DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cochran, C.B.

This patent describes a double nut setting tool and liner hanger assembly. It comprises a tool which is releasably coupled to the liner hanger by a nut means threadedly connected to the liner hanger: upon reaching a desired setting location, hanging the liner hanger in the well to support the weight of the liner and to permit rotation of the liner: manipulating the string of pipe to simultaneously rotate the nut means to a released condition relative to the liner hanger while rotating a lock nut in a clutch housing into a locking position in the clutch housing to engagemore » the clutch housing with the liner; and applying weight to the string of pipe to engage the clutch housing with the liner when the coupling nut is released and the lock nut is in a locking position so that the liner can be rotated by rotation of the string of pipe after the coupling nut is released.« less

Piping inspection carriage having axially displaceable sensor

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W.T.; Treanor, R.C.

1994-12-06

A pipe inspection instrument carriage is described for use with a pipe crawler for performing internal inspections of piping surfaces. The carriage has a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly and a central support connecting the two assemblies and for mounting an instrument arm having inspection instruments. The instrument arm has a Y-arm mounted distally thereon for axially aligning the inspection instrumentation and a mounting block, a linear actuator and axial movement arm for extending the inspection instruments radially outward to operably position the inspection instruments on the piping interior. Also, the carriage has a rotation motor and gear assembly for rotating the central support and the front leg assembly with respect to the rear leg assembly so that the inspection instruments azimuthally scan the piping interior. The instrument carriage allows performance of all piping inspection operations with a minimum of moving parts, thus decreasing the likelihood of performance failure. 4 figures.

Piping inspection carriage having axially displaceable sensor

DOEpatents

Zollinger, William T.; Treanor, Richard C.

1994-01-01

A pipe inspection instrument carriage for use with a pipe crawler for performing internal inspections of piping surfaces. The carriage has a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly and a central support connecting the two assemblies and for mounting an instrument arm having inspection instruments. The instrument arm has a y-arm mounted distally thereon for axially aligning the inspection instrumentation and a mounting block, a linear actuator and axial movement arm for extending the inspection instruments radially outward to operably position the inspection instruments on the piping interior. Also, the carriage has a rotation motor and gear assembly for rotating the central support and the front leg assembly with respect to the rear leg assembly so that the inspection instruments azimuthally scan the piping interior. The instrument carriage allows performance of all piping inspection operations with a minimum of moving parts, thus decreasing the likelihood of performance failure.

The energy transfer mechanism of a perturbed solid-body rotation flow in a rotating pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Chunjuan; Liu, Feng; Rusak, Zvi; Wang, Shixiao

2017-04-01

Three-dimensional direct numerical simulations of a solid-body rotation superposed on a uniform axial flow entering a rotating constant-area pipe of finite length are presented. Steady in time profiles of the radial, axial, and circumferential velocities are imposed at the pipe inlet. Convective boundary conditions are imposed at the pipe outlet. The Wang and Rusak (Phys. Fluids 8:1007-1016, 1996. doi: 10.1063/1.86882) axisymmetric instability mechanism is retrieved at certain operational conditions in terms of incoming flow swirl levels and the Reynolds number. However, at other operational conditions there exists a dominant, three-dimensional spiral type of instability mode that is consistent with the linear stability theory of Wang et al. (J. Fluid Mech. 797: 284-321, 2016). The growth of this mode leads to a spiral type of flow roll-up that subsequently nonlinearly saturates on a large amplitude rotating spiral wave. The energy transfer mechanism between the bulk of the flow and the perturbations is studied by the Reynolds-Orr equation. The production or loss of the perturbation kinetic energy is combined of three components: the viscous loss, the convective loss at the pipe outlet, and the gain of energy at the outlet through the work done by the pressure perturbation. The energy transfer in the nonlinear stage is shown to be a natural extension of the linear stage with a nonlinear saturated process.

Miniature pipe crawler tractor

DOEpatents

McKay, Mark D.; Anderson, Matthew O.; Ferrante, Todd A.; Willis, W. David

2000-01-01

A pipe crawler tractor may comprise a half tractor assembly having a first base drive wheel, a second base drive wheel, and a top drive wheel. The drive wheels are mounted in spaced-apart relation so that the top drive wheel is positioned between the first and second base drive wheels. The mounting arrangement is also such that the first and second base drive wheels contact the inside surface of the pipe at respective first and second positions and so that the top drive wheel contacts the inside surface of the pipe at a third position, the third position being substantially diametrically opposed to the first and second positions. A control system connected to the half tractor assembly controls the rotation of the first base wheel, the second base wheel, and the top drive wheel to move the half tractor assembly within the pipe.

Steering mechanism for a subsoil boring apparatus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kinnan, F.R.

This paper describes a subsoil boring apparatus. It comprises: a rotatable, steerable boring assembly; motor means for producing rotary motion; pipe string means coupled to the motor means and the boring assembly to import rotation thereto; and impacting means coupled to the motor means to apply impact forces to the pipe string means to improve the steerability of the boring assembly wherein only on of the motor means and the impact means can be applied to the k pipe string means at one time.

USSR Report: Earth Sciences. No. 26

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-06-07

supplied with an automated drill rig with a great load- lifting capacity, screws for self-movement, and also an automated anchorless system for holding...is compensated by the Archimedes force acting from the direction of the denser subcrustal matter — the substrate. A disrup- tion of this equilibrium...held on the lower end of a column of drilling pipes [7] which can be rotated by means of a drive pipe [8] imparted a torque by the rotor. In

Flexible ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus

DOEpatents

Jenkins, C.F.; Howard, B.D.

1998-06-23

A flexible, modular ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus, comprises a flexible, hollow shaft that carries a plurality of modules, including at least one rotatable ultrasonic transducer, a motor/gear unit, and a position/signal encoder. The modules are connected by flexible knuckle joints that allow each module of the apparatus to change its relative orientation with respect to a neighboring module, while the shaft protects electrical wiring from kinking or buckling while the apparatus moves around a tight corner. The apparatus is moved through a pipe by any suitable means, including a tether or drawstring attached to the nose or tail, differential hydraulic pressure, or a pipe pig. The rotational speed of the ultrasonic transducer and the forward velocity of the apparatus are coordinated so that the beam sweeps out the entire interior surface of the pipe, enabling the operator to accurately assess the condition of the pipe wall and determine whether or not leak-prone corrosion damage is present. 7 figs.

Flexible ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus

DOEpatents

Jenkins, Charles F.; Howard, Boyd D.

1998-01-01

A flexible, modular ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus, comprising a flexible, hollow shaft that carries a plurality of modules, including at least one rotatable ultrasonic transducer, a motor/gear unit, and a position/signal encoder. The modules are connected by flexible knuckle joints that allow each module of the apparatus to change its relative orientation with respect to a neighboring module, while the shaft protects electrical wiring from kinking or buckling while the apparatus moves around a tight corner. The apparatus is moved through a pipe by any suitable means, including a tether or drawstring attached to the nose or tail, differential hydraulic pressure, or a pipe pig. The rotational speed of the ultrasonic transducer and the forward velocity of the apparatus are coordinated so that the beam sweeps out the entire interior surface of the pipe, enabling the operator to accurately assess the condition of the pipe wall and determine whether or not leak-prone corrosion damage is present.

Eddy-Current Measurement Of Turning Or Curvature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chern, Engmin J.

1993-01-01

Rotatable conductive plate covers sensing coil to varying degree. Curvature of pipe at remote or otherwise inaccessible location inside pipe measured using relatively simple angular-displacement eddy-current probe. Crawler and sensor assemblies move along inside of pipe on wheels. Conductive plate pivots to follow curvature of pipe, partly covering one of eddy-current coils to degree depending on local curvature on pipe.

Miniature pipe crawler tractor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McKay, M.D.; Anderson, M.O.; Ferrante, T.A.

2000-03-14

A pipe crawler tractor may comprise a half tractor assembly having a first base drive wheel, a second base drive wheel, and a top drive wheel. The drive wheels are mounted in spaced-apart relation so that the top drive wheel is positioned between the first and second base drive wheels. The mounting arrangement is also such that the first and second base drive wheels contact the inside surface of the pipe at respective first and second positions and so that the top drive wheel contacts the inside surface of the pipe at a third position, the third position being substantiallymore » diametrically opposed to the first and second positions. A control system connected to the half tractor assembly controls the rotation of the first base wheel, the second base wheel, and the top drive wheel to move the half tractor assembly within the pipe.« less

Heat Pipe Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1981-01-01

The heat pipe, a sealed chamber whose walls are lined with a "wick," a thin capillary network containing a working fluid in liquid form was developed for a heat distribution system for non-rotating satellites. Use of the heat pipe provides a continuous heat transfer mechanism. "Heat tubes" that improve temperature control in plastics manufacturing equipment incorporated the heat pipe technology. James M. Stewart, an independent consultant, patented the heat tubes he developed and granted a license to Kona Corporation. The Kona Nozzle for heaterless injection molding gets heat for its operation from an external source and has no internal heating bands, reducing machine maintenance and also eliminating electrical hazards associated with heater bands. The nozzles are used by Eastman Kodak, Bic Pen Corporation, Polaroid, Tupperware, Ford Motor Company, RCA, and Western Electric in the molding of their products.

Effects of weld defects at root on rotating bending fatigue strength of small diameter socket welded pipe joints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Higuchi, Makoto; Nakagawa, Akira; Chujo, Noriyuki

1996-12-01

Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted on socket welded joints of a nominal diameter 20 mm, and effects of root defect and other various factors, including post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), pipe wall thickness, and socket wall thickness, were investigated. The socket joints exhibited, in the rotating bending fatigue mode, fatigue strengths that were markedly lower than the same 20 mm diameter joints in four-point bending fatigue. Also, where the latter specimens failed always at the toe, root-failures occurred in rotating bending fatigue. When PWHT`d, however, the fatigue strength showed a remarkable improvement, while the failure site reverted to toe. Thickermore » pipe walls and socket walls gave rise to higher fatigue strength. A formula relating the size of root defects to the fatigue strength reduction has been proposed.« less

Synchronous scan-projection lithography on overall circumference of fine pipes with a diameter of 2 mm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horiuchi, Toshiyuki; Furuhata, Takahiro; Muro, Hideyuki

2016-06-01

The scan-projection exposure of small-diameter pipe surfaces was investigated using a newly developed prototype exposure system. It is necessary to secure a very large depth of focus for printing thick resist patterns on round pipe surfaces with a roughness larger than that of semiconductor wafers. For this reason, a camera lens with a low numerical aperture of 0.089 was used as a projection lens, and the momentary exposure area was limited by a narrow slit with a width of 800 µm. Thus, patterns on a flat reticle were replicated on a pipe surface by linearly moving the reticle and rotating the pipe synchronously. By using a reticle with inclined line-and-space patterns, helical patterns with a width of 30 µm were successfully replicated on stainless-steel pipes with an outer diameter of 2 mm and coated with a 10-µm-thick negative resist. The patterns replicated at the start and stop edges were smoothly stitched seamlessly.

DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGY TO REMOTELY NAVIGATE VERTICAL PIPE ARRAYS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krementz, D.; Immel, D.; Vrettos, N.

Situations exist around the Savannah River Site (SRS) and the Department of Energy (DOE) complex where it is advantageous to remotely navigate vertical pipe arrays. Specific examples are waste tanks in the SRS Tank Farms, which contain horizontal cooling coils at the tank bottom, vertical cooling coils throughout and a limited number of access points or ''risers''. These factors limit accessibility to many parts of these tanks by conventional means. Pipe Traveler technology has been developed to address these issues. The Pipe Traveler addresses these issues by using the vertical cooling coils as its medium of travel. The unit operatesmore » by grabbing a pipe using dual grippers located on either side of the equipment. Once securely attached to the pipe a drive wheel is extended to come in contact with the pipe. Rotation of the drive wheel causes the unit to rotate around the pipe. This action is continued until the second set of grippers is aligned with the next pipe. Extension pistons are actuated to extend the second set of grippers in contact with a second pipe. The second set of grippers is then actuated to grasp the pipe. The first set of grippers releases the original pipe and the process is repeated until the unit reaches its desired location. Once at the tool deployment location the desired tool may be used. The current design has proven the concept of pipe-to-pipe navigation. Testing of the Pipe Traveler has proven its ability to transfer itself from one pipe to another.« less

An automated inner dimensional measurement system based on a laser displacement sensor for long-stepped pipes.

PubMed

Zhang, Fumin; Qu, Xinghua; Ouyang, Jianfei

2012-01-01

A novel measurement prototype based on a mobile vehicle that carries a laser scanning sensor is proposed. The prototype is intended for the automated measurement of the interior 3D geometry of large-diameter long-stepped pipes. The laser displacement sensor, which has a small measurement range, is mounted on an extended arm of known length. It is scanned to improve the measurement accuracy for large-sized pipes. A fixing mechanism based on two sections is designed to ensure that the stepped pipe is concentric with the axis of rotation of the system. Data are acquired in a cylindrical coordinate system and fitted in a circle to determine diameter. Systematic errors covering arm length, tilt, and offset errors are analyzed and calibrated. The proposed system is applied to sample parts and the results are discussed to verify its effectiveness. This technique measures a diameter of 600 mm with an uncertainty of 0.02 mm at a 95% confidence probability. A repeatability test is performed to examine precision, which is 1.1 μm. A laser tracker is used to verify the measurement accuracy of the system, which is evaluated as 9 μm within a diameter of 600 mm.

Review of advanced radiator technologies for spacecraft power systems and space thermal control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Juhasz, Albert J.; Peterson, George P.

1994-01-01

A two-part overview of progress in space radiator technologies is presented. The first part reviews and compares the innovative heat-rejection system concepts proposed during the past decade, some of which have been developed to the breadboard demonstration stage. Included are space-constructable radiators with heat pipes, variable-surface-area radiators, rotating solid radiators, moving-belt radiators, rotating film radiators, liquid droplet radiators, Curie point radiators, and rotating bubble-membrane radiators. The second part summarizes a multielement project including focused hardware development under the Civil Space Technology Initiative (CSTI) High Capacity Power program carried out by the NASA Lewis Research Center and its contractors to develop lightweight space radiators in support of Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) power systems technology.

Balanced Rotating Spray Tank and Pipe Cleaning and Cleanliness Verification System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caimi, Raoul E. B. (Inventor); Thaxton, Eric A. (Inventor)

1998-01-01

A system for cleaning and verifying the cleanliness of the interior surfaces of hollow items, such as small bottles, tanks, pipes and tubes, employs a rotating spray head for supplying a gas-liquid cleaning mixture to the item's surface at a supersonic velocity. The spray head incorporates a plurality of nozzles having diverging cross sections so that the incoming gas-liquid mixture is first converged within the spray head and then diverged through the nozzles, thereby accelerating the mixture to a supersonic velocity. In the preferred embodiment, three nozzles are employed; one forwardly facing nozzle at the end of the spray head and two oppositely facing angled nozzles exiting on opposite sides of the spray head which balance each other, and therefore impart no net side load on the spray head. A drive mechanism is provided to rotate the spray head and at the same time move the head back and forth within the item to be cleaned. The drive mechanism acts on a long metal tube to which the spray head is fixed, and thus no moving parts are exposed to the interior surfaces of the items to be cleaned, thereby reducing the risk of contamination.

More about the Puzzle of a Marble in a Spinning Pipe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mungan, Carl E.

2015-01-01

What trajectory in the laboratory frame does a marble follow if it is held inside a freely rotating pipe and then suddenly released so that it can slide frictionlessly outward along the pipe? A previously published solution is only valid for a pipe of small moment of inertia (so that it is either low in mass or short in length).

Finite Element Modeling of the World Federation's Second MFL Benchmark Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Zhiwei; Tian, Yong; Udpa, Satish; Udpa, Lalita

2004-02-01

This paper presents results obtained by simulating the second magnetic flux leakage benchmark problem proposed by the World Federation of NDE Centers. The geometry consists of notches machined on the internal and external surfaces of a rotating steel pipe that is placed between two yokes that are part of a magnetic circuit energized by an electromagnet. The model calculates the radial component of the leaked field at specific positions. The nonlinear material property of the ferromagnetic pipe is taken into account in simulating the problem. The velocity effect caused by the rotation of the pipe is, however, ignored for reasons of simplicity.

Feature extraction of performance variables in elite half-pipe snowboarding using body mounted inertial sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harding, J. W.; Small, J. W.; James, D. A.

2007-12-01

Recent analysis of elite-level half-pipe snowboard competition has revealed a number of sport specific key performance variables (KPV's) that correlate well to score. Information on these variables is difficult to acquire and analyse, relying on collection and labour intensive manual post processing of video data. This paper presents the use of inertial sensors as a user-friendly alternative and subsequently implements signal processing routines to ultimately provide automated, sport specific feedback to coaches and athletes. The author has recently shown that the key performance variables (KPV's) of total air-time (TAT) and average degree of rotation (ADR) achieved during elite half-pipe snowboarding competition show strong correlation with an athlete's subjectively judged score. Utilising Micro-Electrochemical System (MEMS) sensors (tri-axial accelerometers) this paper demonstrates that air-time (AT) achieved during half-pipe snowboarding can be detected and calculated accurately using basic signal processing techniques. Characterisation of the variations in aerial acrobatic manoeuvres and the associated calculation of exact degree of rotation (DR) achieved is a likely extension of this research. The technique developed used a two-pass method to detect locations of half-pipe snowboard runs using power density in the frequency domain and subsequently utilises a threshold based search algorithm in the time domain to calculate air-times associated with individual aerial acrobatic manoeuvres. This technique correctly identified the air-times of 100 percent of aerial acrobatic manoeuvres within each half-pipe snowboarding run (n = 92 aerial acrobatic manoeuvres from 4 subjects) and displayed a very strong correlation with a video based reference standard for air-time calculation (r = 0.78 +/- 0.08; p value < 0.0001; SEE = 0.08 ×/÷ 1.16; mean bias = -0.03 +/- 0.02s) (value +/- or ×/÷ 95% CL).

Mathematical simulation for compensation capacities area of pipeline routes in ship systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngo, G. V.; Sakhno, K. N.

2018-05-01

In this paper, the authors considered the problem of manufacturability’s enhancement of ship systems pipeline at the designing stage. The analysis of arrangements and possibilities for compensation of deviations for pipeline routes has been carried out. The task was set to produce the “fit pipe” together with the rest of the pipes in the route. It was proposed to compensate for deviations by movement of the pipeline route during pipe installation and to calculate maximum values of these displacements in the analyzed path. Theoretical bases of deviation compensation for pipeline routes using rotations of parallel section pairs of pipes are assembled. Mathematical and graphical simulations of compensation area capacities of pipeline routes with various configurations are completed. Prerequisites have been created for creating an automated program that will allow one to determine values of the compensatory capacities area for pipeline routes and to assign quantities of necessary allowances.

Viscoelastic flow in rotating curved pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yitung; Chen, Huajun; Zhang, Jinsuo; Zhang, Benzhao

2006-08-01

Fully developed viscoelastic flows in rotating curved pipes with circular cross section are investigated theoretically and numerically employing the Oldroyd-B fluid model. Based on Dean's approximation, a perturbation solution up to the secondary order is obtained. The governing equations are also solved numerically by the finite volume method. The theoretical and numerical solutions agree with each other very well. The results indicate that the rotation, as well as the curvature and elasticity, plays an important role in affecting the friction factor, the secondary flow pattern and intensity. The co-rotation enhances effects of curvature and elasticity on the secondary flow. For the counter-rotation, there is a critical rotational number RΩ', which can make the effect of rotation counteract the effect of curvature and elasticity. Complicated flow behaviors are found at this value. For the relative creeping flow, RΩ' can be estimated according to the expression RΩ'=-4Weδ. Effects of curvature and elasticity at different rotational numbers on both relative creeping flow and inertial flow are also analyzed and discussed.

An Automated Inner Dimensional Measurement System Based on a Laser Displacement Sensor for Long-Stepped Pipes

PubMed Central

Zhang, Fumin; Qu, Xinghua; Ouyang, Jianfei

2012-01-01

A novel measurement prototype based on a mobile vehicle that carries a laser scanning sensor is proposed. The prototype is intended for the automated measurement of the interior 3D geometry of large-diameter long-stepped pipes. The laser displacement sensor, which has a small measurement range, is mounted on an extended arm of known length. It is scanned to improve the measurement accuracy for large-sized pipes. A fixing mechanism based on two sections is designed to ensure that the stepped pipe is concentric with the axis of rotation of the system. Data are acquired in a cylindrical coordinate system and fitted in a circle to determine diameter. Systematic errors covering arm length, tilt, and offset errors are analyzed and calibrated. The proposed system is applied to sample parts and the results are discussed to verify its effectiveness. This technique measures a diameter of 600 mm with an uncertainty of 0.02 mm at a 95% confidence probability. A repeatability test is performed to examine precision, which is 1.1 μm. A laser tracker is used to verify the measurement accuracy of the system, which is evaluated as 9 μm within a diameter of 600 mm. PMID:22778615

Nonlinear dynamics near the stability margin in rotating pipe flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yang, Z.; Leibovich, S.

1991-01-01

The nonlinear evolution of marginally unstable wave packets in rotating pipe flow is studied. These flows depend on two control parameters, which may be taken to be the axial Reynolds number R and a Rossby number, q. Marginal stability is realized on a curve in the (R, q)-plane, and the entire marginal stability boundary is explored. As the flow passes through any point on the marginal stability curve, it undergoes a supercritical Hopf bifurcation and the steady base flow is replaced by a traveling wave. The envelope of the wave system is governed by a complex Ginzburg-Landau equation. The Ginzburg-Landau equation admits Stokes waves, which correspond to standing modulations of the linear traveling wavetrain, as well as traveling wave modulations of the linear wavetrain. Bands of wavenumbers are identified in which the nonlinear modulated waves are subject to a sideband instability.

CFD modelling of liquid-solid transport in the horizontal eccentric annuli

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sayindla, Sneha; Challabotla, Niranjan Reddy

2017-11-01

In oil and gas drilling operations, different types of drilling fluids are used to transport the solid cuttings in an annulus between drill pipe and well casing. The inner pipe is often eccentric and flow inside the annulus can be laminar or turbulent regime. In the present work, Eulerian-Eulerian granular multiphase CFD model is developed to systematically investigate the effect of the rheology of the drilling fluid type (Newtonian and non-Newtonian), drill pipe eccentricity and inner pipe rotation on the efficiency of cuttings transport. Both laminar and turbulent flow regimes were considered. Frictional pressure drop is computed and compared with the flow loop experimental results reported in the literature. The results confirm that the annular frictional pressure loss in a fully eccentric annulus are significantly lesser than the concentric annulus. Inner pipe rotation improve the efficiency of the cuttings transport in laminar flow regime. Cuttings transport velocity and concentration distribution were analysed to predict the different flow patterns such as stationary bed, moving bed, heterogeneous and homogeneous bed formation.

Ultra-high pressure waterjets efficient in removing coatings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-06-01

Little if any thought was given to pipeline rehabilitation 50 years, a time when pipe manufacturers often coated the external diameter of pipe with coal tar to help eliminate corrosion. Unfortunately, contractors rehabilitating these pipelines today encounter major difficulties when attempting to remove coal tar with traditional removal processes. A leading pipeline rehabilitation firm, F.F. Yockey Company, Inc. of Magnolia, Texas, faced a constant challenge stripping coal tar with rotating knives and brushes. The process generated heat that melted the tar and caused the machines to jam. Another problem was the damage to the substrate caused by the friction-based cleaningmore » techniques of rotating knives and brushes. The knives also failed to completely clean the substrate, leaving behind a significant amount of residue. Contractors learned that new coating bonded poorly to the substrates covered with residual contaminants, thus yielding unsatisfactory results. As he looked for a solution, Dick Yockey, president and CEO of R.F. Yockey, began exploring the use of ultra-high pressure waterjet surface preparation equipment. This system involved water pressurized at levels ranging from 35,000 to 55,000 psi. The water travels through small orifices in a high-speed rotating nozzle, forming a cohesive stream of water. This paper reviews the design and performance of this system.« less

Reynolds-Stress and Triple-Product Models Applied to Flows with Rotation and Curvature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olsen, Michael E.

2016-01-01

Predictions for Reynolds-stress and triple product turbulence models are compared for flows with significant rotational effects. Driver spinning cylinder flowfield and Zaets rotating pipe case are to be investigated at a minimum.

On the prediction of turbulent secondary flows

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Speziale, C. G.; So, R. M. C.; Younis, B. A.

1992-01-01

The prediction of turbulent secondary flows, with Reynolds stress models, in circular pipes and non-circular ducts is reviewed. Turbulence-driven secondary flows in straight non-circular ducts are considered along with turbulent secondary flows in pipes and ducts that arise from curvature or a system rotation. The physical mechanisms that generate these different kinds of secondary flows are outlined and the level of turbulence closure required to properly compute each type is discussed in detail. Illustrative computations of a variety of different secondary flows obtained from two-equation turbulence models and second-order closures are provided to amplify these points.

Water driven turbine/brush pipe cleaner

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Werlink, Rudy J. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

Assemblies are disclosed for cleaning the inside walls of pipes and tubes. A first embodiment includes a small turbine with angled blades axially mounted on one end of a standoff support. An O-ring for stabilizing the assembly within the pipe is mounted in a groove within the outer ring. A replaceable circular brush is fixedly mounted on the opposite end of the standoff support and can be used for cleaning tubes and pipes of various diameters, lengths and configurations. The turbine, standoff support, and brush spin in unison relative to a hub bearing that is fixedly attached to a wire upstream of the assembly. The nonrotating wire is for retaining the assembly in tension and enabling return of the assembly to the pipe entrance. The assembly is initially placed in the pipe or tube to be cleaned. A pressurized water or solution source is provided at a required flow-rate to propel the assembly through the pipe or tube. The upstream water pressure propels and spins the turbine, standoff support and brush. The rotating brush combined with the solution cleans the inside of the pipe. The solution flows out of the other end of the pipe with the brush rotation controlled by the flow-rate. A second embodiment is similar to the first embodiment but instead includes a circular shaped brush with ring backing mounted in the groove of the exterior ring of the turbine, and also reduces the size of the standoff support or eliminates the standoff support.

Accuracy Study of a 2-Component Point Doppler Velocimeter (PDV)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuhlman, John; Naylor, Steve; James, Kelly; Ramanath, Senthil

1997-01-01

A two-component Point Doppler Velocimeter (PDV) which has recently been developed is described, and a series of velocity measurements which have been obtained to quantify the accuracy of the PDV system are summarized. This PDV system uses molecular iodine vapor cells as frequency discriminating filters to determine the Doppler shift of laser light which is scattered off of seed particles in a flow. The majority of results which have been obtained to date are for the mean velocity of a rotating wheel, although preliminary data are described for fully-developed turbulent pipe flow. Accuracy of the present wheel velocity data is approximately +/- 1 % of full scale, while linearity of a single channel is on the order of +/- 0.5 % (i.e., +/- 0.6 m/sec and +/- 0.3 m/sec, out of 57 m/sec, respectively). The observed linearity of these results is on the order of the accuracy to which the speed of the rotating wheel has been set for individual data readings. The absolute accuracy of the rotating wheel data is shown to be consistent with the level of repeatability of the cell calibrations. The preliminary turbulent pipe flow data show consistent turbulence intensity values, and mean axial velocity profiles generally agree with pitot probe data. However, there is at present an offset error in the radial velocity which is on the order of 5-10 % of the mean axial velocity.

Unsteady flow of fractional Oldroyd-B fluids through rotating annulus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tahir, Madeeha; Naeem, Muhammad Nawaz; Javaid, Maria; Younas, Muhammad; Imran, Muhammad; Sadiq, Naeem; Safdar, Rabia

2018-04-01

In this paper exact solutions corresponding to the rotational flow of a fractional Oldroyd-B fluid, in an annulus, are determined by applying integral transforms. The fluid starts moving after t = 0+ when pipes start rotating about their axis. The final solutions are presented in the form of usual Bessel and hypergeometric functions, true for initial and boundary conditions. The limiting cases for the solutions for ordinary Oldroyd-B, fractional Maxwell and Maxwell and Newtonian fluids are obtained. Moreover, the solution is obtained for the fluid when one pipe is rotating and the other one is at rest. At the end of this paper some characteristics of fluid motion, the effect of the physical parameters on the flow and a correlation between different fluid models are discussed. Finally, graphical representations confirm the above affirmation.

Transient Flows in a Pipe System with Pump Shut-Down and the Simultaneous Closing of a Spherical Valve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Zh.

2016-11-01

Because of the limited value of the wave propagation speed in water the propagation of a pressure surge in transient flows can be tracked in the time series. This enables both the pressure head and the flow velocity in pipe flows to be determined as a function of both the coordinate along the pipe and the time. The propagation of the pressure surge includes both wave transmission and reflection. The latter occurs where the flow section is changed. The wave tracking method has been demonstrated as highly accurate and subsequently was applied to much more complex hydraulic systems, in which the pump is shut off and the spherical valve is simultaneously progressively closed. A combined four-quadrant characteristic of the pump and a spherical valve has been worked out, with which the computational procedure for the transient flow in the complex system could be significantly simplified. It has been demonstrated that not only the pressure surge in the hydraulic system but also the rotational speed of the pump could be satisfactorily computed. The computational algorithm has been demonstrated as quite simple, so that all calculations could be performed simply by means of the Microsoft Excel module.

Heat transfer in space systems; Proceedings of the Symposium, AIAA/ASME Thermophysics and Heat Transfer Conference, Seattle, WA, June 18-20, 1990

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chan, S. H. (Editor); Anderson, E. E. (Editor); Simoneau, R. J. (Editor); Chan, C. K. (Editor); Pepper, D. W. (Editor)

1990-01-01

Theoretical and experimental studies of heat-tranfer in a space environment are discussed in reviews and reports. Topics addressed include a small-scale two-phase thermosiphon to cool high-power electronics, a low-pressure-drop heat exchanger with integral heat pipe, an analysis of the thermal performance of heat-pipe radiators, measurements of temperature and concentration fields in a rectangular heat pipe, and a simplified aerothermal heating method for axisymmetric blunt bodies. Consideration is given to entropy production in a shock wave, bubble-slug transition in a two-phase liquid-gas flow under microgravity, plasma arc welding under normal and zero gravity, the Microgravity Thaw Experiment, the flow of a thin film on stationary and rotating disks, an advanced ceramic fabric body-mounted radiator for Space Station Freedom phase 0 design, and lunar radiators with specular reflectors.

Off gas film cooler cleaner

DOEpatents

Dhingra, Hardip S.; Koch, William C.; Burns, David C.

1997-01-01

An apparatus for cleaning depositions of particulate matter from the inside of tubular piping while the piping is in use. The apparatus is remote controlled in order to operate in hazardous environments. A housing containing brush and shaft assemblies is mounted on top of the tubular piping. Pneumatic cylinders provide linear motion. A roller nut bearing provides rotary motion. The combined motion causes the brush assembly to rotate as it travels along the tube dislodging particulate matter.

Heat Transfer from a Horizontal Cylinder Rotating in Oil

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seban, R. A.; Johnson, H. A.

1959-01-01

Measurements of the heat transfer from a horizontal cylinder rotating about its axis have been made with oil as the surrounding fluid to provide an addition to the heat-transfer results for this system heretofore available only for air. The results embrace a Prandtl number range from about 130 to 660, with Reynolds numbers up to 3 x 10(exp 4), and show an increasing dependence of free-convection heat transfer on rotation as the Prandtl number is increased by reducing the oil temperature. Some correlation of this effect, which agrees with the prior results for air, has been achieved. At higher rotative speeds the flow becomes turbulent, the free- convection effect vanishes, and the results with oil can be correlated generally with those for air and with mass-transfer results for even higher Prandtl numbers. For this system, however, the analogy calculations which have successfully related the heat transfer to the friction for pipe flows at high Prandtl numbers fail.

CLOSURE DEVICE

DOEpatents

Linzell, S.M.; Dorcy, D.J.

1958-08-26

A quick opening type of stuffing box employing two banks of rotatable shoes, each of which has a caraming action that forces a neoprene sealing surface against a pipe or rod where it passes through a wall is presented. A ring having a handle or wrench attached is placed eccentric to and between the two banks of shoes. Head bolts from the shoes fit into slots in this ring, which are so arranged that when the ring is rotated a quarter turn in one direction the shoes are thrust inwardly to cramp the neopnrene about the pipe, malting a tight seal. Moving the ring in the reverse direction moves the shoes outwardly and frees the pipe which then may be readily removed from the stuffing box. This device has particular application as a closure for the end of a coolant tube of a neutronic reactor.

35. GREY IRON TUMBLERS, IN THE GREY IRON FOUNDRY ROTATE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

35. GREY IRON TUMBLERS, IN THE GREY IRON FOUNDRY ROTATE CASTINGS WITH SHOT TO REMOVE AND SURFACE OXIDES AND REMAINING EXCESS METALS. - Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company, Grey Iron Foundry, 4000 Tenth Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

Off gas film cooler cleaner

DOEpatents

Dhingra, H.S.; Koch, W.C.; Burns, D.C.

