Mineralogical Evidence of Galvanic Corrosion in Domestic, Drinking Water Pipes

EPA Science Inventory

Drinking water distribution system (DWDS) piping contains numerous examples of galvanically-coupled metals (e.g., soldered copper pipe joints, copper-lead pipes joined during partial replacements of lead service lines). The possible role of galvanic corrosion in the release of l...

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... installation extension, alteration, or repair, of any oil piping systems shall be new and free from defects or... used to join sections of threaded pipe. Right and left nipples or couplings shall not be used. (h...

49 CFR 192.281 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Plastic pipe. (a) General. A plastic pipe joint that is joined by solvent cement, adhesive, or heat fusion..., see § 192.7). (3) The joint may not be heated to accelerate the setting of the cement. (c) Heat-fusion joints. Each heat-fusion joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) A butt heat-fusion...

49 CFR 192.281 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Plastic pipe. (a) General. A plastic pipe joint that is joined by solvent cement, adhesive, or heat fusion..., see § 192.7). (3) The joint may not be heated to accelerate the setting of the cement. (c) Heat-fusion joints. Each heat-fusion joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) A butt heat-fusion...

49 CFR 192.281 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Plastic pipe. (a) General. A plastic pipe joint that is joined by solvent cement, adhesive, or heat fusion..., see § 192.7). (3) The joint may not be heated to accelerate the setting of the cement. (c) Heat-fusion joints. Each heat-fusion joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) A butt heat-fusion...

49 CFR 192.281 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Plastic pipe. (a) General. A plastic pipe joint that is joined by solvent cement, adhesive, or heat fusion..., see § 192.7). (3) The joint may not be heated to accelerate the setting of the cement. (c) Heat-fusion joints. Each heat-fusion joint on plastic pipe must comply with the following: (1) A butt heat-fusion...

49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

24 CFR 3280.605 - Joints and connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the fitting. Plastic pipe and copper tubing shall be inserted to the full depth of the solder cup... connected to a public water system, made with solder having not more than 0.2 percent lead. (4) Plastic pipe, fittings and joints. Plastic pipe and fittings shall be joined by installation methods recommended by the...

Users' guide on socket heat fusion joining of polyethylene gas pipes. Volume 1. Topical report, September 1989-September 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pimputkar, S.M.; McCoy, J.K.; Stets, J.A.

1991-03-01

The integrity of a pipeline system is determined by its weakest links which may be the joints. Heat fusion is the most common method for joining gas distribution polyethylene (PE) piping. There are procedural, thermal, and mechanical aspects of making fusion joints. Acceptable procedural aspects, such as heater calibration and cleanliness, can be assured by rigorous training and certification of the operators. Thermal and mechanical aspects consist of specifying joining conditions such as the heater temperature, heating time, and joining pressure. In the absence of procedural errors, the strength of a fusion joint should depend on the pipe material, pipemore » dimensions, and the thermal and mechanical joining conditions. Socket heat fusion was studied both experimentally and analytically to determine how the strength of the joint varied with the conditions under which it was made. The standard tensile impact test was modified to test socket fusion joint samples in shear. The developed shear impact energy test data were found to be reliable measures of strength if the setups for conditions were meticulously identical. A parameter, termed the socket joining parameter, was found to characterize the joining conditions. It is a strong function of melt volume at the end of the heating phase, and physically, it is polyethylene transported parallel to the axis during insertion. The results for three resins are presented in the form of three nomographs. The nomographs may be used to select the required heater temperature or the heating time, for a given ambient temperature and a PE resin, to ensure a structurally sound socket heat fusion joint.« less

Technical reference on socket heat fusion joining of polyethylene gas pipes. Volume 2. Topical Report, September 1989-September 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pimputkar, S.M.; McCoy, J.K.; Stets, J.A.

1991-03-01

The integrity of a pipeline system is determined by its weakest links which may be the joints. Heat fusion is the most common method for joining gas distribution polyethylene (PE) piping. There are procedural, thermal, and mechanical aspects of making fusion joints. Acceptable procedural aspects, such as heater calibration and cleanliness, can be assured by rigorous training and certification of the operators. Thermal and mechanical aspects consist of specifying joining conditions such as the heater temperature, heating time, and joining pressure. In the absence of procedural errors, the strength of a fusion joint should depend on the pipe material, pipemore » dimensions, and the thermal and mechanical joining conditions. Socket heat fusion was studied both experimentally and analytically to determine how the strength of the joint varied with the conditions under which it was made. The standard tensile impact test was modified to test socket fusion joint samples in shear. The developed shear impact energy test data were found to be reliable measures of strength if the setup conditions were meticulously identical. A parameter, termed the socket joining parameter, was found to characterize the joining conditions. It is a strong function of melt volume at the end of the heating phase, and, physically, it is polyethylene transported parallel to the axis during insertion. The results for three resins are presented in the form of three nomographs. The nomographs may be used to select the required heater temperature or the heating time, for a given ambient temperature and a PE resin, to ensure a structurally sound socket heat fusion joint.« less

Dehumidifying Heat Pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khattar, Mukesh K.

1993-01-01

U-shaped heat pipe partly dehumidifies air leaving air conditioner. Fits readily in air-handling unit of conditioner. Evaporator and condenser sections of heat pipe consist of finned tubes in comb pattern. Each tube sealed at one end and joined to manifold at other. Sections connected by single pipe carrying vapor to condenser manifold and liquid to evaporator manifold. Simple on/off or proportional valve used to control flow of working fluid. Valve actuated by temperature/humidity sensor.

American Academy of Neurological and Orthopaedic Surgeons

MedlinePlus

... standards through peer review and continuous medical education. Meetings Join us for our Annual Scientific Meeting, in ... seeks to provide its qualified members with the... Meetings Meetings Join us for our Annual Scientific Meeting, ...

Treatment Strategies for Lead in Drinking Water

EPA Science Inventory

Lead pipes are capable of lasting hundreds of years. Conservatively, there are over 12 million, still serving drinking water in the US. Probably, this is a substantial underestimate. Leaded solder joining copper pipe abounds. Leaded brasses have dominated the materials used for...

46 CFR 50.25-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... subchapter. (b) Plate, bar stock, pipe, tube, pipe joining fittings (tees, elbows, reducers, etc.), bolting... or the cognizant Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection. (e) Components designed for hydraulic service... tested hydraulic components is granted by the Marine Safety Center or the cognizant Officer in Charge...

For Piping Corrosive Wastes--Glass, Metal Or Plastic? Laboratory Design Notes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sell, J. Clyde

1964-01-01

Materials (piping and joints) for waste-piping systems are evaluated and a material or materials best qualified for above ground service in health research facilities are recommended. Evaluation is based on cost and performance because the potential value of any material depends on its ability to compete in both areas. In general, the following…

Trailing Shield For Welding On Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coby, John B., Jr.; Gangl, Kenneth J.

1991-01-01

Trailing shield ensures layer of inert gas covers hot, newly formed bead between two tubes or pipes joined by plasma arc welding. Inert gas protects weld bead from oxidation by air until cooler and less vulnerable to oxidation. Intended for use on nickel-base alloy pipes, on which weld beads remain hot enough to oxidize after primary inert-gas purge from welding-torch cup has passed.

Vacuum chamber for containing particle beams

DOEpatents

Harvey, A.

1985-11-26

A vacuum chamber for containing a charged particle beam in a rapidly changing magnetic environment comprises a ceramic pipe with conducting strips oriented along the longitudinal axis of the pipe and with circumferential conducting bands oriented perpendicular to the longitudinal axis but joined with a single longitudinal electrical connection. When both strips and bands are on the outside of the ceramic pipe, insulated from each other, a high-resistance conductive layer such as nickel can be coated on the inside of the pipe.

REDUCED COST SEWER PIPE RELINING USING ULTRASONIC TAPE LAMINATION - PHASE II

EPA Science Inventory

During the Phase I program, Foster-Miller developed techniques based on Ultrasonic Tape Lamination (UTL) for joining of plasticized PVC sewer pipe liner. This effort was undertaken in response to a need for environmentally sound and cost-effective methods for rehabilitation of...

46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for all Class I, I-L, and II-L systems receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive examination. For Class I, I-L, or II-L systems not receiving ship motion dynamic analysis and nondestructive... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND...

40 CFR 60.481a - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter concludes on the last day of the... means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a..., separating the compressor cylinder from the crankcase. Double block and bleed system means two block valves...

40 CFR 60.481a - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter concludes on the last day of the... means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a..., separating the compressor cylinder from the crankcase. Double block and bleed system means two block valves...

40 CFR 60.481a - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter concludes on the last day of the... means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a..., separating the compressor cylinder from the crankcase. Double block and bleed system means two block valves...

40 CFR 60.481a - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter concludes on the last day of the... means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a..., separating the compressor cylinder from the crankcase. Double block and bleed system means two block valves...

40 CFR 60.481a - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter concludes on the last day of the... means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a pipe line and a..., separating the compressor cylinder from the crankcase. Double block and bleed system means two block valves...

Orbital friction stir weld system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ding, R. Jeffrey (Inventor); Carter, Robert W. (Inventor)

2001-01-01

This invention is an apparatus for joining the ends of two cylindrical (i.e., pipe-shaped) sections together with a friction stir weld. The apparatus holds the two cylindrical sections together and provides back-side weld support as it makes a friction stir weld around the circumference of the joined ends.

Electron beam welding passes initial test

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

de Sirvy, B.

1979-11-01

Once the new electron-beam welding process is coupled with vertical or J-curve pipelaying techniques, Total-Compagnie Francaise des Petroles (Gestion and Recherches) will be able to offer a system capable of laying up to 36-in. pipe in deep water (1000-9900 ft) at a pace competitive with the best performance of a shallow-water barge: 8200 ft in 24 hr. Electron-beam welding provides the fast, single-station joining needed to make J-curve laying economical. Tests recently demonstrated that this welding technique can join 1.25-in.-wall, 24-in. pipe in less than 3 min; conventional processes require 1-1 1/2 hr.

Applications of Materials Selection For Joining Composite/Alloy Piping Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crosby, Karen E.; Smith, Brett H.; Mensah, Patrick F.; Stubblefield, Michael A.

2001-01-01

A study in collaboration between investigators at Southern University and Louisiana State University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana and NASA/MSFC is examining materials for modeling and analysis of heat-activated thermal coupling for joining composite to composite/alloy structures. The short-term objectives of this research are to develop a method for joining composite or alloy structures, as well as to study the effects of thermal stress on composite-to-alloy joints. This investigation will result in the selection of a suitable metallic alloy. Al-Li alloys have potential for this purpose in aerospace applications due to their excellent strength-to-weight ratio. The study of Al-Li and other alloys is of significant importance to this and other aerospace as well as offshore related interests. Further research will incorporate the use of computer aided design and rapid prototype hardware for conceptual design and verification of a potential composite piping delivery system.

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Reuben Hart Reservoir Dam (CT 00096), Naugatuck River Basin, Torrington, Connecticut. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-10-01

24 in. dia. pipe, which turns 90° about 100 ft. from the toe, where a valve controls discharges through an 18 in. dia. pipe into a small pond on Hart...tower to a chamber about 100 ft. beyond the downstream toe of the dam where a control valve is housed. Two 18 in. dia. pipes are carried under the...dam and then join into one 24 in. dia. pipe continuing to the valve chamber. The outlet pipe turns 90 degrees at the chamber and reduces to 18 in

46 CFR 56.75-30 - Pipe joining details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... be either of the socket or butt type. When butt joints are employed the edges to be joined shall be.... Circumferential joints may be either of the butt or socket type. Where butt joints are employed, the included... annular clearance of socket joints shall be held to small clearances which experience indicates is...

46 CFR 56.75-30 - Pipe joining details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... be either of the socket or butt type. When butt joints are employed the edges to be joined shall be.... Circumferential joints may be either of the butt or socket type. Where butt joints are employed, the included... annular clearance of socket joints shall be held to small clearances which experience indicates is...

46 CFR 56.75-30 - Pipe joining details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... be either of the socket or butt type. When butt joints are employed the edges to be joined shall be.... Circumferential joints may be either of the butt or socket type. Where butt joints are employed, the included... annular clearance of socket joints shall be held to small clearances which experience indicates is...

46 CFR 56.75-30 - Pipe joining details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... be either of the socket or butt type. When butt joints are employed the edges to be joined shall be.... Circumferential joints may be either of the butt or socket type. Where butt joints are employed, the included... annular clearance of socket joints shall be held to small clearances which experience indicates is...

46 CFR 56.75-30 - Pipe joining details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... be either of the socket or butt type. When butt joints are employed the edges to be joined shall be.... Circumferential joints may be either of the butt or socket type. Where butt joints are employed, the included... annular clearance of socket joints shall be held to small clearances which experience indicates is...

Heat pipes for spacecraft temperature control: Their usefulness and limitations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ollendorf, S.; Stipandic, E.

1972-01-01

Heat pipes are used in spacecraft to equalize the temperature of structures and maintain temperature control of electronic components. Information is provided for a designer on: (1) a typical mounting technique, (2) choices available in wick geometries and fluids, (3) tests involved in flight-qualifying the design, and (4) heat pipe limitations. An evaluation of several heat pipe designs showed that the behavior of heat pipes at room temperature does not necessarily correlate with the classic equations used to predict their performance. They are sensitive to such parameters as temperature, fluid inventory, orientation, and noncondensable gases.

Residual stresses in a stainless steel - titanium alloy joint made with the explosive technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taran, Yu V.; Balagurov, A. M.; Sabirov, B. M.; Evans, A.; Davydov, V.; Venter, A. M.

2012-02-01

Joining of pipes from stainless steel (SS) and titanium (Ti) alloy still experience serious technical problems. Recently, reliable and hermetic joining of SS and Ti pipes has been achieved with the explosive bonding technique in the Russian Federal Nuclear Center. Such adapters are earmarked for use at the future International Linear Collider. The manufactured SS-Ti adapters have excellent mechanical behavior at room and liquid nitrogen temperatures, during high-pressure tests and thermal cycling. We here report the first neutron diffraction investigation of the residual stresses in a SS-Ti adapter on the POLDI instrument at the SINQ spallation source. The strain scanning across the adapter walls into the SS-SS and SS-Ti pipes sections encompassed measurement of the axial, radial and hoop strain components, which were transformed into residual stresses. The full stress information was successfully determined for the three steel pipes involved in the joint. The residual stresses do not exceed 300 MPa in magnitude. All stress components have tensile values close to the adapter internal surface, whilst they are compressive close to the outer surface. The strong incoherent and weak coherent neutron scattering cross-sections of Ti did not allow for the reliable determination of stresses inside the titanic pipe.

Piping and tubing technology: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

A compilation on the devices, techniques, and methods used in piping and tubing technology is presented. Data cover the following: (1) a number of fittings, couplings, and connectors that are useful in joining tubing and piping and various systems, (2) a family of devices used where flexibility and/or vibration damping are necessary, (3) a number of devices found useful in the regulation and control of fluid flow, and (4) shop hints to aid in maintenance and repair procedures such as cleaning, flaring, and swaging of tubes.

Comparison of Cryogenic Temperature Sensor Installation Inside or Outside the Piping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller, R.; Süßer, M.

2010-04-01

Cryogenic thermometers for large cryogenic facilities, like superconducting particle accelerator or fusion devices, must be able to withstand very severe conditions over the lifetime of the facility. In addition to the proper selection of the sensor, the choice of the appropriate installation method plays an important role for satisfying operation. Several characteristics must be taken into account, for instance: large numbers of sensors, different claims of accuracy, qualified preparation methods and at least qualified attachment of the sensor holder on the piping. One remedy to get satisfying results is the development of simple thermometer mounting fixtures, because thermometer mounting often may be realized by personnel with limited experience. This contribution presents two different methods for sensor installations, namely inside or outside installation on the piping. These have been the standard applications in the superconducting coil test facility TOSKA for many years. The characteristics of each of these methods will be discussed and compared.

Heat Pipe Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

The heat pipe was developed to alternately cool and heat without using energy or any moving parts. It enables non-rotating spacecraft to maintain a constant temperature when the surface exposed to the Sun is excessively hot and the non Sun-facing side is very cold. Several organizations, such as Tropic-Kool Engineering Corporation, joined NASA in a subsequent program to refine and commercialize the technology. Heat pipes have been installed in fast food restaurants in areas where humid conditions cause materials to deteriorate quickly. Moisture removal was increased by 30 percent in a Clearwater, FL Burger King after heat pipes were installed. Relative humidity and power consumption were also reduced significantly. Similar results were recorded by Taco Bell, which now specifies heat pipe systems in new restaurants in the Southeast.

Reactor pressure vessel head vents and methods of using the same

DOEpatents

Gels, John L; Keck, David J; Deaver, Gerald A

2014-10-28

Internal head vents are usable in nuclear reactors and include piping inside of the reactor pressure vessel with a vent in the reactor upper head. Piping extends downward from the upper head and passes outside of the reactor to permit the gas to escape or be forcibly vented outside of the reactor without external piping on the upper head. The piping may include upper and lowers section that removably mate where the upper head joins to the reactor pressure vessel. The removable mating may include a compressible bellows and corresponding funnel. The piping is fabricated of nuclear-reactor-safe materials, including carbon steel, stainless steel, and/or a Ni--Cr--Fe alloy. Methods install an internal head vent in a nuclear reactor by securing piping to an internal surface of an upper head of the nuclear reactor and/or securing piping to an internal surface of a reactor pressure vessel.

12. VIEW OF WESTERN CANAL AT ALMA SCHOOL ROAD IN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. VIEW OF WESTERN CANAL AT ALMA SCHOOL ROAD IN MESA, THE LOCATION AT WHICH THE PECK, PINE AND WALLACE FEEDERS FORMERLY JOINED TO FORM THE WESTERN CANAL. THE PECK AND PINE FEEDERS, NOW KNOWN AS LATERAL 9 AND LATERAL 10, AND ALMOST ENTIRELY PIPED, STILL JOIN THE WESTERN CANAL AT THIS POINT, BUT AN EQUALLY IMPORTANT SOURCE OF SUPPLY IS THE NUMEROUS GROUNDWATER PUMPS LOCATED ON THE SYSTEM. - Western Canal, South side of Salt River between Tempe, Phoenix & Mesa, Mesa, Maricopa County, AZ

In-Network Processing of an Iceberg Join Query in Wireless Sensor Networks Based on 2-Way Fragment Semijoins

PubMed Central

Kang, Hyunchul

2015-01-01

We investigate the in-network processing of an iceberg join query in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). An iceberg join is a special type of join where only those joined tuples whose cardinality exceeds a certain threshold (called iceberg threshold) are qualified for the result. Processing such a join involves the value matching for the join predicate as well as the checking of the cardinality constraint for the iceberg threshold. In the previous scheme, the value matching is carried out as the main task for filtering non-joinable tuples while the iceberg threshold is treated as an additional constraint. We take an alternative approach, meeting the cardinality constraint first and matching values next. In this approach, with a logical fragmentation of the join operand relations on the aggregate counts of the joining attribute values, the optimal sequence of 2-way fragment semijoins is generated, where each fragment semijoin employs a Bloom filter as a synopsis of the joining attribute values. This sequence filters non-joinable tuples in an energy-efficient way in WSNs. Through implementation and a set of detailed experiments, we show that our alternative approach considerably outperforms the previous one. PMID:25774710

49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 192.287 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other...

49 CFR 192.279 - Copper pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.279...

49 CFR 192.281 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.281...

49 CFR 192.275 - Cast iron pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.275...

49 CFR 192.277 - Ductile iron pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.277...

Alkali Metal Handling Practices at NASA MSFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salvail, Patrick G.; Carter, Robert R.

2002-01-01

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is NASA s principle propulsion development center. Research and development is coordinated and carried out on not only the existing transportation systems, but also those that may be flown in the near future. Heat pipe cooled fast fission cores are among several concepts being considered for the Nuclear Systems Initiative. Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a capability to handle high-purity alkali metals for use in heat pipes or liquid metal heat transfer loops. This capability is a low budget prototype of an alkali metal handling system that would allow the production of flight qualified heat pipe modules or alkali metal loops. The processing approach used to introduce pure alkali metal into heat pipe modules and other test articles are described in this paper.

Physician volunteers.

PubMed

Milles, G A

1999-01-01

There is an increasing population of working poor in our community. They earn too little to afford health insurance, yet they don't qualify for government assistance. Physician volunteers Howard County have joined together and developed a free clinic to meet this challenge.

46 CFR 153.975 - Preparation for cargo transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Operations Cargo Transfer... facility is made before the cargo transfer piping is joined. (c) Any supplemental inert gas supply...

46 CFR 153.975 - Preparation for cargo transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Operations Cargo Transfer... facility is made before the cargo transfer piping is joined. (c) Any supplemental inert gas supply...

46 CFR 153.975 - Preparation for cargo transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Operations Cargo Transfer... facility is made before the cargo transfer piping is joined. (c) Any supplemental inert gas supply...

46 CFR 153.975 - Preparation for cargo transfer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SHIPS CARRYING BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Operations Cargo Transfer... facility is made before the cargo transfer piping is joined. (c) Any supplemental inert gas supply...

Quick-Connect/Disconnect Joint For Truss Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sprague, Benny B.

1991-01-01

Simple connector used for temporary structures and pipes. Truss connector joins and aligns structural members. Consists of two sections, one flanged and other with mating internal groove. When flanged half inserted in groove, moves lever of trigger mechanism upward. Cone then shoots into grooved half. Attached without tools in less than 2 seconds and taken apart just as quickly and easily. Developed for assembling structures in outer space, also useful for temporary terrestrial structures like scaffolds and portable bleachers. With modifications, used to join sections of pipelines carrying liquids or gases.

Impedance matched joined drill pipe for improved acoustic transmission

DOEpatents

Moss, William C.

2000-01-01

An impedance matched jointed drill pipe for improved acoustic transmission. A passive means and method that maximizes the amplitude and minimize the temporal dispersion of acoustic signals that are sent through a drill string, for use in a measurement while drilling telemetry system. The improvement in signal transmission is accomplished by replacing the standard joints in a drill string with joints constructed of a material that is impedance matched acoustically to the end of the drill pipe to which it is connected. Provides improvement in the measurement while drilling technique which can be utilized for well logging, directional drilling, and drilling dynamics, as well as gamma-ray spectroscopy while drilling post shot boreholes, such as utilized in drilling post shot boreholes.

Fatigue crack growth of 316NG austenitic stainless steel welds at 325 °C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Y. F.; Xiao, J.; Chen, Y.; Zhou, J.; Qiu, S. Y.; Xu, Q.

2018-02-01

316NG austenitic stainless steel is a commonly-used material for primary coolant pipes of pressurized water reactor systems. These pipes are usually joined together by automated narrow gap welding process. In this study, welds were prepared by narrow gap welding on 316NG austenitic stainless steel pipes, and its microstructure of the welds was characterized. Then, fatigue crack growth tests were conducted at 325 °C. Precipitates enriched with Mn and Si were found in the fusion zone. The fatigue crack path was out of plane and secondary cracks initiated from the precipitate/matrix interface. A moderate acceleration of crack growth was also observed at 325°Cair and water (DO = ∼10 ppb) with f = 2 Hz.

Manifold Coal-Slurry Transport System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liddle, S. G.; Estus, J. M.; Lavin, M. L.

1986-01-01

Feeding several slurry pipes into main pipeline reduces congestion in coal mines. System based on manifold concept: feeder pipelines from each working entry joined to main pipeline that carries coal slurry out of panel and onto surface. Manifold concept makes coal-slurry haulage much simpler than existing slurry systems.

Composite materials: A compilation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

Design, analysis and fabrication techniques for boron-aluminum composite-structure technology is presented and a new method of joining different laminated composites without mechanical fasteners is proposed. Also discussed is a low-cost procedure for rigidifying expanded honeycomb tubing and piping simulations. A brief note on patent information is added.

40 CFR 60.481 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... bypassing of equipment without stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter... process. Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a... means two block valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the...

40 CFR 60.481 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... bypassing of equipment without stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter... process. Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a... means two block valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the...

40 CFR 60.481 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... bypassing of equipment without stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter... process. Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a... means two block valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the...

40 CFR 60.481 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... bypassing of equipment without stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter... process. Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a... means two block valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the...

40 CFR 60.481 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... bypassing of equipment without stopping production. Quarter means a 3-month period; the first quarter... process. Connector means flanged, screwed, or other joined fittings used to connect two pipe lines or a... means two block valves connected in series with a bleed valve or line that can vent the line between the...

46 CFR 56.75-10 - Joint clearance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Joint clearance. 56.75-10 Section 56.75-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Brazing § 56.75-10 Joint clearance. (a) The clearance between surfaces to be joined shall be no...

High Temperatures Health Monitoring of the Condensed Water Height in Steam Pipe Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lih, Shyh-Shiuh; Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Lee, Hyeong Jae; Badescu, Mircea; Bao, Xiaoqi; Sherrit, Stewart; Takano, Nobuyuki; Ostlund, Patrick; Blosiu, Julian

2013-01-01

Ultrasonic probes were designed, fabricated and tested for high temperature health monitoring system. The goal of this work was to develop the health monitoring system that can determine the height level of the condensed water through the pipe wall at high temperature up to 250 deg while accounting for the effects of surface perturbation. Among different ultrasonic probe designs, 2.25 MHz probes with air backed configuration provide satisfactory results in terms of sensitivity, receiving reflections from the target through the pipe wall. A series of tests were performed using the air-backed probes under irregular conditions, such as surface perturbation and surface disturbance at elevated temperature, to qualify the developed ultrasonic system. The results demonstrate that the fabricated air-backed probes combined with advanced signal processing techniques offer the capability of health monitoring of steam pipe under various operating conditions.

Socket welds in nuclear facilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Anderson, P.A.; Torres, L.L.

1995-12-31

Socket welds are easier and faster to make than are butt welds. However, they are often not used in nuclear facilities because the crevices between the pipes and the socket sleeves may be subject to crevice corrosion. If socket welds can be qualified for wider use in facilities that process nuclear materials, the radiation exposures to welders can be significantly reduced. The current tests at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) are designed to determine if socket welds can be qualified for use in the waste processing system at a nuclear fuel processing plant.

Residual stress determination in an overlay dissimilar welded pipe by neutron diffraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Woo, Wan Chuck; Em, Vyacheslav; Hubbard, Camden R

2011-01-01

Residual stresses were determined through the thickness of a dissimilar weld overlay pipe using neutron diffraction. The specimen has a complex joining structure consisting of a ferritic steel (SA508), austenitic steel (F316L), Ni-based consumable (Alloy 182), and overlay of Ni-base superalloy (Alloy 52M). It simulates pressurized nozzle components, which have been a critical issue under the severe crack condition of nuclear power reactors. Two neutron diffractometers with different spatial resolutions have been utilized on the identical specimen for comparison. The macroscopic 'stress-free' lattice spacing (d{sub o}) was also obtained from both using a 2-mm width comb-like coupon. The results showmore » significant changes in residual stresses from tension (300-400 MPa) to compression (-600 MPa) through the thickness of the dissimilar weld overlay pipe specimen.« less

Tenure and Employment Contracts: Evolving Standards for Principals. A Legal Memorandum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buckner, Kermit

Decision makers in education frequently identify tenure laws as a barrier to improving student achievement. Many principals believe statutes and case law adequately protect employees, and join others calling for modifications in tenure policies. The inadequate number of qualified applicants for principal positions is a national problem that…

WELDING METHOD

DOEpatents

Cornell, A.A.; Dunbar, J.V.; Ruffner, J.H.

1959-09-29

A semi-automatic method is described for the weld joining of pipes and fittings which utilizes the inert gasshielded consumable electrode electric arc welding technique, comprising laying down the root pass at a first peripheral velocity and thereafter laying down the filler passes over the root pass necessary to complete the weld by revolving the pipes and fittings at a second peripheral velocity different from the first peripheral velocity, maintaining the welding head in a fixed position as to the specific direction of revolution, while the longitudinal axis of the welding head is disposed angularly in the direction of revolution at amounts between twenty minutas and about four degrees from the first position.

Distributed acoustic fibre optic sensors for condition monitoring of pipelines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hussels, Maria-Teresa; Chruscicki, Sebastian; Habib, Abdelkarim; Krebber, Katerina

2016-05-01

Industrial piping systems are particularly relevant to public safety and the continuous availability of infrastructure. However, condition monitoring systems based on many discrete sensors are generally not well-suited for widespread piping systems due to considerable installation effort, while use of distributed fibre-optic sensors would reduce this effort to a minimum. Specifically distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) is employed for detection of third-party threats and leaks in oil and gas pipelines in recent years and can in principle also be applied to industrial plants. Further possible detection routes amenable by DAS that could identify damage prior to emission of medium are subject of a current project at BAM, which aims at qualifying distributed fibre optic methods such as DAS as a means for spatially continuous monitoring of industrial piping systems. Here, first tests on a short pipe are presented, where optical fibres were applied directly to the surface. An artificial signal was used to define suitable parameters of the measurement system and compare different ways of applying the sensor.

Steamfitter-Pipefitter: Apprenticeship Course Outline. Apprenticeship and Industry Training. 0708.1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alberta Advanced Education and Technology, 2008

2008-01-01

The graduate of the Steamfitter-Pipefitter apprenticeship program is a certified journeyperson who will be able to: (1) install and maintain high pressure and low-pressure steam and hot liquid systems, including various process and industrial systems; (2) fabricate, join and install any pipe system used for various purposes in buildings, using any…

Embedded Heaters for Joining or Separating Plastic Parts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryant, Melvin A., III

2004-01-01

A proposed thermal-bonding technique would make it possible to join or separate thermoplastic parts quickly and efficiently. The technique would eliminate the need for conventional welding or for such conventional fastening components as bolted flanges or interlocking hooks. The technique could be particularly useful in the sign industry (in which large quantities of thermoplastics are used) or could be used to join plastic pipes. A thin sheet of a suitable electrically conductive material would be formed to fit between two thermoplastic parts to be joined (see figure). The electrically conductive sheet and the two parts would be put together tightly, then an electrical current would be sent through the conductor to heat the thermoplastic locally. The magnitude of the current and the heating time would be chosen to generate just enough heat to cause the thermoplastic to adhere to both sides of the electrically conductive sheet. Optionally, the electrically conductive sheet could contain many small holes to provide purchase or to increase electrical resistance to facilitate the generation of heat. After thermal bonding, the electrically conductive sheet remains as an integral part of the structure. If necessary, the electrically conductive sheet can be reheated later to separate the joined thermoplastic parts.

78 FR 63176 - Notice of Preliminary Determination of a Qualifying Conduit Hydropower Facility and Soliciting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-23

... new ``y'' pipe intake off the existing 10-inch diameter water supply pipeline; (2) a new 12-foot-long... water supply pipeline; and (5) appurtenant facilities. The proposed project would have an estimated... 22 kW Orchard City Water Treatment Plant Hydroelectric Project would utilize Orchard City's water...

46 CFR 57.05-3 - Limited space qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Limited space qualifications. 57.05-3 Section 57.05-3... Performance Qualifications § 57.05-3 Limited space qualifications. When a welder is to be qualified for welding or torch brazing of piping on board ship in a limited or restricted space, the space restrictions...

46 CFR 57.05-3 - Limited space qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Limited space qualifications. 57.05-3 Section 57.05-3... Performance Qualifications § 57.05-3 Limited space qualifications. When a welder is to be qualified for welding or torch brazing of piping on board ship in a limited or restricted space, the space restrictions...

46 CFR 57.05-3 - Limited space qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Limited space qualifications. 57.05-3 Section 57.05-3... Performance Qualifications § 57.05-3 Limited space qualifications. When a welder is to be qualified for welding or torch brazing of piping on board ship in a limited or restricted space, the space restrictions...

46 CFR 57.05-3 - Limited space qualifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Limited space qualifications. 57.05-3 Section 57.05-3... Performance Qualifications § 57.05-3 Limited space qualifications. When a welder is to be qualified for welding or torch brazing of piping on board ship in a limited or restricted space, the space restrictions...

49 CFR 192.227 - Qualification of welders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Welding of Steel in Pipelines § 192.227 Qualification... earlier edition. (b) A welder may qualify to perform welding on pipe to be operated at a pressure that... process to be used, under the test set forth in section I of Appendix C of this part. Each welder who is...

Seismic stops for nuclear power plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cloud, R.L.; Leung, J.S.M.; Anderson, P.H.

1989-10-01

In the regulated world of nuclear power, the need to have analytical proof of performance in hypothetical design-basis events such as earth quakes has placed a premium on design configurations that are mathematically tractable and easily analyzed. This is particularly true for the piping design. Depending on how the piping analyses are organized and on how old the plant is, there may be from 200 to 1000 separate piping runs to be designed, analyzed, and qualified. In this situation, the development of snubbers seemed like the answer to a piping engineer's prayer. At any place where seismic support was requiredmore » but thermal motion had to be accommodated, a snubber could be specified. But, as experience has now shown, the program was solved only on paper. This article presents an alternative to conventional snubbers. These new devices, termed Seismic Stops are designed to replace snubbers directly and look like snubbers on the outside. But their design is based on a completely different principle. The original concept has adapted from early seismic-resistant pipe support designs used on fossil power plants in California. The fundamental idea is to provide a space envelope in which the pipe can expand freely between the hot and cold positions, but cannot move outside the envelope. Seismic Stops are designed to transmit any possible impact load, as would occur in an earthquake, away from the pipe itself to the Seismic Stop. The Seismic Stop pipe support is shown.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mensah, P.F.; Stubblefield, M.A.; Pang, S.S.

Thermal characterization of a prepreg fabric used as the bonding material to join composite pipes has been modeled and solved using finite difference modeling (FDM) numerical analysis technique for one dimensional heat transfer through the material. Temperature distributions within the composite pipe joint are predicted. The prepreg material has temperature dependent thermal properties. Thus the resulting boundary value equations are non linear and analytical solutions cannot be obtained. This characterization is pertinent in determining the temperature profile in the prepreg layer during the manufacturing process for optimization purposes. In addition, in order to assess the effects of induced thermal stressmore » in the joint, the temperature profile is needed. The methodology employed in this analysis compares favorably with data from experimentation.« less

Quick-Connect, Self-Alining Latch

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burns, G. C.; Williams, E. J.

1983-01-01

Sturdy latch tolerates 10 degrees of angular mismatch in joining structural elements. Hexagonal passive plate nests in active plate, guided by capture plates and alinement keys and grooves. Center hole in both active and passive plates is 1 meter in diameter. Latch has possible uses a pipe joint, connector for parts of portable structures, and fitting for marine risers on offshore drilling rigs.

High heat flux composites for plasma-facing materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ting, J.-M.; Lake, M. L.

1994-09-01

Vapor grown carbon fiber (VGCF) has been shown to have the highest thermal conductivity of all carbon fiber currently available. This property holds potential of increasing the thickness and longevity of fusion reactor plasma-facing materials. The use of VGCF as a reinforcement in carbon/carbon composites has been explored, as well as methods of joining these plasma-facing materials to copper alloy heat pipes. In extensive study of VGCF/carbon matrix composites, the influence of fiber volume fraction, density, densification method, and heat treatment on composite properties were investigated. Joining of VGCF/carbon composites to copper and beryllium to copper using a novel alloying method was studied. The joint interface was examined by RBS analysis and thermal conductance.

78 FR 66355 - Pleasant Grove City, UT; Notice of Preliminary Determination of a Qualifying Conduit Hydropower...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-05

... intake pipe off the existing 12-inch diameter water supply pipeline; (2) a new powerhouse containing one... water into an existing 12-inch water supply pipeline; and (4) appurtenant facilities. The proposed...--Project Blue Energy would utilize Pleasant Grove's water intake pipeline that delivers water to its water...

Evaluation of the Danish Leave Schemes. Summary of a Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andersen, Dines; Appeldorn, Alice; Weise, Hanne

An evaluation examined how the Danish leave schemes, an offer to employed and unemployed persons who qualify for unemployment benefits, were functioning and to what extent the objectives have been achieved. It was found that 60 percent of those taking leave had previously been unemployed; women accounted for two-thirds of those joining the scheme;…

Professional Identity and Engagement among Newly Qualified Teachers in Times of Uncertainty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Correa Gorospe, José Miguel; Martínez-Arbelaiz, Asunción; Fernández-Olaskoaga, Lorea

2018-01-01

Social, political and economic conditions shape a context of permanent flux where early childhood education teachers have to join the labour market and build their professional identity while facing numerous challenges. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects that a changing world and precarious job conditions can have on newly…

Nurse Education and Communities of Practice. Researching Professional Education Research Reports Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkitt, Ian; Husband, Charles; Mackenzie, Jennifer; Torn, Alison

The processes whereby nurses develop the skills and knowledge required to deliver individualized and holistic care were examined in a 2-year study of nurses in a range of clinical settings and a university department of nursing in England. Members of two research teams of qualified nurses joined various communities of nursing practice as…

An analysis of pipe flange connections using epoxy adhesives/anaerobic sealant instead of gaskets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sawa, T.; Sasaki, R.; Yoneno, M.

1995-11-01

This paper deals with the strength and the sealing performance of pipe flange connections combining the bonding force of adhesives with the clamping force of bolts. The epoxy adhesives or anaerobic sealants are bonded at the interface partially instead of gaskets in pipe flange connections. The stress distribution in the epoxy adhesives (anaerobic sealant), which governs the sealing performance, and the variations in axial bolt force are analyzed, using an axisymmetrical theory of elasticity, when an internal pressure is applied to a connection in which two pipe flanges are clamped together buy bolts and nuts with an initial clamping forcemore » after being joined by epoxy adhesives or anaerobic sealant. In addition, a method for estimating the strength of the combination connection is demonstrated. Experiments are performed and the analytical results are consistent with the experimental results concerning the variation in axial bolt force and the strength of combination connections. It can be seen that the strength of connections increases with a decrease in the bolt pitch circle diameter. Furthermore, it is seen that the sealing performance of such combination connections in which the interface is bonded partially is improved over that of pipe flange connections with metallic gaskets.« less

Launching biosimilar rituximab: an industry opinion on biosimilar uptake in Europe.

