albedo, soil moisture content, and stomatal water availability from Landsat imageries. On-site weather parameters used for the PET estimates will be combined with other vegetation parameters like leaf area index (LAI) obtained using LIDAR data and NAIP orthophotos of different seasons. That will also help detect the upper and understory vegetation. The LIDAR data will be processed to obtain the volume of vegetation to correctly estimate the total ET for each treatment.

Effects of thinning on hydrology and water quality of a drained pine forest in coastal North Carolina

Treesearch

D.M. Amatya; R.W. Skaggs

2008-01-01

A study was conducted to examine the effects of commercial thinning on hydrology and water quality of a 28-year old (in 2002) drained loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation watershed (D3) using another adjacent watershed (D1) as a control. A paired watershed approach was used with data from two periods (1988-90 and 2000-02) for calibration and data from 2002-07 as...

Comparing Planting Tools for Container Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

Daniel J. Leduc; James D. Haywood; Shi-Jean Susana Sung

2011-01-01

We examined if compressing the soil to make a planting hole with a custom-built, solid round dibble versus coring the soil with a commercially available tube dibble influenced container-grown longleaf pine seedling development differently. Seven teen months after planting, the planting tool did not significantly affect root collar diameter, shoot or root mass, root-to-...

Comparing methods of artificially regenerating loblolly and slash pines: container planting, bareroot planting, and spot seeding

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; James P Barnett

1994-01-01

In central Louisiana, loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii,) pines were artificially regenerated by three methods: (1)planting 14-week-old container stock, (2)planting 1+0 bareroot stock, and (3)spot seeding. A common seed source was use for each species for all regeneration...

Seeding and planting pines

Treesearch

Ralph E. Willard; L. Max Schmollinger

1989-01-01

Pines that occur naturally in parts of the region, as well as those that do not, have been introduced throughout. Pines usually produce greater volumes of wood faster than hardwoods, but in many parts of the region there is no market for pine stumpage or logs. Aside from wood production, pines are established for Christmas trees, windbreaks, landscaping, erosion...

Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on planted longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; G.Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Benjamin O. Knapp

2012-01-01

A field study was installed to test silvicultural treatments for establishing longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill) in loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands. Harvesting was used to create seven canopy treatments, four with uniformly distributed canopies at different residual basal areas [Control (16.2 m2/ha),...

Effects of herbaceous and woody plant control on Pinus palustris growth and foliar nutrients through six growing seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2005-01-01

To determine if either herbaceous or woody plants are more competitive with longleaf pine (Pinuspalustris P. Mill.) seedlings, two vegetation management treatments-herbaceous plant control (HPC, No or Yes) and woody plant control (WPC, No or Yes) were applied in newly established longleaf pine plantings in a randomized complete block 2 x 2 factorial...

Impact Assessment of Pine Wilt Disease Using the Species Distribution Model and the CLIMEX Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

KIM, J. U.; Jung, H.

2016-12-01

The plant disease triangle consists of the host plant, pathogen and environment, but their interaction has not been considered in climate change adaptation policy. Our objectives are to predict the changes of a coniferous forest, pine wood nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and pine sawyer beetles (Monochamus spp.), which is a cause of pine wilt disease in the Republic of Korea. We analyzed the impact of pine wilt disease on climate change by using the species distribution model (SDM) and the CLIMEX model. Area of coniferous forest will decline and move to northern and high-altitude area. But pine wood nematodes and pine sawyer beetles are going to spread because they are going to be in a more favorable environment in the future. Coniferous forests are expected to have high vulnerability because of the decrease in area and the increase in the risk of pine wilt disease. Such changes to forest ecosystems will greatly affect climate change in the future. If effective and appropriate prevention and control policies are not implemented, coniferous forests will be severely damaged. An adaptation policy should be created in order to protect coniferous forests from the viewpoint of biodiversity. Thus we need to consider the impact assessment of climate change for establishing an effective adaptation policy. The impact assessment of pine wilt disease using a plant disease triangle drew suitable results to support climate change adaptation policy.

Seed origin and size of ponderosa pine planting stock grown at several California nurseries

Treesearch

Frank J. Baron; Gilbert H. Schubert

1963-01-01

Ponderosa pine planting stock (1-0 and 2-0) grown from five different seed collection zones in the California pine region differed noticeably in size. On the west side of the Sierra Nevada, seeds from zones above 4,000 feet yielded smaller seedlings than those from lower zones, but larger seedlings than those from east-side sources. Average dimensions (seedling weight...

Biomass estimates of small diameter planted and natural-origin loblolly pines show major departures from the National Biomass Estimator equations

Treesearch

Jamie Schuler; Don C. Bragg; Kristin McElligott

2017-01-01

As southern pine forests (both planted and naturally regenerated) are more heavily used to provide biomass for the developing energy sectors and carbon sequestration, a better understanding of models used to characterize regional biomass estimates is needed. We harvested loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) between 0.5 and 15 cm dbh from several...

Growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) related to forest floor consumption by prescribed fire in the Southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; James M. Vose; Barton D. Clinton

2002-01-01

Chainsaw felling, burning, and planting of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) have been prescribed on degraded pine/hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachians to improve overstory composition and productivity. The desired future condition of the overstory is a productive pine/hardwood mixture, with white pine, which is resistant to southern pine...

The history of mercury pollution near the Spolana chlor-alkali plant (Neratovice, Czech Republic) as recorded by Scots pine tree rings and other bioindicators

USGS Publications Warehouse

Navrátil, Tomáš; Šimeček, Martin; Shanley, James B.; Rohovec, Jan; Hojdová, Maria; Houška, Jakub

2017-01-01

We assessed > 100 years of mercury (Hg) pollution recorded in the tree rings of Scots Pine near a Czech chlor-alkali plant operating since 1941. Hg concentrations in tree rings increased with the launching of plant operations and decreased when Hg emissions decreased in 1975 due to an upgrade in production technology. Similar to traditional bioindicators of pollution such as pine needles, bark and forest floor humus, Hg concentrations in Scots Pine boles decreased with distance from the plant. Mean Hg in pine bole in the 1940s ranged from 32.5 μg/kg Hg at a distance of 0.5 km from the plant to 5.4 μg/kg at a distance of > 4.7 km, where tree ring Hg was the same as at a reference site, and other bioindicators also suggest that the effect of the plant was no longer discernible. Tree ring Hg concentrations decreased by 8–29 μg/kg since the 1940s at all study sites including the reference site. The lack of exact correspondence between changes at the plant and tree ring Hg indicated some smearing of the signal due to lateral translocation of Hg from sapwood to heartwood. Bole Hg concentrations reflected local and regional atmospheric Hg concentrations, and not Hg wet deposition.

Deer browse growth reduced by pine overstory

Treesearch

Lowell K. Halls

1974-01-01

Twig growth of young browse plants growing in the open was several times greater than that of plants beneath pine trees. The difference was most pronounced when plants were youngest. Most twig growth was within reach of deer (below 5 feet) until plants were 5 or 6 years old, but the proportion decreased with age for tall shrubs and small trees. Although twigs...

Native mycorrhizal fungi replace introduced fungal species on Virginia pine and American chestnut planted on reclaimed mine sites of Ohio

Treesearch

Shivanand Hiremath; Kirsten Lehtoma; Jenise M. Bauman

2014-01-01

Plant-microbe community dynamics influence the natural succession of plant species where pioneer vegetation facilitates the establishment of a distantly related, later successional plant species. This has been observed in the case of restoration of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata) on abandoned mine land where Virginia pine (Pinus...

Herbaceous weed control in an old-field planted longleaf pine stand

Treesearch

Bryan C. McElvany; E. David Dickens; Philip R. Torrance

2006-01-01

Abstract—Over 110,000 acres of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) have been planted on old fields in Georgia since 1998 in the Conservation Reserve Program (CRP). Part of the CRP guidelines mandate that no more than 500 trees acre-1 are planted. This relatively low planting density, coupled with shade intolerance and high cost of containerized...

Planting Pine in the Carolina Sandhills

Treesearch

Robert D. Shipman

1958-01-01

The man who is going to plant pine in the Sandhills will inevitablv ask himself, "When shall I plant? What species will I choose? How do I plant them? What are the chances for survival?" These have been some of the knotty questions asked by foresters and landowners for many years in the adverse Sandhill sites. Now, after 4 years of intensive regeneration...

Tip moth control and loblolly pine growth in intensive pine culture: four year results

Treesearch

David L. Kulhavy; Jimmie L. Yeiser; L. Allen Smith

2006-01-01

Twenty-two treatments replicated four times were applied to planted loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., on bedded industrial forest land in east Texas for measurement of growth impact of Nantucket pine tip moth (NPTM), Rhyacionia frustrana Comstock, and effects on pine growth over 2 years. Treatments were combinations of Velpar®,...

Comparison of windthrow damage among thinned and unthinned hardwoods and adjacent pine stands following a late winter tornado on the Cumberland Plateau near Sewanee, TN

Treesearch

Karen Kuers; Samuel C. Grinstead

2006-01-01

In March, 2004, prior to spring leaf-out, an F0 tornado snapped or uprooted 672 trees across 25 ha of the western margin of the Cumberland Plateau near Sewanee, TN. A ridgeline separated the impacted area into two parts: westward-facing slopes of mature hardwoods and eastward-facing slopes with thinned and unthinned hardwoods, pine stands, and clearcuts. Greatest...

Impact of weed control and fertilization on growth of four species of pine in the Virginia Piedmont

Treesearch

Dzhamal Y. Amishev; Thomas R. Fox

2006-01-01

During 1999, a mixed stand of Virginia pine and hardwoods in the Piedmont of Virginia was clearcut and site prepared by burning. Three replications, containing strips of loblolly pine, shortleaf pine, Virginia pine, and Eastern white pine, were planted at a 3 m x 1.5 m spacing during February to June, 2000. The strips were subsequently split to accommodate four...

Impact of initial spacing on yield per acre and wood quality of unthinned loblolly pine at age 21

Treesearch

Alexander, III Clark; Richard F. Daniels; Lewis Jordan; Laurie Schimleck

2010-01-01

The market for southern pine first thinnings is soft. Thus, forest managers are planting at wider spacings, and using weed control and fertilization to grow chipping-saw and sawtimber trees in shorter rotations. A 21-year-old unthinned spacing study was sampled to determine the effect of initial spacing on wood quality and yield per acre of planted loblolly pine (

An updated whole stand growth and yield system for planted longleaf pine in southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks; Steven B. Jack

2016-01-01

An updated whole stand growth and yield system for planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) was developed from permanent plot data collected annually over a 13 to 16 year period. The data set consists of 15 intensively managed longleaf pine plantations that are located in Lee, Worth, Mitchell, and Baker counties in southwest Georgia. Stand survival, dominant height,...

Controlling Herbaceous Competition in Pasture Planted with Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1995-01-01

Three treatments designed to control herbaceous vegetation competing with loblolly pine(Pinus taeda L.) seedlings planted in grazed and ungrazed pasture were tested. Effects of the treatments on seedling survival and growth during the first 3 years after planting were determined. The treatments were directed application of herbicides (glyphosate in...

Plants of the Caloosa Experimental Range

Treesearch

J.B. Hilmon

1964-01-01

The vegetation of southern Florida is poorly described in the literature, and the taxonomy and ecology of the pine-wiregrass type especially has been neglected by plant scientists. These deficiencies in plant knowledge were a serious obstacle when research commenced in 1956 on problems of grazing cutover pine flatwoods at the Caloosa Experimental Range. Since then,...

Volatiles associated with preferred and nonpreferred hosts of the nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana

Treesearch

Christopher Asaro; Brian T. Sullivan; M.J. Dalusky; C. Wayne Berisford

2004-01-01

Ovipositing female Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, prefer loblolly pine, Pinus taeda L., to slash pine, Pinus elliottii Englem. except during the first spring following planting of seedlings. Host discrimination by R. frustrana increases as seedlings develop, suggesting that...

Copper Deficiency in Pine Plantations in the Georgia Coastal Plain

Treesearch

David B. South; William A. Carey; Donald A. Johnson

2004-01-01

Copper deficiencies have been observed on several intensively managed pine plantations in the Georgia Coastal Plain. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) displayed plagiotropic growth within a year after planting on very acid, sandy soils. Typically, symptoms show...

Early Yields Of Slash Pine Planted On a Cutover Site At Various Spacings

Treesearch

W.F. Mann

1971-01-01

Tabulates basal areas, cordwood and cubic-foot volumes, average d.b.h., and diameter distributions for 14-year-old slash pine planted in central Louisiana. Also gives regression equations developed to predict these parameters.

The climatic distribution of blister rust on white pine in Wisconsin

Treesearch

E.P. Van Arsdel; A.J. Riker; T.F. Kouba; V.E. Suomi; R.A. Bryson

1961-01-01

White pine blister rust limits the reproduction of white pine in many areas by killing young trees. In other extensive areas unjustified fear of the disease limits white pine planting. An ability to differentiate the sites on which white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola Fischer) might be serious from those on which the disease might...

Loblolly pine: the ecology and culture of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Robert P. Schultz

1997-01-01

Loblolly pine ranks as a highly valuable tree for its pulp, paper, and lumber products. In the South, loblolly is planted more than any other conifer. Loblolly Pine: The Ecology and Culture of Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) adds to the technical foundations laid by Ashe (1915) and Wahlenberg (1960). Agriculture Handbook 713 encompasses genetics, tree...

Recent trends in the afforestation and reforestation of nonindustrial private pine forests in Alabama

Treesearch

William H. McWilliams

1992-01-01

A shrinking of Alabama's nonindustrial private pine forest prompted an analysis of recent trends in afforestation and regeneration. There has been an 828,100-acre addition to the nonindustrial pine-site timberland base from nonforest land uses. Planting has replaced natural seeding as the major cause of afforestation to pine. The area of nonindustrial pine-site...

Influence of fire on mycorrhizal colonization of planted and natural whitebark pine seedlings: Ecology and management implications

Treesearch

Paul E. Trusty; Cathy L. Cripps

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a threatened keystone species in subalpine zones of Western North America that plays a role in watershed dynamics and maintenance of high elevation biodiversity (Schwandt, 2006). Whitebark pine has experienced significant mortality due to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreaks and successional replacement possibly...

Limber pine seed and seedling planting experiment in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada

Treesearch

Cyndi M. Smith; Graeme Poll; Cameron Gillies; Celina Praymak; Eileen Miranda; Justin Hill

2011-01-01

Limber pine plays an important role in the harsh environments in which it lives, providing numerous ecological services, especially because its large, wingless seeds serve as a high energy food source for many animals. Limber pine populations are declining due to a combination of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, drought, and fire suppression. Outplanting...

Ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming log and habitat use in Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buhler, M.L.; Anderson, S.H.

2001-01-01

We described 15 Ruffed Grouse (Bonasa umbellus) drumming logs and adjacent habitat within Grand Teton National Park, Wyoming. Drumming logs and adjacent habitat differed from 30 random non-drumming sites. Drumming logs had fewer limbs (8; P = 0.003) and a smaller percentage of bark remaining (12%; P = 0.0001). These logs were in advanced stages of decay but were still firm to the touch. Additionally, drumming logs were found close to clearings but in areas with increased amounts of undergrowth and mature trees. Adjacent habitat analysis (0.04-ha circular plot centered on logs) indicated drumming locations had significantly greater average canopy height, more vegetative cover consisting of conifer and total canopy cover, and more vertical foliage between 0.3 m and 3.0 m in height. Adjacent habitat was in advanced stages of maturity as indicated by significant numbers of both large-diameter logs and large-diameter lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) snags. Tree species dominating the canopy and subcanopy were large-diameter Engelmann spruce (Picea engelmannii), lodgepole pine, and quaking aspen. Subalpine fir (Abies lasiocarpa) and quaking aspen saplings were more numerous at used sites. Ruffed Grouse drummed in coniferous areas within close proximity of quaking aspen.

Southwestern Pine Tip Moth

Treesearch

Daniel T. Jennings; Robert E. Stevens

1982-01-01

The southwestern pine tip moth, Rhyacionia neomexicana (Dyar), injures young ponderosa pines (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) in the Southwest, central Rockies, and midwestern plains. Larvae feed on and destroy new, expanding shoots, often seriously reducing terminal growth of both naturally regenerated and planted pines. The tip moth is especially damaging to trees on...

Fire Monitoring: Effects of Scorch in Louisiana's Pine Forests

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Mary Anne Sword; Finis L. Harris

2004-01-01

Frequent growing-season burning is essential for restoring longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plant communities to open parklike landscapes. However, fire can be a destructive force, reducing productivity and causing mortality among overstory longleaf pine trees. On two central Louisiana sites, severe crown scorch reduced longleaf pine diameter...

Mechanized row-thinning systems in slash pine plantations

Treesearch

Walter C. Anderson; James E. Granskog

1974-01-01

Over the next decade or two, most of the 15 to 20 million acres of pine plantations in the South will become ready for a first commercial thinning. The magnitude and nature of the job is illustrated by the situation in slash pine-the most extensively planted of the southern pines.

Direction of interaction between mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and resource-sharing wood-boring beetles depends on plant parasite infection.

PubMed

Klutsch, Jennifer G; Najar, Ahmed; Cale, Jonathan A; Erbilgin, Nadir

2016-09-01

Plant pathogens can have cascading consequences on insect herbivores, though whether they alter competition among resource-sharing insect herbivores is unknown. We experimentally tested whether the infection of a plant pathogen, the parasitic plant dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum), on jack pine (Pinus banksiana) altered the competitive interactions among two groups of beetles sharing the same resources: wood-boring beetles (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) and the invasive mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). We were particularly interested in identifying potential mechanisms governing the direction of interactions (from competition to facilitation) between the two beetle groups. At the lowest and highest disease severity, wood-boring beetles increased their consumption rate relative to feeding levels at moderate severity. The performance (brood production and feeding) of mountain pine beetle was negatively associated with wood-boring beetle feeding and disease severity when they were reared separately. However, when both wood-boring beetles and high severity of plant pathogen infection occurred together, mountain pine beetle escaped from competition and improved its performance (increased brood production and feeding). Species-specific responses to changes in tree defense compounds and quality of resources (available phloem) were likely mechanisms driving this change of interactions between the two beetle groups. This is the first study demonstrating that a parasitic plant can be an important force in mediating competition among resource-sharing subcortical insect herbivores.

Site preparation burning to improve southern Appalachian pine-hardwood stands: photosynthesis, water relations, and growth of planted Pinus strobus during establishment

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; James M. Vose

1993-01-01

Fire is now prescribed as a silvicultural treatment to restore low-diversity, low-productivity sites in southern Appalachian forests.Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is then planted on many of these sites to provide a mixed pine-oak forest type (see Swift et al. 1993).Fire reduces sprout vigor, which delays growth of Kalmia latifolia L., a common understory shrub...

Effects of competing vegetation on growth of loblolly pine plantations in the West Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Dean W. Coble

2015-01-01

Competing woody vegetation negatively affects the growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees by seizing site resources that otherwise would be used by the planted trees (Burkhart and Sprinz 1984).

Dynamics of planted cherrybark oak seedlings and yellow-poplar from seed following a regeneration clearcut

Treesearch

Wayne K. Clatterbuck

2011-01-01

A bottomland loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) stand originating from an early 1940s planting on a minor stream bottom of the Coastal Plain in west Tennessee was harvested in 1992 and allowed to regenerate to hardwoods. Although the pines had been planted, a few naturally regenerated yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera) and sweetgum...

Effect of Light Availability on the Interaction between Maritime Pine and the Pine Weevil: Light Drives Insect Feeding Behavior But Also the Defensive Capabilities of the Host

PubMed Central

Suárez-Vidal, Estefanía; López-Goldar, Xosé; Sampedro, Luis; Zas, Rafael

2017-01-01

Light is a major environmental factor that may determine the interaction between plants and herbivores in several ways, including top-down effects through changes in herbivore behavior and bottom-up effects mediated by alterations of plant physiology. Here we explored the relative contribution of these two regulation processes to the outcome of the interaction of pine trees with a major forest pest, the pine weevil (Hylobius abietis). We studied to what extent light availability influence insect feeding behavior and/or the ability of pines to produce induced defenses in response to herbivory. For this purpose, 3-year old Pinus pinaster plants from three contrasting populations were subjected to 6 days of experimental herbivory by the pine weevil under two levels of light availability (complete darkness or natural sunlight) independently applied to the plant and to the insect in a fully factorial design. Light availability strongly affected the pine weevil feeding behavior. The pine weevil fed more and caused larger feeding scars in darkness than under natural sunlight. Besides, under the more intense levels of weevil damage (i.e., those registered with insects in darkness), light availability also affected the pine’s ability to respond to insect feeding by producing induced resin defenses. These results were consistent across the three studied populations despite they differed in weevil susceptibility and inducibility of defenses. Morocco was the most damaged population and the one that induced more defensive compounds. Overall, results indicate that light availability modulates the outcome of the pine–weevil interactions through both bottom-up and top-down regulation mechanisms. PMID:28912787

Silvicultural treatments for converting loblolly pine to longleaf pine dominance: Effects on resource availability and their relationships with planted longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; G.Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Benjamin O. Knapp

2012-01-01

Throughout the southeastern United States, land managers are currently interested in converting loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations to species rich longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystems. In a 3-year study on moderately well- to well-drained soils of the Lower Coastal Plain in North Carolina, we examined the...

Documentation and user guides for SPBLOB: a computer simulation model of the join population dynamics for loblolly pine and the southern pine beetle

Treesearch

John Bishir; James Roberds; Brian Strom; Xiaohai Wan

2009-01-01

SPLOB is a computer simulation model for the interaction between loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.), the economically most important forest crop in the United States, and the southern pine beetle (SPB: Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm.), the major insect pest for this species. The model simulates loblolly pine stands from time of planting...

Thirteen Year Loblolly Pine Growth Following Machine Application of Cut-Stump Treament Herbicides For Hardwood Stump-Sprout Control

Treesearch

Clyde G. Vidrine; John C. Adams

2002-01-01

Thirteen year growth results of 1-0 out-planted loblolly pine seedlings on nonintensively prepared up-land mixed pine-hardwood sites receiving machine applied cut-stump treatment (CST) herbicides onto hardwood stumps at the time of harvesting is presented. Plantation pine growth shows significantly higher growth for pine in the CST treated plots compared to non-CST...

Root growth and hydraulic conductivity of southern pine seedlings in response to soil temperature and water availability after planting

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer; John C. Brissette; James P. Barnett

2005-01-01

Comparison of the root system growth and water transport of southern pine species after planting in different root-zone environments is needed to guide decisions regarding when, and what species to plant. Evaluation of how seed source affects root system responses to soil conditions will allow seed sources to be matched to planting conditions. The root growth and...

Recovery plan for Scots pine blister rust caused by Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Winter and Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lév. [syn. C. asclepiadeum (Willd.) Fr., Endocronartium pini (Pers.) Y. Hiratsuka

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim; Pauline Spaine; Bryce A. Richardson; Paul J. Zambino; Charles G. Shaw; James Walla; Russ Bulluck; Laura Redmond; Kent Smith

2009-01-01

The sexually reproducing form of Scots pine blister rust, C. flaccidum, completes its life cycle alternating between pines of the subgenus Pinus and seed-plants of various families. Scots pine blister rust is also caused by a form of the rust that spreads directly from pine to pine and is named, Peridermium pini...

Species comparison of the physical properties of loblolly and slash pine wood and bark

Treesearch

Thomas L. Eberhardt; Joseph Dahlen; Laurence Schimleck

2017-01-01

Composition of the southern pine forest is now predominated by two species, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm.), owing to fire suppression activities, natural regeneration on abandoned agricultural lands, and extensive planting. Comparison of the wood and bark physical properties of these...

75 FR 2157 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; Permits; Timber Harvest in Williamsburg County, SC

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-14

... species' use of live pines may have evolved in response to living in a fire-maintained ecosystem where... declined primarily due to conversion of mature pine forests to young pine plantations, agricultural fields... wetlands, pine flatwoods, and agricultural fields, which are currently the only remaining foraging habitat...

Disturbance from southern pine beetle, suppression, and wildfire affects vegetation composition in central Louisiana: a case study

Treesearch

T.W. Coleman; Alton Martin; J.R. Meeker

2010-01-01

We assessed plant composition and forest succession following tree mortality from infestation of southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis), associated suppression, and wildfire in two forest types, pine (Pinus spp.) with mixed hardwood and longleaf pine (P. palustris). In this case study, vegetation was...

Ecology of southwestern ponderosa pine forests

Treesearch

William H. Moir; Brian W. Geils; Mary Ann Benoit; Dan Scurlock

1997-01-01

Ponderosa pine forests are important because of their wide distribution, commercial value, and because they provide habitat for many plants and animals. Ponderosa pine forests are noted for their variety of passerine birds resulting from variation in forest composition and structure modified by past and present human use. Subsequent chapters discuss how ponderosa pine...

Lodgepole Pine Dwarf Mistletoe

Treesearch

Frank G. Hawksworth; Oscar J. Dooling

1984-01-01

Lodgepole pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium americanum Nutt. ex Engelm.) is a native, parasitic, seed plant that occurs essentially throughout the range of lodgepole pine in North America. It is the most damaging disease agent in lodgepole pine, causing severe growth loss and increased tree mortality. Surveys in the Rocky Mountains show that the parasite is found in...

Pine growth and plant community response to chemical vs. mechanical site preparation for establishing loblolly and slash pine

Treesearch

James H. Miller; Zhijuan Qiu

1995-01-01

Chemical and mechanical site preparation methods were studied for establishing loblolly (Pinus taeda L) and slash (P. elliottii var. elliottii Engelm.) pine following both integrated fuelwood-pulpwood harvesting and conventional whole-tree harvesting of pines and hardwoods in southem Alabama's Middle Coastal...

Eastern Pine Shoot Borer

Treesearch

Louis F. Wilson

1978-01-01

The eastern pineshoot borer Eucosma gloriola Heinrich 2, also known as the white pine tip moth, American pine shoot moth, white pine shoot borer, and Tordeuse americaine, du pin, injures young conifers in Northeastern North America. Because it infests the new shoots of sapling conifers, this insect is particularly destructive on planted trees destined for the Christmas...

Pine-hardwood mixtures--a new concept in regeneration

Treesearch

Douglas R. Phillips; James A. Abercrombie

1986-01-01

Spring felling of standing residuals left after a commercial clearcut, controlled burning the following summer, and hand planting of approximately 450 pine seedlings per acre can produce productive pine-hardwood mixtures on many medium sites in the Southeast. Stand establishment costs are approximately one-half that for conventional pine plantations using intensive...

Lesser cornstalk borer

Treesearch

Wayne N. Dixon; Albert E. Mayfield

2012-01-01

The lesser cornstalk borer (Elasmopalpus lignosellus) affects seedlings of Arizona cypress, bald cypress, black locust, dogwood, black tupelo, loblolly pine, redcedar, sand pine, slash pine, and sycamore. Agricultural host plants (more than 60 species) include beans, corn, millet, peas, sorghums, and soybeans.

Early plant defence against insect attack: involvement of reactive oxygen species in plant responses to insect egg deposition.

PubMed

Bittner, Norbert; Trauer-Kizilelma, Ute; Hilker, Monika

2017-05-01

Pinus sylvestris responds to insect egg deposition by ROS accumulation linked with reduced activity of the ROS scavenger catalase. Egg mortality in needles with hypersensitive response (HR)-like symptoms is enhanced. Aggressive reactive oxygen species (ROS) play an important role in plant defence against biotic stressors, including herbivorous insects. Plants may even generate ROS in response to insect eggs, thus effectively fighting against future larval herbivory. However, so far nothing is known on how ROS-mediated plant defence against insect eggs is enzymatically regulated. Neither do we know how insects cope with egg-induced plant ROS. We addressed these gaps of knowledge by studying the activities of ROS-related enzymes in Pinus sylvestris deposited with eggs of the herbivorous sawfly Diprion pini. This species cuts a slit into pine needles and inserts its eggs into the needle tissue. About a quarter of egg-deposited needles show chlorotic tissue at the oviposition sites, indicating hypersensitive response-like direct defence responses resulting in reduced larval hatching from eggs. Hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase sensitive staining of sections of egg-deposited pine needles revealed the presence of hydrogen peroxide and peroxidase activity in needle tissue close to the eggs. Activity of ROS-producing NADPH-oxidase did not increase after egg deposition. However, the activity of the ROS-detoxifying enzyme catalase decreased after egg deposition and ovipositional wounding of needles. These results show that local ROS accumulation at the oviposition site is not caused by increased NADPH-oxidase activity, but reduced activity of pine needle catalase may contribute to it. However, our data suggest that pine sawflies can counteract the egg deposition-induced hydrogen peroxide accumulation in pine needles by high catalase activity in their oviduct secretion which is released with the eggs into pine tissue.

Performance of Planted Herbaceous Species in Longleaf Pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) Plantations: Overstory Effects of Competition and Needlefall

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dagley, C.M.

2001-07-03

Research to determine the separate effects of above-ground and below-ground competition and needlefall of over-story pines on under-story plant performance. Periodic monitoring of over-story crown closure, soil water content, temperature, and nutrients were conducted. Results indicate competition for light had a more determental effect on performance of herbaceous species in longleaf pine plantations than that resulting from competition for below-ground resources.

Growth and Hydrologic Influence of European Larch and Red Pine 10 Years After Planting

Treesearch

Alfred Ray Harris; Richard S. Sartz

1972-01-01

Ten years after planting, European larch and red pine diameters averaged 11.2 and 9.6 cm, and heights averaged 9.7 and 5.1 m. Litter on the larch plots was twice as heavy as on the pine and unplanted conrtol plots. Organic carbon content of the top 5 cm of soil appeared to reflect vegetation differences, but soil bulk density did not. The amount of water depleted by...