1997-08-26

An apparatus is described for cleaning depositions of particulate matter from the inside of tubular piping while the piping is in use. The apparatus is remote controlled in order to operate in hazardous environments. A housing containing brush and shaft assemblies is mounted on top of the tubular piping. Pneumatic cylinders provide linear motion. A roller nut bearing provides rotary motion. The combined motion causes the brush assembly to rotate as it travels along the tube dislodging particulate matter. 5 figs.

An Eddy Current Testing Platform System for Pipe Defect Inspection Based on an Optimized Eddy Current Technique Probe Design.

PubMed

Rifai, Damhuji; Abdalla, Ahmed N; Razali, Ramdan; Ali, Kharudin; Faraj, Moneer A

2017-03-13

The use of the eddy current technique (ECT) for the non-destructive testing of conducting materials has become increasingly important in the past few years. The use of the non-destructive ECT plays a key role in the ensuring the safety and integrity of the large industrial structures such as oil and gas pipelines. This paper introduce a novel ECT probe design integrated with the distributed ECT inspection system (DSECT) use for crack inspection on inner ferromagnetic pipes. The system consists of an array of giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors, a pneumatic system, a rotating magnetic field excitation source and a host PC acting as the data analysis center. Probe design parameters, namely probe diameter, an excitation coil and the number of GMR sensors in the array sensor is optimized using numerical optimization based on the desirability approach. The main benefits of DSECT can be seen in terms of its modularity and flexibility for the use of different types of magnetic transducers/sensors, and signals of a different nature with either digital or analog outputs, making it suited for the ECT probe design using an array of GMR magnetic sensors. A real-time application of the DSECT distributed system for ECT inspection can be exploited for the inspection of 70 mm carbon steel pipe. In order to predict the axial and circumference defect detection, a mathematical model is developed based on the technique known as response surface methodology (RSM). The inspection results of a carbon steel pipe sample with artificial defects indicate that the system design is highly efficient.

Effects of bending-torsional duct-induced swirl distortion on aerodynamic performance of a centrifugal compressor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Hongjuan; Wang, Leilei; Wang, Rui; Yang, Yanzhao

2017-04-01

A turbocharger compressor working in commercial vehicles, especially in some passenger cars, often works together with some pipes with complicated geometry as an air intake system, due to limit of available space in internal combustion engine compartments. These pipes may generate various distortions of physical parameters of the air at the inlet of the compressor and therefore the compressor aerodynamic performance deteriorates. Sometimes, the turbocharging engine fails to work at some operation points. This paper investigates the effects of various swirl distortions induced by different bending-torsional intake ducts on the aerodynamic performance of a turbocharger compressor by both 3D numerical simulations and experimental measurements. It was found that at the outlet of the pipes the different inlet ducts can generate different swirl distortions, twin vortices and bulk-like vortices with different rotating directions. Among them, the bulk-like vortices not only affect seriously the pressure distribution in the impeller domain, but also significantly deteriorate the compressor performance, especially at high flow rate region. And the rotating direction of the bulk-like vortices is also closely associated with the efficiency penalty. Besides the efficiency, the transient flow rate through a single impeller channel, or the asymmetric mass flow crossing the whole impeller, can be influenced by two disturbances. One is from the upstream bending-torsional ducts; other one is from the downstream volute.

Using Pipe Cleaners to Bring the Tree of Life to Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halverson, Kristy L.

2010-01-01

Phylogenetic trees, such as the "Tree of Life," are commonly found in biology textbooks and are often used in teaching. Because students often struggle to understand these diagrams, I developed a simple, inexpensive classroom model. Made of pipe cleaners, it is easily manipulated to rotate branches, compare topologies, map complete lineages,…

Transient simulation of hydropower station with consideration of three-dimensional unsteady flow in turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, W. D.; Fan, H. G.; Chen, N. X.

2012-11-01

To study the interaction between the transient flow in pipe and the unsteady turbulent flow in turbine, a coupled model of the transient flow in the pipe and three-dimensional unsteady flow in the turbine is developed based on the method of characteristics and the fluid governing equation in the accelerated rotational relative coordinate. The load-rejection process under the closing of guide vanes of the hydraulic power plant is simulated by the coupled method, the traditional transient simulation method and traditional three-dimensional unsteady flow calculation method respectively and the results are compared. The pressure, unit flux and rotation speed calculated by three methods show a similar change trend. However, because the elastic water hammer in the pipe and the pressure fluctuation in the turbine have been considered in the coupled method, the increase of pressure at spiral inlet is higher and the pressure fluctuation in turbine is stronger.

Accuracy improvements of gyro-based measurement-while-drilling surveying instruments by a laser testing method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Rong; Zhao, Jianhui; Li, Fan

2009-07-01

Gyroscope used as surveying sensor in the oil industry has been proposed as a good technique for measurement-whiledrilling (MWD) to provide real-time monitoring of the position and the orientation of the bottom hole assembly (BHA).However, drifts in the measurements provided by gyroscope might be prohibitive for the long-term utilization of the sensor. Some usual methods such as zero velocity update procedure (ZUPT) introduced to limit these drifts seem to be time-consuming and with limited effect. This study explored an in-drilling dynamic -alignment (IDA) method for MWD which utilizes gyroscope. During a directional drilling process, there are some minutes in the rotary drilling mode when the drill bit combined with drill pipe are rotated about the spin axis in a certain speed. This speed can be measured and used to determine and limit some drifts of the gyroscope which pay great effort to the deterioration in the long-term performance. A novel laser assembly is designed on the wellhead to count the rotating cycles of the drill pipe. With this provided angular velocity of the drill pipe, drifts of gyroscope measurements are translated into another form that can be easy tested and compensated. That allows better and faster alignment and limited drifts during the navigation process both of which can reduce long-term navigation errors, thus improving the overall accuracy in INS-based MWD system. This article concretely explores the novel device on the wellhead designed to test the rotation of the drill pipe. It is based on laser testing which is simple and not expensive by adding a laser emitter to the existing drilling equipment. Theoretical simulations and analytical approximations exploring the IDA idea have shown improvement in the accuracy of overall navigation and reduction in the time required to achieve convergence. Gyroscope accuracy along the axis is mainly improved. It is suggested to use the IDA idea in the rotary mode for alignment. Several other practical aspects of implementing this approach are evaluated and compared.

An Eddy Current Testing Platform System for Pipe Defect Inspection Based on an Optimized Eddy Current Technique Probe Design

PubMed Central

Rifai, Damhuji; Abdalla, Ahmed N.; Razali, Ramdan; Ali, Kharudin; Faraj, Moneer A.

2017-01-01

The use of the eddy current technique (ECT) for the non-destructive testing of conducting materials has become increasingly important in the past few years. The use of the non-destructive ECT plays a key role in the ensuring the safety and integrity of the large industrial structures such as oil and gas pipelines. This paper introduce a novel ECT probe design integrated with the distributed ECT inspection system (DSECT) use for crack inspection on inner ferromagnetic pipes. The system consists of an array of giant magneto-resistive (GMR) sensors, a pneumatic system, a rotating magnetic field excitation source and a host PC acting as the data analysis center. Probe design parameters, namely probe diameter, an excitation coil and the number of GMR sensors in the array sensor is optimized using numerical optimization based on the desirability approach. The main benefits of DSECT can be seen in terms of its modularity and flexibility for the use of different types of magnetic transducers/sensors, and signals of a different nature with either digital or analog outputs, making it suited for the ECT probe design using an array of GMR magnetic sensors. A real-time application of the DSECT distributed system for ECT inspection can be exploited for the inspection of 70 mm carbon steel pipe. In order to predict the axial and circumference defect detection, a mathematical model is developed based on the technique known as response surface methodology (RSM). The inspection results of a carbon steel pipe sample with artificial defects indicate that the system design is highly efficient. PMID:28335399

Cantilever clamp fitting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melton, Patrick B. (Inventor)

1989-01-01

A device is disclosed for sealing and clamping a cylindrical element which is to be attached to an object such as a wall, a pressurized vessel or another cylindrical element. The device includes a gland having an inner cylindrical wall, which is threaded at one end and is attached at a bendable end to a deformable portion, which in turn is attached to one end of a conical cantilever structure. The other end of the cantilever structure connects at a bendable area to one end of an outer cylindrical wall. The opposite end of cylindrical wall terminates in a thickened portion, the radially outer surface of which is adapted to accommodate a tool for rotating the gland. The terminal end of cylindrical wall also includes an abutment surface, which is adapted to engage a seal, which in turn engages a surface of a receiver. The receiver further includes a threaded portion for engagement with the threaded portion of gland whereby a tightening rotation of gland relative to receiver will cause relative movement between cylindrical walls and of gland. This movement causes a rotation of the conical structure and thus a bending action at bending area and at the bending end of the upper end of inner cylindrical wall. These rotational and bending actions result in a forcing of the deformable portion radially inwardly so as to contact and deform a pipe. This forcible contact creates a seal between gland and pipe, and simultaneously clamps the pipe in position.

A tilt and roll device for automated correction of rotational setup errors.

PubMed

Hornick, D C; Litzenberg, D W; Lam, K L; Balter, J M; Hetrick, J; Ten Haken, R K

1998-09-01

A tilt and roll device has been developed to add two additional degrees of freedom to an existing treatment table. This device allows computer-controlled rotational motion about the inferior-superior and left-right patient axes. The tilt and roll device comprises three supports between the tabletop and base. An automotive type universal joint welded to the end of a steel pipe supports the center of the table. Two computer-controlled linear electric actuators utilizing high accuracy stepping motors support the foot of table and control the tilt and roll of the tabletop. The current system meets or exceeds all pre-design specifications for precision, weight capacity, rigidity, and range of motion.

Helicity fluctuations and turbulent energy production in rotating and non-rotating pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Orlandi, P.

1995-01-01

Finite-difference second-order accurate direct simulation of a turbulent pipe has been used to investigate how the turbulence production and dissipation change when a solid body rotation is applied. It is shown that when the helicity increases, the dissipation is reduced. It is asserted that to have a drag reduction the external action should be such as to disrupt the symmetry of right- and left-handed helical structures. In this study the Navier-Stokes equations in rotational form permit the turbulent energy production to be split into a part related to the energy cascade from large to small scales and into a part related to the convection by large scales. The full simulation data have shown the latter is greater than the former in the wall region and that, on the contrary, these two terms balance each other in the central region. From the pdf of the former, it has been shown how the vortical structures are changed in the wall region by the background radiation and how they are related to the changes in the energy production.

Model of the hydrodynamic loads applied on a rotating halfbridge belonging to a circular settling tank

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dascalescu, A. E.; Lazaroiu, G.; Scupi, A. A.; Oanta, E.

2016-08-01

The rotating half-bridge of a settling tank is employed to sweep the sludge from the wastewater and to vacuum and sent it to the central collector. It has a complex geometry but the main beam may be considered a slender bar loaded by the following category of forces: concentrated forces produced by the weight of the scrapping system of blades, suction pipes, local sludge collecting chamber, plus the sludge in the horizontal sludge transporting pipes; forces produced by the access bridge; buoyant forces produced by the floating barrels according to Archimedes’ principle; distributed forces produced by the weight of the main bridge; hydrodynamic forces. In order to evaluate the hydrodynamic loads we have conceived a numerical model based on the finite volume method, using the ANSYS-Fluent software. To model the flow we used the equations of Reynolds Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) for liquids together with Volume of Fluid model (VOF) for multiphase flows. For turbulent model k-epsilon we used the equation for turbulent kinetic energy k and dissipation epsilon. These results will be used to increase the accuracy of the loads’ sub-model in the theoretical models, e. the finite element model and the analytical model.

ISS Node-1 and PMA-1 rotated in KSC's SSPF

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

The International Space Station's Node 1 and Pressurized Mating Adapter-1 (PMA-1) are rotated by workers in KSC's Space Station Processing Facility. The node is rotated to provide access to different areas of the flight element for processing. Here, the node is rotated to provide access for the installation of heat pipe radiators and a flight computer. The node is scheduled to launch into space on STS-88, slated for a July 9 liftoff at 1:11 p.m. from KSC's Launch Pad 39B.

Improvement of the thermal and mechanical flow characteristics in the exhaust system of piston engine through the use of ejection effect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plotnikov, L. V.; Zhilkin, B. P.; Brodov, Yu M.

2017-11-01

The results of experimental research of gas dynamics and heat transfer in the exhaust process in piston internal combustion engines are presented. Studies were conducted on full-scale models of piston engine in the conditions of unsteady gas-dynamic (pulsating flows). Dependences of the instantaneous flow speed and the local heat transfer coefficient from the crankshaft rotation angle in the exhaust pipe are presented in the article. Also, the flow characteristics of the exhaust gases through the exhaust systems of various configurations are analyzed. It is shown that installation of the ejector in the exhaust system lead to a stabilization of the flow and allows to improve cleaning of the cylinder from exhaust gases and to optimize the thermal state of the exhaust pipes. Experimental studies were complemented by numerical simulation of the working process of the DM-21 diesel engine (production of “Ural diesel-motor plant”). The object of modeling was the eight-cylinder diesel with turbocharger. The simulation was performed taking into account the processes nonstationarity in the intake and exhaust pipes for the various configurations of exhaust systems (with and without ejector). Numerical simulation of the working process of diesel was performed in ACTUS software (ABB Turbo Systems). The simulation results confirmed the stabilization of the flow due to the use of the ejection effect in the exhaust system of a diesel engine. The use of ejection in the exhaust system of the DM-21 diesel leads to improvement of cleaning cylinders up to 10 %, reduces the specific fuel consumption on average by 1 %.

37. REDUCTION PLANT DRYER Stainless steel screen cylinder, encased ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. REDUCTION PLANT - DRYER Stainless steel screen cylinder, encased within an outer steel shell (top half missing). As fish were tumbled by the rotating screen, they were cooked and dried by live steam piped into the dryer through overhead pipes. The dryer is mounted on a slight angle, aiding the process by moving the drying fish towards the exhaust end of the dryer. - Hovden Cannery, 886 Cannery Row, Monterey, Monterey County, CA

19. WHILE AUTOMATION REDUCED SOME LABORINTENSIVE POSITIONS, THESE LARGE ROTATING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. WHILE AUTOMATION REDUCED SOME LABOR-INTENSIVE POSITIONS, THESE LARGE ROTATING CLEANING MACHINES WHICH TUMBLED CASTINGS OVER EACH OTHER TO BREAK OFF EXCESS MATERIAL WHILE QUICKLY COOLING THE METALS IN THE MALLEABLE FOUNDRY PRIOR TO ANNEALING, STILL REQUIRED HAND SEPARATION OF THE EXCESS MATERIAL, CA. 1950. - Stockham Pipe & Fittings Company, 4000 Tenth Avenue North, Birmingham, Jefferson County, AL

Damping of a fluid-conveying pipe surrounded by a viscous annulus fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kjolsing, Eric J.; Todd, Michael D.

2017-04-01

To further the development of a downhole vibration based energy harvester, this study explores how fluid velocity affects damping in a fluid-conveying pipe stemming from a viscous annulus fluid. A linearized equation of motion is formed which employs a hydrodynamic forcing function to model the annulus fluid. The system is solved in the frequency domain through the use of the spectral element method. The three independent variables investigated are the conveyed fluid velocity, the rotational stiffness of the boundary (using elastic springs), and the annulus fluid viscosity. It was found that, due to the hydrodynamic functions frequency-dependence, increasing the conveyed fluid velocity increases the systems damping ratio. It was also noted that stiffer systems saw the damping ratio increase at a slower rate when compared to flexible systems as the conveyed fluid velocity was increased. The results indicate that overestimating the stiffness of a system can lead to underestimated damping ratios and that this error is made worse if the produced fluid velocity or annulus fluid viscosity is underestimated. A numeric example was provided to graphically illustrate these errors. Approved for publication, LA-UR-15-28006.

Three-dimensional nonlinear responses to impact loads on free-span pipeline: Torsional coupling and load steps

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chung, J.S.; Huttelmaier, H.P.; Cheng, B.R.

1995-12-31

For a heavy object falling on a free-span pipeline, this study assesses three-dimensional (3-D) pipe-span responses with the torsional ({theta}x-) coupling of a pipeline through the biaxial (y) bending responses. The static pipe-span equilibrium is achieved with its self-weight and buoyancy and the external torsional moment induced by the cross-flow (y-directional) current on the sagged pipe span. Load steps taken for 2 different sequences of applying static loads induced different pipe deformations, and the pipe twists in entirely different pattern. The two types of impact loads are applied in the vertical (z-) direction to excite the pipe span in itsmore » static equilibrium: (1) triangular impulse loading and (2) ramp loading. Boundary condition of the span supports is ``fixed-fixed`` at both ends in both displacement and rotation. 3-D coupled axial (x-), bending (y- and z-) and torsional ({theta}x-) responses, both state and dynamic, to the z-directional impact loadings, are modeled and analyzed by a nonlinear FEM method for a 16-in pipeline. The 3-D responses are compared with 2-D responses. The comparison shows significant torsional vibrations caused by the cross-flow current, especially for longer spans. The torsional ({theta}x-) coupling is very sensitive to the time-step size in achieving numerical stability and accuracy, particularly for the ramp loading and for a shorter span. For very large impact loads, the response frequencies differ from the fundamental frequencies of the span, exhibiting beatings and strong bending-to-axial and to-twist couplings. Also, the eigenvalues for the linear system are not necessarily the resonance frequencies for these nonlinear coupled responses.« less

Hydroelectric power plant with variable flow on drinking water adduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deaconu, S. I.; Babău, R.; Popa, G. N.; Gherman, P. L.

2018-01-01

The water feeding system of the urban and rural localities is mainly collected with feed pipes which can have different lengths and different levels. Before using, water must be treated. Since the treatment take place in the tanks, the pressure in the inlet of the station must be diminished. Many times the pressure must be reduced with 5-15 Barr and this is possible using valves, cavils, and so on. The flow capacity of the water consumption is highly fluctuating during one day, depending on the season, etc. This paper presents a method to use the hydroelectric potential of the feed pipes using a hydraulic turbine instead of the classical methods for decreasing the pressure. To avoid the dissipation of water and a good behavior of the power parameters it is used an asynchronous generator (AG) which is coupled at the electrical distribution network through a static frequency converter (SFC). The turbine has a simple structure without the classical devices (used to regulate the turbine blades). The speed of rotation is variable, depending on the necessary flow capacity in the outlet of the treatment station. The most important element of the automation is the static frequency converter (SFC) which allows speeds between 0 and 1.5 of the rated speed of rotation and the flow capacity varies accordingly with it.

Direct numerical simulation of turbulence in a bent pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schlatter, Philipp; Noorani, Azad

2013-11-01

A series of direct numerical simulations of turbulent flow in a bent pipe is presented. The setup employs periodic (cyclic) boundary conditions in the axial direction, leading to a nominally infinitely long pipe. The discretisation is based on the high-order spectral element method, using the code Nek5000. Four different curvatures, defined as the ratio between pipe radius and coil radius, are considered: κ = 0 (straight), 0.01 (mild curvature), 0.1 and 0.3 (strong curvature), at bulk Reynolds numbers of up to 11700 (corresponding to Reτ = 360 in the straight pipe case). The result show the turbulence-reducing effect of the curvature (similar to rotation), leading close to relaminarisation in the inner side; the outer side, however, remains fully turbulent. Prpoer orthogonal decomposition (POD) is used to extract the dominant modes, in an effort to explain low-frequency switching of sides inside the pipe. A number of additional interesting features are explored, which include sub-straight and sub-laminar drag for specific choices of curvature and Reynolds number: In particular the case with sub-laminar drag is investigated further, and our analysis shows the existence of a spanwise wave in the bent pipe, which in fact leads to lower overall pressure drop.

Evolution of turbulence characteristics from straight to curved pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El Khoury, George K.; Noorani, Azad; Schlatter, Philipp; Fischer, Paul F.

2012-11-01

Large-scale direct numerical simulations are performed to study turbulent flow in straight and bent pipes at four different Reynolds numbers: Reb = 5300 , 11700 (bent and straight) and 19000 and 37700 (only straight). We consider a pipe of radius R and axial length 25 R with curvature parameter κ taken to be 0 , 0 . 01 and 0 . 1 for zero, mild and strong curvatures, respectively. The code used is Nek5000 based on the spectral element method. In the straight configuration, the obtained DNS data is carefully checked against other recent simulations, highlighting minute differences between the available data. Owing to a centrifugal instability mechanism, the flow in bent pipe (κ ≠ 0) develops counter-rotating vortices, so-called Dean vortices. The presence of the secondary motion thus induces substantial asymmetries both in the mean flow and turbulence characteristics for the bent pipe. These asymmetries tend to damp turbulence along the inner side and correspondingly enhance it along the upper side. The results are validated with recent experiments, and we could confirm the peculiar behaviour of the friction factor for specific curvatures and Re , leading to a lower friction in curved pipes than in straight pipes for the same mass flux.

Apparatus for moving a pipe inspection probe through piping

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W.T.; Appel, D.K.; Lewis, G.W.

1995-07-18

A method and apparatus are disclosed for controllably moving devices for cleaning or inspection through piping systems, including piping systems with numerous piping bends therein, by using hydrostatic pressure of a working fluid introduced into the piping system. The apparatus comprises a reservoir or other source for supplying the working fluid to the piping system, a launch tube for admitting the device into the launcher and a reversible, positive displacement pump for controlling the direction and flow rate of the working fluid. The device introduced into the piping system moves with the flow of the working fluid through the piping system. The launcher attaches to the valved ends of a piping system so that fluids in the piping system can recirculate in a closed loop. The method comprises attaching the launcher to the piping system, supplying the launcher with working fluid, admitting the device into the launcher, pumping the working fluid in the direction and at the rate desired so that the device moves through the piping system for pipe cleaning or inspection, removing the device from the launcher, and collecting the working fluid contained in the launcher. 8 figs.

Apparatus for moving a pipe inspection probe through piping

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W. Thor; Appel, D. Keith; Lewis, Gregory W.

1995-01-01

A method and apparatus for controllably moving devices for cleaning or inspection through piping systems, including piping systems with numerous piping bends therein, by using hydrostatic pressure of a working fluid introduced into the piping system. The apparatus comprises a reservoir or other source for supplying the working fluid to the piping system, a launch tube for admitting the device into the launcher and a reversible, positive displacement pump for controlling the direction and flow rate of the working fluid. The device introduced into the piping system moves with the flow of the working fluid through the piping system. The launcher attaches to the valved ends of a piping system so that fluids in the piping system can recirculate in a closed loop. The method comprises attaching the launcher to the piping system, supplying the launcher with working fluid, admitting the device into the launcher, pumping the working fluid in the direction and at the rate desired so that the device moves through the piping system for pipe cleaning or inspection, removing the device from the launcher, and collecting the working fluid contained in the launcher.

Turbulent flow in a partially filled pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ng, Henry; Cregan, Hope; Dodds, Jonathan; Poole, Robert; Dennis, David

2017-11-01

Turbulent flow in a pressure driven pipe running partially full has been investigated using high-speed 2D-3C Stereoscopic Particle Imaging Velocimetry. With the field-of-view spanning the entire pipe cross section we are able to reconstruct the full three dimensional quasi-instantaneous flow field by invoking Taylor's hypothesis. The measurements were carried out over a range of flow depths at a constant Reynolds number based on hydraulic diameter and bulk velocity of Re = 32 , 000 . In agreement with previous studies, the ``velocity dip'' phenomenon, whereby the location of the maximum streamwise velocity occurs below the free surface was observed. A mean flow secondary current is observed near the free surface with each of the counter-rotating rollers filling the half-width of the pipe. Unlike fully turbulent flow in a rectangular open channel or pressurized square duct flow where the secondary flow cells appear in pairs about a corner bisector, the mean secondary motion observed here manifests only as a single pair of vortices mirrored about the pipe vertical centreline.

Noncontacting devices to indicate deflection and vibration of turbopump internal rotating parts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamilton, D. B.; Ensminger, D.; Grieser, D. R.; Plummer, A. M.; Saccocio, E. J.; Kissel, J. W.

1973-01-01

The research is reported which was conducted to develop devices for measuring vibrations and deflections of parts, such as impellers, shafts, turbine wheels, and inducers in operating turbopumps. Three devices were developed to the breadboard stage: ultrasonic Doppler transducer, flash X-rays, and light-pipe reflectance. It was found that the X-ray technique is applicable to the shaft assembly and the turbine seal of the J-2 pump, and the light-pipe-reflectance device appears to be ideal for cryogenic pump sections.

Numerical Prediction of Signal for Magnetic Flux Leakage Benchmark Task

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lunin, V.; Alexeevsky, D.

2003-03-01

Numerical results predicted by the finite element method based code are presented. The nonlinear magnetic time-dependent benchmark problem proposed by the World Federation of Nondestructive Evaluation Centers, involves numerical prediction of normal (radial) component of the leaked field in the vicinity of two practically rectangular notches machined on a rotating steel pipe (with known nonlinear magnetic characteristic). One notch is located on external surface of pipe and other is on internal one, and both are oriented axially.

Multifunctional Carbon Nanotube Fiber Composites

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-26

Opt. Eng. 4234 (Smart Materials), 223-23 1, (2001). 9. " Microfabricated Electroactive Carbon Nanotube Actuators", A. Ahluwalia, R.H. Baughman, D. De...peristaltic pumped circulating flow of PVA operating in an open loop consisting of a 1.5 m long, 0.40 cm diameter glass pipe , flex-tubing, and a polymer reserve...forming a gel-like ribbon that flows down the length of the pipe before being released into a rotating water bath where it is collected on a mandrel. Our

Sealed Plant-Growth Chamber For Clinostat

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Christopher S.; Dreschel, Thomas W.

1993-01-01

Laboratory chamber for growing plants used to measure photosynthesis and respiration in simulated microgravity. Holds plant specimens while rotated on clinostat, see article, "Clinostat Delivers Power To Plant-Growth Cabinets" (KSC-11537). Provides way of comparing gas-exchange rates of plants rotated horizontally on clinostat with those of stationary or vertically rotated plants. Gas extracted for analysis without stopping clinostat. Chamber includes potlike base and cylindrical cover, both made of transparent acrylic pipe. Gasket forms seal between cover and bottom plate of base. Cover bolted to pot baseplate, which in turn bolted to clinostat.

On prediction of crack in different orientations in pipe using frequency based approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naniwadekar, M. R.; Naik, S. S.; Maiti, S. K.

2008-04-01

A technique based on measurement of change in natural frequencies and modeling of crack by rotational spring is employed to detect a crack with straight front in different orientations in a section of straight horizontal steel hollow pipe (outer diameter 0.0378 m and inner diameter 0.0278 m). Crack orientations in the range 0-60° with the vertical have been examined and sizes/depths in the range 1-4 mm through the wall of thickness 5 mm have been studied. Variation of rotational spring stiffness with crack size and orientation has been obtained experimentally by deflection and vibration methods. The spring stiffness reduces as expected, with an increase in crack size; it increases with an increase in the crack orientation angle. The crack location has been predicted with a maximum error of 7.29%. The sensitivity of the method for prediction of crack location on variations in experimental data has been examined by changing the difference between the frequencies of pipes with and without crack by ±10%. The method is found to be very robust; the maximum variation in location is 2.68%, which is much less than the change in frequency difference introduced.

Collective operations in a file system based execution model

DOEpatents

Shinde, Pravin; Van Hensbergen, Eric

2013-02-12

A mechanism is provided for group communications using a MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system. A master application creates a multi-pipe synthetic file in the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system, the master application indicating a multi-pipe operation to be performed. The master application then writes a header-control block of the multi-pipe synthetic file specifying at least one of a multi-pipe synthetic file system name, a message type, a message size, a specific destination, or a specification of the multi-pipe operation. Any other application participating in the group communications then opens the same multi-pipe synthetic file. A MULTI-PIPE file system module then implements the multi-pipe operation as identified by the master application. The master application and the other applications then either read or write operation messages to the multi-pipe synthetic file and the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system module performs appropriate actions.

Collective operations in a file system based execution model

DOEpatents

Shinde, Pravin; Van Hensbergen, Eric

2013-02-19

A mechanism is provided for group communications using a MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system. A master application creates a multi-pipe synthetic file in the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system, the master application indicating a multi-pipe operation to be performed. The master application then writes a header-control block of the multi-pipe synthetic file specifying at least one of a multi-pipe synthetic file system name, a message type, a message size, a specific destination, or a specification of the multi-pipe operation. Any other application participating in the group communications then opens the same multi-pipe synthetic file. A MULTI-PIPE file system module then implements the multi-pipe operation as identified by the master application. The master application and the other applications then either read or write operation messages to the multi-pipe synthetic file and the MULTI-PIPE synthetic file system module performs appropriate actions.

Acoustic system for communication in pipelines

DOEpatents

Martin, II, Louis Peter; Cooper, John F [Oakland, CA

2008-09-09

A system for communication in a pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid. The system includes an encoding and transmitting sub-system connected to the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes that transmits a signal in the frequency range of 3-100 kHz into the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid, and a receiver and processor sub-system connected to the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid that receives said signal and uses said signal for a desired application.

Piping support system for liquid-metal fast-breeder reactor

DOEpatents

Brussalis, Jr., William G.

1984-01-01

A pipe support consisting of a rigid link pivotally attached to a pipe and an anchor, adapted to generate stress or strain in the link and pipe due to pipe thermal movement, which stress or strain can oppose further pipe movement and generally provides pipe support. The pipe support can be used in multiple combinations with other pipe supports to form a support system. This support system is most useful in applications in which the pipe is normally operated at a constant elevated or depressed temperature such that desired stress or strain can be planned in advance of pipe and support installation. The support system is therefore especially useful in steam stations and in refrigeration equipment.

Finite elements model of a rotating half-bridge belonging to a circular settling tank

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dascalescu, A. E.; Lazaroiu, G.; Scupi, A. A.; Oanta, E.

2016-08-01

A circular settling tank is an open reservoir used for the gravitational separation of the sludge and of the clarified water which is discharged in the launder which is mounted at the periphery of the basin. The extraction of the sludge is done by the use of a rotating half-bridge which sweeps the sludge, vacuums it using a system of scrapping blades and suction pipes, collects it in some local sludge chambers and pour it in a central collecting tank. The rotating half-bridge is a complex structure under a complex system of loads, therefore advanced instruments of investigation are required to assess the state of strains and stresses in this structure. Until now an analytical model was developed based on the hypotheses specific to the strength of materials academic discipline. The numerical models presented in the paper use the finite element method to determine the displacements of the main beam loaded by the weight of the structure and by the Archimedes’ forces. The results of the models developed so far are conclusive for the future directions of research which aims a higher degree of accuracy of the models and of the according research methodology.

Crack stability in a representative piping system under combined inertial and seismic/dynamic displacement-controlled stresses. Subtask 1.3 final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scott, P.; Olson, R.; Wilkowski, O.G.

1997-06-01

This report presents the results from Subtask 1.3 of the International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) program. The objective of Subtask 1.3 is to develop data to assess analysis methodologies for characterizing the fracture behavior of circumferentially cracked pipe in a representative piping system under combined inertial and displacement-controlled stresses. A unique experimental facility was designed and constructed. The piping system evaluated is an expansion loop with over 30 meters of 16-inch diameter Schedule 100 pipe. The experimental facility is equipped with special hardware to ensure system boundary conditions could be appropriately modeled. The test matrix involved one uncracked andmore » five cracked dynamic pipe-system experiments. The uncracked experiment was conducted to evaluate piping system damping and natural frequency characteristics. The cracked-pipe experiments evaluated the fracture behavior, pipe system response, and stability characteristics of five different materials. All cracked-pipe experiments were conducted at PWR conditions. Material characterization efforts provided tensile and fracture toughness properties of the different pipe materials at various strain rates and temperatures. Results from all pipe-system experiments and material characterization efforts are presented. Results of fracture mechanics analyses, dynamic finite element stress analyses, and stability analyses are presented and compared with experimental results.« less

Elasticity of fractal materials using the continuum model with non-integer dimensional space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarasov, Vasily E.

2015-01-01

Using a generalization of vector calculus for space with non-integer dimension, we consider elastic properties of fractal materials. Fractal materials are described by continuum models with non-integer dimensional space. A generalization of elasticity equations for non-integer dimensional space, and its solutions for the equilibrium case of fractal materials are suggested. Elasticity problems for fractal hollow ball and cylindrical fractal elastic pipe with inside and outside pressures, for rotating cylindrical fractal pipe, for gradient elasticity and thermoelasticity of fractal materials are solved.

30 CFR 75.1905-1 - Diesel fuel piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Diesel fuel piping systems. 75.1905-1 Section... Diesel fuel piping systems. (a) Diesel fuel piping systems from the surface must be designed and operated... spillage of fuel and that activates an alarm system. (b) All piping, valves and fittings must be— (1...

46 CFR 108.475 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Extinguishing Systems Foam Extinguishing Systems § 108.475 Piping. (a) Each pipe, valve, and fitting in a foam... pipe, valve, and fitting must have support and protection from damage. (d) Each foam extinguishing... to remove liquid from the system. (e) Piping in a foam extinguishing system must be used only for...