PubMed

Trollope, Richard; Johnson, Sue; Ireland, Henry

2017-06-01

Richard Trollope and Sue Johnson talk with Henry Ireland, Senior Editor about the recent approval of biosimilar rituximab (Truxima ® ) & the current state of biosimilar uptake across Europe Richard Trollope, Head of Biosimilars, Mundipharma International Limited, qualified as a biochemist before joining Wyeth's commercial operations, prior to its acquisition by Pfizer. Richard later joined Yamanouchi Pharmaceuticals (now Astellas Pharma). His fascination with oncology led him to join Mundipharma in Europe and after joining the company's UK arm (Napp Pharmaceuticals Limited), Richard began his journey in biosimilars. He now heads up the biosimilar franchise at Mundipharma International as it launches biosimilar rituximab (Truxima ® ) - the first biosimilar monoclonal antibody for the treatment of cancer, which will be distributed by Napp Pharmaceuticals in the UK. Sue Johnson, PhD, Medical Insights at Mundipharma International Limited, is a scientist by background and completed her postdoc fellowship at Harvard Medical School. On returning to the UK, she began her career in the pharmaceutical industry, working in UK Medical Affairs before transitioning to a European role with Mundipharma 2 years ago, where she leads on Medical Insights for the biosimilars franchise.

Students Selection for University Course Admission at the Joint Admissions Board (Kenya) Using Trained Neural Networks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wabwoba, Franklin; Mwakondo, Fullgence M.

2011-01-01

Every year, the Joint Admission Board (JAB) is tasked to determine those students who are expected to join various Kenyan public universities under the government sponsorship scheme. This exercise is usually extensive because of the large number of qualified students compared to the very limited number of slots at various institutions and the…

Part of the global livestock industry.

PubMed

Tice, George

2016-06-18

As an undergraduate, George Tice developed an interest in farm animal medicine and planned to work in this area after qualifying, but he also wanted to experience working in Africa. Having achieved both, he joined Elanco and has worked in a variety of roles in Europe and the USA. So as not to lose direct contact with animals, however, he keeps a selection at home. British Veterinary Association.

Dish/stirling hybrid-receiver

DOEpatents

Mehos, Mark S.; Anselmo, Kenneth M.; Moreno, James B.; Andraka, Charles E.; Rawlinson, K. Scott; Corey, John; Bohn, Mark S.

2002-01-01

A hybrid high-temperature solar receiver is provided which comprises a solar heat-pipe-receiver including a front dome having a solar absorber surface for receiving concentrated solar energy, a heat pipe wick, a rear dome, a sidewall joining the front and the rear dome, and a vapor and a return liquid tube connecting to an engine, and a fossil fuel fired combustion system in radial integration with the sidewall for simultaneous operation with the solar heat pipe receiver, the combustion system comprising an air and fuel pre-mixer, an outer cooling jacket for tangentially introducing and cooling the mixture, a recuperator for preheating the mixture, a burner plenum having an inner and an outer wall, a porous cylindrical metal matrix burner firing radially inward facing a sodium vapor sink, the mixture ignited downstream of the matrix forming combustion products, an exhaust plenum, a fossil-fuel heat-input surface having an outer surface covered with a pin-fin array, the combustion products flowing through the array to give up additional heat to the receiver, and an inner surface covered with an extension of the heat-pipe wick, a pin-fin shroud sealed to the burner and exhaust plenums, an end seal, a flue-gas diversion tube and a flue-gas valve for use at off-design conditions to limit the temperature of the pre-heated air and fuel mixture, preventing pre-ignition.

Kimberlites of the Man craton, West Africa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skinner, E. M. W.; Apter, D. B.; Morelli, C.; Smithson, N. K.

2004-09-01

The Man craton in West Africa is an Archaean craton formerly joined to the Guyana craton (South America) that was rifted apart in the Mesozoic. Kimberlites of the Man craton include three Jurassic-aged clusters in Guinea, two Jurassic-aged clusters in Sierra Leone, and in Liberia two clusters of unknown age and one Neoproterozoic cluster recently dated at ∼800 Ma. All of the kimberlites irrespective of age occur as small pipes and prolific dykes. Some of the Banankoro cluster pipes in Guinea, the Koidu pipes in Sierra Leone and small pipes in the Weasua cluster in Liberia contain hypabyssal-facies kimberlite and remnants of the so-called transitional-facies and diatreme-facies kimberlite. Most of the Man craton kimberlites are mineralogically classified as phlogopite kimberlites, although potassium contents are relatively low. They are chemically similar to mica-poor Group 1A Southern African examples. The Jurassic kimberlites are considered to represent one province of kimberlites that track from older bodies in Guinea (Droujba 153 Ma) to progressively younger kimberlites in Sierra Leone (Koidu, 146 Ma and Tongo, 140 Ma). The scarcity of diatreme-facies kimberlites relative to hypabyssal-facies kimberlites and the presence of the so-called transitional-facies indicate that the pipes have been eroded down to the interface between the root and diatreme zones. From this observation, it is concluded that extensive erosion (1-2 km) has occurred since the Jurassic. In addition to erosion, the presence of abundant early crystallizing phlogopite is considered to have had an effect on the relatively small sizes of the Man craton kimberlites.

Design, fabrication and testing of a thermal diode

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swerdling, B.; Kosson, R.

1972-01-01

Heat pipe diode types are discussed. The design, fabrication and test of a flight qualified diode for the Advanced Thermal Control Flight Experiment (ATFE) are described. The review covers the use of non-condensable gas, freezing, liquid trap, and liquid blockage techniques. Test data and parametric performance are presented for the liquid trap and liquid blockage techniques. The liquid blockage technique was selected for the ATFE diode on the basis of small reservoir size, low reverse mode heat transfer, and apparent rapid shut-off.

Fostering Local Health Department and Health System Collaboration Through Case Conferences for At-Risk and Vulnerable Populations.

PubMed

Vest, Joshua R; Caine, Virginia; Harris, Lisa E; Watson, Dennis P; Menachemi, Nir; Halverson, Paul

2018-05-01

In case conferences, health care providers work together to identify and address patients' complex social and medical needs. Public health nurses from the local health department joined case conference teams at federally qualified health center primary care sites to foster cross-sector collaboration, integration, and mutual learning. Public health nurse participation resulted in frequent referrals to local health department services, greater awareness of public health capabilities, and potential policy interventions to address social determinants of health.

Sound reflection by a resonator array in a multimode cylindrical waveguide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lapin, A. D.

2012-09-01

The paper considers the problem of scattering of the mth symmetric mode by an array of Q rings of identical, closely located Helmholtz resonators joined by necks to the walls of a wide circular pipe. The distance between rings is equal to half the wavelength of this mode at frequency ω, equal or close to the eigen-frequency of the resonator ring with allowance for the connected mass and interaction of neighboring rings via inhomogeneous modes. The coefficient of reflection of the mth mode from this grating array is calculated.

Use of a GIS-based hybrid artificial neural network to prioritize the order of pipe replacement in a water distribution network.

PubMed

Ho, Cheng-I; Lin, Min-Der; Lo, Shang-Lien

2010-07-01

A methodology based on the integration of a seismic-based artificial neural network (ANN) model and a geographic information system (GIS) to assess water leakage and to prioritize pipeline replacement is developed in this work. Qualified pipeline break-event data derived from the Taiwan Water Corporation Pipeline Leakage Repair Management System were analyzed. "Pipe diameter," "pipe material," and "the number of magnitude-3( + ) earthquakes" were employed as the input factors of ANN, while "the number of monthly breaks" was used for the prediction output. This study is the first attempt to manipulate earthquake data in the break-event ANN prediction model. Spatial distribution of the pipeline break-event data was analyzed and visualized by GIS. Through this, the users can swiftly figure out the hotspots of the leakage areas. A northeastern township in Taiwan, frequently affected by earthquakes, is chosen as the case study. Compared to the traditional processes for determining the priorities of pipeline replacement, the methodology developed is more effective and efficient. Likewise, the methodology can overcome the difficulty of prioritizing pipeline replacement even in situations where the break-event records are unavailable.

Summary of Prior Work on Joining of Oxide Dispersion-Strengthened Alloys

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wright, Ian G; Tatlock, Gordon J; Badairy, H.

2009-08-01

There is a range of joining techniques available for use with ODS alloys, but care should be exercised in matching the technique to the final duty requirements of the joint. The goal for joining ODS alloys is a joint with no local disruption of the distribution of the oxide dispersion, and no significant change in the size and orientation of the alloy microstructure. Not surprisingly, the fusion welding processes typically employed with wrought alloys produce the least satisfactory results with ODS alloys, but some versions, such as fusion spot welding, and the laser and electron-beam welding technologies, have demonstrated potentialmore » for producing sound joints. Welds made using solid-state spot welding reportedly have exhibited parent metal properties. Thus, it is possible to employ processes that result in significant disruption of the alloy microstructure, as long as the processing parameters are adjustment to minimize the extent of or influence of the changes in the alloy microstructure. Selection among these joining approaches largely depends on the particular application and component configuration, and an understanding of the relationships among processing, alloy microstructure, and final properties is key. Recent developments have resulted in friction welding evolving to be a prime method for joining ODS sheet products, and variants of brazing/diffusion bonding have shown excellent promise for use with tubes and pipes. The techniques that come closest to the goal defined above involve solid-state diffusion bonding and, in particular, it has been found that secondary recrystallization of joints made by pulsed plasma-assisted diffusion can produce the desired, continuous, large alloy grain structure through the joint. Such joints have exhibited creep rupture failure at >82% of the load needed to fail the monolithic parent alloy at 1000 C.« less

Demonstration of Pipe Corrosion Sensors at Fort Bragg, NC: Final Report on Project AR-F-317 for FY05

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

PELIGRO Algunos de los capítulos del manual que presentamos contienen información muy importante en forma de alertas, notas y precauciones a tomar. Lea...chimiques. PELIGRO La manipulación de muestras químicas, estándares y reactivos puede ser peligrosa. Revise las fichas de seguridad de materiales y...partie du mode d’emploi doivent être seulement effectuées par le personnel qualifié pour le faire. PELIGRO Algunos de los capítulos del manual que

Digital Radiography Qualification of Tube Welding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carl, Chad

2012-01-01

The Orion Project will be directing Lockheed Martin to perform orbital arc welding on commodities metallic tubing as part of the Multi Purpose Crew Vehicle assembly and integration process in the Operations and Checkout High bay at Kennedy Space Center. The current method of nondestructive evaluation is utilizing traditional film based x-rays. Due to the high number of welds that are necessary to join the commodities tubing (approx 470), a more efficient and expeditious method of nondestructive evaluation is desired. Digital radiography will be qualified as part of a broader NNWG project scope.

Rolling-cuff flexible bellows

DOEpatents

Lambert, D.R.

1982-09-27

A flexible connector apparatus used to join two stiff non-deformable members, such as piping, is described. The apparatus is provided with one or more flexible sections or assemblies each utilizing a bellows of a rolling cuff type connected between two ridge members, with the bellows being supported by a back-up ring, such that only the curved end sections of the bellows are unsupported. Thus, the bellows can be considered as being of a tube-shaped configuration and thus have high pressure resistance. The components of the flexible apparatus are sealed or welded one to another such that it is fluid tight.

Welding and brazing of nickel and nickel-base alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mortland, J. E.; Evans, R. M.; Monroe, R. E.

1972-01-01

The joining of four types of nickel-base materials is described: (1) high-nickel, nonheat-treatable alloys, (2) solid-solution-hardening nickel-base alloys, (3) precipitation-hardening nickel-base alloys, and (4) dispersion-hardening nickel-base alloys. The high-nickel and solid-solution-hardening alloys are widely used in chemical containers and piping. These materials have excellent resistance to corrosion and oxidation, and retain useful strength at elevated temperatures. The precipitation-hardening alloys have good properties at elevated temperature. They are important in many aerospace applications. Dispersion-hardening nickel also is used for elevated-temperature service.

Analysis of Piping Systems for Life Extension of Heavy Water Plants in India

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mishra, Rajesh K.; Soni, R.S.; Kushwaha, H.S.

Heavy water production in India has achieved many milestones in the past. Two of the successfully running heavy water plants are on the verge of completion of their design life in the near future. One of these two plants, situated at Kota, is a hydrogen sulfide based plant and the other one at Tuticorin is an ammonia-based plant. Various exercises have been planned with an aim to assess the fatigue usage for the various components of these plants in order to extend their life. Considering the process parameters and the past history of the plant performance, critical piping systems andmore » equipment are identified. Analyses have been carried out for these critical piping systems for mainly two kinds of loading, viz. sustained loads and the expansion loads. Static analysis has been carried out to find the induced stress levels due to sustained as well as thermal expansion loading as per the design code ANSI B31.3. Due consideration has been given to the design corrosion allowance while evaluating the stresses due to sustained loads. At the locations where the induced stresses (S{sub L}) due to the sustained loads are exceeding the allowable limits (S{sub h}), exercises have been carried out considering the reduced corrosion allowance value. This strategy is adopted in view of the fact that the thickness measurements carried out at site at various critical locations show a very low rate of corrosion. It has been possible to qualify the system with reduced corrosion allowance values however, it is recommended to keep that location under periodic monitoring. The strategy adopted for carrying out analysis for thermal expansion loading is to qualify the system as per the code allowable value (S{sub a}). If the stresses are more than the allowable value, credit of liberal allowable value as suggested in the code i.e., with the addition of the term (S{sub h}-S{sub L}) to the term 0.25 S{sub h}, has been taken. However, if at any location, it is found that thermal stress is high, fatigue analysis has been carried out. This is done using the provisions of ASME Code Section VIII, Div. 2 by evaluating the cumulative fatigue usage factor. Results of these exercises reveal that the piping systems of both of these plants are in a very healthy state. Based on these exercises, it has been concluded that the life of the plants can be safely extended further with enhanced in-service inspection provisions. (authors)« less

AstroPAL: A Mentoring Program for Grad Students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cabrera, Nicole

2016-01-01

The Astronomy Peer Advising Leaders program (AstroPAL) provides guidance for incoming grad students from a team of student volunteers who have passed their 2nd year Qualifier Exam. The purpose is to pair first years with a mentor who can help them through some of the stresses or difficulties that come with being a new grad student. AstroPALs and mentees meet privately about once a month in a casual setting to talk about how they're adjusting to the new surroundings, how they're handling the workload, etc. New students can join AstroPAL at any time during their first two years, and can stop receiving guidance once they feel comfortable in the program. Mentees will be assigned an AstroPAL based on preference and availability, and an AstroPAL Liason will always be in place to facilitate mentor reassignments or other issues if necessary. After passing the 2nd year Qualifier Exam, mentees are eligible to serve as mentors to incoming students.

Astro Stars Camp features underwater robotics

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-06-29

Ian Tonglet, 13, (left) and Seth Malley, 13, both of Picayune, Miss., and both participants in the 2010 Astro Stars session at Stennis Space Center, work with an underwater robot during a camp activity June 29. NASA joined with the U.S. Navy for the underwater robotics exercise involving Sea Perch robots, which are simple, remotely operated underwater vehicles made from PVC pipe and other inexpensive, easily available materials. During the Stennis exercise, students used robots constructed earlier in the day to maneuver underwater and collect plastic rings, as seen to the left of Tonglet. Astro STARS (Spaceflight, Technology, Astronomy & Robotics @ Stennis) is a science and technology camp for 13-15 year olds.

Study of the Effects of Centrifugal Instabilities on Flow in a 40 to 1 Aspect Ratio Rectangular Curved Channel, for Dean Numbers from 35 to Fully Turbulent Conditions

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-12-01

is constructed from stainless steel hypodermic tubing with inner and outer diameters of 0.203 mm and 0.406 mm. The five tubes were first joined by...for all channels is 256 kHz. A schematic diagram of the measurement process [Ref. 25] is given in Figure 78, and is also described below. The analog...and smoke rake. Combustion takes place inside a 40.64 cm long, 6.27 cm inside diameter (2.5 inch schedule 40) steel pipe. Inside this chamber, smoke is

Business involvement in science education

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Winter, P.

1995-12-31

Science and math education in grades K through 12 directly affects America`s ability to meet tomorrow`s challenges. If America is to stay competitive in the world, we will need highly qualified scientists and engineers in industry and government and at universities. Jobs of the future will require greater technical and mathematical literacy than jobs of the past. Our goal is both to improve the quality of science education and to encourage more students to pursue science careers. General Atomics, a privately held research and development company, has joined the growing list of businesses that are committed to helping educators preparemore » students to meet these challenges.« less

The development and testing of the thermal break divertor monoblock target design delivering 20 MW m-2 heat load capability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fursdon, M.; Barrett, T.; Domptail, F.; Evans, Ll M.; Luzginova, N.; Greuner, N. H.; You, J.-H.; Li, M.; Richou, M.; Gallay, F.; Visca, E.

2017-12-01

The design and development of a novel plasma facing component (for fusion power plants) is described. The component uses the existing ‘monoblock’ construction which consists of a tungsten ‘block’ joined via a copper interlayer to a through CuCrZr cooling pipe. In the new concept the interlayer stiffness and conductivity properties are tuned so that stress in the principal structural element of the component (the cooling pipe) is reduced. Following initial trials with off-the-shelf materials, the concept was realized by machined features in an otherwise solid copper interlayer. The shape and distribution of the features were tuned by finite element analyses subject to ITER structural design criterion in-vessel components (SDC-IC) design rules. Proof of concept mock-ups were manufactured using a two stage brazing process verified by tomography and micrographic inspection. Full assemblies were inspected using ultrasound and thermographic (SATIR) test methods at ENEA and CEA respectively. High heat flux tests using IPP’s GLADIS facility showed that 200 cycles at 20 MW m-2 and five cycles at 25 MW m-2 could be sustained without apparent component damage. Further testing and component development is planned.

Social and Built Environmental Correlates of Predicted Blood Lead Levels in the Flint Water Crisis.

PubMed

Sadler, Richard Casey; LaChance, Jenny; Hanna-Attisha, Mona

2017-05-01

To highlight contextual factors tied to increased blood lead level (BLL) risk following the lead-in-water contamination in Flint, Michigan. Using geocoded BLL data collected in 2013 and 2015 and areal interpolation, we predicted BLLs at every residential parcel in the city. We then spatially joined social and built environmental variables to link the parcels with neighborhood-level factors that may influence BLLs. When we compared levels before and during the water crisis, we saw the highest estimates of predicted BLLs during the water crisis and the greatest changes in BLLs in neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes (μ = 2.30 µg/dL; Δ = 0.45 µg/dL), oldest house age (μ = 2.22 µg/dL; Δ = 0.37 µg/dL), and poorest average neighborhood housing condition (μ = 2.18 µg/dL; Δ = 0.44 µg/dL). Key social and built environmental variables correlate with BLL; such information can continue to guide response by prioritizing older, deteriorating neighborhoods with the longest water residence time in pipes.

Study of the structure and properties of metal of the major steam lines of a CCGT-420 unit made from high-chromium X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91) steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grin', E. A.; Anokhov, A. E.; Pchelintsev, A. V.; Krüger, E.-T.

2016-07-01

The technology of manufacture of live steam lines and hot reheat lines at FINOW Rohrsysteme GmbH are discussed. These pipelines are designed for high-performance CCGT units and are made from high-chromium martensitic steel X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91). The principles of certification and evaluation of conformance of thermal and mechanical equipment made from new construction materials with the TRCU 032-2013 technical regulation of the Customs Union are detailed. The requirements outlined in Russian and international regulatory documents regarding the manufacture of pipes and semifinished products for pipeline systems are compared. The characteristic features of high-chromium martensitic steel, which define the requirements for its heat treatment and welding, are outlined. The methodology and the results of a comprehensive analysis of metal of pipes, fittings, and weld joints of steam lines are presented. It is demonstrated that the short-term mechanical properties of metal (P91 steel) of pipes, bends, and weld joints meet the requirements of European standards and Russian technical specifications. The experimental data on long-term strength of metal of pipes from a live steam line virtually match the corresponding reference curve from the European standard, while certain experimental points for metal of bends of this steam line and metal of pipes and bends from a hot reheat line lie below the reference curve, but they definitely stay within the qualifying (20%) interval of the scatter band. The presence of a weakened layer in the heat-affected zone of weld joints of steel P91 is established. It is shown that the properties of this zone govern the short-term and long-term strength of weld joints in general. The results of synthesis and analysis of research data support the notion that the certification testing of steam lines and other equipment made from chromium steels should necessarily involve the determination of long-term strength parameters.

Boltless flange

DOEpatents

Kirkham, R.J.

1997-04-15

A boltless, reusable flange system for joining metal piping includes a circular, wedge-shaped tongue on an upper flange for mating with a groove containing a fusible alloy in a lower flange. The lower flange includes a heating element for melting the fusible alloy, and a thermocouple device to sense the alloy temperature. Heat can be controlled and supplied from a remote source and monitored by a remote temperature indicator. The upper flange is positioned above the lower flange, tongue and groove aligned, and the lower flange is heated until the fusible alloy melts to allow the upper tongue to settle down within the lower groove. Upon removal of the heat, the alloy hardens to further bring the two flanges together in a solid and sealed couple, compressing an optional gasket. 4 figs.

Boltless flange

DOEpatents

Kirkham, Robert J.

1997-01-01

A boltless, reusable flange system for joining metal piping includes a circular, wedge-shaped tongue on an upper flange for mating with a groove containing a fusible alloy in a lower flange. The lower flange includes a heating element for melting the fusible alloy, and a thermocouple device to sense the alloy temperature. Heat can be controlled and supplied from a remote source and monitored by a remote temperature indicator. The upper flange is positioned above the lower flange, tongue and groove aligned, and the lower flange is heated until the fusible alloy melts to allow the upper tongue to settle down within the lower groove. Upon removal of the heat, the alloy hardens to further bring the two flanges together in a solid and sealed couple, compressing an optional gasket.

Foreword: Additive Manufacturing: Interrelationships of Fabrication, Constitutive Relationships Targeting Performance, and Feedback to Process Control

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carpenter, John S.; Beese, Allison M.; Bourell, David L.

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers distinct advantages over conventional manufacturing processes including the capability to both build and repair complex part shapes; to integrate and consolidate parts and thus overcome joining concerns; and to locally tailor material compositions as well as properties. Moreover, a variety of fields such as aerospace, military, automotive, and biomedical are employing this manufacturing technique as a way to decrease costs, increase manufacturing agility, and explore novel geometry/functionalities. In order to increase acceptance of AM as a viable processing method, pathways for qualifying both the material and the process need to be developed and, perhaps, standardized. Thismore » symposium was designed to serve as a venue for the international AM community—including government, academia, and industry—to define the fundamental interrelationships between feedstock, processing, microstructure, shape, mechanical behavior/materials properties, and function/performance. Eventually, insight into the connections between processing, microstructure, property, and performance will be achieved through experimental observations, theoretical advances, and computational modeling of physical processes. Finally, once this insight matures, AM will be able to move from the realm of making parts to making qualified materials that are certified for use with minimal need for post-fabrication characterization.« less

Foreword: Additive Manufacturing: Interrelationships of Fabrication, Constitutive Relationships Targeting Performance, and Feedback to Process Control

DOE PAGES

Carpenter, John S.; Beese, Allison M.; Bourell, David L.; ...

2015-06-26

Additive manufacturing (AM) offers distinct advantages over conventional manufacturing processes including the capability to both build and repair complex part shapes; to integrate and consolidate parts and thus overcome joining concerns; and to locally tailor material compositions as well as properties. Moreover, a variety of fields such as aerospace, military, automotive, and biomedical are employing this manufacturing technique as a way to decrease costs, increase manufacturing agility, and explore novel geometry/functionalities. In order to increase acceptance of AM as a viable processing method, pathways for qualifying both the material and the process need to be developed and, perhaps, standardized. Thismore » symposium was designed to serve as a venue for the international AM community—including government, academia, and industry—to define the fundamental interrelationships between feedstock, processing, microstructure, shape, mechanical behavior/materials properties, and function/performance. Eventually, insight into the connections between processing, microstructure, property, and performance will be achieved through experimental observations, theoretical advances, and computational modeling of physical processes. Finally, once this insight matures, AM will be able to move from the realm of making parts to making qualified materials that are certified for use with minimal need for post-fabrication characterization.« less

Exploring the engineering limit of heat flux of a W/RAFM divertor target for fusion reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mao, X.; Fursdon, M.; Chang, X. B.; Zhang, J. W.; Liu, P.; Ellwood, G.; Qian, X. Y.; Qin, S. J.; Peng, X. B.; Barrett, T. R.; Liu, P.

2018-06-01

The design and development of a fusion reactor divertor plasma facing component (PFC) is one of the many challenging issues on the road to commercial use of fusion energy. The divertor PFC is expected to exhaust steady state heat loads in the region of 10 MW m‑2 while keeping temperatures and thermo-mechanical stresses in its structure within the allowable limits. For ITER (International Thermo-Nuclear Experimental Reactor) a water cooled W/CuCrZr divertor PFC concept has been developed. However, this concept is not necessarily assured for use in future fusion reactors mainly because the neutron radiation dose would be at least an order magnitude higher, resulting in limited thermo-mechanical performance and considerably more activated waste products. In the present study, a water cooled divertor PFC using reduced activation ferritic-martensitic (RAFM) steel as the heat sink pipe has been designed with pressurised water reactor-like cooling conditions (pressure of 15.5 MPa, velocity of 10–20 m s‑1 and temperature of 300 °C). The PFC is made up of a number of rectangular tungsten tiles, each with an inner circular hole (so-called monoblocks), joined onto a RAFM steel pipe with copper interlayers. The thermo-mechanical performance of the PFC has been studied in detail. The heat transfer coefficient between the RAFM pipe inner surface and the water was calculated using published correlations. Geometric parameters and water velocity were optimized with finite element (FE) thermal analysis, to achieve acceptable temperatures in the structure given the target exhaust heat load of 10 MW m‑2. Under this heat load and the optimised thermal design parameters, the structure of the PFC was further assessed by mechanical analysis. We find that under these conditions the RAFM steel pipe experiences cyclic plasticity, and fails the common linear elastic ratchetting (3 Sm) rule. Nevertheless, the designed W/RAFM divertor PFU can withstand 10 MW m‑2 heat load, albeit with a fatigue life of approximately 0.55 years based on the expected operation scenario of a prototype or test reactor. This study extends the state of knowledge of the technological limit of a divertor based on a RAFM steel pipe structure.

Classical and Modern Design Solutions in Conceptual Design of a Pedestrian Bridge over Vistula River in Cracow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ryż, Karol; Pańtak, Marek

2017-10-01

In the paper the design concept of the steel pedestrian bridge over Vistula river in Cracow, Poland has been characterised. The footbridge was designed as a truss structure with steel pipes, Warren truss configuration, arched bottom chord and spans 15.5+120.0+15.5 m. Intensive tourist traffic around the Wawel Castle in Cracow, directed towards the historic Kazimierz district, Wawel Hill and the Old Town Market Place requires the creation of a bridge structure over the Vistula River that will meet both the communication and recreation functions. An additional aim was to design a structure which architectural form will not unduly and negatively interfere in the environment and will join the technical capabilities of the XXI century with the charm of nearby historic buildings.

Remaining Sites Verification Package for the 100-F-26:12, 1.8-m (72-in.) Main Process Sewer Pipeline, Waste Site Reclassification Form 2007-034

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. M. Capron

2008-04-29

The 100-F-26:12 waste site was an approximately 308-m-long, 1.8-m-diameter east-west-trending reinforced concrete pipe that joined the North Process Sewer Pipelines (100-F-26:1) and the South Process Pipelines (100-F-26:4) with the 1.8-m reactor cooling water effluent pipeline (100-F-19). In accordance with this evaluation, the verification sampling results support a reclassification of this site to Interim Closed Out. The results of verification sampling show that residual contaminant concentrations do not preclude any future uses and allow for unrestricted use of shallow zone soils. The results also demonstrate that residual contaminant concentrations are protective of groundwater and the Columbia River.

Career choices in health care: is nursing a special case? A content analysis of survey data.

PubMed

Miers, Margaret E; Rickaby, Caroline E; Pollard, Katherine C

2007-09-01

As demand for nurses and other health professionals continues to outstrip supply it is important to understand what motivates individuals to join a non-medical health profession. The objectives of this study were to investigate students' reasons for choosing a particular nursing specialism, midwifery or other non-medical health profession, and to compare motivation factors across professions, gender, age, level of award, prior qualifications, prior experience and over time. A prospective follow-up study collected survey responses at the beginning and end of pre-qualifying professional programmes. The study took place in one large United Kingdom faculty. The study participants were 775 first-year students undertaking non-medical health professional programmes and 393 qualifying students. An open-ended question was included in a self-completed questionnaire administered at entry and at qualification. Content analysis identified themes. Altruism was the most frequently cited reason for wishing to join a non-medical health profession, followed by personal interest/abilities, professional values/rewards, and prior experience of the area. Students entering nursing were less likely to cite an altruistic motivation than those entering other non-medical health professions (chi(2)=21.61, df=1, p<0.001). On entry, adult nursing, children's nursing and radiotherapy students were least likely to cite professional values/rewards (chi(2)=20.38, df=8, p=0.009). Students on degree level programmes were more likely to report altruism than those on diploma level courses (chi(2)=17.37, df=1, p<0.001). Differences were also identified between the two data collection points. The number of students identifying altruism (chi(2)=3.97, p=0.046) and professional values/rewards (chi(2)=6.67, p=0.010) decreased over time. Findings suggest that although a service orientation remains a key factor in choosing nursing, students also look for a career which matches their interests and attributes, as well as offering professional values and rewards. Nursing may be in danger of losing service orientated recruits to other non-medical health professions.

A cohort study of mortality among Ontario pipe trades workers

PubMed Central

Finkelstein, M; Verma, D

2004-01-01

Aims: To study mortality in a cohort of members of the United Association of Journeymen and Apprentices of the Plumbing and Pipe Fitting Industry of the United States and Canada and to compare results with two previous proportional mortality studies. Methods: A cohort of 25 285 workers who entered the trade after 1949 was assembled from records of the international head office. Mortality was ascertained by linkage to the Canadian Mortality Registry at Statistics Canada. Standardised mortality ratios were computed using Ontario general population mortality rates as the reference. Results: There were significant increases in lung cancer mortality rates (SMR 1.27; 95% CI 1.13 to 1.42). Increased lung cancer risk was observed among plumbers, pipefitters, and sprinkler fitters. Increased risk was observed among workers joining the Union as late as the 1970s. A random effects meta-analysis of this study and the two PMR studies found significant increases in oesophageal (RR 1.24; 95% CI 1.00 to 1.53), lung (RR 1.31; 95% CI 1.19 to 1.44), and haematological/lymphatic (RR 1.21; 95% CI 1.08 to 1.35) malignancies. Conclusions: The mortality pattern is consistent with the effects of occupational exposure to asbestos. Increased risk due to other respiratory carcinogens such as welding fume cannot be excluded. There are substantial amounts of asbestos in place in industrial and commercial environments. The education and training of workers to protect themselves against inhalation hazards will be necessary well into the future. PMID:15317913

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kiselyov, V.A.; Sokov, L.M.

The LBB regulatory approach adopted in Russia in 1993 as an extra safety barrier is described for advanced WWER 1000 reactor steamline. The application of LBB concept requires the following additional protections. First, the steamline should be a highly qualified piping, performed in accordance with the applicable regulations and guidelines, carefully screened to verify that it is not subjected to any disqualifying failure mechanism. Second, a deterministic fracture mechanics analysis and leak rate evaluation have been performed to demonstrate that postulated through-wall crack that yields 95 1/min at normal operation conditions is stable even under seismic loads. Finally, it hasmore » been verified that the leak detection systems are sufficiently reliable, diverse and sensitive, and that adequate margins exist to detect a through wall crack smaller than the critical size. The obtained results are encouraging and show the possibility of the application of the LBB case to the steamline of advanced WWER 1000 reactor.« less

Efficient non-linear two-photon effects from the Cesium 6D manifold

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haluska, Nathan D.; Perram, Glen P.; Rice, Christopher A.

2018-02-01

We report several non-linear process that occur when two-photon pumping the cesium 6D states. Cesium vapor possess some of the largest two-photon pump cross sections in nature. Pumping these cross sections leads to strong amplified spontaneous emission that we observe on over 17 lasing lines. These new fields are strong enough to couple with the pump to create additional tunable lines. We use a heat pipe with cesium densities of 1014 to 1016 cm-3 and 0 to 5 Torr of helium buffer gas. The cesium 6D States are interrogated by both high energy pulses and low power CW sources. We observe four-wave mixing, six-wave mixing, potential two-photon lasing, other unknown nonlinear processes, and the persistence of some processes at low thresholds. This system is also uniquely qualified to support two-photon lasing under the proper conditions.

The Kidney Research Predicament

PubMed Central

Bryan, Lisa; Ibrahim, Tod; Fischer, Michael J.

2014-01-01

Research funding from public and private sources has reached an all-time low. Economic conditions, sequestration, and a trend of low award success rates have created an imbalance between the supply of highly qualified research investigators and the availability of critically necessary research dollars. This grim environment continues to hinder the success of established investigators and deter potential investigators from joining the research workforce. Without action and support of innovative science, the future of the US health care system is in jeopardy, and its leadership role in medical research will decrease. This work discusses the effects of the decline in research funding, the plight of kidney research, and the impact of the American Society of Nephrology Grants Program on scientists. The ASN also calls on the entire nephrology community to rejuvenate the research environment, improve the lives of millions of people with kidney disease, and ultimately, find a cure. PMID:24652790

The orbital debris detector consortium: Suppliers of instruments for in-situ measurements of small-particles in the space environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simon, C. G.; Muenzenmeyer, R.; Tanner, W. G., Jr.; Uy, O. M.; Skrivanek, R. A.; Tuzzolino, A. J.; Maag, C.; Wortman, J. J.

1995-01-01

Industry and university participants have joined together to form the IMPA:Ct consortium (In-situ Monitors of the Particulate Ambient: Circumterrestrial) which offers a broad range of flight qualified instruments for monitoring the small particle (0.1 micron to 10 cm) environment in space. Instruments are available in 12 months or less at costs ranging from 0.5 to 1.5 million dollars (US) for the total program. Detector technologies represented by these groups are: impact-induced capacitor-discharge (MOS, metal-oxide-silicon), cratering or penetration of electroactive thin film (polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)), impact-plasma detection, acoustic detection, CCD tracking of optical scatter of sunlight, and photodiode detection of optical scatter of laser light. The operational characteristics, general spacecraft interface and resource requirements (mass/power/telemetry), cost and delivery schedules, and points of contact for seven different instruments are presented.

What advice is given to newly qualified doctors on Twitter? An analysis of #TipsForNewDocs tweets.

PubMed

Rashid, Mohammed Ahmed; McKechnie, Doug; Gill, Deborah

2018-07-01

Twitter is a social media platform on which users post very brief messages that can be rapidly communicated across wide geographical areas and audiences. Many doctors use Twitter for personal as well as professional communications and networking. The #TipsForNewDocs hashtag is used on Twitter to give advice to newly qualified doctors as they commence their careers. This study explores the nature and focus of such advice. An analysis of Twitter activity containing the #TipsForNewDocs hashtag was performed using Symplur health care analytics software. Tweets sent during a peak 48-hour period in 2016 (immediately preceding the first day of work for newly qualified UK doctors) were studied. The geographical locations and professional backgrounds of participants were categorised and the content of tweets was subjected to thematic analysis. During 1 and 2 August 2016, 661 unique #TipsForNewDocs tweets were posted. A total of 621 (94.0%) were posted by people in the UK; 522 (79.0%) were posted by doctors, and the remainder by allied health care professionals and patients. The majority of included tweets focused on aspects of professional development, improving personal or professional knowledge, particularly tacit knowledge, and developing 'know-how'. These aspects of professional knowledge have previously been described as fundamental to professional education and training. However, a significant subset of tweets focused on accelerating socialisation into the profession, an essential step in joining a professional community. The tweets relating to socialisation were often humorous and colloquial in nature. Despite their brief and often jocular nature, #TipsForNewDocs tweets provided meaningful advice for newcomers to the profession, often focusing on tacit learning and professional socialisation. Hashtag-driven enquiries can be a valuable and time-efficient way of accessing and sharing tacitly held knowledge. Social media content analysis can provide valuable insights into key educational issues. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd and The Association for the Study of Medical Education.

Performance Evaluation of Nose Cap to Silica Tile Joint of RLV-TD under the Simulated Flight Environment using Plasma Wind Tunnel Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pillai, Aravindakshan; Krishnaraj, K.; Sreenivas, N.; Nair, Praveen

2017-12-01

Indian Space Research Organisation, India has successfully flight tested the reusable launch vehicle through launching of a demonstration flight known as RLV-TD HEX mission. This mission has given a platform for exposing the thermal protection system to the real hypersonic flight thermal conditions and thereby validated the design. In this vehicle, the nose cap region is thermally protected by carbon-carbon followed by silica tiles with a gap in between them for thermal expansion. The gap is filled with silica fibre. Base material on which the C-C is placed is made of molybdenum. Silica tile with strain isolation pad is bonded to aluminium structure. These interfaces with a variety of materials are characterised with different coefficients of thermal expansion joined together. In order to evaluate and qualify this joint, model tests were carried out in Plasma Wind Tunnel facility under the simultaneous simulation of heat flux and shear levels as expected in flight. The thermal and flow parameters around the model are determined and made available for the thermal analysis using in-house CFD code. Two tests were carried out. The measured temperatures at different locations were benign in both these tests and the SiC coating on C-C and the interface were also intact. These tests essentially qualified the joint interface between C-C and molybdenum bracket and C-C to silica tile interface of RLV-TD.

Status of NASA's Stirling Space Power Converter Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dudenhoefer, James E.; Winter, Jerry M.