Aquatic Ecosystem Response to Timber Harvesting for the Purpose of Restoring Aspen

PubMed Central

Jones, Bobette E.; Krupa, Monika; Tate, Kenneth W.

2013-01-01

The removal of conifers through commercial timber harvesting has been successful in restoring aspen, however many aspen stands are located near streams, and there are concerns about potential aquatic ecosystem impairment. We examined the effects of management-scale conifer removal from aspen stands located adjacent to streams on water quality, solar radiation, canopy cover, temperature, aquatic macroinvertebrates, and soil moisture. This 8-year study (2003–2010) involved two projects located in Lassen National Forest. The Pine-Bogard Project consisted of three treatments adjacent to Pine and Bogard Creeks: (i) Phase 1 in January 2004, (ii) Phase 2 in August 2005, and (iii) Phase 3 in January 2008. The Bailey Project consisted of one treatment adjacent to Bailey Creek in September 2006. Treatments involved whole tree removal using track-laying harvesters and rubber tire skidders. More than 80% of all samples analyzed for NO3-N, NH4-N, and PO4-P at Pine, Bogard, and Bailey Creeks were below the detection limit, with the exception of naturally elevated PO4-P in Bogard Creek. All nutrient concentrations (NO3-N, NH4-N, PO4-P, K, and SO4-S) showed little variation within streams and across years. Turbidity and TSS exhibited annual variation, but there was no significant increase in the difference between upstream and downstream turbidity and TSS levels. There was a significant decrease in stream canopy cover and increase in the potential fraction of solar radiation reaching the streams in response to the Pine-Bogard Phase 3 and Bailey treatments; however, there was no corresponding increase in stream temperatures. Macroinvertebrate metrics indicated healthy aquatic ecosystem conditions throughout the course of the study. Lastly, the removal of vegetation significantly increased soil moisture in treated stands relative to untreated stands. These results indicate that, with careful planning and implementation of site-specific best management practices, conifer removal to restore aspen stands can be conducted without degrading aquatic ecosystems. PMID:24376826

Neighboring trees affect ectomycorrhizal fungal community composition in a woodland-forest ecotone.

PubMed

Hubert, Nathaniel A; Gehring, Catherine A

2008-09-01

Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EMF) are frequently species rich and functionally diverse; yet, our knowledge of the environmental factors that influence local EMF diversity and species composition remains poor. In particular, little is known about the influence of neighboring plants on EMF community structure. We tested the hypothesis that the EMF of plants with heterospecific neighbors would differ in species richness and community composition from the EMF of plants with conspecific neighbors. We conducted our study at the ecotone between pinyon (Pinus edulis)-juniper (Juniperus monosperma) woodland and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest in northern Arizona, USA where the dominant trees formed associations with either EMF (P. edulis and P. ponderosa) or arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; J. monosperma). We also compared the EMF communities of pinyon and ponderosa pines where their rhizospheres overlapped. The EMF community composition, but not species richness of pinyon pines was significantly influenced by neighboring AM juniper, but not by neighboring EM ponderosa pine. Ponderosa pine EMF communities were different in species composition when growing in association with pinyon pine than when growing in association with a conspecific. The EMF communities of pinyon and ponderosa pines were similar where their rhizospheres overlapped consisting of primarily the same species in similar relative abundance. Our findings suggest that neighboring tree species identity shaped EMF community structure, but that these effects were specific to host-neighbor combinations. The overlap in community composition between pinyon pine and ponderosa pine suggests that these tree species may serve as reservoirs of EMF inoculum for one another.

Air lateral root pruning affects longleaf pine seedling root system morphology

Treesearch

Shi-Jean Susana Sung; Dave Haywood

2016-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings were cultured with air lateral root pruning (side-vented containers, VT) or without (solid-walled containers, SW). Seedling root system morphology and growth were assessed before planting and 8 and 14 months after planting. Although VT seedlings had greater root collar diameter than the SW before planting,...

Planting trials of 10 Mexican pine species in Hawaii

Treesearch

Craig D. Whitesell

1974-01-01

Ten species of Mexican pines were planted on adverse sites at 6450 feet (1970 m) elevation on Maui, and five species on similar sites at 3200 feet (975 m) elevation on Molokai, Hawaii. Initial survival was poor because of the low quality of the planting stock and harsh site conditions, but subsequent mortality was low. Growth and vigor has been satisfactory. Average...

Herbaceous Weed Control Trials with a Planting Machine Sprayer and a Crawler-Tractor Sprayer--Fourth Year Pine Response.

Treesearch

James Miller

1990-01-01

Operational trials of herbaceous weed control treatments by machine application were studied at two southern alabama locations for establishing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda). The first study tested the feasibility of a spray attachment for planting machines to apply banded treatments while planting in February and March. Two rates of sulfometuron (Oust...

Natural reproduction in certain cutover pine-fir stands in California

Treesearch

H.A. Fowells; G.H. Schubert

1951-01-01

Natural reproduction must provide future crops of timber on most of the forest land being placed under management in California. Relatively few acres will be planted or seeded in the near future because planting costs are high, facilities for undertaking large-scale planting are inadequate, and direct seeding has not yet proved satisfactory. In the pine region it is...

Mulching effects of plant fiber and plant fiber-polyester mats combined with fertilizer on loblslly pine seedlings

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; John A. Youngquist

1991-01-01

In this preliminary study, several mattings, combined with and without fertilizer application, were tested around newly planted loblolly, pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings. After 9 months in the field, jute- polyester and jute mats had similar survival rates relitive to controls, but hemlock-po1yvester mats had depressed survival when used in...

White pine in the American West: A vanishing species - can we save it?

Treesearch

Leon F. Neuenschwander; James W. Byler; Alan E. Harvey; Geral I. McDonald; Denise S. Ortiz; Harold L. Osborne; Gerry C. Snyder; Arthur Zack

1999-01-01

Forest scientists ask that everyone, from the home gardener to the forest manager, help revive western white pine by planting it everywhere, even in nonforest environments such as our neighborhood streets, parks, and backyards. White pine, long ago considered the "King Pine," once dominated the moist inland forests of the Northwest, eventually spawning whole...

Nitrogen and Phosphorus Use Efficiency in Stands of Loblolly and Slash Pine

Treesearch

Christopher A. Dicus; Thomas J. Dean

2002-01-01

Nitrogen and phosphorus use efficiency (NUE and PUE, respectively), the annual amount of stemwood produced per unit net N or P used in total aboveground production, were examined in 17-year-old pure stands of unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (Pinus elliottii Englem.) planted at two spacings. Slash pine stands...

Direct seeding of shortleaf pine

Treesearch

Corinne S. Mann; David Gwaze

2007-01-01

Direct seeding is a potentially viable method for regenerating shortleaf pine, but it has not been used extensively. In Missouri, an estimated 10,000 acres have been direct-seeded with shortleaf pine; half of which are at Mark Twain National Forest. Direct seeding offers a flexible and efficient alternative to planting as a way to restore shortleaf pine in the Ozarks....

Examining possible causes of mortality in white pine seedlings

Treesearch

Elizabeth Gilles; Ronald Reitz; Greg Hoss; David. Gwaze

2011-01-01

White pine (Pinus strobus L.) is one of the most important timber trees in the northeastern United States and eastern Canada (Demeritt and Garrett 1996). White pine is not native to Missouri; it is commonly planted for wind breaks and erosion control and as an ornamental. Unusual mortality of bare-root seedlings of white pine purchased from the...

The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem of the South

Treesearch

Kenneth W. Outcalt

2000-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris P. Mill. [Pinaceae]) was the most prevalent pine type in the southern US Stands of longleaf were also habitat for a vast array of plant species. Decades of timber harvest followed by conversion to agriculture, urban development, or to other pine species, have reduced longleaf dominated areas to less than 5% of its...

Laboratory evaluation of plant-derived antifeedants against the pine weevil Hylobius abietis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)

Treesearch

Kier D. Klepzig; Fredrik Schlyter

1999-01-01

The authors assayed 12 plant-derived and 1 insect-produced allelochemicals-verbenone, borneol, bornyl acetate, carvone, cucurbitacin, myrcene, limonin, 4-allyanisole, a- pinene, ß-pinene, limonene, and coumarin-for inhibition of feeding by the pine weevil Hylobius abietis L...

Mixtures For Weed Control in Newly Planted Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

J.L. Michael

1987-01-01

Imazapyr, metsulfuron methyl, imazapyr plus metsulfuron methyl, and hexazinone plus metsulfuron methyl were aerially applied over newly planted and 1-year-old loblolly pine seedlings for the control of blackberry (Rubus species), composites (Compositae), sumac (Rhus copallina L.), and trumpet vine [Campsis radicans...

Antibiotics Do Not Control Blister Rust in Eastern White Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1968-01-01

To prevent blister rust infections in Eastern white pine seedlings, the antibiotics, cycloheximide (acti-dione) and Phytoactin, were tested in root dips, root slurries, and foliar drenches before planting and after planting the trees. None of the methods and materials tested was effective.

Growth and performance of loblolly pine genetic planting stock through eight years

Treesearch

Randall J. Rousseau; Scott D. Roberts; Billy L. Herrin

2016-01-01

Currently, the need in the pine market is to develop higher sawtimber quality trees. The pine biomass and pulpwood market supports the low end of the product chain. However, we must improve on the quality of the southern pine for construction lumber if the southern region is expected to capture the shortfall of the sawtimber market expected in the future. Various pine...

The effects of planting density and cultural intensity on loblolly pine crown characteristics at age twelve

Treesearch

Madison Akers; Michael Kane; Robert Teskey; Richard Daniels; Dehai Zhao; Santosh Subedi

2012-01-01

Twelve-year old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) stands were analyzed for the effects of planting density and cultural intensity on tree and crown attributes. Four study installations were located in the Piedmont and Upper Coastal Plain regions of the U.S. South. The treatments included six planting densities (740, 1480, 2220, 2960, 3700, 4440 trees...

Insects Affecting Seed Production of Slash and Longleaf Pines

Treesearch

Bernard H. Ebel

1963-01-01

Tree planting rates in the South have rocketed over the past three decades, and the area now leads the nation in plantation establishment. During 1960 over a half-million acres were planted in the states of Georgia and Florida alone. Such extensive planting, mainly of pines, has brought in its train a need for more seed and better seed. Each year the demand...

Survival and growth of two intensively cultured jack pine provenances raised in Tubepak and Jiffy 7 containers

Treesearch

J. Zavitkovski; Howard M. Phipps

1983-01-01

Container type, provenance, and spacing affect survival, height and d.b.h, growth, and biomass production of intensively cultured jack pine. The Lower Michigan provenance and Tubepak grown plants performed better than the local (Wisconsin) provenance and plants raised in Jiffy 7 pellets. At age 5, biomass of Tubepak plantings was more than 100% higher than that of...

Plant Survival and Mortality during Drought Can be Mediated by Co-occurring Species' Physiological and Morphological Traits: Results from a Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tai, X.; Mackay, D. S.

2015-12-01

Interactions among co-occurring species are mediated by plant physiology, morphology and environment. Without proper mechanisms to account for these factors, it remains difficult to predict plant mortality/survival under changing climate. A plant ecophysiological model, TREES, was extended to incorporate co-occurring species' belowground interaction for water. We used it to examine the interaction between two commonly co-occurring species during drought experiment, pine (Pinus edulis) and juniper (Juniperus monosperma), with contrasting physiological traits (vulnerability to cavitation and leaf water potential regulation). TREES was parameterized and validated using field-measured plant physiological traits. The root architecture (depth, profile, and root area to leaf area ratio) of juniper was adjusted to see how root morphology could affect the survival/mortality of its neighboring pine under both ambient and drought conditions. Drought suppressed plant water and carbon uptake, as well increased the average percentage loss of conductivity (PLC). Pine had 59% reduction in water uptake, 48% reduction in carbon uptake, and 38% increase in PLC, while juniper had 56% reduction in water uptake, 50% reduction in carbon and 29% increase in PLC, suggesting different vulnerability to drought as mediated by plant physiological traits. Variations in juniper root architecture further mediated drought stress on pine, from negative to positive. Different juniper root architecture caused variations in response of pine over drought (water uptake reduction ranged 0% ~63%, carbon uptake reduction ranged 0% ~ 70%, and PLC increase ranged 2% ~ 91%). Deeper or more uniformly distributed roots of juniper could effectively mitigate stress experienced by pine. In addition, the total water and carbon uptake tended to increase as the ratio of root area to leaf area increased while PLC showed non-monotonic response, suggesting the potential trade-off between maximizing resource uptake and susceptibility to cavitation. The results showed that co-occurring species' morphological traits could alleviate or aggravate stress imposed by drought and should therefore be considered together with plant physiological traits in predicting plant mortality and ecosystem structural shift under future climate conditions.

76 FR 22670 - Black Hills National Forest, Hell Canyon Ranger District, South Dakota, Vestal Project

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

... landscape condition that reduces the potential for high severity wildfire adjacent to the at-risk community... density of pine trees and create a mosaic of structural stages across the landscape. Both commercial...

Competing vegetation in ponderosa pine plantations: ecology and control

Treesearch

Philip M. McDonald; Gary O. Fiddler

1989-01-01

Planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws. var. ponderosa) seedlings in young plantations in California are at a disadvantage compared with competing shrubs, forbs, and grasses. In many instances, roots of competing plants begin expanding and exploiting the soil earlier and in greater numbers, thereby capturing the...

Invasive pathogen threatens bird-pine mutualism: implications for sustaining a high-elevation ecosystem.

PubMed

McKinney, Shawn T; Fiedler, Carl E; Tomback, Diana F

2009-04-01

Human-caused disruptions to seed-dispersal mutualisms increase the extinction risk for both plant and animal species. Large-seeded plants can be particularly vulnerable due to highly specialized dispersal systems and no compensatory regeneration mechanisms. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a keystone subalpine species, obligately depends upon the Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) for dispersal of its large, wingless seeds. Clark's Nutcracker, a facultative mutualist with whitebark pine, is sensitive to rates of energy gain, and emigrates from subalpine forests during periods of cone shortages. The invasive fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola, which causes white pine blister rust, reduces whitebark pine cone production by killing cone-bearing branches and trees. Mortality from blister rust reaches 90% or higher in some whitebark pine forests in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA, and the rust now occurs nearly rangewide in whitebark pine. Our objectives were to identify the minimum level of cone production necessary to elicit seed dispersal by nutcrackers and to determine how cone production is influenced by forest structure and health. We quantified forest conditions and ecological interactions between nutcrackers and whitebark pine in three Rocky Mountain ecosystems that differ in levels of rust infection and mortality. Both the frequency of nutcracker occurrence and probability of seed dispersal were strongly related to annual whitebark pine cone production, which had a positive linear association with live whitebark pine basal area, and negative linear association with whitebark pine tree mortality and rust infection. From our data, we estimated that a threshold level of approximately 1000 cones/ha is needed for a high likelihood of seed dispersal by nutcrackers (probability > or = 0.7), and that this level of cone production can be met by forests with live whitebark pine basal area > 5.0 m2/ha. The risk of mutualism disruption is greatest in northern most Montana (USA), where three-year mean cone production and live basal area fell below predicted threshold levels. There, nutcracker occurrence, seed dispersal, and whitebark pine regeneration were the lowest of the three ecosystems. Managers can use these threshold values to differentiate between restoration sites requiring planting of rust-resistant seedlings and sites where nutcracker seed dispersal can be expected.

Nematicidal activity of plant essential oils and components from coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis), and valerian (Valeriana wallichii) essential oils against pine wood nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus).

PubMed

Kim, Junheon; Seo, Sun-Mi; Lee, Sang-Gil; Shin, Sang-Chul; Park, Il-Kwon

2008-08-27

Commercial essential oils from 28 plant species were tested for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. Good nematicidal activity against B. xylophilus was achieved with essential oils of coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis), and valerian (Valeriana wallichii). Analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry led to the identification of 26, 11, and 4 major compounds from coriander (Coriandrum sativum), Oriental sweetgum (Liquidambar orientalis), and valerian (Valeriana wallichii) oils, respectively. Compounds from each plant essential oil were tested individually for their nematicidal activities against the pine wood nematode. Among the compounds, benzaldehyde, trans-cinnamyl alcohol, cis-asarone, octanal, nonanal, decanal, trans-2-decenal, undecanal, dodecanal, decanol, and trans-2-decen-1-ol showed strong nematicidal activity. The essential oils described herein merit further study as potential nematicides against the pine wood nematode.

Cultural Resource Inventory of Lands in and Adjacent to the City of Rochester, Minnesota Flood Control Project on the South Fork Zumbro River,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-14

the area directly east of present- day Rochester contained fire-maintained oak openings and barrens . This area consisted of oak groves or single trees...Archaeological Survey of Lands Adjacent to the Pine River Reservoir; University of Minnesota and St. Paul District Corps of Engineers; Archaeological Field...Archaeological Field Services, Inc.; Principal Investigator. 1980 An Archaeological Reconnaissance Survey of the Harrison Hills Project, Plymouth , Hennepin

Tree planters notes. Volume 43, Number 3, Summer 1992. Quarterly report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mangold, R.; Nisley, R.; Karrfalt, R.

Contents: survival and growth of planted alaska-cedar seedling in southeast southeast alaska; propagation of loblolly, slash, and longleaf pine from needle fascicles; moisture determination on seeds of honeylocust and mimosa; performance of himalayan blue pine in the northeastern united states; advantages of an effective weed control program for populus hybrids; pales weevil: a serious threat to longleaf pine production; costs and cost component trends of trends of hand and machine planting in the southern united states (1952 to 1990); comparison of a drill-type seeder and a vacuum-drum precision seeder in a virginia loblolly pine nursery; missoula technology and development center'smore » nursery and reforestation programs.« less

Using landscape genetics simulations for planting blister rust resistant whitebark pine in the US northern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Erin L. Landguth; Zachary A. Holden; Mary F. Mahalovich; Samuel A. Cushman

2017-01-01

Recent population declines to the high elevation western North America foundation species whitebark pine, have been driven by the synergistic effects of the invasive blister rust pathogen, mountain pine beetle (MPB), fire exclusion, and climate change. This has led to consideration for listing whitebark pine (WBP) as a threatened or endangered species under the...

Using Historical Temperature Records To Adjust The Federal Quarantine Of The Pine Shoot Beetle

Treesearch

Robert A. Haack; Poland M. Therese; Warren E. Heilman

1998-01-01

In 1992, a federal quarantine was imposed by the United States Department of Agriculture (USDA)Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS) on the movement of pine from infested counties to uninfested counties within the US (Haack 1997; Haack et al. 1997). The Tomicus quarantine allows for the movement of pine logs, pine Christmas trees, and...

The role of cell membranes in the regulation of lignification in pine cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hendrix, D. L.

1978-01-01

The identity of pine cell membranes bearing PAL enzyme activity, the isolation of a plasma membrane preparation from pine cells for testing as a regulatory barrier in lignification, and the measurement of the geopotential effect in pine stems are presented. A model to describe and predict the interaction of gravity and lignification of higher plants was developed.

Initial Wildlife Habitat Responses to Alternative Forest Regeneration Methods in the Ouachita Mountains

Treesearch

Ronald E. Thill; Roger W. Perry; Nancy E. Koerth; Philip A. Tappe; David G. Peitz

2004-01-01

In conjunction with phase II bird and small mammal studies, we measured an array of habitat features in 20 stands representing 4 replications of 4 pine regeneration treatments (clearcut/plant, pine-hardwood shelterwood, pine-hardwood single-tree selection, and pine-hardwood group selection) plus 4 untreated controls. At study initiation, all stands were > 60 years...

Impact of pine tip moth attack on loblolly pine

Treesearch

Roy Hedden

1999-01-01

Data on the impact of Nantucket pine tip moth, Rhyacionia frustrana, attack on the height of loblolly pine, Pinus taeda, in the first three growing seasons after planting from three locations in eastern North Carolina (U.S.A.) was used to develop multiple linear regression models relating tree height to tip moth infestation level in each growing season. These models...

Fire managers field guide: hazardous fuels management in subtropical pine flatwoods and tropical pine rocklands

Treesearch

Joseph J. O’Brien; Kathryn A. Mordecai; Leslie Wolcott

2010-01-01

This publication is a field guide to tactics and techniques for dealing with hazardous fuels in subtropical pine flatwoods and tropical pine rocklands. The guide covers prescribed fire, mechanical, chemical, and other means for reducing and managing wildland fuels in these systems. Also, a list of exotic plants that contribute to hazardous fuel problems is included...

Influence of deer, cattle grazing and timber harvest on plant species diversity in a longleaf pine bluestem ecosystem

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Clifford E. Lewis

2003-01-01

Despite a recent slowing in the negative historical trend, losses of naturally-regenerated longleaf pine forests currently continue, largely as a result of conversion to plantations of faster growing pine species. Comparing the impacts of type conversion with silvicultural approaches that maintain longleaf pine and ascertaining their interaction with the influence of...

Effect of initial planting spacing on wood properties of unthinned loblolly pine at age 21

Treesearch

Alexander III Clark; Lewis Jordan; Laurie Schimleck; Richard F. Daniels

2008-01-01

Young, fast growing, intensively managed plantation loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) contains a large proportion of juvenile wood that may not have the stiffness required to meet the design requirements for southern pine dimension lumber. An unthinned loblolly pine spacing study was sampled to determine the effect of initial spacing on wood stiffness,...

Commandra Blister Rust

Treesearch

David W. Johnson

1986-01-01

Commandra blister rust is a disease of hard pines that is caused by a fungus growing in the inner bark. The fungus (Cronartium commandrae Pk.) has a complex life cycle. It infects hard pines but needs an alternate host, an unrelated plant, to spread from one pine to another.

The effect of landform and plant size on mortallity and recovery of longleaf pine during a 100-year loog1

Treesearch

Brain J. Palik; William K. Michener; Robert J. Mitchell; Joseph W. Jones

1999-01-01

Unlike annual floods, large floods affect plant species outside of bottomland ecosystems. We know little about the effects of catastrophic floods on upland plants because of the rarity of this type of disturbance. Here we report on mortality and vegetative recovery of upland longleaf pines (Pinus palustris) after a large flood. The flood top-killed most seedlings...

Age classes of western white pine planting stock in relation to aspect of planting site in northern Idaho

Treesearch

W. G. Wahlenberg

1926-01-01

In the northern Rocky Mountain region there are vast areas of forest land denuded by fire, which will remain virtually unproductive for generations to come unless planted by hand with nursery-grown trees. After the first sweep of fire through the original stands of western white pine timber (Pinus monticola) on these lands, the forest in most instances started to come...

Diameter-height and crown relationships for loblolly pine from North Carolina and Oklahoma-Arkansas seed sources near the western edge of the natural range

Treesearch

Thomas B. Lynch; Rodney E. Will; Thomas C. Hennessey; Robert Heinemann; Randal Holeman; Dennis Wilson; Keith Anderson; Gregory Campbell

2013-01-01

In southeastern Oklahoma, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) has been planted extensively outside the western boundary of its natural range. Furthermore, many plantings have been based on seed sources such as North Carolina Coastal (NCC) rather than Oklahoma-Arkansas (OA). NCC plantings are also frequent in nearby areas of Oklahoma and Arkansas which are...

Common Plants of Longleaf Pine-Bluestem Range

Treesearch

Harold E. Grelen; Vinson L. Duvall

1966-01-01

This publication describes many grasses, grasslike plants, forbs, and shrubs that inhabit longleaf pine-bluestem range. The species vary widely in importance; most produce forage palatable to cattle, some are noxious weeds, and others are valuable indicators of trends in range condition. All are abundant enough on certain sites, however, to require identification for...

Direct-seedling pines in the south

Treesearch

Harold J. Derr; William F. Mann

1971-01-01

Direct seeding of the southern pines is a versatile reforestation technique that is being widely accepted by land managers. On many sites it is more economical than planting nursery-grown seedlings or waiting for natural reproduction. It is applicable on some sites where access, terrain, or drainage conditions make planting difficult. Commercial trials have proved it...

Fertilization and spacing effects on growth of planted ponderosa pine.

Treesearch

P.H. Cochran; R.P. Newman; James W. Barrett

1991-01-01

Fertilizer placed in the planting hole increased height growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) early in the life of the plantation. Later broadcast applications of fertilizer may have had little effect on growth. Wider spacings produced larger trees but less volume per acre than narrower spacings after average tree height...

Operational rooted cuttings in southern pines

Treesearch

Joe Weber; Hank Stelzer

2002-01-01

Use of rooted cuttings for planting of pine trees has become increasingly popular. Vegetative propagation can deliver planting stock of higher genetic quality, increasing productivity and shortening rotations. Clonal forestry can also provide stands of higher uniformity, which can reduce logging and processing cost and yield a much more uniform product. One of the...

Tree canopy types constrain plant distributions in ponderosa pine-Gambel oak forests, northern Arizona

Treesearch

Scott R. Abella

2009-01-01

Trees in many forests affect the soils and plants below their canopies. In current high-density southwestern ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forests, managers have opportunities to enhance multiple ecosystem values by manipulating tree density, distribution, and canopy cover through tree thinning. I performed a study in northern Arizona ponderosa...

Impacts of pine species, stump removal, cultivation, and fertilization on soil properties half a century after planting

Treesearch

John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; Felipe G Sanchez; C. Dana Nelson

2012-01-01

To better understand the long-term effects of species selection and forest management practices on soil quality and soil C retention, we analyzed soil samples from an experimental planting of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.), longleaf ((Pinus palustris Mill.), and slash ((Pinus elliottii Engelm.) pines under...

Assessing potential genetic gains from varietal planting stock in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Scott D. Roberts; Randall J. Rousseau; B. Landis Herrin

2013-01-01

Forest landowners have increasingly more options when it comes to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planting stock. The majority of plantations in recent decades have been established with seedlings produced from second-generation open-pollinated (second-Gen OP) seed. However, foresters have begun recognizing the increased gains obtainable from full-sib...

Invasive pathogen threatens bird-pine mutualism: Implications for sustaining a high-elevation ecosystem

Treesearch

Shawn T. McKinney; Carl E. Fiedler; Diana F. Tomback

2009-01-01

Human-caused disruptions to seed-dispersal mutualisms increase the extinction risk for both plant and animal species. Large-seeded plants can be particularly vulnerable due to highly specialized dispersal systems and no compensatory regeneration mechanisms. Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a keystone subalpine species, obligately depends upon the Clark's...

Soil compaction and initial height growth of planted ponderosa pine.

Treesearch

P. H. Cochran; Terry. Brock

1985-01-01

Early height growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings planted in clearcuts in central Oregon was negatively correlated with increasing soil bulk density. Change in bulk density accounted for less than half the total variation in height growth. Although many other factors affect the development of seedlings, compaction...

Mulch and Hexazinone Herbicide Shorten the Time Longleaf Pine Seedlings are in the Grass Stage and Increase Height Growth

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2000-01-01

Herbaceous plant control with mulch or hexazinone herbicide influenced planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedling total height on a silt loam site in central Louisiana. The site had been sheared and windrowed in 1991, and rotary mowed before three treatments were...

Longleaf Pine Ground-Layer Vegetation in Francis Marion National Forest: Reintroduction, Restoration, and Vegetation Assembly

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glitzenstein, J.; Streng, D.; Wade, D.

2001-01-01

Study represents significant progress in understanding of compositional gradients in longleaf pine plant communities of Central South Carolina. Study shows the importance of water table depths as a controlling variable with vegetation patterns in the field and similar effects in a garden experiment. Grass planting study suggests that observed field distributions of dormant pine savannah grasses derive from complex interactive effects of fire history, hydrology and light environments. Use of regional longleaf data set to identify candidate species for introduction also appears to be a pioneering effort.

Silvicultural Considerations in Managing Southern Pine Stands in the Context of Southern Pine Beetle

Treesearch

James M. Guldin

2011-01-01

Roughly 30 percent of the 200 million acres of forest land in the South supports stands dominated by southern pines. These are among the most productive forests in the nation. Adapted to disturbance, southern pines are relatively easy to manage with even-aged methods such as clearcutting and planting, or the seed tree and shelterwood methods with natural regeneration....

Growing white pine in the Lake States to avoid blister rust

Treesearch

Eugene P. Van Arsdel

1961-01-01

Since white pine is one of the most desirable tree species for the Lake States region, it is unfortunate that fear of the blister rust disease has greatly limited the amount of white pine planted. Research has shown that, in many areas, loss from the disease has not been great even where pine stands have not been protected through ribes eradication. Conversely, in...

Early survival and growth of planted shortleaf pine seedlings as a function of initial size and overstory stocking

Treesearch

John M. Kabrick; Daniel C. Dey; Stephen R. Shifley; Jason L. Villwock

2011-01-01

Shortleaf pine was once abundant throughout the Missouri Ozarks and there is renewed interest in its restoration. Past research suggested that the greatest survival and growth of shortleaf pine seedlings occurred where there was little competition for sunlight. This study, in the oak and oak-pine forests of the Sinkin Experimental Forest in southeastern Missouri,...

How to control the white pine weevil with a hand sprayer

Treesearch

David Crosby

1954-01-01

The white pine weevil is the most serious insect enemy of white pine in the Northeast, where more than 75 percent of these valuable trees are weeviled. Weevil larvae feed just beneath the bark; this kills the leader, causing folks, crooks, and a subsequent degrade of timber. In fact, widespread damage by the weevil has reduced the demand for white pine planting stock...