46 CFR 108.475 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Extinguishing Systems Foam Extinguishing Systems § 108.475 Piping. (a) Each pipe, valve, and fitting in a foam... pipe, valve, and fitting must have support and protection from damage. (d) Each foam extinguishing... to remove liquid from the system. (e) Piping in a foam extinguishing system must be used only for...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

46 CFR 154.506 - Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system..., Construction and Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.506 Mechanical expansion joint: Limits in a piping system. Mechanical expansion joints in a piping system outside of a cargo tank: (a) May be...

Spaceborne power systems preference analyses. Volume 2: Decision analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, J. H.; Feinberg, A.; Miles, R. F., Jr.

1985-01-01

Sixteen alternative spaceborne nuclear power system concepts were ranked using multiattribute decision analysis. The purpose of the ranking was to identify promising concepts for further technology development and the issues associated with such development. Four groups were interviewed to obtain preference. The four groups were: safety, systems definition and design, technology assessment, and mission analysis. The highest ranked systems were the heat-pipe thermoelectric systems, heat-pipe Stirling, in-core thermionic, and liquid-metal thermoelectric systems. The next group contained the liquid-metal Stirling, heat-pipe Alkali Metal Thermoelectric Converter (AMTEC), heat-pipe Brayton, liquid-metal out-of-core thermionic, and heat-pipe Rankine systems. The least preferred systems were the liquid-metal AMTEC, heat-pipe thermophotovoltaic, liquid-metal Brayton and Rankine, and gas-cooled Brayton. The three nonheat-pipe technologies selected matched the top three nonheat-pipe systems ranked by this study.

Discovery of the Rotating Molecular Outflow and Disk in the CLASS-0/I Protostar [BHB2007]#11 in Pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chihomi, Hara; Ryohei, Kawabe; Yoshito, Shimajiri; Junko, Ueda; Takashi, Tsukagoshi; Yasutaka, Kurono; Kazuya, Saigo; Fumitaka, Nakamura; Masao, Saito; Wilner, David

2013-07-01

The loss of angular momentum is inevitable in star formation processes, and the transportation of angular momentum by a molecular flow is widely thought to be one of the important processes. We present the results of our 2'h resolution Submillimeter Array (SMA) observations in CO, 13CO, and C18O(2-1) emissions toward a low-mass Class-0/I protostar, [BHB2007]#11 (hereafter B59#11) at the nearby star forming region, Barnard 59 in the Pipe Nebula (d=130 pc). B59#11 ejects a molecular outflow whose axis lies almost on the plane of the sky, and one of the best targets to investigate the envelope/disk rotation and the velocity structure of the molecular outflow. The 13CO and C18O observations have revealed that a compact (r ˜ 800 AU) and elongated structure of dense gas is associated with B59#11, which orients perpendicular to the outflow axis. Their distributions show the velocity gradients along their major axes, which are considered to arise from the envelope/disk rotation. The specific angular momentum is estimated to be (1.6+/-0.6)e-3 km/s pc. The power-law index of the radial profile of the rotation velocity changes from steeper one, i.e., ˜ -1 to -1/2 at a radius of 140 AU, suggesting the Keplerian disk is formed inside the radius. The central stellar mass is estimated to be ˜1.3 Msun. A collimated molecular outflow is detected from the CO observations. We found in the outflow a velocity gradient which direction is the same as that seen in the dense gas. This is interpreted to be due to the outflow rotation. The specific angular momentum of the outflow is comparable to that of the envelope, suggesting that this outflow play an important role to the ejection of the angular momentum from the envelope/disk system. This is the first case where both the Keplerian disk and the rotation of the molecular outflow were found in the Class-0 or I protostar, and provides one of good targets for ALMA to address the angular momentum ejection in course of star formation.

75 FR 68324 - Certain Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Japan, South Korea and Taiwan; Final Results...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-05

.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Scope of the Orders Japan The products covered by this order include certain... designing the piping system: (1) Corrosion of the piping system will occur if material other than stainless... designing the piping system: (1) Corrosion of the piping system will occur if material other than stainless...

Application of displacement monitoring system on high temperature steam pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghaffar, M. H. A.; Husin, S.; Baek, J. E.

2017-10-01

High-energy piping systems of power plants such as Main Steam (MS) pipe or Hot Reheat (HR) pipe are operating at high temperature and high pressure at base and cyclic loads. In the event of transient condition, a pipe can be deflected dramatically and caused high stress in the pipe, yielding to failure of the piping system. Periodic monitoring and walk down can identify abnormalities but limitations exist in the standard walk down practice. This paper provides a study of pipe displacement monitoring on MS pipe of coal-fired power plant to continuously capture the pipe movement behaviour at different load using 3-Dimensional Displacement Measuring System (3DDMS). The displacement trending at Location 5 and 6 (north and south) demonstrated pipes displace less than 25% to that of design movement. It was determined from synchronisation analysis that Location 7 (north) and Location 8 (south) pipe actual movement difference has exceeded the design movement difference. Visual survey at specified locations with significant displacement trending reveals issues of hydraulic snubber and piping interferences. The study demonstrated that the displacement monitoring is able to capture pipe movement at all time and allows engineer to monitor pipe movement behaviour, aids in identifying issue early for remedy action.

Soviet-West German Symposium on Heat Transfer in Cryogenic Systems, 3rd, Kharkov, Ukrainian SSR, Oct. 9-11, 1989, Proceedings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1990-04-01

The papers presented in this volume describe a rotating cryostat for the simulation of mechanical, thermal, and hydraulic processes in superconducting rotors; the problems of cooling the fully superconducting generator stator; an investigation of natural circulation by optical methods; and a method of calculating void fraction for vapor-liquid or gas-liquid flow conditions. Attention is given to an experimental study of the processes of He-3 boiling and condensation, heat transfer in He II at a slow variation of the heat load, an investigation of He II flow crisis in porous media, and cryogenic heat pipes. Other papers are on the stability of rotating superconducting windings for electric machines, the stability of high-temperature superconductors cooled by liquid nitrogen, a calculation of the transpiration cooling of a cylindrical porous wall, and pressure losses in boiling nitrogen flow through horizontal channels.

Pipe Crawler{reg_sign} internal piping characterization system - deactivation and decommissioning focus area. Innovative Technology Summary Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-02-01

Pipe Crawler{reg_sign} is a pipe surveying system for performing radiological characterization and/or free release surveys of piping systems. The technology employs a family of manually advanced, wheeled platforms, or crawlers, fitted with one or more arrays of thin Geiger Mueller (GM) detectors operated from an external power supply and data processing unit. Survey readings are taken in a step-wise fashion. A video camera and tape recording system are used for video surveys of pipe interiors prior to and during radiological surveys. Pipe Crawler{reg_sign} has potential advantages over the baseline and other technologies in areas of cost, durability, waste minimization, andmore » intrusiveness. Advantages include potentially reduced cost, potential reuse of the pipe system, reduced waste volume, and the ability to manage pipes in place with minimal disturbance to facility operations. Advantages over competing technologies include potentially reduced costs and the ability to perform beta-gamma surveys that are capable of passing regulatory scrutiny for free release of piping systems.« less

Nonlinear travelling waves in rotating Hagen–Poiseuille flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pier, Benoît; Govindarajan, Rama

2018-03-01

The dynamics of viscous flow through a rotating pipe is considered. Small-amplitude stability characteristics are obtained by linearizing the Navier–Stokes equations around the base flow and solving the resulting eigenvalue problems. For linearly unstable configurations, the dynamics leads to fully developed finite-amplitude perturbations that are computed by direct numerical simulations of the complete Navier–Stokes equations. By systematically investigating all linearly unstable combinations of streamwise wave number k and azimuthal mode number m, for streamwise Reynolds numbers {{Re}}z ≤slant 500 and rotational Reynolds numbers {{Re}}{{Ω }} ≤slant 500, the complete range of nonlinear travelling waves is obtained and the associated flow fields are characterized.

46 CFR 119.510 - Bilge piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Bilge piping system. 119.510 Section 119.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... Ballast Systems § 119.510 Bilge piping system. A vessel must be provided with a piping system that meets...

46 CFR 119.510 - Bilge piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Bilge piping system. 119.510 Section 119.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150... Ballast Systems § 119.510 Bilge piping system. A vessel must be provided with a piping system that meets...

Design and optimize of 3-axis filament winding machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Quanjin, Ma; Rejab, M. R. M.; Idris, M. S.; Bachtiar, B.; Siregar, J. P.; Harith, M. N.

2017-10-01

Filament winding technique is developed as the primary process for composite cylindrical structures fabrication at low cost. Fibres are wound on a rotating mandrel by a filament winding machine where resin impregnated fibres pass through a pay-out eye. This paper aims to develop and optimize a 3-axis, lightweight, practical, efficient, portable filament winding machine to satisfy the customer demand, which can fabricate pipes and round shape cylinders with resins. There are 3 main units on the 3-axis filament winding machine, which are the rotary unit, the delivery unit and control system unit. Comparison with previous existing filament winding machines in the factory, it has 3 degrees of freedom and can fabricate more complex shape specimens based on the mandrel shape and particular control system. The machine has been designed and fabricated on 3 axes movements with control system. The x-axis is for movement of the carriage, the y-axis is the rotation of mandrel and the z-axis is the movement of the pay-out eye. Cylindrical specimens with different dimensions and winding angles were produced. 3-axis automated filament winding machine has been successfully designed with simple control system.

A Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program to Model Flow Distribution in Fluid Networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Majumdar, Alok; Bailey, John W.; Schallhorn, Paul; Steadman, Todd

1998-01-01

This paper describes a general purpose computer program for analyzing steady state and transient flow in a complex network. The program is capable of modeling phase changes, compressibility, mixture thermodynamics and external body forces such as gravity and centrifugal. The program's preprocessor allows the user to interactively develop a fluid network simulation consisting of nodes and branches. Mass, energy and specie conservation equations are solved at the nodes; the momentum conservation equations are solved in the branches. The program contains subroutines for computing "real fluid" thermodynamic and thermophysical properties for 33 fluids. The fluids are: helium, methane, neon, nitrogen, carbon monoxide, oxygen, argon, carbon dioxide, fluorine, hydrogen, parahydrogen, water, kerosene (RP-1), isobutane, butane, deuterium, ethane, ethylene, hydrogen sulfide, krypton, propane, xenon, R-11, R-12, R-22, R-32, R-123, R-124, R-125, R-134A, R-152A, nitrogen trifluoride and ammonia. The program also provides the options of using any incompressible fluid with constant density and viscosity or ideal gas. Seventeen different resistance/source options are provided for modeling momentum sources or sinks in the branches. These options include: pipe flow, flow through a restriction, non-circular duct, pipe flow with entrance and/or exit losses, thin sharp orifice, thick orifice, square edge reduction, square edge expansion, rotating annular duct, rotating radial duct, labyrinth seal, parallel plates, common fittings and valves, pump characteristics, pump power, valve with a given loss coefficient, and a Joule-Thompson device. The system of equations describing the fluid network is solved by a hybrid numerical method that is a combination of the Newton-Raphson and successive substitution methods. This paper also illustrates the application and verification of the code by comparison with Hardy Cross method for steady state flow and analytical solution for unsteady flow.

46 CFR 154.500 - Cargo and process piping standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Equipment Cargo and Process Piping Systems § 154.500 Cargo and process piping standards. The cargo liquid and vapor piping and process piping systems must meet the requirements in §§ 154.503 through 154.562... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cargo and process piping standards. 154.500 Section 154...

30 CFR 75.1905-1 - Diesel fuel piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... storage facility. (h) The diesel fuel piping system must not be located in a borehole with electric power... Diesel fuel piping systems. (a) Diesel fuel piping systems from the surface must be designed and operated...) Capable of withstanding working pressures and stresses; (2) Capable of withstanding four times the static...

The change of the inlet geometry of a centrifugal compressor stage and its influence on the compressor performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Leilei; Yang, Ce; Zhao, Ben; Lao, Dazhong; Ma, Chaochen; Li, Du

2013-06-01

The impact on the compressor performance is important for designing the inlet pipe of the centrifugal compressor of a vehicle turbocharger with different inlet pipes. First, an experiment was performed to determine the compressor performance from three cases: a straight inlet pipe, a long bent inlet pipe and a short bent inlet pipe. Next, dynamic sensors were installed in key positions to collect the sign of the unsteady pressure of the centrifugal compressor. Combined with the results of numerical simulations, the total pressure distortion in the pipes, the pressure distributions on the blades and the pressure variability in the diffuser are studied in detail. The results can be summarized as follows: a bent pipe results in an inlet distortion to the compressor, which leads to performance degradation, and the effect is more apparent as the mass flow rate increases. The distortion induced by the bent inlet is not only influenced by the distance between the outlet of the bent section and the leading edge of the impeller but also by the impeller rotation. The flow fields in the centrifugal impeller and the diffuser are influenced by a coupling effect produced by the upstream inlet distortion and the downstream blocking effect from the volute tongue. If the inlet geometry is changed, the distributions and the fluctuation intensities of the static pressure on the main blade surface of the centrifugal impeller and in the diffuser are changed accordingly.

46 CFR 56.01-5 - Adoption of ASME B31.1 for power piping, and other standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES General § 56.01-5 Adoption of ASME B31.1 for power piping, and other standards. (a) Piping systems for ships and barges must be designed, constructed, and inspected in... subchapter. See 46 CFR 56.60-1(b) for the other adopted commercial standards applicable to piping systems...

A Corrosion Risk Assessment Model for Underground Piping

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Datta, Koushik; Fraser, Douglas R.

2009-01-01

The Pressure Systems Manager at NASA Ames Research Center (ARC) has embarked on a project to collect data and develop risk assessment models to support risk-informed decision making regarding future inspections of underground pipes at ARC. This paper shows progress in one area of this project - a corrosion risk assessment model for the underground high-pressure air distribution piping system at ARC. It consists of a Corrosion Model of pipe-segments, a Pipe Wrap Protection Model; and a Pipe Stress Model for a pipe segment. A Monte Carlo simulation of the combined models provides a distribution of the failure probabilities. Sensitivity study results show that the model uncertainty, or lack of knowledge, is the dominant contributor to the calculated unreliability of the underground piping system. As a result, the Pressure Systems Manager may consider investing resources specifically focused on reducing these uncertainties. Future work includes completing the data collection effort for the existing ground based pressure systems and applying the risk models to risk-based inspection strategies of the underground pipes at ARC.

Heat Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Phoenix Refrigeration Systems, Inc.'s heat pipe addition to the Phoenix 2000, a supermarket rooftop refrigeration/air conditioning system, resulted from the company's participation in a field test of heat pipes. Originally developed by NASA to control temperatures in space electronic systems, the heat pipe is a simple, effective, heat transfer system. It has been used successfully in candy storage facilities where it has provided significant energy savings. Additional data is expected to fully quantify the impact of the heat pipes on supermarket air conditioning systems.

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital system...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital system...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1034 kPa (150 psig) in a non-vital system...

Thermal Performance of High Temperature Titanium-Water Heat Pipes by Multiple Heat Pipe Manufacturers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanzi, James L.

2007-01-01

Titanium-water heat pipes are being investigated for use in heat rejection systems for lunar and Mars fission surface power systems. Heat pipes provide an efficient and reliable means to transfer heat to a radiator heat rejection system. NASA Glenn Research Center requisitioned nine titanium water heat pipes from three vendors. Each vendor supplied three heat pipes 1.25 cm diameter by 1.1 meter long with each vendor selecting a different wick design. Each of the three heat pipes is slightly different in construction. Additional specifications for the heat pipes included 500 K nominal operating temperature, light weight, and freeze tolerance. The heat pipes were performance tested gravity-aided, in the horizontal position and at elevations against gravity at 450 and 500 K. Performance of the three heat pipes is compared. The heat pipe data will be used to verify models of heat pipe radiators that will be used in future space exploration missions.

Thermal Performance of High Temperature Titanium -- Water Heat Pipes by Multiple Heat Pipe Manufacturers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanzi, James L.

2007-01-01

Titanium - water heat pipes are being investigated for use in heat rejection systems for lunar and Mars fission surface power systems. Heat pipes provide an efficient and reliable means to transfer heat to a radiator heat rejection system. NASA Glenn Research Center requisitioned nine titanium water heat pipes from three vendors. Each vendor supplied three heat pipes 1.25 cm diameter by 1.1 meter long with each vendor selecting a different wick design. Each of the three heat pipes is slightly different in construction. Additional specifications for the heat pipes included 500 K nominal operating temperature, light weight, and freeze tolerance. The heat pipes were performance tested gravity-aided, in the horizontal position and at elevations against gravity at 450 K and 500 K. Performance of the three heat pipes is compared. The heat pipe data will be used to verify models of heat pipe radiators that will be used in future space exploration missions.

Experimental analysis of flow structure in contra-rotating axial flow pump designed with different rotational speed concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Linlin; Watanabe, Satoshi; Imanishi, Toshiki; Yoshimura, Hiroaki; Furukawa, Akinori

2013-08-01

As a high specific speed pump, the contra-rotating axial flow pump distinguishes itself in a rear rotor rotating in the opposite direction of the front rotor, which remarkably contributes to the energy conversion, the reduction of the pump size, better hydraulic and cavitation performances. However, with two rotors rotating reversely, the significant interaction between blade rows was observed in our prototype contra-rotating rotors, which highly affected the pump performance compared with the conventional axial flow pumps. Consequently, a new type of rear rotor was designed by the rotational speed optimization methodology with some additional considerations, aiming at better cavitation performance, the reduction of blade rows interaction and the secondary flow suppression. The new rear rotor showed a satisfactory performance at the design flow rate but an unfavorable positive slope of the head — flow rate curve in the partial flow rate range less than 40% of the design flow rate, which should be avoided for the reliability of pump-pipe systems. In the present research, to understand the internal flow field of new rear rotor and its relation to the performances at the partial flow rates, the velocity distributions at the inlets and outlets of the rotors are firstly investigated. Then, the boundary layer flows on rotor surfaces, which clearly reflect the secondary flow inside the rotors, are analyzed through the limiting streamline observations using the multi-color oil-film method. Finally, the unsteady numerical simulations are carried out to understand the complicated internal flow structures in the rotors.

Determination of ac conductor and pipe loss in pipe-type cable systems. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Silver, D.A.; Seman, G.W.

1982-02-01

The results are presented of investigations into the determination of the ac/dc resistance ratios of high and extra high voltage pipe-type cables with conventional and large size segmental conductors in carbon steel, stainless steel and aluminum pipes in three cable per pipe and single cable per pipe configurations. The measurements included 115 through 765 kV cables with copper, enamel coated copper, and aluminum conductors in sizes of 2000 kcmil (1015 mm/sup 2/), 3250 kcmil (1650 mm/sup 2/), and 3500 kcmil (1776 mm/sup 2/). Calculations using presently available techniques were employed to provide correlation between measured and calculated values in bothmore » magnetic and non-magnetic pipes. In addition, a number of new techniques in conductor construction, pipe material and pipe liners and cable wraps were investigated as means of decreasing the ac/dc resistance ratios of pipe-type cables. Finally, the various systems studied were compared on the basis of system MVA rating and by evaluation of installed and overall operating costs as compared to conventional three cable per pipe systems installed in carbon steel pipes.« less

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa... Standards Institute (ANSI) B 31.1 “American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping,” or...

46 CFR 119.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 PASSENGERS MACHINERY INSTALLATION Piping Systems § 119.715 Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa... Standards Institute (ANSI) B 31.1 “American National Standard Code for Pressure Piping, Power Piping,” or...

30 CFR 75.1905-1 - Diesel fuel piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Diesel fuel piping systems. 75.1905-1 Section... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Diesel-Powered Equipment § 75.1905-1 Diesel fuel piping systems. (a) Diesel fuel piping systems from the surface must be designed and operated...

The development of a practical pipe auto-routing system in a shipbuilding CAD environment using network optimization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Shin-Hyung; Ruy, Won-Sun; Jang, Beom Seon

2013-09-01

An automatic pipe routing system is proposed and implemented. Generally, the pipe routing design as a part of the shipbuilding process requires a considerable number of man hours due to the complexity which comes from physical and operational constraints and the crucial influence on outfitting construction productivity. Therefore, the automation of pipe routing design operations and processes has always been one of the most important goals for improvements in shipbuilding design. The proposed system is applied to a pipe routing design in the engine room space of a commercial ship. The effectiveness of this system is verified as a reasonable form of support for pipe routing design jobs. The automatic routing result of this system can serve as a good basis model in the initial stages of pipe routing design, allowing the designer to reduce their design lead time significantly. As a result, the design productivity overall can be improved with this automatic pipe routing system

Detection of underground water distribution piping system and leakages using ground penetrating radar (GPR)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amran, Tengku Sarah Tengku; Ismail, Mohamad Pauzi; Ahmad, Mohamad Ridzuan; Amin, Mohamad Syafiq Mohd; Sani, Suhairy; Masenwat, Noor Azreen; Ismail, Mohd Azmi; Hamid, Shu-Hazri Abdul

2017-01-01

A water pipe is any pipe or tubes designed to transport and deliver water or treated drinking with appropriate quality, quantity and pressure to consumers. The varieties include large diameter main pipes, which supply entire towns, smaller branch lines that supply a street or group of buildings or small diameter pipes located within individual buildings. This distribution system (underground) is used to describe collectively the facilities used to supply water from its source to the point of usage. Therefore, a leaking in the underground water distribution piping system increases the likelihood of safe water leaving the source or treatment facility becoming contaminated before reaching the consumer. Most importantly, leaking can result in wastage of water which is precious natural resources. Furthermore, they create substantial damage to the transportation system and structure within urban and suburban environments. This paper presents a study on the possibility of using ground penetrating radar (GPR) with frequency of 1GHz to detect pipes and leakages in underground water distribution piping system. Series of laboratory experiment was designed to investigate the capability and efficiency of GPR in detecting underground pipes (metal and PVC) and water leakages. The data was divided into two parts: 1. detecting/locating underground water pipe, 2. detecting leakage of underground water pipe. Despite its simplicity, the attained data is proved to generate a satisfactory result indicating GPR is capable and efficient, in which it is able to detect the underground pipe and presence of leak of the underground pipe.

40 CFR 86.312-79 - Dynamometer and engine equipment specifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... system must have a single tail pipe. For engines designed for a dual exhaust system, a standard or... standard exhaust system components downstream of the “Y” pipe. For systems with the “Y” pipe upstream of... exhaust pipe downstream of the muffler(s) and from 3 to 20 feet downstream from the exhaust manifold...

46 CFR 50.05-5 - Existing boilers, pressure vessels or piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Existing boilers, pressure vessels or piping systems. 50... ENGINEERING GENERAL PROVISIONS Application § 50.05-5 Existing boilers, pressure vessels or piping systems. (a) Whenever doubt exists as to the safety of an existing boiler, pressure vessel, or piping system, the marine...

Research on the ITOC based scheduling system for ship piping production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Rui; Liu, Yu-Jun; Hamada, Kunihiro

2010-12-01

Manufacturing of ship piping systems is one of the major production activities in shipbuilding. The schedule of pipe production has an important impact on the master schedule of shipbuilding. In this research, the ITOC concept was introduced to solve the scheduling problems of a piping factory, and an intelligent scheduling system was developed. The system, in which a product model, an operation model, a factory model, and a knowledge database of piping production were integrated, automated the planning process and production scheduling. Details of the above points were discussed. Moreover, an application of the system in a piping factory, which achieved a higher level of performance as measured by tardiness, lead time, and inventory, was demonstrated.

Proceedings of the 1983 SPC/IREAPS Technical Symposium: Volume 1, Improving Shipbuilding Productivity. Held in Boston, MA on 23-25 August 1983

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-08-25

currently available Westinghouse CAE capabilities include plant layout, piping design, piping analysis , support/hanger design, and drawing preparation. The...considerations involved with the design and analysis of piping and support systems and space management in nuclear power plants are very similar to...piping analysis system can obtain input defini- tion data either from the plant modeling system or from piping drawings (for systems not designed using

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCarroll, R; Rubinstein, A; Kingsley, C

Purpose: New small-animal irradiators include extremely precise IGRT capabilities. However, mouse immobilization and localization remains a challenge. In particular, unlike week-to-week translational displacements, rotational changes in positioning are not easily corrected for in subject setup. Using two methods of setup, we aim to quantify week-to-week rotational variation in mice for the purpose of IGRT planning in small animal studies. Methods: Ten mice were imaged weekly using breath-hold CBCT (X-RAD 225 Cx), with the mouse positioned in a half-pipe support, providing 40 scans. A second group of two mice were positioned in a 3D printed immobilization device, which was created usingmore » a CT from a similarly shaped mouse, providing 10 scans. For each mouse, the first image was taken to be the reference image. Subsequent CT images were then rigidly registered, based on bony anatomy. Rotations in the axial (roll), sagittal (pitch), and coronal (yaw) planes were recorded and used to quantify variation in angular setup. Results: For the mice imaged in the half pipe, average magnitude of roll was found to be 5.4±4.6° (range: −12.9:18.86°), of pitch 1.6±1.3° (range: −1.4:4.7°), and of yaw 1.9±1.5° (range −5.4:1.1°). For the mice imaged in the printed setup; average magnitude of roll was found to be 0.64±0.6° (range: −2.1:1.0°), of pitch 0.6±0.4° (range: 0.0:1.3°), and of yaw 0.2±0.1° (range: 0.0:0.4°). The printed setup provided reduction in roll, pitch, and yaw by 88, 62, and 90 percent, respectively. Conclusion: For the typical setup routine, roll in mouse position is the dominant source of rotational variation. However, when a printed device was used, drastic improvements in mouse immobilization were seen. This work provides a promising foundation for mouse immobilization, required for full scale small animal IGRT. Currently, we are making improvements to allo±w the use of a similar system for MR, PET, and bioluminescence.« less

Energy saving potential of a two-pipe system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

DOE PAGES

Maccarini, Alessandro; Wetter, Michael; Afshari, Alireza; ...

2016-10-31

This paper analyzes the performance of a novel two-pipe system that operates one water loop to simultaneously provide space heating and cooling with a water supply temperature of around 22 °C. To analyze the energy performance of the system, a simulation-based research was conducted. The two-pipe system was modelled using the equation-based Modelica modeling language in Dymola. A typical office building model was considered as the case study. Simulations were run for two construction sets of the building envelope and two conditions related to inter-zone air flows. To calculate energy savings, a conventional four-pipe system was modelled and used formore » comparison. The conventional system presented two separated water loops for heating and cooling with supply temperatures of 45 °C and 14 °C, respectively. Simulation results showed that the two-pipe system was able to use less energy than the four-pipe system thanks to three effects: useful heat transfer from warm to cold zones, higher free cooling potential and higher efficiency of the heat pump. In particular, the two-pipe system used approximately between 12% and 18% less total annual primary energy than the four-pipe system, depending on the simulation case considered.« less

Energy saving potential of a two-pipe system for simultaneous heating and cooling of office buildings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maccarini, Alessandro; Wetter, Michael; Afshari, Alireza

This paper analyzes the performance of a novel two-pipe system that operates one water loop to simultaneously provide space heating and cooling with a water supply temperature of around 22 °C. To analyze the energy performance of the system, a simulation-based research was conducted. The two-pipe system was modelled using the equation-based Modelica modeling language in Dymola. A typical office building model was considered as the case study. Simulations were run for two construction sets of the building envelope and two conditions related to inter-zone air flows. To calculate energy savings, a conventional four-pipe system was modelled and used formore » comparison. The conventional system presented two separated water loops for heating and cooling with supply temperatures of 45 °C and 14 °C, respectively. Simulation results showed that the two-pipe system was able to use less energy than the four-pipe system thanks to three effects: useful heat transfer from warm to cold zones, higher free cooling potential and higher efficiency of the heat pump. In particular, the two-pipe system used approximately between 12% and 18% less total annual primary energy than the four-pipe system, depending on the simulation case considered.« less

In situ conversion process utilizing a closed loop heating system

DOEpatents

Sandberg, Chester Ledlie [Palo Alto, CA; Fowler, Thomas David [Houston, TX; Vinegar, Harold J [Bellaire, TX; Schoeber, Willen Jan Antoon Henri

2009-08-18

An in situ conversion system for producing hydrocarbons from a subsurface formation is described. The system includes a plurality of u-shaped wellbores in the formation. Piping is positioned in at least two of the u-shaped wellbores. A fluid circulation system is coupled to the piping. The fluid circulation system is configured to circulate hot heat transfer fluid through at least a portion of the piping to form at least one heated portion of the formation. An electrical power supply is configured to provide electrical current to at least a portion of the piping located below an overburden in the formation to resistively heat at least a portion of the piping. Heat transfers from the piping to the formation.

Underground pipeline laying using the pipe-in-pipe system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antropova, N.; Krets, V.; Pavlov, M.

2016-09-01

The problems of resource saving and environmental safety during the installation and operation of the underwater crossings are always relevant. The paper describes the existing methods of trenchless pipeline technology, the structure of multi-channel pipelines, the types of supporting and guiding systems. The rational design is suggested for the pipe-in-pipe system. The finite element model is presented for the most dangerous sections of the inner pipes, the optimum distance is detected between the roller supports.

Heat Pipes and Heat Rejection Component Testing at NASA Glenn Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanzi, James L.; Jaworske, Donald A.

2012-01-01

Titanium-water heat pipes are being evaluated for use in the heat rejection system for space fission power systems. The heat rejection syst em currently comprises heat pipes with a graphite saddle and a composite fin. The heat input is a pumped water loop from the cooling of the power conversion system. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has been life testing titanium-water heat pipes as well as eval uating several heat pipe radiator designs. The testing includes thermal modeling and verification of model, material compatibility, frozen startup of heat pipe radiators, and simulating low-gravity environments. Future thermal testing of titanium-water heat pipes includes low-g ravity testing of thermosyphons, radiation testing of heat pipes and fin materials, water pump performance testing, as well as Small Busine ss Innovation Research funded deliverable prototype radiator panels.

SU-E-T-317: Dynamic Modulated Brachytherapy (DMBT): Robotic Applicator Design.

PubMed

Han, Dae Yup; Webster, Matthew J; Devic, Slobodan; Vuong, Te; Scanderbeg, Dan; Song, William Y

2012-06-01

To investigate the hardware necessary for implementing our Dynamic Modulated Brachytherapy (DMBT) treatment concept for rectal cancer. The DMBT robot has three major parts: 1) shield and shield delivery module, 2) controlling module, and 3) DMBT controlling and monitoring software. The shield is a tungsten alloy cylinder (r=0.95cm, l=4.5cm) with a 5.5mm rectangular-shaped opening. The shield is controlled by an aluminum pipe with gear set (1:3) and linear actuator (2mm/turn). An Ir-192 radiation source will be placed through the aluminum pipe. The power source is a Nema-17 stepping motor with EvoDrive ST-17 (EVA Robotics, Queensland, Australia) and USB-6009 DAQ (National Instrument, Austin, TX). With our in-house operating program through LabView (National Instrument, Austin, TX), we can make and load plans for treatment as well as testing. Checking the shield position is also possible through the operating program. For safety, a lexan sheath tube and emergency buttons are built-in. The DMBT robot has 2 degrees of freedom, which are linear translation and rotation. With our power delivery system, the spatial resolutions are 0.0125mm (linear stage) and 0.012Ëš (rotation). In 0.5s, motors achieve the desired position with the maximum speeds 450 step/s (1Ëš), 7,500 step/s (30Ëš), and 12,000 step/s (5mm). Four registers are triggered with USB-6009 DAQ signals. The operating program includes gages for checking shield position, loading treatment plans, and safety buttons. In all, we have designed the hardware components of the DMBT system for rectal cancer. For treatment, the system needs more elements to support the DMBT robot; lexan sheath tube holder, DMBT robot security joint, and a system for reducing friction between the tube and shield. We will also refine our system to be more compact by using DC servomotors instead of the larger Nema-17 stepping motors. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

Development of a rotating electric field conductance sensor for measurement of water holdup in vertical oil–gas–water flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Da-Yang; Jin, Ning-De; Zhuang, Lian-Xin; Zhai, Lu-Sheng; Ren, Ying-Yu

2018-07-01

Three types of rotating electric field conductance sensors (REFCSs) with four, six, and eight electrodes are designed and optimized in this paper to measure the water holdup of oil–gas–water three-phase flow in vertical upward 20 mm inner diameter pipe. The geometric parameters of the REFCSs are optimized using finite element method to access highly sensitive and homogeneous detection fields. The performance of the REFCSs in the water holdup measurement of three-phase flows is experimentally evaluated by generalizing the Maxwell equation. Based on the measured water holdup from the REFCSs, the slippage behaviors in oil–gas–water are uncovered and the superficial velocity of the water phase is determined. The results show that the REFCSs present a high resolution in the water holdup measurement. The REFCS with eight electrodes has better performance than those with four- and six-electrodes, which indicates that its configuration and geometric parameters are more suitable for vertical oil–gas–water three-phase flow measurement in 20 mm inner diameter pipe.