1991-01-01

An overview is presented of the NASA-Lewis Free-Piston Stirling Space Power Convertor Technology Program. The goal is to develop the technology base needed to meet the long duration, high capacity power requirements for future NASA space initiatives. Efforts are focused upon increasing system power output and system thermal and electric energy conversion efficiency at least fivefold over current SP-100 technology, and on achieving systems that are compatible with space nuclear reactors. Stirling experience in space and progress toward 1050 and 1300 K Stirling Space Power Converters is discussed. Fabrication is nearly completed for the 1050 K Component Test Power Converters (CTPC); results of motoring tests of cold end (525 K), are presented. The success of these and future designs is dependent upon supporting research and technology efforts including heat pipes, bearings, superalloy joining technologies, high efficiency alternators, life and reliability testing and predictive methodologies. An update is provided of progress in some of these technologies leading off with a discussion of free-piston Stirling experience in space.

[Studies on usefullness of imidasol preparations for treatment of pulmonary and air sacks aspergillosis in geese].

PubMed

Ramisz, A; Balicka-Ramisz, A

2001-01-01

The studies were carried out in two geese farms with a total number of 11.143 - 4 weeks old birds. Two imidazol preparations--5 per cent Miconazole powder and 2 Clotrimazole solution were used in these studies. Miconazole was applied as feed additive for 200 with aspergillosis infected geese, in a dosis of 10 mg of active substance on one kg of body weight. Clotrimazole was administered in a form of inhalation in a dose of 1,5 1 of 2 per cent solution per geese house of 3000 m3. Spraying was performed using gas-pipes of steam ganerator joined to the air compressor of the type 3 JW - 60 (6hp). In this way 5 - 10 microm partiches were obtained. The preparation was sprayed twice ad 2 - 4 days intervals. After Miconazole administration the recovery of sick birds and inhibition of the disease in geese were observed. The Clotrimazole preparations may be also administered prophylactically in geese houses, were stationary aspergillosis has been observed.

Construction of high-rise building with underground parking in Moscow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ilyichev, Vyacheslav; Nikiforova, Nadezhda; Konnov, Artem

2018-03-01

Paper presents results of scientific support to construction of unique residential building 108 m high with one storey underground part under high-rise section and 3-storey underground parking connected by underground passage. On-site soils included anthropogenic soil, clayey soils soft-stiff, saturated sands of varied grain coarseness. Design of retaining structure and support system for high-rise part excavation was developed. It suggested installation of steel pipes and struts. Construction of adjacent 3-storey underground parking by "Moscow method" is described in the paper. This method involves implementation of retaining wall consisted of prefabricated panels, truss structures (used as struts) and reinforced concrete slabs. Also design and construction technology is provided for foundations consisted of bored piles 800 MM in diameter joined by slab with base widening diameter of 1500 MM. Experiment results of static and dynamic load testing (ELDY method) are considered. Geotechnical monitoring data of adjacent building and utility systems settlement caused by construction of presented high-rise building were compared to numerical modelling results, predicted and permissible values.

Overview of the Liquid Argon Cryogenics for the Short Baseline Neutrino Program (SBN) at Fermilab

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Norris, Barry; Bremer, Johan; Chalifour, Michel

2017-01-01

The Short-Baseline Neutrino (SBN) physics program will involve three LAr-TPC detectors located along the Booster Neutrino Beam (BNB) at Fermilab. This new SBN Program will deliver a rich and compelling physics opportunity, including the ability to resolve a class of experimental anomalies in neutrino physics and to perform the most sensitive search to date for sterile neutrinos at the eV mass-scale through both appearance and disappearance oscillation channels. The Program will be composed of an existing and operational detector known as Micro Boone (170 ton LAr mass) plus two new experiments known as the SBN Near Detector (SBND, ~ 260more » ton) and the SBN Far Detector (SBN-FD, ~ 600 tons). Fermilab is now building two new facilities to house the experiments and incorporate all cryogenic and process systems to operate these detectors beginning in the 2018-2019 time frame. The SBN cryogenics are a collaborative effort between Fermilab and CERN. The SBN cryogenic systems for both detectors are composed of several sub-systems: External/Infrastructure (or LN2), Proximity (or LAr), and internal cryogenics. For each detector the External/Infrastructure cryogenics includes the equipment used to store and the cryogenic fluids needed for the operation of the Proximity cryogenics, including the LN2 and LAr storage facilities. The Proximity cryogenics consists of all the systems that take the cryogenic fluids from the external/infrastructure cryogenics and deliver them to the internal at the required pressure, temperature, purity and mass flow rate. It includes the condensers, the LAr and GAr purification systems, the LN2 and LAr phase separators, and the interconnecting piping. The Internal cryogenics is comprised of all the cryogenic equipment located within the cryostats themselves, including the GAr and LAr distribution piping and the piping required to cool down the cryostats and the detectors. These cryogenic systems will be engineered, manufactured, commissioned, and qualified by an international engineering team. This contribution presents the performance, the functional requirements and the modes of operation of the SBN cryogenics, and details the current status of the design, present and future needs.« less

Multiple variable motivators involved in the recruitment of physicians for the Indian Health Service.

PubMed

Hostetter, C L; Felsen, J D

1975-01-01

Attracting physicians to serve in isolated areas, often with marginal facilities, support staff, and remuneration, has long been a problem of the Indian Health Service (IHS). Until recently the physician draft was instrumental in motivating physicians to accept such assignments. Realizing that this "negative incentive" would no longer operate when the draft ended as of July 1, 1973, in the fall of 1972 the IHS staff launched some major "positive" efforts to recruit physicians. The mass media and other communication techniques were used to try to sell U.S. physicians and medical students on what the Service could offer them in terms of adventure, challenge, personal fulfillment, idealism, and the opportunity to be part of a progressive, comprehensive health system. Such efforts assisted in recruiting 69 physicians to begin service in July 1973. These 69 were in addition to approximately 100 who had already been recruited from among persons who had expressed interest in joining the Indian Health Service or who had applied to it before inception of this major recruitment effort. As of July 1, 1973, however, the Service was still approximately 30 physicians short of filling 200 vacancies. In June and July of 1973, an evaluation was done to determine what had motivated the 169 physicians to join the Indian Health Service. They were asked an open ended question: What prompted you to seek employment with the Indian Health Service? Whether physicians listed personal, subjective motivators or recruitment techniques was of as much interest as the specific answers they gave. More than 75 percent (100 of 129) mentioned recruitment techniques, such as magazine advertisements, rather than personal motivating factors, such as challenge. Personal contact with a present or former IHS physician seemed to be especially influential in attracting physicians. The present state of the recruitment art does not provide the means to adequately identify, qualify, quantify, and rank the multiple motivators that prompt physicians to join a program such as that of the Indian Health Service; nor does it allow for meaningful, predetermined identification of a limited pool of physicians who would have a high probability of joining such a program. At present, the best recruitment strategy appears to be to saturate the entire physician "marketplace" stressing with a variety of techniques the positive aspects of IHS employment. Physicians then select themselves for such employment by exhibiting a more than casual interest in the Indian Health Service.

Free-piston Stirling technology for space power

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slaby, Jack G.

1989-01-01

An overview is presented of the NASA Lewis Research Center free-piston Stirling engine activities directed toward space power. This work is being carried out under NASA's new Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI). The overall goal of CSTI's High Capacity Power element is to develop the technology base needed to meet the long duration, high capacity power requirements for future NASA space missions. The Stirling cycle offers an attractive power conversion concept for space power needs. Discussed here is the completion of the Space Power Demonstrator Engine (SPDE) testing-culminating in the generation of 25 kW of engine power from a dynamically-balanced opposed-piston Stirling engine at a temperature ratio of 2.0. Engine efficiency was approximately 22 percent. The SPDE recently has been divided into two separate single-cylinder engines, called Space Power Research Engine (SPRE), that now serve as test beds for the evaluation of key technology disciplines. These disciplines include hydrodynamic gas bearings, high-efficiency linear alternators, space qualified heat pipe heat exchangers, oscillating flow code validation, and engine loss understanding.

States With Medically Needy Pathways: Differences in Long-Term and Temporary Medicaid Entry for Low-Income Medicare Beneficiaries.

PubMed

Keohane, Laura M; Trivedi, Amal; Mor, Vincent

2017-10-01

Medically needy pathways may provide temporary catastrophic coverage for low-income Medicare beneficiaries who do not otherwise qualify for full Medicaid benefits. Between January 2009 and June 2010, states with medically needy pathways had a higher percentage of low-income beneficiaries join Medicaid than states without such programs (7.5% vs. 4.1%, p < .01). However, among new full Medicaid participants, living in a state with a medically needy pathway was associated with a 3.8 percentage point (adjusted 95% confidence interval [1.8, 5.8]) increase in the probability of switching to partial Medicaid and a 4.5 percentage point (adjusted 95% confidence interval [2.9, 6.2]) increase in the probability of exiting Medicaid within 12 months. The predicted risk of leaving Medicaid was greatest when new Medicaid participants used only hospital services, rather than nursing home services, in their first month of Medicaid benefits. Alternative strategies for protecting low-income Medicare beneficiaries' access to care could provide more stable coverage.

galaxie--CGI scripts for sequence identification through automated phylogenetic analysis.

PubMed

Nilsson, R Henrik; Larsson, Karl-Henrik; Ursing, Björn M

2004-06-12

The prevalent use of similarity searches like BLAST to identify sequences and species implicitly assumes the reference database to be of extensive sequence sampling. This is often not the case, restraining the correctness of the outcome as a basis for sequence identification. Phylogenetic inference outperforms similarity searches in retrieving correct phylogenies and consequently sequence identities, and a project was initiated to design a freely available script package for sequence identification through automated Web-based phylogenetic analysis. Three CGI scripts were designed to facilitate qualified sequence identification from a Web interface. Query sequences are aligned to pre-made alignments or to alignments made by ClustalW with entries retrieved from a BLAST search. The subsequent phylogenetic analysis is based on the PHYLIP package for inferring neighbor-joining and parsimony trees. The scripts are highly configurable. A service installation and a version for local use are found at http://andromeda.botany.gu.se/galaxiewelcome.html and http://galaxie.cgb.ki.se

Double wall vacuum tubing and method of manufacture

DOEpatents

Stahl, Charles R.; Gibson, Michael A.; Knudsen, Christian W.

1989-01-01

An evacuated double wall tubing is shown together with a method for the manufacture of such tubing which includes providing a first pipe of predetermined larger diameter and a second pipe having an O.D. substantially smaller than the I.D. of the first pipe. An evacuation opening is then in the first pipe. The second pipe is inserted inside the first pipe with an annular space therebetween. The pipes are welded together at one end. A stretching tool is secured to the other end of the second pipe after welding. The second pipe is then prestressed mechanically with the stretching tool an amount sufficient to prevent substantial buckling of the second pipe under normal operating conditions of the double wall pipe. The other ends of the first pipe and the prestressed second pipe are welded together, preferably by explosion welding, without the introduction of mechanical spacers between the pipes. The annulus between the pipes is evacuated through the evacuation opening, and the evacuation opening is finally sealed. The first pipe is preferably of steel and the second pipe is preferably of titanium. The pipes may be of a size and wall thickness sufficient for the double wall pipe to be structurally load bearing or may be of a size and wall thickness insufficient for the double wall pipe to be structurally load bearing, and the double wall pipe positioned with a sliding fit inside a third pipe of a load-bearing size.

Drinking Water Contamination Due To Lead-based Solder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garcia, N.; Bartelt, E.; Cuff, K. E.

2004-12-01

The presence of lead in drinking water creates many health hazards. Exposure to lead-contaminated water can affect the brain, the central nervous system, blood cells, and kidneys, causing such problems as mental retardation, kidney disease, heart disease, stroke, and death. One way in which lead can contaminate our water supply is through the use of lead solder to join pipes. Lead solder was widely used in the past because of its ease of application as well as its low cost. Lead contamination in residential areas has previously been found to be a particularly serious problem in first-draw samples, of water that has sat stagnant in pipes overnight. To investigate the time-dependence of drinking water lead contamination, we analyzed samples taken hourly of water exposed to lead solder. While our preliminary data was insufficient to show more than a rough correlation between time of exposure and lead concentration over short periods (1-3 hours), we were able to confirm that overnight exposure of water to lead-based solder results in the presence high levels of lead. We also investigated other, external factors that previous research has indicated contribute to increased concentrations of lead. Our analysis of samples of lead-exposed water at various pH and temperatures suggests that these factors can be equally significant in terms of their contribution to elevated lead concentration levels. In particular, water that is slightly corrosive appears to severely impact the solubility of lead. As this type of water is common in much of the Northeast United States, the presence of lead-based solder in residential areas there is especially problematic. Although lead-based solder has been banned since the 1980s, it remains a serious concern, and a practical solution still requires further research.

Piping support system for liquid-metal fast-breeder reactor

DOEpatents

Brussalis, Jr., William G.

1984-01-01

A pipe support consisting of a rigid link pivotally attached to a pipe and an anchor, adapted to generate stress or strain in the link and pipe due to pipe thermal movement, which stress or strain can oppose further pipe movement and generally provides pipe support. The pipe support can be used in multiple combinations with other pipe supports to form a support system. This support system is most useful in applications in which the pipe is normally operated at a constant elevated or depressed temperature such that desired stress or strain can be planned in advance of pipe and support installation. The support system is therefore especially useful in steam stations and in refrigeration equipment.

Pipe Drafting with CAD. Teacher Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smithson, Buddy

This teacher's guide contains nine units of instruction for a course on computer-assisted pipe drafting. The course covers the following topics: introduction to pipe drafting with CAD (computer-assisted design); flow diagrams; pipe and pipe components; valves; piping plans and elevations; isometrics; equipment fabrication drawings; piping design…

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service... pipe, “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission...). ASTM A672—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service... pipe, “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission...). ASTM A672—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service... pipe, “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission...). ASTM A672—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure...

Parents' Assessments of Disability in Their Children Using World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth Version Joined Body Functions and Activity Codes Related to Everyday Life.

PubMed

Illum, Niels Ove; Gradel, Kim Oren

2017-01-01

To help parents assess disability in their own children using World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth Version (ICF-CY) code qualifier scoring and to assess the validity and reliability of the data sets obtained. Parents of 162 children with spina bifida, spinal muscular atrophy, muscular disorders, cerebral palsy, visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental disability, or disability following brain tumours performed scoring for 26 body functions qualifiers (b codes) and activities and participation qualifiers (d codes). Scoring was repeated after 6 months. Psychometric and Rasch data analysis was undertaken. The initial and repeated data had Cronbach α of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Inter-code correlation was 0.54 (range: 0.23-0.91) and 0.76 (range: 0.20-0.92). The corrected code-total correlations were 0.72 (range: 0.49-0.83) and 0.75 (range: 0.50-0.87). When repeated, the ICF-CY code qualifier scoring showed a correlation R of 0.90. Rasch analysis of the selected ICF-CY code data demonstrated a mean measure of 0.00 and 0.00, respectively. Code qualifier infit mean square (MNSQ) had a mean of 1.01 and 1.00. The mean corresponding outfit MNSQ was 1.05 and 1.01. The ICF-CY code τ thresholds and category measures were continuous when assessed and reassessed by parents. Participating children had a mean of 56 codes scores (range: 26-130) before and a mean of 55.9 scores (range: 25-125) after repeat. Corresponding measures were -1.10 (range: -5.31 to 5.25) and -1.11 (range: -5.42 to 5.36), respectively. Based on measures obtained at the 2 occasions, the correlation coefficient R was 0.84. The child code map showed coherence of ICF-CY codes at each level. There was continuity in covering the range across disabilities. And, first and foremost, the distribution of codes reflexed a true continuity in disability with codes for motor functions activated first, then codes for cognitive functions, and, finally, codes for more complex functions. Parents can assess their own children in a valid and reliable way, and if the WHO ICF-CY second-level code data set is functioning in a clinically sound way, it can be employed as a tool for identifying the severity of disabilities and for monitoring changes in those disabilities over time. The ICF-CY codes selected in this study might be one cornerstone in forming a national or even international generic set of ICF-CY codes for the benefit of children with disabilities, their parents, and caregivers and for the whole community supporting with children with disabilities on a daily and perpetual basis.

Parents’ Assessments of Disability in Their Children Using World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth Version Joined Body Functions and Activity Codes Related to Everyday Life

PubMed Central

Illum, Niels Ove; Gradel, Kim Oren

2017-01-01

AIM To help parents assess disability in their own children using World Health Organization (WHO) International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health, Child and Youth Version (ICF-CY) code qualifier scoring and to assess the validity and reliability of the data sets obtained. METHOD Parents of 162 children with spina bifida, spinal muscular atrophy, muscular disorders, cerebral palsy, visual impairment, hearing impairment, mental disability, or disability following brain tumours performed scoring for 26 body functions qualifiers (b codes) and activities and participation qualifiers (d codes). Scoring was repeated after 6 months. Psychometric and Rasch data analysis was undertaken. RESULTS The initial and repeated data had Cronbach α of 0.96 and 0.97, respectively. Inter-code correlation was 0.54 (range: 0.23-0.91) and 0.76 (range: 0.20-0.92). The corrected code-total correlations were 0.72 (range: 0.49-0.83) and 0.75 (range: 0.50-0.87). When repeated, the ICF-CY code qualifier scoring showed a correlation R of 0.90. Rasch analysis of the selected ICF-CY code data demonstrated a mean measure of 0.00 and 0.00, respectively. Code qualifier infit mean square (MNSQ) had a mean of 1.01 and 1.00. The mean corresponding outfit MNSQ was 1.05 and 1.01. The ICF-CY code τ thresholds and category measures were continuous when assessed and reassessed by parents. Participating children had a mean of 56 codes scores (range: 26-130) before and a mean of 55.9 scores (range: 25-125) after repeat. Corresponding measures were −1.10 (range: −5.31 to 5.25) and −1.11 (range: −5.42 to 5.36), respectively. Based on measures obtained at the 2 occasions, the correlation coefficient R was 0.84. The child code map showed coherence of ICF-CY codes at each level. There was continuity in covering the range across disabilities. And, first and foremost, the distribution of codes reflexed a true continuity in disability with codes for motor functions activated first, then codes for cognitive functions, and, finally, codes for more complex functions. CONCLUSIONS Parents can assess their own children in a valid and reliable way, and if the WHO ICF-CY second-level code data set is functioning in a clinically sound way, it can be employed as a tool for identifying the severity of disabilities and for monitoring changes in those disabilities over time. The ICF-CY codes selected in this study might be one cornerstone in forming a national or even international generic set of ICF-CY codes for the benefit of children with disabilities, their parents, and caregivers and for the whole community supporting with children with disabilities on a daily and perpetual basis. PMID:28680270

Application of displacement monitoring system on high temperature steam pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghaffar, M. H. A.; Husin, S.; Baek, J. E.

2017-10-01

High-energy piping systems of power plants such as Main Steam (MS) pipe or Hot Reheat (HR) pipe are operating at high temperature and high pressure at base and cyclic loads. In the event of transient condition, a pipe can be deflected dramatically and caused high stress in the pipe, yielding to failure of the piping system. Periodic monitoring and walk down can identify abnormalities but limitations exist in the standard walk down practice. This paper provides a study of pipe displacement monitoring on MS pipe of coal-fired power plant to continuously capture the pipe movement behaviour at different load using 3-Dimensional Displacement Measuring System (3DDMS). The displacement trending at Location 5 and 6 (north and south) demonstrated pipes displace less than 25% to that of design movement. It was determined from synchronisation analysis that Location 7 (north) and Location 8 (south) pipe actual movement difference has exceeded the design movement difference. Visual survey at specified locations with significant displacement trending reveals issues of hydraulic snubber and piping interferences. The study demonstrated that the displacement monitoring is able to capture pipe movement at all time and allows engineer to monitor pipe movement behaviour, aids in identifying issue early for remedy action.

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

Apparatus for moving a pipe inspection probe through piping

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W.T.; Appel, D.K.; Lewis, G.W.

1995-07-18

A method and apparatus are disclosed for controllably moving devices for cleaning or inspection through piping systems, including piping systems with numerous piping bends therein, by using hydrostatic pressure of a working fluid introduced into the piping system. The apparatus comprises a reservoir or other source for supplying the working fluid to the piping system, a launch tube for admitting the device into the launcher and a reversible, positive displacement pump for controlling the direction and flow rate of the working fluid. The device introduced into the piping system moves with the flow of the working fluid through the piping system. The launcher attaches to the valved ends of a piping system so that fluids in the piping system can recirculate in a closed loop. The method comprises attaching the launcher to the piping system, supplying the launcher with working fluid, admitting the device into the launcher, pumping the working fluid in the direction and at the rate desired so that the device moves through the piping system for pipe cleaning or inspection, removing the device from the launcher, and collecting the working fluid contained in the launcher. 8 figs.

Apparatus for moving a pipe inspection probe through piping

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W. Thor; Appel, D. Keith; Lewis, Gregory W.

1995-01-01

A method and apparatus for controllably moving devices for cleaning or inspection through piping systems, including piping systems with numerous piping bends therein, by using hydrostatic pressure of a working fluid introduced into the piping system. The apparatus comprises a reservoir or other source for supplying the working fluid to the piping system, a launch tube for admitting the device into the launcher and a reversible, positive displacement pump for controlling the direction and flow rate of the working fluid. The device introduced into the piping system moves with the flow of the working fluid through the piping system. The launcher attaches to the valved ends of a piping system so that fluids in the piping system can recirculate in a closed loop. The method comprises attaching the launcher to the piping system, supplying the launcher with working fluid, admitting the device into the launcher, pumping the working fluid in the direction and at the rate desired so that the device moves through the piping system for pipe cleaning or inspection, removing the device from the launcher, and collecting the working fluid contained in the launcher.

Torsional Shear Strength Tests for Glass-Ceramic Joined Silicon Carbide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ferraris, Monica; Ventrella, Andrea; Salvo, Milena

2014-03-17

A torsion test on hour-glass-shaped samples with a full joined or a ring-shaped joined area was chosen in this study to measure shear strength of glass-ceramic joined silicon carbide. Shear strength of about 100 MPa was measured for full joined SiC with fracture completely inside their joined area. Attempts to obtain this shear strength with a ring-shaped joined area failed due to mixed mode fractures. However, full joined and ring-shaped steel hour-glasses joined by a glass-ceramic gave the same shear strength, thus suggesting that this test measures shear strength of joined components only when their fracture is completely inside theirmore » joined area.« less

Programmatic status of NASA's CSTI high capacity power Stirling space power converter program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dudenhoefer, James E.

1990-01-01

An overview is presented of the NASA Lewis Research Center Free-Piston Stirling Space Power Converter Technology Development Program. This work is being conducted under NASA's Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI). The goal of the CSTI High Capacity Power element is to develop the technology base needed to meet the long duration, high capacity power requirements for future NASA space initiatives. Efforts are focused upon increasing system thermal and electric energy conversion efficiency at least fivefold over current SP-100 technology, and on achieving systems that are compatible with space nuclear reactors. The status of test activities with the Space Power Research Engine (SPRE) is discussed. Design deficiencies are gradually being corrected and the power converter is now outputting 11.5 kWe at a temperature ratio of 2 (design output is 12.5 kWe). Detail designs were completed for the 1050 K Component Test Power Converter (CTPC). The success of these and future designs is dependent upon supporting research and technology efforts including heat pipes, gas bearings, superalloy joining technologies and high efficiency alternators. An update of progress in these technologies is provided.

Collective operations in a file system based execution model

DOEpatents

Shinde, Pravin; Van Hensbergen, Eric

2013-02-12

A mechanism is provided for group communications using a MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system. A master application creates a multi-pipe synthetic file in the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system, the master application indicating a multi-pipe operation to be performed. The master application then writes a header-control block of the multi-pipe synthetic file specifying at least one of a multi-pipe synthetic file system name, a message type, a message size, a specific destination, or a specification of the multi-pipe operation. Any other application participating in the group communications then opens the same multi-pipe synthetic file. A MULTI-PIPE file system module then implements the multi-pipe operation as identified by the master application. The master application and the other applications then either read or write operation messages to the multi-pipe synthetic file and the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system module performs appropriate actions.

Collective operations in a file system based execution model

DOEpatents

Shinde, Pravin; Van Hensbergen, Eric

2013-02-19

A mechanism is provided for group communications using a MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system. A master application creates a multi-pipe synthetic file in the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system, the master application indicating a multi-pipe operation to be performed. The master application then writes a header-control block of the multi-pipe synthetic file specifying at least one of a multi-pipe synthetic file system name, a message type, a message size, a specific destination, or a specification of the multi-pipe operation. Any other application participating in the group communications then opens the same multi-pipe synthetic file. A MULTI-PIPE file system module then implements the multi-pipe operation as identified by the master application. The master application and the other applications then either read or write operation messages to the multi-pipe synthetic file and the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system module performs appropriate actions.

Round robin test for odour testing of migration waters.

PubMed

Rapp, Thomas; Günther, Herbert

2015-04-15

For a round robin test for EN 1420-1 (Odour assessment for organic materials in contact with drinking water) with 14 contributing laboratories from 10 European countries segments of a plastic pipe were sent to the laboratories which performed a migration test and an odour analysis of the migration waters (water that had contact with the organic material) according to the procedure described in the standard from 1999. In addition reference substances (Methyl tert-butyl ether, 1-butanol and hexanal) were investigated for their suitability to qualify the panels and the individual panellists. Methyl tert-butyl ether (MtBE) and 1-butanol proved to be suitable for this purpose, whereas hexanal showed a wide distribution of the individual odour threshold concentrations. Both possible testing options (unforced and forced choice) were performed and gave similar results. However, with respect to the qualification of the panellists and the data analysis the unforced choice procedure showed advantages. As human olfactory perception is used for the analysis, the reproducibility and the comparability between laboratories is of particular concern. For the pipe material the TON results of the different laboratories were in a range of ±1.5 dilutions based on a dilution factor of 2. This might be improved by taking the individual sensitivities of the panellists into account more strongly. Appropriate measures for the improvement of the test method appear to be the use of the proposed reference substances for the training of the panellists as well as the auditing and the selection of the panellists. The results of this round robin test are used in the revision process of the standard. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Identification of sewer pipes to be cleaned for reduction of CSO pollutant load.

PubMed

Nagaiwa, Akihiro; Settsu, Katsushi; Nakajima, Fumiyuki; Furumai, Hiroaki

2007-01-01

To reduce the CSO (Combined Sewer Overflow) pollutant discharge, one of the effective options is cleaning of sewer pipes before rainfall events. To maximize the efficiency, identification of pipes to be cleaned is necessary. In this study, we discussed the location of pipe deposit in dry weather in a combined sewer system using a distributed model and investigated the effect of pipe cleaning to reduce the pollutant load from the CSO. First we simulated the dry weather flow in a combined sewer system. The pipe deposit distribution in the network was estimated after 3 days of dry weather period. Several specific pipes with structural defect and upper end pipes tend to have an accumulation of deposit. Wet weather simulations were conducted with and without pipe cleaning in rainfall events with different patterns. The SS loads in CSO with and without the pipe cleaning were compared. The difference in the estimated loads was interpreted as the contribution of wash-off in the cleaned pipe. The effect of pipe cleaning on reduction of the CSO pollutant load was quantitatively evaluated (e.g. the cleaning of one specific pipe could reduce 22% of total CSO load). The CSO simulations containing pipe cleaning options revealed that identification of pipes with accumulated deposit using the distributed model is very useful and informative to evaluate the applicability of pipe cleaning option for CSO pollutant reduction.

The Science Training Program for Young Italian Physicists and Engineers at Fermilab

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barzi, Emanuela; Bellettini, Giorgio; Donati, Simone

2015-03-12

Since 1984 Fermilab has been hosting a two-month summer training program for selected undergraduate and graduate Italian students in physics and engineering. Building on the traditional close collaboration between the Italian National Institute of Nuclear Physics (INFN) and Fermilab, the program is supported by INFN, by the DOE and by the Scuola Superiore di Sant`Anna of Pisa (SSSA), and is run by the Cultural Association of Italians at Fermilab (CAIF). This year the University of Pisa has qualified it as a “University of Pisa Summer School”, and will grant successful students with European Supplementary Credits. Physics students join the Fermilabmore » HEP research groups, while engineers join the Particle Physics, Accelerator, Technical, and Computing Divisions. Some students have also been sent to other U.S. laboratories and universities for special trainings. The programs cover topics of great interest for science and for social applications in general, like advanced computing, distributed data analysis, nanoelectronics, particle detectors for earth and space experiments, high precision mechanics, applied superconductivity. In the years, over 350 students have been trained and are now employed in the most diverse fields in Italy, Europe, and the U.S. In addition, the existing Laurea Program in Fermilab Technical Division was extended to the whole laboratory, with presently two students in Master’s thesis programs on neutrino physics and detectors in the Neutrino Division. And finally, a joint venture with the Italian Scientists and Scholars North-America Foundation (ISSNAF) provided this year 4 professional engineers free of charge for Fermilab. More details on all of the above can be found below.« less

NASA Glenn Steady-State Heat Pipe Code Users Manual, DOS Input. Version 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tower, Leonard K.

2000-01-01

The heat pipe code LERCHP has been revised, corrected, and extended. New features include provisions for pipes with curvature and bends in "G" fields. Heat pipe limits are examined in detail and limit envelopes are shown for some sodium and lithium-filled heat pipes. Refluxing heat pipes and gas-loaded or variable conductance heat pipes were not considered.

Thermal Performance of High Temperature Titanium-Water Heat Pipes by Multiple Heat Pipe Manufacturers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanzi, James L.

2007-01-01

Titanium-water heat pipes are being investigated for use in heat rejection systems for lunar and Mars fission surface power systems. Heat pipes provide an efficient and reliable means to transfer heat to a radiator heat rejection system. NASA Glenn Research Center requisitioned nine titanium water heat pipes from three vendors. Each vendor supplied three heat pipes 1.25 cm diameter by 1.1 meter long with each vendor selecting a different wick design. Each of the three heat pipes is slightly different in construction. Additional specifications for the heat pipes included 500 K nominal operating temperature, light weight, and freeze tolerance. The heat pipes were performance tested gravity-aided, in the horizontal position and at elevations against gravity at 450 and 500 K. Performance of the three heat pipes is compared. The heat pipe data will be used to verify models of heat pipe radiators that will be used in future space exploration missions.

Thermal Performance of High Temperature Titanium -- Water Heat Pipes by Multiple Heat Pipe Manufacturers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanzi, James L.

2007-01-01

Titanium - water heat pipes are being investigated for use in heat rejection systems for lunar and Mars fission surface power systems. Heat pipes provide an efficient and reliable means to transfer heat to a radiator heat rejection system. NASA Glenn Research Center requisitioned nine titanium water heat pipes from three vendors. Each vendor supplied three heat pipes 1.25 cm diameter by 1.1 meter long with each vendor selecting a different wick design. Each of the three heat pipes is slightly different in construction. Additional specifications for the heat pipes included 500 K nominal operating temperature, light weight, and freeze tolerance. The heat pipes were performance tested gravity-aided, in the horizontal position and at elevations against gravity at 450 K and 500 K. Performance of the three heat pipes is compared. The heat pipe data will be used to verify models of heat pipe radiators that will be used in future space exploration missions.

Health safety of main water pipe materials supplied in China market.

PubMed

Lu, Kai; Ding, Liang; Wang, Hong-Wei; Jing, Hai-Ning; Zhao, Xiao-Ning; Lin, Shao-Bin; Li, Ya-Dong; Jin, Yin-Long; Liu, Feng-Mao; Jiang, Shu-Ren

2006-04-01

To assess the health safety of copper, steel and plastic water pipes by field water quality investigations. Four consumers were randomly selected for each type of water pipes. Two consumers of every type of the water pipes had used the water pipes for more than 1 year and the other 2 consumers had used the water pipes for less than 3 months. The terminal volume of tap water in copper and steel water pipes should be not less than 0.1 liter, whereas that in plastic water pipes should be not less than 1 liter. The mean values of the experimental results in the second field water quality investigation of the copper and steel water pipes met the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. The items of water sample of the plastic water pipes met the requirements of the Sanitary Standards for Drinking Water Quality. Copper, steel, and plastic pipes can be used as drinking water pipes.

Acoustic system for communication in pipelines

DOEpatents

Martin, II, Louis Peter; Cooper, John F [Oakland, CA

2008-09-09

A system for communication in a pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid. The system includes an encoding and transmitting sub-system connected to the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes that transmits a signal in the frequency range of 3-100 kHz into the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid, and a receiver and processor sub-system connected to the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid that receives said signal and uses said signal for a desired application.

The influences of soil and nearby structures on dispersion characteristics of wave propagating along buried plastic pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shuyong; Jiang, J.; Parr, Nicola

2016-09-01

Water loss in distribution systems is a global problem for the water industry and governments. According to the international water supply association (IWSA), as a result of leaks from distribution pipes, 20% to 30% of water is lost while in transit from treatment plants to consumers. Although governments have tried to push the water industry to reduce the water leaks, a lot of experts have pointed out that a wide use of plastic pipes instead of metal pipes in recent years has caused difficulties in the detection of leaks using current acoustic technology. Leaks from plastic pipes are much quieter than traditional metal pipes and comparing to metal pipes the plastic pipes have very different coupling characteristics with soil, water and surrounding structures, such as other pipes, road surface and building foundations. The dispersion characteristics of wave propagating along buried plastic pipes are investigated in this paper using finite element and boundary element based models. Both empty and water- filled pipes were considered. Influences from nearby pipes and building foundations were carefully studied. The results showed that soil condition and nearby structures have significant influences on the dispersion characteristics of wave propagating along buried plastic pipes.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY TO REMOTELY NAVIGATE VERTICAL PIPE ARRAYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krementz, D.; Immel, D.; Vrettos, N.

Situations exist around the Savannah River Site (SRS) and the Department of Energy (DOE) complex where it is advantageous to remotely navigate vertical pipe arrays. Specific examples are waste tanks in the SRS Tank Farms, which contain horizontal cooling coils at the tank bottom, vertical cooling coils throughout and a limited number of access points or ''risers''. These factors limit accessibility to many parts of these tanks by conventional means. Pipe Traveler technology has been developed to address these issues. The Pipe Traveler addresses these issues by using the vertical cooling coils as its medium of travel. The unit operatesmore » by grabbing a pipe using dual grippers located on either side of the equipment. Once securely attached to the pipe a drive wheel is extended to come in contact with the pipe. Rotation of the drive wheel causes the unit to rotate around the pipe. This action is continued until the second set of grippers is aligned with the next pipe. Extension pistons are actuated to extend the second set of grippers in contact with a second pipe. The second set of grippers is then actuated to grasp the pipe. The first set of grippers releases the original pipe and the process is repeated until the unit reaches its desired location. Once at the tool deployment location the desired tool may be used. The current design has proven the concept of pipe-to-pipe navigation. Testing of the Pipe Traveler has proven its ability to transfer itself from one pipe to another.« less

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... described in § 3280.706(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought-iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing...

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... described in § 3280.706(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought-iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing...

Heat pipe technology: A bibliography with abstracts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The annual supplement on heat pipe technology for 1971 is presented. The document contains 101 references with abstracts and 47 patents. The subjects discussed are: (1) heat pipe applications, (2) heat pipe theory, (3) design, development, and fabrication of heat pipes, (4) testing and operation, (5) subject and author index, and (6) heat pipe related patents.

Heat-Pipe-Cooled Leading Edges for Hypersonic Vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glass, David E.

2006-01-01

Heat pipes can be used to effectively cool wing leading edges of hypersonic vehicles. . Heat-pipe leading edge development. Design validation heat pipe testing confirmed design. Three heat pipes embedded and tested in C/C. Single J-tube heat pipe fabricated and testing initiated. HPCLE work is currently underway at several locations.

Pipe support for use in a nuclear system

DOEpatents

Pollono, Louis P.; Mello, Raymond M.

1977-01-01

A pipe support for high temperature, thin-walled vertical piping runs used in a nuclear system. A cylindrical pipe transition member, having the same inside diameter as the thin-walled piping, replaces a portion of the piping where support is desired. The outside diameter of the pipe transition member varies axially along its vertical dimension. For a section of the axial length adjacent the upper and lower terminations of the pipe transition member, the outside diameter is the same as the outside diameter of the thin-walled piping to which it is affixed. Intermediate of the termination sections, the outside diameter increases from the top of the member to the bottom. Adjacent the lower termination section, the diameter abruptly becomes the same as the piping. Thus, the cylindrical transition member is formed to have a generally triangular shaped cross-section along the axial dimension. Load-bearing insulation is installed next to the periphery of the member and is kept in place by an outer ring clamp. The outer ring clamp is connected to pipe hangers, which provide the desired support for the vertical thin-walled piping runs.

Apparatus and method for detecting leaks in piping

DOEpatents

Trapp, Donald J.

1994-01-01

A method and device for detecting the location of leaks along a wall or piping system, preferably in double-walled piping. The apparatus comprises a sniffer probe, a rigid cord such as a length of tube attached to the probe on one end and extending out of the piping with the other end, a source of pressurized air and a source of helium. The method comprises guiding the sniffer probe into the inner pipe to its distal end, purging the inner pipe with pressurized air, filling the annulus defined between the inner and outer pipe with helium, and then detecting the presence of helium within the inner pipe with the probe as is pulled back through the inner pipe. The length of the tube at the point where a leak is detected determines the location of the leak in the pipe.

Flexible ocean upwelling pipe

DOEpatents

Person, Abraham

1980-01-01

In an ocean thermal energy conversion facility, a cold water riser pipe is releasably supported at its upper end by the hull of the floating facility. The pipe is substantially vertical and has its lower end far below the hull above the ocean floor. The pipe is defined essentially entirely of a material which has a modulus of elasticity substantially less than that of steel, e.g., high density polyethylene, so that the pipe is flexible and compliant to rather than resistant to applied bending moments. The position of the lower end of the pipe relative to the hull is stabilized by a weight suspended below the lower end of the pipe on a flexible line. The pipe, apart from the weight, is positively buoyant. If support of the upper end of the pipe is released, the pipe sinks to the ocean floor, but is not damaged as the length of the line between the pipe and the weight is sufficient to allow the buoyant pipe to come to a stop within the line length after the weight contacts the ocean floor, and thereafter to float submerged above the ocean floor while moored to the ocean floor by the weight. The upper end of the pipe, while supported by the hull, communicates to a sump in the hull in which the water level is maintained below the ambient water level. The sump volume is sufficient to keep the pipe full during heaving of the hull, thereby preventing collapse of the pipe.