Longitudial variation in wood specific gravity of planted loblolly pine in the southern United States

Treesearch

Finto Antony; Laurence R. Schimleck; Richard F. Daniels; Alexander Clark

2012-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is the most important plantation species grown in the southern United States, having more than half of the standing pine volume. Wood from loblolly pine is a principal source of raw material for the pulp and paper industry and is desirable for the production of lumber and composite wood products. The quality of wood...

Phylogeographic analyses and evaluation of shortleaf pine population structure in Missouri

Treesearch

Jeff Koppelman; Emily Parsons; Briedi Scott; Jennifer Collantes; Lori S. Eggert; Sedley Josserand; Craig Echt; C. Dana Nelson

2007-01-01

A great expanse of shortleaf pine in Missouri was logged before the mid-20th century, and since that time, seedlings of the species have been planted. Due to large-scale decline in oak trees occupying previous shortleaf pine range, restoration of the shortleaf pine is a priority in Missouri. Restoration can be enhanced through the use of locally adapted trees that have...

Response of Loblolly Pine Plantations to Woody and Herbaceous Control--Eigth-Year Results of the Region-wide Study-The COMProject

Treesearch

B.R. Zutter; James H. Miller; S.M. Eedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

1995-01-01

Eight-year response of planted loblolly pine to woody and herbaceous control following site preparation, studied at 13 locations, differed by pine response variable and hardwood level grouping. Treatments affected average pine height the same at both low hardwood (2/ac basal area at age 8) and high hardwood (>13ft2...

Susceptibility of loblolly x slash pine interspecific F1 hybrids to tip moth infestation and fusiform rust infection in a south Mississippi planting

Treesearch

M.T. Highsmith; L.H. Lott; C.D. Nelson

2005-01-01

Tip moth damage and fusiform rust incidence among families of three loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) parent trees from Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas that were selected for southern pine bark beetle resistance and three slash pines (Pinus elliotti var. elliotti) selected for different levels of fusiform rust resistance, and five of their interspecific...

Field studies of pine, spruce and aspen periodically subjected to sulfur gas emissions

Treesearch

A. H. Legge; R. G. Amundson; D. R. Jaques; R. B. Walker

1976-01-01

Field studies of photosynthesis in Pinus contorta/Pinus banksiana (lodgepole pine/jack pine) hybrids, Picea glauca (white spruce) and Populus tremuloides (aspen) subjected to SO2 and H2S from a nearby natural gas processing plant were initiated near Whitecourt,...

Re-Establishing Pine on Piedmont Cut-Over Land

Treesearch

E.V. Brender; T.C. Nelson

1952-01-01

This paper deals with a study which had two major purposes: (1) to determine the effectiveness of certain preplanting treatments in permitting pines to come through hardwood competition, and (2) to compare survival and growth rate of planted loblolly and slash pine under the various treatments tested.

Stem Sinuosity, Tree Size, and Pest Injury of Machine-Planted Tress with and without Bent Taproots: A Comparison of Loblolly and Slash Pine

Treesearch

Jason A. Gatch; Timothy B. Harrington; Terry S. Price; M. Boyd Edwards

1999-01-01

Twenty-four maohine-planted stands each of slash (Pinus elliottii Engelm.) and loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) (between ages 3 to 10 years) were randomly selected in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of Georgia, respectively. Ten points per site were located along a transect and two planted trees within a 10-m radius of each point were...

Plant defenses and climate change: doom or destiny for the lodgepole pine?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Lodgepole pine is a species of great importance to the forestry industry of British Columbia. However, recent climate-change associated outbreaks of insect pests (i.e. the mountain pine beetle) and diseases (Dothistroma needle blight) have limited productivity of stands throughout its northern range...

Plant competition, facilitation, and other overstory-understory interactions in longleaf pine ecosystems.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Imm, Donald; Blake, John I

2006-07-01

The Longleaf Pine Ecosystem - Ecology, Silviculture, and Restoration. Shibu Jose, Eric J. Jokela, and Deborah L. Miller, (eds.) Springer Series on Environmental Management. Springer Science and Business Media publisher. Box 10.2 Pp 330-333. An insert on overstory-understory interactions in longleaf pine ecosystems.

Pines

Treesearch

C. Dana Nelson; Gary F. Peter; Steven E. McKeand; Eric J. Jokela; Robert B. Rummer; Les Groom; Kurt H. Johnsen

2013-01-01

The southern pines (yellow or hard pines, Genus Pinus Sub-genus Pinus Section Pinus Subsection Australes) occupy an immense land-base in the southeastern region of the United States (Little and Critchfield, 1969). In addition, they are planted and managed for wood production on millions of hectares worldwide including China, Brazil, Argentina, and Australia. The...

Restoring of white pine in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan

Treesearch

Michael E. Ostry

2000-01-01

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch) (WPBR) was discovered on Ribes L. in New York in 1906, although it was accidentially introduced from Europe on pine (Pinus L.) seedlings. The spread of this destructive fungus has changed the focus in North America. After decades of reduced planting...

Underplanting shortleaf pine in the Missouri Ozarks

Treesearch

Jason Jensen; Cliff Smith; Mark Johanson; David Gwaze

2007-01-01

A study was established on Clearwater Conservation Area in the Missouri Ozarks in which shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) seedlings were underplanted in mature mixed oak and oak/pine stands. Overstory trees were harvested a few months after planting, leaving different levels of residual overstory stocking. The different overstory treatments...

One seed source of Jeffrey pine shows resistance to dwarf mistletoe

Treesearch

Robert F. Scharpf; Bohun B. Kinloch; James L. Jenkinson

1992-01-01

Four seed sources of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) were selected for testing through controlled inoculation for resistance to dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium campylopodum). The pines were 7 years old and part of a progeny test planting established by the USDA Forest Service's Institute of Forest Genetics, Placewille,...

Grazing on Regeneration Sites Encourages Pine Seedling Growth

Treesearch

Raymond D. Ratliff; Renee G. Denton

1995-01-01

Effects of season-long, deferred-rotation, and rest-rotation grazing, on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedling growth and herbaceous vegetation control were studied in regeneration sites at Boyd Hill, Modoc National Forest, California. Seedlings were planted in 1989. Pine seedling survival and damage did not differ, but the...

Tolerance of loblolly pine seedlings to glyphosate

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Thomas W. Melder

1990-01-01

Broadcasting glyphosate herbicide over loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) may provide enough early-season weed control to allow seedlings to establish themselves more rapidly, but glyphosate can, injure young trees. To examine the question of seedling injury, four rates of glyphosate were broadcast evenly over planted loblolly pine seedlings, competing...

A Loblolly Pine Management Guide: Natural Regeneration of Loblolly Pine

Treesearch

M. Boyd Edwards

1987-01-01

For many landowners, low cost makes natural regeneration an attractive alternative to planting when loblolly pine stands are harvested. Clearcutting, seed-tree, shelterwood, and selection methods can be used. Keys to success are a suitable seedbed.an adequate seed supply, sufficient moisture. and freedom from excessive competition.

Mortality of trees in loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Boris Zeide; Yujia Zhang

2006-01-01

The annual probability of mortality for planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees was estimated using a set of permanent plots covering the entire native range of the species. The recorded causes of death were infestation by the southern pine beetle (Dendroctonus frontalis Zimmermann) and other insects, lightning, and unknown...

Longleaf pine wood and straw yields from two old-field planted sites in Georgia

Treesearch

E. David Dickens; David J. Moorhead; Bryan C. McElvany; Ray Hicks

2012-01-01

Little is known or published concerning longleaf pine’s growth rate, or wood and pine straw yields on old-field sites. Two study areas were installed in unthinned longleaf plantations established on former old-fields in Screven and Tift Counties, Georgia to address pine growth and straw yields. Soil series were delineated and replicated plots with three levels of...

Performance of red pine and Japanese larch planted on anthracite coal-breaker refuse

Treesearch

Miroslaw M. Czapowskyj

1973-01-01

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) and Japanese larch (Larix leptolepis (Sieb. and Zucc.) Gord.) seedlings were planted on coal-breaker refuse with all combinations of two levels of lime, two levels of fertilizer, and four mulch treatments. The site was highly unfavorable as a medium for tree growth, and the 4-year results show...

Restoring the ground layer of longleaf pine ecosystems

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker; Andrea M. Silletti

2006-01-01

The longleaf pine ecosystem includes some of the most species-rich plant communities outside of the tropics, and most of that diversity resides in the ground layer vegetation. In addition to harboring many locally endemic and otherwise rare plant species (Peet this volume) and enhancing habitat for the resident fauna (Costa and DeLotelle this volume), the ground layer...

Insect Pollinators of Three Rare Plants in a Florida Longleaf Pine Forest

Treesearch

Theresa Pitts-Singer; James L. Hanula; Joan L. Walker

2002-01-01

As a result of human activity, longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Miller) forests in the southern United States have been lost or drastically altered. Many of the plant species that historically occupied those forests now persist only as remnants and are classified as threatened or endangered. In order to safeguard such species, a better understanding of...

Productivity of planted shortleaf pine in artificially compacted Clarksville soil

Treesearch

Felix Jr. Ponder

2007-01-01

After 9 years, tree survival was 72, 65, and 70 percent for not compacted, medium compacted, and severely compacted treatments, respectively, for shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) planted in a forest clearcut on the Carr Creek State Forest in Shannon County, Missouri. The study is in one of the USDA Forest Service's Long-term Soil...

Effect of garlic mustard invasion on ectomycorrhizae in mature pine trees and pine seedlings

Treesearch

Lauren A. Carlson; Kelly D. McConnaughay; Sherri J. Morris

2014-01-01

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are mutualistic fungi that colonize the roots of many terrestrial plants. These fungi increase plant vigor by acquiring nutrients from the soil for their hosts in exchange for photosynthates. We studied the effect of garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) invasion on the density of ectomycorrhizal symbionts using two approaches. We...

Assessing tolerance of longleaf pine understory herbaceous plants to herbicide applications in a container nursery

Treesearch

D. Paul Jackson; Scott A. Enebak; James West; Drew Hinnant

2015-01-01

Renewed efforts in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) ecosystem restoration has increased interest in the commercial production of understory herbaceous species. Successful establishment of understory herbaceous species is enhanced when using quality nursery-grown plants that have a better chance of survival after outplanting. Nursery growing practices have not been...

Yield and financial performance estimates of four elite loblolly pine seed sources planted in the Western Gulf Region

Treesearch

Michael A. Blazier; A. Gordon Holley

2015-01-01

Eastern seed sources of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) have been planted in the Western Gulf region for nearly three decades because they often have higher growth rates than local seed sources. However, productivity gains for eastern families are sometimes offset by poorer survival rates relative to local families.

Lifting Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

C. B. Briscoe

1960-01-01

One of the factors preventing more widespread planting of the true pines (Pinus spp.) in the tropics is the present necessity of using potted stock instead of barerooted seedlings, such as are used throughout the temperate regions. Potted seedlings require more space, more equipment, more labor, and more money, both to produce in the nursery and to plant in the field...

Whole-canopy gas exchange among four elite loblolly pine seed sources planted in the western gulf region

Treesearch

Bradley S. Osbon; Michael A. Blazier; Michael C. Tyree; Mary Anne Sword-Sayer

2012-01-01

Planting of artificially selected, improved seedlings has led to large increases in productivity of intensively managed loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) forests in the southeastern United States. However, more data are needed to give a deeper understanding of how physiology and crown architecture affect productivity of diverse genotypes. The objective...

Bark Thickness of 17-Year-Old Loblolly Pine Planted at Different Spacings

Treesearch

Donald P. Feduccia; William F. Mann

1975-01-01

Diameter at breast height was the only variable affecting double bark thickness at d.b.h. and midpoint of the merchantable stem for young loblolly pine planted at five initial spacings on plots with site indices of 77 to 111 feet. Bark thickness at the 4-inch top was not correlated with breast-height diameter.

Root system structure in planted and seeded loblolly and shortleaf pine

Treesearch

Constance A. Harrington; John C. Brissette; William C. Carlson

1989-01-01

Differences in root system structure attributable to stand origin were examined by pairing seeded and planted stands of loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata Mill.). The 17 paired stands were 3 to 9 years old and located in Arkansas, Oklahoma, and Texas on similar soil and site conditions. Root systems from 12...

Pine Beetle Detection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

Earth Systems Science Office scientists worked with officials in St. Tammany Parish, La., to detect and battle pine beetle infestation in Fontainebleu State Park. The scientists used a new method of detecting plant stress by using special lenses and modified sensors to detect a change in light levels given off by the plant before the stress is visible to the naked eye.

Elytroderm disease in young, planted Jeffrey pine, South Lake Tahoe, California

Treesearch

Robert F. Scharpf; Robert V. Bega

1988-01-01

Little is known about Elytrodema disease (Elytroderma deformans [Weir] Darker) in seedlings or very young trees. Of 100, 2-0 Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi Grev. & Balf.) seedlings planted in the Taylor Creek area of South Lake Tahoe, about half survived from 1973 to 1987. During this period about two thirds of the surviving...

Studies in western yellow pine nursery practice

Treesearch

Donald R. Brewster; J. A. Larsen

1925-01-01

In 1912 and 1913, when nursery experiments were started under direction of the then "Priest River'' Forest Experiment Station, at Priest River, Idaho, and elsewhere, western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) was one of the principal species being planted on a large scale in the northern Rocky Mountain region and millions of plants were being raised each year...

Survival and five-year growth in Unit 4, Waiakea Arboretum, Hawaii

Treesearch

Stanley B. Carpenter

1965-01-01

Of the nine introduced tree species planted in Unit 4 in 1960, one pine species has failed completely. A slash pine planting on pahoehoe lava shows good survival and growth. And a karri eucalyptus reached a height of 58 feet in 5 years. Competition from wild vegetation was the main cause of mortality.

On the number of genes controlling the grass stage in longleaf pine

Treesearch

C. Dana Nelson; C. Weng; Thomas L. Kubisiak; M. Stine; C.L. Brown

2003-01-01

The grass stage is an inherent and distinctive developmental trait of longleaf pine (Pinus palustris), in which height growth in the first few years after germination is suppressed. In operational forestry practice the grass stage extends for nvo to several years and often plays a role in planting failures and decisions to plant alternative species....

Roots and Their Rhizosphere of Fremont Cottonwood and Ponderosa Pine Substantially Stimulated Soil Organic Carbon Decomposition.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dijkstra, F. A.; Cheng, W.

2006-12-01

There is increasing evidence that living plant roots can significantly alter soil microbial activity and soil organic carbon (SOC) decomposition. Most research on rhizosphere effects on SOC has been done in short-term experiments using annual plants. Here we test if rhizosphere processes of two woody perennial plant species, Fremont cottonwood (Populus fremontii) and Ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa), affect SOC decomposition in three different soil types in a 395-day greenhouse experiment. We continuously labeled plants with depleted 13C, which allowed us to separate plant-derived CO2-C from original soil-derived CO2-C in soil respiration measurements. Results show that after 100 days of planting both cottonwood (by 79%) and pine (by 108%) significantly increased soil carbon decomposition compared to soils without plants ("primed C"). We observed no differences in primed C among the three soil types, despite their differences in total and labile carbon and available nitrogen content. Instead, primed C was positively related to foliar biomass. Our results indicate that rhizosphere effects on SOC decomposition play an important role in the carbon cycle of forested ecosystems.

Developing blister rust resistance in white pines

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

2000-01-01

After a century since introduction to North America from Europe, white pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., is recognized as one of the catastrophic plant disease epidemics in history. It has not yet stabilized and continues to spread and intensify. Its nine native white pine hosts comprise major timber producers, important...

INTERACTION OF GRASS COMPETITION AND OZONE STRESS ON C/N RATIO IN PONDEROSA PINE

EPA Science Inventory

Individual ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) seedlings were grown with three levels of blue wild-rye grass (Elymus glaucus Buckl.) (0,32, or 88 plants m-2) to determine if the presence of a natural competitor altered ponderosa pine seedling response to ozone. Gras...

Ideotype Development in Southern Pines: Rationale and Strategies for Overcoming Scale-Related Obstacles

Treesearch

Timothy A. Martin; Kurt H. Johnsen; Timothy L. White

2001-01-01

Indirect genetic selection for early growth and disease resistance of southern pines has proven remarkably successful over the past several decades. However, several benefits could be derived for southern pine breeding programs by incorporating ideotypes, conceptual models which explicitly describe plant phenotypic characteristics that are hypothesized to produce...

Pine needle abortion in cattle update: Metabolite detection in sera and fetal fluids from abortion case samples

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cattle abortions associated with consumption of pine needles during late gestation are a serious poisonous plant problem in the Western US. Most cases of abortion have been associated with consumption of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) and the causative agent was identified as the labdane diterpen...

Photosynthesis and growth of selected scotch pine seed sources

Treesearch

John C. Gordon; Gordon E. Gatherum

1968-01-01

A number of problems related to the culture of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) arose following the increased planting of this species in Iowa. Therefore, a program of controlled-environment experiments to determine the effects of genetic and environmental factors on physiological processes important to the culture of Scotch pine was begun by the...

Longleaf Pine Ecosystem Restoration on Small and Mid-Sized Tracts

Treesearch

Joan L. Walker

1999-01-01

Speaking of restoring the longleaf pine ecosystem, conservationists may present images of open stands I trees, prescribed burning, grassy ground layers, and of providing habitat for red-cockaded woodpeckers. Unfortunately, planting a longleaf pine forest, using fire, and recovering an endangered woodpecker all seem require lands larger than a backyard. To many,...

Dothistroma Needle Blight of Pines

Treesearch

Glenn W. Peterson

1982-01-01

Dothistroma blight is a devastating foliar disease of a wide range of pine species. The causal fungus, Dothistroma pini Hulbary, infects and kills needles. Premature defoliation caused by this fungus has resulted in complete failure of most ponderosa pine plantings in States east of the Great Plains. In the central and southern Great Plains, D. pini damages Austrian...

Southern Appalachian White Pine Plantations Site, volume, and yield

Treesearch

John P. Vimmerstedt

1962-01-01

In the early 1930's several publications focused attention on the desirable characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L. ) growing in the Southern Appalachians. In 1932 Copea reported on the excellent growth of natural and planted stands and their relative freedom from blister rust and white pine weevil. After an extensive survey he...

Diseases as agents of disturbance in ponderosa pine

Treesearch

Gregory M. Filip

2005-01-01

Several diseases affect the growth and survival of ponderosa pine in the Pacific Northwest and serve as agents of disturbance. Probably the most widespread and damaging class of disease agents is dwarf mistletoe, which causes serious growth loss and mortality of ponderosa pine. Dwarf mistletoes (Arceuthobium spp.) are seed plants that can parasitize...

Response of Second-Rotation Southern Pines to Fertilizer and Planting on Old Beds--Fifteenth-Year Results

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Allan E. Tiarks

2002-01-01

Two replicated site preparation studies were used to examine the effects of management on loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) and slash pine (P. elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) growth-and-yield in a second rotation on silt loam soils. Treatments included no tillage, flat disking, bedding, and fertilization....

Influence of light and moisture on longleaf pine seedling growth in selection silviculture

Treesearch

David S. Dyson; Edward F. Loewenstein; Steven B. Jack; Dale G. Brockway

2012-01-01

Selection silviculture has become increasingly common for longleaf pine management, yet questions remain regarding residual canopy effects on seedling survival and growth. To determine what levels of residual overstory promote adequate seedling recruitment, 600 containerized longleaf pine seedlings were planted on two sites during the 2007-2008 dormant season. To...

Loblolly Pine Growth 16 Years After Four Site Preparation Treatments

Treesearch

John C. Adams; Clyde Vidrine

2002-01-01

Thirteen-year growth results of 1-0 planted loblolly pine seedlings (Pinus taeda L.) on differently prepared upland mixed pine-hardwood sites located in north western Louisiana are presented. The study was designed as a randomized complete block consisting of three blocks of four site preparation treatments, which included: chop and burn, windrow,...

Influence of Thinning and Pruning on Southern Pine Veneer Quality

Treesearch

Mark D. Gibson; Terry R. Clason; Gary L. Hill; George A. Grozdits

2002-01-01

This paper presents the effects of intensive pine plantation management on veneer yields, veneer grade distribution and veneer MOE as measured by ultrasonic stress wave transmission (Metriguard). Veneer production trials were done at a commercial southern pine plywood plant to elucidate the effects of silvicultural treatments on veneer quality, yield, and modulus of...

Persistence of Agrobacterium tumefaciens in transformed conifers.

PubMed

Charity, Julia A; Klimaszewska, Krystyna

2005-01-01

Previous studies have shown that the widely used plant transformation vector Agrobacterium tumefaciens can persist in genetically engineered plants in vitro and in transgenic greenhouse-grown plants, despite the use of counter-selective antibiotics. However, little is known regarding Agrobacterium persistence in tree species. To understand the kinetics of A. tumefaciens decline and persistence in transformation experiments, we assayed for the presence of A. tumefaciens in spruce and pine embryogenic tissue for up to 10 weeks post-transformation. The A. tumefaciens populations declined rapidly in the first five days post-cocultivation but generally declined more slowly in pine, relative to spruce. No bacteria were detected in spruce embryogenic tissue beyond four weeks after cocultivation, however in pine there were -100 colony forming units per g tissue at 10 weeks post-cocultivation. We present evidence that the detection limit for PCR using virD2 primers to detect A. tumefaciens in a background of pine needle DNA was approximately 10(9)-10(10) A. tumefaciens cells per g of tissue. We also assayed for A. tumefaciens in transgenic pine and spruce embryogenic tissue and from needles, branches, stems and roots of transformed plants, up to four years post-inoculation. Occasionally A. tumefaciens was detected in embryogenic tissue up to 12 months post-inoculation. A. tumefaciens was never detected in cultured embryogenic tissue more than twelve months after inoculation, nor in developing somatic embryos or germinating plantlets, nor any of the parts of greenhouse-grown plants. From these data we conclude that if A. tumefaciens persists in transgenic conifers, it does so beneath our ability to detect it.

Ectomycorrhizal Community Structure and Soil Characteristics of Mature Lodgepole Pine (Pinus Contorta) and Adjacent Stands of Old Growth Mixed Conifer in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming USA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Douglas, Robert B.; Parker, V. Thomas; Cullings, Kenneth W.; Sun, Sidney (Technical Monitor)

2003-01-01

Forest development patterns following disturbance are known to influence the physical and chemical attributes of soils at different points in time. Changes in soil resources are thought to have a corresponding effect on ectomycorrhizal (ECM) community structure. We used molecular methods to compare below-ground ECM species richness, composition, and abundance between adjacent stands of homogenous lodgepole pine and old growth mixed conifer in Yellowstone National Park (YNP). In each stand-type we collected soil cores to both identify mycorrhizae and assess soil chemistry. Although no statistical difference was observed in the mean number of ECM root tips per core between stand types, the total number of species identified (85 versus 35) and the mean number of species per core (8.8 +/- 0.6 versus 2.5 +/- 0.3) were significantly higher in lodgepole pine. Differences between the actual and estimated species richness levels indicated that these forest types support a high number of ECM species and that undersampling was severe. Species compositions were widely disparate between stands where only four species were shared out of a total of 116. Soil analysis also revealed that mixed conifer was significantly lower in pH, but higher in organic matter, potassium, phosphorus, and ammonium when compared to lodgepole pine stands. Species richness per core was correlated with these chemical data, however, analysis of covariance indicated that stand type was the only statistically significant factor in the observed difference in species richness. Our data suggest that ECM fungal richness increases as homogenous lodgepole pine stands grow and mature, but declines after Engelmann spruce and subalpine fir colonize. Despite difficulties linking species composition with soil chemistry, there are a variety of physical and chemical factors that could be influencing ECM community structure. Future field experiments are necessary to test some of the mechanisms potentially operating within this system.

Stock size affects early growth of a loblolly pine

Treesearch

David B. South; Al Lyons; Russ Pohl

2015-01-01

For decades, forest researchers in the South have known that early gains in survival and growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) can be achieved by planting large-diameter seedlings (South 1993; Wakeley 1949). For P. radiata, increasing size of planting stock also increases early growth of both seedlings (Mason and others 1996) and cuttings (South and others 2005)....

Mountain Pine Beetles and Invasive Plant Species Findings from a Survey of Colorado Community Residents

Treesearch

Courtney Flint; Hua Qin; Michael Daab

2008-01-01

The US Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station funded research to assess community responses to forest disturbance by mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and public reaction to invasive plants in north central Colorado. In the Spring of2007, 4,027 16-page questionnaires were mailed to randomly selected households with addresses in Breckenridge,...

Comparing seven planting tools for container-grown longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Daniel J. Leduc; Shi-Jean S. Sung

2013-01-01

We compared seven tools for planting container-grown longleaf pine seedlings in fine sandy loam in Louisiana and in fine sand in Alabama. The tools were (1) JIM-GEM® KBC dibble bar, (2) JIM-GEM® OST Dibble Bar, (3) Terra Tech Styro 8 Dibble Stick, (4) container seedling tube dibble, (5) hoedad, (6) auger, and (7) shovel....

Fruiting of browse plants affected by pine site preparation in east Texas

Treesearch

John J. Stransky; Douglas Richardson

1977-01-01

Pine planting sites prepared by burning yielded 120 kg/ha of browse fruits the third growing season after site treatment. Control plots yielded 74, KG-bladed plots 57, and chopped plots 41 kg/ha. Blackberries, American beautyberry, sumac, Sebastian bush, muscadine grape, blueberries, and southern wax-myrtle were the principal species. Most fruit was available in summer...

Pine Root Collar Weevil Hazard Zones for Red Pine in Lower Michigan

Treesearch

Louis F. Wilson; Patrick C. Kennedy

1970-01-01

The Lower Peninsula of Michigan is divided into low, medium, and high hazard zones by degree of potential weevil damage. New plantings should be established no closer than I mile from a weevil infestation in the high hazard zone or no closer than ? mile in the medium hazard zone to lessen the probability of those plantings becoming heavily infested.

Air pollution indications and growth of spruce and pine near a sulfite plant

Treesearch

Lars Westman

1976-01-01

A preliminary study has been made around a sulfite plant in the north of Sweden. The emission of sulfur dioxide increased considerably in 1950 as a consequence of the introduction of lye-burning. Using the pH in pine bark and two common lichen epiphytes as indicators, the resistant Parmelia physodes and the very sensitive Alectoria implexa...

Strategies to achieve long-term benefits from multiple operational herbicide applications in lower coastal plain pine stands

Treesearch

Harold E. Quicke; Dwight K. Lauer

2010-01-01

Studies were installed on a range of soils to examine different post-plant herbaceous weed control timings following different site preparation timings with Chopper® herbicide. Chopper site preparation treatments were applied after bedding and included two application dates (August versus November). Pines were planted in winter following site preparation. Site...

Response of dwarf mistletoe-infested ponderosa pine to thinning: 2. Dwarf mistletoe propagation.

Treesearch

Lewis F. Roth; James W. Barrett

1985-01-01

Propagation of dwarf mistletoe in ponderosa pine saplings is little influenced by thinning overly dense stands to 250 trees per acre. Numerous plants that appear soon after thinning develop from formerly latent plants in the suppressed under-story. Subsequently, dwarf mistletoe propagates nearly as fast as tree crowns enlarge but the rate differs widely among trees....

Release of sugar pine seedlings and saplings by harvest cutting.

Treesearch

William E. Hallin

1959-01-01

Sugar pine, the preferred species to grow on many forest areas in southwestern Oregon, is often seeded or planted on clearcuts there. Advance growth in the form of seedlings, saplings, and poles is common in the mixed- conifer type, and costly planting can be eliminated if this advance growth can be saved during logging and slash disposal. However, if the necessary...

Walking response of the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus, to novel plant odors host in a laboratory olfactometer

Treesearch

A. J. Walter; R. C. Venette; S. A. Kells; S. J. Seybold

2010-01-01

When an herbivorous insect enters a new geographic area, it will select host plants based on short and long distance cues. A conifer-feeding bark beetle that has been recently introduced to North America, the Mediterranean pine engraver, Orthotomicus erosus (Wollaston), has a potentially wide host range, especially among members of the Pinaceae....

Effects of site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings in North Carolina

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker; Susan Cohen

2006-01-01

We tested the effects of eight site preparation treatments on early growth and survival of container-grown longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) seedlings. Treatments included an untreated check, six combinations of two initial vegetation control treatments (chopping or herbicide) with three planting site conditions (flat [no additional treatment],...

Growth of Planted Slash Pine Under Several Thinning Regimes

Treesearch

W.F. Mann; Hans G. Enghardt

1972-01-01

Three intensities of thinning, each started at 10, 13, and 16 years, were applied to slash pine planted on a highly productive, cutover site in central Louisiana. Over a 9-year period, early and heavy thinnings increased diameter growth but reduced volume growth. The longer initial thinnings were deferred, the slower was the response in diameter growth. Growth on...

From lifting to planting: Root dip treatments affect survival of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda)

Treesearch

Tom E. Starkey; David B. South

2009-01-01

Hydrogels and clay slurries are the materials most commonly applied to roots of pines in the southern United States. Most nursery managers believe such applications offer a form of "insurance" against excessive exposure during planting. The objective of this study was to examine the ability of root dip treatments to: (1) support fungal growth; and (2) protect...