Time-dependent flow model of a generalized Burgers' fluid with fractional derivatives through a cylindrical domain: An exact and numerical approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Safdar, Rabia; Imran, M.; Khalique, Chaudry Masood

2018-06-01

Exact solutions for velocity field and tangential stress for rotational flow of a generalized Burgers' fluid within an infinite circular pipe are derived by using the methods of Laplace and finite Hankel transformations. Firstly we take the position of fluid at rest and then the fluid flow due to the rotation of the pipe around the axis of flow having time dependant angular velocity. The exact solutions are presented in terms of the generalized Ga,b,c (., t) -functions. The corresponding results can be freely specified for the same results of Burgers', Oldroyd B, Maxwell, second grade and Newtonian fluids (performing the same motion) as particular cases of the results obtained earlier. The impact of the different parameters, individually and in comparison, are represented by graphical demonstrations. Secondly the numerical solutions for velocity and stress are also obtained with the help of Laplace transformation, Gaver Stehfest's algorithm and MATHCAD. Finally a comparison of both methods for the same problem is done and shows the consistency of results.

Tree root intrusion in sewer systems: A review of extent and costs

Treesearch

T.B. Randrup; E.G. McPherson; L.R. Costello

2001-01-01

Interference between trees and sewer systems is likely to occur in old systems and in cracked pipes. Factors that contribute to damage include old pipes with joints, shallow pipes, small-dimension pipes, and fast-growing tree species. Because roots are reported to cause >50% of all sewer blockages, costs associated with root removal from sewers is substantial. In...

46 CFR 56.04-10 - Other systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Other systems. 56.04-10 Section 56.04-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-10 Other systems. Piping systems and appurtenances not requiring plan...

46 CFR 56.04-10 - Other systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Other systems. 56.04-10 Section 56.04-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-10 Other systems. Piping systems and appurtenances not requiring plan...

46 CFR 56.04-10 - Other systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Other systems. 56.04-10 Section 56.04-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-10 Other systems. Piping systems and appurtenances not requiring plan...

46 CFR 56.04-10 - Other systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Other systems. 56.04-10 Section 56.04-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-10 Other systems. Piping systems and appurtenances not requiring plan...

46 CFR 56.04-10 - Other systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Other systems. 56.04-10 Section 56.04-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-10 Other systems. Piping systems and appurtenances not requiring plan...

Detection of active noise control on the standard motorcycle exhaust Supra X 125 D using PVC pipe technique form Y

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isranuri, I.; Alfisyahrin; Nasution, A. R.

2018-02-01

This detection aims to obtain noise reduction on the supra X 125D motorcycle exhaust by using the Active Noise Control Method. The technique is done using a Y-shaped PVC pipe to be bolted on the exhaust, which then branch Y PVC is placed loudspeaker with impermeable conditions. The function of this loudspeaker is as a secondary noise to counter the primary noise of the sound of exhaust motorcycle Supra X 125D. The sound generator in this study is the ISD 4004 module, which serves to generate noise to counter the source noise. How this ISD 4004 module works is by recording source noise then recording the source noise and then reversed the phase 180° by phase reversing circuit. So that, the noise generated by the sound generator will hit the source noise and encounter or such as addition of two different phase of sound will result in noise reduction when detected at the end of the Y-shaped PVC pipe. Inverted phase reversed using feed-back resistor 1 kΩ and 2 kΩ input resistors, 16V capacitor 2500μf and as amplifier using ICL 7660 and TL 702 CP. Test results on the highest 1000 rpm rotation engine speed on the Z axis of 2 dB, and at the highest 2000 rpm rotation engine speed also occurs on the Z axis of 1.5 dB.

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

Performance analysis of vortex based mixers for confined flows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buschhagen, Timo

The hybrid rocket is still sparsely employed within major space or defense projects due to their relatively poor combustion efficiency and low fuel grain regression rate. Although hybrid rockets can claim advantages in safety, environmental and performance aspects against established solid and liquid propellant systems, the boundary layer combustion process and the diffusion based mixing within a hybrid rocket grain port leaves the core flow unmixed and limits the system performance. One principle used to enhance the mixing of gaseous flows is to induce streamwise vorticity. The counter-rotating vortex pair (CVP) mixer utilizes this principle and introduces two vortices into a confined flow, generating a stirring motion in order to transport near wall media towards the core and vice versa. Recent studies investigated the velocity field introduced by this type of swirler. The current work is evaluating the mixing performance of the CVP concept, by using an experimental setup to simulate an axial primary pipe flow with a radially entering secondary flow. Hereby the primary flow is altered by the CVP swirler unit. The resulting setup therefore emulates a hybrid rocket motor with a cylindrical single port grain. In order to evaluate the mixing performance the secondary flow concentration at the pipe assembly exit is measured, utilizing a pressure-sensitive paint based procedure.

In situ damage monitoring in vibration mechanics: diagnostics and predictive maintenance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basseville, M.; Benveniste, A.; Gach-Devauchelle, B.; Goursat, M.; Bonnecase, D.; Dorey, P.; Prevosto, M.; Olagnon, M.

1993-09-01

A system identification approach is presented for damage monitoring in vibration mechanics. Identification, detection, and diagnostics are performed using accelerometer measurements from the system at work so that the excitation is not controlled, usually not observed and may involve turbulent phenomena. Targeted applications include power engineering (rotating machines, core and pipes of nuclear power plants), civil engineering (large buildings subject to hurricanes or earthquakes, bridges, dams, offshore structures), aeronautics (wings and other structures subject to strength), automobile, rail transportation etc. The method is illustrated by a laboratory example, and the results of 3 years industrial usage. This paper is a progress report on a 10 year project involving three people almost permanently. We describe here the whole approach but omit the technical details which are available in previous papers.

Study on pipe deflection by using numerical method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husaini; Zaki Mubarak, Amir; Agustiar, Rizki

2018-05-01

Piping systems are widely used in a refinery or oil and gas industry. The piping system must be properly designed to avoid failure or leakage. Pipe stress analysis is conducted to analyze the loads and critical stress occurred, so that the failure of the pipe can be avoided. In this research, it is analyzed the deflection of a pipe by using Finite Element Method. The pipe is made of A358 / 304SS SCH10S Stainless Steel. It is 16 inches in size with the distance between supports is 10 meters. The fluid flown is Liquid Natural Gas (LNG) with the range of temperature of -120 ° C to -170 ° C, and a density of 461.1 kg / m 3. The flow of LNG causes deflection of the pipe. The pipe deflection must be within the permissible tolerable range. The objective is to analyze the deflection occurred in the piping system. Based on the calculation and simulation, the deflection is 4.4983 mm, which is below the maximum limit of deflection allowed, which is 20.3 mm.

Heat pipe heat rejection system and demonstration model for the nuclear electric propulsion (NEP) spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ernst, D. M.

1981-01-01

The critical evaluation and subsequent redesign of the power conversion subsystem of the spacecraft are covered. As part of that evaluation and redesign, prototype heat pipe components for the heat rejection system were designed fabricated and tested. Based on the results of these tests in conjunction with changing mission requirements and changing energy conversion devices, new system designs were investigated. The initial evaluation and redesign was based on state-of-the-art fabrication and assembly techniques for high temperature liquid metal heat pipes and energy conversion devices. The hardware evaluation demonstrated the validity of several complicated heat pipe geometries and wick structures, including an annular-to-circular transition, bends in the heat pipe, long heat pipe condensers and arterial wicks. Additionally, a heat pipe computer model was developed which describes the end point temperature profile of long radiator heat pipes to within several degrees celsius.

Heat pipe radiator. [for spacecraft waste heat rejection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swerdling, B.; Alario, J.

1973-01-01

A 15,000 watt spacecraft waste heat rejection system utilizing heat pipe radiator panels was investigated. Of the several concepts initially identified, a series system was selected for more in-depth analysis. As a demonstration of system feasibility, a nominal 500 watt radiator panel was designed, built and tested. The panel, which is a module of the 15,000 watt system, consists of a variable conductance heat pipe (VCHP) header, and six isothermalizer heat pipes attached to a radiating fin. The thermal load to the VCHP is supplied by a Freon-21 liquid loop via an integral heat exchanger. Descriptions of the results of the system studies and details of the radiator design are included along with the test results for both the heat pipe components and the assembled radiator panel. These results support the feasibility of using heat pipes in a spacecraft waste heat rejection system.

46 CFR 154.1735 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... mixture must have a refrigeration system without vapor compression or have a refrigeration system with the... separate cargo piping, vent piping, and refrigeration equipment for methyl acetylene-propadiene that are segregated from other cargo piping, vent piping and refrigeration equipment on the vessel. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR...

46 CFR 154.1735 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... mixture must have a refrigeration system without vapor compression or have a refrigeration system with the... separate cargo piping, vent piping, and refrigeration equipment for methyl acetylene-propadiene that are segregated from other cargo piping, vent piping and refrigeration equipment on the vessel. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR...

46 CFR 154.1735 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... mixture must have a refrigeration system without vapor compression or have a refrigeration system with the... separate cargo piping, vent piping, and refrigeration equipment for methyl acetylene-propadiene that are segregated from other cargo piping, vent piping and refrigeration equipment on the vessel. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR...

46 CFR 154.1735 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... mixture must have a refrigeration system without vapor compression or have a refrigeration system with the... separate cargo piping, vent piping, and refrigeration equipment for methyl acetylene-propadiene that are segregated from other cargo piping, vent piping and refrigeration equipment on the vessel. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR...

46 CFR 154.1735 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... mixture must have a refrigeration system without vapor compression or have a refrigeration system with the... separate cargo piping, vent piping, and refrigeration equipment for methyl acetylene-propadiene that are segregated from other cargo piping, vent piping and refrigeration equipment on the vessel. [CGD 74-289, 44 FR...

A heat receiver design for solar dynamic space power systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, Karl W.; Dustin, Miles O.; Crane, Roger

1990-01-01

An advanced heat pipe receiver designed for a solar dynamic space power system is described. The power system consists of a solar concentrator, solar heat receiver, Stirling heat engine, linear alternator and waste heat radiator. The solar concentrator focuses the sun's energy into a heat receiver. The engine and alternator convert a portion of this energy to electric power and the remaining heat is rejected by a waste heat radiator. Primary liquid metal heat pipes transport heat energy to the Stirling engine. Thermal energy storage allows this power system to operate during the shade portion of an orbit. Lithium fluoride/calcium fluoride eutectic is the thermal energy storage material. Thermal energy storage canisters are attached to the midsection of each heat pipe. The primary heat pipes pass through a secondary vapor cavity heat pipe near the engine and receiver interface. The secondary vapor cavity heat pipe serves three important functions. First, it smooths out hot spots in the solar cavity and provides even distribution of heat to the engine. Second, the event of a heat pipe failure, the secondary heat pipe cavity can efficiently transfer heat from other operating primary heat pipes to the engine heat exchanger of the defunct heat pipe. Third, the secondary heat pipe vapor cavity reduces temperature drops caused by heat flow into the engine. This unique design provides a high level of reliability and performance.

Pipe inspection using the pipe crawler. Innovative technology summary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1999-05-01

The US Department of Energy (DOE) continually seeks safer and more cost-effective remediation technologies for use in the decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) of nuclear facilities. In several of the buildings at the Fernald Site, there is piping that was used to transport process materials. As the demolition of these buildings occur, disposal of this piping has become a costly issue. Currently, all process piping is cut into ten-foot or less sections, the ends of the piping are wrapped and taped to prevent the release of any potential contaminants into the air, and the piping is placed in rollmore » off boxes for eventual repackaging and shipment to the Nevada Test Site (NTS) for disposal. Alternatives that allow for the onsite disposal of process piping are greatly desired due to the potential for dramatic savings in current offsite disposal costs. No means is currently employed to allow for the adequate inspection of the interior of piping, and consequently, process piping has been assumed to be internally contaminated and thus routinely disposed of at NTS. The BTX-II system incorporates a high-resolution micro color camera with lightheads, cabling, a monitor, and a video recorder. The complete probe is capable of inspecting pipes with an internal diameter (ID) as small as 1.4 inches. By using readily interchangeable lightheads, the same system is capable of inspecting piping up to 24 inches in ID. The original development of the BTX system was for inspection of boiler tubes and small diameter pipes for build-up, pitting, and corrosion. However, the system is well suited for inspecting the interior of most types of piping and other small, confined areas. The report describes the technology, its performance, uses, cost, regulatory and policy issues, and lessons learned.« less

Robotic platform for traveling on vertical piping network

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nance, Thomas A; Vrettos, Nick J; Krementz, Daniel

This invention relates generally to robotic systems and is specifically designed for a robotic system that can navigate vertical pipes within a waste tank or similar environment. The robotic system allows a process for sampling, cleaning, inspecting and removing waste around vertical pipes by supplying a robotic platform that uses the vertical pipes to support and navigate the platform above waste material contained in the tank.

BOA: Asbestos pipe-insulation removal robot system, Phase 2. Topical report, January--June 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schempf, H.; Bares, J.E.

This report explored the regulatory impact and cost-benefit of a robotic thermal asbestos pipe-insulation removal system over the current manual abatement work practice. The authors are currently in the second phase of a two-phase program to develop a robotic asbestos abatement system, comprised of a ground-based support system (including vacuum, fluid delivery, computing/electronics/power, and other subsystems) and several on-pipe removal units, each sized to handle pipes within a given diameter range. The intent of this study was to (i) aid in developing design and operational criteria for the overall system to maximize cost-efficiency, and (ii) to determine the commercial potentialmore » of a robotic pipe-insulation abatement system.« less

Coupled reactor kinetics and heat transfer model for heat pipe cooled reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wright, Steven A.; Houts, Michael

2001-02-01

Heat pipes are often proposed as cooling system components for small fission reactors. SAFE-300 and STAR-C are two reactor concepts that use heat pipes as an integral part of the cooling system. Heat pipes have been used in reactors to cool components within radiation tests (Deverall, 1973); however, no reactor has been built or tested that uses heat pipes solely as the primary cooling system. Heat pipe cooled reactors will likely require the development of a test reactor to determine the main differences in operational behavior from forced cooled reactors. The purpose of this paper is to describe the results of a systems code capable of modeling the coupling between the reactor kinetics and heat pipe controlled heat transport. Heat transport in heat pipe reactors is complex and highly system dependent. Nevertheless, in general terms it relies on heat flowing from the fuel pins through the heat pipe, to the heat exchanger, and then ultimately into the power conversion system and heat sink. A system model is described that is capable of modeling coupled reactor kinetics phenomena, heat transfer dynamics within the fuel pins, and the transient behavior of heat pipes (including the melting of the working fluid). This paper focuses primarily on the coupling effects caused by reactor feedback and compares the observations with forced cooled reactors. A number of reactor startup transients have been modeled, and issues such as power peaking, and power-to-flow mismatches, and loading transients were examined, including the possibility of heat flow from the heat exchanger back into the reactor. This system model is envisioned as a tool to be used for screening various heat pipe cooled reactor concepts, for designing and developing test facility requirements, for use in safety evaluations, and for developing test criteria for in-pile and out-of-pile test facilities. .

46 CFR 154.519 - Piping relief valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Process Piping Systems § 154.519 Piping relief valves. (a) The liquid relief valve that protects the cargo piping system from liquid pressure exceeding the design pressure must discharge into: (1) A cargo tank; or (2) A cargo vent mast if that vent mast has a means for the detection and removal of the liquid...

46 CFR 154.519 - Piping relief valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Process Piping Systems § 154.519 Piping relief valves. (a) The liquid relief valve that protects the cargo piping system from liquid pressure exceeding the design pressure must discharge into: (1) A cargo tank; or (2) A cargo vent mast if that vent mast has a means for the detection and removal of the liquid...

46 CFR 154.519 - Piping relief valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Process Piping Systems § 154.519 Piping relief valves. (a) The liquid relief valve that protects the cargo piping system from liquid pressure exceeding the design pressure must discharge into: (1) A cargo tank; or (2) A cargo vent mast if that vent mast has a means for the detection and removal of the liquid...

46 CFR 154.519 - Piping relief valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Process Piping Systems § 154.519 Piping relief valves. (a) The liquid relief valve that protects the cargo piping system from liquid pressure exceeding the design pressure must discharge into: (1) A cargo tank; or (2) A cargo vent mast if that vent mast has a means for the detection and removal of the liquid...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

30 CFR 75.1101-12 - Equivalent dry-pipe system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Fire Protection § 75.1101-12 Equivalent dry-pipe system. Where water sprinkler systems are installed to protect main and secondary belt... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Equivalent dry-pipe system. 75.1101-12 Section...

46 CFR 151.50-79 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... suction line. (c) The piping system, including the cargo refrigeration system, for tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture must be completely separate from piping and refrigeration systems for other tanks. If the piping system for the tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture is...

46 CFR 151.50-79 - Methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... suction line. (c) The piping system, including the cargo refrigeration system, for tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture must be completely separate from piping and refrigeration systems for other tanks. If the piping system for the tanks to be loaded with methyl acetylene-propadiene mixture is...

[Effect of chloramines disinfection for biofilm formation control on copper and stainless steel pipe materials].

PubMed

Zhou, Ling-ling; Zhang, Yong-ji; Li, Xing; Li, Gui-bai

2008-12-01

Two rotating annular bioreactors (RABs) with copper and stainless steel pipe materials were adopted in the study, the effects of these two pipe materials and chloramines disinfection on biofilms formation in drinking water distribution system were evaluated. The maximum viable bacterial number in biofilm of copper and stainless steel reached 5.5 x 10(3) CFU/cm2 and 2.5 x 10(5) CFU/cm2 at 18th and 21st day without chloramines, and the viable bacterial number at the apparent steady state was 1.0 x 10(3) CFU/cm2 and 1.3 x 10(5) CFU/cm2 respectively. It was obvious that the biomass on copper materials was lower than that of the stainless steel. The maximum viable bacterial on copper and stainless steel under chloramines was 5.0 x 10(2) CFU/cm2 and 5.0 x 10(4) CFU/cm2, which was one order of magnitude lower than that of without chloramines, and its number was 10 CFU/cm2 and 3.5 x 10(4) CFU/cm2 at the steady state. These results illustrated that chloramines had apparent ability in controlling biomass when the biofilm was on steady states, especially for copper material. There was exponential relationship between biomass in biofilm and residue chloramines, which meant less biomass with more chloramines, synergistic effects were observed between chloramines and copper materials on biomass in biofilms inactivation.

Computer program determines gas flow rates in piping systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franke, R.

1966-01-01

Computer program calculates the steady state flow characteristics of an ideal compressible gas in a complex piping system. The program calculates the stagnation and total temperature, static and total pressure, loss factor, and forces on each element in the piping system.

Ultrasonic pipe assessment

DOEpatents

Thomas, Graham H.; Morrow, Valerie L.; Levie, Harold; Kane, Ronald J.; Brown, Albert E.

2003-12-23

An ultrasonic pipe or other structure assessment system includes an ultrasonic transducer positioned proximate the pipe or other structure. A fluid connection between the ultrasonic transducer and the pipe or other structure is produced. The ultrasonic transducer is moved relative to the pipe or other structure.

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... described in § 3280.706(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought-iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing...

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... described in § 3280.706(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought-iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing...

Non-intrusive cooling system

DOEpatents

Morrison, Edward F.; Bergman, John W.

2001-05-22

A readily replaceable heat exchange cooling jacket for applying fluid to a system conduit pipe. The cooling jacket comprises at least two members, separable into upper and lower portions. A chamber is formed between the conduit pipe and cooling jacket once the members are positioned about the pipe. The upper portion includes a fluid spray means positioned above the pipe and the bottom portion includes a fluid removal means. The heat exchange cooling jacket is adaptable with a drain tank, a heat exchanger, a pump and other standard equipment to provide a system for removing heat from a pipe. A method to remove heat from a pipe, includes the steps of enclosing a portion of the pipe with a jacket to form a chamber between an outside surface of the pipe and the cooling jacket; spraying cooling fluid at low pressure from an upper portion of the cooling jacket, allowing the fluid to flow downwardly by gravity along the surface of the pipe toward a bottom portion of the chamber; and removing the fluid at the bottom portion of the chamber.

Pipe support for use in a nuclear system

DOEpatents

Pollono, Louis P.; Mello, Raymond M.

1977-01-01

A pipe support for high temperature, thin-walled vertical piping runs used in a nuclear system. A cylindrical pipe transition member, having the same inside diameter as the thin-walled piping, replaces a portion of the piping where support is desired. The outside diameter of the pipe transition member varies axially along its vertical dimension. For a section of the axial length adjacent the upper and lower terminations of the pipe transition member, the outside diameter is the same as the outside diameter of the thin-walled piping to which it is affixed. Intermediate of the termination sections, the outside diameter increases from the top of the member to the bottom. Adjacent the lower termination section, the diameter abruptly becomes the same as the piping. Thus, the cylindrical transition member is formed to have a generally triangular shaped cross-section along the axial dimension. Load-bearing insulation is installed next to the periphery of the member and is kept in place by an outer ring clamp. The outer ring clamp is connected to pipe hangers, which provide the desired support for the vertical thin-walled piping runs.

Assimilable organic carbon release, chemical migration, and drinking water impacts of multiple brands of plastic pipes available in the USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Connell, Matthew

Increased installation of polymer potable water pipes in United States plumbing systems has created a need to thoroughly evaluate their water quality impacts. Eleven brands of new polymer drinking water pipe were evaluated for assimilable organic carbon (AOC) release at room temperature for 28 days. They included polyvinyl chloride (PVC), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), polypropylene (PP), and cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) pipes. Three of eight PEX pipe brands exceeded a 100 microg/L AOC threshold for microbial regrowth for the first exposure period and no brands exceeded this value on day 28. No detectable increase in AOC was found for PP and PEX-a1 pipes; the remaining pipe brands contributed marginal AOC levels. Water quality impacts were more fully evaluated for two brands of PEX-b and one brand of PP pipe. PEX pipes released more total organic carbon (TOC), volatile organic compounds (VOC), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOC) and caused greater odor than the PP pipe. All three materials showed reductions in these water quality parameters over 30 days. Three PEX pipe field studies revealed that aged systems did not display more intense odors than distribution systems. However, the organic releases from polymer pipes may still alter water quality and contribute to rapid microbial growth, even though the aesthetic impacts are temporary.

Rotationally Molded Liquid Crystalline Polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, Martin; Stevenson, Paige; Scribben, Eric; Baird, Donald; Hulcher, Bruce

2002-01-01

Rotational molding is a unique process for producing hollow plastic parts. Rotational molding offers advantages of low cost tooling and can produce very large parts with complicated shapes. Products made by rotational molding include water tanks with capacities up to 20,000 gallons, truck bed liners, playground equipment, air ducts, Nylon fuel tanks, pipes, toys, stretchers, kayaks, pallets, and many others. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are an important class of engineering resins employed in a wide variety of applications. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers resins are composed of semi-rigid, nearly linear polymeric chains resulting in an ordered mesomorphic phase between the crystalline solid and the isotropic liquid. Ordering of the rigid rod-like polymers in the melt phase yields microfibrous, self-reinforcing polymer structures with outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. Rotational molding of liquid crystalline polymer resins results in high strength and high temperature hollow structures useful in a variety of applications. Various fillers and reinforcements can potentially be added to improve properties of the hollow structures. This paper focuses on the process and properties of rotationally molded liquid crystalline polymers.

Analysis, Verification, and Application of Equations and Procedures for Design of Exhaust-pipe Shrouds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellerbrock, Herman H.; Wcislo, Chester R.; Dexter, Howard E.

1947-01-01

Investigations were made to develop a simplified method for designing exhaust-pipe shrouds to provide desired or maximum cooling of exhaust installations. Analysis of heat exchange and pressure drop of an adequate exhaust-pipe shroud system requires equations for predicting design temperatures and pressure drop on cooling air side of system. Present experiments derive such equations for usual straight annular exhaust-pipe shroud systems for both parallel flow and counter flow. Equations and methods presented are believed to be applicable under certain conditions to the design of shrouds for tail pipes of jet engines.

46 CFR 105.20-5 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... that seamless steel pipe or tubing which provides equivalent safety may be used for diesel cargo... that steel or nodular iron may be used in cargo systems utilizing steel pipe or tubing. (c) Aluminium...

46 CFR 105.20-5 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... that seamless steel pipe or tubing which provides equivalent safety may be used for diesel cargo... that steel or nodular iron may be used in cargo systems utilizing steel pipe or tubing. (c) Aluminium...

46 CFR 105.20-5 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... that seamless steel pipe or tubing which provides equivalent safety may be used for diesel cargo... that steel or nodular iron may be used in cargo systems utilizing steel pipe or tubing. (c) Aluminium...

46 CFR 105.20-5 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... that seamless steel pipe or tubing which provides equivalent safety may be used for diesel cargo... that steel or nodular iron may be used in cargo systems utilizing steel pipe or tubing. (c) Aluminium...

Experimental Investigation of Concrete Runway Snow Melting Utilizing Heat Pipe Technology

PubMed Central

Su, Xin; Ye, Qing; Fu, Jianfeng

2018-01-01

A full scale snow melting system with heat pipe technology is built in this work, which avoids the negative effects on concrete structure and environment caused by traditional deicing chemicals. The snow melting, ice-freezing performance and temperature distribution characteristics of heat pipe concrete runway were discussed by the outdoor experiments. The results show that the temperature of the concrete pavement is greatly improved with the heat pipe system. The environment temperature and embedded depth of heat pipe play a dominant role among the decision variables of the snow melting system. Heat pipe snow melting pavement melts the snow completely and avoids freezing at any time when the environment temperature is below freezing point, which is secure enough for planes take-off and landing. Besides, the exportation and recovery of geothermal energy indicate that this system can run for a long time. This paper will be useful for the design and application of the heat pipe used in the runway snow melting. PMID:29551957

Experimental Investigation of Concrete Runway Snow Melting Utilizing Heat Pipe Technology.

PubMed

Chen, Fengchen; Su, Xin; Ye, Qing; Fu, Jianfeng

2018-01-01

A full scale snow melting system with heat pipe technology is built in this work, which avoids the negative effects on concrete structure and environment caused by traditional deicing chemicals. The snow melting, ice-freezing performance and temperature distribution characteristics of heat pipe concrete runway were discussed by the outdoor experiments. The results show that the temperature of the concrete pavement is greatly improved with the heat pipe system. The environment temperature and embedded depth of heat pipe play a dominant role among the decision variables of the snow melting system. Heat pipe snow melting pavement melts the snow completely and avoids freezing at any time when the environment temperature is below freezing point, which is secure enough for planes take-off and landing. Besides, the exportation and recovery of geothermal energy indicate that this system can run for a long time. This paper will be useful for the design and application of the heat pipe used in the runway snow melting.

Lonely GPFUTV-the movement of water under the action of unknown vacuum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Weiyi

2013-11-01

In this paper, firstly, the experiment on the flow resistance of the aerated pipe flow is introduced. The experimental research on comparison between different volumes of air entrained is presented. Secondly, the characteristics of gravity pipe flow under the action of Torricelli's vacuum, shortly called as GPFUTV are dissertated, including creative and functional design, fundamental principle, etc. Under the joint action of an unknown vacuum energy and the formation of non-aerated flow the water flow is full-pipe and continuous, high-speed and non-rotational as distinguished from turbulent flow. Thirdly, an appeal in relation to the experimental research, the applied studies and basic theory research is given. For instance, experimental study of Torricelli's experiment phenomenon in the vacuum environment, applied study of the potential for GPFUTV to be developed for deep seawater suction technology and lifting technology for deep ocean mining, theoretical study of flow stability and flow resistance under GPFUTV condition, etc. At last, the famous GPFUTV project is illustrated. 12 years of rigorous and independent survey research.

Heat pipe heat transport system for the Stirling Space Power Converter (SSPC)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alger, Donald L.

1992-01-01

Life issues relating to a sodium heat pipe heat transport system are described. The heat pipe system provides heat, at a temperature of 1050 K, to a 50 kWe Stirling engine/linear alternator power converter called the Stirling Space Power Converter (SSPC). The converter is being developed under a National Aeronautics and Space Administration program. Since corrosion of heat pipe materials in contact with sodium can impact the life of the heat pipe, a literature review of sodium corrosion processes was performed. It was found that the impurity reactions, primarily oxygen, and dissolution of alloy elements were the two corrosion process likely to be operative in the heat pipe. Approaches that are being taken to minimize these corrosion processes are discussed.

46 CFR 56.50-85 - Tank-vent piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-control systems or other, equivalent means, together with gauging devices and procedures for filling cargo... COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems § 56.50-85 Tank-vent piping. (a) This section...

System and Method for Traversing Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Graf, Jodi (Inventor); Pettinger, Ross (Inventor); Azimi, Shaun (Inventor); Magruder, Darby (Inventor); Ridley, Justin (Inventor); Lapp, Anthony (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A system and method is provided for traversing inside one or more pipes. In an embodiment, a fluid is injected into the one or more pipes thereby promoting a fluid flow. An inspection device is deployed into the one or more pipes at least partially filled with a flowing fluid. The inspection device comprises a housing wherein the housing is designed to exploit the hydrokinetic effects associated with a fluid flow in one or more pipes as well as maneuver past a variety of pipe configurations. The inspection device may contain one or more sensors capable of performing a variety of inspection tasks.

46 CFR 182.510 - Bilge piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Bilge piping system. 182.510 Section 182.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) MACHINERY INSTALLATION Bilge and Ballast Systems § 182.510 Bilge piping system. (a) A vessel of at least 7.9...

46 CFR 182.510 - Bilge piping system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Bilge piping system. 182.510 Section 182.510 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS (UNDER 100 GROSS TONS) MACHINERY INSTALLATION Bilge and Ballast Systems § 182.510 Bilge piping system. (a) A vessel of at least 7.9...

Time variant analysis of large scale constrained rotorcraft systems dynamics - An exploitation of IBM-3090 vector-processor's pipe-lining feature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Amirouche, F. M. L.; Shareef, N. H.; Xie, M.

1991-01-01

A generalized algorithmic procedure is presented for handling the constraints in transmissions, which are treated as a multibody system of interconnected rigid/flexible bodies. The type of constraints are classified based on the interconnection of the bodies, assuming one or more points of contact to exist between them. The method is explained through flow charts and configuration/interaction tables. A significant increase in speed of execution is achieved by vectorizing the developed code in computationally intensive areas. The study of an example consisting of two meshing disks rotating at high angular velocity is carried out. The dynamic behavior of the constraint forces associated with the generalized coordinates of the system are plotted by selecting various modes. Applications are intended for the study of dynamic and subsequent prediction of constraint forces at the gear teeth contacting points in helicopter transmissions with the aim of improving performance dependability.

46 CFR 105.20-5 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... that seamless steel pipe or tubing which provides equivalent safety may be used for diesel cargo... that steel or nodular iron may be used in cargo systems utilizing steel pipe or tubing. (c) Aluminum or...

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... installation extension, alteration, or repair, of any oil piping systems shall be new and free from defects or... used to join sections of threaded pipe. Right and left nipples or couplings shall not be used. (h...

Identification of sewer pipes to be cleaned for reduction of CSO pollutant load.

PubMed

Nagaiwa, Akihiro; Settsu, Katsushi; Nakajima, Fumiyuki; Furumai, Hiroaki

2007-01-01

To reduce the CSO (Combined Sewer Overflow) pollutant discharge, one of the effective options is cleaning of sewer pipes before rainfall events. To maximize the efficiency, identification of pipes to be cleaned is necessary. In this study, we discussed the location of pipe deposit in dry weather in a combined sewer system using a distributed model and investigated the effect of pipe cleaning to reduce the pollutant load from the CSO. First we simulated the dry weather flow in a combined sewer system. The pipe deposit distribution in the network was estimated after 3 days of dry weather period. Several specific pipes with structural defect and upper end pipes tend to have an accumulation of deposit. Wet weather simulations were conducted with and without pipe cleaning in rainfall events with different patterns. The SS loads in CSO with and without the pipe cleaning were compared. The difference in the estimated loads was interpreted as the contribution of wash-off in the cleaned pipe. The effect of pipe cleaning on reduction of the CSO pollutant load was quantitatively evaluated (e.g. the cleaning of one specific pipe could reduce 22% of total CSO load). The CSO simulations containing pipe cleaning options revealed that identification of pipes with accumulated deposit using the distributed model is very useful and informative to evaluate the applicability of pipe cleaning option for CSO pollutant reduction.

46 CFR 56.04-2 - Piping classification according to service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping classification according to service. 56.04-2... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-2 Piping classification according to... Piping Classification Service Class 1 Pressure (p.s.i.g.) Temp. (°F) Class B and C poisons 2 I any and 0...

46 CFR 56.04-2 - Piping classification according to service.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping classification according to service. 56.04-2... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Piping Classification § 56.04-2 Piping classification according to... Piping Classification Service Class 1 Pressure (p.s.i.g.) Temp. (°F) Class B and C poisons 2 I any and 0...

Flexible ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus

DOEpatents

Jenkins, C.F.; Howard, B.D.

1994-01-01

Pipe crawlers, pipe inspection {open_quotes}rabbits{close_quotes} and similar vehicles are widely used for inspecting the interior surfaces of piping systems, storage tanks and process vessels for damaged or flawed structural features. This paper describes the design of a flexible, modular ultrasonic pipe inspection apparatus.

Optimal pipe size design for looped irrigation water supply system using harmony search: Saemangeum project area.