Heat pipe life and processing study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antoniuk, D.; Luedke, E. E.

1979-01-01

The merit of adding water to the reflux charge in chemically and solvent cleaned aluminum/slab wick/ammonia heat pipes was evaluated. The effect of gas in the performance of three heat pipe thermal control systems was found significant in simple heat pipes, less significant in a modified simple heat pipe model with a short wickless pipe section. Use of gas data for the worst and best heat pipes of the matrix in a variable conductance heat pipe model showed a 3 C increase in the source temperature at full on condition after 20 and 246 years, respectively.

Pipe support

DOEpatents

Pollono, Louis P.

1979-01-01

A pipe support for high temperature, thin-walled piping runs such as those used in nuclear systems. A section of the pipe to be supported is encircled by a tubular inner member comprised of two walls with an annular space therebetween. Compacted load-bearing thermal insulation is encapsulated within the annular space, and the inner member is clamped to the pipe by a constant clamping force split-ring clamp. The clamp may be connected to pipe hangers which provide desired support for the pipe.

46 CFR 154.500 - Cargo and process piping standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.500 Cargo and process piping standards. The cargo liquid and vapor piping and process piping systems must meet the requirements in §§ 154.503 through 154.562... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo and process piping standards. 154.500 Section 154...

46 CFR 56.04-2 - Piping classification according to service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping classification according to service. 56.04-2... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-2 Piping classification according to... Piping Classification Service Class 1 Pressure (p.s.i.g.) Temp. (°F) Class B and C poisons 2 I any and 0...

46 CFR 56.04-2 - Piping classification according to service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping classification according to service. 56.04-2... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-2 Piping classification according to... Piping Classification Service Class 1 Pressure (p.s.i.g.) Temp. (°F) Class B and C poisons 2 I any and 0...

Manufacture of mold of polymeric composite water pipe reinforced charcoal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zulfikar; Misdawati; Idris, M.; Nasution, F. K.; Harahap, U. N.; Simanjuntak, R. K.; Jufrizal; Pranoto, S.

2018-03-01

In general, household wastewater pipelines currently use thermoplastic pipes of Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC). This material is known to be not high heat resistant, contains hazardous chemicals (toxins), relatively inhospitable, and relatively more expensive. Therefore, researchers make innovations utilizing natural materials in the form of wood charcoal as the basic material of making the water pipe. Making this pipe requires a simple mold design that can be worked in the scale of household and intermediate industries. This research aims to produce water pipe mold with simple design, easy to do, and making time relatively short. Some considerations for molding materials are weight of mold, ease of raw material, strong, sturdy, and able to cast. Pipe molds are grouped into 4 (four) main parts, including: outer diameter pipe molding, pipe inside diameter, pipe holder, and pipe alignment control. Some materials have been tested as raw materials for outer diameter of pipes, such as wood, iron / steel, cement, and thermoset. The best results are obtained on thermoset material, where the process of disassembling is easier and the resulting mold weight is relatively lighter. For the inside diameter of the pipe is used stainless steel, because in addition to be resistant to chemical processes that occur, in this part of the mold must hold the press load due to shrinkage of raw materials of the pipe during the process of hardening (polymerization). Therefore, it needs high pressure resistant material and does not blend with the raw material of the pipe. The base of the mold is made of stainless steel material because it must be resistant to corrosion due to chemical processes. As for the adjustment of the pipe is made of ST 37 carbon steel, because its function is only as a regulator of the alignment of the pipe structure.

Seam-weld quality of modern ERW/HFI line pipe

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Groeneveld, T.P.; Barnes, C.R.

1991-09-01

This study was undertaken to determine whether the seam-weld quality of modern ERW (electric resistance-welded)/HFI (high-frequency induction) welded pipe has been improved and justifies more widespread use of this type of pipe in critical applications. Wider use of ERW/HFI line pipe in gas-transmission lines would be expected to reduce construction costs. Five recently produced, heavy wall pipes fabricated using high-frequency electric-resistance welding (ERW) processes to make the seam weld and one pipe fabricated using the high-frequency induction (HFI) welding process to make the seam weld were studied. Four of the pipes were Grade X-60, one was Grade X-65, and onemore » was Grade X-70. All of the pipes were produced from microalloyed, controlled-rolled steels, and the weld zones were post-weld normalized. Ultrasonic inspection of the seam welds in the six pipe sections evaluated revealed no indications of defects. The tensile properties of all of the weld zones exceeded the minimum specified yield strengths for the respective grades of pipe and all of the pipes exhibited ductile failures either in the weld zone or in the base metal. Five of the six pipes exhibited ductile failures either in the weld zone or in the base metal. Five of the six pipes exhibited relatively low 85% shear area transition temperatures and relatively high upper-shelf energy absorptions as determined with Charpy V-notch specimens. In addition, for two of the three joints of pipe for which the properties were determined at both ends of the pipe, the tensile and impact properties showed little variation from end-to-end. However, for the other joint of pipe, the impact properties varied substantially from one end to the other.« less

Crack stability in a representative piping system under combined inertial and seismic/dynamic displacement-controlled stresses. Subtask 1.3 final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scott, P.; Olson, R.; Wilkowski, O.G.

1997-06-01

This report presents the results from Subtask 1.3 of the International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) program. The objective of Subtask 1.3 is to develop data to assess analysis methodologies for characterizing the fracture behavior of circumferentially cracked pipe in a representative piping system under combined inertial and displacement-controlled stresses. A unique experimental facility was designed and constructed. The piping system evaluated is an expansion loop with over 30 meters of 16-inch diameter Schedule 100 pipe. The experimental facility is equipped with special hardware to ensure system boundary conditions could be appropriately modeled. The test matrix involved one uncracked andmore » five cracked dynamic pipe-system experiments. The uncracked experiment was conducted to evaluate piping system damping and natural frequency characteristics. The cracked-pipe experiments evaluated the fracture behavior, pipe system response, and stability characteristics of five different materials. All cracked-pipe experiments were conducted at PWR conditions. Material characterization efforts provided tensile and fracture toughness properties of the different pipe materials at various strain rates and temperatures. Results from all pipe-system experiments and material characterization efforts are presented. Results of fracture mechanics analyses, dynamic finite element stress analyses, and stability analyses are presented and compared with experimental results.« less

Fabrication and Testing of a Leading-Edge-Shaped Heat Pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glass, David E.; Merrigan, Michael A.; Sena, J. Tom; Reid, Robert S.

1998-01-01

The development of a refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled leading edge has evolved from the design stage to the fabrication and testing of a full size, leading-edge-shaped heat pipe. The heat pipe had a 'D-shaped' cross section and was fabricated from arc cast Mo-4lRe. An artery was included in the wick. Several issues were resolved with the fabrication of the sharp leading edge radius heat pipe. The heat pipe was tested in a vacuum chamber at Los Alamos National Laboratory using induction heating and was started up from the frozen state several times. However, design temperatures and heat fluxes were not obtained due to premature failure of the heat pipe resulting from electrical discharge between the induction heating apparatus and the heat pipe. Though a testing anomaly caused premature failure of the heat pipe, successful startup and operation of the heat pipe was demonstrated.

Apparatus and method for detecting leaks in piping

DOEpatents

Trapp, D.J.

1994-12-27

A method and device are disclosed for detecting the location of leaks along a wall or piping system, preferably in double-walled piping. The apparatus comprises a sniffer probe, a rigid cord such as a length of tube attached to the probe on one end and extending out of the piping with the other end, a source of pressurized air and a source of helium. The method comprises guiding the sniffer probe into the inner pipe to its distal end, purging the inner pipe with pressurized air, filling the annulus defined between the inner and outer pipe with helium, and then detecting the presence of helium within the inner pipe with the probe as is pulled back through the inner pipe. The length of the tube at the point where a leak is detected determines the location of the leak in the pipe. 2 figures.

Field investigation on structural performance of the buried UPVC pipes with and without geogrid reinforcement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teja, Akkineni Surya; Rajkumar, R.; Gokula Krishnan, B.; Aravindh, R.

2018-02-01

Buried pipes are used mainly for water supply and drainage besides many other applications such as oil, liquefied natural gas, coal slurries and mine tailings. The pipes used may be rigid (reinforced concrete, vitrified clay and ductile iron) or flexible (Steel, UPVC, aluminium, Fiber glass and High-density polyethylene) although the distinction between them is blurring. Flexible pipe design is governed by deflection or buckling. UPVC pipes are preferred due to light weight, long term chemical stability and cost efficiency. This project aims to study the load deformation behaviour of the buried pipe and stress variation across the cross section of the pipe under static loading along with the influence of depth of embedment, density of backfill on the deformation and stresses in pipe and the deformation behaviour of buried pipe when soil is reinforced with geogrid reinforcement and evaluate the structural performance of the pipe.

Reusable high-temperature heat pipes and heat pipe panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Camarda, Charles J. (Inventor); Ransone, Philip O. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A reusable, durable heat pipe which is capable of operating at temperatures up to about 3000 F in an oxidizing environment and at temperatures above 3000 F in an inert or vacuum environment is produced by embedding a refractory metal pipe within a carbon-carbon composite structure. A reusable, durable heat pipe panel is made from an array of refractory-metal pipes spaced from each other. The reusable, durable, heat-pipe is employed to fabricate a hypersonic vehicle leading edge and nose cap.

Heat pipes for use in a magnetic field

DOEpatents

Werner, Richard W.; Hoffman, Myron A.

1983-01-01

A heat pipe configuration for use in a magnetic field environment of a fusion reactor. Heat pipes for operation in a magnetic field when liquid metal working fluids are used are optimized by flattening of the heat pipes having an unobstructed annulus which significantly reduces the adverse side region effect of the prior known cylindrically configured heat pipes. The flattened heat pipes operating in a magnetic field can remove 2--3 times the heat as a cylindrical heat pipe of the same cross sectional area.

Modeling of High Capacity Passive Cooling System

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Pulsating Heat Pipes : Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes , which is also known as Meandering Capillary Tube Heat Pipe or Closed Loop Oscillating Heat ... Pipe , has emerged in the recent years as a new electronics cooling technology. The Pulsating Heat Pipe is an innovating technology that has gained...horizontal orientation, the operating temperatures are lower. Pulsating heat pipes are capable of higher heat

Erosion resistant elbow for solids conveyance

DOEpatents

Everett, J.W.

1984-10-23

An elbow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveyancing comprises a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe. 4 figs.

Erosion resistant elbow for solids conveyance

DOEpatents

Everett, James W.

1984-10-23

An elbow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveyancing comprising a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe.

Erosion resistant elbow for solids conveyance

DOEpatents

Not Available

An elvow and process for fabrication for use in particulate material conveying comprising a curved outer pipe, a curved inner pipe having the same radius of curvature as the outer pipe, concentric with and internal to the outer pipe, comprising an outer layer comprised of a first material and an inner layer comprised of a second material wherein said first material is characterized by high erosion resistance when impinged by particulate material and wherein said second material is characterized by high tensile strength and flexibility, and an inner pipe supporting means for providing support to said inner pipe, disposed between said inner pipe and said outer pipe. 4 figures.

Study of fatigue behavior of longitudinal welded pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simion, P.; Dia, V.; Istrate, B.; Hrituleac, G.; Hrituleac, I.; Munteanu, C.

2016-08-01

During transport and storage of the various fluids, welded pipes are subjected to cyclic loading due to pressure fluctuations that often exceed the prescribed values for normal operation. These cyclic loading can significantly reduce the life of the pipes; as a result the design should be based on the fatigue strength not only on static resistance. In general the fatigue strength of pipes is dependent by strength, pipe geometry and surface quality. In case of the electric longitudinal welded pipes, the fatigue strength is significantly limited by concentration of residual stress and the size of existing defects in the weld seam. This paper presents the fatigue behaviour of the electric welded pipes by high frequency, under conditions that simulate real operating conditions pipes. Fatigue testing was performed on welded pipes made of micro alloyed carbon steels. Some of these pipes were previously subjected to a heat treatment of normalization, in order to also determine the influence of heat treatment on the fatigue strength of welded pipes. To determine and correlate the different factors affecting the fatigue strength, welded pipes were also subjected to various tests: tensile tests, impact tests, measurement of micro hardness, microstructural analysis by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

Determination of ac conductor and pipe loss in pipe-type cable systems. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Silver, D.A.; Seman, G.W.

1982-02-01

The results are presented of investigations into the determination of the ac/dc resistance ratios of high and extra high voltage pipe-type cables with conventional and large size segmental conductors in carbon steel, stainless steel and aluminum pipes in three cable per pipe and single cable per pipe configurations. The measurements included 115 through 765 kV cables with copper, enamel coated copper, and aluminum conductors in sizes of 2000 kcmil (1015 mm/sup 2/), 3250 kcmil (1650 mm/sup 2/), and 3500 kcmil (1776 mm/sup 2/). Calculations using presently available techniques were employed to provide correlation between measured and calculated values in bothmore » magnetic and non-magnetic pipes. In addition, a number of new techniques in conductor construction, pipe material and pipe liners and cable wraps were investigated as means of decreasing the ac/dc resistance ratios of pipe-type cables. Finally, the various systems studied were compared on the basis of system MVA rating and by evaluation of installed and overall operating costs as compared to conventional three cable per pipe systems installed in carbon steel pipes.« less

A lightweight, high strength dexterous manipulator for commercial applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marzwell, Neville I.; Schena, Bruce M.; Cohan, Steve M.

1991-01-01

The concept, design, and features are described of a lightweight, high strength, modular robot manipulator being developed for space and commercial applications. The manipulator has seven fully active degrees of freedom and is fully operational in 1 G. Each of the seven joints incorporates a unique drivetrain design which provides zero backlash operation, is insensitive to wear, and is single fault tolerant to motor or servo amplifier failure. Feedback sensors provide position, velocity, torque, and motor winding temperature information at each joint. This sensing system is also designed to be single fault tolerant. The manipulator consists of five modules (not including gripper). These modules join via simple quick-disconnect couplings and self-mating connectors which allow rapid assembly and/or disassembly for reconfiguration, transport, or servicing. The manipulator is a completely enclosed assembly, with no exposed components or wires. Although the initial prototype will not be space qualified, the design is well suited to meeting space requirements. The control system provides dexterous motion by controlling the endpoint location and arm pose simultaneously. Potential applications are discussed.

A change roadmap towards research paradigm in low-resource countries: retinoblastoma model in Egypt.

PubMed

Alfaar, Ahmad Samir; Nour, Radwa; Bakry, Mohamed Sabry; Kamal, Mohamed; Hassanain, Omneya; Labib, Rania M; Rashed, Wafaa M; Elzomor, Hossam; Alieldin, Adel; Taha, Hala; Zaghloul, Mohamed Saad; Ezzat, Sameera; AboElnaga, Sherif

2017-02-01

Research on childhood diseases represents a great global challenge. This challenge is maximized in both childhood cancer disciplines and developing world. In this paper, we aim at describing our institution experience in starting a structured childhood cancer research program in one of the developing countries in a short time based on philanthropic efforts. We used retinoblastoma as an example for what was conducted in this program. Starting in 2008, this program included improving clinical practice and its related supporting services besides developing new research services that both complement the clinical activities and pave the way towards creating a research foundation in the country. Results included developing hospital standard treatment protocols, developing national clinical trials, joining international consortia for childhood cancers clinical trials, developing data collection tools and real-time analytics, establishing a biobanking facility, and developing highly qualified team for conducting clinical, epidemiologic, and translational research studies. Moreover, this effort resulted in improving both clinical practice and patients' awareness nationally. This model can be used for other startup facilities that aim at finding answers for their national health problems in low-resource setting.

Laboratory exercises on oscillation modes of pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haeberli, Willy

2009-03-01

This paper describes an improved lab setup to study the vibrations of air columns in pipes. Features of the setup include transparent pipes which reveal the position of a movable microphone inside the pipe; excitation of pipe modes with a miniature microphone placed to allow access to the microphone stem for open, closed, or conical pipes; and sound insulation to avoid interference between different setups in a student lab. The suggested experiments on the modes of open, closed, and conical pipes, the transient response of a pipe, and the effect of pipe diameter are suitable for introductory physics laboratories, including laboratories for nonscience majors and music students, and for more advanced undergraduate laboratories. For honors students or for advanced laboratory exercises, the quantitative relation between the resonance width and damping time constant is of interest.

[Study on pipe material's influence on chlorine dioxide drinking water disinfection].

PubMed

He, Tao; Yue, Yinling; Ling, Bo; Zhang, Lan

2010-09-01

To study the pipe material's influence on chlorine dioxide drinking water disinfection. 0.8 mg/L chlorine dioxide solution was injected into 5 kinds of pipes respectively, PPR, PVC-U, Steel with Zinc coating, copper and PE pipes. Dipped free from light for 48 hours and the concentrations of chlorine dioxide, chlorite and chlorate were tested from samples taken from each kind of pipe at 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours respectively. Chlorine dioxides decay rates in the water dipping the pipes increase as the dipping time increases and the decay of chlorine dioxide mainly occurs within 6 hours after the dipping. But for different pipe, the influence of decay differs. The consumption of chlorine dioxide of the metal pipes is more than that of the plastic pipes. And with 2 hours after the dipping experiment begins, the concentrations of the chlorite of the copper pipe and of the steel with zinc coating pipe increase quickly and reach the maximum concentration. But then the chlorite concentration decreases greatly. After dipped 24 hours, the chlorite in the water in the pipe can not be detected. For other plastic piples, all the chlorite concentrations in the dipping water increase as the dipping time increase. Compared with the start of the dipping experiment, the chlorate concentration in the dipping water of each pipe has no obvious change. The material of the water transportation pipe does have influence on chlorine dioxide drinking water disinfection.

Ultrasonic pipe assessment

DOEpatents

Thomas, Graham H.; Morrow, Valerie L.; Levie, Harold; Kane, Ronald J.; Brown, Albert E.

2003-12-23

An ultrasonic pipe or other structure assessment system includes an ultrasonic transducer positioned proximate the pipe or other structure. A fluid connection between the ultrasonic transducer and the pipe or other structure is produced. The ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the pipe or other structure.

Occurrence of nonylphenol and bisphenol A in household water pipes made of different materials.

PubMed

Cheng, Yang-Chen; Chen, Huei-Wen; Chen, Wen-Ling; Chen, Chia-Yang; Wang, Gen-Shuh

2015-10-01

We assessed the occurrence of nonylphenol (NP) and bisphenol A (BPA) in tap water supplied through polyvinyl chloride (PVC), stainless steel, and galvanized pipes. Water samples were collected from selected households in Taipei and Kaohsiung (Northern and Southern Taiwan, respectively) in different seasons to elucidate the effects of pipeline materials and ambient temperatures on NP and BPA concentrations in tap water. We detected higher concentrations of NP in tap water from households using PVC pipes (64-195 ng/L) than from those using stainless steel pipes (17-44 ng/L) and galvanized pipes (27-96 ng/L). To verify that water can absorb NP and BPA from PVC pipes, we sealed Milli-Q and tap water in PVC and stainless steel pipes to assess the potential release of NP and BPA from the pipes into the water. Both NP and BPA concentrations initially increased with contact time in the PVC pipes, and the concentration profiles during the retention appeared to be more strongly affected by ambient temperatures. Concentration variations in the stainless steel pipes were smaller than those in the PVC pipes.

Investigation on size tolerance of pore defect of girth weld pipe.

PubMed

Li, Yan; Shuai, Jian; Xu, Kui

2018-01-01

Welding quality control is an important parameter for safe operation of oil and gas pipes, especially for high-strength steel pipes. Size control of welding defect is a bottleneck problem for current pipe construction. As a key part of construction procedure for butt-welding of pipes, pore defects in girth weld is difficult to ignore. A three-dimensional non-linear finite element numerical model is established to study applicability of size control indices based on groove shape and softening phenomenon of material in heat-affected zone of practical pipe girth weld. Taking design criteria of pipe as the basis, basic tensile, extremely tensile and extremely compressive loading conditions are determined for pipe stress analysis, and failure criteria based on flow stress is employed to perform stress analysis for pipe girth weld with pore defect. Results show that pipe girth welding stresses of pores at various radial locations are similar. Whereas, stress for pores of different sharpness varied significantly. Besides, tolerance capability of API 5L X90 grade pipe to pore defect of girth weld is lower than that of API 5L X80 grade pipe, and size control index of 3 mm related to pore defect in current standards is applicable to API 5L X80 and X90 grade girth welded pipes with radially non-sharp pore defects.

Volatile organic components migrating from plastic pipes (HDPE, PEX and PVC) into drinking water.

PubMed

Skjevrak, Ingun; Due, Anne; Gjerstad, Karl Olav; Herikstad, Hallgeir

2003-04-01

High-density polyethylene pipes (HDPE), crossbonded polyethylene pipes (PEX) and polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes for drinking water were tested with respect to migration of volatile organic components (VOC) to water. The odour of water in contact with plastic pipes was assessed according to the quantitative threshold odour number (TON) concept. A major migrating component from HDPE pipes was 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol (2,4-DTBP) which is a known degradation product from antioxidants such as Irgafos 168(R). In addition, a range of esters, aldehydes, ketones, aromatic hydrocarbons and terpenoids were identified as migration products from HDPE pipes. Water in contact with HDPE pipes was assessed with respect to TON, and values > or =4 were determined for five out of seven brands of HDPE pipes. The total amount of VOC released to water during three successive test periods were fairly constant for the HDPE pipes. Corresponding migration tests carried out for PEX pipes showed that VOC migrated in significant amounts into the test water, and TON >/=5 of the test water were observed in all tests. Several of the migrated VOC were not identified. Oxygenates predominated the identified VOC in the test water from PEX pipes. Migration tests of PVC pipes revealed few volatile migrants in the test samples and no significant odour of the test water.

Investigation on size tolerance of pore defect of girth weld pipe

PubMed Central

Shuai, Jian; Xu, Kui

2018-01-01

Welding quality control is an important parameter for safe operation of oil and gas pipes, especially for high-strength steel pipes. Size control of welding defect is a bottleneck problem for current pipe construction. As a key part of construction procedure for butt-welding of pipes, pore defects in girth weld is difficult to ignore. A three-dimensional non-linear finite element numerical model is established to study applicability of size control indices based on groove shape and softening phenomenon of material in heat-affected zone of practical pipe girth weld. Taking design criteria of pipe as the basis, basic tensile, extremely tensile and extremely compressive loading conditions are determined for pipe stress analysis, and failure criteria based on flow stress is employed to perform stress analysis for pipe girth weld with pore defect. Results show that pipe girth welding stresses of pores at various radial locations are similar. Whereas, stress for pores of different sharpness varied significantly. Besides, tolerance capability of API 5L X90 grade pipe to pore defect of girth weld is lower than that of API 5L X80 grade pipe, and size control index of 3 mm related to pore defect in current standards is applicable to API 5L X80 and X90 grade girth welded pipes with radially non-sharp pore defects. PMID:29364986

Reusable pipe flange covers

DOEpatents

Holden, James Elliott; Perez, Julieta

2001-01-01

A molded, flexible pipe flange cover for temporarily covering a pipe flange and a pipe opening includes a substantially round center portion having a peripheral skirt portion depending from the center portion, the center portion adapted to engage a front side of the pipe flange and to seal the pipe opening. The peripheral skirt portion is formed to include a plurality of circumferentially spaced tabs, wherein free ends of the flexible tabs are formed with respective through passages adapted to receive a drawstring for pulling the tabs together on a back side of the pipe flange.

Heat pipes for use in a magnetic field

DOEpatents

Werner, R.W.; Hoffman, M.A.

1983-07-19

A heat pipe configuration for use in a magnetic field environment of a fusion reactor is disclosed. Heat pipes for operation in a magnetic field when liquid metal working fluids are used are optimized by flattening of the heat pipes having an unobstructed annulus which significantly reduces the adverse side region effect of the prior known cylindrically configured heat pipes. The flattened heat pipes operating in a magnetic field can remove 2--3 times the heat as a cylindrical heat pipe of the same cross sectional area. 4 figs.

Turbine-Driven Pipe-Cleaning Brush

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Werlink, Rudy J.; Rowell, David E.

1994-01-01

Simple pipe-cleaning device includes small turbine wheel axially connected, by standoff, to circular brush. Turbine wheel turns on hub bearing attached to end of upstream cable. Turbine-and-brush assembly inserted in pipe with cable trailing upstream and brush facing downstream. Water or cleaning solution pumped through pipe. Cable held at upstream end, so it holds turbine and brush in pipe at location to be cleaned. Flow in pipe turns turbine, which turns wheel, producing desired cleaning action. In addition to brushing action, device provides even mixing of cleaning solution in pipe.

Heat pipe technology: A bibliography with abstracts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

A cumulative bibliography on heat pipe research and development projects is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) general information, (2) heat pipe applications, (3) heat pipe theory, (4) design and fabrication, (5) testing and operation, (6) subject and author index, and (7) heat pipe related patents.

Flexible ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus

DOEpatents

Jenkins, C.F.; Howard, B.D.

1994-01-01

Pipe crawlers, pipe inspection {open_quotes}rabbits{close_quotes} and similar vehicles are widely used for inspecting the interior surfaces of piping systems, storage tanks and process vessels for damaged or flawed structural features. This paper describes the design of a flexible, modular ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus.

Fabrication and Testing of Mo-Re Heat Pipes Embedded in Carbon/Carbon

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glass, David E.; Merrigan, Michael A.; Sena, J. Tom

1998-01-01

Refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled wing an tail leading edges are being considered for use on hypersonic vehicles to limit maximum temperatures to values below material reuse limits and to eliminate the need to actively cool the leading edges. The development of a refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled leading edge has evolved from the design stage to the fabrication and testing of heat pipes embedded in carbon/carbon (C/C). A three-foot-long, molybdenum-rhenium heat pipe with a lithium working fluid was fabricated and tested at an operating temperature of 2460 F to verify the individual heat-pipe design. Following the fabrication of this heat pipe, three additional heat pipes were fabricated and embedded in C/C. The C/C heat-pipe test article was successfully tested using quartz lamps in a vacuum chamber in both a horizontal and vertical orientation. Start up and steady state data are presented for the C/C heat-pipe test article. Radiography and eddy current evaluations were performed on the test article.

Light as a key driver of freshwater biofouling surface roughness in an experimental hydrocanal pipe rig.

PubMed

Ravizza, Matilde; Giosio, Dean; Henderson, Alan; Hovenden, Mark; Hudson, Monica; Salleh, Sazlina; Sargison, Jane; Shaw, Jennifer L; Walker, Jessica; Hallegraeff, Gustaaf

2016-07-01

Biofouling in canals and pipelines used for hydroelectric power generation decreases the flow capacity of conduits. A pipeline rig was designed consisting of test sections of varying substrata (PVC, painted steel) and light levels (transparent, frosted, opaque). Stalk-forming diatoms were abundant in both the frosted and transparent PVC pipes but negligible in the painted steel and opaque PVC pipes. Fungi were slightly more abundant in the painted steel pipe but equally present in all the other pipes while bacterial diversity was similar in all pipes. Photosynthetically functional biofouling (mainly diatoms) was able to develop in near darkness. Different biological fouling compositions generated differing friction factors. The highest friction factor was observed in the transparent pipe (densest diatom fouling), the lowest peak friction for the opaque PVC pipe (lowest fouling biomass), and with the painted steel pipe (high fouling biomass, but composed of fungal and bacterial crusts) being intermediate between the opaque and frosted PVC pipes.

Factors influencing lead and iron release from some Egyptian drinking water pipes.

PubMed

Lasheen, M R; Sharaby, C M; El-Kholy, N G; Elsherif, I Y; El-Wakeel, S T

2008-12-30

The major objective of this study is to assess the effect of stagnation time, pipe age, pipes material and water quality parameters such as pH, alkalinity and chloride to sulfate mass ratio on lead and iron release from different types of water pipes used in Egypt namely polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polypropylene (PP) and galvanized iron (GI), by using fill and dump method. Low pH increased lead and iron release from pipes. Lead and iron release decreased as pH and alkalinity increased. Lead and iron release increased with increasing chloride to sulfate mass ratio in all pipes. EDTA was used as an example of natural organic matter which may be influence metals release. It is found that lead and iron release increased then this release decreased with time. In general, GI pipes showed to be the most effected by water quality parameters tested and the highest iron release. PVC pipes are the most lead releasing pipes while PP pipes are the least releasing.

77 FR 64468 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-22

...-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination AGENCY: Import... exporters of circular welded carbon-quality steel pipe (``circular welded pipe'') from India. For... determination.\\1\\ \\1\\ See Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Preliminary Affirmative...

Acoustic Signal Processing for Pipe Condition Assessment (WaterRF Report 4360)

EPA Science Inventory

Unique to prestressed concrete cylinder pipe (PCCP), individual wire breaks create an excitation in the pipe wall that may vary in response to the remaining compression of the pipe core. This project was designed to improve acoustic signal processing for pipe condition assessment...

Utilizing Snap-Tite slip line pipe as a direct burial cross pipe, construction and first interim report, October, 2007.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-10-01

The Maine Department of Transportation uses reinforced concrete, polymer coated corrugated metal, : corrugated aluminum or corrugated polyethylene for highway cross pipes. Design life for cross pipe is 50 : plus years. Repair of failed cross pipes in...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa... Standards Institute (ANSI) B 31.1 “American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping,” or...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa... Standards Institute (ANSI) B 31.1 “American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping,” or...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... specification listed in section I of this appendix: (1) Physical (mechanical) properties of pipe, including...). II. Steel pipe of unknown or unlisted specification. A. Bending Properties. For pipe 2 inches (51... impair the strength or tightness of the pipe. D. Tensile Properties. If the tensile properties of the...

49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... specification listed in section I of this appendix: (1) Physical (mechanical) properties of pipe, including...). II. Steel pipe of unknown or unlisted specification. A. Bending Properties. For pipe 2 inches (51... impair the strength or tightness of the pipe. D. Tensile Properties. If the tensile properties of the...

46 CFR 108.475 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Extinguishing Systems Foam Extinguishing Systems § 108.475 Piping. (a) Each pipe, valve, and fitting in a foam... pipe, valve, and fitting must have support and protection from damage. (d) Each foam extinguishing... to remove liquid from the system. (e) Piping in a foam extinguishing system must be used only for...

46 CFR 108.475 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Extinguishing Systems Foam Extinguishing Systems § 108.475 Piping. (a) Each pipe, valve, and fitting in a foam... pipe, valve, and fitting must have support and protection from damage. (d) Each foam extinguishing... to remove liquid from the system. (e) Piping in a foam extinguishing system must be used only for...

46 CFR 116.970 - Protection against hot piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Protection against hot piping. 116.970 Section 116.970 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 116.970 Protection against hot piping. Piping, including valves, pipe fittings...

46 CFR 116.970 - Protection against hot piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Protection against hot piping. 116.970 Section 116.970 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 116.970 Protection against hot piping. Piping, including valves, pipe fittings...

46 CFR 116.970 - Protection against hot piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Protection against hot piping. 116.970 Section 116.970 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 116.970 Protection against hot piping. Piping, including valves, pipe fittings...

46 CFR 116.970 - Protection against hot piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Protection against hot piping. 116.970 Section 116.970 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 116.970 Protection against hot piping. Piping, including valves, pipe fittings...

46 CFR 116.970 - Protection against hot piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Protection against hot piping. 116.970 Section 116.970 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE... ARRANGEMENT Rails and Guards § 116.970 Protection against hot piping. Piping, including valves, pipe fittings...

Heat pipe technology: A biblography with abstracts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A bibliography of heat pipe research and development projects conducted during April through June 1972, is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) general information, (2) heat pipe applications, (3) heat pipe theory, (4) design and fabrication, (5) test and operation, (6) subject and author index, and (7) heat pipe related patents.

46 CFR 56.50-103 - Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. 56.50-103... oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. (a) This section applies to fixed piping installed for the distribution of oxygen and acetylene carried in cylinders as vessels stores. (b) The distribution piping shall...

46 CFR 56.50-103 - Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. 56.50-103... oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. (a) This section applies to fixed piping installed for the distribution of oxygen and acetylene carried in cylinders as vessels stores. (b) The distribution piping shall...

46 CFR 56.50-103 - Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. 56.50-103... oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. (a) This section applies to fixed piping installed for the distribution of oxygen and acetylene carried in cylinders as vessels stores. (b) The distribution piping shall...

46 CFR 56.50-103 - Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. 56.50-103... oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. (a) This section applies to fixed piping installed for the distribution of oxygen and acetylene carried in cylinders as vessels stores. (b) The distribution piping shall...

46 CFR 56.50-103 - Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fixed oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. 56.50-103... oxygen-acetylene distribution piping. (a) This section applies to fixed piping installed for the distribution of oxygen and acetylene carried in cylinders as vessels stores. (b) The distribution piping shall...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

49 CFR 192.59 - Plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Plastic pipe. 192.59 Section 192.59 Transportation... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Materials § 192.59 Plastic pipe. (a) New plastic pipe... specification; and (2) It is resistant to chemicals with which contact may be anticipated. (b) Used plastic pipe...

UOE Pipe Manufacturing Process Simulation: Equipment Designing and Construction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delistoian, Dmitri; Chirchor, Mihael

2017-12-01

UOE pipe manufacturing process influence directly on pipeline resilience and operation capacity. At present most spreaded pipe manufacturing method is UOE. This method is based on cold forming. After each technological step appears a certain stress and strain level. For pipe stress strain study is designed and constructed special equipment that simulate entire technological process.UOE pipe equipment is dedicated for manufacturing of longitudinally submerged arc welded DN 400 (16 inch) steel pipe.

Intermediate Temperature Water Heat Pipe Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devarakonda, Angirasa; Xiong, Da-Xi; Beach, Duane E.

2005-01-01

Heat pipes are among the most promising technologies for space radiator systems. Water heat pipes are explored in the intermediate temperature range of 400 to above 500 K. The thermodynamic and thermo-physical properties of water are reviewed in this temperature range. Test data are reported for a copper-water heat pipe. The heat pipe was tested under different orientations. Water heat pipes show promise in this temperature range. Fabrication and testing issues are being addressed.

Magnetic refrigeration apparatus with heat pipes

DOEpatents

Barclay, John A.; Prenger, Jr., F. Coyne

1987-01-01

A magnetic refrigerator operating in the 4 to 20 K range utilizes heat pipes to transfer heat to and from the magnetic material at the appropriate points during the material's movement. In one embodiment circular disks of magnetic material can be interleaved with the ends of the heat pipes. In another embodiment a mass of magnetic material reciprocatingly moves between the end of the heat pipe of pipes that transmits heat from the object of cooling to the magnetic material and the end of the heat pipe or pipes that transmits heat from the magnetic material to a heat sink.

Magnetic refrigeration apparatus with heat pipes

DOEpatents

Barclay, J.A.; Prenger, F.C. Jr.

1985-10-25

A magnetic refrigerator operating in the 4 to 20 K range utilizes heat pipes to transfer heat to and from the magnetic material at the appropriate points during the material's movement. In one embodiment circular disks of magnetic material can be interleaved with the ends of the heat pipes. In another embodiment a mass of magnetic material reciprocatingly moves between the end of the heat pipe or pipes that transmits heat from the object of cooling to the magnetic material and the end of the heat pipe or pipes that transmits heat from the magnetic material to a heat sink.

Closed Form Equations for the Preliminary Design of a Heat-Pipe-Cooled Leading Edge

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Glass, David E.

1998-01-01

A set of closed form equations for the preliminary evaluation and design of a heat-pipe-cooled leading edge is presented. The set of equations can provide a leading-edge designer with a quick evaluation of the feasibility of using heat-pipe cooling. The heat pipes can be embedded in a metallic or composite structure. The maximum heat flux, total integrated heat load, and thermal properties of the structure and heat-pipe container are required input. The heat-pipe operating temperature, maximum surface temperature, heat-pipe length, and heat pipe-spacing can be estimated. Results using the design equations compared well with those from a 3-D finite element analysis for both a large and small radius leading edge.

A coupled approach for the three-dimensional simulation of pipe leakage in variably saturated soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peche, Aaron; Graf, Thomas; Fuchs, Lothar; Neuweiler, Insa

2017-12-01

In urban water pipe networks, pipe leakage may lead to subsurface contamination or to reduced waste water treatment efficiency. The quantification of pipe leakage is challenging due to inaccessibility and unknown hydraulic properties of the soil. A novel physically-based model for three-dimensional numerical simulation of pipe leakage in variably saturated soil is presented. We describe the newly implemented coupling between the pipe flow simulator HYSTEM-EXTRAN and the groundwater flow simulator OpenGeoSys and its validation. We further describe a novel upscaling of leakage using transfer functions derived from numerical simulations. This upscaling enables the simulation of numerous pipe defects with the benefit of reduced computation times. Finally, we investigate the response of leakage to different time-dependent pipe flow events and conclude that larger pipe flow volume and duration lead to larger leakage while the peak position in time has a small effect on leakage.

Visualization of various working fluids flow regimes in gravity heat pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nemec, Patrik

Heat pipe is device working with phase changes of working fluid inside hermetically closed pipe at specific pressure. The phase changes of working fluid from fluid to vapour and vice versa help heat pipe to transport high heat flux. Amount of heat flux transferred by heat pipe, of course depends on kind of working fluid. The article deal about visualization of various working fluids flow regimes in glass gravity heat pipe by high speed camera and processes casing inside during heat pipe operation. Experiment working fluid flow visualization is performed with two glass heat pipes with different inner diameter (13 mm and 22 mm) filled with water, ethanol and fluorinert FC 72. The working fluid flow visualization explains the phenomena as a working fluid boiling, nucleation of bubbles, and vapour condensation on the wall, vapour and condensate flow interaction, flow down condensate film thickness on the wall occurred during the heat pipe operation.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu, Y.J.; Sohn, G.H.; Kim, Y.J.