Feasibility of utilizing small diameter southern pine for biomass in the Virginia Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Nathan C. Hanzelka; M. Chad Bolding; Scott M. Barrett; Jay Sullivan

2016-01-01

New or retrofitted wood-fired energy plants have increased demand for woody biomass in the stateof Virginia. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) commonly serves as a feedstock for these energy plants. Pulpwood conventionally requires a minimum diameter of 4 inches diameter at breast height (DBH) for merchantability, whereas a minimum merchantable diameter...

Growth and development of loblolly pine in a spacing trial planted in Hawaii

Treesearch

William R. Harms; Craig D. Whitesell; Dean S. DeBell

2000-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) was planted at four square spacings (1.8, 2.4, 3.0, and 3.7 m) on the Island of Maui in 1961, and measured periodically for 34 years. Patterns of stand growth and development were examined and compared with yield model estimates of stand characteristics of plantations of the...

Planting density and silvicultural intensity impacts on loblolly pine stand development in the western gulf coastal plain through age 8

Treesearch

Michael B. Kane; Dehai Zhao; John W. Rheney; Michael G. Messina; Mohd S. Rahman; Nicholas Chappell

2012-01-01

Commercial plantation growers need to know how planting density and cultural regime intensity affect loblolly pine plantation productivity, development and value to make sound management decisions. This knowledge is especially important given the diversity of traditional products, such as pulpwood, chip-n-saw, and sawtimber, and potential products, such as bioenergy...

Forest herbicide influences on floristic diversity seven years after broadcast pine release treatments in central Georgia, USA

Treesearch

Robert S. Boyd; John D. Freeman; James H. Miller; M. Boyd Edwards

1995-01-01

Abstract. Maintenance of biodiversity is becoming a goal of forest management. This study determined effects of broadcast pine release herbicide treatments on plant species richness, diversity, and structural proportions seven years after treatment. Three study blocks were established in central Georgia. Plots 0.6-0.8 ha in size were planted to...

Evaluating subsoiling and herbaceous weed control on shortleaf pine planted in retired farm land

Treesearch

John D. Kushla

2010-01-01

In March 2005, shortleaf pine was planted on retired fields of the Mississippi Agriculture and Forestry Experiment Station in Holly Springs. The objectives were to evaluate subsoiling and herbaceous weed control on first year seedling stocking, survival, and size. First year seedling measurements were made on stocking, survival, and size. Only results for first year...

Response of loblolly pine to complete woody and herbaceous control: projected yields and economic outcomes - the COMProject

Treesearch

James H. Miller; R.L. Busby; B.R. Zutter; S.M. Zedaker; M.B. Edwards; R.A. Newbold

1995-01-01

Abstract.Age-8 and -9 data from the 13 study plantations of the Competition Omission Monitoring Project (COMP) were used to project yields and derive economic outcomes for loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). COMP treatments were chop-burn, complete woody plant control, complete herbaceous plant control for 4 years, and complete woody...

Evaluation of the Competitive Environment for White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) Seedlings Planted on Prescribed Burn Sites in the Southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; James M. Vose

1995-01-01

We evaluated the competitive environment around planted white pine (Pinus strobus L.) seedlings and monitored the response of seedling growth to competition from naturally regenerating herbaceous and woody species for 2 yr after prescribed burning. We evaluated the bility of distance-independent and distance-dependent competition indices to predict resource...

Spacing and shrub competition influence 20-year development of planted ponderosa pine

Treesearch

William W. Oliver

1990-01-01

Growth and stand development of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were monitored for 20 years after planting at five different square spacings (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 ft) in the presence or absence of competing shrubs on the westside Sierra Nevada. Mean tree size was positively correlated and stand values negatively correlated with spacing in the...

Patterns and processes: Monitoring and understanding plant diversity in frequently burned longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) landscapes

Treesearch

J. O' Brien; L. Dyer; R. Mitchell; A. Hudak

2013-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems are remarkably rich in plant species and represent the dominant upland forest type in several southeastern military installations. Management of these forests on installations is critical both to fulfill the military mission and to conserve this unique natural resource. The researchers will couple a series of field experiments...

Common Herbaceous Plants of Southern Forest Range

Treesearch

Harold E. Grelen; Ralph H. Hughes

1984-01-01

Illustrations and descriptions are given for approximately 125 species of grasses, grasslikes (sedges and rushes), and forbs representative of the pine and pine-hardwood forests of the southeastern United States.

Plant and bird diversity in natural forests and in native and exotic plantations in NW Portugal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Proença, Vânia M.; Pereira, Henrique M.; Guilherme, João; Vicente, Luís

2010-03-01

Forest ecosystems have been subjected to continuous dynamics between deforestation and forestation. Assessing the effects of these processes on biodiversity could be essential for conservation planning. We analyzed patterns of species richness, diversity and evenness of plants and birds in patches of natural forest of Quercus spp. and in stands of native Pinus pinaster and exotic Eucalyptus globulus in NW Portugal. We analyzed data of forest and non-forest species separately, at the intra-patch, patch and inter-patch scales. Forest plant richness, diversity and evenness were higher in oak forest than in pine and eucalypt plantations. In total, 52 species of forest plants were observed in oak forest, 33 in pine plantation and 28 in eucalypt plantation. Some forest species, such as Euphorbia dulcis, Omphalodes nitida and Eryngium juresianum, were exclusively or mostly observed in oak forest. Forest bird richness and diversity were higher in both oak and pine forests than in eucalypt forest; evenness did not differ among forests. In total, 16 species of forest birds were observed in oak forest, 18 in pine forest and 11 in eucalypt forest. Species such as Certhia brachydactyla, Sitta europaea and Dendrocopos major were common in oak and/or pine patches but were absent from eucalypt stands. Species-area relationships of forest plants and forest birds in oak patches had consistently a higher slope, at both the intra and inter-patch scales, than species-area relationships of forest species in plantations and non-forest species in oak forest. These findings demonstrate the importance of oak forest for the conservation of forest species diversity, pointing the need to conserve large areas of oak forest due to the apparent vulnerability of forest species to area loss. Additionally, diversity patterns in pine forest were intermediate between oak forest and eucalypt forest, suggesting that forest species patterns may be affected by forest naturalness.

Comparison of the surface coat proteins of the pine wood nematode appeared during host pine infection and in vitro culture by a proteomic approach.

PubMed

Shinya, Ryoji; Morisaka, Hironobu; Takeuchi, Yuko; Ueda, Mitsuyoshi; Futai, Kazuyoshi

2010-12-01

Pine wilt disease, caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN), Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, has become of worldwide quarantine concern in recent years. Here, we disclosed the surface coat (SC) proteins of the PWN which are thought to be one of the key components in pine wilt development. This is the first report that focused on the SC proteins and thoroughly identified those proteins of a plant-parasitic nematode using the proteomic approach. In this study, SC protein profiles were compared for PWNs grown on the fungus Botrytis cinerea and in host pine seedlings. The results demonstrated that the gross amount of PWN SC proteins drastically increased during infection of the host pine. Thirty-seven protein bands showed significant quantity differences between fungus-grown and host-origin PWNs, and were used for identification by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. These included several proteins that are presumed to be involved in the host immune response; for example, regulators of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and a ROS scavenger. These results might suggest that the PWN SC proteins are crucial in modulating or evading host immune response. Our data provide a new insight into the mechanism of pine wilt disease and the biological role of the SC proteins of plant-parasitic nematodes.

Fuel accumulations in Piedmont loblolly pine plantations

Treesearch

Ernst V. Brender; W. Henry McNab; Shelton Williams

1976-01-01

Weight of minor vegetation under unthinned loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations was closely related to stand age and basal area stocking. Weight of this vegetation peaked 3 years after clearcutting and planting, then diminished as the pine canopy became denser. Forest floor weight increased steadily through age 23, when it began to level off. Equilibrium forest...

Structure and biomass production of one- to seven-year-old intensively cultured jack pine plantation in Wisconsin.

Treesearch

J. Zavitkovski; David H. Dawson

1978-01-01

Spacing and rotation length effects were studied for 7 years in intensively cultured jack pine stands. Production culminated at age 5 in the densest planting and progressively later in more open spacing. Biomass production was two to several times higher than in jack pine plantations grown under traditional silvicultural systems.

Response of Planted Eastern White Pine (Pinus strobus L.) to Mechanical Release, Competition, and Drought in the Southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Barton D. Clinton; Katherine J. Elliott; Wayne T. Swank

1997-01-01

Conversion of low-quality, natural mixed pine hardwood ecosystems, containing a mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) dominated understory, to more productive eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.)/mixed-hardwood systems is a common prescription on relatively xeric southern Appalachian forest sites. We examined the effects of...

Possibilities of breeding weevil-resistant white pine strains

Treesearch

Jonathan W. Wright; William J. Gabriel

1959-01-01

Eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L.) is a highly versatile species. It is easily planted, adaptable to a wide variety of soils and climates, and reproduces itself well. Also it grows rapidly and is capable of producing high-quality lumber. These characteristics once entitled white pine to a top position in the forest economy throughout much of the...

Responses of Young Slash Pine on Poorly Drained to Somewhat Poorly Drained Silt Loam Soils to Site Preparation and Fertilization Treatments

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

1995-01-01

Slash pines (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) were planted on poorly drained Wrightsville and somewhat poorly drained Vidrine silt loam soils in southwest Louisiana. Neither flat disking nor bedding increased pine growth and yield substantially after nine growing seasons, but broadcast application of triple superphoshate...

Exome genotyping, linkage disequilibrium and population structure in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.)

Treesearch

Mengmeng Lu; Konstantin V. Krutovsky; C. Dana Nelson; Tomasz E. Koralewski; Thomas D. Byram; Carol A. Loopstra

2016-01-01

Background: Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) is one of the most widely planted and commercially important foresttree species in the USA and worldwide, and is an object of intense genomic research. However, whole genomeresequencing in loblolly pine is hampered by its large size and complexity and a lack of a good...

Fertilization, weed control, and pine litter influence loblolly pine stem productivity and root development

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Allan E. Tiarks; Mark A. Sword

1997-01-01

Development of forest plantations may be delayed or yield expectations curtailed by interference from competing vegetation. Competing vegetation can be controlled with herbicides after crop trees are planted, but herbicide use in public and private loblolly pine plantations may face greater restrictions in the future. Fortunately, there are ways to manage competition...

Stem Sinuosity of Loblolly Pine Seedlings as Influenced by Taproot Shape

Treesearch

Michael S. Murphy; Timothy B. Harrington

2004-01-01

Sinuous stem growth in loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) results in diminished potential for the utilization of wood products since these stems are difficult to mill and contain a higher percentage of compression wood. In this study, 90 full-sibling loblolly pine seedlings (30 seedlings from each of 3 families) were planted with 5 taproot configurations...

Managing succession in conifer plantations: converting young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantations to native forest types by thinning and underplantiing

Treesearch

William C. Parker; Ken A. Elliott; Daniel C. Dey; Eric Boysen; Steven G. Newmaster

2001-01-01

The effects of thinning on growth and survival of white pine (Pinus strobus L.), white ash (Fraxinus americana L.), and red oak (Quercus rubra L.), and understory plant diversity were examined in a young red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) plantation. Five years after thinning, seedling diameter,...

An economic evaluation of fusiform rust protection research

Treesearch

F.W. Cubbage; John M. Pye; T.P. Holmes; J.E. Wagner

2000-01-01

Fusiform rust is a widespread and damaging disease of loblolly pine (P. taeda) and slash pine (P. elliottii) in the South. Research has identified families of these pines with improved genetic resistance to the disease, allowing production and planting of resistant seedlings in areas at risk. This study compared the cost of fusiform rust research to the simulated...

Cellular response of loblolly pine to wound inoculation with bark beetle-associated fungi and chitosan

Treesearch

Kier D. Klepzig; Charles H. Walkinshaw

2003-01-01

We inoculated loblolly pines with bark beetle-associated fungi and a fungal cell wall component, chitosan, known to induce responses in some pines and many other plants. Trees in Florida were inoculated with Leptographium procerum, L. terebrantis, Ophiostoma minus, or chitosan. Trees in Louisiana were inoculated with O. minus,...

The phenology and growth habits of pines in Hawaii

Treesearch

Ronald M. Lanner

1966-01-01

Hawaii has no native pines, but many species have been introduced as ornamental or potential timber trees. These species have been planted in environments that differ greatly from their natural habitat. This paper describes how the coordinated seasonal cycle of growth and flowering has been influenced by the climatic conditions these pines have encountered in Hawaii....

Soil Properties Related to Coniferous Seedling Height Growth in Northern Wisconsin

Treesearch

John J. Rawinski; James A. Bowles; Nonan V. Noste

1980-01-01

Soil properties (organic matter content, pH, texture, and microclimate) were related to early height growth of jack pine (Pinus banksiana, Lamb.), red pine (Pinus resinosa, Ait.), white spruce (Picea glauca, (Moench) Voss), and hybrid larch (Larix leptolepis x Larizx decidua) planted in northern Wisconsin. Based on 2-year height growth, jack pine and hybrid larch...

Spread of dwarfmistletoe into Jeffrey pine plantation..

Treesearch

Robert F. Scarpf; J.R. Parmeter

1967-01-01

A study at the Institute of Forest Genetics, Placerville. Calif . showed that dwarfmistletoe could spread from infected overstory ponderosa pine into planted Jeffrey pine--a maximum distance of about 145 feet. About one-third of the trees within this distance were infected after 22 years. The level of infection in the trees remained low. however and the parasite had...

Final Environmental Assessment: For a One-Megawatt Solar Array at Cheyenne Mountain Air Force Station

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-01

Dendroctonus ponderosae) and dwarf mistletoe 20 (Arceuthobium spp.) have been observed in these areas. 21 3.2.1.3 Oak-Pine Woodlands 22 The oak-pine...plant dwarf mistletoe and, to a 6 lesser degree, mountain pine beetles. These pests can damage and kill coniferous trees and may occur in 7 widespread

MicroComputer Software for Predicting Growth of Southern Timber Stands

Treesearch

Robert M. Farrar

1992-01-01

Sixteen BASIC programs and 21 electronic spreadsheet templates for microcomputers are presented with documentation and examples of use, This software permits simulation of the growth and yield of natural stands ofeven-aged southern pines, uneven-aged loblolly-shortleaf and shortleaf pines,even-aged yellow-poplar, and of certain planted pine stands for a variety of site...

Early growth of planted longleaf pine seedlings in relation to light, soil moisture, and soil temperature

Treesearch

Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2006-01-01

Drastic reductions in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) acreage have led to an increased focus on regeneration of the longleaf pine ecosystem. Many areas require artificial regeneration for establishment, and site preparation techniques may be implemented to increase regeneration success. The objectives of this study were to determine differences...

Clark's Nutcracker Breeding Season Space Use and Foraging Behavior.

PubMed

Schaming, Taza D

2016-01-01

Considering the entire life history of a species is fundamental to developing effective conservation strategies. Decreasing populations of five-needle white pines may be leading to the decline of Clark's nutcrackers (Nucifraga columbiana). These birds are important seed dispersers for at least ten conifer species in the western U.S., including whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an obligate mutualist of Clark's nutcrackers. For effective conservation of both Clark's nutcrackers and whitebark pine, it is essential to ensure stability of Clark's nutcracker populations. My objectives were to examine Clark's nutcracker breeding season home range size, territoriality, habitat selection, and foraging behavior in the southern Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, a region where whitebark pine is declining. I radio-tracked Clark's nutcrackers in 2011, a population-wide nonbreeding year following a low whitebark pine cone crop, and 2012, a breeding year following a high cone crop. Results suggest Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) communities are important habitat for Clark's nutcrackers because they selected it for home ranges. In contrast, they did not select whitebark pine habitat. However, Clark's nutcrackers did adjust their use of whitebark pine habitat between years, suggesting that, in some springs, whitebark pine habitat may be used more than previously expected. Newly extracted Douglas-fir seeds were an important food source both years. On the other hand, cached seeds made up a relatively lower proportion of the diet in 2011, suggesting cached seeds are not a reliable spring food source. Land managers focus on restoring whitebark pine habitat with the assumption that Clark's nutcrackers will be available to continue seed dispersal. In the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem, Clark's nutcracker populations may be more likely to be retained year-round when whitebark pine restoration efforts are located adjacent to Douglas-fir habitat. By extrapolation, whitebark pine restoration efforts in other regions may consider prioritizing restoration of whitebark pine stands near alternative seed sources.

A 2-Cys peroxiredoxin in response to oxidative stress in the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.

PubMed

Li, Zhen; Zhang, Qingwen; Zhou, Xuguo

2016-06-07

The pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, is the causal agent of pine wilt disease that has devastated pine forests in Asia. Parasitic nematodes are known to have evolved antioxidant stress responses that defend against host plant defenses. In this study, the infestation of whitebark pine, Pinus bungean, with B. xylophilus led to a significant increase in plant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and salicylic acid levels. Correspondingly, the expression of an antioxidative enzyme, 2-Cysteine peroxiredoxin (BxPrx), was elevated in B. xylophilus following the H2O2 treatments. Recombinant BxPrx, a thermal stabile and pH tolerant enzyme, exhibited high level of antioxidant activity against H2O2, suggesting that it is capable of protecting cells from free radical attacks. Immunohistochemical localization study showed that BxPrx was broadly expressed across different tissues and could be secreted outside the nematode. Finally, the number of BxPrx homologs in both dauer-like and fungi-feeding B. xylophilus were comparable based on bioinformatics analysis of existing EST libraries, indicating a potential role of BxPrx in both propagative and dispersal nematodes. These combined results suggest that BxPrx is a key genetic factor facilitating the infestation and distribution of B. xylophilus within pine hosts, and consequently the spread of pine wilt disease.

Quantifying structural and physiological controls on variation in canopy transpiration among planted pine and hardwood species in the southern Appalachians

Treesearch

Chelcy R. Ford; Robert M. Hubbard; James M. Vose

2010-01-01

Recent studies have shown that planted pine stands exhibit higher evapotranspiration (ET) and are more sensitive to climatic conditions compared with hardwood stands. Whether this is due to management and stand effects, biological effects or their interaction is poorly understood. We estimated growing season canopy- and sap flux-scaled leaf-level transpiration (Ec and...

Restoring Southern Pine Forests Ecosystems: Plant Community Response to Mechanical Midstory History Reduction and Prescribed Fire on Sandhills at Fort Benning Georgia

Treesearch

Dale Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt; Becky L. Estes

2003-01-01

Developed during periods of fire exclusion, dense midstory vegetation, that reduces understory plant diversity (competitive shading) and increases the risk of damaging Wildfire (fuel ladder from ground to canopy), has impeded restoration efforts to safely reintroduce prescribed burning in southern pine ecosystems. Our study evaluated the effects of midstory reduction...

Non-native plant invasions in managed and protected ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range

Treesearch

Paula J. Fornwalt; Merrill R. Kaufmann; Laurie S. Huckaby; Jason M. Stoker; Thomas J. Stohlgren

2003-01-01

We examined patterns of non-native plant diversity in protected and managed ponderosa pine/Douglas-fir forests of the Colorado Front Range. Cheesman Lake, a protected landscape, and Turkey Creek, a managed landscape, appear to have had similar natural disturbance histories prior to European settlement and fire protection during the last century. However, Turkey Creek...

Genetic variation of lodgepole pine physical and chemical defenses associated with each step in host selection behavior sequence by mountain pine beetle

Treesearch

Kimberly F. Wallin; Daniel S. Ott; Alvin D. Yanchuk

2012-01-01

Abiotic and biotic stressors exert selective pressures on plants, and over evolutionary time lead to the development of specialized adaptations and specific responses to stresses (Safranyik and Carroll 2006, Wallin and Raffa 2002). In this way, the environment in which plants evolve shapes their life cycles, range, growth, reproduction, and defenses. Insects and...

Foliar Analysis For Predicting Loblolly Pine Response To Phosphurus Fertilization on Wet Sites

Treesearch

Carol G. Wells; D.M. Crutchfield

1969-01-01

Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted in the South Carolina Coastal Plain on wetsites which had been ditched and bedded responded to P fertilization. Under conditions of severe P deficiency) tree height increased 82 percent in 3 years from application of 25 or 50 pounds of P per acre at planting. First-year growth data from four sites show that...

Inoculation and successful colonization of whitebark pine seedlings with native mycorrhizal fungi under greenhouse conditions

Treesearch

C. L. Cripps; E. Grimme

2011-01-01

Efforts to maintain and restore whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in western North America have increased dramatically over the last two decades and now include the planting of nursery-grown rust resistant seedlings in openings and burned areas. Over 200,000 nursery seedlings have been planted in the western U.S. but survival rates are low and in many areas...

Intensive Cultural Practices Increase Growth of Juvenile Slash Pine in Florida Sandhills

Treesearch

James B. Baker

1973-01-01

Growth of slash pine planted on a well-prepared Florida sandhill site and treated with NP fertilizer, irrigation, and weed control (applied singly and in factorial combination) was improved in almost direct proportion to the number of treatments applied. Five years after planting, untreated trees averaged 1.7 m tall, 1.52 cm dbh, and 821 cm³ in stemwood volume...

Agroforestry planting design affects loblolly pine growth

Treesearch

D.M. Burner

2013-01-01

The effect of plantation design on resource utilization has not been adequately investigated in agroforestry plantations. An experiment was conducted near Booneville, AR, on a silt loam soil with a fragipan. Loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) trees were planted in 1994 in three designs: two rows (1.2 by 2.4 m) with a 7.3-m alley, four rows (1.2 by 2.4 m...

Naturally seeded versus planted ponderosa pine seedlings in group-selection openings

Treesearch

Philip M. McDonald; Gary Fiddler; Martin Ritchie; Paula Anderson

2009-01-01

The purpose of this article was to determine whether natural regeneration or planted seedlings should be used in group-selection openings. The answer dependson the survival and growth rate of both types of seedlings, and that could depend on the size of the openings and the effect of trees on their edge. In thisside-by-side study, the natural pine seedlings originated...

Spot Application of Diammonium Phosphate and Poultry Litter at Establishment in an Old-Field Planted Loblolly Pine Plantation

Treesearch

Bryan C. McElvany; E. David Dickens; Tucker Price

2004-01-01

A study area was installed in the Coastal Plain (Quitman County) of Georgia to determine the benefits of surface microsite application of diammonium phosphate (DAP) and poultry litter to planted loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seedlings on an old-field site. Soils were Bonneau and Orangeburg. Experimental design was complete block with 3 replications...

Flammability of native understory species in pine flatwood and hardwood hammock ecosystems and implications for the wildland-urban interface

Treesearch

Anna L. Behm; Mary L. Duryea; Alan J. Long; Wayne C. Zipperer

2004-01-01

Six understory species from five pine flatwood sites and six understory species from five hardwood hammock sites were harvested for biomass analyses to compare potential flammability between two ecosystems. In the south-eastern coastal plain of the United States. Plant components were separated into live and dead foliage, accumulated litter on and under the plant, and...

Evapotranspiration of a Mid-Rotation Loblolly Pine Plantation and a Recently Harvested Stands on the Coastal Plain of North Carolina, U.S.A.

Treesearch

W. Cao; Ge Sun; Steve G. McNulty; J. Chen; A. Noormets; R. W. Skaggs; Devendra M. Amatya

2006-01-01

Evapotranspiration (ET) is the primary component of the forest hydrologic cycle, which includes plant transpiration, canopy rainfall interception, and soil evaporation. Quantifying ET processes and potential biophysical regulations is needed for assessing forest water management options. Loblolly pines are widely planted in the coastal plain of the Southeastern US, but...

Response of Foliage of Young Loblolly Pine to Woody and Herbaceous Plant Control

Treesearch

Bruce R. Zutter; James H. Miller; H. Lee Allen; Shepard M. Zedake; M. Boyd Edwards; Ray A. Newbold

1998-01-01

Woody and herbaceous weeds have been shown to have a significant negative impact on survival and/or growth of planted loblolly pine (Pinus fueae L.) in the southeastern United States (Nelson et al. 1981, Zutter et al. 1986. Bacon and Zedaker 1987, Miller et al. 1987, 1991). Most research studies have focttsed on the effects of controlling only herbaceous, only woody,...

Ice Damage in a Georgia Planting of Loblolly Pine from Different Seed Sources

Treesearch

Earle P. Jones; Osborn O. Wells

1969-01-01

After a severe ice storm in south-central Georgia, the degree of ice damage in a provenance test planting of 11-year-old loblolly pines varied considerably among the nine widely seperated seed sources represented. Damage was less among tress from the colder, more inland locations than among tress from coastal areas where the climate is more moderate. In terms of...

Long-term effects of dormant-season prescribed fire on plant community diversity, structure and productivity in a longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Clifford E. Lewis

1997-01-01

A flatwoods longleaf pine wiregrass ecosystem, which regenerated naturally following wildfire in 1942, on the Coastal Plain of southern Georgia was treated over a period of four decades with prescribed fire at annual, biennial and triennial intervals during the winter dormant season. Burning caused substantial changes in the understory plant community, with significant...

Short-term understory plant community responses to salvage logging in beetle-affected lodgepole pine forests

Treesearch

Paula J. Fornwalt; Charles C. Rhoades; Robert M. Hubbard; Rebecca L. Harris; Akasha M. Faist; William D. Bowman

2018-01-01

Recent bark beetle outbreaks in western North American subalpine forests have prompted managers to salvage log some beetle-affected stands. We examined the short-term (i.e., two to three years post-treatment) consequences of such salvage logging on vascular understory plant (i.e., graminoid, forb, and shrub) communities. At 24 lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) sites in...

Plantation Spacing Affects Early Growth of Planted Virginia Pine

Treesearch

T.E. Russell

1979-01-01

Spacings ranging from 4 x 4 to 8 x 8 ft did not affect 15 year height growth of Virginia pines planted on a cutover Cumberland Plateau site. Wider spacings produced trees of larger diameters than did closer spacings; closer spacings had more basal area and volume. Although height to the base of the live crown increased as spacing narrowed, self-pruning was poor at all...

Above- and belowground competition from longleaf pine plantations limits performance of reintroduced herbaceous species.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

T.B. Harrington; C.M. Dagley; M.B. Edwards.

2003-10-01

Although overstory trees limit the abundance and species richness of herbaceous vegetation in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations, the responsible mechanisms are poorly understood because of confounding among limiting factors. In fall 1998, research was initiated to determine the separate effects of above- and belowground competition and needlefall from overstory pines on understory plant performance. Three 13- to 15-yr-old plantations near Aiken, SC, were thinned to 0, 25, 50, or 100% of nonthinned basal area (19.5 m2 ha-1). Combinations of trenching (to eliminate root competition) and needlefall were applied to areas within each plot, and containerized seedlings of 14more » perennial herbaceous species and longleaf pine were planted within each. Overstory crown closure ranged from 0 to 81%, and soil water and available nitrogen varied consistently with pine stocking, trenching, or their combination. Cover of planted species decreased an average of 16.5 and 14.1% as a result of above- and below-ground competition, respectively. Depending on species, needlefall effects were positive, negative, or negligible. Results indicate that understory restoration will be most successful when herbaceous species are established within canopy openings (0.1-0.2 ha) managed to minimize negative effects from above- and belowground competition and needlefall.« less

Midsouth veneer industries, 1972

Treesearch

Daniel F. Bertelson

1974-01-01

The Midsouth harvested 2.3 billion board feet of veneer logs in 1972. Pine logs accounted for 93 percent of the total. Of the 101 active veneer plants in the region, 42 manufactured southern pine plywood.

Silvicultural treatments to regenerate principal species in the flat rock forest community

Treesearch

James E. Johnson; Laura S. Gellerstedt; David O. Mitchem

2006-01-01

Principal indicator tree species of the Flat Rock Forest Community include Virginia pine (Pinus virginiana Mill.), eastern redcedar (Juniperus virginiana L.), and post oak (Quercus stellata Wangenh.). These species are unusual for forests occurring adjacent to large rivers in the central and southern Appalachian...

The initial phase of a Longleaf Pine-Wiregrass Savanna restoration: species establishment and community responses.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aschenbach, Todd, A; Foster, Bryan, L.; Imm, Donald, W.

2010-09-01

AbstractAbstract The significant loss of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem in the southeastern United States has serious implications for biodiversity and ecosystem functioning. In response to this loss, we have initiated a long-term and landscape-scale restoration experiment at the 80,125 ha (310 mi2) Department of Energy Savannah River Site (SRS) located near Aiken, South Carolina. Aristida beyrichiana (wiregrass), an important and dominant grass (i.e., a “matrix” species) of the longleaf pine savanna understory, and 31 other herbaceous “non-matrix” species were planted at six locations throughout SRS in 2002 and 2003. Of the 36,056 transplanted seedlings, 75% were still alive in Junemore » 2004, while mean 1–2 year survival across all planted species was 48%. Lespedeza hirta (hairy lespedeza) exhibited the greatest overall survival per 3 ×3 m cell at 95%, whereas Schizachyrium spp. (little bluestem) exhibited the greatest mean cover among individual species at 5.9%. Wiregrass survival and cover were significantly reduced when planted with non-matrix species. Aggregate cover of all planted species in restored cells averaged 25.9% in 2006. High rates of survival and growth of the planted species resulted in greater species richness (SR), diversity, and vegetative cover in restored cells. Results suggest that the loss of the longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem may be ameliorated through restoration efforts and illustrate the positive impact of restoration plantings on biodiversity and vegetative cover.« less

Role of nurse shrubs for restoration planting of two conifers in southeast of Mu Us Sandland, China.