PubMed

Yoo, Do Guen; Lee, Ho Min; Sadollah, Ali; Kim, Joong Hoon

2015-01-01

Water supply systems are mainly classified into branched and looped network systems. The main difference between these two systems is that, in a branched network system, the flow within each pipe is a known value, whereas in a looped network system, the flow in each pipe is considered an unknown value. Therefore, an analysis of a looped network system is a more complex task. This study aims to develop a technique for estimating the optimal pipe diameter for a looped agricultural irrigation water supply system using a harmony search algorithm, which is an optimization technique. This study mainly serves two purposes. The first is to develop an algorithm and a program for estimating a cost-effective pipe diameter for agricultural irrigation water supply systems using optimization techniques. The second is to validate the developed program by applying the proposed optimized cost-effective pipe diameter to an actual study region (Saemangeum project area, zone 6). The results suggest that the optimal design program, which applies an optimization theory and enhances user convenience, can be effectively applied for the real systems of a looped agricultural irrigation water supply.

Optimal Pipe Size Design for Looped Irrigation Water Supply System Using Harmony Search: Saemangeum Project Area

PubMed Central

Lee, Ho Min; Sadollah, Ali

2015-01-01

Water supply systems are mainly classified into branched and looped network systems. The main difference between these two systems is that, in a branched network system, the flow within each pipe is a known value, whereas in a looped network system, the flow in each pipe is considered an unknown value. Therefore, an analysis of a looped network system is a more complex task. This study aims to develop a technique for estimating the optimal pipe diameter for a looped agricultural irrigation water supply system using a harmony search algorithm, which is an optimization technique. This study mainly serves two purposes. The first is to develop an algorithm and a program for estimating a cost-effective pipe diameter for agricultural irrigation water supply systems using optimization techniques. The second is to validate the developed program by applying the proposed optimized cost-effective pipe diameter to an actual study region (Saemangeum project area, zone 6). The results suggest that the optimal design program, which applies an optimization theory and enhances user convenience, can be effectively applied for the real systems of a looped agricultural irrigation water supply. PMID:25874252

Study of a risk-based piping inspection guideline system.

PubMed

Tien, Shiaw-Wen; Hwang, Wen-Tsung; Tsai, Chih-Hung

2007-02-01

A risk-based inspection system and a piping inspection guideline model were developed in this study. The research procedure consists of two parts--the building of a risk-based inspection model for piping and the construction of a risk-based piping inspection guideline model. Field visits at the plant were conducted to develop the risk-based inspection and strategic analysis system. A knowledge-based model had been built in accordance with international standards and local government regulations, and the rational unified process was applied for reducing the discrepancy in the development of the models. The models had been designed to analyze damage factors, damage models, and potential damage positions of piping in the petrochemical plants. The purpose of this study was to provide inspection-related personnel with the optimal planning tools for piping inspections, hence, to enable effective predictions of potential piping risks and to enhance the better degree of safety in plant operations that the petrochemical industries can be expected to achieve. A risk analysis was conducted on the piping system of a petrochemical plant. The outcome indicated that most of the risks resulted from a small number of pipelines.

Experimental and analytical study of water pipe's rupture for damage identification purposes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papakonstantinou, Konstantinos G.; Shinozuka, Masanobu; Beikae, Mohsen

2011-04-01

A malfunction, local damage or sudden pipe break of a pipeline system can trigger significant flow variations. As shown in the paper, pressure variations and pipe vibrations are two strongly correlated parameters. A sudden change in the flow velocity and pressure of a pipeline system can induce pipe vibrations. Thus, based on acceleration data, a rapid detection and localization of a possible damage may be carried out by inexpensive, nonintrusive monitoring techniques. To illustrate this approach, an experiment on a single pipe was conducted in the laboratory. Pressure gauges and accelerometers were installed and their correlation was checked during an artificially created transient flow. The experimental findings validated the correlation between the parameters. The interaction between pressure variations and pipe vibrations was also theoretically justified. The developed analytical model explains the connection among flow pressure, velocity, pressure wave propagation and pipe vibration. The proposed method provides a rapid, efficient and practical way to identify and locate sudden failures of a pipeline system and sets firm foundations for the development and implementation of an advanced, new generation Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) system for continuous health monitoring of pipe networks.

Comparison and validation of acoustic response models for wind noise reduction pipe arrays

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marty, Julien; Denis, Stéphane; Gabrielson, Thomas

The detection capability of the infrasound component of the International Monitoring System (IMS) is tightly linked to the performance of its wind noise reduction systems. The wind noise reduction solution implemented at all IMS infrasound measurement systems consists of a spatial distribution of air inlets connected to the infrasound sensor through a network of pipes. This system, usually referred to as “pipe array,” has proven its efficiency in operational conditions. The objective of this paper is to present the results of the comparison and validation of three distinct acoustic response models for pipe arrays. The characteristics of the models andmore » the results obtained for a defined set of pipe array configurations are described. A field experiment using a newly developed infrasound generator, dedicated to the validation of these models, is then presented. The comparison between the modeled and empirical acoustic responses shows that two of the three models can be confidently used to estimate pipe array acoustic responses. Lastly, this study paves the way to the deconvolution of IMS infrasound data from pipe array responses and to the optimization of pipe array design to IMS applications.« less

Comparison and validation of acoustic response models for wind noise reduction pipe arrays

DOE PAGES

Marty, Julien; Denis, Stéphane; Gabrielson, Thomas; ...

2017-02-13

The detection capability of the infrasound component of the International Monitoring System (IMS) is tightly linked to the performance of its wind noise reduction systems. The wind noise reduction solution implemented at all IMS infrasound measurement systems consists of a spatial distribution of air inlets connected to the infrasound sensor through a network of pipes. This system, usually referred to as “pipe array,” has proven its efficiency in operational conditions. The objective of this paper is to present the results of the comparison and validation of three distinct acoustic response models for pipe arrays. The characteristics of the models andmore » the results obtained for a defined set of pipe array configurations are described. A field experiment using a newly developed infrasound generator, dedicated to the validation of these models, is then presented. The comparison between the modeled and empirical acoustic responses shows that two of the three models can be confidently used to estimate pipe array acoustic responses. Lastly, this study paves the way to the deconvolution of IMS infrasound data from pipe array responses and to the optimization of pipe array design to IMS applications.« less

46 CFR 56.10-1 - Selection and limitations of piping components (replaces 105 through 108).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Components § 56.10-1 Selection and... piping system components, shall meet material and standard requirements of subpart 56.60 and shall meet...

33 CFR 127.1101 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1101 Piping systems... following criteria: (a) Each system must be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME B31.3. (b) Each... the line or equipment. Unless the layout of the piping allows the isolation valve at the transfer...

33 CFR 127.1101 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1101 Piping systems... following criteria: (a) Each system must be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME B31.3. (b) Each... the line or equipment. Unless the layout of the piping allows the isolation valve at the transfer...

33 CFR 127.1101 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1101 Piping systems... following criteria: (a) Each system must be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME B31.3. (b) Each... the line or equipment. Unless the layout of the piping allows the isolation valve at the transfer...

33 CFR 127.1101 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1101 Piping systems... following criteria: (a) Each system must be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME B31.3. (b) Each... the line or equipment. Unless the layout of the piping allows the isolation valve at the transfer...

33 CFR 127.1101 - Piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Waterfront Facilities Handling Liquefied Hazardous Gas Design and Construction § 127.1101 Piping systems... following criteria: (a) Each system must be designed and constructed in accordance with ASME B31.3. (b) Each... the line or equipment. Unless the layout of the piping allows the isolation valve at the transfer...

46 CFR 56.20-15 - Valves employing resilient material.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....20-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-15 Valves employing resilient material. (a) A valve in which the... piping system manifolds; (ii) Isolation valves in cross-connects between two piping systems, at least one...

Video Mosaicking for Inspection of Gas Pipelines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Magruder, Darby; Chien, Chiun-Hong

2005-01-01

A vision system that includes a specially designed video camera and an image-data-processing computer is under development as a prototype of robotic systems for visual inspection of the interior surfaces of pipes and especially of gas pipelines. The system is capable of providing both forward views and mosaicked radial views that can be displayed in real time or after inspection. To avoid the complexities associated with moving parts and to provide simultaneous forward and radial views, the video camera is equipped with a wide-angle (>165 ) fish-eye lens aimed along the axis of a pipe to be inspected. Nine white-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) placed just outside the field of view of the lens (see Figure 1) provide ample diffuse illumination for a high-contrast image of the interior pipe wall. The video camera contains a 2/3-in. (1.7-cm) charge-coupled-device (CCD) photodetector array and functions according to the National Television Standards Committee (NTSC) standard. The video output of the camera is sent to an off-the-shelf video capture board (frame grabber) by use of a peripheral component interconnect (PCI) interface in the computer, which is of the 400-MHz, Pentium II (or equivalent) class. Prior video-mosaicking techniques are applicable to narrow-field-of-view (low-distortion) images of evenly illuminated, relatively flat surfaces viewed along approximately perpendicular lines by cameras that do not rotate and that move approximately parallel to the viewed surfaces. One such technique for real-time creation of mosaic images of the ocean floor involves the use of visual correspondences based on area correlation, during both the acquisition of separate images of adjacent areas and the consolidation (equivalently, integration) of the separate images into a mosaic image, in order to insure that there are no gaps in the mosaic image. The data-processing technique used for mosaicking in the present system also involves area correlation, but with several notable differences: Because the wide-angle lens introduces considerable distortion, the image data must be processed to effectively unwarp the images (see Figure 2). The computer executes special software that includes an unwarping algorithm that takes explicit account of the cylindrical pipe geometry. To reduce the processing time needed for unwarping, parameters of the geometric mapping between the circular view of a fisheye lens and pipe wall are determined in advance from calibration images and compiled into an electronic lookup table. The software incorporates the assumption that the optical axis of the camera is parallel (rather than perpendicular) to the direction of motion of the camera. The software also compensates for the decrease in illumination with distance from the ring of LEDs.

Development of an integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system for a solar receiver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keddy, E.; Sena, J. Tom; Merrigan, M.; Heidenreich, Gary; Johnson, Steve

1988-01-01

An integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system was developed as part of the Organic Rankine Cycle Solar Dynamic Power System solar receiver for space station application. The solar receiver incorporates potassium heat pipe elements to absorb and transfer the solar energy within the receiver cavity. The heat pipes contain thermal energy storage (TES) canisters within the vapor space with a toluene heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. During the insolation period of the earth orbit, solar energy is delivered to the heat pipe. Part of this thermal energy is delivered to the heater tube and the balance is stored in the TES units. During the eclipse period of earth orbit, the stored energy in the TES units is transferred by the potassium vapor to the toluene heater tube. A developmental heat pipe element was constructed that contains axial arteries and a distribution wick connecting the toluene heater and the TES units to the solar insolation surface of the heat pipe. Tests were conducted to demonstrate the heat pipe, TES units, and the heater tube operation. The heat pipe element was operated at design input power of 4.8 kW. Thermal cycle tests were conducted to demonstrate the successful charge and discharge of the TES units. Axial power flux levels up to 15 watts/sq cm were demonstrated and transient tests were conducted on the heat pipe element. Details of the heat pipe development and test procedures are presented.

Optimally growing boundary layer disturbances in a convergent nozzle preceded by a circular pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uzun, Ali; Davis, Timothy B.; Alvi, Farrukh S.; Hussaini, M. Yousuff

2017-06-01

We report the findings from a theoretical analysis of optimally growing disturbances in an initially turbulent boundary layer. The motivation behind this study originates from the desire to generate organized structures in an initially turbulent boundary layer via excitation by disturbances that are tailored to be preferentially amplified. Such optimally growing disturbances are of interest for implementation in an active flow control strategy that is investigated for effective jet noise control. Details of the optimal perturbation theory implemented in this study are discussed. The relevant stability equations are derived using both the standard decomposition and the triple decomposition. The chosen test case geometry contains a convergent nozzle, which generates a Mach 0.9 round jet, preceded by a circular pipe. Optimally growing disturbances are introduced at various stations within the circular pipe section to facilitate disturbance energy amplification upstream of the favorable pressure gradient zone within the convergent nozzle, which has a stabilizing effect on disturbance growth. Effects of temporal frequency, disturbance input and output plane locations as well as separation distance between output and input planes are investigated. The results indicate that optimally growing disturbances appear in the form of longitudinal counter-rotating vortex pairs, whose size can be on the order of several times the input plane mean boundary layer thickness. The azimuthal wavenumber, which represents the number of counter-rotating vortex pairs, is found to generally decrease with increasing separation distance. Compared to the standard decomposition, the triple decomposition analysis generally predicts relatively lower azimuthal wavenumbers and significantly reduced energy amplification ratios for the optimal disturbances.

Modeling of High Capacity Passive Cooling System

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

Pulsating Heat Pipes : Closed Loop Pulsating Heat Pipes , which is also known as Meandering Capillary Tube Heat Pipe or Closed Loop Oscillating Heat ... Pipe , has emerged in the recent years as a new electronics cooling technology. The Pulsating Heat Pipe is an innovating technology that has gained...horizontal orientation, the operating temperatures are lower. Pulsating heat pipes are capable of higher heat

Torsion effect on fully developed flow in a helical pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kao, Hsiao C.

1987-01-01

Two techniques, a series expansion method of perturbed Poiseuille flow valid for low Dean numbers and a solution of the complete Navier-Stokes equation applicable to intermediate Dean values, are used to investigate the torsion effect on the fully developed laminar flow in a helical pipe of constant circular cross section. For the secondary flow patterns, the results show that the presence of torsion can produce a significant effect if the ratio of the curvature to the torsion is of order unity. The secondary flow is distorted in these cases. It is noted that the torsion effect is, however, usually small, and that the secondary flow has the usual pattern of a pair of counter-rotating vortices of nearly equal strength.

Development of an integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system for a solar receiver

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keddy, E. S.; Sena, J. T.; Merrigan, M. A.; Heidenreich, G.; Johnson, S.

1987-01-01

The Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) Solar Dynamic Power System (SDPS) is one of the candidates for Space Station prime power application. In the low Earth orbit of the Space Station approximately 34 minutes of the 94-minute orbital period is spent in eclipse with no solar energy input to the power system. For this period the SDPS will use thermal energy storage (TES) material to provide a constant power output. An integrated heat-pipe thermal storage receiver system is being developed as part of the ORC-SDPS solar receiver. This system incorporates potassium heat pipe elements to absorb and transfer the solar energy within the receiver cavity. The heat pipes contain the TES canisters within the potassium vapor space with the toluene heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. During the insolation period of the Earth orbit, solar energy is delivered to the heat pipe in the ORC-SDPS receiver cavity. The heat pipe transforms the non-uniform solar flux incident in the heat pipe surface within the receiver cavity to an essentially uniform flux at the potassium vapor condensation interface in the heat pipe. During solar insolation, part of the thermal energy is delivered to the heater tube and the balance is stored in the TES units. During the eclipse period of the orbit, the balance stored in the TES units is transferred by the potassium vapor to the toluene heater tube.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kozluk, M.J.; Vijay, D.K.

Postulated catastrophic rupture of high-energy piping systems is the fundamental criterion used for the safety design basis of both light and heavy water nuclear generating stations. Historically, the criterion has been applied by assuming a nonmechanistic instantaneous double-ended guillotine rupture of the largest diameter pipes inside of containment. Nonmechanistic, meaning that the assumption of an instantaneous guillotine rupture has not been based on stresses in the pipe, failure mechanisms, toughness of the piping material, nor the dynamics of the ruptured pipe ends as they separate. This postulated instantaneous double-ended guillotine rupture of a pipe was a convenient simplifying assumption thatmore » resulted in a conservative accident scenario. This conservative accident scenario has now become entrenched as the design basis accident for: containment design, shutdown system design, emergency fuel cooling systems design, and to establish environmental qualification temperature and pressure conditions. The requirement to address dynamic effects associated with the postulated pipe rupture subsequently evolved. The dynamic effects include: potential missiles, pipe whipping, blowdown jets, and thermal-hydraulic transients. Recent advances in fracture mechanics research have demonstrated that certain pipes under specific conditions cannot crack in ways that result in an instantaneous guillotine rupture. Canadian utilities are now using mechanistic fracture mechanics and leak-before-break assessments on a case-by-case basis, in limited applications, to support licensing cases which seek exemption from the need to consider the various dynamic effects associated with postulated instantaneous catastrophic rupture of high-energy piping systems inside and outside of containment.« less

Noncontacting device to indicate deflection of turbopump internal rotating parts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamilton, D. B.; Grieser, D. R.; Plummer, A. M.; Ensminger, D.; Saccacio, E. J.

1972-01-01

Phase 2 (development) which was concluded for the ultrasonic Doppler device and the light-pipe-reflectance device is reported. An ultrasonic Doppler breadboard system was assembled which accurately measured runout in the J-2 LOX pump impeller during operation. The transducer was mounted on the outside of the pump volute using a C-clamp. Vibration was measured by conducting the ultrasonic wave through the volute housing and through the fluid in the volute to the impeller surface. The impeller vibration was also measured accurately using the light-pipe probe mounted in an elastomeric-gland fitting in the pump case. A special epoxy resin developed for cryogenic applications was forced into the end of the fiber-optic probe to retain the fibers. Subsequently, the probe suffered no damage after simultaneous exposure to 2150 psi and 77 F. Preliminary flash X-radiographs were taken of the turbine wheel and the shaft-bearing-seal assembly, using a 2-megavolt X-ray unit. Reasonable resolution and contrast was obtained. A fast-neutron detector was fabricated and sensitivity was measured. The results demonstrated that the technique is feasible for integrated-time measurements requiring, perhaps, 240 revolutions to obtain sufficient exposure at 35,000 rpm. The experimental verification plans are included.

Gas Metal Arc Welding Parameters Effect on Properties of Tailored Orbital Weld of SS304 and BS1387

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayof, M. N.; Hussein, N. I. S.; Noh, M. Z. Mohd

2017-09-01

Dissimilar material pipes in a power plant boiler water piping system are used to transmit water at various temperatures, either in extremely high temperature water or room temperature water. In this study, tailored orbital welding of dissimilar material of Stainless Steel (SS) 304 and British Steel (BS) 1387 were performed by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) with automated fixed nozzle-rotational jig. This study focused on GMAW parameters variation effects on mechanical properties of SS304 and BS1387 dissimilar material tailored orbital welding. The weldment quality was tested by performing non-destructive dye penetrant test. The tensile strength and microhardness were studied to verify the influence of welding parameters variations. Design of Experiment (DOE) was employed to generate process parameter using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. Welding parameters that were arc current, arc voltage and travel speed as input response, whilst, tensile strength and microhardness as output response. Results from non-destructive test showed no major defect occurred. The tensile strength and microhardness increased when arc current and voltage increased and travel speed decreased. Microhardness at weldment was higher than base material.

33 CFR 157.122 - Piping, valves, and fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...). (f) The piping and equipment of a COW system may not be in machinery spaces. (g) Each hydrant valve... allow movement of the COW system piping as a result of thermal expansion and flexing of the tank vessel...

33 CFR 157.122 - Piping, valves, and fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...). (f) The piping and equipment of a COW system may not be in machinery spaces. (g) Each hydrant valve... allow movement of the COW system piping as a result of thermal expansion and flexing of the tank vessel...

33 CFR 157.122 - Piping, valves, and fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...). (f) The piping and equipment of a COW system may not be in machinery spaces. (g) Each hydrant valve... allow movement of the COW system piping as a result of thermal expansion and flexing of the tank vessel...

33 CFR 157.122 - Piping, valves, and fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...). (f) The piping and equipment of a COW system may not be in machinery spaces. (g) Each hydrant valve... allow movement of the COW system piping as a result of thermal expansion and flexing of the tank vessel...

Heat pipes in space and on earth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ollendorf, S.

1978-01-01

The performance of heat pipes used in the thermal control system of spacecraft such as OAO-III and ATS-6 is discussed, and applications of heat pipes to permafrost stabilization on the Alaska Pipeline and to heat recovery systems are described. Particular attention is given to the ATS-6, launched in 1974, which employs 55 heat pipes to carry solar and internal power loads to radiator surfaces. In addition, experiments involving radiative cooling based on cryogenic heat pipes have been planned for the Long Duration Exposure Facility spacecraft and for Spacelab. The role of heat pipes in Space Shuttle heat rejection services is also mentioned.

Evaluation of electrical capacitance tomography sensor based on the coupling of fluid field and electrostatic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Jiamin; Wang, Haigang; Yang, Wuqiang

2016-07-01

Electrical capacitance tomography (ECT) is based on capacitance measurements from electrode pairs mounted outside of a pipe or vessel. The structure of ECT sensors is vital to image quality. In this paper, issues with the number of electrodes and the electrode covering ratio for complex liquid-solids flows in a rotating device are investigated based on a new coupling simulation model. The number of electrodes is increased from 4 to 32 while the electrode covering ratio is changed from 0.1 to 0.9. Using the coupling simulation method, real permittivity distributions and the corresponding capacitance data at 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 s with a rotation speed of 96 rotations per minute (rpm) are collected. Linear back projection (LBP) and Landweber iteration algorithms are used for image reconstruction. The quality of reconstructed images is evaluated by correlation coefficient compared with the real permittivity distributions obtained from the coupling simulation. The sensitivity for each sensor is analyzed and compared with the correlation coefficient. The capacitance data with a range of signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) of 45, 50, 55 and 60 dB are generated to evaluate the effect of data noise on the performance of ECT sensors. Furthermore, the SNRs of experimental data are analyzed for a stationary pipe with permittivity distribution. Based on the coupling simulation, 16-electrode ECT sensors are recommended to achieve good image quality.

Best practices for quality management of stormwater pipe construction.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Stormwater pipe systems are integral features of transportation construction projects. Pipe culverts : direct stormwater away from roadway structures and towards designated discharge areas. The improper : installation of a pipe culvert can result in ...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... strap attached by welding or bolting. (2) Two or more bolts that give metal to metal contact between the...

Gas compressor with side branch absorber for pulsation control

DOEpatents

Harris, Ralph E [San Antonio, TX; Scrivner, Christine M [San Antonio, TX; Broerman, III, Eugene L.

2011-05-24

A method and system for reducing pulsation in lateral piping associated with a gas compressor system. A tunable side branch absorber (TSBA) is installed on the lateral piping. A pulsation sensor is placed in the lateral piping, to measure pulsation within the piping. The sensor output signals are delivered to a controller, which controls actuators that change the acoustic dimensions of the SBA.

Study on heat pipe assisted thermoelectric power generation system from exhaust gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chi, Ri-Guang; Park, Jong-Chan; Rhi, Seok-Ho; Lee, Kye-Bock

2017-11-01

Currently, most fuel consumed by vehicles is released to the environment as thermal energy through the exhaust pipe. Environmentally friendly vehicle technology needs new methods to increase the recycling efficiency of waste exhaust thermal energy. The present study investigated how to improve the maximum power output of a TEG (Thermoelectric generator) system assisted with a heat pipe. Conventionally, the driving energy efficiency of an internal combustion engine is approximately less than 35%. TEG with Seebeck elements is a new idea for recycling waste exhaust heat energy. The TEG system can efficiently utilize low temperature waste heat, such as industrial waste heat and solar energy. In addition, the heat pipe can transfer heat from the automobile's exhaust gas to a TEG. To improve the efficiency of the thermal power generation system with a heat pipe, effects of various parameters, such as inclination angle, charged amount of the heat pipe, condenser temperature, and size of the TEM (thermoelectric element), were investigated. Experimental studies, CFD simulation, and the theoretical approach to thermoelectric modules were carried out, and the TEG system with heat pipe (15-20% charged, 20°-30° inclined configuration) showed the best performance.

Prediction and Control of Residual Stresses and Distortion in HY-130 Thick Pipe Weldments

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-05-01

quality. The most common type of shielding gas used in GMAW of low carbon steel is Argon with 25% CO2 . However, in the case of HY-130, experience has...supporting struc- ture for the cylinder which would permit cylinder rotation at a controlled speed with respect to the fixed position of the GMAW torch

Valve malfunction detection apparatus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burley, Richard K.

1993-07-01

A detection system is provided for sensing a malfunction of a valve having an outlet connected to an end of a first pipe through which pressurized fluid may be flowed in a downstream direction away from the valve. The system includes a bypass pipe connected at its opposite ends to the first pipe and operative to bypass a portion of the fluid flow therethrough around a predetermined section thereof. A housing is interiorly divided by a flexible diaphragm into first and second opposite chambers which are respectively communicated with the first pipe section and the bypass pipe, the diaphragm being spring-biased toward the second chamber. The diaphragm housing cooperates with check valves and orifices connected in the two pipes to create and maintain a negative pressure in the first pipe section in response to closure of the valve during pressurized flow through the first pipe. A pressure switch senses the negative pressure and transmits a signal indicative thereof to a computer. Upon cessation of the signal while the valve is still closed, the computer responsively generates a signal indicating that the valve, or another portion of the detection system, is leaking.

Valve malfunction detection apparatus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burley, Richard K. (Inventor)

1993-01-01

A detection system is provided for sensing a malfunction of a valve having an outlet connected to an end of a first pipe through which pressurized fluid may be flowed in a downstream direction away from the valve. The system includes a bypass pipe connected at its opposite ends to the first pipe and operative to bypass a portion of the fluid flow therethrough around a predetermined section thereof. A housing is interiorly divided by a flexible diaphragm into first and second opposite chambers which are respectively communicated with the first pipe section and the bypass pipe, the diaphragm being spring-biased toward the second chamber. The diaphragm housing cooperates with check valves and orifices connected in the two pipes to create and maintain a negative pressure in the first pipe section in response to closure of the valve during pressurized flow through the first pipe. A pressure switch senses the negative pressure and transmits a signal indicative thereof to a computer. Upon cessation of the signal while the valve is still closed, the computer responsively generates a signal indicating that the valve, or another portion of the detection system, is leaking.

Long Duration Exposure Facility (LDEF) low-temperature Heat Pipe Experiment Package (HEPP) flight results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcintosh, Roy; Mccreight, Craig; Brennan, Patrick J.

1992-01-01

The Low Temperature Heat Pipe Flight Experiment (HEPP) is a fairly complicated thermal control experiment that was designed to evaluate the performance of two different low temperature ethane heat pipes and a n-Heptane Phase Change Material (PCM) canister. A total of 388 days of continuous operation with an axially grooved aluminum fixed conductance heat pipe of axially grooved stainless steel heat pipe diode was demonstrated before the EDS batteries lost power. The inability of the HEPP's radiator to cool below 190 K in flight prevented freezing of the PCM and the opportunity to conduct transport tests with the heat pipes. Post flight tests showed that the heat pipes and the PCM are still functioning. This paper presents a summary of the flight data analysis for the HEPP and its related support systems. Pre and post-flight thermal vacuum tests results are presented for the HEPP thermal control system along with individual heat pipe performance and PCM behavior. Appropriate SIG related systems data will also be included along with a 'lessons learned' summary.

High temperature thermal energy storage in steel and sand

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, R. H.

1979-01-01

The technical and economic potential for high temperature (343 C, 650 F) thermal energy storage in hollow steel ingots, pipes embedded in concrete, and for pipes buried in sand was evaluated. Because it was determined that concrete would separate from pipes due to thermal stresses, concrete was replaced by sand, which is free from thermal stresses. Variations of the steel ingot concept were not cost effective compared to the sand-pipe approach, therefore, the sand-pipe thermal storage unit (TSU) was evaluated in depth to assess the approximate tube spacing requirements consistent with different system performance characteristics and also attendant system costs. For large TSUs which do not require fast response times, the sand-pipe approach offers attractive possibilities. A pipe diameter about 9 cm (3.5 in) and pipe spacing of approximately 25 cm (10 in), with sand filling the interspaces, appears appropriate. Such a TSU system designed for 8 hours charge/discharge cycle has an energy unit storage cost (CE) of $2.63/kWhr-t and a power unit storage cost (Cp) of $42/kW-t (in 1977 dollars).

Cargo systems manual: Heat Pipe Performance (HPP) STS-66

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Napp, Robert

1994-01-01

The purpose of the cargo systems manual (CSM) is to provide a payload reference document for payload and shuttle flight operations personnel during shuttle mission planning, training, and flight operations. It includes orbiter-to-payload interface information and payload system information (including operationally pertinent payload safety data) that is directly applicable to the Mission Operations Directorate (MOD) role in the payload mission. The primary objectives of the heat pipe performance (HPP) are to obtain quantitative data on the thermal performance of heat pipes in a microgravity environment. This information will increase understanding of the behavior of heat pipes in space and be useful for application to design improvements in heat pipes and associated systems. The purpose of HPP-2 is to establish a complete one-g and zero-g data base for axial groove heat pipes. This data will be used to update and correlate data generated from a heat pipe design computer program called Grooved Analysis Program (GAP). The HPP-2 objectives are to: determine heat transport capacity and conductance for open/closed grooved heat pipes and different Freon volumes (nominal, under, and overcharged) using a uniform heat load; determine heat transport capacity and conductance for single/multiple evaporators using asymmetric heat loads; obtain precise static, spin, and rewicking data points for undercharged pipes; investigate heat flux limits (asymmetric heat loads); and determine effects of positive body force on thermal performance.

30 CFR 75.1905-1 - Diesel fuel piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... entry as electric cables or power lines. Where it is necessary for piping systems to cross electric cables or power lines, guarding must be provided to prevent severed electrical cables or power lines near... storage facility. (h) The diesel fuel piping system must not be located in a borehole with electric power...

30 CFR 75.1905-1 - Diesel fuel piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... entry as electric cables or power lines. Where it is necessary for piping systems to cross electric cables or power lines, guarding must be provided to prevent severed electrical cables or power lines near... storage facility. (h) The diesel fuel piping system must not be located in a borehole with electric power...

Thermoelectric Power Generation System for Future Hybrid Vehicles Using Hot Exhaust Gas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Sun-Kook; Won, Byeong-Cheol; Rhi, Seok-Ho; Kim, Shi-Ho; Yoo, Jeong-Ho; Jang, Ju-Chan

2011-05-01

The present experimental and computational study investigates a new exhaust gas waste heat recovery system for hybrid vehicles, using a thermoelectric module (TEM) and heat pipes to produce electric power. It proposes a new thermoelectric generation (TEG) system, working with heat pipes to produce electricity from a limited hot surface area. The current TEG system is directly connected to the exhaust pipe, and the amount of electricity generated by the TEMs is directly proportional to their heated area. Current exhaust pipes fail to offer a sufficiently large hot surface area for the high-efficiency waste heat recovery required. To overcome this, a new TEG system has been designed to have an enlarged hot surface area by the addition of ten heat pipes, which act as highly efficient heat transfer devices and can transmit the heat to many TEMs. As designed, this new waste heat recovery system produces a maximum 350 W when the hot exhaust gas heats the evaporator surface of the heat pipe to 170°C; this promises great possibilities for application of this technology in future energy-efficient hybrid vehicles.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kot, C.A.; Srinivasan, M.G.; Hsieh, B.J.

As part of the Phase II testing at the HDR Test Facility in Kahl/Main, FRG, two series of high-level seismic/vibrational experiments were performed. In the first of these (SHAG) a coast-down shaker, mounted on the reactor operating floor and capable of generating 1000 tonnes of force, was used to investigate full-scale structural response, soil-structure interaction (SSI), and piping/equipment response at load levels equivalent to those of a design basis earthquake. The HDR soil/structure system was tested to incipient failure exhibiting highly nonlinear response. In the load transmission from structure to piping/equipment significant response amplifications and shifts to higher frequencies occurred.more » The performance of various pipe support configurations was evaluated. This latter effort was continued in the second series of tests (SHAM), in which an in-plant piping system was investigated at simulated seismic loads (generated by two servo-hydraulic actuators each capable of generating 40 tonnes of force), that exceeded design levels manifold and resulted in considerable pipe plastification and failure of some supports (snubbers). The evaluation of six different support configurations demonstrated that proper system design (for a given spectrum) rather than number of supports or system stiffness is essential to limiting pipe stresses. Pipe strains at loads exceeding the design level eightfold were still tolerable, indicating that pipe failure even under extreme seismic loads is unlikely inspite of multiple support failures. Conservatively, an excess capacity (margin) of at least four was estimated for the piping system, and the pipe damping was found to be 4%. Comparisons of linear and nonlinear computational results with measurements showed that analytical predictions have wide scatter and do not necessarily yield conservative responses, underpredicting, in particular, peak support forces.« less

Pipe support

DOEpatents

Pollono, Louis P.

1979-01-01

A pipe support for high temperature, thin-walled piping runs such as those used in nuclear systems. A section of the pipe to be supported is encircled by a tubular inner member comprised of two walls with an annular space therebetween. Compacted load-bearing thermal insulation is encapsulated within the annular space, and the inner member is clamped to the pipe by a constant clamping force split-ring clamp. The clamp may be connected to pipe hangers which provide desired support for the pipe.

24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil... Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service. (4) Steel tubing shall have a...

24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... consist of one or more of the materials described in § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded... Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes. (2) Fittings for gas piping shall be wrought iron...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping: Electrical bonding. 154.514 Section 154.514... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... side. (c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods: (1) A metal bonding...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Piping: Electrical bonding. 154.514 Section 154.514... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... side. (c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods: (1) A metal bonding...

46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping: Electrical bonding. 154.514 Section 154.514... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... side. (c) An electrical bond must be made by at least one of the following methods: (1) A metal bonding...