Typical LBB (Leak-Before-Break) analysis is performed for the highest stress location for each different type of material in the high energy pipe line. In most cases, the highest stress occurs at the nozzle and pipe interface location at the terminal end. The standard finite element analysis approach to calculate J-Integral values at the crack tip utilizes symmetry conditions when modeling near the nozzle as well as away from the nozzle region to minimize the model size and simplify the calculation of J-integral values at the crack tip. A factor of two is typically applied to the J-integral value to accountmore » for symmetric conditions. This simplified analysis can lead to conservative results especially for small diameter pipes where the asymmetry of the nozzle-pipe interface is ignored. The stiffness of the residual piping system and non-symmetries of geometry along with different material for the nozzle, safe end and pipe are usually omitted in current LBB methodology. In this paper, the effects of non-symmetries due to geometry and material at the pipe-nozzle interface are presented. Various LBB analyses are performed for a small diameter piping system to evaluate the effect a nozzle has on the J-integral calculation, crack opening area and crack stability. In addition, material differences between the nozzle and pipe are evaluated. Comparison is made between a pipe model and a nozzle-pipe interface model, and a LBB PED (Piping Evaluation Diagram) curve is developed to summarize the results for use by piping designers.« less

Detection of underground water distribution piping system and leakages using ground penetrating radar (GPR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amran, Tengku Sarah Tengku; Ismail, Mohamad Pauzi; Ahmad, Mohamad Ridzuan; Amin, Mohamad Syafiq Mohd; Sani, Suhairy; Masenwat, Noor Azreen; Ismail, Mohd Azmi; Hamid, Shu-Hazri Abdul

2017-01-01

A water pipe is any pipe or tubes designed to transport and deliver water or treated drinking with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure to consumers. The varieties include large diameter main pipes, which supply entire towns, smaller branch lines that supply a street or group of buildings or small diameter pipes located within individual buildings. This distribution system (underground) is used to describe collectively the facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of usage. Therefore, a leaking in the underground water distribution piping system increases the likelihood of safe water leaving the source or treatment facility becoming contaminated before reaching the consumer. Most importantly, leaking can result in wastage of water which is precious natural resources. Furthermore, they create substantial damage to the transportation system and structure within urban and suburban environments. This paper presents a study on the possibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) with frequency of 1GHz to detect pipes and leakages in underground water distribution piping system. Series of laboratory experiment was designed to investigate the capability and efficiency of GPR in detecting underground pipes (metal and PVC) and water leakages. The data was divided into two parts: 1. detecting/locating underground water pipe, 2. detecting leakage of underground water pipe. Despite its simplicity, the attained data is proved to generate a satisfactory result indicating GPR is capable and efficient, in which it is able to detect the underground pipe and presence of leak of the underground pipe.

The locating ways of laying pipe manipulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Dan; Li, Bin; Lei, DongLiang

2010-01-01

The laying pipe manipulator is a new equipment to lay concrete pipe. This kind of manipulator makes the work of laying pipes mechanized and automated. We report here a new laying pipe manipulator. The manipulator has 5 free degrees, and is driven by the hydraulic system. In the paper, one critical question of manipulator is studied: the locating ways of the manipulator to lay concrete pipe. During the process of laying concrete pipe, how to locate the manipulator is realized by the locating system of manipulator. The locating system consists of photoelectric target, laser producer, and computer. According to different construction condition, one or two or three photoelectric targets can be used. During the process of laying concrete pipe, if the interface of pipes are jointed together, and the other segment of pipe deviates from the pipe way, one target can be used, if the angle that the manipulator rotates around the holding pipe's axes is 0°, two targets can be used, three targets can be used at any site. In the paper, according to each locating way, the theory analysis is done. And the mathematical models of the manipulator moving from original position to goal position are obtained by different locating way. And the locating experiment was done. According to the experiment result, the work principle and mathematical models of different locating way was turned out to be well adopted for requirement, the mathematical model of different locating way supplies the basic control theory for the manipulator to lay and joint concrete pipe automatically.

26 CFR 1.144-1 - Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds. 1.144-1 Section 1.144-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Tax Exemption Requirements for State and Local Bonds § 1.144-1 Qualified small issue bonds, qualified...

26 CFR 1.144-1 - Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds. 1.144-1 Section 1.144-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Tax Exemption Requirements for State and Local Bonds § 1.144-1 Qualified small issue bonds, qualified...

26 CFR 1.144-1 - Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds. 1.144-1 Section 1.144-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Tax Exemption Requirements for State and Local Bonds § 1.144-1 Qualified small issue bonds, qualified...

26 CFR 1.144-1 - Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds. 1.144-1 Section 1.144-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Tax Exemption Requirements for State and Local Bonds § 1.144-1 Qualified small issue bonds, qualified...

26 CFR 1.144-1 - Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Qualified small issue bonds, qualified student loan bonds, and qualified redevelopment bonds. 1.144-1 Section 1.144-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL...) Tax Exemption Requirements for State and Local Bonds § 1.144-1 Qualified small issue bonds, qualified...

Pipe inspection using the pipe crawler. Innovative technology summary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1999-05-01

The US Department of Energy (DOE) continually seeks safer and more cost-effective remediation technologies for use in the decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) of nuclear facilities. In several of the buildings at the Fernald Site, there is piping that was used to transport process materials. As the demolition of these buildings occur, disposal of this piping has become a costly issue. Currently, all process piping is cut into ten-foot or less sections, the ends of the piping are wrapped and taped to prevent the release of any potential contaminants into the air, and the piping is placed in rollmore » off boxes for eventual repackaging and shipment to the Nevada Test Site (NTS) for disposal. Alternatives that allow for the onsite disposal of process piping are greatly desired due to the potential for dramatic savings in current offsite disposal costs. No means is currently employed to allow for the adequate inspection of the interior of piping, and consequently, process piping has been assumed to be internally contaminated and thus routinely disposed of at NTS. The BTX-II system incorporates a high-resolution micro color camera with lightheads, cabling, a monitor, and a video recorder. The complete probe is capable of inspecting pipes with an internal diameter (ID) as small as 1.4 inches. By using readily interchangeable lightheads, the same system is capable of inspecting piping up to 24 inches in ID. The original development of the BTX system was for inspection of boiler tubes and small diameter pipes for build-up, pitting, and corrosion. However, the system is well suited for inspecting the interior of most types of piping and other small, confined areas. The report describes the technology, its performance, uses, cost, regulatory and policy issues, and lessons learned.« less

Assimilable organic carbon release, chemical migration, and drinking water impacts of multiple brands of plastic pipes available in the USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Connell, Matthew

Increased installation of polymer potable water pipes in United States plumbing systems has created a need to thoroughly evaluate their water quality impacts. Eleven brands of new polymer drinking water pipe were evaluated for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) release at room temperature for 28 days. They included polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes. Three of eight PEX pipe brands exceeded a 100 microg/L AOC threshold for microbial regrowth for the first exposure period and no brands exceeded this value on day 28. No detectable increase in AOC was found for PP and PEX-a1 pipes; the remaining pipe brands contributed marginal AOC levels. Water quality impacts were more fully evaluated for two brands of PEX-b and one brand of PP pipe. PEX pipes released more total organic carbon (TOC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) and caused greater odor than the PP pipe. All three materials showed reductions in these water quality parameters over 30 days. Three PEX pipe field studies revealed that aged systems did not display more intense odors than distribution systems. However, the organic releases from polymer pipes may still alter water quality and contribute to rapid microbial growth, even though the aesthetic impacts are temporary.

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil... Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service. (4) Steel tubing shall have a...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... consist of one or more of the materials described in § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded... Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes. (2) Fittings for gas piping shall be wrought iron...

75 FR 69052 - Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe From the People's...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

... seamless carbon and alloy steel standard, line, and pressure pipe (``seamless pipe'') from the People's... seamless pipe from the PRC. See Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe..., and its negative determination of critical circumstances. See Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel...

46 CFR 56.97-40 - Installation tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) and 56.50-40(b), respectively. (2) Fuel oil discharge piping between the pumps and the burners, but.... (5) Any Class I, I-L, II-L piping. (6) Cargo oil piping. (7) Firemains, but not less than 150 pounds per square inch. (8) Fuel oil transfer and filling piping. (9) Class I compressed air piping. (10...

49 CFR 195.112 - New pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... with the following: (a) The pipe must be made of steel of the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy... sets forth the chemical requirements for the pipe steel and mechanical tests for the pipe to provide... made, the specified minimum yield strength or grade, and the pipe size. The marking must be applied in...

49 CFR 195.112 - New pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... with the following: (a) The pipe must be made of steel of the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy... sets forth the chemical requirements for the pipe steel and mechanical tests for the pipe to provide... made, the specified minimum yield strength or grade, and the pipe size. The marking must be applied in...

49 CFR 195.112 - New pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... with the following: (a) The pipe must be made of steel of the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy... sets forth the chemical requirements for the pipe steel and mechanical tests for the pipe to provide... made, the specified minimum yield strength or grade, and the pipe size. The marking must be applied in...

49 CFR 195.112 - New pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... with the following: (a) The pipe must be made of steel of the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy... sets forth the chemical requirements for the pipe steel and mechanical tests for the pipe to provide... made, the specified minimum yield strength or grade, and the pipe size. The marking must be applied in...

49 CFR 195.112 - New pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... with the following: (a) The pipe must be made of steel of the carbon, low alloy-high strength, or alloy... sets forth the chemical requirements for the pipe steel and mechanical tests for the pipe to provide... made, the specified minimum yield strength or grade, and the pipe size. The marking must be applied in...

46 CFR 45.133 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Air pipes. 45.133 Section 45.133 Shipping COAST GUARD....133 Air pipes. (a) Where an air pipe to any tank extends above the freeboard or superstructure deck— (1) The exposed part of the air pipe must be made of steel and of sufficient thickness to avoid...

46 CFR 45.133 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Air pipes. 45.133 Section 45.133 Shipping COAST GUARD....133 Air pipes. (a) Where an air pipe to any tank extends above the freeboard or superstructure deck— (1) The exposed part of the air pipe must be made of steel and of sufficient thickness to avoid...

46 CFR 45.133 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Air pipes. 45.133 Section 45.133 Shipping COAST GUARD....133 Air pipes. (a) Where an air pipe to any tank extends above the freeboard or superstructure deck— (1) The exposed part of the air pipe must be made of steel and of sufficient thickness to avoid...

78 FR 41369 - Certain Small Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line and Pressure Pipe From Romania...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-10

... Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line and Pressure Pipe From Romania: Preliminary Results of..., line and pressure pipe (small diameter seamless pipe) from Romania. The period of review (POR) is... and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line and Pressure Pipe from Romania,'' dated concurrently with this...

49 CFR 192.125 - Design of copper pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design of copper pipe. 192.125 Section 192.125... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Pipe Design § 192.125 Design of copper pipe. (a) Copper... hard drawn. (b) Copper pipe used in service lines must have wall thickness not less than that indicated...

49 CFR 195.585 - What must I do to correct corroded pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.585 What must I do to correct corroded pipe? (a) General corrosion. If you find pipe so generally corroded that the remaining wall thickness... restore the serviceability of the pipe. (b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you find pipe that has...

49 CFR 195.585 - What must I do to correct corroded pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.585 What must I do to correct corroded pipe? (a) General corrosion. If you find pipe so generally corroded that the remaining wall thickness... restore the serviceability of the pipe. (b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you find pipe that has...

46 CFR 45.133 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Air pipes. 45.133 Section 45.133 Shipping COAST GUARD....133 Air pipes. (a) Where an air pipe to any tank extends above the freeboard or superstructure deck— (1) The exposed part of the air pipe must be made of steel and of sufficient thickness to avoid...

46 CFR 45.133 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Air pipes. 45.133 Section 45.133 Shipping COAST GUARD....133 Air pipes. (a) Where an air pipe to any tank extends above the freeboard or superstructure deck— (1) The exposed part of the air pipe must be made of steel and of sufficient thickness to avoid...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping: Electrical bonding. 154.514 Section 154.514... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... side. (c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods: (1) A metal bonding...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Piping: Electrical bonding. 154.514 Section 154.514... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... side. (c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods: (1) A metal bonding...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping: Electrical bonding. 154.514 Section 154.514... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... side. (c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods: (1) A metal bonding...

49 CFR 195.585 - What must I do to correct corroded pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.585 What must I do to correct corroded pipe? (a) General corrosion. If you find pipe so generally corroded that the remaining wall thickness... restore the serviceability of the pipe. (b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you find pipe that has...

49 CFR 195.585 - What must I do to correct corroded pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.585 What must I do to correct corroded pipe? (a) General corrosion. If you find pipe so generally corroded that the remaining wall thickness... restore the serviceability of the pipe. (b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you find pipe that has...

49 CFR 195.585 - What must I do to correct corroded pipe?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Corrosion Control § 195.585 What must I do to correct corroded pipe? (a) General corrosion. If you find pipe so generally corroded that the remaining wall thickness... restore the serviceability of the pipe. (b) Localized corrosion pitting. If you find pipe that has...

49 CFR 192.121 - Design of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Design of plastic pipe. 192.121 Section 192.121... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Pipe Design § 192.121 Design of plastic pipe. Subject to the limitations of § 192.123, the design pressure for plastic pipe is determined by either of the...

49 CFR 192.321 - Installation of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Installation of plastic pipe. 192.321 Section 192... Transmission Lines and Mains § 192.321 Installation of plastic pipe. (a) Plastic pipe must be installed below ground level except as provided by paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. (b) Plastic pipe that is...

30 CFR 75.1905-1 - Diesel fuel piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Diesel fuel piping systems. 75.1905-1 Section... Diesel fuel piping systems. (a) Diesel fuel piping systems from the surface must be designed and operated... spillage of fuel and that activates an alarm system. (b) All piping, valves and fittings must be— (1...

49 CFR 192.321 - Installation of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Installation of plastic pipe. 192.321 Section 192... Transmission Lines and Mains § 192.321 Installation of plastic pipe. (a) Plastic pipe must be installed below ground level except as provided by paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. (b) Plastic pipe that is...

49 CFR 192.121 - Design of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design of plastic pipe. 192.121 Section 192.121... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Pipe Design § 192.121 Design of plastic pipe. Subject to the limitations of § 192.123, the design pressure for plastic pipe is determined by either of the...

49 CFR 192.321 - Installation of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Installation of plastic pipe. 192.321 Section 192... Transmission Lines and Mains § 192.321 Installation of plastic pipe. (a) Plastic pipe must be installed below ground level except as provided by paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. (b) Plastic pipe that is...

49 CFR 192.321 - Installation of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Installation of plastic pipe. 192.321 Section 192... Transmission Lines and Mains § 192.321 Installation of plastic pipe. (a) Plastic pipe must be installed below ground level except as provided by paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. (b) Plastic pipe that is...

49 CFR 192.121 - Design of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Design of plastic pipe. 192.121 Section 192.121... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Pipe Design § 192.121 Design of plastic pipe. Subject to the limitations of § 192.123, the design pressure for plastic pipe is determined by either of the...

49 CFR 192.121 - Design of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Design of plastic pipe. 192.121 Section 192.121... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Pipe Design § 192.121 Design of plastic pipe. Subject to the limitations of § 192.123, the design pressure for plastic pipe is determined by either of the...

49 CFR 192.321 - Installation of plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Installation of plastic pipe. 192.321 Section 192... Transmission Lines and Mains § 192.321 Installation of plastic pipe. (a) Plastic pipe must be installed below ground level except as provided by paragraphs (g) and (h) of this section. (b) Plastic pipe that is...

76 FR 57953 - Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe and Tube From Turkey; Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-19

... Pipe and Tube From Turkey; Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY... pipe and tube from Turkey. See Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe and Tube From Turkey; Notice of... order covering light- walled rectangular pipe and tube from Turkey. See Preliminary Results. The...

49 CFR 195.212 - Bending of pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bending of pipe. 195.212 Section 195.212... PIPELINE Construction § 195.212 Bending of pipe. (a) Pipe must not have a wrinkle bend. (b) Each field bend must comply with the following: (1) A bend must not impair the serviceability of the pipe. (2) Each...

49 CFR 195.212 - Bending of pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bending of pipe. 195.212 Section 195.212... PIPELINE Construction § 195.212 Bending of pipe. (a) Pipe must not have a wrinkle bend. (b) Each field bend must comply with the following: (1) A bend must not impair the serviceability of the pipe. (2) Each...

49 CFR 230.63 - Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. 230.63... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION STEAM LOCOMOTIVE INSPECTION AND MAINTENANCE STANDARDS Boilers and Appurtenances Steam Pipes § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. The smoke box, steam pipes and...

Multi-stage slurry system used for grinding and polishing materials

DOEpatents

Hed, P. Paul; Fuchs, Baruch A.

2001-01-01

A slurry system draws slurry from a slurry tank via one of several intake pipes, where each pipe has an intake opening at a different depth in the slurry. The slurry is returned to the slurry tank via a bypass pipe in order to continue the agitation of the slurry. The slurry is then diverted to a delivery pipe, which supplies slurry to a polisher. The flow of slurry in the bypass pipe is stopped in order for the slurry in the slurry tank to begin to settle. As the polishing continues, slurry is removed from shallower depths in order to pull finer grit from the slurry. When the polishing is complete, the flow in the delivery pipe is ceased. The flow of slurry in the bypass pipe is resumed to start agitating the slurry. In another embodiment, the multiple intake pipes are replaced by a single adjustable pipe. As the slurry is settling, the pipe is moved upward to remove the finer grit near the top of the slurry tank as the polishing process continues.

Study on pipe deflection by using numerical method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husaini; Zaki Mubarak, Amir; Agustiar, Rizki

2018-05-01

Piping systems are widely used in a refinery or oil and gas industry. The piping system must be properly designed to avoid failure or leakage. Pipe stress analysis is conducted to analyze the loads and critical stress occurred, so that the failure of the pipe can be avoided. In this research, it is analyzed the deflection of a pipe by using Finite Element Method. The pipe is made of A358 / 304SS SCH10S Stainless Steel. It is 16 inches in size with the distance between supports is 10 meters. The fluid flown is Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) with the range of temperature of -120 ° C to -170 ° C, and a density of 461.1 kg / m 3. The flow of LNG causes deflection of the pipe. The pipe deflection must be within the permissible tolerable range. The objective is to analyze the deflection occurred in the piping system. Based on the calculation and simulation, the deflection is 4.4983 mm, which is below the maximum limit of deflection allowed, which is 20.3 mm.

Pipe Crawler{reg_sign} internal piping characterization system - deactivation and decommissioning focus area. Innovative Technology Summary Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-02-01

Pipe Crawler{reg_sign} is a pipe surveying system for performing radiological characterization and/or free release surveys of piping systems. The technology employs a family of manually advanced, wheeled platforms, or crawlers, fitted with one or more arrays of thin Geiger Mueller (GM) detectors operated from an external power supply and data processing unit. Survey readings are taken in a step-wise fashion. A video camera and tape recording system are used for video surveys of pipe interiors prior to and during radiological surveys. Pipe Crawler{reg_sign} has potential advantages over the baseline and other technologies in areas of cost, durability, waste minimization, andmore » intrusiveness. Advantages include potentially reduced cost, potential reuse of the pipe system, reduced waste volume, and the ability to manage pipes in place with minimal disturbance to facility operations. Advantages over competing technologies include potentially reduced costs and the ability to perform beta-gamma surveys that are capable of passing regulatory scrutiny for free release of piping systems.« less

Fabrication of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipes for sharp leading edge cooling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ai, Bangcheng; Chen, Siyuan; Yu, Jijun; Lu, Qin; Han, Hantao; Hu, Longfei

2018-05-01

In this study, lithium/C-103 alloys heat pipes are proposed for sharp leading edge cooling. Three models of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipes were fabricated. And their startup properties were tested by radiant heat tests and aerothermal tests. It is found that the startup temperature of lithium heat pipe was about 860 °C. At 1000 °C radiant heat tests, the operating temperature of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipe is lower than 860 °C. Thus, startup failure occurs. At 1100 °C radiant heat tests and aerothermal tests, the operating temperature of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipe is higher than 860 °C, and the heat pipe starts up successfully. The startup of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipe decreases the leading edge temperature effectively, which endows itself good ablation resistance. After radiant heat tests and aerothermal tests, all the heat pipe models are severely oxidized because of the C-103 poor oxidation resistance. Therefore, protective coatings are required for further applications of lithium/C-103 alloy heat pipes.

Asymptotic scalings of developing curved pipe flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ault, Jesse; Chen, Kevin; Stone, Howard

2015-11-01

Asymptotic velocity and pressure scalings are identified for the developing curved pipe flow problem in the limit of small pipe curvature and high Reynolds numbers. The continuity and Navier-Stokes equations in toroidal coordinates are linearized about Dean's analytical curved pipe flow solution (Dean 1927). Applying appropriate scaling arguments to the perturbation pressure and velocity components and taking the limits of small curvature and large Reynolds number yields a set of governing equations and boundary conditions for the perturbations, independent of any Reynolds number and pipe curvature dependence. Direct numerical simulations are used to confirm these scaling arguments. Fully developed straight pipe flow is simulated entering a curved pipe section for a range of Reynolds numbers and pipe-to-curvature radius ratios. The maximum values of the axial and secondary velocity perturbation components along with the maximum value of the pressure perturbation are plotted along the curved pipe section. The results collapse when the scaling arguments are applied. The numerically solved decay of the velocity perturbation is also used to determine the entrance/development lengths for the curved pipe flows, which are shown to scale linearly with the Reynolds number.

Depriming of arterial heat pipes: An investigation of CTS thermal excursions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antoniuk, D.; Edwards, D. K.

1980-01-01

Four thermal excursions of the Transmitter Experiment Package (TEP) were the result of the depriming of the arteries in all three heat pipes in the Variable Conductance Heat Pipe System which cooled the TEP. The determined cause of the depriming of the heat pipes was the formation of bubbles of the nitrogen/helium control gas mixture in the arteries during the thaw portion of a freeze/thaw cycle of the inactive region of the condenser section of the heat pipe. Conditions such as suction freezeout or heat pipe turn-on, which moved these bubbles into the active region of the heat pipe, contributed to the depriming mechanism. Methods for precluding, or reducing the probability of, this type of failure mechanism in future applications of arterial heat pipes are included.

Branch-pipe-routing approach for ships using improved genetic algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sui, Haiteng; Niu, Wentie

2016-09-01

Branch-pipe routing plays fundamental and critical roles in ship-pipe design. The branch-pipe-routing problem is a complex combinatorial optimization problem and is thus difficult to solve when depending only on human experts. A modified genetic-algorithm-based approach is proposed in this paper to solve this problem. The simplified layout space is first divided into threedimensional (3D) grids to build its mathematical model. Branch pipes in layout space are regarded as a combination of several two-point pipes, and the pipe route between two connection points is generated using an improved maze algorithm. The coding of branch pipes is then defined, and the genetic operators are devised, especially the complete crossover strategy that greatly accelerates the convergence speed. Finally, simulation tests demonstrate the performance of proposed method.

Final Report For The Erosion And Corrosion Analysis Of Waste Transfer Primary Pipeline Sections From 241-SY Tank Farm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Page, J. S.; Wyrwas, R. B.; Cooke, G. A.

Three sections of primary transfer pipeline removed from the 241-SY Tank Farm in Hanford's 200 West area, labeled as SN-285, SN-286, and SN-278, were analyzed for the presence and amount of corrosion and erosion on the inside surface of the transfer pipe. All three sections of pipe, ranging in length between 6 and 8 in., were received at the 222-S Laboratory still in the pipe-in-pipe assembly. The annular spaces were filled with urethane foam injected into the pipes for as low as reasonably achievable (ALARA) purposes. The 3-in. primary transfer pipes were first separated from the outer encasement, 6-in. pipes.more » The pipes were cut into small sections, or coupons, based upon the results of a non-destructive pipe wall thickness measurement which used an ultrasonic transducer. Following removal of the foam, the coupons were subjected to a series of analytical methods utilizing both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy to obtain erosion and corrosion information. The ultrasonic transducer analysis of the SN-285 primary pipe did not show any thinned locations in the pipe wall which were outside the expected range for the 3-in. schedule 40 pipe of 216 mils. A coupon was cut from the thinnest area on the pipe, and analysis of the inside surface, which was in contact with the tank waste, revealed a continuous layer of corrosion ~ 100 11m (4 mils) thick under a semi-continuous layer of tank waste residue ~ 20 11m (1 mil) thick. This residue layer was composed of an amorphous phase rich in chromium, magnesium, calcium, and chlorine. Small pits were detected throughout the inside pipe surface with depths up to ~ 50 11m (2 mils). Similarly, the SN-286 primary pipe did not show, by the ultrasonic transducer measurements, any thinned locations in the pipe wall which were outside the expected range for this pipe. Analysis of the coupon cut from the pipe section showed the presence of a tank waste layer containing sodium aluminate and phases rich in iron, calcium, and chromium. This layer was removed by a cleaning process that left a pipe surface continuous in iron oxide/hydroxide (corrosion) with pockets of aluminum oxide, possibly gibbsite. The corrosion layer was ~ 50 11m (2 mil) thick over non-continuous pits less than ~ 50 11m deep (2 mils). Small particles of aluminum oxide were also detected under the corrosion layer. The ultrasonic transducer analysis of SN-278, like the previous primary pipes, did not reveal any noticeable thinning of the pipe wall. Analysis of the coupon cut from the pipe showed that the inside surface had a layer of tank waste residue that was partially detached from the pipe wall. This layer was easily scraped from the surface and was composed of two separate layers. The underlying layer was ~ 350 11m (14 mils) thick and composed of a cementation of small aluminum oxide (probably gibbsite) particles. A thinner layer on top of the aluminum oxide layer was rich in carbon and chlorine. Scattered pitting was observed on the inside pipe surface with one pit as deep as 200 11m (8 mils).« less

In-network processing of joins in wireless sensor networks.

PubMed

Kang, Hyunchul

2013-03-11

The join or correlated filtering of sensor readings is one of the fundamental query operations in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although the join in centralized or distributed databases is a well-researched problem, join processing in WSNs has quite different characteristics and is much more difficult to perform due to the lack of statistics on sensor readings and the resource constraints of sensor nodes. Since data transmission is orders of magnitude more costly than processing at a sensor node, in-network processing of joins is essential. In this paper, the state-of-the-art techniques for join implementation in WSNs are surveyed. The requirements and challenges, join types, and components of join implementation are described. The open issues for further research are identified.

In-Network Processing of Joins in Wireless Sensor Networks

PubMed Central

Kang, Hyunchul

2013-01-01

The join or correlated filtering of sensor readings is one of the fundamental query operations in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Although the join in centralized or distributed databases is a well-researched problem, join processing in WSNs has quite different characteristics and is much more difficult to perform due to the lack of statistics on sensor readings and the resource constraints of sensor nodes. Since data transmission is orders of magnitude more costly than processing at a sensor node, in-network processing of joins is essential. In this paper, the state-of-the-art techniques for join implementation in WSNs are surveyed. The requirements and challenges, join types, and components of join implementation are described. The open issues for further research are identified. PMID:23478603

Dual Roles for DNA Polymerase Theta in Alternative End-Joining Repair of Double-Strand Breaks in Drosophila

PubMed Central

McVey, Mitch

2010-01-01

DNA double-strand breaks are repaired by multiple mechanisms that are roughly grouped into the categories of homology-directed repair and non-homologous end joining. End-joining repair can be further classified as either classical non-homologous end joining, which requires DNA ligase 4, or “alternative” end joining, which does not. Alternative end joining has been associated with genomic deletions and translocations, but its molecular mechanism(s) are largely uncharacterized. Here, we report that Drosophila melanogaster DNA polymerase theta (pol theta), encoded by the mus308 gene and previously implicated in DNA interstrand crosslink repair, plays a crucial role in DNA ligase 4-independent alternative end joining. In the absence of pol theta, end joining is impaired and residual repair often creates large deletions flanking the break site. Analysis of break repair junctions from flies with mus308 separation-of-function alleles suggests that pol theta promotes the use of long microhomologies during alternative end joining and increases the likelihood of complex insertion events. Our results establish pol theta as a key protein in alternative end joining in Drosophila and suggest a potential mechanistic link between alternative end joining and interstrand crosslink repair. PMID:20617203

Noise control of waste water pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lilly, Jerry

2005-09-01

Noise radiated by waste water pipes is a major concern in multifamily housing projects. While the most common solution to this problem is to use cast-iron pipes in lieu of plastic pipes, this may not be sufficient in high-end applications. It should also be noted that many (if not most) multifamily housing projects in the U.S.A. are constructed with plastic waste piping. This paper discusses some of the measures that developers are currently using to control noise from both plastic and cast-iron waste pipes. In addition, results of limited noise measurements of transient water flow in plastic and cast-iron waste pipes will be presented.

Cementing a wellbore using cementing material encapsulated in a shell

DOEpatents

Aines, Roger D.; Bourcier, William L.; Duoss, Eric B.; Spadaccini, Christopher M.; Cowan, Kenneth Michael

2016-08-16

A system for cementing a wellbore penetrating an earth formation into which a pipe extends. A cement material is positioned in the space between the wellbore and the pipe by circulated capsules containing the cement material through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The capsules contain the cementing material encapsulated in a shell. The capsules are added to a fluid and the fluid with capsules is circulated through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The shell is breached once the capsules contain the cementing material are in position in the space between the wellbore and the pipe.

Heat Pipes Cool Power Magnetics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hansen, I.; Chester, M.; Luedke, E.

1983-01-01

Configurations originally developed for space use are effective in any orientation. Heat pipes integrated into high-power, high-frequency, highvoltage spaceflight magnetics reduce weight and improve reliability by lowering internal tempertures. Two heat pipes integrated in design of power transformer cool unit in any orientation. Electrostatic shield conducts heat from windings to heat pipe evaporator. Technology allows dramatic reductions in size and weight, while significantly improving reliability. In addition, all attitude design of heat pipes allows operation of heat pipes independent of local gravity forces.

Bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along pipe wall in chlorinated drinking water distribution system of East China.

PubMed

Liu, Jingqing; Ren, Hongxing; Ye, Xianbei; Wang, Wei; Liu, Yan; Lou, Liping; Cheng, Dongqing; He, Xiaofang; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Qiu, Shangde; Fu, Liusong; Hu, Baolan

2017-01-01

Biofilms in the pipe wall may lead to water quality deterioration and biological instability in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In this study, bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along the pipe wall in a chlorinated DWDS of East China was investigated. Three pipes of large diameter (300, 600, and 600 mm) were sampled in this DWDS, including a ductile cast iron pipe (DCIP) with pipe age of 11 years and two gray cast iron pipes (GCIP) with pipe ages of 17 and 19 years, and biofilms in the upper, middle, and lower parts of each pipe wall were collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and culture-based method were used to quantify bacteria. 454 pyrosequencing was used for bacterial community analysis. The results showed that the biofilm density and total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) contents increased gradually from the top to the bottom along the pipe wall. Microorganisms were concentrated in the upper and lower parts of the pipe wall, together accounting for more than 80 % of the total biomass in the biofilms. The bacterial communities in biofilms were significantly different in different areas of the pipe wall and had no strong interaction. Compared with the upper and lower parts of the pipe wall, the bacterial community in the middle of the pipe wall was distributed evenly and had the highest diversity. The 16S rRNA genes of various possible pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica, were detected in the biofilms, and the abundances of these possible pathogens were highest in the middle of the pipe wall among three areas. The detachment of the biofilms is the main reason for the deterioration of the water quality in DWDSs. The results of this study suggest that the biofilms in the middle of the pipe wall have highly potential risk for drinking water safety, which provides new ideas for the study of the microbial ecology in DWDS.

75 FR 69125 - Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe From China

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-10

... standard, line, and pressure pipe (``seamless SLP pipe''), provided for in subheadings 7304.19.10, 7304.19... Charlotte R. Lane determines that the domestic seamless SLP pipe industry is materially injured by reason of... notification of preliminary determinations by Commerce that imports of seamless SLP pipe from China were...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

Heat pipes and use of heat pipes in furnace exhaust

DOEpatents

Polcyn, Adam D.

2010-12-28

An array of a plurality of heat pipe are mounted in spaced relationship to one another with the hot end of the heat pipes in a heated environment, e.g. the exhaust flue of a furnace, and the cold end outside the furnace. Heat conversion equipment is connected to the cold end of the heat pipes.

46 CFR 42.15-50 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Air pipes. 42.15-50 Section 42.15-50 Shipping COAST... Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard § 42.15-50 Air pipes. (a) Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks.... Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes. [CGFR 68...

46 CFR 42.15-50 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Air pipes. 42.15-50 Section 42.15-50 Shipping COAST... Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard § 42.15-50 Air pipes. (a) Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks.... Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes. [CGFR 68...

46 CFR 42.15-50 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Air pipes. 42.15-50 Section 42.15-50 Shipping COAST... Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard § 42.15-50 Air pipes. (a) Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks.... Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes. [CGFR 68...

77 FR 30522 - Sunoco Pipeline L.P., West Texas Gulf Pipe Line Company, Mobil Pipe Line Company; Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-23

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. OR12-16-000] Sunoco Pipeline L.P., West Texas Gulf Pipe Line Company, Mobil Pipe Line Company; Notice of Petition for Declartaory... Company, and Mobil Pipe Line Company (collectively, Petitioners) filed a petition for a declaratory order...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

49 CFR 230.63 - Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. 230.63... Appurtenances Steam Pipes § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. The smoke box, steam pipes and... individual conducting the inspection must enter the smoke box to conduct the inspection, looking for signs of...

49 CFR 230.63 - Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. 230.63... Appurtenances Steam Pipes § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. The smoke box, steam pipes and... individual conducting the inspection must enter the smoke box to conduct the inspection, looking for signs of...

49 CFR 230.63 - Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. 230.63... Appurtenances Steam Pipes § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. The smoke box, steam pipes and... individual conducting the inspection must enter the smoke box to conduct the inspection, looking for signs of...

49 CFR 230.63 - Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. 230.63... Appurtenances Steam Pipes § 230.63 Smoke box, steam pipes and pressure parts. The smoke box, steam pipes and... individual conducting the inspection must enter the smoke box to conduct the inspection, looking for signs of...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 42.15-50 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Air pipes. 42.15-50 Section 42.15-50 Shipping COAST... Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard § 42.15-50 Air pipes. (a) Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks.... Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes. [CGFR 68...

46 CFR 42.15-50 - Air pipes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Air pipes. 42.15-50 Section 42.15-50 Shipping COAST... Conditions of Assignment of Freeboard § 42.15-50 Air pipes. (a) Where air pipes to ballast and other tanks.... Satisfactory means permanently attached, shall be provided for closing the openings of the air pipes. [CGFR 68...

76 FR 11758 - Drill Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Countervailing Duty Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-03

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-570-966] Drill Pipe From the People's... countervailing duty order on drill pipe from the People's Republic of China (PRC). DATES: Effective Date: March 3... producers and exporters of drill pipe from the PRC. See Drill Pipe from the People's Republic of China...

Experimenting with a "Pipe" Whistle

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stafford, Olga

2012-01-01

A simple pipe whistle can be made using pieces of PVC pipe. The whistle can be used to measure the resonant frequencies of open or closed pipes. A slightly modified version of the device can be used to also investigate the interesting dependence of the sound frequencies produced on the orifice-to-edge distance. The pipe whistle described here…

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

75 FR 20342 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-19

...-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review and Rescission of...- alloy steel pipe from Mexico. See Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico; Preliminary... remaining three respondents. See Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from Mexico: Notice of Partial...

49 CFR 192.105 - Design formula for steel pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Design formula for steel pipe. 192.105 Section 192... for steel pipe. (a) The design pressure for steel pipe is determined in accordance with the following... § 192.113. T=Temperature derating factor determined in accordance with § 192.115. (b) If steel pipe that...

49 CFR 192.105 - Design formula for steel pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Design formula for steel pipe. 192.105 Section 192... for steel pipe. (a) The design pressure for steel pipe is determined in accordance with the following... § 192.113. T=Temperature derating factor determined in accordance with § 192.115. (b) If steel pipe that...

49 CFR 192.105 - Design formula for steel pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Design formula for steel pipe. 192.105 Section 192... for steel pipe. (a) The design pressure for steel pipe is determined in accordance with the following... § 192.113. T=Temperature derating factor determined in accordance with § 192.115. (b) If steel pipe that...

49 CFR 192.105 - Design formula for steel pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Design formula for steel pipe. 192.105 Section 192... for steel pipe. (a) The design pressure for steel pipe is determined in accordance with the following... § 192.113. T=Temperature derating factor determined in accordance with § 192.115. (b) If steel pipe that...

49 CFR 192.105 - Design formula for steel pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Design formula for steel pipe. 192.105 Section 192... for steel pipe. (a) The design pressure for steel pipe is determined in accordance with the following... § 192.113. T=Temperature derating factor determined in accordance with § 192.115. (b) If steel pipe that...

75 FR 68324 - Certain Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Japan, South Korea and Taiwan; Final Results...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-05

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Scope of the Orders Japan The products covered by this order include certain... designing the piping system: (1) Corrosion of the piping system will occur if material other than stainless... designing the piping system: (1) Corrosion of the piping system will occur if material other than stainless...

77 FR 41967 - Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From India, Thailand, and Turkey; Certain...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... Pipes and Tubes From India, Thailand, and Turkey; Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From... on (1) certain circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from India, Thailand, and Turkey; (2... circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Turkey would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of...

76 FR 76939 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Results of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

... Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY... antidumping duty administrative review of certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey. The... carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey. See Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube from Turkey; Notice...

49 CFR 192.175 - Pipe-type and bottle-type holders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pipe-type and bottle-type holders. 192.175 Section....175 Pipe-type and bottle-type holders. (a) Each pipe-type and bottle-type holder must be designed so... equipment, that might cause corrosion or interfere with the safe operation of the holder. (b) Each pipe-type...

49 CFR 192.175 - Pipe-type and bottle-type holders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pipe-type and bottle-type holders. 192.175 Section....175 Pipe-type and bottle-type holders. (a) Each pipe-type and bottle-type holder must be designed so... equipment, that might cause corrosion or interfere with the safe operation of the holder. (b) Each pipe-type...

Study of the use of truck tire beads as drainage pipe and analysis of the economics of tire disposal in Oklahoma. Part 1. Culverts. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Everett, J.W.; Gattis, J.L.