PubMed

Tian, Li; Wang, Xiaoan

2015-01-01

Two-year-old pine seedlings, Pinus tabulaeformis and Pinus sylvestris were planted under the canopies of three shrub species and in open areas to test for facilitation during seedling establishment in southeast of Mu Us Sandland in northern part of Shaanxi, China. Pine seedlings establishment were assessed three times within three consecutive growing seasons. Height, area and volume of shrubs were measured. Microclimate conditions (light intensity, air temperature and soil temperature and moisture) were recorded in four microhabitats. Near surface light intensity, air temperature and soil temperature were lower under shrubs, which led to higher soil moisture and pine seedlings under the canopy of shrub species. Pine seedlings survival was remarkably higher when planted under the canopy of shrub species (65.7% for P. tabulaeformis and 60.6% for P. sylvestris) as compared with open areas (22.4% for P. tabulaeformis and 38% for P. sylvestris). P. tabulaeformis with shade-tolerance trait expressed high survival of seedlings as compared to that of P. sylvestris seedlings under the canopy of shrub species (Tukey test, P < 0.05). Leguminous shrub (Caragana korshinskii and Amorpha fruticosa) showed continuously facilitation during moderate drought stress (summer 2012, 2013 and 2014), but dense and small shrub (Caragana korshinskii) reduced the establishment of seedlings possibly for light competition. Salix cheilophila showed a facilitation effect in growing seasons, but the effect of allelopathy led to high mortality of seedlings under their canopy. in addition, two pine growths were not inhibited when planted under three shrubs. In conclusions, nurse-shrub facilitation can be used as an effective restoration strategy in this sandland. However, use of shrubs as nurse plants depends on their canopy structure and ecological impacts; the selection of target species depends on their shade tolerance traits.

Late Quaternary alluviation and offset along the eastern Big Pine fault, southern California

USGS Publications Warehouse

DeLong, S.B.; Minor, S.A.; Arnold, L.J.

2007-01-01

Determining late Quaternary offset rates on specific faults within active mountain belts is not only a key component of seismic hazard analysis, but sheds light on regional tectonic development over geologic timescales. Here we report an estimate of dip-slip rate on the eastern Big Pine oblique-reverse fault in the upper Cuyama Valley within the western Transverse Ranges of southern California, and its relation to local landscape development. Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating of sandy beds within coarse-grained alluvial deposits indicates that deposition of alluvium shed from the Pine Mountain massif occurred near the southern margin of the Cuyama structural basin at the elevation of the Cuyama River between 25 and 14??ka. This alluvial deposit has been offset ??? 10??m vertically by the eastern Big Pine fault, providing a latest Quaternary dip-slip rate estimate of ??? 0.9??m/ky based on a 50?? fault dip. Incision of the adjacent Cuyama River has exposed a section of older Cuyama River sediments beneath the Pine Mountain alluvium that accumulated between 45 and 30??ka on the down-thrown footwall block of the eastern Big Pine fault. Corroborative evidence for Holocene reverse-slip on the eastern Big Pine fault is ??? 1??m of incised bedrock that is characteristically exposed beneath 2-3.5??ka fill terraces in tributaries south of the fault. The eastern Big Pine fault in the Cuyama Valley area has no confirmed record of historic rupture; however, based on our results, we suggest the likelihood of multiple reverse-slip rupture events since 14??ka. ?? 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A whole stand growth and yield system for young longleaf pine plantations in Southwest Georgia

Treesearch

John R. Brooks; Steven B. Jack

2006-01-01

A whole stand growth and yield system for planted longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was developed from permanent plot data collected annually over an 8 year period. The dataset consists of 12 intensively-managed longleaf pine plantations that are located in Lee, Worth, Mitchell, and Baker counties in southwest Georgia. Stand survival, dominant...

Effects of competition from young northern hardwoods on red pine seedling growth, nutrient use efficiency, and leaf morphology

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; Alan S. White

1993-01-01

The effects of competition from three northern hardwood tree species on red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings were examined on two clear-cut sites in western Maine. We examined how planted red pine seedlings altered their nutrient use efficiency and shoot morphology under changing environmental conditions and how these changes related to their...

Carbon costs of constitutive and expressed resistance to a non-native pathogen in limber pine

Treesearch

Patrick J. Vogan; Anna W. Schoettle

2016-01-01

Increasing the frequency of resistance to the non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola (causative agent of white pine blister rust, WPBR) in limber pine populations is a primary management objective to sustain high-elevation forest communities. However, it is not known to what extent genetic disease resistance is costly to plant growth or carbon economy. In this...

Eleven-year loblolly pine growth in respononse to site preparation and seedling type in North Louisiana

Treesearch

Michael A. Blazier; Terry R. Clason

2006-01-01

On a well-drained site in northwest Louisiana, effects of seedling type (container, bareroot) and herbicide site preparation (hexazinone, hexazinone + sulfometuron, imazapyr + metsulfuron) on loblolly pine growth and survival have been tested for 11 years. All possible combinations of these treatments were applied to loblolly pine planted at 302 trees acre-1, and these...

Nitric Acid and Benomyl Stimulate Rapid Height Growth of Longleaf Pine

Treesearch

A.G. Kais; R.C. Hare; J.P. Barnett

1984-01-01

Rapid height growth of longleaf pine seedlings, important to production of uniform, even-aged stands, can be promoted by controlling brown-spot needle blight and weed competition, and by increasing soil fertility. Root systems of container-grown longleaf pine seedlings were dip-treated in either benomyl/clay mix (10 percent a.i. benomyl) or clay control and planted...

Is there a morphological or physiological explanation for the dramatic increase in hybridization between loblolly and shortleaf pine?

Treesearch

Rodney E. Will; Curtis J. Lilly; John F. Stewart; C. Dana Nelson; Charles G. Taue

2015-01-01

Hybrids between shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) have dramatically increased since the 1950s (Stewart and others 2012). Fire suppression, planting nonnative seed sources, and other anthropogenic activities have the potential to break down ecological barriers that previously kept these species from interbreeding (Tauer and others...

Stand Dynamics and Plant Associates of Loblolly Pine Plantations to Midrotation after Early Intensive Vegetation Management-A Southeastern United States Regional Study

Treesearch

James H. Miller; Bruce R. Zutter; Ray A. Newbold; M. Boyd Edwards; Shepard M. Zedaker

2003-01-01

Increasingly, pine plantations worldwide are grown using early control of woodv and/or herbaceous vegetation. Assuredsustainablepractices require long-term data on pine plantation development detailing patterns and processes to understand both crop-competition dynamics and the role of stand participants in providing multiple attributes such as biodiversity conservation...

A 16-year evaluation of effects of ripping on shortleaf pine on a Missouri ozarks site

Treesearch

David Gwaze; Carl Hauser; Mark Johanson

2006-01-01

A shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) ripping study was established by the Missouri Department of Conservation in March 1988 at the Logan Creek Conservation Area. The objective of the study was to evaluate the effects of ripping on survival, height, diameter, volume, crown spread, and free-to-grow status of planted shortleaf pine seedlings. Ripping...

Root-zone temperature and water availability affect early root growth of planted longleaf pine

Treesearch

M.A. Sword

1995-01-01

Longleaf pine seedlings from three seed sources were exposed to three root-zone temperatures and three levels of water availability for 28 days. Root growth declined as temperature and water availability decreased. Root growth differed by seed source. Results suggest that subtle changes in the regeneration environment may influence early root growth of longleaf pine...

Variation in microclimate and early growth of planted pines under dispersed and aggregated overstory retention in mature managed red pine in Minnesota

Treesearch

JeriLynn E. Peck; Eric K. Zenner; Brian Palik

2012-01-01

Retention harvests are proposed as mechanisms for introducing two-aged structure into even-aged red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) stands, yet little is known about seedling responses to overstory abundance and resource availability under potential harvesting treatments. We related spatially explicit measurements of overstory abundance, proportional...

Specific gravity responses of slash and loblolly pine following mid-rotation fertilization

Treesearch

Kimberly R. Love-Myers; Alexander Clark III; Laurence R. Schimleck; Eric J. Jokela; Richard F. Daniels

2009-01-01

Wood quality attributes were examined in six stands of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var. elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) in the lower Coastal Plain of Georgia and Florida. Several plots comprised each stand, and each plot was divided so that it received three fertilizer treatments: a control treatment with herbaceous weed control at planting...

Incidence and impact of damage and mortality trends to South Carolina's timber, 1986

Treesearch

Robert L. Anderson; Noel D. Cost; William H. Hoffard; Clair Redmond; Joe Glover

1990-01-01

On South Carolina's 12.2 million acres of timberland, 186 million cubic feet of timber were lost annually to mortality and cull between 1978 and 1986. The estimated annual monetary loss was $97.3 million. Among broad management types. natural pine, planted pine, upland hardwoods, and bottomland hardwoods - the greatest loss occurred in natural pine stands. About...

Second-growth white pine in Wisconsin

Treesearch

S.R. Gervorkiantz; Raphael. Zon

1930-01-01

If white pine forests are to be made an important source of timber in the state either through planting or the proper handling of stands already established, it is essential to have the facts regarding the commercial possibilities of this tree. The facts which must be ascertained first of all are, how long does it take white pine to become merchantable, and what are...

Reinvasion of Hardwoods Following Eradication in an Unveven-Aged Pine Stand

Treesearch

M.D. Cain; D.A. Yaussy

1983-01-01

Study quantitatively describes the woody plant component that developed in an uneven-aged loblolly/shortleaf pine stand following hardwood eradication. Comparisons are made with four other stands managed at various intensity levels.

Mountain pine beetle host selection between lodgepole and ponderosa pines in the southern Rocky Mountains

USGS Publications Warehouse

West, Daniel R.; Briggs, Jenny S.; Jacobi, William R.; Negron, Jose F.

2016-01-01

Recent evidence of range expansion and host transition by mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; MPB) has suggested that MPB may not primarily breed in their natal host, but will switch hosts to an alternate tree species. As MPB populations expanded in lodgepole pine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, we investigated the potential for movement into adjacent ponderosa pine forests. We conducted field and laboratory experiments to evaluate four aspects of MPB population dynamics and host selection behavior in the two hosts: emergence timing, sex ratios, host choice, and reproductive success. We found that peak MPB emergence from both hosts occurred simultaneously between late July and early August, and the sex ratio of emerging beetles did not differ between hosts. In two direct tests of MPB host selection, we identified a strong preference by MPB for ponderosa versus lodgepole pine. At field sites, we captured naturally emerging beetles from both natal hosts in choice arenas containing logs of both species. In the laboratory, we offered sections of bark and phloem from both species to individual insects in bioassays. In both tests, insects infested ponderosa over lodgepole pine at a ratio of almost 2:1, regardless of natal host species. Reproductive success (offspring/female) was similar in colonized logs of both hosts. Overall, our findings suggest that MPB may exhibit equally high rates of infestation and fecundity in an alternate host under favorable conditions.

Sulphur isotopes as tracers of the influence of a coal-fired power plant on a Scots pine forest in Catalonia (NE Spain)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puig, R.; Àvila, A.; Soler, A.

Stable sulphur isotopes and major ionic composition were analysed in precipitation and throughfall samples from a Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris, L.) forest near the Cercs coal-fired power plant (Catalonia, NE Spain). The purpose of the study was to determine the main sources of sulphur deposition on this pine forest. Sulphur isotope measurements from the SO 2 power plant stack emissions were used to identify the isotopic signature of this source. Net throughfall fluxes of sulphur (26.1 kg S ha 1 yr -1) and nitrogen (16.3 kg N ha -1 yr -1) were higher—5-25 times higher for S and 5-15 times for N—at this site than in other forests in Catalonia. Sulphur isotope analysis confirmed that the net throughfall fluxes of sulphur were mostly due to the dry deposition of the SO 2 power plant emissions onto the pine canopies. Two potential atmospheric end-members were distinguished: regional background rainwater (δ 34S=+7.2‰) and power plant emissions (δ 34S=-2.8‰). By applying a two-component sulphur isotope mixing model, we found that during periods of low power plant activity (⩽10 emission h day -1), 62% of the throughfall sulphate could be attributed to the power plant emissions. At higher activity periods (⩾14 emission h day -1), this contribution rose to 73%. Although power plant contribution to bulk deposition was lower in both cases (34% and 45%), the possible influence of sulphate coming with long-range transport events from the polluted areas in the Mediterranean basin (δ 34S≈0‰) was not discarded.

Effects of seeding ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) on vegetation recovery following fire in a ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) forest

USGS Publications Warehouse

Barclay, Angela D.; Betancourt, Julio L.; Allen, Craig D.

2004-01-01

Forty-nine vegetation transects were measured in 1997 and 1998 to determine the impact of grass seeding after the 1996 Dome Fire, which burned almost 6900 ha of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Lawson) forest in the Jemez Mountains of north-central New Mexico. High- and moderate-burned areas in Santa Fe National Forest were seeded with a mixture that included the exotic ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). Adjacent burned areas of Bandelier National Monument were not seeded, and were used as a control in the post-seeding study. On the seeded plots, foliar cover of ryegrass declined from 1997 to 1998 due to self-inhibition and/or reduced precipitation from 1997 to 1998. Foliar cover and diversity of native forbs were greater in 1997 than 1998, probably due to a wet growing season in 1997. Cover, species richness, and diversity of native forbs were highest in non-seeded areas of moderate- and high-burn intensities. Regeneration and survivorship of conifer seedlings decreased as ryegrass cover increased, particularly in areas of high-burn intensity. Exotic plant cover, mostly horseweed [Conyza canadensis (L.) Cronq.], increased from 1997 to 1998 in non-seeded areas of moderate- and high-burn intensity. Both the initial success of seeding and the eventual impacts on native vegetation were strongly modulated by climate variability.

Fungicides improve field performance of stored loblolly and longleaf pine seedlings

Treesearch

John C. Brissette

1996-01-01

Seedlings of loblolly and longleaf pine lifted in December, January, and February were treated with either benomyl or ridomil before cold storage. Along with an untreated control, they were planted after cold storage of less than 1 wk, 3 wk, and 6 wk. Survival was measured in mid-June after planting, and after 1 and 4 yr in the field. Total height was measured after 4...

Effect of cattle grazing, seeded grass, and an herbicide on ponderosa pine seedling survival and growth

Treesearch

Philip M. McDonald; Gary O. Fiddler

1999-01-01

On a site of above-average quality in northern California, an early shrub-forb-grass plant community was treated by artificially seeding two forage grass species at plantation age 3, cattle grazing with and without seeded grasses, and applying a soil-active chemical (Velpar). Planted ponderosa pines were part of this community. Results for a 10-year period (1988-1997)...

Eleventh-year response of loblolly pine and competing vegetation to woody and herbaceous plant control on a Georgia flatwoods site

Treesearch

Bruce R. Zutter; James H. Miller

1998-01-01

Through 11 growing seasons, growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) increased after control of herbaceous, woody, or both herbaceous and woody vegetation (total control) for the first 3 years after planting on a bedded site in the Georgia coastal flatwoods. Gains in stand volume index from controlling either herbaceous or woody vegetation alone were approximately two-...

Use of the Fakopp TreeSonic acoustic device to estimate wood quality characteristics in loblolly pine trees planted at different densities

Treesearch

Ralph L. Amateis; Harold E. Burkhart

2015-01-01

A Fakopp TreeSonic acoustic device was used to measure time of flight (TOF) impulses through sample trees prior to felling from 27-year-old loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantations established at different planting densities. After felling, the sample trees were sawn into lumber and the boards subjected to edgewise bending under 2-point loading. Bending properties...

Results 18 years after planting loblolly pines at different spacings

Treesearch

S. Little; H. A. Somes

1958-01-01

In 1939 a test of four spacings in planting loblolly pine seedlings was begun in an abandoned field on Maryland's Eastern Shore. The spacings were 4, 5.7, 8, and 11.3 feet between trees; each spacing was replicated on four 100-footsquare plots. In the 4- and 8-foot spacings, rows and trees within rows were 4 or 8 feet apart, with trees opposite in adjoining rows....

Patterns and determinants of plant biodiversity in non-commercial forests of eastern China

PubMed Central

Wu, Chuping; Vellend, Mark; Yuan, Weigao; Jiang, Bo; Liu, Jiajia; Shen, Aihua; Liu, Jinliang; Zhu, Jinru

2017-01-01

Non-commercial forests represent important habitats for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem function in China, yet no studies have explored the patterns and determinants of plant biodiversity in these human dominated landscapes. Here we test the influence of (1) forest type (pine, mixed, and broad-leaved), (2) disturbance history, and (3) environmental factors, on tree species richness and composition in 600 study plots in eastern China. In total, we found 143 species in 53 families of woody plants, with a number of species rare and endemic in the study region. Species richness in mixed forest and broad-leaved forest was higher than that in pine forest, and was higher in forests with less disturbance. Species composition was influenced by environment factors in different ways in different forest types, with important variables including elevation, soil depth and aspect. Surprisingly, we found little effect of forest age after disturbance on species composition. Most non-commercial forests in this region are dominated by species poor pine forests and mixed young forests. As such, our results highlight the importance of broad-leaved forests for regional plant biodiversity conservation. To increase the representation of broad-leaved non-commercial forests, specific management practices such as thinning of pine trees could be undertaken. PMID:29161324

Patterns and determinants of plant biodiversity in non-commercial forests of eastern China.

PubMed

Wu, Chuping; Vellend, Mark; Yuan, Weigao; Jiang, Bo; Liu, Jiajia; Shen, Aihua; Liu, Jinliang; Zhu, Jinru; Yu, Mingjian

2017-01-01

Non-commercial forests represent important habitats for the maintenance of biodiversity and ecosystem function in China, yet no studies have explored the patterns and determinants of plant biodiversity in these human dominated landscapes. Here we test the influence of (1) forest type (pine, mixed, and broad-leaved), (2) disturbance history, and (3) environmental factors, on tree species richness and composition in 600 study plots in eastern China. In total, we found 143 species in 53 families of woody plants, with a number of species rare and endemic in the study region. Species richness in mixed forest and broad-leaved forest was higher than that in pine forest, and was higher in forests with less disturbance. Species composition was influenced by environment factors in different ways in different forest types, with important variables including elevation, soil depth and aspect. Surprisingly, we found little effect of forest age after disturbance on species composition. Most non-commercial forests in this region are dominated by species poor pine forests and mixed young forests. As such, our results highlight the importance of broad-leaved forests for regional plant biodiversity conservation. To increase the representation of broad-leaved non-commercial forests, specific management practices such as thinning of pine trees could be undertaken.

Comparison of bacterial and fungal communities between natural and planted pine forests in subtropical China.

PubMed

Nie, Ming; Meng, Han; Li, Ke; Wan, Jia-Rong; Quan, Zhe-Xue; Fang, Chang-Ming; Chen, Jia-Kuan; Li, Bo

2012-01-01

To improve our understanding of the changes in bacterial and fungal diversity in natural pine and planted forests in subtropical region of China, we examined bacterial and fungal communities from a native and a nearby planted pine forest of the Mt. Lushan by constructing clone libraries of 16S and 18S rRNA genes. For bacterial communities, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteria were dominant bacterial taxa in both two types of forest soils. The Shannon-Wiener diversity index, rarefaction curve analysis, and LibShuff analysis suggest that these two forests contained similar diversity of bacterial communities. Low soil acidity (pH ≈ 4) of our study forests might be one of the most important selection factors determining growth of acidophilic Acidobacteria and Proteobacteria. However, the natural forest harbored greater level of fungal diversity than the planted forest according to the Shannon-Wiener diversity index and rarefaction curve analysis. Basidiomycota and Ascomycota were dominant fungal taxa in the soils of natural and planted forests, respectively. Our results suggest that fungal community was more sensitive than the bacterial community in characterizing the differences in plant cover impacts on the microbial flora in the natural and planted forests. The natural and planted forests may function differently due to the differences in soil fungal diversity and relative abundance.

Artificial regeneration of shortleaf pine

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John C. Brissette; William C. Carlson

1986-01-01

The artificial means for establishing stands of shortleaf pine seedlings are reviewed. In addition to the relative merits of direct seeding and planting of bare-root and container seedlings, techniques that should help ensure successful stand establishment are discussed.

AmeriFlux US-Dk3 Duke Forest - loblolly pine

DOE Data Explorer

Novick, Kim [Indiana University; Oishi, Chris [USDA Forest Service; Stoy, Paul [Montana State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Dk3 Duke Forest - loblolly pine. Site Description - The site was established in 1983 following a clear cut and a burn. Pinus taeda L. (loblolly pine) seedlings were planted at 2.4m by 2.4m spacing and ecosystem development has not been managed after planting. Canopy height increased from 16m in 2001 to 18m in 2004. The canopy is comprised primarily of P. taeda with some emergent Liquidambar styraciflua L. and a diverse and growing understory with 26 different woody species of diameter breast height 42.5 cm. The flux tower lies upwind of the CO2-enriched components of the free atmosphere carbon enrichment (FACE) facility located in the same pine forest. EC instrumentation is at 20.2m on a 22m tower.

Low effect of young afforestations on bird communities inhabiting heterogeneous Mediterranean cropland

PubMed Central

Rey Benayas, José M.; Carrascal, Luis M.

2015-01-01

Afforestation programs such as the one promoted by the EU Common Agricultural Policy have spread tree plantations on former cropland. These afforestations attract generalist forest and ubiquitous species but may cause severe damage to open habitat species, especially birds of high conservation value. We investigated the effects of young (<20 yr) tree plantations dominated by pine P. halepensis on bird communities inhabiting the adjacent open farmland habitat in central Spain. We hypothesize that pine plantations located at shorter distances from open fields and with larger surface would affect species richness and conservation value of bird communities. Regression models controlling for the influence of land use types around plantations revealed positive effects of higher distance to pine plantation edge on community species richness in winter, and negative effects on an index of conservation concern (SPEC) during the breeding season. However, plantation area did not have any effect on species richness or community conservation value. Our results indicate that the effects of pine afforestation on bird communities inhabiting Mediterranean cropland are diluted by heterogeneous agricultural landscapes. PMID:26664801

Pine seed germination under weightlessness (a study of the Kosmos 782 satellite)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Platonova, R. N.; Parfenov, G. P.; Olkhovenko, V. P.; Karpova, N. I.; Pichugov, M. Y.

1977-01-01

Orientation of the above and underground organs of pine plants, grown from seeds under weightlessness, was found to be determined by seed position on the substrate. Normal plant growth was observed only if the seed embryos were oriented toward the substrate. Some differences were noted between the experimental and control plants concerning the amount of nucleoli in the root meristematic cells and the cell shape in cotyledonous leaves. No complete similarity was found in experimental results obtained with plants under weightlessness and under compensated gravity. The seeds were obtained from Pinus silvestris, considered to be particularly suitable for this experiment.

Soil-plant-atmosphere conditions regulating convective cloud formation above southeastern US pine plantations

Treesearch

Gabriele Manoli; Jean-Christophe Domec; Kimberly Novick; Andrew C. Oishi; Asko Noormets; Marco Marani; Gabriel Katul

2016-01-01

Loblolly pine trees (Pinus taeda L.) occupy more than 20% of the forested area in the southern United States, representmore than 50% of the standing pine volume in this region, and remove from the atmosphere about 500 g C m_2 per year through net ecosystem exchange. Hence, their significance as a major regional carbon sink can hardly be...

Visual Basic Growth-and-Yield Models With A Merchandising Optimizer For Planted Slash and Loblolly Pine in the West Gulf Region

Treesearch

R.L. Busby; S.J. Chang; P.R. Pasala; J.C.G. Goelz

2004-01-01

We developed two growth-and-yield models for thinned and unthinned plantations of slash pine (Pinus elliottii Engelm. var elliottii) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.). The models, VB Merch-Slash and VB Merch-Lob, can be used to forecast product volumes and stand values for stands partitioned into 1-inch diameter-at...

Multiple diseases impact survival of pine species planted in red spine stands harvested in spatially variable retention patterns

Treesearch

M.E. Ostry; M.J. Moore; C.C. Kern; R.C. Venette; B.J. Palik

2012-01-01

Increasing the diversity of species and structure of red pine (Pinus resinosa) is often a management goal in stands simplified by practices such as fire suppression and plantation management in many areas of the Great Lakes Region. One approach to diversification is to convert predominantly even-aged, pure red pine stands to multi-cohort, mixed-...

Restoration and management of eastern white pine within high blister rust hazard zones in the Lake States

Treesearch

S. A. Katovich; J. G. O' Brien; M. E. Mielke; M. E. Ostry

2004-01-01

In areas considered high hazard for blister rust in the northern Lake States, six white pine plantings were established between 1989 and 1999 to: (1) evaluate the impacts of blister rust, white pine weevil, browsing, and competition stress on tree growth and survival, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize damage. The...

Effects of mass inoculation on induced oleoresin response in intensively managed loblolly pine

Treesearch

Kier D. Klepzig; Daniel J. Robison; Glenn Fowler; Peter R. Minchin; Fred P. Hain; H. Lee Allen

2005-01-01

Oleoresin flow is an important factor in the resistance of pines to attack by southern pine beetle, Dendroctonus frontalis Zimm., and its associated fungi. Abiotic factors, such as nutrient supply and water relations, have the potential to modify this plant–insect–fungus interaction; however, little is known of the effects of inoculation with beetle-...

Site preparation effects on soil bulk density and pine seedling growth

Treesearch

John J. Stransky

1981-01-01

Soil bulk density was sampled the first and third growing seasons after site preparation and pine planting on three clearcut pine-hardwood forest sites in eastern Texas. Bulk density was measured 10 cm below the surface of mineral soil using a surface moisture-density probe. Plots that had been KG-bladed and chopped had significanlty higher bulk density than those that...

Effects of canopy treatments on early growth of planted longleaf pine seedlings and ground vegetation in North Carolina: a preliminary study

Treesearch

Huifeng Hu; Benjamin O. Knapp; G. Geoff Wang; Joan L. Walker

2013-01-01

We installed a field experiment to support the development of protocols to restore longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) to existing mature loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) stands at Camp Lejeune, NC. Seven canopy treatments included four uniform and three gap treatments. The four uniform treatments were defined by target residual basal...

Effects of Lifting Method, Seedling Size, and Herbaceous Weed Control on First-Year Growth of Loblolly Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Jason P. Reynolds; Thomas A. Greene; John R. Britt

2002-01-01

In fall, 1999, an experiment was installed to measure the effects and interactions of lifting method, seedling size, and weed competition on growth of loblolly pine (P. teada) seedlings during the first two growing seasons. Loblolly pine seedlings grown at two bed densities and lifted either by hand or machine were planted in southwestern Georgia...

Site Preparation and Fertilization Effects on Growth of Slash Pine for Two Rotations

Treesearch

A.E. Tiarks; J.D. Haywood

1996-01-01

Two replicated site preparation studies were used to examine the effect of management on pine height and volume growth in the next rotation on Paleudults. Treatments included notillage,flat disking, bedding, and fertilization. The first rotation of planted slash pine (pinus elliottii Engelm.var. eliottii)was measured for 15 yr on one site and 20 yr at the other,...

An 8-year field comparison of naturally seeded to planted container Pinus taeda, with and without release

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; James P. Barnett

1996-01-01

Abstract:A field study compared genetically improved, container loblolly pines (Pinus taeda L.) with naturally seeded loblolly pines through eight growing seasons on a cutover site in southern Arkansas, U.S.A. Measurement pines on 6 of 12 plots were released from woody and herbaceous competition within a 61-cm radius of each tree stem. On natural...

Impacts of prescribed fire frequency on coarse woody debris volume, decomposition and termite activity in the longleaf pine flatwoods of Florida

Treesearch

James L. Hanula; Michael D. Ulyshen; Dale D. Wade

2012-01-01

Abstract: Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) ecosystems have been reduced dramatically throughout their range. Prescribed burning is considered the best way to restore and maintain plant communities associated with longleaf pine, but little is known about its effects on coarse woody debris and associated organisms. We conducted a 5-year study on the...

The longest active thinned and pruned loblolly pine permanent plots: the last measurement

Treesearch

Denise R. General; Curtis L. VanderSchaaf; B. Zeide

2013-01-01

The longest active study of the effects of thinning and pruning on growth of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) was established by Dr. James D. Burton in 1970 in a typical 12-year-old loblolly pine (plantation was 11 years old) stand planted by then the Georgia-Pacific Corporation in the southeastern corner of Arkansas. Basal area has been maintained at...

Forest landowner attitudes toward shortleaf pine restoration: results of nine Missouri focus groups

Treesearch

Heather Scroggins; David Gwaze; Michele Baumer

2013-01-01

Shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) once occurred on 6.6 million acres in the State of Missouri, but by the 1970s only 400,000 acres had shortleaf pine. Since 1935 seeds and seedlings have been sold to the public in the State, as well as planted on public lands, for habitat improvement, timber production, and increasing biodiversity. In Missouri,...

4.4.5S: Genetic interactions of white pines and blister rust in western North America

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

1998-01-01

A century since its introduction to North America from Europe, white pine blister rust has come to be recognized as one of the catastrophic plant disease epidemics in history. It has yet to stabilize, continuing to spread and intensify. The nine native white pine hosts comprise major timber producers, important watershed protectors, keystone ecological species, and the...

Sowing and planting season for western yellow pine

Treesearch

W. G. Wahlenberg

1925-01-01

In experiments with the western yellow pine (Pinus ponderosa) at the Savenac Nursery at Haugan, Mont., many helpful things have been learned, although it may now be seen that the first years of experimentation were not as effective as they might have been. The problem was attacked in much the same way as that of the western white pine (Pinus monticola), because at that...