Multi-stage slurry system used for grinding and polishing materials

DOEpatents

Hed, P. Paul; Fuchs, Baruch A.

2001-01-01

A slurry system draws slurry from a slurry tank via one of several intake pipes, where each pipe has an intake opening at a different depth in the slurry. The slurry is returned to the slurry tank via a bypass pipe in order to continue the agitation of the slurry. The slurry is then diverted to a delivery pipe, which supplies slurry to a polisher. The flow of slurry in the bypass pipe is stopped in order for the slurry in the slurry tank to begin to settle. As the polishing continues, slurry is removed from shallower depths in order to pull finer grit from the slurry. When the polishing is complete, the flow in the delivery pipe is ceased. The flow of slurry in the bypass pipe is resumed to start agitating the slurry. In another embodiment, the multiple intake pipes are replaced by a single adjustable pipe. As the slurry is settling, the pipe is moved upward to remove the finer grit near the top of the slurry tank as the polishing process continues.

Thermal Vacuum Testing of Swift XRT Ethane Heat Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kobel, Mark; Ku, Jentung

2003-01-01

This paper presents the results obtained from a recent ethane heat pipe program. Three identical ethane heat pipes were tested individually, and then two selected heat pipes were tested collectively in their system configuration. Heat transport, thermal conductance, and non-condensable gas tests were performed on each heat pipe. To gain insight into the reflux operation as seen at spacecraft level ground testing, the test fixture was oriented in a vertical configuration. The system level test included a computer-controlled heater designed to emulate the heat load generated at the thermoelectric cooler interface. The system performance was successfully characterized for a wide range of environmental conditions while staying within the operating limits.

System-level Analysis of Chilled Water Systems Aboard Naval Ships

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-24

developed one-dimensional partial differen- tial equation models that simulate time-dependent hy- drodynamics and heat transport in a piping network...Thermal zone extents. 2) Piping path and diameter. 3) Specifications and locations of chillers, heat ex- changers, pumps and valves. The framework of the... pipes and provides boundary conditions for the end of the connecting pipes . Pumps, valves, bends and heat exchangers are such components. These

REDUCED COST SEWER PIPE RELINING USING ULTRASONIC TAPE LAMINATION - PHASE I

EPA Science Inventory

Water and sewerage pipe rehabilitation represents a critical and expensive infrastructure issue. Although systems currently are available for relining existing pipes and constructing new lined pipes, the proposed advanced technology will improve the quality while substantia...

Cognitive framing in action.

PubMed

Huhn, John M; Potts, Cory Adam; Rosenbaum, David A

2016-06-01

Cognitive framing effects have been widely reported in higher-level decision-making and have been ascribed to rules of thumb for quick thinking. No such demonstrations have been reported for physical action, as far as we know, but they would be expected if cognition for physical action is fundamentally similar to cognition for higher-level decision-making. To test for such effects, we asked participants to reach for a horizontally-oriented pipe to move it from one height to another while turning the pipe 180° to bring one end (the "business end") to a target on the left or right. From a physical perspective, participants could have always rotated the pipe in the same angular direction no matter which end was the business end; a given participant could have always turned the pipe clockwise or counter-clockwise. Instead, our participants turned the business end counter-clockwise for left targets and clockwise for right targets. Thus, the way the identical physical task was framed altered the way it was performed. This finding is consistent with the hypothesis that cognition for physical action is fundamentally similar to cognition for higher-level decision-making. A tantalizing possibility is that higher-level decision heuristics have roots in the control of physical action, a hypothesis that accords with embodied views of cognition. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Dynamical modeling and free vibration analysis of spinning pipes conveying fluid with axial deployment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Feng; Yang, Xiao-Dong; Zhang, Wei; Qian, Ying-Jing

2018-03-01

In this paper, a dynamical model of simply-supported spinning pipes conveying fluid with axial deployment is proposed and the transverse free vibration and stability for such a doubly gyroscopic system involving time-dependent parameters are investigated. The partial differential equations of motion are derived by the extended Hamilton principle and then truncated by the Galerkin technique. The time-variant frequencies, mode shapes and responses to initial conditions are comprehensively investigated to reveal the dynamical essence of the system. It is indicated that the qualitative stability evolution of the system mainly depends on the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI), while the spinning motion will enhance the pipe rigidity and eliminate the buckling instability. The dynamical evolution of a retracting pipe is almost inverse to that of the deploying one. The pipe possesses different mode configurations of spatial curves as the pipe length increases and some modal and response characteristics of the present system are found rather distinct from those of deploying cantilevered structures.

Passive environmental temperature control system

DOEpatents

Corliss, John M.; Stickford, George H.

1981-01-01

Passive environmental heating and cooling systems are described, which utilize heat pipes to transmit heat to or from a thermal reservoir. In a solar heating system, a heat pipe is utilized to carry heat from a solar heat absorber plate that receives sunlight, through a thermal insulation barrier, to a heat storage wall, with the outer end of the pipe which is in contact with the solar absorber being lower than the inner end. The inclining of the heat pipe assures that the portion of working fluid, such as Freon, which is in a liquid phase will fall by gravity to the outer end of the pipe, thereby assuring diode action that prevents the reverse transfer of heat from the reservoir to the outside on cool nights. In a cooling system, the outer end of the pipe which connects to a heat dissipator, is higher than the inner end that is coupled to a cold reservoir, to allow heat transfer only out of the reservoir to the heat dissipator, and not in the reverse direction.

Testing of a Methane Cryogenic Heat Pipe with a Liquid Trap Turn-Off Feature for use on Space Interferometer Mission (SIM)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cepeda-Rizo, Juan; Krylo, Robert; Fisher, Melanie; Bugby, David C.

2011-01-01

Camera cooling for SIM presents three thermal control challenges; stable operation at 163K (110 C), decontamination heating to +20 C, and a long span from the cameras to the radiator. A novel cryogenic cooling system based on a methane heat pipe meets these challenges. The SIM thermal team, with the help of heat pipe vendor ATK, designed and tested a complete, low temperature, cooling system. The system accommodates the two SIM cameras with a double-ended conduction bar, a single methane heat pipe, independent turn-off devices, and a flight-like radiator. The turn ]off devices consist of a liquid trap, for removing the methane from the pipe, and an electrical heater to raise the methane temperature above the critical point thus preventing two-phase operation. This is the first time a cryogenic heat pipe has been tested at JPL and is also the first heat pipe to incorporate the turn-off features. Operation at 163K with a methane heat pipe is an important new thermal control capability for the lab. In addition, the two turn-off technologies enhance the "bag of tricks" available to the JPL thermal community. The successful test program brings this heat pipe to a high level of technology readiness.

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 76.25-30 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-30 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings of ferrous materials shall be... piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and, where necessary...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

46 CFR 56.35-1 - Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). 56.35-1... PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Expansion, Flexibility and Supports § 56.35-1 Pipe stress calculations (replaces 119.7). (a) A summary of the results of pipe stress calculations for the main and auxiliary steam...

The National Shipbuilding Research Program. Photogrammetric Dimensioning of Distributive Systems Models. Phase 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-08-01

21- accepts piping geometry as one of its basic inputs; whether this geometry comes from arrangement drawings or models is of no real consequence. c ... computer . Geometric data is taken from the catalogue and automatically merged with the piping geometry data. Also, fitting orientation is automatically...systems require a number of data manipulation routines to convert raw digitized data into logical pipe geometry acceptable to a computer -aided piping design

Pressure suppression containment system for boiling water reactor

DOEpatents

Gluntz, Douglas M.; Nesbitt, Loyd B.

1997-01-01

A system for suppressing the pressure inside the containment of a BWR following a postulated accident. A piping subsystem is provided which features a main process pipe that communicates the wetwell airspace to a connection point downstream of the guard charcoal bed in an offgas system and upstream of the main bank of delay charcoal beds which give extensive holdup to offgases. The main process pipe is fitted with both inboard and outboard containment isolation valves. Also incorporated in the main process pipe is a low-differential-pressure rupture disk which prevents any gas outflow in this piping whatsoever until or unless rupture occurs by virtue of pressure inside this main process pipe on the wetwell airspace side of the disk exceeding the design opening (rupture) pressure differential. The charcoal holds up the radioactive species in the noncondensable gas from the wetwell plenum by adsorption, allowing time for radioactive decay before the gas is vented to the environs.

Sodium heat pipe use in solar Stirling power conversion systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zimmerman, W. F.; Divakaruni, S. M.; Won, Y. S.

1980-08-01

Sodium heat pipes were selected for use as a thermal transport method in a focus-mounted, distributed concentrator solar Stirling power conversion system intended to produce 15-20 kWe per unit. Heat pipes were used both to receive thermal power in the solar receiver and to transmit it to a secondary heat pipe containing both latent heat salt (for up to 1.25 hours of thermal storage) and the heat exchanger of the Stirling engine. Experimental tests were performed on five solar receiver heat pipes with various internal wicking configurations. The performance of the heat pipes at various power levels and operating attitudes was investigated at temperatures near 1550 F; the unidirectional heat transfer in these heat pipes was demonstrated in normal operating attitudes and particularly in the inverted position required during overnight stowage of the concentrator.

Sodium heat pipe use in solar Stirling power conversion systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zimmerman, W. F.; Divakaruni, S. M.; Won, Y. S.

1980-01-01

Sodium heat pipes were selected for use as a thermal transport method in a focus-mounted, distributed concentrator solar Stirling power conversion system intended to produce 15-20 kWe per unit. Heat pipes were used both to receive thermal power in the solar receiver and to transmit it to a secondary heat pipe containing both latent heat salt (for up to 1.25 hours of thermal storage) and the heat exchanger of the Stirling engine. Experimental tests were performed on five solar receiver heat pipes with various internal wicking configurations. The performance of the heat pipes at various power levels and operating attitudes was investigated at temperatures near 1550 F; the unidirectional heat transfer in these heat pipes was demonstrated in normal operating attitudes and particularly in the inverted position required during overnight stowage of the concentrator.

Experimental Investigation of A Heat Pipe-Assisted Latent Heat Thermal Energy Storage System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiari, Saeed; Mahdavi, Mahboobe; Qiu, Songgang

2016-11-01

In the present work, different operation modes of a latent heat thermal energy storage system assisted by a heat pipe network were studied experimentally. Rubitherm RT55 enclosed by a vertical cylindrical container was used as the Phase Change Material (PCM). The embedded heat pipe network consisting of a primary heat pipe and an array of four secondary heat pipes were employed to transfer heat to the PCM. The primary heat pipe transports heat from the heat source to the heat sink. The secondary heat pipes transfer the extra heat from the heat source to PCM during charging process or retrieve thermal energy from PCM during discharging process. The effects of heat transfer fluid (HTF) flow rate and temperature on the thermal performance of the system were investigated for both charging and discharging processes. It was found that the HTF flow rate has a significant effect on the total charging time of the system. Increasing the HTF flow rate results in a remarkable increase in the system input thermal power. The results also showed that the discharging process is hardly affected by the HTF flow rate but HTF temperature plays an important role in both charging and discharging processes. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial supports by Temple University for the project.

Rotationally Molded Liquid Crystalline Polymers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, Martin; Scribben, Eric; Baird, Donald; Hulcher, Bruce

2002-01-01

Rotational molding is a unique process for producing hollow plastic parts. Rotational molding offers low cost tooling and can produce very large parts with complicated shapes. Products made by rotational molding include water tanks with capacities up to 20,000 gallons, truck bed liners, playground equipment, air ducts, Nylon fuel tanks, pipes, toys, stretchers, kayaks, pallets, and many others. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers are an important class of engineering resins employed in a wide variety of applications. Thermotropic liquid crystalline polymers resins are composed of semirigid, nearly linear polymeric chains resulting in an ordered mesomorphic phase between the crystalline solid and the isotropic liquid. Ordering of the rigid rod-like polymers in the melt phase yields microfibrous, self-reinforcing polymer structures with outstanding mechanical and thermal properties. Rotational molding of liquid crystalline polymer resins results in high strength and high temperature hollow structures useful in a variety of applications. Various fillers and reinforcements can potentially be added to improve properties of the hollow structures. This paper focuses on the process and properties of rotationally molded liquid crystalline polymers. This paper will also highlight the interactions between academia and small businesses in developing new products and processes.

Heat pipe life and processing study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antoniuk, D.; Luedke, E. E.

1979-01-01

The merit of adding water to the reflux charge in chemically and solvent cleaned aluminum/slab wick/ammonia heat pipes was evaluated. The effect of gas in the performance of three heat pipe thermal control systems was found significant in simple heat pipes, less significant in a modified simple heat pipe model with a short wickless pipe section. Use of gas data for the worst and best heat pipes of the matrix in a variable conductance heat pipe model showed a 3 C increase in the source temperature at full on condition after 20 and 246 years, respectively.

The Collection of Ice in Jet A-1 Fuel Pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maloney, Thomas C.

Ice collection and blockages in fuel systems have been of interest to the aerospace community since their discovery in the late 1950's when a B-52 crashed. A recent growth of interest was provoked by several incidents that occurred within the last few years. This study seeks to understand the underlying principles of ice growth in fuel flow systems. Tests were performed in a recirculated fuel system with a fuel tank that held approximately 115 gallons of Jet A-1 fuel and ice accumulation was observed in two removable test pipes. The setup was in an altitude chamber capable of -60 °F and the experiments involved full scale flow components. Initially, tests were done to better understand the system and variables that effected accumulation. First, initial conditions within the test pipes were varied. Next, pipe geometry, pipe surface properties, initial water content of the fuel and heat transfer from the fuel pipe were varied. As a result of the tests, observations were made about other effects involved in the study. The effects include: the result of sequentially run tests, the effect of the fuel on the freezing temperature of the entrained water, the effect of ice accumulation on pipe welds, and the effect of the test pipe entrance and exit flow conditions on ice accumulation. The results of initial tests were qualitative. Later quantitative tests were done to demonstrate the dependence of temperature, Reynolds number, and heat transfer on ice accumulation. Tests were quantified with a pressure increase across the pipe sections that was normalized by the expected theoretical initial pressure. As a result of these tests the effect of contamination in the fuel was revealed. For ease of reference, the initial tests were called "stage I" and the later tests were called "stage II". The results of stage I showed that accumulation of soft ice was greatest when a layer of hard ice had initially formed on the pipe surface. Stainless steel collected more ice than Teflon® and there was a lack of a preferential accumulation region downstream of a pipe bend. A greater heat transfer from the pipe increased ice accumulation for aluminum that was made rough with 80 grit sand paper, and for Teflon®. Water was shown to collect in the pipe system as the number of tests increased and the freeze temperature of either the hard or soft ice was about 0 °C. Finally, results of "stage I" tests showed that stainless steel pipe welds were a preferred sight for ice to accumulate. Repeatability was done first in stage II and the normalized pressure increase for two 3/42 un-insulated pipe tests were within 7%. Normalized pressure increase across a pipe was shown to increase as Reynolds number decreased. A 50% increase in Reynolds number led to a 40% decrease in characteristic normalized pressure increase (CNPI). Tests were done at three temperatures and ice accumulated the most at -11 °C. The CNPI at -11 °C was about three times greater than the CNPI at -7.4 °C and about sixty times greater than the CNPI at -19.4 C. A greater heat transfer from the fuel pipe increased ice accumulation. For the amount of time that the tests ran, the total normalized pressure increase was about .9 greater for an un-insulated pipe than for an insulated pipe. Contamination in the fuel increased the amount of soft ice that collected in the system. The CNPI for the more contaminated fuel was more than double the case with less contaminated fuel. Possible solutions for the prevention or decrease of ice accumulation in aircraft fuel systems based on the results of this study are insulated pipes, a change in the type of pipe material, a higher fuel flow rate and cleaner fuel. The fuel temperature could also be altered to avoid temperatures where the most ice accumulates.

Intermediate Temperature Water Heat Pipe Tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devarakonda, Angirasa; Xiong, Da-Xi; Beach, Duane E.

2005-01-01

Heat pipes are among the most promising technologies for space radiator systems. Water heat pipes are explored in the intermediate temperature range of 400 to above 500 K. The thermodynamic and thermo-physical properties of water are reviewed in this temperature range. Test data are reported for a copper-water heat pipe. The heat pipe was tested under different orientations. Water heat pipes show promise in this temperature range. Fabrication and testing issues are being addressed.

Mineralogical Evidence of Galvanic Corrosion in Domestic, Drinking Water Pipes

EPA Science Inventory

Drinking water distribution system (DWDS) piping contains numerous examples of galvanically-coupled metals (e.g., soldered copper pipe joints, copper-lead pipes joined during partial replacements of lead service lines). The possible role of galvanic corrosion in the release of l...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

46 CFR 76.23-20 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Manual Sprinkling System, Details § 76.23-20 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable... the Commandant. (c) All piping, valves, fittings, and sprinkler heads shall be securely supported, and...

Conceptual design of free-piston Stirling conversion system for solar power units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loktionov, Iu. V.

A conversion system has been conceptually designed for solar power units of the dish-Stirling type. The main design objectives were to demonstrate the possibility of attaining such performance characteristics as low manufacturing and life cycle costs, high reliability, long life, high efficiency, power output stability, self-balance, automatic (or self-) start-up, and easy maintenance. The system design includes a heat transfer and utilization subsystem with a solar receiver, a free-piston engine, an electric power generation subsystem, and a control subsystem. The working fluid is helium. The structural material is stainless steel for hot elements, aluminum alloys and plastics for others. The electric generation subunit can be fabricated in three options: with an induction linear alternator, with a permanent magnet linear alternator, and with a serial rotated induction generator and a hydraulic drive subsystem. The heat transfer system is based on heat pipes or the reflux boiler principle. Several models of heat transfer units using a liquid metal (Na or Na-K) have been created and demonstrated.

Corrosion potential analysis system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiefer, Karl F.

1998-03-01

Many cities in the northeastern U.S. transport electrical power from place to place via underground cables, which utilize voltages from 68 kv to 348 kv. These cables are placed in seamless steel pipe to protect the conductors. These buried pipe-type-cables (PTCs) are carefully designed and constantly pressurized with transformer oil to prevent any possible contamination. A protective coating placed on the outside diameter of the pipe during manufacture protects the steel pipe from the soil environment. Notwithstanding the protection mechanisms available, the pipes remain vulnerable to electrochemical corrosion processes. If undetected, corrosion can cause the pipes to leak transformer oil into the environment. These leaks can assume serious proportions due to the constant pressure on the inside of the pipe. A need exists for a detection system that can dynamically monitor the corrosive potential on the length of the pipe and dynamically adjust cathodic protection to counter local and global changes in the cathodic environment surrounding the pipes. The northeastern United States contains approximately 1000 miles of this pipe. This milage is critical to the transportation and distribution of power. So critical, that each of the pipe runs has a redundant double running parallel to it. Invocon, Inc. proposed and tested a technically unique and cost effective solution to detect critical corrosion potential and to communicate that information to a central data collection and analysis location. Invocon's solution utilizes the steel of the casing pipe as a communication medium. Each data gathering station on the pipe can act as a relay for information gathered elsewhere on the pipe. These stations must have 'smart' network configuration algorithms that constantly test various communication paths and determine the best and most power efficient route through which information should flow. Each network station also performs data acquisition and analysis tasks that ultimately determine the corrosion risk in a local area. The system has virtually no installation costs and can operate on battery power for at least two years.

­­Clastic Pipes on Mars: Evidence for a Near Surface Groundwater System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wheatley, D. F.; Chan, M. A.; Okubo, C. H.

2017-12-01

Clastic pipes, a type of vertical, columnar injectite, occur throughout the terrestrial stratigraphic record and are identified across many Martian terrains. Terrestrial pipe analogs can aid in identifying clastic pipes on Mars to understand their formation processes and their implications for a past near-surface groundwater system. On Earth, clastic pipes form through fluidization of overpressurized sediment. Fluidization occurs when the upward frictional (i.e., drag) forces of escaping fluids overpower the downward acting gravitational force. To create the forces necessary for pipe formation requires overpressurization of a body of water-saturated porous media overlain by a low permeability confining layer. As the pressure builds, the confining layer eventually fractures and the escaping fluids fluidize the porous sediment causing the sediment to behave like a fluid. These specific formation conditions record evidence of a violent release of fluid-suspended sediment including brecciation of the host and sealing material, internal outward grading/sorting that results in a coarser-grained commonly better cemented outer rind, traction structures, and a cylindrical geometry. Pipes form self-organized, dispersed spatial relationships due to the efficient diffusion of overpressured zones in the subsurface and the expulsion of sediment under pressure. Martian pipes occur across the northern lowlands, dichotomy boundary, and southern highlands in various forms of erosional relief ranging from newer eruption structures to eroded cylindrical/conical mounds with raised rims to highly eroded mounds/hills. Similar to terrestrial examples, Martian pipes form in evenly-spaced, self-organized arrangements. The pipes are typically internally massive with a raised outer rim (interpreted as a sorted, coarser-grained, better-cemented rim). This evidence indicates that Martian pipes formed through fluidization, which requires a near-surface groundwater system. Pipes create a window into the subsurface by excavating subsurface sediment and waters. After emplacement, pipes can also act as fluid conduits, channeling post-depositional fluid flow. The preferential porosity and flow paths may make the pipes an ideal exploration target for microbial life.

PBF Cooling Tower. Hot deck of Cooling Tower with fan ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

PBF Cooling Tower. Hot deck of Cooling Tower with fan motors in place. Fan's propeller blades (not in view) rotate within lower portion of vents. Inlet pipe is a left of view. Contractor's construction buildings in view to right. Photographer: Larry Page. Date: June 30, 1969. INEEL negative no. 69-3781 - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, SPERT-I & Power Burst Facility Area, Scoville, Butte County, ID

108. DETAIL OF DENVER DISC FILTER IN CO91107, SUCTION END. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

108. DETAIL OF DENVER DISC FILTER IN CO-91-107, SUCTION END. NOTE BEARING HOUSING WITH CAST LOGO, SUCTION PIPE GOING OFF TO THE RIGHT, AND FILTER DISC IN BACKGROUND. VACUUM INSIDE DISCS FURTHER DEWATERED CONCENTRATE. AS DISC SLOWLY ROTATED A BAR SCRAPED DRIED CONCENTRATE FROM OUTSIDE OF FILTER CLOTH. - Shenandoah-Dives Mill, 135 County Road 2, Silverton, San Juan County, CO

Heat pipes for terrestrial applications in dehumidification systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khattar, Mukesh K.

1988-01-01

A novel application of heat pipes which greatly enhances dehumidification performance of air-conditioning systems is presented. When an air-to-air heat pipe heat exchanger is placed between the warm return air and cold supply air streams of an air conditioner, heat is efficiently transferred from the return air to the supply air. As the warm return air precools during this process, it moves closer to its dew-point temperature. Therefore, the cooling system works less to remove moisture. This paper discusses the concept, its benefits, the challenges of incorporating heat pipes in an air-conditioning system, and the preliminary results from a field demonstration of an industrial application.

Heat Rejection Concepts for Brayton Power Conversion Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Siamidis, John; Mason, Lee; Beach, Duane; Yuko, James

2005-01-01

This paper describes potential heat rejection design concepts for closed Brayton cycle (CBC) power conversion systems. Brayton conversion systems are currently under study by NASA for Nuclear Electric Propulsion (NEP) applications. The Heat Rejection Subsystem (HRS) must dissipate waste heat generated by the power conversion system due to inefficiencies in the thermal-to-electric conversion process. Space Brayton conversion system designs tend to optimize at efficiencies of about 20 to 25 percent with radiator temperatures in the 400 to 600 K range. A notional HRS was developed for a 100 kWe-class Brayton power system that uses a pumped sodium-potassium (NaK) heat transport loop coupled to a water heat pipe radiator. The radiator panels employ a sandwich construction consisting of regularly-spaced circular heat pipes contained within two composite facesheets. Heat transfer from the NaK fluid to the heat pipes is accomplished by inserting the evaporator sections into the NaK duct channel. The paper evaluates various design parameters including heat pipe diameter, heat pipe spacing, and facesheet thickness. Parameters were varied to compare design options on the basis of NaK pump pressure rise and required power, heat pipe unit power and radial flux, radiator panel areal mass, and overall HRS mass.

Heat pipe radiator technology for space power systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Carlson, A. W.; Gustafson, E.; Ercegovic, B. A.

1986-01-01

High-reliability high-performance deployable monogroove and dual-slot heat pipe radiator systems to meet the requirements for electric power in future space missions, such as the 300-kW(e) electric powder demand projected for NASA's Space Station, are discussed. Analytical model trade studies of various configurations show the advantages of the dual-slot heat pipe radiator for high temperature applications as well as its weight reduction potential over the 50-350 F temperature range. The ammonia-aluminum monogroove heat pipe, limited to below-180 F operating temperatures, is under development, and can employ methanol-stainless steel heat pipes to achieve operating temperatures in excess of 300 F. Dual-slot heat pipe configuration proof-of-concept testing was begun in 1985.

Mixing at double-Tee junctions with unequal pipe sizes in water distribution systems

EPA Science Inventory

Pipe flow mixing with various solute concentrations and flow rates at pipe junctions is investigated. The degree of mixing affects the spread of contaminants in a water distribution system. Many studies have been conducted on the mixing at the cross junctions. Yet a few have focu...

46 CFR 108.449 - Piping tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping tests. 108.449 Section 108.449 Shipping COAST... Fire Extinguishing Systems Fixed Carbon Dioxide Fire Extinguishing Systems § 108.449 Piping tests. (a) Each test prescribed in (b), (c), and (d) of this section must be performed upon completion of the...

46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and Process Piping Systems § 154.528 Piping joints: Flange type. (a) A flange must be one of the following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... less; or (3) Welding neck. (c) If the piping is designed for a temperature lower than −55 °C (−67 °F...

Dynamics of the inlet system of a four-stroke engine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boden, R H; Schecter, Harry

1944-01-01

Tests were run on a single-cylinder and a multicylinder four-stroke engine in order to determine the effect of the dynamics of the inlet system upon indicated mean effective pressure. Tests on the single-cylinder engine were made at various speeds, inlet valve timings, and inlet pipe lengths. These tests indicated that the indicated mean effective pressure could be raised considerably at any one speed by the use of a suitably long inlet pipe. Tests at other speeds with this length of pipe showed higher indicated mean effective pressure than with a very short pipe, although not so high as could be obtained with the pipe length adjusted for each speed. A general relation was discovered between optimum time of inlet valve closing and pipe length; namely, that longer pipes require later inlet valve closing in order to be fully effective. Tests were also made on three cylinders connected to a single pipe. With this arrangement, increased volumetric efficiency at low speed was obtainable by using a long pipe, but only with a sacrifice of volumetric efficiency at high speed. Volumetric efficiency at high speed was progressively lower as the pipe length was increased.

International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) Program. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilkowski, G.; Schmidt, R.; Scott, P.

1997-06-01

This is the final report of the International Piping Integrity Research Group (IPIRG) Program. The IPIRG Program was an international group program managed by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission and funded by a consortium of organizations from nine nations: Canada, France, Italy, Japan, Sweden, Switzerland, Taiwan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The program objective was to develop data needed to verify engineering methods for assessing the integrity of circumferentially-cracked nuclear power plant piping. The primary focus was an experimental task that investigated the behavior of circumferentially flawed piping systems subjected to high-rate loadings typical of seismic events. Tomore » accomplish these objectives a pipe system fabricated as an expansion loop with over 30 meters of 16-inch diameter pipe and five long radius elbows was constructed. Five dynamic, cyclic, flawed piping experiments were conducted using this facility. This report: (1) provides background information on leak-before-break and flaw evaluation procedures for piping, (2) summarizes technical results of the program, (3) gives a relatively detailed assessment of the results from the pipe fracture experiments and complementary analyses, and (4) summarizes advances in the state-of-the-art of pipe fracture technology resulting from the IPIRG program.« less

Oil-Water Flow Investigations using Planar-Laser Induced Fluorescence and Particle Velocimetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibarra, Roberto; Matar, Omar K.; Markides, Christos N.

2017-11-01

The study of the complex behaviour of immiscible liquid-liquid flow in pipes requires the implementation of advanced measurement techniques in order to extract detailed in situ information. Laser-based diagnostic techniques allow the extraction of high-resolution space- and time resolve phase and velocity information, which aims to improve the fundamental understanding of these flows and to validate closure relations for advanced multiphase flow models. This work shows a novel simultaneous planar-laser induced fluorescence and particle velocimetry in stratified oil-water flows using two laser light sheets at two different wavelengths for fluids with different refractive indices at horizontal and upward pipe inclinations (<5°) in stratified flow conditions (i.e. separated layers). Complex flow structures are extracted from 2-D instantaneous velocity fields, which are strongly dependent on the pipe inclination at low velocities. The analysis of mean wall-normal velocity profiles and velocity fluctuations suggests the presence of single- and counter-rotating vortices in the azimuthal direction, especially in the oil layer, which can be attributed to the influence of the interfacial waves. Funding from BP, and the TMF Consortium is gratefully acknowledged.

Experimental Verification of Steel Pipe Collapse under Vacuum Pressure Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Autrique, R.; Rodal, E.

2016-11-01

Steel pipes are used widely in hydroelectric systems and in pumping systems. Both systems are subject to hydraulic transient effects caused by changes in boundary conditions, such as sudden valve closures, pump failures, or accidents. Water column separation, and its associated vaporization pressure inside the pipe, can cause the collapse of thin walled steel pipes subject to atmospheric pressure, as happened during the well known Oigawa Power Plant accident in Japan, in 1950. The conditions under which thin walled pipes subject to external pressure can collapse have been studied mathematically since the second half of the XIX century, with classical authors Southwell and Von Mises obtaining definitive equations for long and short pipes in the second decade of the XX century, in which the fundamental variables are the diameter to thickness ratio D/t and the length to diameter ratio L/D. In this paper, the predicted critical D/t ratio for steel pipe collapse is verified experimentally, in a physical model able to reproduce hydraulic transients, generating vacuum pressures through rapid upstream valve closures.

Friction loss in straight pipes of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride.

PubMed

Iwasaki, T; Ojima, J

1996-01-01

In order to design proper ductwork for a local exhaust system, airflow characteristics were investigated in straight pipes of unplasticized polyvinyl chloride (PVC). A linear decrease in static pressure was observed downstream at points from the opening of the VU pipes (JIS K 6741) located at distances greater than 10 times the pipe diameter, for velocities ranging between 10.18-36.91 m/s. Roughness inside pipes with small diameters was found to be 0.0042-0.0056 mm and the friction factor was calculated on the basis of Colebrook's equation for an airflow transition zone. An extended friction chart was then constructed on the basis of the roughness value and the friction factor. This chart can be applied when designing a local exhaust system with the ducts of diameters ranging from 40 to 900 mm. The friction loss of the PVC pipe was found to be approximately 2/3 of that of a galvanized steel pipe.

Sodium Based Heat Pipe Modules for Space Reactor Concepts: Stainless Steel SAFE-100 Core

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, James J.; Reid, Robert S.

2004-01-01

A heat pipe cooled reactor is one of several candidate reactor cores being considered for advanced space power and propulsion systems to support future space exploration applications. Long life heat pipe modules, with designs verified through a combination of theoretical analysis and experimental lifetime evaluations, would be necessary to establish the viability of any of these candidates, including the heat pipe reactor option. A hardware-based program was initiated to establish the infrastructure necessary to build heat pipe modules. This effort, initiated by Los Alamos National Laboratory and referred to as the Safe Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) project, set out to fabricate and perform non-nuclear testing on a modular heat pipe reactor prototype that can provide 100 kilowatt from the core to an energy conversion system at 700 C. Prototypic heat pipe hardware was designed, fabricated, filled, closed-out and acceptance tested.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yu, Y.J.; Sohn, G.H.; Kim, Y.J.

Typical LBB (Leak-Before-Break) analysis is performed for the highest stress location for each different type of material in the high energy pipe line. In most cases, the highest stress occurs at the nozzle and pipe interface location at the terminal end. The standard finite element analysis approach to calculate J-Integral values at the crack tip utilizes symmetry conditions when modeling near the nozzle as well as away from the nozzle region to minimize the model size and simplify the calculation of J-integral values at the crack tip. A factor of two is typically applied to the J-integral value to accountmore » for symmetric conditions. This simplified analysis can lead to conservative results especially for small diameter pipes where the asymmetry of the nozzle-pipe interface is ignored. The stiffness of the residual piping system and non-symmetries of geometry along with different material for the nozzle, safe end and pipe are usually omitted in current LBB methodology. In this paper, the effects of non-symmetries due to geometry and material at the pipe-nozzle interface are presented. Various LBB analyses are performed for a small diameter piping system to evaluate the effect a nozzle has on the J-integral calculation, crack opening area and crack stability. In addition, material differences between the nozzle and pipe are evaluated. Comparison is made between a pipe model and a nozzle-pipe interface model, and a LBB PED (Piping Evaluation Diagram) curve is developed to summarize the results for use by piping designers.« less

46 CFR 154.516 - Piping: Hull protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping: Hull protection. 154.516 Section 154.516 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY... and Process Piping Systems § 154.516 Piping: Hull protection. A vessel's hull must be protected from...