1994-07-01

In an attempt to find alternate ways of dealing with waste truck tires, a private tire recycling company developed a pipe from the tire bead and sidewall. The tire-pipe has seen limited use as a roadway drainage culvert. To encourage wider use of this product, an evaluation of pipe performance was performed. The evaluation consisted of (1) inspections of existing installations; (2) structural tests; and (3) leakage tests. The study found that the majority of installations were performing well. Compared with corrugated steel and fiberglass pipes, the tire-pipe exhibited favorable structural performance. An individual tire-pipe section was found to bemore » watertight. However, when tested in the open-air (not in the ground), the tire-pipe joints were found to leak. Development of an improved end connection would improve the utility of the tire-pipe.« less

Solar dynamic heat rejection technology. Task 2: Heat pipe radiator development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

League, Mark; Alario, Joe

1988-01-01

This report covers the design, fabrication, and test of several dual slot heat pipe engineering development units. The following dual-slot heat pipes were fabricated and tested: two 6-ft. aluminum heat pipes; a 20-ft. aluminum heat pipe; and a 20-ft. aluminum heat pipe with a four-leg evaporator section. The test results of all four test articles are presented and compared to the performance predicted by the design software. Test results from the four-leg article are incomplete. The methodology for fabricating stainless steel dual slot heat pipes was also studied by performing a tool life test with different single point cutters, and these results are also presented. Although the dual-slot heat pipe has demonstrated the potential to meet the requirements for a high capacity radiator system, uncertainties with the design still exist. The startup difficulties with the aluminum test articles must be solved, and a stainless steel/methanol heat pipe should be built and tested.

Development of cryogenic thermal control heat pipes. [of stainless steels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The development of thermal control heat pipes that are applicable to the low temperature to cryogenic range was investigated. A previous effort demonstrated that stainless steel axially grooved tubing which met performance requirements could be fabricated. Three heat pipe designs utilizing stainless steel axially grooved tubing were fabricated and tested. One is a liquid trap diode heat pipe which conforms to the configuration and performance requirements of the Heat Pipe Experiment Package (HEPP). The HEPP is scheduled for flight aboard the Long Duration Flight Exposure Facility (LDEF). Another is a thermal switch heat pipe which is designed to permit energy transfer at the cooler of the two identical legs. The third thermal component is a hybrid variable conductance heat pipe (VCHP). The design incorporates both a conventional VCHP system and a liquid trap diode. The design, fabrication and thermal testing of these heat pipes is described. The demonstrated heat pipe behavior including start-up, forward mode transport, recovery after evaporator dry-out, diode performance and variable conductance control are discussed.

A Corrosion Risk Assessment Model for Underground Piping

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Datta, Koushik; Fraser, Douglas R.

2009-01-01

The Pressure Systems Manager at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) has embarked on a project to collect data and develop risk assessment models to support risk-informed decision making regarding future inspections of underground pipes at ARC. This paper shows progress in one area of this project - a corrosion risk assessment model for the underground high-pressure air distribution piping system at ARC. It consists of a Corrosion Model of pipe-segments, a Pipe Wrap Protection Model; and a Pipe Stress Model for a pipe segment. A Monte Carlo simulation of the combined models provides a distribution of the failure probabilities. Sensitivity study results show that the model uncertainty, or lack of knowledge, is the dominant contributor to the calculated unreliability of the underground piping system. As a result, the Pressure Systems Manager may consider investing resources specifically focused on reducing these uncertainties. Future work includes completing the data collection effort for the existing ground based pressure systems and applying the risk models to risk-based inspection strategies of the underground pipes at ARC.

Combining geomorphological mapping and near surface geophysics (GPR and ERT) to study piping systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernatek-Jakiel, Anita; Kondracka, Marta

2016-12-01

This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive characterization of piping systems in mountainous areas under a temperate climate using geomorphological mapping and geophysical methods (electrical resistivity tomography - ERT and ground penetrating radar - GPR). The significance of piping in gully formation and hillslope hydrology has been discussed for many years, and most of the studies are based on surface investigations. However, it seems that most surface investigations underestimate this subsurface process. Therefore, our purpose was to estimate the scale of piping activity based on both surface and subsurface investigations. We used geophysical methods to detect the boundary of lateral water movement fostering pipe development and recognize the internal structure of the underlying materials. The survey was carried out in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment, in the Bieszczady Mountains. (Eastern Carpathians, Poland), where pipes develop in Cambisols at a mean depth of about 0.7-0.8 m. The geophysical techniques that were used are shown to be successful in identifying pipes. GPR data suggest that the density of piping systems is much larger than that detectible from surface observations alone. Pipe length can be > 6.5-9.2% (maximum = 49%) higher than what surface mapping suggests. Thus, the significance of piping in hillslope hydrology and gully formation can be greater than previously assumed. These results also draw attention to the scale of piping activity in the Carpathians, where this process has been neglected for many years. The ERT profiles reveal areas affected by piping as places of higher resistivity values, which are an effect of a higher content of air-filled pores (due to higher soil porosity, intense biological activity, and well-developed soil structure). In addition, the ERT profiles show that the pipes in the study area develop at the soil-bedrock interface, probably above the layers of shales or mudstones which create a water restrictive layer. Our results illustrate the suitability and limitations of GPR and ERT to study soil piping. In general, geophysical surveying is useful for gathering more information on pipe density, potential pipe detection, and recognition of the internal structure of materials underlying the pipes. However, the interpretation of radargrams and ERT profiles should be always accompanied by detailed terrain mapping due to potential disturbances affecting geophysical profiles.

24 CFR 3280.608 - Hangers and supports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... supporting plastic pipe shall not compress, distort, cut or abrade the piping and shall allow free movement..., plastic drainage piping shall be supported at intervals not to exceed 4 feet and plastic water piping...

24 CFR 3280.608 - Hangers and supports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... supporting plastic pipe shall not compress, distort, cut or abrade the piping and shall allow free movement..., plastic drainage piping shall be supported at intervals not to exceed 4 feet and plastic water piping...

24 CFR 3280.608 - Hangers and supports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... supporting plastic pipe shall not compress, distort, cut or abrade the piping and shall allow free movement..., plastic drainage piping shall be supported at intervals not to exceed 4 feet and plastic water piping...

Heat Pipes and Heat Rejection Component Testing at NASA Glenn Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanzi, James L.; Jaworske, Donald A.

2012-01-01

Titanium-water heat pipes are being evaluated for use in the heat rejection system for space fission power systems. The heat rejection syst em currently comprises heat pipes with a graphite saddle and a composite fin. The heat input is a pumped water loop from the cooling of the power conversion system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has been life testing titanium-water heat pipes as well as eval uating several heat pipe radiator designs. The testing includes thermal modeling and verification of model, material compatibility, frozen startup of heat pipe radiators, and simulating low-gravity environments. Future thermal testing of titanium-water heat pipes includes low-g ravity testing of thermosyphons, radiation testing of heat pipes and fin materials, water pump performance testing, as well as Small Busine ss Innovation Research funded deliverable prototype radiator panels.

Drag reduction of alumina nanofluid in spiral pipe with turbulent flow conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yanuar, Mau, Sealtial; Waskito, Kurniawan T.; Putra, Okky A.; Hanif, Rifqi

2017-03-01

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of nanofluid flows through the spiral pipe on drag reduction in turbulent flow conditions. Al2O3 nanoparticles dispersed into pure water at ratio of 100 ppm, 200 ppm and 300 ppm as well as the duration of the mixing time 30 minutes, 60 minutes and 120 minutes. A circular pipe used as a comparison to spiral pipe and both are mounted horizontally. Spiral pipe ratio is P/Di 10.8 and the inner diameter of circular pipe is 3 mm. Mixing time and composition ratio of nanoparticle in basic fluid influence drag reduction results. Nanofluid flows through the test pipe with Reynolds number between 4.0 × 103 to 2.0 × 104 showed high drag reduction occurred in the spiral pipe is 38%.

The cleaning method selected for new PEX pipe installation can affect short-term drinking water quality.

PubMed

Kelley, Keven M; Stenson, Alexandra C; Cooley, Racheal; Dey, Rajarashi; Whelton, Andrew J

2015-12-01

The influence of four different cleaning methods used for newly installed polyethylene (PEX) pipes on chemical and odor quality was determined. Bench-scale testing of two PEX (type b) pipe brands showed that the California Plumbing Code PEX installation method does not maximize total organic carbon (TOC) removal. TOC concentration and threshold odor number values significantly varied between two pipe brands. Different cleaning methods impacted carbon release, odor, as well the level of drinking water odorant ethyl tert-butyl ether. Both pipes caused odor values up to eight times greater than the US federal drinking water odor limit. Unique to this project was that organic chemicals released by PEX pipe were affected by pipe brand, fill/empty cycle frequency, and the pipe cleaning method selected by the installer.

Recent evaluations of crack-opening-area in circumferentially cracked pipes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rahman, S.; Brust, F.; Ghadiali, N.

1997-04-01

Leak-before-break (LBB) analyses for circumferentially cracked pipes are currently being conducted in the nuclear industry to justify elimination of pipe whip restraints and jet shields which are present because of the expected dynamic effects from pipe rupture. The application of the LBB methodology frequently requires calculation of leak rates. The leak rates depend on the crack-opening area of the through-wall crack in the pipe. In addition to LBB analyses which assume a hypothetical flaw size, there is also interest in the integrity of actual leaking cracks corresponding to current leakage detection requirements in NRC Regulatory Guide 1.45, or for assessingmore » temporary repair of Class 2 and 3 pipes that have leaks as are being evaluated in ASME Section XI. The objectives of this study were to review, evaluate, and refine current predictive models for performing crack-opening-area analyses of circumferentially cracked pipes. The results from twenty-five full-scale pipe fracture experiments, conducted in the Degraded Piping Program, the International Piping Integrity Research Group Program, and the Short Cracks in Piping and Piping Welds Program, were used to verify the analytical models. Standard statistical analyses were performed to assess used to verify the analytical models. Standard statistical analyses were performed to assess quantitatively the accuracy of the predictive models. The evaluation also involved finite element analyses for determining the crack-opening profile often needed to perform leak-rate calculations.« less

Rotating optical geometry sensor for inner pipe-surface reconstruction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ritter, Moritz; Frey, Christan W.

2010-01-01

The inspection of sewer or fresh water pipes is usually carried out by a remotely controlled inspection vehicle equipped with a high resolution camera and a lightning system. This operator-oriented approach based on offline analysis of the recorded images is highly subjective and prone to errors. Beside the subjective classification of pipe defects through the operator standard closed circuit television (CCTV) technology is not suitable for detecting geometrical deformations resulting from e.g. structural mechanical weakness of the pipe, corrosion of e.g. cast-iron material or sedimentations. At Fraunhofer Institute of Optronics, System Technologies and Image Exploitation (IOSB) in Karlsruhe, Germany, a new Rotating Optical Geometry Sensor (ROGS) for pipe inspection has been developed which is capable of measuring the inner pipe geometry very precisely over the whole pipe length. This paper describes the developed ROGS system and the online adaption strategy for choosing the optimal system parameters. These parameters are the rotation and traveling speed dependent from the pipe diameter. Furthermore, a practicable calibration methodology is presented which guarantees an identification of the several internal sensor parameters. ROGS has been integrated in two different systems: A rod based system for small fresh water pipes and a standard inspection vehicle based system for large sewer Pipes. These systems have been successfully applied to different pipe systems. With this measurement method the geometric information can be used efficiently for an objective repeatable quality evaluation. Results and experiences in the area of fresh water pipe inspection will be presented.

Development of an integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system for a solar receiver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keddy, E.; Sena, J. Tom; Merrigan, M.; Heidenreich, Gary; Johnson, Steve

1988-01-01

An integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system was developed as part of the Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Dynamic Power System solar receiver for space station application. The solar receiver incorporates potassium heat pipe elements to absorb and transfer the solar energy within the receiver cavity. The heat pipes contain thermal energy storage (TES) canisters within the vapor space with a toluene heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. During the insolation period of the earth orbit, solar energy is delivered to the heat pipe. Part of this thermal energy is delivered to the heater tube and the balance is stored in the TES units. During the eclipse period of earth orbit, the stored energy in the TES units is transferred by the potassium vapor to the toluene heater tube. A developmental heat pipe element was constructed that contains axial arteries and a distribution wick connecting the toluene heater and the TES units to the solar insolation surface of the heat pipe. Tests were conducted to demonstrate the heat pipe, TES units, and the heater tube operation. The heat pipe element was operated at design input power of 4.8 kW. Thermal cycle tests were conducted to demonstrate the successful charge and discharge of the TES units. Axial power flux levels up to 15 watts/sq cm were demonstrated and transient tests were conducted on the heat pipe element. Details of the heat pipe development and test procedures are presented.

Heat Pipe Solar Receiver for Oxygen Production of Lunar Regolith

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartenstine, John R.; Anderson, William G.; Walker, Kara L.; Ellis, Michael C.

2009-03-01

A heat pipe solar receiver operating in the 1050° C range is proposed for use in the hydrogen reduction process for the extraction of oxygen from the lunar soil. The heat pipe solar receiver is designed to accept, isothermalize and transfer solar thermal energy to reactors for oxygen production. This increases the available area for heat transfer, and increases throughput and efficiency. The heat pipe uses sodium as the working fluid, and Haynes 230 as the heat pipe envelope material. Initial design requirements have been established for the heat pipe solar receiver design based on information from the NASA In-Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) program. Multiple heat pipe solar receiver designs were evaluated based on thermal performance, temperature uniformity, and integration with the solar concentrator and the regolith reactor(s). Two designs were selected based on these criteria: an annular heat pipe contained within the regolith reactor and an annular heat pipe with a remote location for the reactor. Additional design concepts have been developed that would use a single concentrator with a single solar receiver to supply and regulate power to multiple reactors. These designs use variable conductance or pressure controlled heat pipes for passive power distribution management between reactors. Following the design study, a demonstration heat pipe solar receiver was fabricated and tested. Test results demonstrated near uniform temperature on the outer surface of the pipe, which will ultimately be in contact with the regolith reactor.

Progress update of NASA's free-piston Stirling space power converter technology project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dudenhoefer, James E.; Winter, Jerry M.; Alger, Donald

1992-01-01

A progress update is presented of the NASA LeRC Free-Piston Stirling Space Power Converter Technology Project. This work is being conducted under NASA's Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI). The goal of the CSTI High Capacity Power Element is to develop the technology base needed to meet the long duration, high capacity power requirements for future NASA space initiatives. Efforts are focused upon increasing system power output and system thermal and electric energy conversion efficiency at least five fold over current SP-100 technology, and on achieving systems that are compatible with space nuclear reactors. This paper will discuss progress toward 1050 K Stirling Space Power Converters. Fabrication is nearly completed for the 1050 K Component Test Power Converter (CTPC); results of motoring tests of the cold end (525 K), are presented. The success of these and future designs is dependent upon supporting research and technology efforts including heat pipes, bearings, superalloy joining technologies, high efficiency alternators, life and reliability testing, and predictive methodologies. This paper will compare progress in significant areas of component development from the start of the program with the Space Power Development Engine (SPDE) to the present work on CTPC.

Validation of the SINDA/FLUINT code using several analytical solutions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keller, John R.

1995-01-01

The Systems Improved Numerical Differencing Analyzer and Fluid Integrator (SINDA/FLUINT) code has often been used to determine the transient and steady-state response of various thermal and fluid flow networks. While this code is an often used design and analysis tool, the validation of this program has been limited to a few simple studies. For the current study, the SINDA/FLUINT code was compared to four different analytical solutions. The thermal analyzer portion of the code (conduction and radiative heat transfer, SINDA portion) was first compared to two separate solutions. The first comparison examined a semi-infinite slab with a periodic surface temperature boundary condition. Next, a small, uniform temperature object (lumped capacitance) was allowed to radiate to a fixed temperature sink. The fluid portion of the code (FLUINT) was also compared to two different analytical solutions. The first study examined a tank filling process by an ideal gas in which there is both control volume work and heat transfer. The final comparison considered the flow in a pipe joining two infinite reservoirs of pressure. The results of all these studies showed that for the situations examined here, the SINDA/FLUINT code was able to match the results of the analytical solutions.

Design of welding parameters for laser welding of thin-walled stainless steel tubes using numerical simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nagy, M.; Behúlová, M.

2017-11-01

Nowadays, the laser technology is used in a wide spectrum of applications, especially in engineering, electronics, medicine, automotive, aeronautic or military industries. In the field of mechanical engineering, the laser technology reaches the biggest increase in the automotive industry, mainly due to the introduction of automation utilizing 5-axial movements. Modelling and numerical simulation of laser welding processes has been exploited with many advantages for the investigation of physical principles and complex phenomena connected with this joining technology. The paper is focused on the application of numerical simulation to the design of welding parameters for the circumferential laser welding of thin-walled exhaust pipes from theAISI 304 steel for automotive industry. Using the developed and experimentally verified simulation model for laser welding of tubes, the influence of welding parameters including the laser velocity from 30 mm.s-1 to 60 mm.s-1 and the laser power from 500 W to 1200 W on the temperature fields and dimensions of fusion zone was investigated using the program code ANSYS. Based on obtained results, the welding schedule for the laser beam welding of thin-walled tubes from the AISI 304 steel was suggested.

Lightweight Heat Pipes Made from Magnesium

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenfeld, John N.; Zarembo, Sergei N.; Eastman, G. Yale

2010-01-01

Magnesium has shown promise as a lighter-weight alternative to the aluminum alloys now used to make the main structural components of axially grooved heat pipes that contain ammonia as the working fluid. Magnesium heat-pipe structures can be fabricated by conventional processes that include extrusion, machining, welding, and bending. The thermal performances of magnesium heat pipes are the same as those of equal-sized aluminum heat pipes. However, by virtue of the lower mass density of magnesium, the magnesium heat pipes weigh 35 percent less. Conceived for use aboard spacecraft, magnesium heat pipes could also be attractive as heat-transfer devices in terrestrial applications in which minimization of weight is sought: examples include radio-communication equipment and laptop computers.

Cementing a wellbore using cementing material encapsulated in a shell

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aines, Roger D.; Bourcier, William L.; Duoss, Eric B.

A system for cementing a wellbore penetrating an earth formation into which a pipe extends. A cement material is positioned in the space between the wellbore and the pipe by circulated capsules containing the cement material through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The capsules contain the cementing material encapsulated in a shell. The capsules are added to a fluid and the fluid with capsules is circulated through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The shell is breached once the capsules contain the cementing material are in position in themore » space between the wellbore and the pipe.« less

49 CFR 192.319 - Installation of pipe in a ditch.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... transmission line that is to be operated at a pressure producing a hoop stress of 20 percent or more of SMYS must be installed so that the pipe fits the ditch so as to minimize stresses and protect the pipe... pipe coating from equipment or from the backfill material. (c) All offshore pipe in water at least 12...

49 CFR 192.319 - Installation of pipe in a ditch.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... transmission line that is to be operated at a pressure producing a hoop stress of 20 percent or more of SMYS must be installed so that the pipe fits the ditch so as to minimize stresses and protect the pipe... pipe coating from equipment or from the backfill material. (c) All offshore pipe in water at least 12...

78 FR 10134 - Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan: Final Results of the Expedited Second Sunset Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-13

... Pipe From Japan: Final Results of the Expedited Second Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order... antidumping duty order on welded large diameter line pipe (line pipe) from Japan pursuant to section 751(c) of... Department initiated the sunset review of the antidumping duty order on line pipe from Japan pursuant to...

46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Process Piping Systems § 154.528 Piping joints: Flange type. (a) A flange must be one of the following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... less; or (3) Welding neck. (c) If the piping is designed for a temperature lower than −55 °C (−67 °F...

Eddy-Current Measurement Of Turning Or Curvature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chern, Engmin J.

1993-01-01

Rotatable conductive plate covers sensing coil to varying degree. Curvature of pipe at remote or otherwise inaccessible location inside pipe measured using relatively simple angular-displacement eddy-current probe. Crawler and sensor assemblies move along inside of pipe on wheels. Conductive plate pivots to follow curvature of pipe, partly covering one of eddy-current coils to degree depending on local curvature on pipe.

78 FR 79665 - Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube Products From Turkey: Final Results of Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-31

... Pipe and Tube Products From Turkey: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012... pipe and tube products (welded pipe and tube) from Turkey.\\1\\ The period of review (POR) is May 1, 2011... during the POR.\\2\\ \\1\\ See Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube Products from Turkey: Preliminary...

46 CFR 56.01-5 - Adoption of ASME B31.1 for power piping, and other standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES General § 56.01-5 Adoption of ASME B31.1 for power piping, and other standards. (a) Piping systems for ships and barges must be designed, constructed, and inspected in... subchapter. See 46 CFR 56.60-1(b) for the other adopted commercial standards applicable to piping systems...

Dynamics of the inlet system of a four-stroke engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boden, R H; Schecter, Harry

1944-01-01

Tests were run on a single-cylinder and a multicylinder four-stroke engine in order to determine the effect of the dynamics of the inlet system upon indicated mean effective pressure. Tests on the single-cylinder engine were made at various speeds, inlet valve timings, and inlet pipe lengths. These tests indicated that the indicated mean effective pressure could be raised considerably at any one speed by the use of a suitably long inlet pipe. Tests at other speeds with this length of pipe showed higher indicated mean effective pressure than with a very short pipe, although not so high as could be obtained with the pipe length adjusted for each speed. A general relation was discovered between optimum time of inlet valve closing and pipe length; namely, that longer pipes require later inlet valve closing in order to be fully effective. Tests were also made on three cylinders connected to a single pipe. With this arrangement, increased volumetric efficiency at low speed was obtainable by using a long pipe, but only with a sacrifice of volumetric efficiency at high speed. Volumetric efficiency at high speed was progressively lower as the pipe length was increased.

International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) Program. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilkowski, G.; Schmidt, R.; Scott, P.

1997-06-01

This is the final report of the International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) Program. The IPIRG Program was an international group program managed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and funded by a consortium of organizations from nine nations: Canada, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The program objective was to develop data needed to verify engineering methods for assessing the integrity of circumferentially-cracked nuclear power plant piping. The primary focus was an experimental task that investigated the behavior of circumferentially flawed piping systems subjected to high-rate loadings typical of seismic events. Tomore » accomplish these objectives a pipe system fabricated as an expansion loop with over 30 meters of 16-inch diameter pipe and five long radius elbows was constructed. Five dynamic, cyclic, flawed piping experiments were conducted using this facility. This report: (1) provides background information on leak-before-break and flaw evaluation procedures for piping, (2) summarizes technical results of the program, (3) gives a relatively detailed assessment of the results from the pipe fracture experiments and complementary analyses, and (4) summarizes advances in the state-of-the-art of pipe fracture technology resulting from the IPIRG program.« less

Refined pipe theory for mechanistic modeling of wood development.

PubMed

Deckmyn, Gaby; Evans, Sam P; Randle, Tim J

2006-06-01

We present a mechanistic model of wood tissue development in response to changes in competition, management and climate. The model is based on a refinement of the pipe theory, where the constant ratio between sapwood and leaf area (pipe theory) is replaced by a ratio between pipe conductivity and leaf area. Simulated pipe conductivity changes with age, stand density and climate in response to changes in allocation or pipe radius, or both. The central equation of the model, which calculates the ratio of carbon (C) allocated to leaves and pipes, can be parameterized to describe the contrasting stem conductivity behavior of different tree species: from constant stem conductivity (functional homeostasis hypothesis) to height-related reduction in stem conductivity with age (hydraulic limitation hypothesis). The model simulates the daily growth of pipes (vessels or tracheids), fibers and parenchyma as well as vessel size and simulates the wood density profile and the earlywood to latewood ratio from these data. Initial runs indicate the model yields realistic seasonal changes in pipe radius (decreasing pipe radius from spring to autumn) and wood density, as well as realistic differences associated with the competitive status of trees (denser wood in suppressed trees).

Study and Control of Scour below Pipelines under unidirectional flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kabiri, Shima; Hoseinzadeh Dalir, Ali

2016-04-01

Water and other fluids pipelines laid on sandy rivers and sea bed change flow pattern around pipelines. These changes increase the bed shear stress and the degree of confusion around the pipes and cause to create scour hole below the pipes. In this situation, the occurrence of scour below the pipelines may lead to instability, fracture and bending and even breakage where cause very severe economic and environmental harms eventually. In this research as well as studying of scour under the pipelines, the bed sill had been used as a new mechanism in order to reduce and control of scour. For this purpose, 3 pipes (smooth) with different diameters (D) were modelled in flow condition of PIC U/Uc=0.8-0.9 in the channel with 11m length, 25cm width and depth of 50 cm. Experiment has been performed in below 2 modes: 1) Scour below a smooth pipe without bed sill 2) Scour below a smooth pipe with bed sill. In the 2nd modes bed sill was located at 4 different distances (L=0,D/4,D/2,D) of downstream Of the pipe central axis. In the experiments bed sill was a barrier for spreading wake vortices and it controlled erosions of downstream. Results of this research indicated that whatever the distance of bed sill from central axis of pipe is less, there is the most influence in reducing the scour depth below pipe. In the case that bed sill had been located exactly under central axis of pipe, scour depth under pipe decreased about 100% Also in this situation with passing a long time from the beginning of examination, the pipe self-burial process occurred due to vortex creation in pipe downstream and relocation of particles toward pipe.

CONTECH(R) A-2000 polyvinyl chloride (PVC) plastic pipe.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-03-01

Determine the effectiveness and long-term durability of the Contech A-2000 PVC pipe : in an irrigation application. This type of pipe may prove to be a viable alternative to : reinforced concrete pipe (RCP).

46 CFR 119.430 - Engine exhaust pipe installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... prevent backflow of water from reaching engine exhaust ports under normal conditions. (d) Pipes used for... stresses resulting from the expansion of the exhaust piping. (g) A dry exhaust pipe must: (1) If it passes...

46 CFR 119.430 - Engine exhaust pipe installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... prevent backflow of water from reaching engine exhaust ports under normal conditions. (d) Pipes used for... stresses resulting from the expansion of the exhaust piping. (g) A dry exhaust pipe must: (1) If it passes...

Best practices for quality management of stormwater pipe construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Stormwater pipe systems are integral features of transportation construction projects. Pipe culverts : direct stormwater away from roadway structures and towards designated discharge areas. The improper : installation of a pipe culvert can result in ...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... strap attached by welding or bolting. (2) Two or more bolts that give metal to metal contact between the...

Off-axis cooling of rotating devices using a crank-shaped heat pipe

DOEpatents

Jankowski, Todd A.; Prenger, F. Coyne; Waynert, Joseph A.

2007-01-30

The present invention is a crank-shaped heat pipe for cooling rotating machinery and a corresponding method of manufacture. The crank-shaped heat pipe comprises a sealed cylindrical tube with an enclosed inner wick structure. The crank-shaped heat pipe includes a condenser section, an adiabatic section, and an evaporator section. The crank-shape is defined by a first curve and a second curve existing in the evaporator section or the adiabatic section of the heat pipe. A working fluid within the heat pipe provides the heat transfer mechanism.

Piping dynamics in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate: the Bieszczady Mts., the Eastern Carpathians

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernatek-Jakiel, Anita; Jakiel, Michał; Krzemień, Kazimierz

2017-04-01

Soil erosion is caused not only by overland flow, but also by subsurface flow. Piping which is a process of mechanical removal of soil particles by concentrated subsurface flow is frequently being overlooked and not accounted for in soil erosion studies. However, it seems that it is far more widespread than it has often been supposed. Furthermore, our knowledge about piping dynamics and its quantification currently relies on a limited number of data available for mainly loess-mantled areas and marl badlands. Therefore, this research aims to recognize piping dynamics in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate, where piping occurs in Cambisols, not previously considered as piping-prone soils. The survey was carried out in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment (305 ha), in the Bieszczady Mts. (the Eastern Carpathians, Poland), where 188 collapsed pipes were mapped. The research was based on the monitoring of selected piping systems located within grasslands (1971-1974, 2013-2016). The development of piping systems is mainly induced by the elongation of pipes and creation of new collapses (closed depressions and sinkholes), rather than by the enlargement of existing piping forms, or the deepening of pipes. It draws attention to the role of dense vegetation (grasslands) in the delay of pipe collapses and, also, to the boundary of pipe development (soil-bedrock interface). The obtained results reveal an episodic, and even stochastic nature of piping activity, expressed by varied one-year and short-term (3 years) erosion rates, and pipe elongation. Changes in soil loss vary significantly between different years (up to 27.36 t ha-1 y-1), reaching the rate of 1.34 t ha-1 y-1 for the 45-year study period. The elongation of pipes also differs, from no changes to 36 m during one year. The results indicate that soil loss due to piping can cause high soil loss even in highly vegetated lands (grasslands), which are generally considered as areas without a significant erosion problem. The scale of piping in the study area is at least by three orders of magnitude higher than surface erosion rates (i.e. sheet and rill erosion) under a similar land use (grasslands), and it is comparable to the scale of surface soil erosion on arable lands. It means that piping is an important sediment source for fluvial systems, and it leads to significant soil loss in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate. This study is supported by the National Science Centre of Poland, as a part of the first author's project - PRELUDIUM 3 (DEC-2012/05/N/ST10/03926). The first author was also granted the ETIUDA 3 doctoral scholarship (UMO-2015/16/T/ST10/00505) financed by the National Science Centre of Poland.

Corrosion potential analysis system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiefer, Karl F.

1998-03-01

Many cities in the northeastern U.S. transport electrical power from place to place via underground cables, which utilize voltages from 68 kv to 348 kv. These cables are placed in seamless steel pipe to protect the conductors. These buried pipe-type-cables (PTCs) are carefully designed and constantly pressurized with transformer oil to prevent any possible contamination. A protective coating placed on the outside diameter of the pipe during manufacture protects the steel pipe from the soil environment. Notwithstanding the protection mechanisms available, the pipes remain vulnerable to electrochemical corrosion processes. If undetected, corrosion can cause the pipes to leak transformer oil into the environment. These leaks can assume serious proportions due to the constant pressure on the inside of the pipe. A need exists for a detection system that can dynamically monitor the corrosive potential on the length of the pipe and dynamically adjust cathodic protection to counter local and global changes in the cathodic environment surrounding the pipes. The northeastern United States contains approximately 1000 miles of this pipe. This milage is critical to the transportation and distribution of power. So critical, that each of the pipe runs has a redundant double running parallel to it. Invocon, Inc. proposed and tested a technically unique and cost effective solution to detect critical corrosion potential and to communicate that information to a central data collection and analysis location. Invocon's solution utilizes the steel of the casing pipe as a communication medium. Each data gathering station on the pipe can act as a relay for information gathered elsewhere on the pipe. These stations must have 'smart' network configuration algorithms that constantly test various communication paths and determine the best and most power efficient route through which information should flow. Each network station also performs data acquisition and analysis tasks that ultimately determine the corrosion risk in a local area. The system has virtually no installation costs and can operate on battery power for at least two years.

­­Clastic Pipes on Mars: Evidence for a Near Surface Groundwater System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wheatley, D. F.; Chan, M. A.; Okubo, C. H.

2017-12-01

Clastic pipes, a type of vertical, columnar injectite, occur throughout the terrestrial stratigraphic record and are identified across many Martian terrains. Terrestrial pipe analogs can aid in identifying clastic pipes on Mars to understand their formation processes and their implications for a past near-surface groundwater system. On Earth, clastic pipes form through fluidization of overpressurized sediment. Fluidization occurs when the upward frictional (i.e., drag) forces of escaping fluids overpower the downward acting gravitational force. To create the forces necessary for pipe formation requires overpressurization of a body of water-saturated porous media overlain by a low permeability confining layer. As the pressure builds, the confining layer eventually fractures and the escaping fluids fluidize the porous sediment causing the sediment to behave like a fluid. These specific formation conditions record evidence of a violent release of fluid-suspended sediment including brecciation of the host and sealing material, internal outward grading/sorting that results in a coarser-grained commonly better cemented outer rind, traction structures, and a cylindrical geometry. Pipes form self-organized, dispersed spatial relationships due to the efficient diffusion of overpressured zones in the subsurface and the expulsion of sediment under pressure. Martian pipes occur across the northern lowlands, dichotomy boundary, and southern highlands in various forms of erosional relief ranging from newer eruption structures to eroded cylindrical/conical mounds with raised rims to highly eroded mounds/hills. Similar to terrestrial examples, Martian pipes form in evenly-spaced, self-organized arrangements. The pipes are typically internally massive with a raised outer rim (interpreted as a sorted, coarser-grained, better-cemented rim). This evidence indicates that Martian pipes formed through fluidization, which requires a near-surface groundwater system. Pipes create a window into the subsurface by excavating subsurface sediment and waters. After emplacement, pipes can also act as fluid conduits, channeling post-depositional fluid flow. The preferential porosity and flow paths may make the pipes an ideal exploration target for microbial life.

Crystal structures of resorcin[4]arene and pyrogallol[4]arene complexes with DL-pipecolinic acid. Model compounds for the recognition of the pipecolinyl ring, a key fragment of FK506, through C-H⋯π interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fujisawa, Ikuhide; Kitamura, Yuji; Kato, Ryo; Murayama, Kazutaka; Aoki, Katsuyuki

2014-01-01

Resorcin[4]arene (resorcinol cyclic tetramer, abbreviated as RCT) or pyrogallol[4]arene (pyrogallol cyclic tetramer, PCT) form host-guest 1:1 complexes with DL-pipecolinic acid (DL-pipeH), RCT·DL-pipeH·EtOH·8H2O (1), PCT DL-pipeH·EtOH·4H2O (2), and PCT·DL-pipeH·3H2O (3), whose crystal structures have been determined. In each complex, the pipeH ligand is incorporated into the bowl-shaped cavity of the RCT or PCT host molecules through C-H⋯π interactions between alkyl protons of the piperidine ring of pipeH and π-rings of RCT or PCT, forming an [(RCT/PCT)·pipeH] structural fragment. In 1 and 3, two [(RCT/PCT) pipeH] fragments self-associate across an inversion center to form a guest-mediated, obliquely declined dimeric structure [(RCT/PCT)·L-pipeH·D-pipeH (RCT/PCT)]. In 2, each PCT-capped pipeH ligand bridges to two adjacent PCT molecules to form guest-mediated, optically-discrete helical polymers [PCT·L-pipeH]n or [PCT·D-pipeH]n. An 1H NMR experiment shows that the complexation through C-H⋯π interaction between the piperidine ring of pipeH and π-rings of RCT or PCT occurs also in solution, with the binding constants of 9.7 ± 0.6 M-1 for RCT and 26.5 ± 1.5 M-1 for PCT. These complexes provide a synthetic model for the recognition of the pipecolinyl-ring moiety, a key constituent of immunosuppressant drugs such as FK506, FK520 or rapamycin, by their binding proteins through C-H⋯π interaction.

A heat receiver design for solar dynamic space power systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, Karl W.; Dustin, Miles O.; Crane, Roger

1990-01-01

An advanced heat pipe receiver designed for a solar dynamic space power system is described. The power system consists of a solar concentrator, solar heat receiver, Stirling heat engine, linear alternator and waste heat radiator. The solar concentrator focuses the sun's energy into a heat receiver. The engine and alternator convert a portion of this energy to electric power and the remaining heat is rejected by a waste heat radiator. Primary liquid metal heat pipes transport heat energy to the Stirling engine. Thermal energy storage allows this power system to operate during the shade portion of an orbit. Lithium fluoride/calcium fluoride eutectic is the thermal energy storage material. Thermal energy storage canisters are attached to the midsection of each heat pipe. The primary heat pipes pass through a secondary vapor cavity heat pipe near the engine and receiver interface. The secondary vapor cavity heat pipe serves three important functions. First, it smooths out hot spots in the solar cavity and provides even distribution of heat to the engine. Second, the event of a heat pipe failure, the secondary heat pipe cavity can efficiently transfer heat from other operating primary heat pipes to the engine heat exchanger of the defunct heat pipe. Third, the secondary heat pipe vapor cavity reduces temperature drops caused by heat flow into the engine. This unique design provides a high level of reliability and performance.

Effect on mechanical properties of glass reinforced epoxy (GRE) pipe filled with different geopolymer filler molarity for piping application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashim, M. F. Abu; Abdullah, M. M. A.; Ghazali, C. M. R.; Hussin, K.; Binhussain, M.

2017-04-01

This study investigated the use of a novel white clay geopolymer as a filler to produce high strength glass reinforced epoxy pipe. It was found that using white clay geopolymer as filler gives better compressive strength to the glass reinforced epoxy pipe. The disadvantages of current glass reinforced epoxy pipes such low compressive strength which can be replaced by the composite pipes. Geopolymerization is an innovative technology that can transform several aluminosilicate materials into useful products called geopolymers or inorganic polymers. A series of glass reinforced epoxy pipe and glass reinforced epoxy pipe filled with 10 - 40 weight percentages white clay geopolymer filler with 4 Molarity and 8 Molarity were prepared. Morphology of white clay geopolymer filler surface was indicates using scanning electron microscopy. The additions of white clay geopolymer filler for both 4 Molarity and 8 Molarity show higher compressive strength than glass reinforced epoxy pipe without any geopolymer filler. The compressive test of these epoxy geopolymer pipe samples was determined using Instron Universal Testing under compression mode. Nonetheless, the compressive strength of glass reinforced epoxy pipe with white clay geopolymer filler continues to drop when added to 40 wt% of the geopolymer filler loading for both 4 Molarity and 8 Molarity. These outcomes showed that the mixing of geopolymer materials in epoxy system can be attained in this research.