Influence of selection systems and shelterwood methods on understory plant communities of longleaf pine forests in flatwoods and uplands

Treesearch

Dale G. Brockway; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2015-01-01

Although longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) forests have mostly been managed with even-aged methods, interest has been rising in uneven-aged systems, as a means of achieving a broader range of stewardship objectives. Selection silviculture has been practiced on a limited scale in longleaf pine, but difficulty of using traditional approaches and...

Soil physical property response to prescribed fire in two young longleaf pine stands on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain

Treesearch

Mary Anne Sword Sayer

2007-01-01

Prescribed fire every 2 to 4 years is an important component of longleaf pine ecosystem restoration. Under some circumstances, repeated fire could change soil physical properties on the Western Gulf Coastal Plain. The objective of this study was to evaluate the soil bulk density, porosity fractions, and plant-available water holding capacity of restored longleaf pine...

Growth and Fusiform Rust Responses of Piedmont Loblolly Pine After Severa1 Site Preparation and Regeneration Methods

Treesearch

W. Henry McNab

1990-01-01

Cutover pine-hardwood sites in the Piedmont of central Georgia were prepared by prescribed burning or drum chopping and regenerated to loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) by planting or direct-seeding. Site preparation had little effect on soil physical properties. After an average of 12 years, trees were larger in dbh and total height, the merchantable...

Recent advances in understanding duff consumption and post-fire longleaf pine mortality

Treesearch

J. Morgan Varner; Jesse K. Kreye; Joseph O' Brien

2016-01-01

Many longleaf pine stands across the range have suffered decades of fire exclusion, leading to declines in plant and animal biodiversity and complicating restoration and management efforts. Recent research on this topic has focused on the physiological response of overstory longleaf pines and the fuel characteristics of the surrounding forest floor. In small-scale and...

Christmas Tree Pest Manual, Third Edition

Treesearch

Steven Katovich; Deborah McCullough; Michael Ostry; Jill O’Donnell; Isabel Munck; Cliff Sadof

2014-01-01

Continuing mortality of red pine from an unknown cause has been observed in 30 to 40 year old plantations in southern and west central Wisconsin. A single tree or small group of trees die, followed by mortality of adjacent trees. These circular pockets of dead trees expand up to 0.3 acre per year.

Logging effects on soil moisture losses

Treesearch

Robert R. Ziemer

1978-01-01

Abstract - The depletion of soil moisture within the surface 15 feet by an isolated mature sugar pine and an adjacent uncut forest in the California Sierra Nevada was measured by the neutron method every 2 weeks for 5 consecutive summers. Soil moisture recharge was measured periodically during the intervening winters. Groundwater fluctuations within the surface 50...

Influencing factors on vegetative cogongrass spread into pine forests on the Mississippi gulf coast

Treesearch

Jon D. Prevost; Donald L. Grebner; Jeanne C. Jones; Stephen C. Grado; Keith L. Belli; John D. Byrd

2010-01-01

Cogongrass [Imperata cylindrical (L.) Beauv.] is an invasive species that is spreading throughout forested ecosystems across the Southeastern United States. A field experiment was conducted in Hancock County, MS to determine if mid-rotation mechanical disturbance increased the rate of growth and spread of roadside cogongrass patches into adjacent...

Avian Communities of Streamside Zones in The Ouachita Mountains of Arkansas

Treesearch

Ronald E. Thill; Philip A. Tappe; M. Anthony Melchiors; T. Bently Wigley

2004-01-01

Linear strips of forest along intermittent and perennial streams, commonly called streamside zones (SZs), are frequently retained for watershed protection and wildlife habitat enhancement in southern pine forests when adjacent stands are harvested. However, little is known regarding wildlife communities associated with SZs, particularly in relation to varying SZ widths...

Saratoga Spittlebug

Treesearch

Louis F. Wilson

1978-01-01

The Saratoga spittlebug, Aphrophora saratogensis, so called because it was first collected in Saratoga County, N. Y., is a native insect that is destructive to several species of pine in Eastern North America. It occurs where ever its host grows, from Maine to Minnesota in the United States and in the southern portions of the adjacent Canadian Provinces. The adult of...

Fourmile Canyon Fire Findings

Treesearch

Russell Graham; Mark Finney; Chuck McHugh; Jack Cohen; Dave Calkin; Rick Stratton; Larry Bradshaw; Ned Nikolov

2012-01-01

The Fourmile Canyon Fire burned in the fall of 2010 in the Rocky Mountain Front Range adjacent to Boulder, Colorado. The fire occurred in steep, rugged terrain, primarily on privately owned mixed ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir forests. The fire started on September 6 when the humidity of the air was very dry (¡Ö

Pine as Fast Food: Foraging Ecology of an Endangered Cockatoo in a Forestry Landscape

PubMed Central

Stock, William D.; Finn, Hugh; Parker, Jackson; Dods, Ken

2013-01-01

Pine plantations near Perth, Western Australia have provided an important food source for endangered Carnaby’s Cockatoos (Calyptorhynchus latirostris) since the 1940s. Plans to harvest these plantations without re-planting will remove this food source by 2031 or earlier. To assess the impact of pine removal, we studied the ecological association between Carnaby’s Cockatoos and pine using behavioural, nutritional, and phenological data. Pine plantations provided high densities of seed (158 025 seeds ha−1) over a large area (c. 15 000 ha). Carnaby’s Cockatoos fed throughout these plantations and removed almost the entire annual crop of pine cones. Peak cockatoo abundance coincided with pine seed maturation. Pine seed had energy and protein contents equivalent to native food sources and, critically, is available in summer when breeding pairs have young offspring to feed. This strong and enduring ecological association clearly suggests that removing pine will have a significant impact on this endangered species unless restoration strategies, to establish alternative food sources, are implemented. PMID:23593413

Biodiversity losses: The downward spiral

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tomback, Diana F.; Kendall, Katherine C.; Tomback, Diana F.; Arno, Stephen F.; Keane, Robert E.

2001-01-01

The dramatic decline of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) populations in the northwestern United States and southwestern Canada from the combined effects of fire exclusion, mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and the projected decline of whitebark pine populations rangewide (Chapters 10 and 11) do not simply add up to local extirpations of a single tree species. Instead, the loss of whitebark pine has broad ecosystem-level consequences, eroding local plant and animal biodiversity, changing the time frame of succession, and altering the distribution of subalpine vegetation (Chapter 1). One potential casualty of this decline may be the midcontinental populations of the grizzly bear (Ursus arctos horribilis), which use whitebark pine seeds as a major food source (Chapter 7). Furthermore, whitebark pine is linked to other white pine ecosystems in the West through its seed-disperser, Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana) (Chapter 5). Major declines in nutcracker populations ultimately seal the fate of several white pine ecosystems, and raise the question of whether restoration is possible once a certain threshold of decline is reached.

Effects of planting density and genotype on loblolly pine stands growing in the mountains of southeastern Oklahoma

Treesearch

Rodney E. Will; Thomas C. Hennessey; Thomas B. Lynch; Robert Heinemann; Randal Holeman; Dennis Wilson; Keith Anderson; Gregory Campbell

2013-01-01

We determined the effects of planting density (4- by 4-, 6- by 6-, 8- by 8-, and 10- by 10-foot spacing) on stand-level height, diameter at breast height, stem volume, basal area, and periodic annual increment for two loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) seed sources. Seed sources for the 25-year-old stands were a North Carolina seed source (NCC 8-01) and...

Brush competition retards early stand development of planted ponderosa pine: update on a 24-year study

Treesearch

William W. Oliver

1990-01-01

Growth of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) was monitored for 24 years after planting at five different square spacings (6, 9. 12, 15, and 18 ft) in the presence or absence of competing brush on the westside Sierra Nevada. Spacing strongly influenced both mean dbh and basal area/ac. In plots maintained free of brush, diameters ranged from 5.1 in. at the 6-ft spacing to...

Comparison of second generation open-pollinated, mass control-pollinated, and varietal pine planting stock through 6 years on a North Mississippi site

Treesearch

Randall J. Rousseau; Scott D. Roberts; Billy L. Herrin

2015-01-01

Landowners face a wide array of loblolly pine genetic material to choose from at the time of regeneration. In general, most opt to plant open-pollinated second-generation stock (second-Gen OP) as previously recommended by either consultants or industry personnel. The goal of this study is to evaluate a selected second-Gen OP family, a selected mass control-pollinated...

Understory plant communities and the functional distinction between savanna trees, forest trees, and pines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Veldman, Joseph W.; Mattingly, W. Brett; Brudvig, Lars A.

Although savanna trees and forest trees are thought to represent distinct functional groups with different effects on ecosystem processes, few empirical studies have examined these effects. In particular, it remains unclear if savanna and forest trees differ in their ability to coexist with understory plants, which comprise the majority of plant diversity in most savannas. We used structural equation modeling (SEM) and data from 157 sites across three locations in the southeastern United States to understand the effects of broadleaf savanna trees, broadleaf forest trees, and pine trees on savanna understory plant communities. After accounting for underlying gradients in firemore » frequency and soil moisture, abundances (i.e., basal area and stem density) of forest trees and pines, but not savanna trees, were negatively correlated with the cover and density (i.e., local-scale species richness) of C4 graminoid species, a defining savanna understory functional group that is linked to ecosystem flammability. In analyses of the full understory community, abundances of trees from all functional groups were negatively correlated with species density and cover. For both the C4 and full communities, fire frequency promoted understory plants directly, and indirectly by limiting forest tree abundance. There was little indirect influence of fire on the understory mediated through savanna trees and pines, which are more fire tolerant than forest trees. We conclude that tree functional identity is an important factor that influences overstory tree relationships with savanna understory plant communities. In particular, distinct relationships between trees and C4 graminoids have implications for grass-tree coexistence and vegetation-fire feedbacks that maintain savanna environments and their associated understory plant diversity.« less

A stochastic model of tree architecture and biomass partitioning: application to Mongolian Scots pines

PubMed Central

Wang, Feng; Kang, Mengzhen; Lu, Qi; Letort, Véronique; Han, Hui; Guo, Yan; de Reffye, Philippe; Li, Baoguo

2011-01-01

Background and Aims Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the principal species used for windbreak and sand stabilization in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. A model-assisted analysis of its canopy architectural development and functions is valuable for better understanding its behaviour and roles in fragile ecosystems. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and variability of trees, the parametric identification of such models is currently a major obstacle to their evaluation and their validation with respect to real data. The aim of this paper was to present the mathematical framework of a stochastic functional–structural model (GL2) and its parameterization for Mongolian Scots pines, taking into account inter-plant variability in terms of topological development and biomass partitioning. Methods In GL2, plant organogenesis is determined by the realization of random variables representing the behaviour of axillary or apical buds. The associated probabilities are calibrated for Mongolian Scots pines using experimental data including means and variances of the numbers of organs per plant in each order-based class. The functional part of the model relies on the principles of source–sink regulation and is parameterized by direct observations of living trees and the inversion method using measured data for organ mass and dimensions. Key Results The final calibration accuracy satisfies both organogenetic and morphogenetic processes. Our hypothesis for the number of organs following a binomial distribution is found to be consistent with the real data. Based on the calibrated parameters, stochastic simulations of the growth of Mongolian Scots pines in plantations are generated by the Monte Carlo method, allowing analysis of the inter-individual variability of the number of organs and biomass partitioning. Three-dimensional (3D) architectures of young Mongolian Scots pines were simulated for 4-, 6- and 8-year-old trees. Conclusions This work provides a new method for characterizing tree structures and biomass allocation that can be used to build a 3D virtual Mongolian Scots pine forest. The work paves the way for bridging the gap between a single-plant model and a stand model. PMID:21062760

A stochastic model of tree architecture and biomass partitioning: application to Mongolian Scots pines.

PubMed

Wang, Feng; Kang, Mengzhen; Lu, Qi; Letort, Véronique; Han, Hui; Guo, Yan; de Reffye, Philippe; Li, Baoguo

2011-04-01

Mongolian Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris var. mongolica) is one of the principal species used for windbreak and sand stabilization in arid and semi-arid areas in northern China. A model-assisted analysis of its canopy architectural development and functions is valuable for better understanding its behaviour and roles in fragile ecosystems. However, due to the intrinsic complexity and variability of trees, the parametric identification of such models is currently a major obstacle to their evaluation and their validation with respect to real data. The aim of this paper was to present the mathematical framework of a stochastic functional-structural model (GL2) and its parameterization for Mongolian Scots pines, taking into account inter-plant variability in terms of topological development and biomass partitioning. In GL2, plant organogenesis is determined by the realization of random variables representing the behaviour of axillary or apical buds. The associated probabilities are calibrated for Mongolian Scots pines using experimental data including means and variances of the numbers of organs per plant in each order-based class. The functional part of the model relies on the principles of source-sink regulation and is parameterized by direct observations of living trees and the inversion method using measured data for organ mass and dimensions. The final calibration accuracy satisfies both organogenetic and morphogenetic processes. Our hypothesis for the number of organs following a binomial distribution is found to be consistent with the real data. Based on the calibrated parameters, stochastic simulations of the growth of Mongolian Scots pines in plantations are generated by the Monte Carlo method, allowing analysis of the inter-individual variability of the number of organs and biomass partitioning. Three-dimensional (3D) architectures of young Mongolian Scots pines were simulated for 4-, 6- and 8-year-old trees. This work provides a new method for characterizing tree structures and biomass allocation that can be used to build a 3D virtual Mongolian Scots pine forest. The work paves the way for bridging the gap between a single-plant model and a stand model.

Use of pine nuts by grizzly and black bears in the Yellowstone area

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kendall, Katherine C.

1983-01-01

The large seeds (pine nuts) of whitebark pine are commonly eaten in the spring (March-May) and fall (September-November) by grizzly and black bears in Yellowstone National Park and adjacent areas (Craighead and Craighead 1972, Blanchard 1978, Mealey 1980) and western Montana (Tisch 1961; J. Sumner and J. J. Craighead, unpubl. rep., Montant Coop. Wildl. Res. Unit, Univ. Montana, Missoula, 1973). Similar nuts from limber pine are eaten by grizzly bears on the east Rocky Mountain Front of northwestern Montana (Schallenberger and Jonkel, annual rep., Border Grizzly Project, Univ. Montana, Missoula, 1980). The nuts of the European stone pine (P. cembra) are an important food for brown bears (U. arctos) throughout the taiga zone in the Soviet Union (Pavlov and Zhdanov 1972, Ustinov 1972, Yazan 1972). Both the production of whitebark pine cones (Forcella 1977, Blanchard 1978, Mealey 1980) and the quantity of nuts consumed by bears vary annually (Mealey 1975, Blancard 1978). Pine nuts are also an important food for red squirrels in whitebark forests. In fall, squirrels remove cones from trees and cache them in middens. Bears as well as other mammalian and avian seed predators compete with squirrels for whitebark nuts (Forcella 1977, Tomback 1977). Confusion about the ripening process of whitebark pine cones has resulted in errors in the literature on the availability of pine nuts as a bear food. Whitebark cones are indehiscent and do not disintegrate (Tomback 1981). Vertebrate foraging probably leaves few, if any, seed-bearing cones on trees by late fall; the cones remaining abscise sometime thereafter (Tomback 1981). Because cones do not abscise or release their seed in fall, bears may obtain pine nuts in 2 ways. Black bears may climb whitebark pine trees and break off cone-bearing brnahces to feed on cones (Tisch 1961, Mealey 1975, Forcella 1977); or both black bears and grizzly bears may raid squirrel caches to feed on pine nuts (Tisch 1961, Craighead and Craighead 1972, Blanchard 1978). The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the major source of pine nuts for bears, (2) why cone scales do not appear in bear scat containing pine nuts, and (3) what factors influence bear use of pine nuts.

Loblolly pine grown under elevated CO2 affects early instar pine sawfly performance.

PubMed

Williams, R S; Lincoln, D E; Thomas, R B

1994-06-01

Seedlings of loblolly pine Pinus taeda (L.), were grown in open-topped field chambers under three CO 2 regimes: ambient, 150 μl l -1 CO 2 above ambient, and 300 μl l -1 CO 2 above ambient. A fourth, non-chambered ambient treatment was included to assess chamber effects. Needles were used in 96 h feeding trials to determine the performance of young, second instar larvae of loblolly pine's principal leaf herbivore, red-headed pine sawfly, Neodiprion lecontei (Fitch). The relative consumption rate of larvae significantly increased on plants grown under elevated CO 2 , and needles grown in the highest CO 2 regime were consumed 21% more rapidly than needles grown in ambient CO 2 . Both the significant decline in leaf nitrogen content and the substantial increase in leaf starch content contributed to a significant increase in the starch:nitrogen ratio in plants grown in elevated CO 2 . Insect consumption rate was negatively related to leaf nitrogen content and positively related to the starch:nitrogen ratio. Of the four volatile leaf monoterpenes measured, only β-pinene exhibited a significant CO 2 effect and declined in plants grown in elevated CO 2 . Although consumption changed, the relative growth rates of larvae were not different among CO 2 treatments. Despite lower nitrogen consumption rates by larvae feeding on the plants grown in elevated CO 2 , nitrogen accumulation rates were the same for all treatments due to a significant increase in nitrogen utilization efficiency. The ability of this insect to respond at an early, potentially susceptible larval stage to poorer food quality and declining levels of a leaf monoterpene suggest that changes in needle quality within pines in future elevated-CO 2 atmospheres may not especially affect young insects and that tree-feeding sawflies may respond in a manner similar to herb-feeding lepidopterans.

Effects of elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide on biomass and carbon accumulation in a model regenerating longleaf pine community.

PubMed

Runion, G B; Davis, M A; Pritchard, S G; Prior, S A; Mitchell, R J; Torbert, H A; Rogers, H H; Dute, R R

2006-01-01

Plant species vary in response to atmospheric CO2 concentration due to differences in physiology, morphology, phenology, and symbiotic relationships. These differences make it very difficult to predict how plant communities will respond to elevated CO2. Such information is critical to furthering our understanding of community and ecosystem responses to global climate change. To determine how a simple plant community might respond to elevated CO2, a model regenerating longleaf pine community composed of five species was exposed to two CO2 regimes (ambient, 365 micromol mol(-1) and elevated, 720 micromol mol(-1)) for 3 yr. Total above- and belowground biomass was 70 and 49% greater, respectively, in CO2-enriched plots. Carbon (C) content followed a response pattern similar to biomass, resulting in a significant increase of 13.8 Mg C ha(-1) under elevated CO2. Responses of individual species, however, varied. Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) was primarily responsible for the positive response to CO2 enrichment. Wiregrass (Aristida stricta Michx.), rattlebox (Crotalaria rotundifolia Walt. Ex Gmel.), and butterfly weed (Asclepias tuberosa L.) exhibited negative above- and belowground biomass responses to elevated CO2, while sand post oak (Quercus margaretta Ashe) did not differ significantly between CO2 treatments. As with pine, C content followed patterns similar to biomass. Elevated CO2 resulted in alterations in community structure. Longleaf pine comprised 88% of total biomass in CO2-enriched plots, but only 76% in ambient plots. In contrast, wiregrass, rattlebox, and butterfly weed comprised 19% in ambient CO2 plots, but only 8% under high CO2. Therefore, while longleaf pine may perform well in a high CO2 world, other members of this community may not compete as well, which could alter community function. Effects of elevated CO2 on plant communities are complex, dynamic, and difficult to predict, clearly demonstrating the need for more research in this important area of global change science.

Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

Welch, Alan H.; Bright, Daniel J.; Knochenmus, Lari A.

2008-01-01

INTRODUCTION This report summarizes results of a water-resources study for White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in east-central Nevada and western Utah. The Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifer system (BARCAS) study was initiated in December 2004 through Federal legislation (Section 301(e) of the Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004; PL108-424) directing the Secretary of the Interior to complete a water-resources study through the U.S. Geological Survey, Desert Research Institute, and State of Utah. The study was designed as a regional water-resource assessment, with particular emphasis on summarizing the hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic processes that influence ground-water resources. The study area includes 13 hydrographic areas that cover most of White Pine County; in this report however, results for the northern and central parts of Little Smoky Valley were combined and presented as one hydrographic area. Hydrographic areas are the basic geographic units used by the State of Nevada and Utah and local agencies for water-resource planning and management, and are commonly defined on the basis of surface-water drainage areas. Hydrographic areas were further divided into subbasins that are separated by areas where bedrock is at or near the land surface. Subbasins are the subdivisions used in this study for estimating recharge, discharge, and water budget. Hydrographic areas are the subdivision used for reporting summed and tabulated subbasin estimates.

Water Resources of the Basin and Range Carbonate-Rock Aquifer System, White Pine County, Nevada, and Adjacent Areas in Nevada and Utah - Draft Report

USGS Publications Warehouse

Welch, Alan H.; Bright, Daniel J.

2007-01-01

Summary of Major Findings This report summarizes results of a water-resources study for White Pine County, Nevada, and adjacent areas in east-central Nevada and western Utah. The Basin and Range carbonate-rock aquifer system (BARCAS) study was initiated in December 2004 through Federal legislation (Section 131 of the Lincoln County Conservation, Recreation, and Development Act of 2004) directing the Secretary of the Interior to complete a water-resources study through the U.S. Geological Survey, Desert Research Institute, and State of Utah. The study was designed as a regional water-resource assessment, with particular emphasis on summarizing the hydrogeologic framework and hydrologic processes that influence ground-water resources. The study area includes 13 hydrographic areas that cover most of White Pine County; in this report however, results for the northern and central parts of Little Smoky Valley were combined and presented as one hydrographic area. Hydrographic areas are the basic geographic units used by the State of Nevada and Utah and local agencies for water-resource planning and management, and are commonly defined on the basis of surface-water drainage areas. Hydrographic areas were further divided into subbasins that are separated by areas where bedrock is at or near the land surface. Subbasins represent subdivisions used in this study for estimating recharge, discharge, and water budget. Hydrographic areas represent the subdivision used for reporting summed and tabulated subbasin estimates.

Temporal changes of soil respiration under different tree species.

PubMed

Akburak, Serdar; Makineci, Ender

2013-04-01

Soil respiration rates were measured monthly (from April 2007 to March 2008) under four adjacent coniferous plantation sites [Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis L.), Austrian pine (Pinus nigra Arnold), Turkish fir (Abies bornmulleriana L.), and Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.)] and adjacent natural Sessile oak forest (Quercus petraea L.) in Belgrad Forest-Istanbul/Turkey. Also, soil moisture, soil temperature, and fine root biomass were determined to identify the underlying environmental variables among sites which are most likely causing differences in soil respiration. Mean annual soil moisture was determined to be between 6.3 % and 8.1 %, and mean annual temperature ranged from 13.0°C to 14.2°C under all species. Mean annual fine root biomass changed between 368.09 g/m(2) and 883.71 g/m(2) indicating significant differences among species. Except May 2007, monthly soil respiration rates show significantly difference among species. However, focusing on tree species, differences of mean annual respiration rates did not differ significantly. Mean annual soil respiration ranged from 0.56 to 1.09 g C/m(2)/day. The highest rates of soil respiration reached on autumn months and the lowest rates were determined on summer season. Soil temperature, soil moisture, and fine root biomass explain mean annual soil respiration rates at the highest under Austrian pine (R (2) = 0.562) and the lowest (R (2) = 0.223) under Turkish fir.

Competitive Effects of Various Grasses and Forbs on Ponderosa Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

Katherine J. Elliott; Alan S. White

1987-01-01

Competition between ponderosa pine seedlings and various grasses and forbs was studied on :I site in northern Arizona burned in 1982 by a wildfire. Two-year-old pine seedlings were planted in 3.05 x 3.05 m plots in April 1983, followed by the sowing of grass and forb seeds on the same plots in July 1983 after summer rains had begun. Predawn xylem water potential...

Eight years of seasonal burning and herbicidal brush control influence sapling longleaf pine growth, understory vegetation, and the outcome of an ensuing wildfire

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2009-01-01

To study how fire or herbicide use influences longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) overstory and understory vegetation, five treatments were initiated in a 5–6-year-old longleaf pine stand: check, biennial arborescent plant control by directed herbicide application, and biennial burning in March, May, or July. The herbicide or prescribed fire...

Effect of rotation age and physiographic region on weight per cubic foot of planted loblolly pine

Treesearch

Alexander Clark; Richard F. Daniels; Bruce E. Borders

2006-01-01

Most harvested southern pine is sold by weight. We discuss how the weight of wood and bark per cubic foot of wood (the weight scaling factor) for plantation-grown loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) varies with tree age across the coastal and inland regions of the Southern United States. To determine the weight scaling factor for plantation trees in the...

Coordinating short-term projects into an effective research program: effects of site preparation methods on bird communities in pine plantations

Treesearch

John C. Kilgo; Karl V. Miller; William F. Moore

2000-01-01

Several short-term projects conducted at the Savannah River Site have focused on the effects on avian populations of different techniques of preparing a site for tree planting in young pine plantations. The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of these studies, to summarize the information they provide regarding the effects of pine management on avian...

Converting hardwoods on poor sites to white pine by planting and direct seeding

Treesearch

G.W. Wendel; G.W. Wendel

1971-01-01

Until recently, conversion of hardwood stands on poor sites to white pine (Pinus strobus L.) was limited mostly to natural white pine reproduction released from a hardwood overstory, either by killing the hardwoods or by removing them through a timber sale. However, in our effort to increase the returns from poor sites in West Virginia (oak site index 45 to 60) we have...

Influence of herbicides and felling, fertilization, and prescribed fire on longleaf pine establishment and growth through six growing seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood

2006-01-01

Recovery of longleaf pine (Pinus palutris. Mill.) is necessary to arrest the decline of many associated plants and animals, and the establishment of longleaf pine on much of its original range requires artificial regeneration and diligence. In central Louisiana, USA, two fertilization levels (No [NF] or Yes [F-36 kg/ha N and 40 kg/ha PI) in...

Net community production dynamics in the herb-shrub stratum of a loblolly pine-hardwood forest: effects of clearcutting and site preparation

Treesearch

John J. Stransky; Jimmy C. Huntley; Wanda J. Risner

1986-01-01

During the 10-year regeneration cycle-from sawtimber stand through clearcutting, site preparation, pine planting, and to the established pine plantations-average net community production in the herb-shrub stratum increased ten-fold, from 369 to 3,462 kg/ha at the peak of each site treatment, and nearly dropped to its initial low level after 10 years.

Prescribed fire effects on structure in uneven-aged stands of loblolly and shortleaf pines

Treesearch

Michael D. Cain; T. Bently Wigley; Derik J. Reed

1998-01-01

Structure was assessed in uneven-aged stands of loblolly (Pinus taeda) and shortleaf pine (P. echinata) that were subjected to prescribed winter burns on cycles of 0, 3, 6, and 9 years. Vegetation assessments were made in late summer of 1990, 10 years after a single hardwood control treatment (basal injection of non-pine woody plants >2.5 cm in groundline diameter...

Comparative drought resistance of five conifers and foliage moisture content as a viability index.

Treesearch

Richard P. Pharis

1966-01-01

Whole plant lethal points of foliage moisture content (FMC) for ponderosa pine, sugar pine, Douglas-fir, grand fir, and incense-cedar were established from foliage tissue of various ages. Exact lethal level depended upon the age of the tissue, but there was a general plateau between the ages 6 and 13 months for sugar pine and Douglas-fir and 3 and 13 months for incense...

Significance of various soil amendments to borrow pit reclamation with loblolly pine and fescue

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berry, C.R.; Marx, D.H.

Loblolly pine seedlings with ectomycorrhizae formed by Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally occurring Thelephora terrestris (Tt) were planted on a borrow pit in South Carolina in plots with no amendment; with fertilizer plus dolomitic limestone alone and with pine bark or bottom ash or bark and ash together; or with dried sewage sludge alone and with bark or ash or bark and ash together. All plots were subsoiled, disked, and seeded to fescue grass before planting pine seedlings. Naturally occurring Pt formed abundant ectomycorrhizae on all Tt seedlings by the end of the first season, precluding any specific ectomycorrhizal fungusmore » effect for the duration of the study. Sewage sludge alone or with bark or ash amendments dramatically improved pine seedling growth and grass biomass in comparison with other soil treatments. Mean seedling volume (D/sup 2/H) was 28 times greater and grass biomass was five times greater in the sludge plots than on nonsludge plots. Generally, soil amended with sludge contained more N, P, organic matter, and had a higher cation exchange capacity than soil of other treatments. Foliage of pine seedlings in sludge-amended soil also contained more N and less Ca than other seedlings. The significance of these results to reclamation of borrow pits is discussed.« less

Water and energy and hydrological limitations of whole-plant conductance along a subalpine forested hillslope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beverly, D.; Speckman, H. N.; Klatt, A. L.; Ewers, B. E.

2016-12-01

Whole-plant hydraulic conductance is now used in many processed-based ecohydrological models running at the plot to regional scales. Many models, such as Dynamic Global Vegetation Model (DGVM), predict entire ecosystem evapotranspiration (ET) based on a single unvarying plant conductance parameter that assumes no variation in plant traits. However, whole-plant conductance varies in space, time, and with topography. Understanding this variation increases model predictive power for stand and ecosystem level estimates of ET, ultimately reducing uncertainty in predictions of the water balance. We hypothesize that whole-plant conductance (Kw) is water limited in the up-slope stands due to water flow paths and energy limited in down-slope stands due to shading. To test this hypothesis in two adjacent stands in the Medicine Bow Mountains of southern Wyoming. Both mixed conifer stands were south-facing, with the upper stand being 300 m above the down-slope stand. Whole-plant conductance was quantified measuring sapflow (Js) and leaf water potential (WPL) throughout the growing season. To quantify Js, each stand was instrumented with 30 Granier-type sapflow sensors. Leaf-water potentials were measured in monthly 48-hour campaigns sampling every 3 hours. The upper slope stand exhibited significantly lower Kw (approximately 35% lower in spruce and pine) and decreased throughout the growing season, driven by drying soils resulting in lower predawn WPL. In contrast, the down-slope stand Kw peaked in July before decreasing for rest of the summer. Down-slope predawn WPL maintained a consistent predawn WPL until October reflecting consistent water input from the upper slopes and ground water. Including this topographical variation in whole-plant conductance will increase the predictive power of models simulating evapotranspiration at the watershed scale.