Heat Pipe-Assisted Thermoelectric Power Generation Technology for Waste Heat Recovery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jang, Ju-Chan; Chi, Ri-Guang; Rhi, Seok-Ho; Lee, Kye-Bock; Hwang, Hyun-Chang; Lee, Ji-Su; Lee, Wook-Hyun

2015-06-01

Currently, large amounts of thermal energy dissipated from automobiles are emitted through hot exhaust pipes. This has resulted in the need for a new efficient recycling method to recover energy from waste hot exhaust gas. The present experimental study investigated how to improve the power output of a thermoelectric generator (TEG) system assisted by a wickless loop heat pipe (loop thermosyphon) under the limited space of the exhaust gas pipeline. The present study shows a novel loop-type heat pipe-assisted TEG concept to be applied to hybrid vehicles. The operating temperature of a TEG's hot side surface should be as high as possible to maximize the Seebeck effect. The present study shows a novel TEG concept of transferring heat from the source to the sink. This technology can transfer waste heat to any local place with a loop-type heat pipe. The present TEG system with a heat pipe can transfer heat and generate an electromotive force power of around 1.3 V in the case of 170°C hot exhaust gas. Two thermoelectric modules (TEMs) for a conductive block model and four Bi2Te3 TEMs with a heat pipe-assisted model were installed in the condenser section. Heat flows to the condenser section from the evaporator section connected to the exhaust pipe. This novel TEG system with a heat pipe can be placed in any location on an automobile.

Effect of PVC and iron materials on Mn(II) deposition in drinking water distribution systems.

PubMed

Cerrato, José M; Reyes, Lourdes P; Alvarado, Carmen N; Dietrich, Andrea M

2006-08-01

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and iron pipe materials differentially impacted manganese deposition within a drinking water distribution system that experiences black water problems because it receives soluble manganese from a surface water reservoir that undergoes biogeochemical cycling of manganese. The water quality study was conducted in a section of the distribution system of Tegucigalpa, Honduras and evaluated the influence of iron and PVC pipe materials on the concentrations of soluble and particulate iron and manganese, and determined the composition of scales formed on PVC and iron pipes. As expected, total Fe concentrations were highest in water from iron pipes. Water samples obtained from PVC pipes showed higher total Mn concentrations and more black color than that obtained from iron pipes. Scanning electron microscopy demonstrated that manganese was incorporated into the iron tubercles and thus not readily dislodged from the pipes by water flow. The PVC pipes contained a thin surface scale consisting of white and brown layers of different chemical composition; the brown layer was in contact with the water and contained 6% manganese by weight. Mn composed a greater percentage by weight of the PVC scale than the iron pipe scale; the PVC scale was easily dislodged by flowing water. This research demonstrates that interactions between water and the infrastructure used for its supply affect the quality of the final drinking water.

Heat pipe systems using new working fluids

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chao, David F. (Inventor); Zhang, Nengli (Inventor)

2004-01-01

The performance of a heat pipe system is greatly improved by the use of a dilute aqueous solution of about 0.0005 and about 0.005 moles per liter of a long chain alcohol as the working fluid. The surface tension-temperature gradient of the long-chain alcohol solutions turns positive as the temperature exceeds a certain value, for example about 40.degree. C. for n-heptanol solutions. Consequently, the Marangoni effect does not impede, but rather aids in bubble departure from the heating surface. Thus, the bubble size at departure is substantially reduced at higher frequencies and, therefore, increases the boiling limit of heat pipes. This feature is useful in microgravity conditions. In addition to microgravity applications, the heat pipe system may be used for commercial, residential and vehicular air conditioning systems, micro heat pipes for electronic devices, refrigeration and heat exchangers, and chemistry and cryogenics.

Experimental and numerical study of latent heat thermal energy storage systems assisted by heat pipes for concentrated solar power application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tiari, Saeed

A desirable feature of concentrated solar power (CSP) with integrated thermal energy storage (TES) unit is to provide electricity in a dispatchable manner during cloud transient and non-daylight hours. Latent heat thermal energy storage (LHTES) offers many advantages such as higher energy storage density, wider range of operating temperature and nearly isothermal heat transfer relative to sensible heat thermal energy storage (SHTES), which is the current standard for trough and tower CSP systems. Despite the advantages mentioned above, LHTES systems performance is often limited by low thermal conductivity of commonly used, low cost phase change materials (PCMs). Research and development of passive heat transfer devices, such as heat pipes (HPs) to enhance the heat transfer in the PCM has received considerable attention. Due to its high effective thermal conductivity, heat pipe can transport large amounts of heat with relatively small temperature difference. The objective of this research is to study the charging and discharging processes of heat pipe-assisted LHTES systems using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and experimental testing to develop a method for more efficient energy storage system design. The results revealed that the heat pipe network configurations and the quantities of heat pipes integrated in a thermal energy storage system have a profound effect on the thermal response of the system. The optimal placement of heat pipes in the system can significantly enhance the thermal performance. It was also found that the inclusion of natural convection heat transfer in the CFD simulation of the system is necessary to have a realistic prediction of a latent heat thermal storage system performance. In addition, the effects of geometrical features and quantity of fins attached to the HPs have been studied.

Assessment of water pipes durability under pressure surge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pham Ha, Hai; Minh, Lanh Pham Thi; Tang Van, Lam; Bulgakov, Boris; Bazhenova, Soafia

2017-10-01

Surge phenomenon occurs on the pipeline by the closing valve or pump suddenly lost power. Due to the complexity of the water hammer simulation, previous researches have only considered water hammer on the single pipe or calculation of some positions on water pipe network, it have not been analysis for all of pipe on the water distribution systems. Simulation of water hammer due to closing valve on water distribution system and the influence level of pressure surge is evaluated at the defects on pipe. Water hammer on water supply pipe network are simulated by Water HAMMER software academic version and the capacity of defects are calculated by SINTAP. SINTAP developed from Brite-Euram projects in Brussels-Belgium with the aim to develop a process for assessing the integrity of the structure for the European industry. Based on the principle of mechanical fault, indicating the size of defects in materials affect the load capacity of the product in the course of work, the process has proposed setting up the diagram to fatigue assessment defect (FAD). The methods are applied for water pipe networks of Lien Chieu district, Da Nang city, Viet Nam, the results show the affected area of wave pressure by closing the valve and thereby assess the greatest pressure surge effect to corroded pipe. The SINTAP standard and finite element mesh analysis at the defect during the occurrence of pressure surge which will accurately assess the bearing capacity of the old pipes. This is one of the bases to predict the leakage locations on the water distribution systems. Amount of water hammer when identified on the water supply networks are decreasing due to local losses at the nodes as well as the friction with pipe wall, so this paper adequately simulate water hammer phenomena applying for actual water distribution systems. The research verified that pipe wall with defect is damaged under the pressure surge value.

Combining geomorphological mapping and near surface geophysics (GPR and ERT) to study piping systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernatek-Jakiel, Anita; Kondracka, Marta

2016-12-01

This paper aims to provide a more comprehensive characterization of piping systems in mountainous areas under a temperate climate using geomorphological mapping and geophysical methods (electrical resistivity tomography - ERT and ground penetrating radar - GPR). The significance of piping in gully formation and hillslope hydrology has been discussed for many years, and most of the studies are based on surface investigations. However, it seems that most surface investigations underestimate this subsurface process. Therefore, our purpose was to estimate the scale of piping activity based on both surface and subsurface investigations. We used geophysical methods to detect the boundary of lateral water movement fostering pipe development and recognize the internal structure of the underlying materials. The survey was carried out in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment, in the Bieszczady Mountains. (Eastern Carpathians, Poland), where pipes develop in Cambisols at a mean depth of about 0.7-0.8 m. The geophysical techniques that were used are shown to be successful in identifying pipes. GPR data suggest that the density of piping systems is much larger than that detectible from surface observations alone. Pipe length can be > 6.5-9.2% (maximum = 49%) higher than what surface mapping suggests. Thus, the significance of piping in hillslope hydrology and gully formation can be greater than previously assumed. These results also draw attention to the scale of piping activity in the Carpathians, where this process has been neglected for many years. The ERT profiles reveal areas affected by piping as places of higher resistivity values, which are an effect of a higher content of air-filled pores (due to higher soil porosity, intense biological activity, and well-developed soil structure). In addition, the ERT profiles show that the pipes in the study area develop at the soil-bedrock interface, probably above the layers of shales or mudstones which create a water restrictive layer. Our results illustrate the suitability and limitations of GPR and ERT to study soil piping. In general, geophysical surveying is useful for gathering more information on pipe density, potential pipe detection, and recognition of the internal structure of materials underlying the pipes. However, the interpretation of radargrams and ERT profiles should be always accompanied by detailed terrain mapping due to potential disturbances affecting geophysical profiles.

46 CFR 154.310 - Cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Arrangements § 154.310 Cargo piping systems. Cargo liquid or vapor piping must: (a) Be separated from other...); (b) Not enter or pass through any accommodation, service, or control space; (c) Except as allowed under § 154.703, not enter or pass through a machinery space other than a cargo pump or compressor room...

46 CFR 154.310 - Cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Arrangements § 154.310 Cargo piping systems. Cargo liquid or vapor piping must: (a) Be separated from other...); (b) Not enter or pass through any accommodation, service, or control space; (c) Except as allowed under § 154.703, not enter or pass through a machinery space other than a cargo pump or compressor room...

46 CFR 154.310 - Cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Arrangements § 154.310 Cargo piping systems. Cargo liquid or vapor piping must: (a) Be separated from other...); (b) Not enter or pass through any accommodation, service, or control space; (c) Except as allowed under § 154.703, not enter or pass through a machinery space other than a cargo pump or compressor room...

46 CFR 154.310 - Cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Arrangements § 154.310 Cargo piping systems. Cargo liquid or vapor piping must: (a) Be separated from other...); (b) Not enter or pass through any accommodation, service, or control space; (c) Except as allowed under § 154.703, not enter or pass through a machinery space other than a cargo pump or compressor room...

46 CFR 154.310 - Cargo piping systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Arrangements § 154.310 Cargo piping systems. Cargo liquid or vapor piping must: (a) Be separated from other...); (b) Not enter or pass through any accommodation, service, or control space; (c) Except as allowed under § 154.703, not enter or pass through a machinery space other than a cargo pump or compressor room...

Long titanium heat pipes for high-temperature space radiators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Girrens, S. P.; Ernst, D. M.

1982-01-01

Titanium heat pipes are being developed to provide light weight, reliable heat rejection devices as an alternate radiator design for the Space Reactor Power System (SP-100). The radiator design includes 360 heat pipes, each of which is 5.2 m long and dissipates 3 kW of power at 775 K. The radiator heat pipes use potassium as the working fluid, have two screen arteries for fluid return, a roughened surface distributive wicking system, and a D shaped cross section container configuration. A prototype titanium heat pipe, 5.5 m long, was fabricated and tested in space simulating conditions. Results from startup and isothermal operation tests are presented. These results are also compared to theoretical performance predictions that were used to design the heat pipe initially.

Long titanium heat pipes for high-temperature space radiators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Girrens, S. P.; Ernst, D. M.

1982-01-01

Titanium heat pipes are being developed to provide light weight, reliable heat rejection devices as an alternate radiator design for the Space Reactor Power System (SP-100). The radiator design includes 360 heat pipes, each of which is 5.2 m long and dissipates 3 kW of power at 775 K. The radiator heat pipes use potassium as the working fluid, have two screen arteries for fluid return, a roughened surface distributive wicking system, and a D-shaped cross-section container configuration. A prototype titanium heat pipe, 5.5-m long, has been fabricated and tested in space-simulating conditions. Results from startup and isothermal operation tests are presented. These results are also compared to theoretical performance predictions that were used to design the heat pipe initially.

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ballast piping. (vii) Tank cleaning piping. (viii) Condenser circulating water piping. (ix) Vent, sound....) (xii) Cargo piping. (xiii) Hot water heating systems if the temperature is greater than 121 °C(250 °F... substantiate their compliance with the regulations of this subchapter; (3) A thermal stress analysis is not...

46 CFR 76.17-15 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping. 76.17-15 Section 76.17-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.17-15 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable...

46 CFR 76.17-15 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping. 76.17-15 Section 76.17-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) PASSENGER VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.17-15 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable...

46 CFR 95.17-15 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping. 95.17-15 Section 95.17-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-15 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable...

46 CFR 95.17-15 - Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping. 95.17-15 Section 95.17-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CARGO AND MISCELLANEOUS VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Foam Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.17-15 Piping. (a) All piping, valves, and fittings shall meet the applicable...

46 CFR 154.910 - Inert gas piping: Location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inert gas piping: Location. 154.910 Section 154.910 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY... Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.910 Inert gas piping: Location. Inert gas piping must...

Numerical and experimental analysis of heat pipes with application in concentrated solar power systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahdavi, Mahboobe

Thermal energy storage systems as an integral part of concentrated solar power plants improve the performance of the system by mitigating the mismatch between the energy supply and the energy demand. Using a phase change material (PCM) to store energy increases the energy density, hence, reduces the size and cost of the system. However, the performance is limited by the low thermal conductivity of the PCM, which decreases the heat transfer rate between the heat source and PCM, which therefore prolongs the melting, or solidification process, and results in overheating the interface wall. To address this issue, heat pipes are embedded in the PCM to enhance the heat transfer from the receiver to the PCM, and from the PCM to the heat sink during charging and discharging processes, respectively. In the current study, the thermal-fluid phenomenon inside a heat pipe was investigated. The heat pipe network is specifically configured to be implemented in a thermal energy storage unit for a concentrated solar power system. The configuration allows for simultaneous power generation and energy storage for later use. The network is composed of a main heat pipe and an array of secondary heat pipes. The primary heat pipe has a disk-shaped evaporator and a disk-shaped condenser, which are connected via an adiabatic section. The secondary heat pipes are attached to the condenser of the primary heat pipe and they are surrounded by PCM. The other side of the condenser is connected to a heat engine and serves as its heat acceptor. The applied thermal energy to the disk-shaped evaporator changes the phase of working fluid in the wick structure from liquid to vapor. The vapor pressure drives it through the adiabatic section to the condenser where the vapor condenses and releases its heat to a heat engine. It should be noted that the condensed working fluid is returned to the evaporator by the capillary forces of the wick. The extra heat is then delivered to the phase change material through the secondary heat pipes. During the discharging process, secondary heat pipes serve as evaporators and transfer the stored energy to the heat engine. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Welding Penetration Control of Fixed Pipe in TIG Welding Using Fuzzy Inference System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baskoro, Ario Sunar; Kabutomori, Masashi; Suga, Yasuo

This paper presents a study on welding penetration control of fixed pipe in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding using fuzzy inference system. The welding penetration control is essential to the production quality welds with a specified geometry. For pipe welding using constant arc current and welding speed, the bead width becomes wider as the circumferential welding of small diameter pipes progresses. Having welded pipe in fixed position, obviously, the excessive arc current yields burn through of metals; in contrary, insufficient arc current produces imperfect welding. In order to avoid these errors and to obtain the uniform weld bead over the entire circumference of the pipe, the welding conditions should be controlled as the welding proceeds. This research studies the intelligent welding process of aluminum alloy pipe 6063S-T5 in fixed position using the AC welding machine. The monitoring system used a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to monitor backside image of molten pool. The captured image was processed to recognize the edge of molten pool by image processing algorithm. Simulation of welding control using fuzzy inference system was constructed to simulate the welding control process. The simulation result shows that fuzzy controller was suitable for controlling the welding speed and appropriate to be implemented into the welding system. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy controller. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the control system that is confirmed by sound welds.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swamy, S.A.; Mandava, P.R.; Bhowmick, D.C.

The leak-before-break (LBB) methodology is accepted as a technically justifiable approach for eliminating postulation of Double-Ended Guillotine Breaks (DEGB) in high energy piping systems. This is the result of extensive research, development, and rigorous evaluations by the NRC and the commercial nuclear power industry since the early 1970s. The DEGB postulation is responsible for the many hundreds of pipe whip restraints and jet shields found in commercial nuclear plants. These restraints and jet shields not only cost many millions of dollars, but also cause plant congestion leading to reduced reliability in inservice inspection and increased man-rem exposure. While use ofmore » leak-before-break technology saved hundreds of millions of dollars in backfit costs to many operating Westinghouse plants, value-impacts resulting from the application of this technology for future plants are greater on a per plant basis. These benefits will be highlighted in this paper. The LBB technology has been applied extensively to high energy piping systems in operating plants. However, there are differences between the application of LBB technology to an operating plant and to a new plant design. In this paper an approach is proposed which is suitable for application of LBB to a new plant design such as the Westinghouse AP600. The approach is based on generating Bounding Analyses Curves (BAC) for the candidate piping systems. The general methodology and criteria used for developing the BACs are based on modified GDC-4 and Standard Review Plan (SRP) 3.6.3. The BAC allows advance evaluation of the piping system from the LBB standpoint thereby assuring LBB conformance for the piping system. The piping designer can use the results of the BACs to determine acceptability of design loads and make modifications (in terms of piping layout and support configurations) as necessary at the design stage to assure LBB for the, piping systems under consideration.« less

Programmable immersive peripheral environmental system (PIPES): a prototype control system for environmental feedback devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frend, Chauncey; Boyles, Michael

2015-03-01

This paper describes an environmental feedback device (EFD) control system aimed at simplifying the VR development cycle. Programmable Immersive Peripheral Environmental System (PIPES) affords VR developers a custom approach to programming and controlling EFD behaviors while relaxing the required knowledge and expertise of electronic systems. PIPES has been implemented for the Unity engine and features EFD control using the Arduino integrated development environment. PIPES was installed and tested on two VR systems, a large format CAVE system and an Oculus Rift HMD system. A photocell based end-to-end latency experiment was conducted to measure latency within the system. This work extends previously unpublished prototypes of a similar design. Development and experiments described in this paper are part of the VR community goal to understand and apply environment effects to VEs that ultimately add to users' perceived presence.

Magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer around a heated cylinder of arbitrary conductivity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tassone, A.; Nobili, M.; Caruso, G.

2017-11-01

The interaction of the liquid metal with the plasma confinement magnetic field constitutes a challenge for the design of fusion reactor blankets, due to the arise of MHD effects: increased pressure drops, heat transfer suppression, etc. To overcome these issues, a dielectric fluid can be employed as coolant for the breeding zone. A typical configuration involves pipes transverse to the liquid metal flow direction. This numerical study is conducted to assess the influence of pipe conductivity on the MHD flow and heat transfer. The CFD code ANSYS CFX was employed for this purpose. The fluid is assumed to be bounded by rectangular walls with non-uniform thickness and subject to a skewed magnetic field with the main component aligned with the cylinder axis. The simulations were restricted to Re = (20; 40) and M = (10; 50). Three different scenarios for the obstacle were considered: perfectly insulating, finite conductivity and perfectly conducting. The electrical conductivity was found to affect the channel pressure penalty due to the obstacle insertion only for M = 10 and just for the two limiting cases. A general increment of the heat transfer with M was found due to the tendency of the magnetic field to equalize the flow rate between the sub-channels individuated by the pipe. The best results were obtained with the insulating pipe, due to the reduced electromagnetic drag. The generation of counter-rotating vortices close to the lateral duct walls was observed for M = 50 and perfectly conducting pipe as a result of the modified currents distribution.

Development of a probe for inner profile measurement and flaw detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshizawa, Toru; Wakayama, Toshitaka; Kamakura, Yoshihisa

2011-08-01

It is one of the important necessities to precisely measure the inner diameter and/or the inner profile of pipes, tubes and other objects similar in shape. Especially in mechanical engineering field, there are many requests from automobile industry because the inner surface of engine blocks and other die casts are strongly required to be inspected and measured by non-contact methods (not by the naked eyes inspection using a borescope). If the inner diameter is large enough like water pipes or drain pipes, complicated and large equipment may be applicable. However, small pipes with a diameter ranging from 10mm to 100mm are difficult to be inspected by such a large instrument as is used for sewers inspection. And we have proposed an instrument which has no moving elements such as a rotating mirror or a prism for scanning a beam. Our measurement method is based on optical sectioning using triangulation. This optically sectioned profile of an inner wall of pipe-like objects is analyzed to produce numerical data of inner diameter or profile. Here, we report recent development of the principle and applications of the optical instrument with a simple and compact configuration. In addition to profile measurement, we found flaws and defects on the inner wall were also detected by using the similar principle. Up to now, we have developed probes with the diameter of 8mm to 25mm for small size objects and another probe (80 mm in diameter) for such a larger container with the dimensional size of 600mm.

Stirling engine external heat system design with heat pipe heater

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Godett, Ted M.; Ziph, Benjamin

1986-01-01

This final report presents the conceptual design of a liquid fueled external heating system (EHS) and the preliminary design of a heat pipe heater for the STM-4120 Stirling cycle engine, to meet the Air Force mobile electric power (MEP) requirement for units in the range of 20 to 60 kW. The EHS design had the following constraints: (1) Packaging requirements limited the overall system dimensions to about 330 mm x 250 mm x 100 mm; (2) Heat flux to the sodium heat pipe evaporator was limited to an average of 100 kW/m and a maximum of 550 kW/m based on previous experience; and (3) The heat pipe operating temperature was specified to be 800 C based on heat input requirements of the STM4-120. An analysis code was developed to optimize the EHS performance parameters and an analytical development of the sodium heat pipe heater was performed; both are presented and discussed. In addition, construction techniques were evaluated and scale model heat pipe testing performed.

Pressure suppression containment system for boiling water reactor

DOEpatents

Gluntz, D.M.; Nesbitt, L.B.

1997-01-21

A system is disclosed for suppressing the pressure inside the containment of a BWR following a postulated accident. A piping subsystem is provided which features a main process pipe that communicates the wetwell airspace to a connection point downstream of the guard charcoal bed in an offgas system and upstream of the main bank of delay charcoal beds which give extensive holdup to offgases. The main process pipe is fitted with both inboard and outboard containment isolation valves. Also incorporated in the main process pipe is a low-differential-pressure rupture disk which prevents any gas outflow in this piping whatsoever until or unless rupture occurs by virtue of pressure inside this main process pipe on the wetwell airspace side of the disk exceeding the design opening (rupture) pressure differential. The charcoal holds up the radioactive species in the noncondensable gas from the wetwell plenum by adsorption, allowing time for radioactive decay before the gas is vented to the environs. 3 figs.

Design trade-offs among shunt current, pumping loss and compactness in the piping system of a multi-stack vanadium flow battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ye, Qiang; Hu, Jing; Cheng, Ping; Ma, Zhiqi

2015-11-01

Trade-off between shunt current loss and pumping loss is a major challenge in the design of the electrolyte piping network in a flow battery system. It is generally recognized that longer and thinner ducts are beneficial to reduce shunt current but detrimental to minimize pumping power. Base on the developed analog circuit model and the flow network model, we make case studies of multi-stack vanadium flow battery piping systems and demonstrate that both shunt current and electrolyte flow resistance can be simultaneously minimized by using longer and thicker ducts in the piping network. However, extremely long and/or thick ducts lead to a bulky system and may be prohibited by the stack structure. Accordingly, the intrinsic design trade-off is between system efficiency and compactness. Since multi-stack configurations bring both flexibility and complexity to the design process, we perform systematic comparisons among representative piping system designs to illustrate the complicated trade-offs among numerous parameters including stack number, intra-stack channel resistance and inter-stack pipe resistance. As the final design depends on various technical and economical requirements, this paper aims to provide guidelines rather than solutions for designers to locate the optimal trade-off points according to their specific cases.

Sound radiation from a water-filled pipe, radiation into light fluid.

PubMed

Liu, Bilong; Pan, Jie; Li, Xiaodong; Tian, Jing

2002-12-01

This paper is concerned with the sound radiation from a water-filled exhaust pipe. The pipe opening and a plate attached to it form a vibrating surface for this radiation. Fluid-structural coupling between the pipe and enclosed fluid is included in the system modeling, but light fluid assumption is used for sound radiation into the space above the vibrating surface. In this paper, a numerical study on the n = 0 mode in the pipe shows that the wave types associated with this mode have different characteristics in two regions of the nondimensional frequency omega. In the first region of 0

Optimization of an Internally Finned Rotating Heat Pipe.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

ICALC.GT~lI GO TO 1.0 C ** INPUT MODE *** C ELEMENT CONNECTIVITIES C READ (5,-420) NELOSNPANBAN WRITE (6,430) NELNSNl ,NBAN READ (5,440) ( IELt (ICOR(IEL,1...I=1,3),IEL=1,NEL) CWRITE (6,450) C wRITE(6,251) ( IELt (ICOR(IEL,IbtI=1,3), IELINEL) C C TihE CONDENSER GEOMETRY C READ (5,46C) CLI CANGL,RBASEI R21

Vortex Dynamics

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-07

One class (I. discussed in §4) of bifurcating flows is again coiumnar. so there are no axial varations: a second class Il1. §6) consists of solitary...34Amplitude Expansion for Viscous Rotating Pipe Flow Near a Degenerate Bifurcation Point ( A . Mahalov & S. Leibovich) American Physical Society Division of...Fluid Mechanics, Buffalo, NY, November 22, 1988. "Fully Nonlinear Waves on Vortices" ( A . Kribus & S. Leibovich) Seminars "Static bifurcations of vortex

Microbiology, chemistry and biofilm development in a pilot drinking water distribution system with copper and plastic pipes.

PubMed

Lehtola, Markku J; Miettinen, Ilkka T; Keinänen, Minna M; Kekki, Tomi K; Laine, Olli; Hirvonen, Arja; Vartiainen, Terttu; Martikainen, Pertti J

2004-10-01

We studied the changes in water quality and formation of biofilms occurring in a pilot-scale water distribution system with two generally used pipe materials: copper and plastic (polyethylene, PE). The formation of biofilms with time was analysed as the number of total bacteria, heterotrophic plate counts and the concentration of ATP in biofilms. At the end of the experiment (after 308 days), microbial community structure, viable biomass and gram-negative bacterial biomass were analysed via lipid biomarkers (phospholipid fatty acids and lipopolysaccharide 3-hydroxy fatty acids), and the numbers of virus-like particles and total bacteria were enumerated by SYBR Green I staining. The formation of biofilm was slower in copper pipes than in the PE pipes, but after 200 days there was no difference in microbial numbers between the pipe materials. Copper ion led to lower microbial numbers in water during the first 200 days, but thereafter there were no differences between the two pipe materials. The number of virus-like particles was lower in biofilms and in outlet water from the copper pipes than PE pipes. Pipe material influenced also the microbial and gram-negative bacterial community structure in biofilms and water.

Consecutive Short-Scan CT for Geological Structure Analog Models with Large Size on In-Situ Stage.

PubMed

Yang, Min; Zhang, Wen; Wu, Xiaojun; Wei, Dongtao; Zhao, Yixin; Zhao, Gang; Han, Xu; Zhang, Shunli

2016-01-01

For the analysis of interior geometry and property changes of a large-sized analog model during a loading or other medium (water or oil) injection process with a non-destructive way, a consecutive X-ray computed tomography (XCT) short-scan method is developed to realize an in-situ tomography imaging. With this method, the X-ray tube and detector rotate 270° around the center of the guide rail synchronously by switching positive and negative directions alternately on the way of translation until all the needed cross-sectional slices are obtained. Compared with traditional industrial XCTs, this method well solves the winding problems of high voltage cables and oil cooling service pipes during the course of rotation, also promotes the convenience of the installation of high voltage generator and cooling system. Furthermore, hardware costs are also significantly decreased. This kind of scanner has higher spatial resolution and penetrating ability than medical XCTs. To obtain an effective sinogram which matches rotation angles accurately, a structural similarity based method is applied to elimination of invalid projection data which do not contribute to the image reconstruction. Finally, on the basis of geometrical symmetry property of fan-beam CT scanning, a whole sinogram filling a full 360° range is produced and a standard filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm is performed to reconstruct artifacts-free images.

Radiation detector system having heat pipe based cooling

DOEpatents

Iwanczyk, Jan S.; Saveliev, Valeri D.; Barkan, Shaul

2006-10-31

A radiation detector system having a heat pipe based cooling. The radiation detector system includes a radiation detector thermally coupled to a thermo electric cooler (TEC). The TEC cools down the radiation detector, whereby heat is generated by the TEC. A heat removal device dissipates the heat generated by the TEC to surrounding environment. A heat pipe has a first end thermally coupled to the TEC to receive the heat generated by the TEC, and a second end thermally coupled to the heat removal device. The heat pipe transfers the heat generated by the TEC from the first end to the second end to be removed by the heat removal device.

Apparatus for inspecting piping

DOEpatents

Zollingger, W. Thor; Appel, D. Keith; Park, Larry R.

1995-01-01

An inspection rabbit for inspecting piping systems having severe bends therein. The rabbit consists of a flexible, modular body containing a miniaturized eddy current inspection probe, a self-contained power supply for proper operation of the rabbit, an outer surface that allows ease of movement through piping systems and means for transmitting data generated by the inspection device. The body is preferably made of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing or, alternatively, silicone rubber with a shrink wrapping of polytetrafluoroethylene (TEFLON.RTM.). The body is formed to contain the power supply, preferably a plurality of batteries, and a spool of communication wire that connects to a data processing computer external to the piping system.

Lunar electric power systems utilizing the SP-100 reactor coupled to dynamic conversion systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harty, Richard B.; Durand, Richard E.

1993-01-01

An integration study was performed by Rocketdyne under contract to NASA-LeRC. The study was concerned with coupling an SP-0100 reactor to either a Brayton or Stirling power conversion system. The application was for a surface power system to supply power requirements to a lunar base. A power level of 550 kWe was selected based on the NASA Space Exploration Initiative 90-day study. Reliability studies were initially performed to determine optimum power conversion redundancy. This study resulted in selecting three operating engines and one stand-by unit. Integration design studies indicated that either the Brayton or Stirling power conversion systems could be integrated with the PS-100 reactor. The Stirling system had an integration advantage because of smaller piping size and fewer components. The Stirling engine, however, is more complex and heavier than the Brayton rotating unit, which tends to off-set the Stirling integration advantage. From a performance consideration, the Brayton had a 9 percent mass advantage, and the Stirling had a 50 percent radiator advantage.

Apparatus and method for detecting leaks in piping

DOEpatents

Trapp, Donald J.

1994-01-01

A method and device for detecting the location of leaks along a wall or piping system, preferably in double-walled piping. The apparatus comprises a sniffer probe, a rigid cord such as a length of tube attached to the probe on one end and extending out of the piping with the other end, a source of pressurized air and a source of helium. The method comprises guiding the sniffer probe into the inner pipe to its distal end, purging the inner pipe with pressurized air, filling the annulus defined between the inner and outer pipe with helium, and then detecting the presence of helium within the inner pipe with the probe as is pulled back through the inner pipe. The length of the tube at the point where a leak is detected determines the location of the leak in the pipe.

46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

46 CFR 58.25-20 - Piping for steering gear.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Steering Gear § 58.25-20 Piping for steering gear. (a) Pressure piping must comply with subpart 58.30 of this part. (b) Relief valves must be fitted in any part of a hydraulic system that can be isolated and in which pressure can be generated from the power units or from external...

46 CFR 58.25-20 - Piping for steering gear.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Steering Gear § 58.25-20 Piping for steering gear. (a) Pressure piping must comply with subpart 58.30 of this part. (b) Relief valves must be fitted in any part of a hydraulic system that can be isolated and in which pressure can be generated from the power units or from external...

46 CFR 58.25-20 - Piping for steering gear.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Steering Gear § 58.25-20 Piping for steering gear. (a) Pressure piping must comply with subpart 58.30 of this part. (b) Relief valves must be fitted in any part of a hydraulic system that can be isolated and in which pressure can be generated from the power units or from external...

46 CFR 58.25-20 - Piping for steering gear.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Steering Gear § 58.25-20 Piping for steering gear. (a) Pressure piping must comply with subpart 58.30 of this part. (b) Relief valves must be fitted in any part of a hydraulic system that can be isolated and in which pressure can be generated from the power units or from external...

46 CFR 58.25-20 - Piping for steering gear.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Steering Gear § 58.25-20 Piping for steering gear. (a) Pressure piping must comply with subpart 58.30 of this part. (b) Relief valves must be fitted in any part of a hydraulic system that can be isolated and in which pressure can be generated from the power units or from external...

46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

46 CFR 76.25-10 - Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Automatic Sprinkling System, Details § 76.25-10 Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes. (a) General. (1) The system shall be so designed and arranged that the... 46 Shipping 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Size and arrangement of sprinkler heads and pipe sizes...

46 CFR 182.730 - Nonferrous metallic piping materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... protect piping systems using aluminum alloys in high risk fire areas due to the low melting point of aluminum alloys; (2) Provisions must be made to prevent or mitigate the effect of galvanic corrosion due to... compound must be used in making up threaded joints in aluminum pipe to prevent seizing. Pipe in the...

46 CFR 153.281 - Piping to independent tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping to independent tanks. 153.281 Section 153.281... Systems and Cargo Handling Equipment § 153.281 Piping to independent tanks. Piping for an independent cargo tank must penetrate the tank only through that part of the tank or dome extending above the...

46 CFR 153.281 - Piping to independent tanks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Piping to independent tanks. 153.281 Section 153.281... Systems and Cargo Handling Equipment § 153.281 Piping to independent tanks. Piping for an independent cargo tank must penetrate the tank only through that part of the tank or dome extending above the...