Attenuation characteristics of the leaky \\text{T}(0,1) mode guided wave propagating in piping coated with anticorrosion grease

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nishino, Hideo; Tateishi, Kohei; Ishikawa, Masashi; Furukawa, Takashi; Goka, Motoki

2018-07-01

Guided wave inspection is expected especially for buried piping because it can be applied easily to such piping requiring only its partial digging from the ground. However, in buried piping, the attenuation coefficient is extremely large compared with that in above-ground piping because the leaky \\text{T}(0,1) mode guided wave (LTGW) propagates in buried piping and its energy leaks into the adjacent surrounding material as a bulk shear wave. Petrolatum anticorrosion grease (PAG) is the most widely used as the coating material on the pipe surface before burying piping in sand or soil, which is a viscous material with a temperature-dependent shear wave velocity. In this paper, attenuation characteristics of the LTGW are shown theoretically and experimentally. The theoretical calculations explain very well the experimental results measured. The temperature dependence of the attenuation coefficient is discussed with the theoretical outcomes.

Spaceborne power systems preference analyses. Volume 2: Decision analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, J. H.; Feinberg, A.; Miles, R. F., Jr.

1985-01-01

Sixteen alternative spaceborne nuclear power system concepts were ranked using multiattribute decision analysis. The purpose of the ranking was to identify promising concepts for further technology development and the issues associated with such development. Four groups were interviewed to obtain preference. The four groups were: safety, systems definition and design, technology assessment, and mission analysis. The highest ranked systems were the heat-pipe thermoelectric systems, heat-pipe Stirling, in-core thermionic, and liquid-metal thermoelectric systems. The next group contained the liquid-metal Stirling, heat-pipe Alkali Metal Thermoelectric Converter (AMTEC), heat-pipe Brayton, liquid-metal out-of-core thermionic, and heat-pipe Rankine systems. The least preferred systems were the liquid-metal AMTEC, heat-pipe thermophotovoltaic, liquid-metal Brayton and Rankine, and gas-cooled Brayton. The three nonheat-pipe technologies selected matched the top three nonheat-pipe systems ranked by this study.

Different senescent HDPE pipe-risk: brief field investigation from source water to tap water in China (Changsha City).

PubMed

Tang, Jing; Tang, Lin; Zhang, Chang; Zeng, Guangming; Deng, Yaocheng; Dong, Haoran; Wang, Jingjing; Wu, Yanan

2015-10-01

Semi-volatile organic compounds (SVOCs) derived from plastic pipes widely used in water distribution definitely influence our daily drinking water quality. There are still few scientific or integrated studies on the release and degradation of the migrating chemicals in pipelines. This investigation was carried out at field sites along a pipeline in Changsha, China. Two chemicals, 2, 4-tert-buthylphenol and 1, 3-diphenylguanidine, were found to be migrating from high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe material. New pipes released more of these two compounds than older pipes, and microorganisms living in older pipes tended to degrade them faster, indicating that the aged pipes were safer for water transmission. Microorganism degradation in water plays a dominant role in the control of these substances. To minimize the potential harm to human, a more detailed study incorporating assessment of their risk should be carried out, along with seeking safer drinking pipes.

Heat pipe heat rejection system and demonstration model for the nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ernst, D. M.

1981-01-01

The critical evaluation and subsequent redesign of the power conversion subsystem of the spacecraft are covered. As part of that evaluation and redesign, prototype heat pipe components for the heat rejection system were designed fabricated and tested. Based on the results of these tests in conjunction with changing mission requirements and changing energy conversion devices, new system designs were investigated. The initial evaluation and redesign was based on state-of-the-art fabrication and assembly techniques for high temperature liquid metal heat pipes and energy conversion devices. The hardware evaluation demonstrated the validity of several complicated heat pipe geometries and wick structures, including an annular-to-circular transition, bends in the heat pipe, long heat pipe condensers and arterial wicks. Additionally, a heat pipe computer model was developed which describes the end point temperature profile of long radiator heat pipes to within several degrees celsius.

Storm hydrograph comparisons of subsurface pipe and stream channel discharge in a small, forested watershed in northern California

Treesearch

Jeffrey S. Albright

1992-01-01

The term piping has been used to describe subsurface erosion processes and concentrated subsurface water discharge. Physical features created by piping have been termed pipes. Piping can occur in natural landscapes due to individual or combined effects of mechanical (e.g., corrasion), chemical (e.g., soil dispersion), or biotic (e.g., animal burrowing) forces...

Analysis of Municipal Pipe Network Franchise Institution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yong, Sun; Haichuan, Tian; Feng, Xu; Huixia, Zhou

Franchise institution of municipal pipe network has some particularity due to the characteristic of itself. According to the exposition of Chinese municipal pipe network industry franchise institution, the article investigates the necessity of implementing municipal pipe network franchise institution in China, the role of government in the process and so on. And this offers support for the successful implementation of municipal pipe network franchise institution in China.

Lead Water Pipes and Infant Mortality at the Turn of the Twentieth Century

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Troesken, Werner

2008-01-01

In 1897, about half of all American municipalities used lead pipes to distribute water. Employing data from Massachusetts, this paper compares infant death rates in cities that used lead water pipes to rates in cities that used nonlead pipes. In the average town in 1900, the use of lead pipes increased infant mortality by 25 to 50 percent.…

High-Capacity Heat-Pipe Evaporator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oren, J. A.; Duschatko, R. J.; Voss, F. E.; Sauer, L. W.

1989-01-01

Heat pipe with cylindrical heat-input surface has higher contact thermal conductance than one with usual flat surface. Cylindrical heat absorber promotes nearly uniform flow of heat into pipe at all places around periphery of pipe, helps eliminate hotspots on heat source. Lugs in aluminum pipe carry heat from outer surface to liquid oozing from capillaries of wick. Liquid absorbs heat, evaporates, and passes out of evaporator through interlug passages.

Comparison of Cigarette and Water-Pipe Smoking By Arab and Non–Arab-American Youth

PubMed Central

Weglicki, Linda S.; Templin, Thomas N.; Rice, Virginia Hill; Jamil, Hikmet; Hammad, Adnan

2008-01-01

Background Water-pipe smoking is a rapidly growing form of tobacco use worldwide. Building on an earlier report of experimentation with cigarette and water-pipe smoking in a U.S. community sample of Arab-American youth aged 14–18 years, this article examines water-pipe smoking in more detail (e.g., smoking history, belief in harmfulness compared to cigarettes, family members in home who smoke water pipes) and compares the water-pipe–smoking behaviors of Arab-American youth with non–Arab-American youth in the same community. Methods A convenience sample of 1872 Arab-American and non–Arab-American high school students from the Midwest completed a 24-item tobacco survey. Data were collected in 2004–2005 and analyzed in 2007–2008. Results Arab-American youth reported lower percentages of ever cigarette smoking (20% vs 39%); current cigarette smoking (7% vs 22%); and regular cigarette smoking (3% vs 15%) than non–Arab-American youth. In contrast, Arab-American youth reported significantly higher percentages of ever water-pipe smoking (38% vs 21%) and current water-pipe smoking (17% vs 11%) than non–Arab-American youth. Seventy-seven percent perceived water-pipe smoking to be as harmful as or more harmful than cigarette smoking. Logistic regression showed that youth were 11.0 times more likely to be currently smoking cigarettes if they currently smoked water pipes. Youth were also 11.0 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers if they currently smoked cigarettes. If one or more family members smoked water pipes in the home, youth were 6.3 times more likely to be current water-pipe smokers. The effects of ethnicity were reduced as a result of the explanatory value of family smoking. Conclusions Further research is needed to determine the percentages, patterns, and health risks of water-pipe smoking and its relationship to cigarette smoking among all youth. Additionally, youth tobacco prevention/cessation programs need to focus attention on water-pipe smoking in order to further dispel the myth that water-pipe smoking is a safe alternative to cigarette smoking. PMID:18675529

Guided wave technique for non-destructive testing of StifPipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amjad, Umar; Yadav, Susheel K.; Nguyen, Chi H.; Ehsani, Mohammad; Kundu, Tribikram

2015-03-01

The newly-developed StifPipe® is an effective technology for repair and strengthening of existing pipes and culverts. The wall of this pipe consists of a lightweight honeycomb core with carbon or glass fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) applied to the skin. The presence of the hollow honeycomb introduces challenges in the nondestructive testing (NDT) of this pipe. In this study, it is investigated if guided waves, excited by PZT (Lead ZirconateTitanate) transducer can detect damages in the honeycomb layer of the StifPipe®. Multiple signal processing techniques are used for in-depth study and understanding of the recorded signals. The experimental technique for damage detection in StifPipe® material is described and the obtained results are presented in this paper.

Split and sealing of dislocated pipes at the front of a growing crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutkin, M. Yu.; Sheinerman, A. G.

2004-07-01

A model is suggested for the split of dislocated pipes at the front a growing crystal. Within the model, the pipe split occurs through the generation of a dislocation semi-loop at the pipe and crystal surfaces and its subsequent expansion into the crystal interior. The strain energy of such a dislocation semi-loop as well as the stress field of a dislocated pipe perpendicular to a flat crystal surface are calculated. The parameter regions are determined at which the expansion of the dislocation semi-loop is energetically favorable and, thus, the pipe split becomes irreversible. A mechanism is proposed for the formation of a stable semi-loop resulting in the split and possible subsequent overgrowth of the dislocated pipe.

Magnetic detection of underground pipe using timed-release marking droplets

DOEpatents

Powell, J.R.; Reich, M.

1996-12-17

A system and method are disclosed of detecting an underground pipe by injecting magnetic marking droplets into the underground pipe which coat the inside of the pipe and may be detected from aboveground by a magnetometer. The droplets include a non-adhesive cover which allows free flow through the pipe, with the cover being ablatable for the timed-release of a central core containing magnetic particles which adhere to the inside of the pipe and are detectable from aboveground. The rate of ablation of the droplet covers is selectively variable to control a free flowing incubation zone for the droplets and a subsequent deposition zone in which the magnetic particles are released for coating the pipe. 6 figs.

REDUCED COST SEWER PIPE RELINING USING ULTRASONIC TAPE LAMINATION - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

Water and sewerage pipe rehabilitation represents a critical and expensive infrastructure issue. Although systems currently are available for relining existing pipes and constructing new lined pipes, the proposed advanced technology will improve the quality while substantia...

41 CFR 102-41.210 - What are some examples of drug paraphernalia?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to... less; (g) Chamber pipes; (h) Carburetor pipes; (i) Electric pipes; (j) Air-driven pipes; (k) Chillums...

41 CFR 102-41.210 - What are some examples of drug paraphernalia?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... used to hold burning material, such as a marijuana cigarette, that has become too small or too short to... less; (g) Chamber pipes; (h) Carburetor pipes; (i) Electric pipes; (j) Air-driven pipes; (k) Chillums...

A test of theory of planned behavior in Korea: participation in alcohol-related social gatherings.

PubMed

Park, Hee Sun; Lee, Dong Wook

2009-12-01

Two studies are reported using the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to predict and explain joining and not joining alcohol-related social gatherings among Korean undergraduates in various engineering majors. Specifically, considering that the attitudinal component of TPB is behavioral-outcome-based, the current study investigated whether the outcomes of engaging in a behavior and of not engaging in a behavior would similarly predict intentions to engage in a behavior and intentions to not engage in a behavior. The current study also examined whether intentions to engage and intentions to not engage would be significantly related to self-reported behavior a week later. Participants in Study 1 reported TPB components (attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control, and behavioral intentions) concerning joining alcohol-related social gatherings. Participants in Study 2 reported TPB components concerning not joining alcohol-related social gatherings. Additionally, a week later, the participants in both studies reported their participation in alcohol-related social gatherings from the past week. Generally, the results showed that the TPB components were significantly associated with undergraduates' intentions to join and intentions to not join. Specifically, conversation-related attitudes and senior-junior relationship-related attitudes were significantly related to intentions to join, and only group-related attitudes were significantly related to intentions to not join. Intentions to join and intentions to not join were not significantly related to self-reported behavior of joining alcohol-related social gatherings a week later. The findings from the current research provide some evidence that joining or not joining alcohol-related social gatherings may not be mere behavioral opposites, predictable by the presence or absence of the same behavioral outcomes. These two aspects of the behavior may require assessment of different behavioral outcomes or different assessments of the same behavioral outcomes.

Experimental investigation and CFD simulation of multi-pipe earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHEs) flow performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amanowicz, Łukasz; Wojtkowiak, Janusz

2017-11-01

In this paper the experimentally obtained flow characteristics of multi-pipe earth-to-air heat exchangers (EAHEs) were used to validate the EAHE flow performance numerical model prepared by means of CFD software Ansys Fluent. The cut-cell meshing and the k-ɛ realizable turbulence model with default coefficients values and enhanced wall treatment was used. The total pressure losses and airflow in each pipe of multi-pipe exchangers was investigated both experimentally and numerically. The results show that airflow in each pipe of multi-pipe EAHE structures is not equal. The validated numerical model can be used for a proper designing of multi-pipe EAHEs from the flow characteristics point of view. The influence of EAHEs geometrical parameters on the total pressure losses and airflow division between the exchanger pipes can be also analysed. Usage of CFD for designing the EAHEs can be helpful for HVAC engineers (Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning) for optimizing the geometrical structure of multi-pipe EAHEs in order to save the energy and decrease operational costs of low-energy buildings.

Non-intrusive cooling system

DOEpatents

Morrison, Edward F.; Bergman, John W.

2001-05-22

A readily replaceable heat exchange cooling jacket for applying fluid to a system conduit pipe. The cooling jacket comprises at least two members, separable into upper and lower portions. A chamber is formed between the conduit pipe and cooling jacket once the members are positioned about the pipe. The upper portion includes a fluid spray means positioned above the pipe and the bottom portion includes a fluid removal means. The heat exchange cooling jacket is adaptable with a drain tank, a heat exchanger, a pump and other standard equipment to provide a system for removing heat from a pipe. A method to remove heat from a pipe, includes the steps of enclosing a portion of the pipe with a jacket to form a chamber between an outside surface of the pipe and the cooling jacket; spraying cooling fluid at low pressure from an upper portion of the cooling jacket, allowing the fluid to flow downwardly by gravity along the surface of the pipe toward a bottom portion of the chamber; and removing the fluid at the bottom portion of the chamber.

Fast reactor power plant design having heat pipe heat exchanger

DOEpatents

Huebotter, P.R.; McLennan, G.A.

1984-08-30

The invention relates to a pool-type fission reactor power plant design having a reactor vessel containing a primary coolant (such as liquid sodium), and a steam expansion device powered by a pressurized water/steam coolant system. Heat pipe means are disposed between the primary and water coolants to complete the heat transfer therebetween. The heat pipes are vertically oriented, penetrating the reactor deck and being directly submerged in the primary coolant. A U-tube or line passes through each heat pipe, extended over most of the length of the heat pipe and having its walls spaced from but closely proximate to and generally facing the surrounding walls of the heat pipe. The water/steam coolant loop includes each U-tube and the steam expansion device. A heat transfer medium (such as mercury) fills each of the heat pipes. The thermal energy from the primary coolant is transferred to the water coolant by isothermal evaporation-condensation of the heat transfer medium between the heat pipe and U-tube walls, the heat transfer medium moving within the heat pipe primarily transversely between these walls.

Fast reactor power plant design having heat pipe heat exchanger

DOEpatents

Huebotter, Paul R.; McLennan, George A.

1985-01-01

The invention relates to a pool-type fission reactor power plant design having a reactor vessel containing a primary coolant (such as liquid sodium), and a steam expansion device powered by a pressurized water/steam coolant system. Heat pipe means are disposed between the primary and water coolants to complete the heat transfer therebetween. The heat pipes are vertically oriented, penetrating the reactor deck and being directly submerged in the primary coolant. A U-tube or line passes through each heat pipe, extended over most of the length of the heat pipe and having its walls spaced from but closely proximate to and generally facing the surrounding walls of the heat pipe. The water/steam coolant loop includes each U-tube and the steam expansion device. A heat transfer medium (such as mercury) fills each of the heat pipes. The thermal energy from the primary coolant is transferred to the water coolant by isothermal evaporation-condensation of the heat transfer medium between the heat pipe and U-tube walls, the heat transfer medium moving within the heat pipe primarily transversely between these walls.

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

Pilot Test of Hot Gas Decontamination of Explosives-Contaminated Equipment at Hawthorne Army Ammunition Plant (HWAAP), Hawthorne, Nevada. Appendices. Revision

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

was used to spike the following items of equipment: 0 powder boxes o steam-heated risers o steam-heated discharge valves o steel pipe o aluminum pipe...expose it to the internal surfaces. For pipe ( aluminum and steel), one end of the pipe section was covered with parafilm wax. Spike solution was added...spike the following items of equipment: "o powder box "o steam-heated riser "o steam-heated discharge valve "O steel pipe "o aluminum pipe Prior to

Mathematical modeling of high and low temperature heat pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chi, S. W.

1971-01-01

Following a review of heat and mass transfer theory relevant to heat pipe performance, math models are developed for calculating heat-transfer limitations of high-temperature heat pipes and heat-transfer limitations and temperature gradient of low temperature heat pipes. Calculated results are compared with the available experimental data from various sources to increase confidence in the present math models. Complete listings of two computer programs for high- and low-temperature heat pipes respectively are included. These programs enable the performance to be predicted of heat pipes with wrapped-screen, rectangular-groove, or screen-covered rectangular-groove wick.

System and Method for Traversing Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graf, Jodi (Inventor); Pettinger, Ross (Inventor); Azimi, Shaun (Inventor); Magruder, Darby (Inventor); Ridley, Justin (Inventor); Lapp, Anthony (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A system and method is provided for traversing inside one or more pipes. In an embodiment, a fluid is injected into the one or more pipes thereby promoting a fluid flow. An inspection device is deployed into the one or more pipes at least partially filled with a flowing fluid. The inspection device comprises a housing wherein the housing is designed to exploit the hydrokinetic effects associated with a fluid flow in one or more pipes as well as maneuver past a variety of pipe configurations. The inspection device may contain one or more sensors capable of performing a variety of inspection tasks.

Determining the location of buried plastic water pipes from measurements of ground surface vibration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muggleton, J. M.; Brennan, M. J.; Gao, Y.

2011-09-01

‘Mapping the Underworld' is a UK-based project, which aims to create a multi-sensor device that combines complementary technologies for remote buried utility service detection and location. One of the technologies to be incorporated in the device is low-frequency vibro-acoustics, and techniques for detecting buried infrastructure, in particular plastic water pipes, are being investigated. One of the proposed techniques involves excitation of the pipe at some known location with concurrent vibrational mapping of the ground surface in order to infer the location of the remainder of the pipe. In this paper, measurements made on a dedicated pipe rig are reported. Frequency response measurements relating vibrational velocity on the ground to the input excitation were acquired. Contour plots of the unwrapped phase revealed the location of the pipe to within 0.1-0.2 m. Magnitude contour plots revealed the excitation point and also the location of the pipe end. By examining the unwrapped phase gradients along a line above the pipe, it was possible to identify the wave-type within the pipe responsible for the ground surface vibration. Furthermore, changes in the ground surface phase speed computed using this method enabled the location of the end of the pipe to be confirmed.

High Temperature Joining and Characterization of Joint Properties in Silicon Carbide-Based Composite Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Halbig, Michael C.; Singh, Mrityunjay

2015-01-01

Advanced silicon carbide-based ceramics and composites are being developed for a wide variety of high temperature extreme environment applications. Robust high temperature joining and integration technologies are enabling for the fabrication and manufacturing of large and complex shaped components. The development of a new joining approach called SET (Single-step Elevated Temperature) joining will be described along with the overview of previously developed joining approaches including high temperature brazing, ARCJoinT (Affordable, Robust Ceramic Joining Technology), diffusion bonding, and REABOND (Refractory Eutectic Assisted Bonding). Unlike other approaches, SET joining does not have any lower temperature phases and will therefore have a use temperature above 1315C. Optimization of the composition for full conversion to silicon carbide will be discussed. The goal is to find a composition with no remaining carbon or free silicon. Green tape interlayers were developed for joining. Microstructural analysis and preliminary mechanical tests of the joints will be presented.

Impact of vent pipe diameter on characteristics of waste degradation in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfill.

PubMed

Jiang, Guobin; Liu, Dan; Chen, Weiming; Ye, Zhicheng; Liu, Hong; Li, Qibin

2017-10-01

The evolution mechanism of a vent pipe diameter on a waste-stabilization process in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills was analyzed from the organic-matter concentration, biodegradability, spectral characteristics of dissolved organic matter, correlations and principal-component analysis. Waste samples were collected at different distances from the vent pipe and from different landfill layers in semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills with different vent pipe diameters. An increase in vent pipe diameter favored waste degradation. Waste degradation in landfills can be promoted slightly when the vent pipe diameter increases from 25 to 50 mm. It could be promoted significantly when the vent pipe diameter was increased to 75 mm. The vent pipe diameter is important in waste degradation in the middle layer of landfills. The dissolved organic matter in the waste is composed mainly of long-wave humus (humin), short-wave humus (fulvic acid) and tryptophan. The humification levels of the waste that was located at the center of vent pipes with 25-, 50- and 75-mm diameters were 2.2682, 4.0520 and 7.6419 Raman units, respectively. The appropriate vent pipe diameter for semi-aerobic bioreactor landfills with an 800-mm diameter was 75 mm. The effect of different vent pipe diameters on the degree of waste stabilization is reflected by two main components. Component 1 is related mainly to the content of fulvic acid, biologically degradable material and organic matter. Component 2 is related mainly to the content of tryptophan and humin from the higher vascular plants.

Geochemical soil sampling for deeply-buried mineralized breccia pipes, northwestern Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wenrich, K.J.; Aumente-Modreski, R. M.

1994-01-01

Thousands of solution-collapse breccia pipes crop out in the canyons and on the plateaus of northwestern Arizona; some host high-grade uranium deposits. The mineralized pipes are enriched in Ag, As, Ba, Co, Cu, Mo, Ni, Pb, Sb, Se, V and Zn. These breccia pipes formed as sedimentary strata collapsed into solution caverns within the underlying Mississippian Redwall Limestone. A typical pipe is approximately 100 m (300 ft) in diameter and extends upward from the Redwall Limestone as much as 1000 m (3000 ft). Unmineralized gypsum and limestone collapses rooted in the Lower Permian Kaibab Limestone or Toroweap Formation also occur throughout this area. Hence, development of geochemical tools that can distinguish these unmineralized collapse structures, as well as unmineralized breccia pipes, from mineralized breccia pipes could significantly reduce drilling costs for these orebodies commonly buried 300-360 m (1000-1200 ft) below the plateau surface. Design and interpretation of soil sampling surveys over breccia pipes are plagued with several complications. (1) The plateau-capping Kaibab Limestone and Moenkopi Formation are made up of diverse lithologies. Thus, because different breccia pipes are capped by different lithologies, each pipe needs to be treated as a separate geochemical survey with its own background samples. (2) Ascertaining true background is difficult because of uncertainties in locations of poorly-exposed collapse cones and ring fracture zones that surround the pipes. Soil geochemical surveys were completed on 50 collapse structures, three of which are known mineralized breccia pipes. Each collapse structure was treated as an independent geochemical survey. Geochemical data from each collapse feature were plotted on single-element geochemical maps and processed by multivariate factor analysis. To contrast the results between geochemical surveys (collapse structures), a means of quantifying the anomalousness of elements at each site was developed. This degree of anomalousness, named the "correlation value", was used to rank collapse features by their potential to overlie a deeply-buried mineralized breccia pipe. Soil geochemical results from the three mineralized breccia pipes (the only three of the 50 that had previously been drilled) show that: (1) Soils above the SBF pipe contain significant enrichment of Ag, Al, As, Ba, Ga, K, La, Mo, Nd, Ni, Pb, Sc, Th, U and Zn, and depletion in Ca, Mg and Sr, in contrast to soils outside the topographic and structural rim; (2) Soils over the inner treeless zone of the Canyon pipe show Mo and Pb enrichment anf As and Ga depletion, in contrast to soils from the surrounding forest; and (3) The soil survey of the Mohawk Canyon pipe was a failure because of the rocky terrane and lack of a B soil horizon, or because the pipe plunges. At least 11 of the 47 other collapse structures studied contain anomalous soil enrichments similar to the SBF uranium ore-bearing pipe, and thus have good potential as exploration targets for uranium. One of these 11, #1102, does contain surface mineralized rock. These surveys suggest that soil geochemical sampling is a useful tool for the recognition of many collapse structures with underlying ore-bearing breccia pipes. ?? 1994.

Syn- and post-eruptive volcanic processes in the Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, Yakutia, Russia, and implications for the emplacement of South African-style kimberlite pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurszlaukis, S.; Mahotkin, I.; Rotman, A. Y.; Kolesnikov, G. V.; Makovchuk, I. V.

2009-11-01

The Yubileinaya kimberlite pipe, with a surface area of 59 ha, is one of the largest pipes in the Yakutian kimberlite province. The Devonian pipe was emplaced under structural control into Lower Paleozoic karstic limestone. The pipe complex consists of several smaller precursor pipes which are cut by the large, round Main pipe. While the precursor pipes show many features typical for root zones, Main pipe is younger, cuts into the precursor pipes and exposes well-bedded volcaniclastic sediments. The maximum estimated erosion since emplacement is 250 m. Open pit mapping of a 180 m thick kimberlite sequence documents the waning phases of the volcanic activity in the kimberlite pipe and the onset of its crater infill by resedimentation. Three volcanic lithofacies types can be differentiated. The deepest and oldest facies type is a massive volcaniclastic rock ("AKB") only accessible in drill core. It is equivalent to Tuffisitic Kimberlite in South African pipes and thought to be related to the main volcanic phase which was characterized by violent explosions. The overlying lithofacies type comprises primary and resedimented volcaniclastic sediments as well as rock avalanche deposits sourced from the exposed maar crater collar. It represents the onset of sedimentation onto the crater floor during the waning phase of volcanic eruptions, where primary pyroclastic deposition was contemporaneous with resedimentation from the tephra wall and the widening maar crater. Ongoing volcanic activity is also testified by the presence of a vertical feeder conduit marking the area of the last volcanic eruption clouds piercing through the diatreme. This feeder conduit is overlain by the third and youngest lithofacies type which consists mainly of resedimented volcaniclastic material and lake beds. During the sedimentation of this facies, primary volcanic activity was only minor and finally absent and resedimentation processes dominated the crater infill. The Yubileinaya pipe complex exposes root zones, contact breccias as well as diatreme and crater infill sediments. It has all features typical of large South African-style pipes and much can be learned from Yubileinaya about the emplacement sequence and behaviour of these pipes. Emplacement of the pipe occurred over an extended time span with intermittent phases of volcanic quiescence and consolidation. The AKB reveals little direct evidence of what sort of emplacement process was dominant during the main period of volcanic activity. There is neither textural evidence that violent degassing of a juvenile gas phase has caused pipe excavation, nor that external water was present during the main phase of volcanic eruptions. However, there is clear evidence in rock textures that meteoric surface water was present during crater infill. Base surge deposits forming part of the bedded crater infill sequence indicate that water was present in the eruption clouds and, hence, the root zone of the pipe. There is no reason to assume that groundwater did not also have access to the ascending magma during the main phase of volcanic activity that excavated the pipe and formed the AKB.

75 FR 26273 - Certain Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe From China

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-11

... certain seamless carbon and alloy steel standard, line, and pressure pipe (``seamless SLP pipe... China of seamless SLP pipe, and that such products are being sold in the United States at less than fair...

46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

40 CFR 427.10 - Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... asbestos-cement pipe subcategory. 427.10 Section 427.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Asbestos-Cement Pipe Subcategory § 427.10 Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe...

40 CFR 427.10 - Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... asbestos-cement pipe subcategory. 427.10 Section 427.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Asbestos-Cement Pipe Subcategory § 427.10 Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe...

FIELD STUDIES OF IMPREGNATED CONCRETE PIPE

EPA Science Inventory

The follow-on study (initiated in June 1980) continued to monitor performance of 1,400 ft of impregnated concrete pipe installed in several Texas cities. The performance of concrete pipe has been compared with that of sulfur-impregnated concrete pipe; hydrofluoric acid (HF)-treat...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

Bag Test Measures Leakage From Insulated Pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schock, Kent D.; Easter, Barry P.

1994-01-01

Test quantifies leakage of gas from pipe even though pipe covered with insulation. Involves use of helium analyzer to measure concentration of helium in impermeable bag around pipe. Test administered after standard soap-solution bubble test indicates presence and general class of leakage.

Establishing a design procedure for buried steel-reinforced high-density polyethylene pipes : a field study, [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-11-01

Several national standards and specification have been developed for design, installation, : and materials for precast concrete pipe, corrugated metal pipe, and HDPE pipes. However, : no national accepted installation standard or design method is ava...

Pipe overpack container for trasuranic waste storage and shipment

DOEpatents

Geinitz, Richard R.; Thorp, Donald T.; Rivera, Michael A.

1999-01-01

A Pipe Overpack Container for transuranic waste storage and shipment. The system consists of a vented pipe component which is positioned in a vented, insulated 55 gallon steel drum. Both the vented pipe component and the insulated drum are capable of being secured to prevent the contents from leaving the vessel. The vented pipe component is constructed of 1/4 inch stainless steel to provide radiation shielding. Thus, allowing shipment having high Americium-241 content. Several Pipe Overpack Containers are then positioned in a type B, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved, container. In the current embodiment, a TRUPACT-II container was employed and a maximum of fourteen Pipe Overpack Containers were placed in the TRUPACT-II. The combination received NRC approval for the shipment and storage of transuranic waste.

Heat pipes for wing leading edges of hypersonic vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boman, B. L.; Citrin, K. M.; Garner, E. C.; Stone, J. E.

1990-01-01

Wing leading edge heat pipes were conceptually designed for three types of vehicle: an entry research vehicle, aero-space plane, and advanced shuttle. A full scale, internally instrumented sodium/Hastelloy X heat pipe was successfully designed and fabricated for the advanced shuttle application. The 69.4 inch long heat pipe reduces peak leading edge temperatures from 3500 F to 1800 F. It is internally instrumented with thermocouples and pressure transducers to measure sodium vapor qualities. Large thermal gradients and consequently large thermal stresses, which have the potential of limiting heat pipe life, were predicted to occur during startup. A test stand and test plan were developed for subsequent testing of this heat pipe. Heat pipe manufacturing technology was advanced during this program, including the development of an innovative technique for wick installation.

33 CFR 154.1026 - Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... BULK Response Plans for Oil Facilities § 154.1026 Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual. (a) The response plan must identify a qualified individual and at least one alternate who meet... implementation of the facility response plan; and (4) Be trained in the responsibilities of the qualified...

33 CFR 154.1026 - Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... BULK Response Plans for Oil Facilities § 154.1026 Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual. (a) The response plan must identify a qualified individual and at least one alternate who meet... implementation of the facility response plan; and (4) Be trained in the responsibilities of the qualified...

33 CFR 154.1026 - Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... BULK Response Plans for Oil Facilities § 154.1026 Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual. (a) The response plan must identify a qualified individual and at least one alternate who meet... implementation of the facility response plan; and (4) Be trained in the responsibilities of the qualified...

33 CFR 154.1026 - Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... BULK Response Plans for Oil Facilities § 154.1026 Qualified individual and alternate qualified individual. (a) The response plan must identify a qualified individual and at least one alternate who meet... implementation of the facility response plan; and (4) Be trained in the responsibilities of the qualified...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital system...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital system...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital system...

Defense Small Business Innovation Research Program (SBIR) Abstracts of Phase I Awards 1984.

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-04-16

PROTECTION OF SATELLITES FROM DIRECTED ENERGY WEAPONS, IS THE UTILIZATION OF HEAT PIPES WITHIN A SHIELD STRUCTURE. HEAT PIPES COULD BE DESIGNED TO...780 EDEN ROAD LANCASTER, PA 17601 ROBERT M. SHAUBACK TITLE: ANALYSIS AND PERFORMNCE EVALUATION OF HEAT PIPES WITH MULTIPLE HEAT SOURCES TOPIC: 97... PIPES CAPABLE OF ACCEPTING HEAT FROM MULTIPLE HEAT SOURCES. THERE IS NO THOROUGH ANALYTICAL OR EXPERIMENTAL BASIS FOR THE DESIGN OF HEAT PIPES OF

Experimental Testing and Modeling Analysis of Solute Mixing at Water Distribution Pipe Junctions

EPA Science Inventory

Flow dynamics at a pipe junction controls particle trajectories, solute mixing and concentrations in downstream pipes. Here we have categorized pipe junctions into five hydraulic types, for which flow distribution factors and analytical equations for describing the solute mixing ...

40 CFR 427.10 - Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... asbestos-cement pipe subcategory. 427.10 Section 427.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Asbestos-Cement Pipe Subcategory § 427.10 Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe...

40 CFR 427.10 - Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... asbestos-cement pipe subcategory. 427.10 Section 427.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Asbestos-Cement Pipe Subcategory § 427.10 Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe...

40 CFR 427.10 - Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... asbestos-cement pipe subcategory. 427.10 Section 427.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) ASBESTOS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Asbestos-Cement Pipe Subcategory § 427.10 Applicability; description of the asbestos-cement pipe...

LDEF transverse flat plate heat pipe experiment /S1005/. [Long Duration Exposure Facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, G. A., Jr.

1979-01-01

The paper describes the Transverse Flat Plate Heat Pipe Experiment. A transverse flat plate heat pipe is a thermal control device that serves the dual function of temperature control and mounting base for electronic equipment. In its ultimate application, the pipe would be a lightweight structure member that could be configured in a platform or enclosure and provide temperature control for large space structures, flight experiments, equipment, etc. The objective of the LDEF flight experiment is to evaluate the zero-g performance of a number of transverse flat plate heat pipe modules. Performance will include: (1) the pipes transport capability, (2) temperature drop, and (3) ability to maintain temperature over varying duty cycles and environments. Performance degradation, if any, will be monitored over the length of the LDEF mission. This information is necessary if heat pipes are to be considered for system designs where they offer benefits not available with other thermal control techniques, such as minimum weight penalty, long-life heat pipe/structural members.

The development of a practical pipe auto-routing system in a shipbuilding CAD environment using network optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Shin-Hyung; Ruy, Won-Sun; Jang, Beom Seon

2013-09-01

An automatic pipe routing system is proposed and implemented. Generally, the pipe routing design as a part of the shipbuilding process requires a considerable number of man hours due to the complexity which comes from physical and operational constraints and the crucial influence on outfitting construction productivity. Therefore, the automation of pipe routing design operations and processes has always been one of the most important goals for improvements in shipbuilding design. The proposed system is applied to a pipe routing design in the engine room space of a commercial ship. The effectiveness of this system is verified as a reasonable form of support for pipe routing design jobs. The automatic routing result of this system can serve as a good basis model in the initial stages of pipe routing design, allowing the designer to reduce their design lead time significantly. As a result, the design productivity overall can be improved with this automatic pipe routing system

Carboxyhaemoglobin levels in water-pipe and cigarette smokers.

PubMed

Theron, Ansa; Schultz, Cedric; Ker, James A; Falzone, Nadia

2010-01-29

Water-pipe smoking is growing in popularity, especially among young people, because of the social nature of the smoking session and the assumption that the effects are less harmful than those of cigarette smoking. It has however been shown that a single water-pipe smoking session produces a 24-hour urinary cotinine level equivalent to smoking 10 cigarettes per day. We aimed to measure carboxyhaemoglogin (COHb) blood levels before and after water-pipe and cigarette smoking sessions. Self-confessed smokers older than 18 years (N=30) volunteered to smoke a water-pipe or a cigarette and have their blood COHb levels measured under controlled conditions. Mean baseline COHb levels were 2.9% for the 15 cigarette smokers and 1.0% for the 15 water-pipe smokers. Levels increased by a mean of 481.7% in water-pipe smokers as opposed to 39.9% in cigarette smokers. The study demonstrated that water-pipe smokers had significantly higher increases in blood COHb levels than cigarette smokers during a single smoking session.

Heat pipe fatigue test specimen: Metallurgical evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walak, Steven E.; Cronin, Michael J.; Grobstein, Toni

1992-01-01

An innovative creep/fatigue test was run to simulate the temperature, mechanical load, and sodium corrosion conditions expected in a heat pipe designed to supply thermal energy to a Stirling cycle power converter. A sodium-charged Inconel 718 heat pipe with a Nickel 200 screen wick was operated for 1090 hr at temperatures between 950 K (1250 F) and 1050 K (1430 F) while being subjected to creep and fatigue loads in a servo-hydraulic testing machine. After testing, the heat pipe was sectioned and examined using optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron microprobe analysis with wavelength dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The analysis concentrated on evaluating topographic, microstructural, and chemical changes in the sodium exposed surfaces of the heat pipe wall and wick. Surface changes in the evaporator, condenser, and adiabatic sections of the heat pipe were examined in an effort to correlate the changes with the expected sodium environment in the heat pipe. This report describes the setup, operating conditions, and analytical results of the sodium heat pipe fatigue test.

Measurement of defect thickness of the wall thinning defect pipes by lock-in infrared thermography technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Kyeongsuk; Kim, Kyungsu; Jung, Hyunchul; Chang, Hosub

2010-03-01

Mostly piping which is using for the nuclear power plants are made up of carbon steel pipes. The wall thinning defects occurs by the effect of the flow accelerated corrosion of fluid that flows in carbon steel pipes. The defects could be found on the welding part and anywhere in the pipes. The infrared thermography technique which is one of the non-destructive testing method has used for detecting the defects of various kinds of materials over the years. There is a limitation for measuring the defect of metals that have a big coefficient of thermal diffusion. However, a technique using lock-in method gets over the difficulty. Consequently, the lock-in infrared thermography technique has been applied to the various industry fields. In this paper, the defect thickness of the straight pipe which has an artificial defect the inside of the pipes was measured by using the lock-in infrared thermography technique and the result could be utilized in detecting defects of carbon steel pipes.

Joining of graphene flakes by low energy N ion beam irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Xin; Zhao, Haiyan; Pei, Jiayun; Yan, Dong

2017-03-01

An approach utilizing low energy N ion beam irradiation is applied in joining two monolayer graphene flakes. Raman spectrometry and atomic force microscopy show the joining signal under 40 eV and 1 × 1014 cm-2 N ion irradiation. Molecular dynamics simulations demonstrate that the joining phenomenon is attributed to the punch-down effect and the subsequent chemical bond generation between the two sheets. The generated chemical bonds are made up of inserted ions (embedded joining) and knocked-out carbon atoms (saturation joining). The electronic transport properties of the joint are also calculated for its applications.