The intracellular Scots pine shoot symbiont Methylobacterium extorquens DSM13060 aggregates around the host nucleus and encodes eukaryote-like proteins.

PubMed

Koskimäki, Janne J; Pirttilä, Anna Maria; Ihantola, Emmi-Leena; Halonen, Outi; Frank, A Carolin

2015-03-24

Endophytes are microbes that inhabit plant tissues without any apparent signs of infection, often fundamentally altering plant phenotypes. While endophytes are typically studied in plant roots, where they colonize the apoplast or dead cells, Methylobacterium extorquens strain DSM13060 is a facultatively intracellular symbiont of the meristematic cells of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) shoot tips. The bacterium promotes host growth and development without the production of known plant growth-stimulating factors. Our objective was to examine intracellular colonization by M. extorquens DSM13060 of Scots pine and sequence its genome to identify novel molecular mechanisms potentially involved in intracellular colonization and plant growth promotion. Reporter construct analysis of known growth promotion genes demonstrated that these were only weakly active inside the plant or not expressed at all. We found that bacterial cells accumulate near the nucleus in intact, living pine cells, pointing to host nuclear processes as the target of the symbiont's activity. Genome analysis identified a set of eukaryote-like functions that are common as effectors in intracellular bacterial pathogens, supporting the notion of intracellular bacterial activity. These include ankyrin repeats, transcription factors, and host-defense silencing functions and may be secreted by a recently imported type IV secretion system. Potential factors involved in host growth include three copies of phospholipase A2, an enzyme that is rare in bacteria but implicated in a range of plant cellular processes, and proteins putatively involved in gibberellin biosynthesis. Our results describe a novel endophytic niche and create a foundation for postgenomic studies of a symbiosis with potential applications in forestry and agriculture. All multicellular eukaryotes host communities of essential microbes, but most of these interactions are still poorly understood. In plants, bacterial endophytes are found inside all tissues. M. extorquens DSM13060 occupies an unusual niche inside cells of the dividing shoot tissues of a pine and stimulates seedling growth without producing cytokinin, auxin, or other plant hormones commonly synthesized by plant-associated bacteria. Here, we tracked the bacteria using a fluorescent tag and confocal laser scanning microscopy and found that they localize near the nucleus of the plant cell. This prompted us to sequence the genome and identify proteins that may affect host growth by targeting processes in the host cytoplasm and nucleus. We found many novel genes whose products may modulate plant processes from within the plant cell. Our results open up new avenues to better understand how bacteria assist in plant growth, with broad implications for plant science, forestry, and agriculture. Copyright © 2015 Koskimäki et al.

Plant communities of Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, Ronilee A.; Halvorson, William L.; Sawdo, Andell A.; Danielsen, Karen C.

1990-01-01

A survey of the plant communities on Santa Rosa Island, Channel Islands National Park, was conducted from January through July 1988.  Vegetation data were collected at 296 sites using a releve technique.  The plant communities described include: grassland, coastal marsh, caliche scrub, coastal sage scrub, lupine scrub, baccharis scrub, coastal bluff scrub, coastal dune scrub, mixed chaparral, mixed woodland, torrey pine woodland, closed-cone pine woodland, island oak woodland, riparian woodland, and riparian herbaceous vegetation. The areal extent of each community was mapper on USGS 7.5' topographic maps, and digitized for GIS manipulation.

Mountain Pine Beetle Host Selection Between Lodgepole and Ponderosa Pines in the Southern Rocky Mountains.

PubMed

West, Daniel R; Briggs, Jennifer S; Jacobi, William R; Negrón, José F

2016-02-01

Recent evidence of range expansion and host transition by mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins; MPB) has suggested that MPB may not primarily breed in their natal host, but will switch hosts to an alternate tree species. As MPB populations expanded in lodgepole pine forests in the southern Rocky Mountains, we investigated the potential for movement into adjacent ponderosa pine forests. We conducted field and laboratory experiments to evaluate four aspects of MPB population dynamics and host selection behavior in the two hosts: emergence timing, sex ratios, host choice, and reproductive success. We found that peak MPB emergence from both hosts occurred simultaneously between late July and early August, and the sex ratio of emerging beetles did not differ between hosts. In two direct tests of MPB host selection, we identified a strong preference by MPB for ponderosa versus lodgepole pine. At field sites, we captured naturally emerging beetles from both natal hosts in choice arenas containing logs of both species. In the laboratory, we offered sections of bark and phloem from both species to individual insects in bioassays. In both tests, insects infested ponderosa over lodgepole pine at a ratio of almost 2:1, regardless of natal host species. Reproductive success (offspring/female) was similar in colonized logs of both hosts. Overall, our findings suggest that MPB may exhibit equally high rates of infestation and fecundity in an alternate host under favorable conditions. © The Authors 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Subalpine Conifer Seedling Demographics: Species Responses to Climate Manipulations Across an Elevational Gradient at Niwot Ridge, Colorado

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Castanha, C.; Germino, M. J.; Torn, M. S.; Ferrenberg, S.; Harte, J.; Kueppers, L. M.

2010-12-01

The effect of climate change on future ranges of treeline species is poorly understood. For example, it is not known whether trees will recruit into the alpine, above the current treeline, and whether population-level differences in trees will mediate range shifts. At Niwot Ridge, Colorado, we used common gardens and climate manipulations to test predictions that warming will lead to greater recruitment at and beyond the cold edge of these species ranges, and will reduce recruitment at the warm edge. Seed from local populations of limber pine and Englemann spruce was harvested and reciprocally planted in 3 experimental sites spanning an elevation gradient from lower subalpine forest (10,000’), to the upper subalpine treeline ecotone (11,000’), to the alpine tundra (11,300’). In Fall 2009 seeds were sown into 20 plots at each site. Overhead infrared heaters targeted increases in growing season surface soil temperature of 4-5°C. The heating treatment, which began in October 2009, was crossed with manual watering, which was initiated following snowmelt in 2010. Over the 2010 growing season, we surveyed seedling germination and mortality weekly. Germination began in early May at the forest site, in early June at the krummholz site, and in early July at the alpine site. Depending on the site and plot, heating accelerated germination by 1 to 4 weeks. Seed source elevation, species, and site all affected germination, with effects for the two species also depending on site. At all sites, lower elevation, warm-edge populations had higher germination rates than high-elevation, cool-edge populations, indicating a potential bottleneck for germination of the high elevation seed sources in the adjacent alpine tundra. At all sites, survival was generally higher for pine than for spruce. Watering tended to enhance pine germinant survival while heating tended to depress spruce germinant survival. Our results indicate that the alpine tundra, generally considered an inhospitable environment, was not favorable for Englemann spruce, even with warming. In contrast, once seeds were introduced, the alpine tundra proved favorable to limber pine germination, irrespective of the climate manipulation.

THE EFFECTS OF LOW DOSES OF GAMMA RADIATION ON PLANT YIELDS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowen, H.J.M.; Cawse, P.A.; Smith, S.R.

1962-09-01

the effects of low doses of gamma radiation from Co/sup 60/ were tested on dormant seeds of flax, radish, and cabbage, and on young plants of flax, cabbage, lettuce, ciover, duckweed, and pine. Fresh or dry weights were taken as a measure of yieid at harvest. Only in the case of pine seedlings was significant stimulation noticed: this occurred in the dose range 2 to 6 rad after 9 months growth. (auth)

Final Environmental Assessment Addressing Aerial Application of Herbicides at Joint Base Charleston-Weapons Station Charleston, South Carolina

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-01

areas of JB CHS-WS. However, loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) will be planted where soil conditions are not conducive to sustain longleaf pine populations...more subject to soil erosion. Once forested areas have been planted with seedlings, further reduction of competitive vegetation through mechanical...uses. The soil qualities, growing season, and moisture supply are needed for a well-managed soil to produce a sustained high yield of crops in an

Changes in host-mycorrhiza relationships revealed by stable isotopes after naturally-induced thinning of the stand: case study on Tuber aestivum.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gavrichkova, Olga; Lauteri, Marco; Ciolfi, Marco; Chiocchini, Francesca; Paris, Pierluigi; Pisanelli, Andrea; Portarena, Silvia; Brugnoli, Enrico

2016-04-01

Terrestrial plants overcome nutrients and water limitations by forming mutualistic associations with mycorrhizal fungi. Fungi, in return, take advantage from the carbohydrates supplied by the host. Some mycorrhizal fruit bodies, like that of Tuber spp., have a peculiar gastronomic value with many efforts being undertaken to predict and enhance their productivity. However, many issues of truffle-producing mycorrhizal ecology are still poorly understood, in particular optimal conditions favoring fruit formation, potential host plants and host-mycorrhiza relationships. In this study, we tested the applicability of stable isotope measurements under natural abundance to identify the plants which likely host the mycorrhiza of Tuber aestivum and to characterize host-mycorrhizal nutrient, water and carbohydrate exchange under plant natural growing conditions and with the change of the forest cover after naturally occurred thinning. For these purposes, sampling of the fruit bodies of T. aestivum was performed during the growing season 2011 in a mixed broadleaved-coniferous forest in central Italy (initially the site was a manmade pine plantation). Nine truffle-producing parcels were identified with five being composed of the original Pinus pinaster -dominated vegetation and four in which pine was replaced by broadleaf species after both wind-induced thinning and natural dieback of pine trees. Seasonal variation of δ13C, δ15N and δ18O were analyzed in the fungal material, in the surrounding soil and in the plant material of the potential host species (xylem water in the trunk, branches and leaves, recently assimilated carbohydrates in phloem and leaves). The results showed a possibility of the identification of the mycorrhizal host species applying isotope analyses, with mycorrhiza receiving most part of the carbohydrates from the pine in pine-dominated parcels. Interestingly, in thinned parcels, the truffle bodies maintained isotope composition similar to bodies gathered from parcels where pine was present. Change of the trophic strategy to saprotrophic nutrition with remaining pine stumps as a primary source of C explained the observed seasonal patterns of δ13C in truffles in thinned parcels. Fractionation steps during the 15N and H218O uptake and upward transport and 13C assimilation and its downward translocation were identified. The more N was available for mycorrhizal, the more enriched were the host pine trees in 15N, suggesting that typical mycorrhizal fractionation against 14N ceases with increasing N abundance. Change of the plant species composition has shortened the productive season of truffles, likely due to microclimatic variations induced by thinning. Our results also indicate that, although T. aestivum did not establish renewed mycorrhiza with new hosts within 9 years after the thinning, the fungus has a prolonged vitality. Such an evidence suggests that conifer thinning and conversion towards a broadleaved stand can be undertaken without immediate risk for T. aestivum persistence.

Does bedding promote pine survival and growth on ditched wet sands?

Treesearch

Ralph A. Klawitter

1970-01-01

Results from a study of prepared beds for planting slash pine on a wet sandy flat in Florida were inconclusive. Early growth was improved, but survival was not; and differences between a bedded site and an unbedded site were slight.

Involvement of allelopathy in inhibition of understory growth in red pine forests.

PubMed

Kato-Noguchi, Hisashi; Kimura, Fukiko; Ohno, Osamu; Suenaga, Kiyotake

2017-11-01

Japanese red pine (Pinus densiflora Sieb. et Zucc.) forests are characterized by sparse understory vegetation although sunlight intensity on the forest floor is sufficient for undergrowth. The possible involvement of pine allelopathy in the establishment of the sparse understory vegetation was investigated. The soil of the red pine forest floor had growth inhibitory activity on six test plant species including Lolium multiflorum, which was observed at the edge of the forest but not in the forest. Two growth inhibitory substances were isolated from the soil and characterized to be 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid. Those compounds are probably formed by degradation process of resin acids. Resin acids are produced by pine and delivered into the soil under the pine trees through balsam and defoliation. Threshold concentrations of 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid for the growth inhibition of L. multiflorum were 30 and 10μM, respectively. The concentrations of 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietate and 7-oxodehydroabietic acid in the soil were 312 and 397μM, respectively, which are sufficient concentrations to cause the growth inhibition because of the threshold. These results suggest that those compounds are able to work as allelopathic agents and may prevent from the invasion of herbaceous plants into the forests by inhibiting their growth. Therefore, allelopathy of red pine may be involved in the formation of the sparse understory vegetation. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Soil microbial communities influence seedling growth of a rare conifer independent of plant-soil feedback.

PubMed

Rigg, Jessica L; Offord, Cathy A; Singh, Brajesh K; Anderson, Ian; Clarke, Steve; Powell, Jeff R

2016-12-01

Plant-soil feedback, the reciprocal relationship between a plant and its associated microbial communities, has been proposed to be an important driver of plant populations and community dynamics. While rarely considered, understanding how plant-soil feedback contributes to plant rarity may have implications for conservation and management of rare species. Wollemi pine (Wollemia nobilis) is a critically endangered species, of which fewer than 100 trees are known to exist in the wild. Seedling survival within the first year after germination and subsequent recruitment of Wollemi pine is limited in the wild. We used a plant-soil feedback approach to investigate the functional effect of species-specific differences previously observed in the microbial communities underneath adult Wollemi pine and a neighboring species, coachwood (Ceratopetalum apetalum), and also whether additional variation in microbial communities in the wild could impact seedling growth. There was no evidence for seedling growth being affected by tree species associated with soil inocula, suggesting that plant-soil feedbacks are not limiting recruitment in the natural population. However, there was evidence of fungal, but not bacterial, community variation impacting seedling growth independently of plant-soil feedbacks. Chemical (pH) and physical (porosity) soil characteristics were identified as potential drivers of the functional outcomes of these fungal communities. The empirical approach described here may provide opportunities to identify the importance of soil microbes to conservation efforts targeting other rare plant species and is also relevant to understanding the importance of soil microbes and plant-soil feedbacks for plant community dynamics more broadly. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

Caring for a wild and scenic river

Treesearch

Kris Hazelbaker

2004-01-01

The Middle Fork Clearwater Wild and Scenic River was established under the 1968 Wild and Scenic Rivers Act. Forest Service managers gradually became concerned with the increasing loss of the large, old ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir that characterize much of the river corridor and adjacent uplands. The perceived dilemma was how to maintain both high esthetic values and...

A Comparison of Vegetation Within and Outside Riparian Areas Bordering Ephemeral Streams in the Ouachita Mountains

Treesearch

David K. Radabaugh; Hal O. Liechty; James M. Guldin

2004-01-01

Abstract - Ephemeral streams frequently occur in shortleaf pine (Pinus echinata Mill.) hardwood stands that grow on the upper and mid-slopes of the Ouachita Mountains in Arkansas. Stream management zones are established around these ephemeral streams in the Ouachita National Forest to minimize impacts of adjacent forest management...

Pre-wildfire fuel treatments affect long-term ponderosa pine forest dynamics

Treesearch

Barbara A. Strom; Peter Z. Fule

2007-01-01

The 2002 Rodeo-Chediski fire, the largest wildfire in south-western USA history, burned over treated stands and adjacent untreated stands in the Apache-Sitgreaves National Forest, setting the stage for a natural experiment testing the effectiveness of fuel reduction treatments under conditions of extraordinary fire severity. In seven pairs of treated­ untreated study...

Diameter Distributions and Basal Area of Pines and Hardwoods 12 Years Following Vairous Methods and Intensities of Site Preparation in the Georgia Peidmont

Treesearch

Timothy B. Harrington; M. Boyd Edwards

1997-01-01

Twelve years after various methods and intensities of site preparation in the Georgia Piedmont, diameter distributions and basal area (BA) of pines and hardwoods varied considerably among treatments. Site preparation reduced hardwood basal area to 36 percent of that observed in clearcut-only plots. As a result, planted-pine BA in the presence of site preparation was 2...

Rehabilitation of Understocked Loblolly-Shortleaf Pine Stands - IV. Natural and Planted Seedling/Sapling Stands

Treesearch

James B. Baker; Michael G. Shelton

1998-01-01

A 3- to 6 yr-old naturally regenerated, even-aged loblollypine (Pinus taeda L.) stand and a 5- yr-old loblolly pine plantation on good sites (SIbb = 85 to 90 ft at 50 yr ) were cut to density levels of 50, 90, 180,270, and 360 seedlings and/or saplings/ac. Two pine release treatments (none and individual tree release with a herbicide) were applied to the natural stand...

Importance of intra- and interspecific plant interactions for the phytomanagement of semiarid mine tailings using the tree species Pinus halepensis.

PubMed

Martinez-Oró, Duli; Parraga-Aguado, Isabel; Querejeta, Jose Ignacio; Conesa, Héctor M

2017-11-01

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of plant interactions (intra- and interspecific) on the growth and metal(loid) uptake of the tree species Pinus halepensis to determine its suitability for the phytomanagement of semiarid mine tailings. The pioneer tailings colonizer grass Piptatherum miliaceum was selected for assessing interspecific interactions. The experiment was conducted following a pot experimental design employing mine tailings soil. Pots containing single individuals of P. halepensis or P. miliaceum and pots containing combinations with pines (two pines per pot, or one pine and one grass per pot) were used. The analyses included the determination of plant biomass, foliar element status and stable isotope composition, metal(loid) uptake and its translocation to different plant organs. P. halepensis strongly favoured the growth of P. miliaceum by increasing 9-fold the latter's biomass and alleviating its P limitation. In this interspecific treatment P. halepensis showed a strong N limitation (N/P = 7), which negatively affected its growth, (to about half the biomass of that obtained for the other treatments) and exhibited a significant increase in some metals translocation (especially Cd) into aerial parts. Interestingly, P. miliaceum showed a decrease in the root to leaves translocation factor for most of metals when growing together with pines. The effects of the intraespecific combination on growth and metal uptake in P. halepensis were less relevant than those obtained for the interspecific one. Further research should be focused on testing the behaviour of plant co-cultures under the addition of N or P amendments which could alleviate the negative effects of plant competition. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Host selection by the pine processionary moth enhances larval performance: An experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pérez-Contreras, Tomás; Soler, Juan J.; Soler, Manuel

2014-02-01

The development of a phytophagous insect depends on the nutritional characteristics of plants on which it feeds. Offspring from different females, however, may vary in their ability to develop in different host species and therefore females should place their eggs on host plants that result in the highest performance for the insect offspring. Causes underlying the predicted relationships between host selection and offspring performance may be: (1) a genetic association between larval ability to exploit particular hosts and the female insect's host preference; and (2) phenotypic plasticity of larvae that may be due to (a) maternal effects (e.g. differential investment in eggs) or (b) diet. In this work, we analyse the performance (i.e. hatching success and larval size and mortality) of the pine processionary (Thaumetopoea pityocampa) caterpillar developing in Aleppo (Pinus halepensis) or maritime (Pinus pinaster) pines. Larvae of this moth species do not move from the individual pine selected by the mother for oviposition. By means of cross-fostering experiments of eggs batches and silk nests of larvae between these two pine species, we explored whether phenotypic plasticity of offspring traits or genetic correlations between mother and offspring traits account for variation in developmental characteristics of caterpillars. Our results showed that females preferentially selected Aleppo pine for oviposition. Moreover, the offspring had the highest probability of survival and reached a larger body size in this pine species independently of whether or not batches were experimentally cross-fostered. Notably, the interaction between identity of donor and receiver pine species of larvae nests explained a significant proportion of variance of larval size and mortality, suggesting a role of diet-induced phenotypic plasticity of the hatchlings. These results suggest that both female selection of the more appropriate pine species and phenotypic plasticity of larva explain the performance of pine processionary caterpillars.

Rapid Increases in Forest Understory Diversity and Productivity following a Mountain Pine Beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) Outbreak in Pine Forests

PubMed Central

Pec, Gregory J.; Karst, Justine; Sywenky, Alexandra N.; Cigan, Paul W.; Erbilgin, Nadir; Simard, Suzanne W.; Cahill, James F.

2015-01-01

The current unprecedented outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of western Canada has resulted in a landscape consisting of a mosaic of forest stands at different stages of mortality. Within forest stands, understory communities are the reservoir of the majority of plant species diversity and influence the composition of future forests in response to disturbance. Although changes to stand composition following beetle outbreaks are well documented, information on immediate responses of forest understory plant communities is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of D. ponderosae-induced tree mortality on initial changes in diversity and productivity of understory plant communities. We established a total of 110 1-m2 plots across eleven mature lodgepole pine forests to measure changes in understory diversity and productivity as a function of tree mortality and below ground resource availability across multiple years. Overall, understory community diversity and productivity increased across the gradient of increased tree mortality. Richness of herbaceous perennials increased with tree mortality as well as soil moisture and nutrient levels. In contrast, the diversity of woody perennials did not change across the gradient of tree mortality. Understory vegetation, namely herbaceous perennials, showed an immediate response to improved growing conditions caused by increases in tree mortality. How this increased pulse in understory richness and productivity affects future forest trajectories in a novel system is unknown. PMID:25859663

Rapid Increases in forest understory diversity and productivity following a mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak in pine forests.

PubMed

Pec, Gregory J; Karst, Justine; Sywenky, Alexandra N; Cigan, Paul W; Erbilgin, Nadir; Simard, Suzanne W; Cahill, James F

2015-01-01

The current unprecedented outbreak of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) in lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) forests of western Canada has resulted in a landscape consisting of a mosaic of forest stands at different stages of mortality. Within forest stands, understory communities are the reservoir of the majority of plant species diversity and influence the composition of future forests in response to disturbance. Although changes to stand composition following beetle outbreaks are well documented, information on immediate responses of forest understory plant communities is limited. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of D. ponderosae-induced tree mortality on initial changes in diversity and productivity of understory plant communities. We established a total of 110 1-m2 plots across eleven mature lodgepole pine forests to measure changes in understory diversity and productivity as a function of tree mortality and below ground resource availability across multiple years. Overall, understory community diversity and productivity increased across the gradient of increased tree mortality. Richness of herbaceous perennials increased with tree mortality as well as soil moisture and nutrient levels. In contrast, the diversity of woody perennials did not change across the gradient of tree mortality. Understory vegetation, namely herbaceous perennials, showed an immediate response to improved growing conditions caused by increases in tree mortality. How this increased pulse in understory richness and productivity affects future forest trajectories in a novel system is unknown.

Hardwood Seedling Nutrition

Treesearch

C. B. Davey

2005-01-01

Hardwood seedling production presents several challenges that differ considerably from pine seedling production. Because of a nearly double water requirement, hardwoods need to be planted where they can be irrigated separately from pines. Nutrient requirements are generally higher for hardwoods, including especially nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), and...

Six-year results of a white pine seed-source test in West Virginia

Treesearch

G. W. Wendel; Franklin Cech

1976-01-01

The best white pine growth during a 6-year period in a West Virginia outplanting was obtained with seedlings grown from seed collected in Tennessee, Georgia, and North Carolina. These seed sources are recommended for plantings in West Virginia.

Effects of prescribed fire and other plant community restoration treatments on tree mortality, bark beetles, and other saproxylic coleoptera of longleaf pine, Pinus palustris Mill., on the coastal plain of Alabama

Treesearch

Joshua W. Campbell; James L. Hanula; Kenneth W. Outcalt

2008-01-01

Treatments to restore understory plant communities of mature (50-80-year old) longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) and reduce risks of wildfire were applied to 10 ha plots that had a substantial shrub layer due to lack of fire. Plots were located in the Coastal Plain of Alabama and treatments consisted of: (1) untreated control, (2) growing season...

Effects of CO2 and Nitrogen Fertilization on Growth and Nutrient Content of Juvenile Ponderosa Pine (NDP-061A)

DOE Data Explorer

Johnson, Dale W [Desert Research Inst. (DRI), Reno, NV (United States); University of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States); Ball, J. Timothy [Desert Research Inst. (DRI), Reno, NV (United States); Walker, Roger F [University of Nevada, Reno, NV (United States)

1998-03-01

This data set presents measured values of plant diameter and height, biomass of plant components, and nutrient (carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, sulfur, potassium, calcium, magnesium, boron, copper, iron, manganese, and zinc) concentrations from a study of the effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen fertilization on ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws.) conducted in open-top chambers in Placerville, California, from 1991 through 1996. This data set contains values from 1991 through 1993.

Effects of wildfire on soil water repellency in pine and eucalypt forest in central Portugal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Faria, Sílvia; Eufemia Varela, María.; Keizer, Jan Jacob

2010-05-01

Soil water repellency is a naturally occurring phenomenon that can be intensified by soil heating during fires. Fire-induced or -enhanced water repellency, together with the loss of plant cover, is widely regarded as a key factor in increased surface runoff and accelerated erosion in recently burnt areas. The present study is part of the EROSFIRE-II project, whose main aim is to assess and predict post-wildfire hydrological and erosion processes at multiple spatial scales, ranging from micro-plot (< 1 m2) to small catchments (< 1 km2). This work concerns the occurrence and severity of topsoil water repellency in the two forest types occurring in the Colmeal study area, i.e. Maritime Pine and eucalypt stands The objectives are: (i) to clarify the role of wildfire, by comparing recently burnt and adjacent long unburned stands; (ii) to determine the temporal patterns in repellency, through monthly measurements during the first year following the wildfire, and relate them to soil moisture variations in particular. The Colmeal study area is located in the Lousã mountain range in central Portugal. The wildfire occurred in August 2008 and consumed a total area of about 70 ha. Within the burnt area, two slopes were selected with the same parent material (schist) but different forest types (Pinus pinaster and Eucaliptus globulus). In addition, two similar but long unburned slopes were selected in the immediate surroundings. For a period of 10 months, starting November 2008, water repellency and moisture content of the 0-5 cm topsoil layer were measured in the field at monthly intervals. Repellency was measured using the ‘Molarity of an Ethanol Droplet' (MED) test, soil moisture content using a DECAGON EC5 sensor. The results revealed a very strong repellency (ethanol classes 6-7) at all four sites during the first sampling period in November 2008, suggesting that the immediate wildfire effects were minor for both forest types. In the subsequent 5 to 6 months, however, there was a definite tendency for higher ethanol classes at the recently burnt than the adjacent unburned sites. Especially in the case of the pine stands, this tendency was inverted during the remaining months. The above-mentioned differences between the neighboring sites reflected more pronounced temporal patters in the case of the unburned sites, where median repellency levels corresponded none to slight severity ratings from December to March (pine) or April (eucalypt). Such seasonal drops in repellency were considerably shorter at the two burnt sites (1-2 months) and also less pronounced, without median ethanol classes becoming zero as occurred at the burnt sites. The seasonal repellency patterns at the unburned sites could be explained rather well by changes in soil moisture content. The same was not true, however, for the burnt sites.

Fatty Acid Composition of Novel Host Jack Pine Do Not Prevent Host Acceptance and Colonization by the Invasive Mountain Pine Beetle and Its Symbiotic Fungus

PubMed Central

Ishangulyyeva, Guncha; Najar, Ahmed; Curtis, Jonathan M.

2016-01-01

Fatty acids are major components of plant lipids and can affect growth and development of insect herbivores. Despite a large literature examining the roles of fatty acids in conifers, relatively few studies have tested the effects of fatty acids on insect herbivores and their microbial symbionts. Particularly, whether fatty acids can affect the suitability of conifers for insect herbivores has never been studied before. Thus, we evaluated if composition of fatty acids impede or facilitate colonization of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) by the invasive mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) and its symbiotic fungus (Grosmannia clavigera). This is the first study to examine the effects of tree fatty acids on any bark beetle species and its symbiotic fungus. In a novel bioassay, we found that plant tissues (hosts and non-host) amended with synthetic fatty acids at concentrations representative of jack pine were compatible with beetle larvae. Likewise, G. clavigera grew in media amended with lipid fractions or synthetic fatty acids at concentrations present in jack pine. In contrast, fatty acids and lipid composition of a non-host were not suitable for the beetle larvae or the fungus. Apparently, concentrations of individual, rather than total, fatty acids determined the suitability of jack pine. Furthermore, sampling of host and non-host tree species across Canada demonstrated that the composition of jack pine fatty acids was similar to the different populations of beetle’s historical hosts. These results demonstrate that fatty acids composition compatible with insect herbivores and their microbial symbionts can be important factor defining host suitability to invasive insects. PMID:27583820

Additive genetic variation in resistance traits of an exotic pine species: little evidence for constraints on evolution of resistance against native herbivores.

PubMed

Moreira, X; Zas, R; Sampedro, L

2013-05-01

The apparent failure of invasions by alien pines in Europe has been explained by the co-occurrence of native pine congeners supporting herbivores that might easily recognize the new plants as hosts. Previous studies have reported that exotic pines show reduced tolerance and capacity to induce resistance to those native herbivores. We hypothesize that limited genetic variation in resistance to native herbivores and the existence of evolutionary trade-offs between growth and resistance could represent additional potential constraints on the evolution of invasiveness of exotic pines outside their natural range. In this paper, we examined genetic variation for constitutive and induced chemical defences (measured as non-volatile resin in the stem and total phenolics in the needles) and resistance to two major native generalist herbivores of pines in cafeteria bioassays (the phloem-feeder Hylobius abietis and the defoliator Thaumetopoea pityocampa) using half-sib families drawn from a sample of the population of Pinus radiata introduced to Spain in the mid-19th century. We found (i) significant genetic variation, with moderate-to-high narrow-sense heritabilities for both the production of constitutive non-volatile resin and induced total phenolics, and for constitutive resistance against T. pityocampa in bioassays, (ii) no evolutionary trade-offs between plant resistance and growth traits or between the production of different quantitative chemical defences and (iii) a positive genetic correlation between constitutive resistance to the two studied herbivores. Overall, results of our study indicate that the exotic pine P. radiata has limited genetic constraints on the evolution of resistance against herbivores in its introduced range, suggesting that, at least in terms of interactions with these enemies, this pine species has potential to become invasive in the future.

Return of the giants: Restoring white pine ecosystems by breeding and aggressive planting of blister rust-resistant white pines

Treesearch

Lauren Fins; James Byler; Dennis Ferguson; Al Harvey; Mary Francis Mahalovich; Geral I. McDonald; Dan Miller; John Schwandt; Art Zack

2001-01-01

In 1883, when the Northern Pacific Railroad made its way through northern Idaho, western white pines dominated the moist, mid-elevation, mixed-species forests of the Inland Northwest between 2,000 and 6,000 feet. These majestic trees often lived to 350 years but could reach the ripe old ages of 400 and even 500 years. They were an integral part of the most productive...

Influence of Fertilization, Weed Control, and Pine Litter on Loblolly Pine Growth and Productivity and Understory Plant Development Through 12 Growing Seasons

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Jeffery C. Goelz; Mary A. Sword-Sayer; Allan E. Tiarks

2003-01-01

On a silt loam soil in central Louisiana, three cultural treatments were applied to a seedling loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) plantation. The treatments were in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial design: (1) no fertilization or a broadcast application of 177 kg N/ha and 151 kg P/ha; (2) no herbicides applied or broadcast or spot applications of hexazinone,...

Efficacy of fipronil for protecting individual pines from mortality attributed to attack by western pine beetle and mountain pine beetle (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae)

Treesearch

C.J. Fettig; A.S. Munson; C.I. Jorgenson; D.M. and Grosman

2010-01-01

Bark beetles (Coleoptera: C~rculionidae, Scolytinae) are commonly recognized as important tree mortality agents in coniferous forests of the western U.S. Most species feed on the phloem and cambium, or xylem tissue of woody plants; and a few are recognized as the most destructive of all forest insect pests. The last decade has seen elevated levels of bark beetle caused...

Installation Restoration Program. Phase I. Records Search Columbus Air force Base, Mississippi.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-01

with the river flood plains and pine plantations on drier upland areas. Loblolly pine ( Pinus taeda) is the dominant planted pine and is used for pulp...Maintenance MCL maximum contaminant level Methyl ethyl ketone A solvent used in paint thinner, stripper, and a (MEK) wide variety of industrial...l milligrams per liter A-3 Methyl isobutyl A solvent used in paint stripper, thinner, and a - ketone (MIBK) wide variety of industrial applications

CARBON STORAGE AND FLUXES IN PONDEROSA PINE AT DIFFERENT SUCCESSIONAL STAGES

EPA Science Inventory

We compared carbon storage and fluxes in young and old ponderosa pine stands in Oregon, including plant and soil storage, net primary productivity, respiration fluxes, and eddy flux estimates of net ecosystem exchange. The young site (Y site) was previously an old-growth pondero...

Ten-year growth of planted slash pine after thinnings

Treesearch

Hans G. Enghardt; W.F. Mann

1972-01-01

volume growth of slash pine between ages 17 and 27 years was directly related to residual basal area per acre after thinning. Diameter growth was inversely related to stand density, and very heavy cutting was required to attain a rate of 3 inches in 10 years.

Endangered plant-parrot mutualisms: seed tolerance to predation makes parrots pervasive dispersers of the Parana pine

PubMed Central

Tella, José L.; Dénes, Francisco V.; Zulian, Viviane; Prestes, Nêmora P.; Martínez, Jaime; Blanco, Guillermo; Hiraldo, Fernando

2016-01-01

Parrots are largely considered plant antagonists as they usually destroy the seeds they feed on. However, there is evidence that parrots may also act as seed dispersers. We evaluated the dual role of parrots as predators and dispersers of the Critically Endangered Parana pine (Araucaria angustifolia). Eight of nine parrot species predated seeds from 48% of 526 Parana pines surveyed. Observations of the commonest parrot indicated that 22.5% of the picked seeds were dispersed by carrying them in their beaks. Another five parrot species dispersed seeds, at an estimated average distance of c. 250 m. Dispersal distances did not differ from those observed in jays, considered the main avian dispersers. Contrary to jays, parrots often dropped partially eaten seeds. Most of these seeds were handled by parrots, and the proportion of partially eaten seeds that germinated was higher than that of undamaged seeds. This may be explained by a predator satiation effect, suggesting that the large seeds of the Parana pine evolved to attract consumers for dispersal. This represents a thus far overlooked key plant-parrot mutualism, in which both components are threatened with extinction. The interaction is becoming locally extinct long before the global extinction of the species involved. PMID:27546381

Endangered plant-parrot mutualisms: seed tolerance to predation makes parrots pervasive dispersers of the Parana pine.

PubMed

Tella, José L; Dénes, Francisco V; Zulian, Viviane; Prestes, Nêmora P; Martínez, Jaime; Blanco, Guillermo; Hiraldo, Fernando

2016-08-22

Parrots are largely considered plant antagonists as they usually destroy the seeds they feed on. However, there is evidence that parrots may also act as seed dispersers. We evaluated the dual role of parrots as predators and dispersers of the Critically Endangered Parana pine (Araucaria angustifolia). Eight of nine parrot species predated seeds from 48% of 526 Parana pines surveyed. Observations of the commonest parrot indicated that 22.5% of the picked seeds were dispersed by carrying them in their beaks. Another five parrot species dispersed seeds, at an estimated average distance of c. 250 m. Dispersal distances did not differ from those observed in jays, considered the main avian dispersers. Contrary to jays, parrots often dropped partially eaten seeds. Most of these seeds were handled by parrots, and the proportion of partially eaten seeds that germinated was higher than that of undamaged seeds. This may be explained by a predator satiation effect, suggesting that the large seeds of the Parana pine evolved to attract consumers for dispersal. This represents a thus far overlooked key plant-parrot mutualism, in which both components are threatened with extinction. The interaction is becoming locally extinct long before the global extinction of the species involved.

Capturing forest dependency in the central Himalayan region: Variations between Oak (Quercus spp.) and Pine (Pinus spp.) dominated forest landscapes.

PubMed

Chakraborty, Anusheema; Joshi, Pawan Kumar; Sachdeva, Kamna

2018-05-01

Our study explores the nexus between forests and local communities through participatory assessments and household surveys in the central Himalayan region. Forest dependency was compared among villages surrounded by oak-dominated forests (n = 8) and pine-dominated forests (n = 9). Both quantitative and qualitative analyses indicate variations in the degree of dependency based on proximity to nearest forest type. Households near oak-dominated forests were more dependent on forests (83.8%) compared to households near pine-dominated forests (69.1%). Forest dependency is mainly subsistence-oriented for meeting basic household requirements. Livestock population, cultivated land per household, and non-usage of alternative fuels are the major explanatory drivers of forest dependency. Our findings can help decision and policy makers to establish nested governance mechanisms encouraging prioritized site-specific conservation options among forest-adjacent households. Additionally, income diversification with respect to alternate livelihood sources, institutional reforms, and infrastructure facilities can reduce forest dependency, thereby, allowing sustainable forest management.

Management intensity and genetics affect loblolly pine crown characteristics

Treesearch

B. Landis Herrin; Scott D. Roberts; Randall J. Rousseau

2012-01-01

The development of elite loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L) genotypes may lead to reduced planting densities as a means of reducing establishment costs. However, this can lead to undesirable crown and branch characteristics in some genotypes. Selecting appropriate genetic material, combined with appropriate silvicultural management, is essential to...

Longleaf Pine: Why Plant It? Why Use Containers?

Treesearch

James P. Barnett

2002-01-01

Longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.), although widely distributed in the presettlement forests of the southern Coastal Plain, now occupies less that 5 percent of its original range. A highly desirable species, it resists fire, insects, and disease, while producing excellent quality solid-wood products. Longleaf forests also represent an important...

Managing Southern Pine Plantations for Wildlife

Treesearch

Ronald E. Thill

1990-01-01

This paper reviews available information on how intensive management of pine plantations affects wildlife in the southeastern United States. Practices discussed and evaluated in this paper include harvesting, site preparation, planting, thinning, burning, and fertilizing. Management of special habitat features (e.g., standing dead trees and down woody material) is...

Plant succession and community restoration following felling and burning in the Southern Appalachian Mountains

Treesearch

Barton D. Clinton; James M. Vose

2000-01-01

Recent declines in the yellow pine component of pine-hardwood stands in the Southern Appalachian Mountains has prompted managers to increase the use of fire as a silvicultural tool. The fell and burn treatment is designed to remove competing vegetation (hardwoods and mountain laurel...

Predicting the effects of hardwood competition on red pine seedling growth

Treesearch

Alan S. White; Katherine J. Elliott

1992-01-01

Pin cherry (Prunus pensylvanica L.f.) and striped maple (Acer pensylvanicum L.) are potentially important competitors of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) planted on recently clear-cut hardwood sites. By experimentally manipulating initial competitor densities on 2.0-m2 plots, we were able to...

AmeriFlux CA-TP1 Ontario - Turkey Point 2002 Plantation White Pine

DOE Data Explorer

Arain, M. Altaf [McMaster University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site CA-TP1 Ontario - Turkey Point 2002 Plantation White Pine. Site Description - Plantation established in 2002 on a former sandy agricultural field, which was abandoned three years prior to planting

Forest Herbicide Benefits and Developments for Intensive Southern Pine Culture

Treesearch

James H. Miller

1991-01-01

Silvicultural treatments that use forest herbicides can accelerate wood production, enhance wildlife and recreational habitats, aid in endangered species recovery, and encourage plants that improve the aesthetics of woodlands. This paper focuses on the benefits of increased wood production derived from competition control for establishing southern pine plantations....

Louisiana’s Palustris Experimental Forest: 75 years of research that transformed the South

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; James D. Haywood; Henry A. Pearson

2011-01-01

The Palustris Experimental Forest, located on Kisatchie National Forest, has been in existence for 75 years. Research at Palustris has focused on southern pine reforestation technology, including seed production, bareroot nursery production, direct seeding, and planting container seedlings. After establishing pine plantations, researchers developed stand management...

Longleaf pine site zones

Treesearch

Phillip J. Craul; John S. Kush; William D. Boyer

2005-01-01

The authors delineate six major climatic areas of the longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) region. They subdivide these areas into 21 site zones, each of which is deemed homogenous with respect to climate, physiography, and soils. The site zones are mapped and their climate, physiography, and soils described. The authors recommend that plantings of...

Soil disturbance-tree growth relations in central Idaho clearcuts

Treesearch

James L. Clayton; Gary Kellogg; Neal Forrester

1987-01-01

Two central Idaho clearcuts regenerated naturally to lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) and one regenerated with planted ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa) were evaluated to see if soil compaction and displacement affected growth as measured by tree height, diameter at breast height, and radial growth increment. Pole-sized trees ranging...

Participatory genetic improvement: longleaf pine

Treesearch

C. Dana Nelson; Gwendolyn Boyd; Randall J. Rousseau; Barbara S. Crane; Craig S. Echt; Kurt H. Johnsen

2015-01-01

University-industry-state cooperative tree improvement has been highly successful in the southern United States. Over nearly 60 years, three cooperative programs have led the way in developing and deploying genetically improved planting stocks for loblolly (Pinus taeda L.) and slash (P. elliottii Engelm.) pines. However, much lower levels of success have been achieved...

Modeling aspen and red pine shoot growth to daily weather variations.

Treesearch

Donald A. Perala

1983-01-01

Quantifies daily shoot growth of quaking aspen and red pine in response to daily variation in air temperature, soil moisture, solar radiation, evapotranspiration, and inherent seasonal plant growth rhythm. Discusses potential application of shoot growth equations to silvicultural problems related to microclimatic variation. Identifies limitations and areas for...

2008 interim guidelines for growing longleaf pine seedlings in container nurseries

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; James P. Barnett; D. Paul Jackson; Mark J. Hainds

2009-01-01

Production of container longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) seedlings for reforestation and restoration plantings exceeds that of bareroot production, but information on container production techniques has been slow to develop. Because success of those outplantings requires quality seedlings, interim guidelines were proposed in 2002 to assist nursery...

Optimum stand prescriptions for ponderosa pine

Treesearch

David W. Hann; J. Douglas Brodie; Kurt H. Riitters

1983-01-01

Two examples for a northern Arizona ponderosa pine stand illustrate the usefulness of dynamic programming in making silvicultural decisions. The first example analyzes the optimal planting density for bare land, while the second examines the optimal precommercial thinning intensity for a 43-year-old stand. Bot hexamples assume that the manager's primary objective...

AmeriFlux US-Me3 Metolius-second young aged pine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Law, Bev

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me3 Metolius-second young aged pine. Site Description - This site is located on a Forest Service mensuration plot (various seed sources) that was planted in 1987. Deer browsing is prevented by a fence.

Hydrologic impacts of converting grassland to managed forestland in Uruguay

Treesearch

G.M. Chescheira; R.W. Skaggsa; D.M. Amatyab

2008-01-01

Over 500,000 hectares of grassland have been converted to managed forestland in Uruguay since 1990. This study was initiated to determine the hydrologic and water quality impacts of changing land use from grassland (pasture) to pine plantation in Uruguay. Two adjacent watersheds located on the El Cerro ranch in the Tacuarembo River basin were selected for a paired...

Tree seed handling, processing, testing, and storage at Hayward State Nursery, Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources

Treesearch

Gordon Christians

2008-01-01

The Hayward State Nursery, Wisconsin grows more than 40 species from seeds. Up to 6000 bushels of raw unprocessed tree and shrub seeds are collected each year, and all seeds are collected in Wisconsin or adjacent states. All white spruce (Picea glauca) and some white pine seeds (Pinus strobus) are collected from orchards containing...

Earthworm abundance and species composition in abandoned tropical croplands: comparisons of tree plantations and secondary forests.

Treesearch

G. Gonzalez; X. Zou; S. Borges

1996-01-01

We compared patterns of earthworms abundance and species composition in tree plantation and secondary forest of Puerto Rico. Tree plantations included pine (Pinus caribea Morelet) and mahogany (Swietenia macrophylla King) established in the 1930's; 1960's; and 1970's; secondary forests were naturally regenerated in areas adjacent to these plantations. We...

Grazing and Burning Impacts on Deer Diets on Lousiana Pine-Bluestem Range

Treesearch

Ronald E. Thill; Alton Martin; Hershel F. Morris; E. Donice McCune

1987-01-01

Diets of 3-5 tame white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) on adjacent ungrazed and continuously grazed (35% herbage removal by late CM) forested pastures were compared for forage-class use, botanical similarities, foraging selectivity and efficiency, and diet quality. Both pastures were divided into 3 burning subunits and burned in late February on a 3-year...

Non-target captures during small mammal trapping with snap traps

Treesearch

David G. Peitz; Philip A. Tappe; Ronald E. Thill; Roger W. Perry; M. Anthony Melchiors; T. Bently Wigley

2001-01-01

There is little published information available on non-target captures during small mammal trapping. We used a variety of snap traps baited with a rolled oat-peanut butter mix to capture 2,054 individuals from 9 genera of small mammals in a study of small mammal and avian community structure in riparian areas and adjacent loblolly pine (Pinus taeda) plantations. We...

52. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GOVERNOR ADJACENT TO GENERATOR ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

52. EASTSIDE PLANT: GENERAL VIEW OF GOVERNOR ADJACENT TO GENERATOR - American Falls Water, Power & Light Company, Island Power Plant, Snake River, below American Falls Dam, American Falls, Power County, ID

Defense traits in the long-lived Great Basin bristlecone pine and resistance to the native herbivore mountain pine beetle.

PubMed

Bentz, Barbara J; Hood, Sharon M; Hansen, E Matthew; Vandygriff, James C; Mock, Karen E

2017-01-01

Mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae) is a significant mortality agent of Pinus, and climate-driven range expansion is occurring. Pinus defenses in recently invaded areas, including high elevations, are predicted to be lower than in areas with longer term MPB presence. MPB was recently observed in high-elevation forests of the Great Basin (GB) region, North America. Defense and susceptibility in two long-lived species, GB bristlecone pine (Pinus longaeva) and foxtail pine (P. balfouriana), are unclear, although they are sympatric with a common MPB host, limber pine (P. flexilis). We surveyed stands with sympatric GB bristlecone-limber pine and foxtail-limber pine to determine relative MPB attack susceptibility and constitutive defenses. MPB-caused mortality was extensive in limber, low in foxtail and absent in GB bristlecone pine. Defense traits, including constitutive monoterpenes, resin ducts and wood density, were higher in GB bristlecone and foxtail than in limber pine. GB bristlecone and foxtail pines have relatively high levels of constitutive defenses which make them less vulnerable to climate-driven MPB range expansion relative to other high-elevation pines. Long-term selective herbivore pressure and exaptation of traits for tree longevity are potential explanations, highlighting the complexity of predicting plant-insect interactions under climate change. No claim to original US Government works. New Phytologist © 2016 New Phytologist Trust.

Cation Uptake and Allocation by Red Pine Seedlings under Cation-Nutrient Stress in a Column Growth Experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shi, Zhenqing; Balogh-Brunstad, Zsuzsanna; Grant, Michael R.

Background and Aims Plant nutrient uptake is affected by environmental stress, but how plants respond to cation-nutrient stress is poorly understood. We assessed the impact of varying degrees of cation-nutrient limitation on cation uptake in an experimental plant-mineral system. Methods Column experiments, with red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) seedlings growing in sand/mineral mixtures, were conducted for up to nine months under a range of Ca- and K-limited conditions. The Ca and K were supplied from both minerals and nutrient solutions with varying Ca and K concentrations. Results Cation nutrient stress had little impact on carbon allocation after nine months ofmore » plant growth and K was the limiting nutrient for biomass production. The Ca/Sr and K/Rb ratio results allowed independent estimation of dissolution incongruency and discrimination against Sr and Rb during cation uptake processes. The fraction of K in biomass from biotite increased with decreasing K supply from nutrient solutions. The mineral anorthite was consistently the major source of Ca, regardless of nutrient treatment. Conclusions Red pine seedlings exploited more mineral K in response to more severe K deficiency. This did not occur for Ca. Plant discrimination factors must be carefully considered to accurately identify nutrient sources using cation tracers.« less

Cultural intensity and planting density effects on individual tree stem growth, stand and crown attributes, and stand dynamics in thinned loblolly pine plantations during the age 12- to age 15- year period in the Upper Coastal Plain and Piedmont of the Southeastern United States

Treesearch

Evan Johnson; Michael Kane; Dehai Zhao; Robert Teskey

2015-01-01

Three existing loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) installations in the Plantation Management Research Cooperative's Upper Coastal Plain/Piedmont Culture Density Study were used to examine the effects of two cultural intensities, four initial planting densities, and their interactions on stem growth at the individual tree level from age 12 to 15 years and at the stand...

Growth of longleaf and loblolly pine planted on South Carolina Sandhill sites.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cram, Michelle, M.; Outcalt, Kenneth, W.; Zarnoch, Stanley, J.

2010-07-01

Performance of longleaf (Pinus palustris Mill.) and loblolly pine (P. taeda L.) were compared 15–19 years after outplanting on 10 different sites in the sandhillsof South Carolina. The study was established from 1988 to 1992 with bareroot seedlings artificially inoculated with Pisolithus tinctorius (Pt) or naturally inoculated with mycorrhizae in the nursery. A containerized longleaf pine treatment with and without Pt inoculation was added to two sites in 1992. Effects of the Pt nursery treatment were mixed, with a decrease in survival of bareroot longleaf pine on two sites and an increase in survival on another site. The containerized longleafmore » pine treatment substantially increased survival, which led to greater volume compared with bareroot longleaf pine. Loblolly pine yielded more volume than longleaf pine on all sites but one, where survival was negatively affected by fire. Depth of sandy surface horizon affected mean annual height growth of both loblolly and longleaf pine. Height growth per year decreased with an increase in sand depth for both species. Multiple regression analysis of volume growth(ft3/ac per year) for both species indicated a strong relationship to depth of sandy soil and survival. After 15–19 years, loblolly pine has been more productive than longleaf pine, although longleaf pine productivity may be equal to or greater than that of loblolly pine on the soils with the deepest sandy surface layers over longer rotations.« less

Exotic trees modify the thermal landscape and food resources for lizard communities.

PubMed

Schreuder, E; Clusella-Trullas, S

2016-12-01

Increasing numbers of invasive plant species are establishing around the globe, and these species frequently form dense stands that alter habitat structure in critical ways. Nevertheless, little is known about the mechanisms underlying the impacts of invasive alien plant species on native fauna. We first ask whether alien pine trees impact lizard species richness in the Cape Floristic Region of South Africa, a world-renowned biodiversity hotspot, by examining differences in lizard species richness, abundance, and diversity between native mountain fynbos and exotic pine tree-dominated habitats. We then examine two mutually non-exclusive processes: (i) changes in the thermal quality of the habitat and (ii) changes in the availability of food resources, to explain differences in lizard assemblages among habitat types. Lizard richness, abundance, and diversity were greater in fynbos habitat than in fynbos heavily invaded by pine and in pine plantations. The thermal quality of the environment and food resources was consistently higher in native fynbos than in pine forests, but these responses were more varied when comparisons were made along an invasion gradient and among seasons. Our results suggest that management strategies must consider spatially and temporally detailed measurements of thermal regimes and resources to assess the impacts of invasive vegetation on reptile diversity.

Biomass, Leaf Area, and Resource Availability of Kudzu Dominated Plant Communities Following Herbicide Treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

L.T. Rader

Kudzu is an exotic vine that threatens the forests of the southern U.S. Five herbicides were tested with regard to their efficacy in controlling kudzu, community recover was monitored, and interactions with planted pines were studied. The sites selected were old farm sites dominated by kudzu.These were burned following herbicide treatment. The herbicides included triclopyr, clopyralid, metsulfuron, tebuthiuron, and picloram plus 2,4-D. Pine seedlings were planted the following year. Regression equations were developed for predicting biomass and leaf area. Four distinct plant communities resulted from the treatments. The untreated check continued to be kudzu dominated. Blackberry dominated the clopyradid treatment.more » Metsulfron, trychlopyr and picloram treated sites resulted in herbaceous dominated communities. The tebuthiuron treatment maintained all vegetation low.« less

Changes in physiological attributes of ponderosa pine from seedling to mature tree

Treesearch

Nancy E. Grulke; William A. Retzlaff

2001-01-01

Plant physiological models are generally parameterized from many different sources of data, including chamber experiments and plantations, from seedlings to mature trees. We obtained a comprehensive data set for a natural stand of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Laws.) and used these data to parameterize the physiologically based model, TREGRO....

Cutworm damage to seedlings in California pine stands

Treesearch

H.A. Fowells

1940-01-01

Cutworms, Noctuidae larvae, frequently cause serious damage to natural and planted seedlings in the California pine region. Observations during several years in California and reports from other regions suggest that these insects contribute to frequent failures of plantations and natural reproduction. Careful study of the insects with a view to their control seems...

Understory vegetation response to mechanical mastication and other fuels treatments in a ponderosa pine forest

Treesearch

Jeffrey M. Kane; J. Morgan Varner; Eric E. Knapp

2010-01-01

Questions: What influence does mechanical mastication and other fuel treatments have on: (1) canopy and forest floor response variables that influence understory plant development; (2) initial understory vegetation cover, diversity, and composition; and (3) shrub and non-native species density in a secondgrowth ponderosa pine forest....

The distribution of dry matter growth between shoot and roots in loblolly pine

Treesearch

F. Thomas Ledig; F. Herbert Bormann; Karl F. Wenger

1970-01-01

The allometric relationship, log (y) = a + k•log (x)-where x is one plant organ (e g., dry weight of roots) and y is another (e.g., dry weight of shoot)-was used to study the relative distribution of growth within loblolly pine seedlings. The relative...

Exploring genetic diversity, physiologic expression and carbon dynamics in longleaf pine: a new study installation at the Harrison Experimental Forest

Treesearch

John R. Butnor; Kurt H. Johnsen; C. Dana Nelson

2012-01-01

In 1960, an experiment was established on the Harrison Experimental Forest in southeast Mississippi to compare productivity and wood properties of planted longleaf (Pinus palustris), loblolly (Pinus taeda), and slash (Pinus elliotii) pines under different management intensities: cultivation, cultivation plus...

Esthetic considerations in management of shortleaf pine

Treesearch

Robert H. Stignani

1986-01-01

Application of esthetic concerns in the management of shortleaf pine or any species should be predicated on a systematic approach. Many mitigation techniques are available, but those selected will need to be carefully tailored to the specific situation and to the unique characteristics of plant communities and landforms involved. Some additional costs should be...

Environmental sustainability of intercropping switchgrass in a loblolly pine forest

Treesearch

George Chescheir; Francois Birgand; Mohamed Youssef; Jami Nettles; Devendra Amatya

2016-01-01

A multi-institutional watershed study has been conducted since 2010 to quantify the environmental sustainability of planting switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) between wide rows of loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.). The hypothesized advantage of this intercropping system is the production of biofuel feedstock to provide additional...

Loblolly Pine Responds to Mechanical Wounding with Increased Resin Flow

Treesearch

Jonathan J. Ruel; Matthew P. Ayres; Peter L. Lorio

1998-01-01

The oleoresin produced by many conifers has a deleterious effect on numerous associated herbivores, including bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), and may have evolved as a plant defense mechanism. Three experiments with juvenile loblolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) used mechanical wounding to drain resin reserves and assess the effects of prior bark wounding on...

Understory Restoration in Longleaf Pine Plantations: Overstory Effects of Competition and Needlefall

Treesearch

Christa M. Dagley; Timothy B. Harrington; M. Boyd Edwards

2002-01-01

Overstory and midstory vegetation layers strongly limit abundance and species richness of understory herbaceous plants in longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) plantations. However, the separate effects of overstory competition and needlefall remain unknown and are the subject of this study. Four levels of overstory thinning were applied to 0.10-...

Spacing and slash pine quality timber prodution

Treesearch

Frank A. Bennett

1969-01-01

Cubic volume production as related to spacing in planted slash pine (Pinus etliottii var. elliottii) is well understood. Yield increases as number of surviving trees per acre increases, although at a diminishing rate after a certain point. It is also well known that wider spacings, 200 to 400 trees per acre, are necessary for...

Inoculation of Loblolly Pine Seedlings at Planting with Basidiospores of Ectomycorrhizal Fungi in Chip Form

Treesearch

Peter R. Beckjord; Marla S. McIntosh; Edward Hacskaylo; John H. Jr. Melhuish; John H. Jr. Melhuish

1984-01-01

Basidiospores of the ectomycorrhizae-forming fungi Pisolithus tinctorius and Scleroderma auranteum incorporated into an organic hydrocolloid can be used successfully in field inoculation. Containerized loblolly pine seedlings were inoculated during outplanting by this method. This study showed that basidiospore chips were effective inocula in this investigation.

Comprehensive Outlook for Managed Pines Using Simulated Treatment Experiments-Planted Loblolly Pine (COMPUTE_P-LOB): A User's Guide

Treesearch

R.B. Ferguson; V. Clark Baldwin

1987-01-01

Complete instructions for user operation of COMPUTE_P-LOB to include detailed examples of computer input and output, of a growth and yield prediction system providing volume and weight yields in stand and stock table format.A complete program listing is provided.

Predicting plant species diversity in a longleaf pine landscape

Treesearch

L. Katherine Kirkman; P. Charles Goebel; Brian J. Palik; Larry T. West

2004-01-01

In this study, we used a hierarchical, multifactor ecological classification system to examine how spatial patterns of biodiversity develop in one of the most species-rich ecosystems in North America, the fire-maintained longleaf pine-wiregrass ecosystem and associated depressional wetlands and riparian forests. Our goal was to determine which landscape features are...

EFFECTS OF CO2 AND O3 IN PONDEROSA PINE PLANT/LITTER/SOIL MESOCOSMS

EPA Science Inventory

Forested ecosysems are subjected to interacting conditions whose joint impacts may be quite different from those from single factors. To understand the impacts of CO2 and O3 on forest ecosystems, in April 1998, we initiated a four-year study of a Ponderosa pine seedling/soil/lit...

Guidelines for Producing Longleaf Pine Seedlings in Containers

Treesearch

James P. Barnett; John M. McGilvray

1999-01-01

Although longleaf pine (Pinus palustris Mill.) is a highly desirable species, resisting fire, insects, and disease, and producing high quality solid wood products, it now occupies only about 5 percent of its original range. Regeneration of the species either by natural or artificial methods or by planting of bareroot nursery stock has been difficult...

Seventeen-Year Growth of Cherrybark Oak and Loblolly Pine on a Previously Farmed Bottomland Site

Treesearch

Warren D. Devine; John C. Rennie; Allan E. Houston; Donald D. Tyler; Vernon H. Reich

2002-01-01

This study documents the effects of cultural treatments on 17-year growth of cherrybark oak (Quercus pagoda Raf.) and lobiolly pine (Pinus taeda L.) planted on a previously farmed bottomland site in southwestern Tennessee. Yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) was part of the original study, but was...