Precision Joining Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Powell, J. W.; Westphal, D. A.

1991-08-01

A workshop to obtain input from industry on the establishment of the Precision Joining Center (PJC) was held on July 10-12, 1991. The PJC is a center for training Joining Technologists in advanced joining techniques and concepts in order to promote the competitiveness of U.S. industry. The center will be established as part of the DOE Defense Programs Technology Commercialization Initiative, and operated by EG&G Rocky Flats in cooperation with the American Welding Society and the Colorado School of Mines Center for Welding and Joining Research. The overall objectives of the workshop were to validate the need for a Joining Technologists to fill the gap between the welding operator and the welding engineer, and to assure that the PJC will train individuals to satisfy that need. The consensus of the workshop participants was that the Joining Technologist is a necessary position in industry, and is currently used, with some variation, by many companies. It was agreed that the PJC core curriculum, as presented, would produce a Joining Technologist of value to industries that use precision joining techniques. The advantage of the PJC would be to train the Joining Technologist much more quickly and more completely. The proposed emphasis of the PJC curriculum on equipment intensive and hands-on training was judged to be essential.

Space Shuttle RCS Oxidizer Leak Repair for STS-26

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Delventhal, R. A.; Faget, N. M.

1989-01-01

Following propellant loading of the Space Shuttle's reaction control system (RCS) for mission STS 26, an oxidizer leak was detected in the left orbital maneuvering system (OMS) pod, where the RCS is located. Subsequent investigation determined that the leak was isolated at a mechanical Dynatube fitting near the RCS nitrogen tetroxide tank. An intense effort was initiated to design, fabricate, and qualify a sealing device to stop the oxidizer leak externally so that the Space Shuttle launch could proceed. It was discovered that sealing devices called clamshells were widely used throughout the petrochemical and power generation industries to stop leaks developed in large diameter pipes which carry steam or other hazardous fluids. These clamshells are available in different diameters and strengths and are placed around the pipe at the location of the leak. A sealing compound is then injected under high pressure into the clamshell to stop the leak. This technology was scaled down and applied to the problem of stopping the leak on the Orbiter, which was on a half-inch diameter line in a nearly inaccessible location. Many obstacles had to be overcome such as determining that the sealing material would be compatible with the nitrogen tetroxide and ensuring that the clamshell would actually fit around the Dynatube fitting without interfering with other lines which were in close proximity. The effort at the NASA Johnson Space Center included materials compatibility testing of several sealants, design of a clamshell to fit in the confined compartment, and manufacture and qualification of the flight hardware. A clamshell was successfully placed around the Dynatube fitting on the Orbiter and the oxidizer leak was terminated. Then it was decided to apply this technology further and design clamshells for other mechanical fittings onboard the Orbiter and develop sealing compounds which will be compatible with fuels such as monomethyl hydrazine (MMH). The potential exists for using this type of sealing device in numerous other applications throughout the aerospace industry.

Hydrogen Fire in a Storage Vessel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hester, Zena M.

2010-01-01

On October 23, 2007, the operations team began a procedure to sample the Liquid Hydrogen (LH2) storage vessels ("tanks"), and associated transfer system. This procedure was being performed to determine the conditions within the system, and if necessary, to purge the system of any excess Gaseous Hydrogen (GH2) in preparation for reactivation of the system. The system had not been used since 2003. The LH2 storage system contains two (2) spherical pressure vessels of 225,000 gallons in volume, with a maximum working pressure (MAWP) of 50 psig. Eight inch transfer piping connects them to the usage point. Operations began with activation of the burnstack for the LH2 storage area. Pneumatic (GN2) systems in the storage area were then activated and checked. Pressurization of storage tank number 1 with gaseous nitrogen (GN2) was initiated, with a target pressure of 10 psig, at which point samples were planned to be taken. At 5 psig, a loud noise was heard in the upper area of tank number 2. Smoke was seen exiting the burnstack and from the insulation on vent lines for both tanks. At this time tank number 1 was vented and the pressurization system was secured. The mishap resulted in physical damage to both storage tanks, as well as to some of the piping for both tanks. Corrective action included repair of the damaged hardware by a qualified contractor. Preventive action included documented organizational policy and procedures for establishing standby and mothball conditions for facilities and equipment, including provisions as detailed in the investigation report recommendations: Recommendation 1: The using organization should define necessary activities in order to place hydrogen systems in long term periods of inactivity. The defined activities should address requirements for rendering inert, isolation (i.e., physical disconnect, double block and bleed, etc.) and periodic monitoring. Recommendation 2: The using organization should develop a process to periodically monitor hazardous systems for proper configuration (i.e., a daily/weekly/monthly check sheet to verify critical purges are active).

Pressure Safety Program Implementation at ORNL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lower, Mark; Etheridge, Tom; Oland, C. Barry

2013-01-01

The Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL) is a US Department of Energy (DOE) facility that is managed by UT-Battelle, LLC. In February 2006, DOE promulgated worker safety and health regulations to govern contractor activities at DOE sites. These regulations, which are provided in 10 CFR 851, Worker Safety and Health Program, establish requirements for worker safety and health program that reduce or prevent occupational injuries, illnesses, and accidental losses by providing DOE contractors and their workers with safe and healthful workplaces at DOE sites. The regulations state that contractors must achieve compliance no later than May 25, 2007. According tomore » 10 CFR 851, Subpart C, Specific Program Requirements, contractors must have a structured approach to their worker safety and health programs that at a minimum includes provisions for pressure safety. In implementing the structured approach for pressure safety, contractors must establish safety policies and procedures to ensure that pressure systems are designed, fabricated, tested, inspected, maintained, repaired, and operated by trained, qualified personnel in accordance with applicable sound engineering principles. In addition, contractors must ensure that all pressure vessels, boilers, air receivers, and supporting piping systems conform to (1) applicable American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (2004) Sections I through XII, including applicable code cases; (2) applicable ASME B31 piping codes; and (3) the strictest applicable state and local codes. When national consensus codes are not applicable because of pressure range, vessel geometry, use of special materials, etc., contractors must implement measures to provide equivalent protection and ensure a level of safety greater than or equal to the level of protection afforded by the ASME or applicable state or local codes. This report documents the work performed to address legacy pressure vessel deficiencies and comply with pressure safety requirements in 10 CFR 851. It also describes actions taken to develop and implement ORNL’s Pressure Safety Program.« less

Effects assessment of 10 functioning years on the main components of the molten salt PCS experimental facility of ENEA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaggioli, Walter; Di Ascenzi, Primo; Rinaldi, Luca; Tarquini, Pietro; Fabrizi, Fabrizio

2016-05-01

In the frame of the Solar Thermodynamic Laboratory, ENEA has improved CSP Parabolic Trough technologies by adopting new advanced solutions for linear tube receivers and by implementing a binary mixture of molten salt (60% NaNO3 and 40% KNO3) [1] as both heat transfer fluid and heat storage medium in solar field and in storage tanks, thus allowing the solar plants to operate at high temperatures up to 550°C. Further improvements have regarded parabolic mirror collectors, piping and process instrumentation. All the innovative components developed by ENEA, together with other standard parts of the plant, have been tested and qualified under actual solar operating conditions on the PCS experimental facility at the ENEA Casaccia Research Center in Rome (Italy). The PCS (Prova Collettori Solari, i.e. Test of Solar Collectors) facility is the main testing loop built by ENEA and it is unique in the world for what concerns the high operating temperature and the fluid used (mixture of molten salt). It consists in one line of parabolic trough collectors (test section of 100 m long life-size solar collectors) using, as heat transfer fluid, the aforesaid binary mixture of molten salt up to 10 bar, at high temperature in the range 270° and 550°C and a flow rate up to 6.5 kg/s. It has been working since early 2004 [2] till now; it consists in a unique closed loop, and it is totally instrumented. In this paper the effects of over ten years qualification tests on the pressurized tank will be presented, together with the characterization of the thermal losses of the piping of the molten salt circuit, and some observations performed on the PCS facility during its first ten years of operation.

17 CFR 240.3b-8 - Definitions of “Qualified OTC Market Maker, Qualified Third Market Maker” and “Qualified Block...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Market Maker, Qualified Third Market Makerâ and âQualified Block Positionerâ. 240.3b-8 Section 240.3b-8... “Qualified Block Positioner”. For the purposes of Regulation U under the Act (12 CFR part 221): (a) The term... inventory turnover in such security. (c) The term Qualified Block Positioner means a dealer who (1) is a...

Experimental operation of a sodium heat pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holtz, R. E.; McLennan, G. A.; Koehl, E. R.

1985-05-01

This report documents the operation of a 28 in. long sodium heat pipe in the Heat Pipe Test Facility (HPTF) installed at Argonne National Laboratory. Experimental data were collected to simulate conditions prototypic of both a fluidized bed coal combustor application and a space environment application. Both sets of experiment data show good agreement with the heat pipe analytical model. The heat transfer performance of the heat pipe proved reliable over a substantial period of operation and over much thermal cycling. Additional testing of longer heat pipes under controlled laboratory conditions will be necessary to determine performance limitations and to complete the design code validation.

Heat pipes in space and on earth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ollendorf, S.

1978-01-01

The performance of heat pipes used in the thermal control system of spacecraft such as OAO-III and ATS-6 is discussed, and applications of heat pipes to permafrost stabilization on the Alaska Pipeline and to heat recovery systems are described. Particular attention is given to the ATS-6, launched in 1974, which employs 55 heat pipes to carry solar and internal power loads to radiator surfaces. In addition, experiments involving radiative cooling based on cryogenic heat pipes have been planned for the Long Duration Exposure Facility spacecraft and for Spacelab. The role of heat pipes in Space Shuttle heat rejection services is also mentioned.

Pipe crawler with stabilizing midsection

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W.T.; Treanor, R.C.

1994-12-27

A pipe crawler is described having a midsection that provides the stability and flexibility to allow the pipe crawler to negotiate curved and uneven segments of piping while traveling through piping systems. The pipe crawler comprises a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly, a midsection with a gimbal at each end for connecting the midsection to the front and rear leg assemblies in a flexible manner, and an air cylinder for changing the distance between the front and rear leg assemblies. The pipe crawler moves in ''inch worm'' fashion with the front and rear leg assemblies alternating between an extended and a retracted position as the air cylinder moves the retracted leg assembly forward. The midsection has a plurality of legs extending radially for holding the midsection within a maximum displacement from the piping axis so that the gimbals are not pivoted to extreme angles where they might lock up or seize. When the midsection is displaced sufficiently, its legs with wheels on each end engage the interior surface of the piping and prevent further displacement. Using two gimbals divides the angle between the planes defined by the front and rear leg assemblies which also helps to prevent excessive gimbal pivoting. 5 figures.

Altitude-wind-tunnel investigation of tail-pipe burning with a Westinghouse X24C-4B axial-flow turbojet engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fleming, William A; Wallner, Lewis E

1948-01-01

Thrust augmentation of an axial-flow type turbojet engine by burning fuel in the tail pipe has been investigated in the NACA Cleveland altitude wind tunnel. The performance was determined over a range of simulated flight conditions and tail-pipe fuel flows. The engine tail pipe was modified for the investigation to reduce the gas velocity at the inlet of the tail-pipe combustion chamber and to provide an adequate seat for the flame; four such modifications were investigated. The highest net-thrust increase obtained in the investigation was 86 percent with a net thrust specific fuel consumption of 2.91 and a total fuel-air ratio of 0.0523. The highest combustion efficiencies obtained with the four configurations ranged from 0.71 to 0.96. With three of the tail-pipe burners, for which no external cooling was provided, the exhaust nozzle and the rear part of the burner section were bright red during operation at high tail-pipe fuel-air ratios. With the tail-pipe burner for which fuel and water cooling were provided, the outer shell of the tail-pipe burner showed no evidence of elevated temperatures at any operating condition.

An inward striking free reed coupled to a cylindrical pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vines, Justin; Paquette, Ammon; Cottingham, James P.

2003-10-01

A number of acoustical measurements have made on a reed-pipe combination consisting of a harmonium-type reed from an American reed organ installed at the closed end of a cylindrical pipe. This configuration, which somewhat resembles the configuration of free-reed organ pipes, differs from the reed-pipe combination occurring in the mouth organs of Asia, which use symmetric (outward striking) free reeds and normally operate on both possible directions of airflow. Measurements have been made of the sounding frequency, amplitude of vibration of the reed tongue, and the sound spectrum. Of particular interest is the degree to which the reed frequency can be altered by altering the pipe length, and hence the pipe resonance frequency. In this case the sounding frequency can be pulled considerably below the natural frequency of the reed. These results can be compared with the results of similar measurements on free-reed organ pipes [J. Braasch, C. Ahrens, J. P. Cottingham, and T. D. Rossing, Fortschr. Akust., DAGA (2000)]. In addition, some interesting ``special effects'' have been studied, which can be obtained using unusual pipe lengths and blowing in the ``wrong'' direction. [Work supported by the NSF from REU Grant No. 0139096.

Microbiology, chemistry and biofilm development in a pilot drinking water distribution system with copper and plastic pipes.

PubMed

Lehtola, Markku J; Miettinen, Ilkka T; Keinänen, Minna M; Kekki, Tomi K; Laine, Olli; Hirvonen, Arja; Vartiainen, Terttu; Martikainen, Pertti J

2004-10-01

We studied the changes in water quality and formation of biofilms occurring in a pilot-scale water distribution system with two generally used pipe materials: copper and plastic (polyethylene, PE). The formation of biofilms with time was analysed as the number of total bacteria, heterotrophic plate counts and the concentration of ATP in biofilms. At the end of the experiment (after 308 days), microbial community structure, viable biomass and gram-negative bacterial biomass were analysed via lipid biomarkers (phospholipid fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide 3-hydroxy fatty acids), and the numbers of virus-like particles and total bacteria were enumerated by SYBR Green I staining. The formation of biofilm was slower in copper pipes than in the PE pipes, but after 200 days there was no difference in microbial numbers between the pipe materials. Copper ion led to lower microbial numbers in water during the first 200 days, but thereafter there were no differences between the two pipe materials. The number of virus-like particles was lower in biofilms and in outlet water from the copper pipes than PE pipes. Pipe material influenced also the microbial and gram-negative bacterial community structure in biofilms and water.

Pipe crawler with stabilizing midsection

DOEpatents

Zollinger, William T.; Treanor, Richard C.

1994-01-01

A pipe crawler having a midsection that provides the stability and flexibty to allow the pipe crawler to negotiate curved and uneven segments of piping while traveling through piping systems. The pipe crawler comprises a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly, a midsection with a gimbal at each end for connecting the midsection to the front and rear leg assemblies in a flexible manner, and an air cylinder for changing the distance between the front and rear leg assemblies. The pipe crawler moves in "inch worm" fashion with the front and rear leg assemblies alternating between an extended and a retracted position as the air cylinder moves the retracted leg assembly forward. The midsection has a plurality of legs extending radially for holding the midsection within a maximum displacement from the piping axis so that the gimbals are not pivoted to extreme angles where they might lock up or seize. When the midsection is displaced sufficiently, its legs with wheels on each end engage the interior surface of the piping and prevent further displacement. Using two gimbals divides the angle between the planes defined by the front and rear leg assemblies which also helps to prevent excessive gimbal pivoting.

Pipe crawler with stabilizing midsection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zollinger, W.T.; Treanor, R.C.

1993-09-20

This invention is comprised of a pipe crawler having a midsection that provides the stability and flexibility to allow the pipe crawler to negotiate curved and uneven segments of piping while traveling through piping systems. The pipe crawler comprises a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly, a midsection with a gimbal at each end for connecting the midsection to the front and rear leg assemblies in a flexible manner, and an air cylinder for changing the distance between the front and rear leg assemblies. The pipe crawler moves in ``inch worm`` fashion with the front and rear leg assembliesmore » alternating between an extended and a retracted position as the air cylinder moves the retracted leg assembly forward. The midsection has a plurality of legs extending radially for holding the midsection within a maximum displacement from the piping axis so that the gimbals are not pivoted to extreme angles where they might lock up or seize. When the midsection is displaced sufficiently, its legs with wheels on each end engage the interior surface of the piping and prevent further displacement. Using two gimbals divides the angle between the planes defined by the front and rear leg assemblies which also helps to prevent excessive gimbal pivoting.« less

Pipe crawler with stabilizing midsection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zollinger, W.T.; Treanor, R.C.

1994-12-27

A pipe crawler is described having a midsection that provides the stability and flexibility to allow the pipe crawler to negotiate curved and uneven segments of piping while traveling through piping systems. The pipe crawler comprises a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly, a midsection with a gimbal at each end for connecting the midsection to the front and rear leg assemblies in a flexible manner, and an air cylinder for changing the distance between the front and rear leg assemblies. The pipe crawler moves in ''inch worm'' fashion with the front and rear leg assemblies alternating between anmore » extended and a retracted position as the air cylinder moves the retracted leg assembly forward. The midsection has a plurality of legs extending radially for holding the midsection within a maximum displacement from the piping axis so that the gimbals are not pivoted to extreme angles where they might lock up or seize. When the midsection is displaced sufficiently, its legs with wheels on each end engage the interior surface of the piping and prevent further displacement. Using two gimbals divides the angle between the planes defined by the front and rear leg assemblies which also helps to prevent excessive gimbal pivoting. 5 figures.« less

Thermostructural applications of heat pipes for cooling leading edges of high-speed aerospace vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Camarda, Charles J.; Glass, David E.

1992-01-01

Heat pipes have been considered for use on wing leading edge for over 20 years. Early concepts envisioned metal heat pipes cooling a metallic leading edge. Several superalloy/sodium heat pipes were fabricated and successfully tested for wing leading edge cooling. Results of radiant heat and aerothermal testing indicate the feasibility of using heat pipes to cool the stagnation region of shuttle-type space transportation systems. The test model withstood a total seven radiant heating tests, eight aerothermal tests, and twenty-seven supplemental radiant heating tests. Cold-wall heating rates ranged from 21 to 57 Btu/sq ft-s and maximum operating temperatures ranged from 1090 to 1520 F. Follow-on studies investigated the application of heat pipes to cool the stagnation regions of single-stage-to-orbit and advanced shuttle vehicles. Results of those studies indicate that a 'D-shaped' structural design can reduce the mass of the heat-pipe concept by over 44 percent compared to a circular heat-pipe geometry. Simple analytical models for heat-pipe startup from the frozen state (working fluid initially frozen) were adequate to approximate transient, startup, and steady-state heat-pipe performance. Improvement in analysis methods has resulted in the development of a finite-element analysis technique to predict heat-pipe startup from the frozen state. However, current requirements of light-weight design and reliability suggest that metallic heat pipes embedded in a refractory composite material should be used. This concept is the concept presently being evaluated for NASP. A refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled wing leading edge is currently being considered for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP). This concept uses high-temperature refractory-metal/lithium heat pipes embedded within a refractory-composite structure and is significantly lighter than an actively cooled wing leading edge because it eliminates the need for active cooling during ascent and descent. Since the NASP vehicle uses cryogenic hydrogen to cool structural components and then burns this fuel in the combustor, hydrogen necessary for descent cooling only, when the vehicle is unpowered, is considered to be a weight penalty. Details of the design of the refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled wing leading edge are currently being investigated. Issues such as thermal contact resistance and thermal stress are also being investigated.

Thermostructural applications of heat pipes for cooling leading edges of high-speed aerospace vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camarda, Charles J.; Glass, David E.

1992-10-01

Heat pipes have been considered for use on wing leading edge for over 20 years. Early concepts envisioned metal heat pipes cooling a metallic leading edge. Several superalloy/sodium heat pipes were fabricated and successfully tested for wing leading edge cooling. Results of radiant heat and aerothermal testing indicate the feasibility of using heat pipes to cool the stagnation region of shuttle-type space transportation systems. The test model withstood a total seven radiant heating tests, eight aerothermal tests, and twenty-seven supplemental radiant heating tests. Cold-wall heating rates ranged from 21 to 57 Btu/sq ft-s and maximum operating temperatures ranged from 1090 to 1520 F. Follow-on studies investigated the application of heat pipes to cool the stagnation regions of single-stage-to-orbit and advanced shuttle vehicles. Results of those studies indicate that a 'D-shaped' structural design can reduce the mass of the heat-pipe concept by over 44 percent compared to a circular heat-pipe geometry. Simple analytical models for heat-pipe startup from the frozen state (working fluid initially frozen) were adequate to approximate transient, startup, and steady-state heat-pipe performance. Improvement in analysis methods has resulted in the development of a finite-element analysis technique to predict heat-pipe startup from the frozen state. However, current requirements of light-weight design and reliability suggest that metallic heat pipes embedded in a refractory composite material should be used. This concept is the concept presently being evaluated for NASP. A refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled wing leading edge is currently being considered for the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP). This concept uses high-temperature refractory-metal/lithium heat pipes embedded within a refractory-composite structure and is significantly lighter than an actively cooled wing leading edge because it eliminates the need for active cooling during ascent and descent. Since the NASP vehicle uses cryogenic hydrogen to cool structural components and then burns this fuel in the combustor, hydrogen necessary for descent cooling only, when the vehicle is unpowered, is considered to be a weight penalty. Details of the design of the refractory-composite/heat-pipe-cooled wing leading edge are currently being investigated. Issues such as thermal contact resistance and thermal stress are also being investigated.

40 CFR Appendix B to Subpart S of... - Test Procedures

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... percent or the vehicle's engine stalls at any time during the test sequence. (4) Multiple exhaust pipes. Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle engines equipped with multiple exhaust pipes shall be sampled... pipes. Exhaust gas concentrations from vehicle engines equipped with multiple exhaust pipes shall be...

46 CFR 154.516 - Piping: Hull protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping: Hull protection. 154.516 Section 154.516 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY... and Process Piping Systems § 154.516 Piping: Hull protection. A vessel's hull must be protected from...

Underground pipeline laying using the pipe-in-pipe system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antropova, N.; Krets, V.; Pavlov, M.

2016-09-01

The problems of resource saving and environmental safety during the installation and operation of the underwater crossings are always relevant. The paper describes the existing methods of trenchless pipeline technology, the structure of multi-channel pipelines, the types of supporting and guiding systems. The rational design is suggested for the pipe-in-pipe system. The finite element model is presented for the most dangerous sections of the inner pipes, the optimum distance is detected between the roller supports.

Dynamics of heat-pipe reactors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Niederauer, G. F.

1971-01-01

A split-core heat pipe reactor, fueled with either U(233)C or U(235)C in a tungsten cermet and cooled by 7-Li-W heat pipes, was examined for the effects of the heat pipes on reactor while trying to safely absorb large reactivity inputs through inherent shutdown mechanisms. Limits on ramp reactivity inputs due to fuel melting temperature and heat pipe wall heat flux were mapped for the reactor in both startup and at-power operating modes.

Cold Start of a Radiator Equipped with Titanium-Water Heat Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaworske, Donald A.; Sanzi, James L.; Siamidis, John

2008-01-01

Radiator panels utilizing titanium-water heat pipes are being considered for lunar applications. A traditional sandwich structure is envisioned where heat pipes are embedded between two high thermal conductivity face sheets. The heat pipe evaporators are to be thermally connected to the heat source through one or more manifolds containing coolant. Initial radiator operation on the lunar surface would likely follow a cold soak where the water in the heat pipes is purposely frozen. To achieve heat pipe operation, it will be necessary to thaw the heat pipes. One option is to allow the sunlight impinging on the surface at sunrise to achieve this goal. Testing was conducted in a thermal vacuum chamber to simulate the lunar sunrise and additional modeling was conducted to identify steady-state and transient response. It was found that sunlight impinging on the radiator surface at sunrise was insufficient to solely achieve the goal of thawing the water in the heat pipes. However, starting from a frozen condition was accomplished successfully by applying power to the evaporators. Start up in this fashion was demonstrated without evaporator dryout. Concern is raised over thawing thermosyphons, vertical heat pipes operating in a gravity field, with no wick in the condenser section. This paper presents the results of the simulated cold start study and identifies future work to support radiator panels equipped with titanium-water heat pipes.

Small, Untethered, Mobile Robots for Inspecting Gas Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilcox, Brian

2003-01-01

Small, untethered mobile robots denoted gas-pipe explorers (GPEXs) have been proposed for inspecting the interiors of pipes used in the local distribution natural gas. The United States has network of gas-distribution pipes with a total length of approximately 109 m. These pipes are often made of iron and steel and some are more than 100 years old. As this network ages, there is a need to locate weaknesses that necessitate repair and/or preventive maintenance. The most common weaknesses are leaks and reductions in thickness, which are caused mostly by chemical reactions between the iron in the pipes and various substances in soil and groundwater. At present, mobile robots called pigs are used to inspect and clean the interiors of gas-transmission pipelines. Some carry magnetic-flux-leakage (MFL) sensors for measuring average wall thicknesses, some capture images, and some measure sizes and physical conditions. The operating ranges of pigs are limited to fairly straight sections of wide transmission- type (as distinguished from distribution- type) pipes: pigs are too large to negotiate such obstacles as bends with radii comparable to or smaller than pipe diameters, intrusions of other pipes at branch connections, and reductions in diameter at valves and meters. The GPEXs would be smaller and would be able to negotiate sharp bends and other obstacles that typically occur in gas-distribution pipes.

Modeling benzene permeation through drinking water high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes.

PubMed

Mao, Feng; Ong, Say Kee; Gaunt, James A

2015-09-01

Organic compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethyl benzene and o-, m-, and p-xylene from contaminated soil and groundwater may permeate through thermoplastic pipes which are used for the conveyance of drinking water in water distribution systems. In this study, permeation parameters of benzene in 25 mm (1 inch) standard inside dimension ratio (SIDR) 9 high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipes were estimated by fitting the measured data to a permeation model based on a combination of equilibrium partitioning and Fick's diffusion. For bulk concentrations between 6.0 and 67.5 mg/L in soil pore water, the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients of benzene were found to range from 2.0×10(-9) to 2.8×10(-9) cm2/s while the solubility coefficient was determined to be 23.7. The simulated permeation curves of benzene for SIDR 9 and SIDR 7 series of HDPE pipes indicated that small diameter pipes were more vulnerable to permeation of benzene than large diameter pipes, and the breakthrough of benzene into the HDPE pipe was retarded and the corresponding permeation flux decreased with an increase of the pipe thickness. HDPE pipes exposed to an instantaneous plume exhibited distinguishable permeation characteristics from those exposed to a continuous source with a constant input. The properties of aquifer such as dispersion coefficients (DL) also influenced the permeation behavior of benzene through HDPE pipes.

Conjoint Forming - Technologies for Simultaneous Forming and Joining

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groche, P.; Wohletz, S.; Mann, A.; Krech, M.; Monnerjahn, V.

2016-03-01

The market demand for new products optimized for e. g. lightweight applications or smart components leads to new challenges in production engineering. Hybrid structures represent one promising approach. They aim at higher product performance by using a suitable combination of different materials. The developments of hybrid structures stimulate the research on joining of dissimilar materials. Since they allow for joining dissimilar materials without external heating technologies based on joining by plastic deformation seem to be of special attractiveness. The paper at hand discusses the conjoint forming approach. This approach combines forming and joining in one process. Two or more workpieces are joined while at least one workpiece is plastically deformed. After presenting the fundamental joining mechanisms, the conjoint forming approach is discussed comprehensively. Examples of conjoint processes demonstrate the effectiveness and reveal the underlying phenomena.

Sodium heat pipe use in solar Stirling power conversion systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmerman, W. F.; Divakaruni, S. M.; Won, Y. S.

1980-08-01

Sodium heat pipes were selected for use as a thermal transport method in a focus-mounted, distributed concentrator solar Stirling power conversion system intended to produce 15-20 kWe per unit. Heat pipes were used both to receive thermal power in the solar receiver and to transmit it to a secondary heat pipe containing both latent heat salt (for up to 1.25 hours of thermal storage) and the heat exchanger of the Stirling engine. Experimental tests were performed on five solar receiver heat pipes with various internal wicking configurations. The performance of the heat pipes at various power levels and operating attitudes was investigated at temperatures near 1550 F; the unidirectional heat transfer in these heat pipes was demonstrated in normal operating attitudes and particularly in the inverted position required during overnight stowage of the concentrator.

Testing of a single graded groove variable conductance heat pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kapolnek, Michael R.; Holmes, H. R.; Hager, Brian

1992-07-01

Variable conductance heat pipes (VCHPs) with transport capacities in the 50,000 to 100,000 Watt-inch range will be required to transport the large heat loads anticipated for advanced spacecraft. A high-reliability, nonarterial constant conductance heat pipe with this capacity, the Single Graded Groove (SGG) heat pipe, was developed for NASA's Space Station Freedom. The design and testing of a variable conductance SGG heat pipe are described. Response of the pipe to startup and heat load changes was excellent. After correcting for condenser temperature changes, the evaporator temperature varied by only +/- 4 F for large evaporator heat load changes. The surface tension difference between ends of the gas blocked region was found to measurably affect the performance of the pipe. Performance was negligibly affected by Marangoni flow in the gas blocked region.

Sodium heat pipe use in solar Stirling power conversion systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, W. F.; Divakaruni, S. M.; Won, Y. S.

1980-01-01

Sodium heat pipes were selected for use as a thermal transport method in a focus-mounted, distributed concentrator solar Stirling power conversion system intended to produce 15-20 kWe per unit. Heat pipes were used both to receive thermal power in the solar receiver and to transmit it to a secondary heat pipe containing both latent heat salt (for up to 1.25 hours of thermal storage) and the heat exchanger of the Stirling engine. Experimental tests were performed on five solar receiver heat pipes with various internal wicking configurations. The performance of the heat pipes at various power levels and operating attitudes was investigated at temperatures near 1550 F; the unidirectional heat transfer in these heat pipes was demonstrated in normal operating attitudes and particularly in the inverted position required during overnight stowage of the concentrator.

Pipe overpack container for transuranic waste storage and shipment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geinitz, R.R.; Thorp, D.T.; Rivera, M.A.

1999-12-07

A Pipe Overpack Container is described for transuranic waste storage and shipment. The system consists of a vented pipe component which is positioned in a vented, insulated 55 gallon steel drum. Both the vented pipe component and the insulated drum are capable of being secured to prevent the contents from leaving the vessel. The vented pipe component is constructed of 1/4 inch stainless steel to provide radiation shielding, thus allowing shipment having high Americium-241 content. Several Pipe Overpack Containers are then positioned in a type B, Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approved, container. In the current embodiment, a TRUPACT-II container wasmore » employed and a maximum of fourteen Pipe Overpack Containers were placed in the TRUPACT-II. The combination received NRC approval for the shipment and storage of transuranic waste.« less

Magnetic detection of underground pipe using timed-release marking droplets

DOEpatents

Powell, James R.; Reich, Morris

1996-12-17

A system 10 and method of detecting an underground pipe 12 injects magnetic marking droplets 16 into the underground pipe 12 which coat the inside of the pipe 12 and may be detected from aboveground by a magnetometer 28. The droplets 16 include a non-adhesive cover 32 which allows free flow thereof through the pipe 12, with the cover 32 being ablatable for the timed-release of a central core 30 containing magnetic particles 30a which adhere to the inside of the pipe 12 and are detectable from aboveground. The rate of ablation of the droplet covers 32 is selectively variable to control a free flowing incubation zone 12a for the droplets 16 and a subsequent deposition zone 12b in which the magnetic particles 30a are released for coating the pipe 12.

Multifactorial Resistance of Bacillus subtilis Spores to High-Energy Proton Radiation: Role of Spore Structural Components and the Homologous Recombination and Non-Homologous End Joining DNA Repair Pathways

PubMed Central

Reitz, Günther; Li, Zuofeng; Klein, Stuart; Nicholson, Wayne L.

2012-01-01

Abstract The space environment contains high-energy charged particles (e.g., protons, neutrons, electrons, α-particles, heavy ions) emitted by the Sun and galactic sources or trapped in the radiation belts. Protons constitute the majority (87%) of high-energy charged particles. Spores of Bacillus species are one of the model systems used for astro- and radiobiological studies. In this study, spores of different Bacillus subtilis strains were used to study the effects of high energetic proton irradiation on spore survival. Spores of the wild-type B. subtilis strain [mutants deficient in the homologous recombination (HR) and non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) DNA repair pathways and mutants deficient in various spore structural components such as dipicolinic acid (DPA), α/β-type small, acid-soluble spore protein (SASP) formation, spore coats, pigmentation, or spore core water content] were irradiated as air-dried multilayers on spacecraft-qualified aluminum coupons with 218 MeV protons [with a linear energy transfer (LET) of 0.4 keV/μm] to various final doses up to 2500 Gy. Spores deficient in NHEJ- and HR-mediated DNA repair were significantly more sensitive to proton radiation than wild-type spores, indicating that both HR and NHEJ DNA repair pathways are needed for spore survival. Spores lacking DPA, α/β-type SASP, or with increased core water content were also significantly more sensitive to proton radiation, whereas the resistance of spores lacking pigmentation or spore coats was essentially identical to that of the wild-type spores. Our results indicate that α/β-type SASP, core water content, and DPA play an important role in spore resistance to high-energy proton irradiation, suggesting their essential function as radioprotectants of the spore interior. Key Words: Bacillus—Spores—DNA repair—Protection—High-energy proton radiation. Astrobiology 12, 1069–1077. PMID:23088412

Unsafe sexual behaviour in domestic and foreign migrant male workers in multinational workplaces in Jordan: occupational-based and behavioural assessment survey

PubMed Central

Al Rifai, Rami; Nakamura, Keiko; Seino, Kaoruko; Kizuki, Masashi; Morita, Ayako

2015-01-01

Objectives To examine the prevalence of unsafe sexual behaviour, sexually transmitted infection (STI)-related knowledge, health and work-related conditions, and correlates of practising unsafe sex among domestic and foreign male workers in multinational workplaces in Jordan. Design Cross-sectional behavioural assessment survey. Setting Multinational workplaces in Jordan. Participants 230 Jordanian and 480 foreign male workers aged ≥18 years who had worked in a Qualified Industrial Zone (QIZ) for 12 months or more. Outcomes The primary outcome was the prevalence of practising unsafe sex. ‘Unsafe sex’ was defined as sex with a non-regular sexual partner with inconsistent condom usage. Results Overall, 74.3% of workers reported lifetime sexual experience. The proportion of lifetime unsafe sex was similar among domestic (31.8%) and foreign (35.6%) workers. Of those, 59.2% of domestic and 68.1% of foreign workers started practising unsafe sex after joining the QIZ. Rates of lifetime unsafe sex were significantly higher among those who had their sexual debut after joining the QIZ in domestic (aOR, 2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.4) and foreign workers (aOR, 2.4, 95% CI 1.4 to 4.1). Among the domestic workers, being 18–24 years old (aOR, 4.9), unmarried (aOR, 4.8), working in the QIZ for 5–8 years (aOR, 5.0), sometimes/frequently shopped with foreign workers (aOR, 2.1) or were current/ex-alcohol drinkers (aORs, 3.4) were independently significantly associated with higher odds of practising unsafe sex. Conclusions A significant proportion of domestic and foreign male workers had been practising unsafe sex. The findings indicated that not only foreigners but also domestic male workers associating with foreign workers are at high risk of unsafe sex. Tailored interventions to promote safer sex in multinational workplaces in Jordan are needed. PMID:26068511

Finding buried metallic pipes using a non-destructive approach based on 3D time-domain induced polarization data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shao, Zhenlu; Revil, André; Mao, Deqiang; Wang, Deming

2018-04-01

The location of buried utility pipes is often unknown. We use the time-domain induced polarization method to non-intrusively localize metallic pipes. A new approach, based on injecting a primary electrical current between a pair of electrodes and measuring the time-lapse voltage response on a set of potential electrodes after shutting down this primary current is used. The secondary voltage is measured on all the electrodes with respect to a single electrode used as a reference for the electrical potential, in a way similar to a self-potential time lapse survey. This secondary voltage is due to the formation of a secondary current density in the ground associated with the polarization of the metallic pipes. An algorithm is designed to localize the metallic object using the secondary voltage distribution by performing a tomography of the secondary source current density associated with the polarization of the pipes. This algorithm is first benchmarked on a synthetic case. Then, two laboratory sandbox experiments are performed with buried metallic pipes located in a sandbox filled with some clean sand. In Experiment #1, we use a horizontal copper pipe while in Experiment #2 we use an inclined stainless steel pipe. The result shows that the method is effective in localizing these two pipes. At the opposite, electrical resistivity tomography is not effective in localizing the pipes because they may appear resistive at low frequencies. This is due to the polarization of the metallic pipes which blocks the charge carriers at its external boundaries.

Electrolytic etching of fine stainless-steel pipes patterned by laser-scan lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takahashi, Hiroshi; Sagara, Tomoya; Horiuchi, Toshiyuki

2017-07-01

Recently, it is required to develop a method for fabricating cylindrical micro-components in the field of measurement and medical engineering. Here, electrolytic etching of fine stainless-steel pipes patterned by laser-scan lithography was researched. The pipe diameter was 100 μm. At first, a pipe coated with 3-7 μm thick positive resist (tok, PMER P LA-900) was exposed to a violet laser beam with a wavelength of 408 nm (Neoark,TC20-4030-45). The laser beam was reshaped in a circle by placing a pinhole, and irradiated on the pipe by reducing the size in 1/20 using a reduction projection optics. Linearly arrayed 22 slit patterns with a width of 25 μm and a length of 175 μm were delineated in every 90-degree circumferential direction. That is, 88 slits in total were delineated at an exposure speed of 110 μm/s. In the axial direction, patterns were delineated at intervals of 90 μm. Following the pattern delineation, the pipe masked by the resist patterns was electrolytically etched. The pipe was used as an anode and an aluminum cylinder was set as a cathode around the pipe. As the electrolyte, aqueous solution of NaCl and NH4Cl was used. After etching the pipe, the resist was removed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone. Although feasibility for fabricating multi-slit pipes was demonstrated, sizes of the etched slits were enlarged being caused by the undercut, and the shapes were partially deformed, and all the pipes were snapped at the chuck side.