46 CFR 154.517 - Piping: Liquid pressure relief.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Piping: Liquid pressure relief. 154.517 Section 154.517... and Process Piping Systems § 154.517 Piping: Liquid pressure relief. The cargo loading and discharge crossover headers, cargo hoses, and cargo loading arms must have means to relieve cargo pressure and to...

46 CFR 154.517 - Piping: Liquid pressure relief.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Piping: Liquid pressure relief. 154.517 Section 154.517... and Process Piping Systems § 154.517 Piping: Liquid pressure relief. The cargo loading and discharge crossover headers, cargo hoses, and cargo loading arms must have means to relieve cargo pressure and to...

46 CFR 154.517 - Piping: Liquid pressure relief.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Piping: Liquid pressure relief. 154.517 Section 154.517... and Process Piping Systems § 154.517 Piping: Liquid pressure relief. The cargo loading and discharge crossover headers, cargo hoses, and cargo loading arms must have means to relieve cargo pressure and to...

46 CFR 154.517 - Piping: Liquid pressure relief.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Piping: Liquid pressure relief. 154.517 Section 154.517... and Process Piping Systems § 154.517 Piping: Liquid pressure relief. The cargo loading and discharge crossover headers, cargo hoses, and cargo loading arms must have means to relieve cargo pressure and to...

46 CFR 154.517 - Piping: Liquid pressure relief.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Piping: Liquid pressure relief. 154.517 Section 154.517... and Process Piping Systems § 154.517 Piping: Liquid pressure relief. The cargo loading and discharge crossover headers, cargo hoses, and cargo loading arms must have means to relieve cargo pressure and to...

46 CFR 56.90-10 - Threaded piping (modifies 135.5).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Threaded piping (modifies 135.5). 56.90-10 Section 56.90-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Assembly § 56.90-10 Threaded piping (modifies 135.5). (a) Any compound or...

View of Stand Pipe (Surge Tank) from FS 502. Looking ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of Stand Pipe (Surge Tank) from FS 502. Looking northeast - Childs-Irving Hydroelectric Project, Childs System, Stand Pipe (Surge Tank), Forest Service Road 708/502, Camp Verde, Yavapai County, AZ

Flexible pipe crawling device having articulated two axis coupling

DOEpatents

Zollinger, William T.

1994-01-01

An apparatus for moving through the linear and non-linear segments of piping systems. The apparatus comprises a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly, a mechanism for extension and retraction of the front and rear leg assembles with respect to each other, such as an air cylinder, and a pivoting joint. One end of the flexible joint attaches to the front leg assembly and the other end to the air cylinder, which is also connected to the rear leg assembly. The air cylinder allows the front and rear leg assemblies to progress through a pipe in "inchworm" fashion, while the joint provides the flexibility necessary for the pipe crawler to negotiate non-linear piping segments. The flexible connecting joint is coupled with a spring-force suspension system that urges alignment of the front and rear leg assemblies with respect to each other. The joint and suspension system cooperate to provide a firm yet flexible connection between the front and rear leg assemblies to allow the pivoting of one with respect to the other while moving around a non-linear pipe segment, but restoring proper alignment coming out of the pipe bend.

Flexible pipe crawling device having articulated two axis coupling

DOEpatents

Zollinger, W.T.

1994-05-10

An apparatus is described for moving through the linear and non-linear segments of piping systems. The apparatus comprises a front leg assembly, a rear leg assembly, a mechanism for extension and retraction of the front and rear leg assembles with respect to each other, such as an air cylinder, and a pivoting joint. One end of the flexible joint attaches to the front leg assembly and the other end to the air cylinder, which is also connected to the rear leg assembly. The air cylinder allows the front and rear leg assemblies to progress through a pipe in inchworm' fashion, while the joint provides the flexibility necessary for the pipe crawler to negotiate non-linear piping segments. The flexible connecting joint is coupled with a spring-force suspension system that urges alignment of the front and rear leg assemblies with respect to each other. The joint and suspension system cooperate to provide a firm yet flexible connection between the front and rear leg assemblies to allow the pivoting of one with respect to the other while moving around a non-linear pipe segment, but restoring proper alignment coming out of the pipe bend. 4 figures.

In-Service Monitoring of Steam Pipe Systems at High Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Cohen, Yoseph; Lih, Shyh-Shiuh; Badescu, Mircea; Bao, Xiaoqi; Sherrit, Stewart; Scott, James S.; Blosiu, Julian O.; Widholm, Scott E.

2011-01-01

An effective, in-service health monitoring system is needed to track water condensation in real time through the walls of steam pipes. The system is required to measure the height of the condensed water from outside the pipe, while operating at temperatures that are as high as 250 C. The system needs to account for the effects of water flow and cavitation. In addition, it is desired that the system does not require perforating the pipes and thereby reducing the structural integrity. Generally, steam pipes are used as part of the district heating system carrying steam from central power stations under the streets to heat, cool, or supply power to high-rise buildings and businesses. This system uses ultrasonic waves in pulse-echo and acquires reflected signal data. Via autocorrelation, it determines the water height while eliminating the effect of noise and multiple reflections from the wall of the pipe. The system performs nondestructive monitoring through the walls of steam pipes, and automatically measures the height of condensed water while operating at the high-temperature conditions of 250 C. For this purpose, the ultrasonic pulse-echo method is used where the time-of-flight of the wave reflections inside the water are measured, and it is multiplied by the wave velocity to determine the height. The pulse-echo test consists of emitting ultrasonic wave pulses from a piezoelectric transducer and receiving the reflections from the top and bottom of the condensed water. A single transducer is used as a transmitter as well as the receiver of the ultrasonic waves. To obtain high resolution, a broadband transducer is used and the frequency can be in the range of 2.25 to 10 MHz, providing sharp pulses in the time domain allowing for higher resolution in identifying the individual reflections.

46 CFR 182.715 - Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. 182.715 Section 182.715 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED... subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150 psig) in non-vital systems. Piping subject to more than 1,034 kPa (150...

Fundamental mechanisms of failure in polyethylene gas pipes. Final report, January 1, 1992-December 31, 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, N.; Lu, X.

1996-07-30

The reseach objectives were: to provide a fundamental understanding of the primary long term failure process which occurs in gas pipe systems, notably slow crack growth (SCG)s; to develop methods for the accelerated testing of the resistance of polyethylene piping systems to SCG; to obtain experimental results on current materials being used or considered for use by the gas industry; and to measure the effects on SCG of processing variables in the production of pipe and fittings and compositional variables in the production of resin.

A Lift-Off-Tolerant Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Method for Drill Pipes at Wellhead.

PubMed

Wu, Jianbo; Fang, Hui; Li, Long; Wang, Jie; Huang, Xiaoming; Kang, Yihua; Sun, Yanhua; Tang, Chaoqing

2017-01-21

To meet the great needs for MFL (magnetic flux leakage) inspection of drill pipes at wellheads, a lift-off-tolerant MFL testing method is proposed and investigated in this paper. Firstly, a Helmholtz coil magnetization method and the whole MFL testing scheme are proposed. Then, based on the magnetic field focusing effect of ferrite cores, a lift-off-tolerant MFL sensor is developed and tested. It shows high sensitivity at a lift-off distance of 5.0 mm. Further, the follow-up high repeatability MFL probing system is designed and manufactured, which was embedded with the developed sensors. It can track the swing movement of drill pipes and allow the pipe ends to pass smoothly. Finally, the developed system is employed in a drilling field for drill pipe inspection. Test results show that the proposed method can fulfill the requirements for drill pipe inspection at wellheads, which is of great importance in drill pipe safety.

Leak locating microphone, method and system for locating fluid leaks in pipes

DOEpatents

Kupperman, David S.; Spevak, Lev

1994-01-01

A leak detecting microphone inserted directly into fluid within a pipe includes a housing having a first end being inserted within the pipe and a second opposed end extending outside the pipe. A diaphragm is mounted within the first housing end and an acoustic transducer is coupled to the diaphragm for converting acoustical signals to electrical signals. A plurality of apertures are provided in the housing first end, the apertures located both above and below the diaphragm, whereby to equalize fluid pressure on either side of the diaphragm. A leak locating system and method are provided for locating fluid leaks within a pipe. A first microphone is installed within fluid in the pipe at a first selected location and sound is detected at the first location. A second microphone is installed within fluid in the pipe at a second selected location and sound is detected at the second location. A cross-correlation is identified between the detected sound at the first and second locations for identifying a leak location.

A Lift-Off-Tolerant Magnetic Flux Leakage Testing Method for Drill Pipes at Wellhead

PubMed Central

Wu, Jianbo; Fang, Hui; Li, Long; Wang, Jie; Huang, Xiaoming; Kang, Yihua; Sun, Yanhua; Tang, Chaoqing

2017-01-01

To meet the great needs for MFL (magnetic flux leakage) inspection of drill pipes at wellheads, a lift-off-tolerant MFL testing method is proposed and investigated in this paper. Firstly, a Helmholtz coil magnetization method and the whole MFL testing scheme are proposed. Then, based on the magnetic field focusing effect of ferrite cores, a lift-off-tolerant MFL sensor is developed and tested. It shows high sensitivity at a lift-off distance of 5.0 mm. Further, the follow-up high repeatability MFL probing system is designed and manufactured, which was embedded with the developed sensors. It can track the swing movement of drill pipes and allow the pipe ends to pass smoothly. Finally, the developed system is employed in a drilling field for drill pipe inspection. Test results show that the proposed method can fulfill the requirements for drill pipe inspection at wellheads, which is of great importance in drill pipe safety. PMID:28117721

Cementing a wellbore using cementing material encapsulated in a shell

DOEpatents

Aines, Roger D.; Bourcier, William L.; Duoss, Eric B.; Spadaccini, Christopher M.; Cowan, Kenneth Michael

2016-08-16

A system for cementing a wellbore penetrating an earth formation into which a pipe extends. A cement material is positioned in the space between the wellbore and the pipe by circulated capsules containing the cement material through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The capsules contain the cementing material encapsulated in a shell. The capsules are added to a fluid and the fluid with capsules is circulated through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The shell is breached once the capsules contain the cementing material are in position in the space between the wellbore and the pipe.

5. FLOW METER AND PIPING SHOWING CONNECTIONS. Hot Springs ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. FLOW METER AND PIPING SHOWING CONNECTIONS. - Hot Springs National Park Bathhouse Row, Maurice Bathhouse: Mechanical & Piping Systems, State Highway 7, 1 mile north of U.S. Highway 70, Hot Springs, Garland County, AR

Closeout Report for the Refractory Metal Accelerated Heat Pipe Life Test Activity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, J.; Reid, R.; Stewart, E.; Hickman, R.; Mireles, O.

2013-01-01

With the selection of a gas-cooled reactor, this heat pipe accelerated life test activity was closed out and its resources redirected. The scope of this project was to establish the long-term aging effects on Mo-44.5%Re sodium heat pipes when subjected to space reactor temperature and mass fluences. To date, investigators have demonstrated heat pipe life tests of alkali metal systems up to .50,000 hours. Unfortunately, resources have not been available to examine the effect of temperature, mass fluence, or impurity level on corrosion or to conduct post-test forensic examination of heat pipes. The key objective of this effort was to establish a cost/time effective method to systematically test alkali metal heat pipes with both practical and theoretical benefits. During execution of the project, a heat pipe design was established, a majority of the laboratory test equipment systems specified, and operating and test procedures developed. Procurements for the heat pipe units and all major test components were underway at the time the stop work order was issued. An extremely important outcome was the successful fabrication of an annular wick from Mo-5%Re screen (the single, most difficult component to manufacture) using a hot isostatic pressing technique. This Technical Publication (TP) includes specifics regarding the heat pipe calorimeter water-cooling system, vendor design for the radio frequency heating system, possible alternative calorimeter designs, and progress on the vanadium equilibration technique. The methods provided in this TP and preceding project documentation would serve as a good starting point to rapidly implement an accelerated life test. Relevant test data can become available within months, not years, and destructive examination of the first life test heat pipe might begin within 6 months of test initiation. Final conclusions could be drawn in less than a quarter of the mission duration for a long-lived, fission-powered, deep space probe.

A novel approach of magnetorheological abrasive fluid finishing with swirling-assisted inlet flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kheradmand, Saeid; Esmailian, Mojtaba; Fatahy, A.

Abrasive flow machining has been the pioneer of new finishing processes. Rotating workpiece and imposing a magnetic field using magnetorheological working medium are some assisting manipulations to improve surface finishing, because they can increase the forces on the workpiece surface. Similarly, swirling the inlet flow using stationary swirler vanes, as a novel idea, may also increase forces on the surface, and then raise the material removal, with a lower expense and energy consumption compared with the case of workpiece rotation. Thus, in this paper, surface roughness improvement is studied in a pipe with rotating inlet flow of a magnetorheological finishing medium under imposing a magnetic field. The results are compared with the case of rotating workpiece, using 3D numerical simulation. The governing hydrodynamic parameters are investigated in both cases to monitor the flow variations. It is shown that surface roughness is improved by rotating inlet flow. However, it is found that finishing in the entrance length of swirling-assisted inlet flow can be so economical for short length workpieces, compared with the case of rotating workpiece, with very near Ra values. By comparison of the numerical results and published experimental data, current study also shows the ability of the numerical simulation, as an inexpensive and efficient tool, to predict the surface roughness changes in finishing processes.

Apparatus and method for detecting leaks in piping

DOEpatents

Trapp, D.J.

1994-12-27

A method and device are disclosed for detecting the location of leaks along a wall or piping system, preferably in double-walled piping. The apparatus comprises a sniffer probe, a rigid cord such as a length of tube attached to the probe on one end and extending out of the piping with the other end, a source of pressurized air and a source of helium. The method comprises guiding the sniffer probe into the inner pipe to its distal end, purging the inner pipe with pressurized air, filling the annulus defined between the inner and outer pipe with helium, and then detecting the presence of helium within the inner pipe with the probe as is pulled back through the inner pipe. The length of the tube at the point where a leak is detected determines the location of the leak in the pipe. 2 figures.

77 FR 34344 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of the Antidumping...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-11

... known as standard pipes and tubes and are intended for the low-pressure conveyance of water, steam, natural gas, air, and other liquids and gases in plumbing and heating systems, air- conditioning units, automatic sprinkler systems, and other related uses. Standard pipe may also be used for light load-bearing...

46 CFR 58.30-15 - Pipe, tubing, valves, fittings, pumps, and motors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pipe, tubing, valves, fittings, pumps, and motors. 58.30-15 Section 58.30-15 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Fluid Power and Control Systems § 58.30-15 Pipe, tubing, valves, fittings, pumps, and motors. ...

Biomass Economy

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-11-01

Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code HEI Heat Exchanger Institute Heat and Material Balance c. System Description (1) Condenser... Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code "AN(SI B31.1 Power Piping d. System Description (1) Deaerator The deaerator will be d direct contact feedwater heater, and...vent, and drain piping. "b . Applicable Codes ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code "ANSI B31.1 - Power Piping Code

Detection and Characterization of Malathion Adherence to Piping Materials Used in Water Distribution Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-26

photoelectron spectroscopy was also used in an effort to detect shifts in the adsorptive spectra that appeared to be attributable to the presence of trace ... DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MALATHION ADHERENCE TO PIPING MATERIALS USED IN WATER DISTRIBUTION... DETECTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MALATHION ADHERENCE TO PIPING MATERIALS USED IN WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS THESIS Presented to the Faculty

Passive cryogenic cooling of electrooptics with a heat pipe/radiator.

PubMed

Nelson, B E; Goldstein, G A

1974-09-01

The current status of the heat pipe is discussed with particular emphasis on applications to cryogenic thermal control. The competitive nature of the passive heat pipe/radiator system is demonstrated through a comparative study with other candidate systems for a 1-yr mission. The mission involves cooling a spaceborne experiment to 100 K while it dissipates 10 W.

Epidemiology of urban water distribution systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bardet, Jean-Pierre; Little, Richard

2014-08-01

Urban water distribution systems worldwide contain numerous old and fragile pipes that inevitably break, flood streets and damage property, and disrupt economic and social activities. Such breaks often present dramatically in temporal clusters as occurred in Los Angeles during 2009. These clustered pipe breaks share many characteristics with human mortality observed during extreme climatological events such as heat waves or air pollution. Drawing from research and empirical studies in human epidemiology, a framework is introduced to analyze the time variations of disruptive pipe breaks that can help water agencies better understand clustered pipe failures and institute measures to minimize the disruptions caused by them. It is posited that at any time, a cohort of the pipes comprising the water distribution system will be in a weakened state due to fatigue and corrosion. This frail cohort becomes vulnerable during normal operations and ultimately breaks due to rapid increase in crack lengths induced by abnormal stressors. The epidemiological harvesting model developed in this paper simulates an observed time series of monthly pipe breaks and has both explanatory and predictive power. It also demonstrates that models from nonengineering disciplines such as medicine can provide improved insights into the performance of infrastructure systems.

High performance felt-metal-wick heat pipe for solar receivers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andraka, Charles E.; Moss, Timothy A.; Baturkin, Volodymyr; Zaripov, Vladlen; Nishchyk, Oleksandr

2016-05-01

Sodium heat pipes have been identified as a potentially effective heat transport approach for CSP systems that require near-isothermal input to power cycles or storage, such as dish Stirling and highly recuperated reheat-cycle supercritical CO2 turbines. Heat pipes offer high heat flux capabilities, leading to small receivers, as well as low exergetic losses through isothermal coupling with the engine. Sandia developed a felt metal wick approach in the 1990's, and demonstrated very high performance1. However, multiple durability issues arose, primarily the structural collapse of the wick at temperature over short time periods. NTUU developed several methods of improving robustness of the wick2, but the resulting wick had limited performance capabilities. For application to CSP systems, the wick structures must retain high heat pipe performance with robustness for long term operation. In this paper we present our findings in developing an optimal balance between performance and ruggedness, including operation of a laboratory-scale heat pipe for over 5500 hours so far. Application of heat pipes to dish-Stirling systems has been shown to increase performance as much as 20%3, and application to supercritical CO2 systems has been proposed.

77 FR 27428 - Certain Large Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (Over 41/2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-10

... diameter seamless pipe is used primarily for line applications such as oil, gas, or water pipeline, or utility distribution systems. Seamless pressure pipes are intended for the conveyance of water, steam... (``ASME'') code stress levels. Alloy pipes made to ASTM A-335 standard must be used if temperatures and...

76 FR 66688 - Certain Large Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line, and Pressure Pipe (Over 41/2

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-27

... diameter seamless pipe is used primarily for line applications such as oil, gas, or water pipeline, or utility distribution systems. Seamless pressure pipes are intended for the conveyance of water, steam... (``ASME'') code stress levels. Alloy pipes made to ASTM A-335 standard must be used if temperatures and...

76 FR 47555 - Certain Large Diameter Carbon and Alloy Seamless Standard, Line and Pressure Pipe From Japan...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

... diameter seamless pipe is used primarily for line applications such as oil, gas, or water pipeline, or utility distribution systems. Seamless pressure pipes are intended for the conveyance of water, steam... Engineers (``ASME'') code stress levels. Alloy pipes made to ASTM A-335 standard must be used if...

46 CFR 169.652 - Bilge piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Electrical Bilge Systems § 169.652 Bilge piping. (a) All vessels of 26 feet in length and over must be... is such that ordinary leakage can be removed this way. (b) The bilge pipe on vessels 65 feet in length and under must be not less than one inch nominal pipe size. On vessels greater than 65 but less...

46 CFR 169.652 - Bilge piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Electrical Bilge Systems § 169.652 Bilge piping. (a) All vessels of 26 feet in length and over must be... is such that ordinary leakage can be removed this way. (b) The bilge pipe on vessels 65 feet in length and under must be not less than one inch nominal pipe size. On vessels greater than 65 but less...

46 CFR 56.50-85 - Tank-vent piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of the tanks to vent pipes. (2) Tanks having a comparatively small surface, such as fuel oil settling... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Tank-vent piping. 56.50-85 Section 56.50-85 Shipping... APPURTENANCES Design Requirements Pertaining to Specific Systems § 56.50-85 Tank-vent piping. (a) This section...

Operational test report -- Project W-320 cathodic protection systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bowman, T.J.

1998-06-16

Washington Administrative Code (WAC) 173-303-640 specifies that corrosion protection must be designed into tank systems that treat or store dangerous wastes. Project W-320, Waste Retrieval Sluicing System (WRSS), utilizes underground encased waste transfer piping between tanks 241-C-106 and 241-AY-102. Corrosion protection is afforded to the encasements of the WRSS waste transfer piping through the application of earthen ionic currents onto the surface of the piping encasements. Cathodic protection is used in conjunction with the protective coatings that are applied upon the WRSS encasement piping. WRSS installed two new two rectifier systems (46 and 47) and modified one rectifier system (31).more » WAC 173-303-640 specifies that the proper operation of cathodic protection systems must be confirmed within six months after initial installation. The WRSS cathodic protection systems were energized to begin continuous operation on 5/5/98. Sixteen days after the initial steady-state start-up of the WRSS rectifier systems, the operational testing was accomplished with procedure OTP-320-006 Rev/Mod A-0. This operational test report documents the OTP-320-006 results and documents the results of configuration testing of integrated piping and rectifier systems associated with the W-320 cathodic protection systems.« less

Infrasound-array-element frequency response: in-situ measurement and modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gabrielson, T.

2011-12-01

Most array elements at the infrasound stations of the International Monitoring System use some variant of a multiple-inlet pipe system for wind-noise suppression. These pipe systems have a significant impact on the overall frequency response of the element. The spatial distribution of acoustic inlets introduces a response dependence that is a function of frequency and of vertical and horizontal arrival angle; the system of inlets, pipes, and summing junctions further shapes that response as the signal is ducted to the transducer. In-situ measurements, using a co-located reference microphone, can determine the overall frequency response and diagnose problems with the system. As of July 2011, the in-situ frequency responses for 25 individual elements at 6 operational stations (I10, I53, I55, I56, I57, and I99) have been measured. In support of these measurements, a fully thermo-viscous model for the acoustics of these multiple-inlet pipe systems has been developed. In addition to measurements at operational stations, comparative analyses have been done on experimental systems: a multiple-inlet radial-pipe system with varying inlet hole size; a one-quarter scale model of a 70-meter rosette system; and vertical directionality of a small rosette system using aircraft flyovers. [Funded by the US Army Space and Missile Defense Command

Effects of phosphate addition on biofilm bacterial communities and water quality in annular reactors equipped with stainless steel and ductile cast iron pipes.

PubMed

Jang, Hyun-Jung; Choi, Young-June; Ro, Hee-Myong; Ka, Jong-Ok

2012-02-01

The impact of orthophosphate addition on biofilm formation and water quality was studied in corrosion-resistant stainless steel (STS) pipe and corrosion-susceptible ductile cast iron (DCI) pipe using cultivation and culture-independent approaches. Sample coupons of DCI pipe and STS pipe were installed in annular reactors, which were operated for 9 months under hydraulic conditions similar to a domestic plumbing system. Addition of 5 mg/L of phosphate to the plumbing systems, under low residual chlorine conditions, promoted a more significant growth of biofilm and led to a greater rate reduction of disinfection by-products in DCI pipe than in STS pipe. While the level of THMs (trihalomethanes) increased under conditions of low biofilm concentration, the levels of HAAs (halo acetic acids) and CH (chloral hydrate) decreased in all cases in proportion to the amount of biofilm. It was also observed that chloroform, the main species of THM, was not readily decomposed biologically and decomposition was not proportional to the biofilm concentration; however, it was easily biodegraded after the addition of phosphate. Analysis of the 16S rDNA sequences of 102 biofilm isolates revealed that Proteobacteria (50%) was the most frequently detected phylum, followed by Firmicutes (10%) and Actinobacteria (2%), with 37% of the bacteria unclassified. Bradyrhizobium was the dominant genus on corroded DCI pipe, while Sphingomonas was predominant on non-corroded STS pipe. Methylobacterium and Afipia were detected only in the reactor without added phosphate. PCR-DGGE analysis showed that the diversity of species in biofilm tended to increase when phosphate was added regardless of the pipe material, indicating that phosphate addition upset the biological stability in the plumbing systems.

Study on fluid-structure interaction in liquid oxygen feeding pipe systems using finite volume method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Xin; Sun, Bing

2011-10-01

The fluid-structure interaction may occur in space launch vehicles, which would lead to bad performance of vehicles, damage equipments on vehicles, or even affect astronauts' health. In this paper, analysis on dynamic behavior of liquid oxygen (LOX) feeding pipe system in a large scale launch vehicle is performed, with the effect of fluid-structure interaction (FSI) taken into consideration. The pipe system is simplified as a planar FSI model with Poisson coupling and junction coupling. Numerical tests on pipes between the tank and the pump are solved by the finite volume method. Results show that restrictions weaken the interaction between axial and lateral vibrations. The reasonable results regarding frequencies and modes indicate that the FSI affects substantially the dynamic analysis, and thus highlight the usefulness of the proposed model. This study would provide a reference to the pipe test, as well as facilitate further studies on oscillation suppression.

Pressure pulsations in piping system excited by a centrifugal turbomachinery taking the damping characteristics into consideration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayashi, I.; Kaneko, S.

2014-02-01

Pressure pulsations excited by a centrifugal turbomachinery such as compressor, fan or pump at the blade passing frequency may cause severe noise and vibrations in piping system. Therefore, the practical evaluation method of pressure pulsations is strongly recommended. In particular, the maximum pressure amplitude under the resonant conditions should be appropriately evaluated. In this study, a one-dimensional excitation source model for a compressor or pump is introduced based on the equation of motion, so as to incorporate the non-linear damping proportional to velocity squared in the total piping system including the compressor or pump. The damping characteristics of the compressor or pump are investigated by using the semi-empirical model. It is shown that the resistance coefficient of the compressor or pump depends on the Reynolds number that is defined using the equivalent velocity of the pulsating flow. The frequency response of the pressure amplitude and the pressure distribution in the piping system can be evaluated by introducing the equivalent resistance of the compressor or pump and that of piping system. In particular, the relation of the maximum pressure amplitude in piping system to the location of the excitation source under resonant conditions can be evaluated. Finally, the reduction of the pressure pulsations by use of an orifice plate is discussed in terms of the pulsation energy loss.

Apparatus for inspecting piping

DOEpatents

Zollingger, W.T.; Appel, D.K.; Park, L.R.

1995-03-21

An inspection rabbit is described for inspecting piping systems having severe bends therein. The rabbit consists of a flexible, modular body containing a miniaturized eddy current inspection probe, a self-contained power supply for proper operation of the rabbit, an outer surface that allows ease of movement through piping systems and means for transmitting data generated by the inspection device. The body is preferably made of flexible polyvinyl chloride (PVC) tubing or, alternatively, silicone rubber with a shrink wrapping of polytetrafluoroethylene (TEFLON{trademark}). The body is formed to contain the power supply, preferably a plurality of batteries, and a spool of communication wire that connects to a data processing computer external to the piping system. 6 figures.

Promethus Hot Leg Piping Concept

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

AM Girbik; PA Dilorenzo

2006-01-24

The Naval Reactors Prime Contractor Team (NRPCT) recommended the development of a gas cooled reactor directly coupled to a Brayton energy conversion system as the Space Nuclear Power Plant (SNPP) for NASA's Project Prometheus. The section of piping between the reactor outlet and turbine inlet, designated as the hot leg piping, required unique design features to allow the use of a nickel superalloy rather than a refractory metal as the pressure boundary. The NRPCT evaluated a variety of hot leg piping concepts for performance relative to SNPP system parameters, manufacturability, material considerations, and comparison to past high temperature gas reactormore » (HTGR) practice. Manufacturability challenges and the impact of pressure drop and turbine entrance temperature reduction on cycle efficiency were discriminators between the piping concepts. This paper summarizes the NRPCT hot leg piping evaluation, presents the concept recommended, and summarizes developmental issues for the recommended concept.« less

Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power Systems (MCNSPS) conceptual design and evaluation report. Volume 1: Objectives, summary results and introduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wetch, J. R.

1988-01-01

The objective was to determine which reactor, conversion, and radiator technologies would best fulfill future Megawatt Class Nuclear Space Power System Requirements. Specifically, the requirement was 10 megawatts for 5 years of full power operation and 10 years systems life on orbit. A variety of liquid metal and gas cooled reactors, static and dynamic conversion systems, and passive and dynamic radiators were considered. Four concepts were selected for more detailed study. The concepts are: a gas cooled reactor with closed cycle Brayton turbine-alternator conversion with heat pipe and pumped tube-fin heat rejection; a lithium cooled reactor with a free piston Stirling engine-linear alternator and a pumped tube-fin radiator; a lithium cooled reactor with potassium Rankine turbine-alternator and heat pipe radiator; and a lithium cooled incore thermionic static conversion reactor with a heat pipe radiator. The systems recommended for further development to meet a 10 megawatt long life requirement are the lithium cooled reactor with the K-Rankine conversion and heat pipe radiator, and the lithium cooled incore thermionic reactor with heat pipe radiator.

Mitigating Climate Change with Ocean Pipes: Influencing Land Temperature and Hydrology and Termination Overshoot Risk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kwiatkowski, L.; Caldeira, K.; Ricke, K.

2014-12-01

With increasing risk of dangerous climate change geoengineering solutions to Earth's climate problems have attracted much attention. One proposed geoengineering approach considers the use of ocean pipes as a means to increase ocean carbon uptake and the storage of thermal energy in the deep ocean. We use a latest generation Earth System Model (ESM) to perform simulations of idealised extreme implementations of ocean pipes. In our simulations, downward transport of thermal energy by ocean pipes strongly cools the near surface atmosphere - by up to 11°C on a global mean. The ocean pipes cause net thermal energy to be transported from the terrestrial environment to the deep ocean while increasing the global net transport of water to land. By cooling the ocean surface more than the land, ocean pipes tend to promote a monsoonal-type circulation, resulting in increased water vapour transport to land. Throughout their implementation, ocean pipes prevent energy from escaping to space, increasing the amount of energy stored in Earth's climate system despite reductions in surface temperature. As a consequence, our results indicate that an abrupt termination of ocean pipes could cause dramatic increases in surface temperatures beyond that which would have been obtained had ocean pipes not been implemented.

Integrated heat pipe-thermal storage system performance evaluation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keddy, E.; Sena, J. T.; Merrigan, M.; Heidenreich, Gary

1987-01-01

An integrated thermal energy storage (TES) system, developed as a part of an organic Rankine cycle solar dynamic power system is described, and the results of the performance verification tests of this TES system are presented. The integrated system consists of potassium heat-pipe elements that incorporate TES canisters within the vapor space, along with an organic fluid heater tube used as the condenser region of the heat pipe. The heat pipe assembly was operated through the range of design conditions from the nominal design input of 4.8 kW to a maximum of 5.7 kW. The performance verification tests show that the system meets the functional requirements of absorbing the solar energy reflected by the concentrator, transporting the energy to the organic Rankine heater, providing thermal storage for the eclipse phase, and allowing uniform discharge from the thermal storage to the heater.

Rotating Stall Suppression Using Oscillatory Blowing Actuation on Blades

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-30

severe mechanical vibrations. Certainly, violent surge cannot be tolerated in an aircraft jet engine because of the danger of mechanical failure or...isolated airfoils increases the stall angle. Therefore, herein it was hypothesized that when a stall cell reaches a blade with jet actuation, the stall...Detailed view of the jet slot. Figure 2.30: Wing fences mounted on test blade (with the neighboring airfoils re- moved). (a) Attachment and pipe (b

Design and demonstration of an acoustic right-angle bend.

PubMed

Lu, Wenjia; Jia, Han; Bi, Yafeng; Yang, Yuzhen; Yang, Jun

2017-07-01

In this paper, a broadband acoustic right-angle bend device in air is designed, fabricated and experimentally characterized. Perforated panels with various hole-sizes are used to construct the bend structure. Both the simulated and experimental results verify that the acoustic beam can be rotated effectively through the acoustic bend in a wide frequency range. This model may have potential applications in some areas such as sound absorption and acoustic detection in elbow pipes.

46 CFR 153.280 - Piping system design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design and Equipment Piping Systems... carrying cargo or cargo residue may not enter any machinery space except a cargo pumproom. ...

46 CFR 153.280 - Piping system design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design and Equipment Piping Systems... carrying cargo or cargo residue may not enter any machinery space except a cargo pumproom. ...

46 CFR 153.280 - Piping system design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design and Equipment Piping Systems... carrying cargo or cargo residue may not enter any machinery space except a cargo pumproom. ...

46 CFR 153.280 - Piping system design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design and Equipment Piping Systems... carrying cargo or cargo residue may not enter any machinery space except a cargo pumproom. ...

46 CFR 153.280 - Piping system design.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... BULK LIQUID, LIQUEFIED GAS, OR COMPRESSED GAS HAZARDOUS MATERIALS Design and Equipment Piping Systems... carrying cargo or cargo residue may not enter any machinery space except a cargo pumproom. ...

Piping dynamics in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate: the Bieszczady Mts., the Eastern Carpathians

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernatek-Jakiel, Anita; Jakiel, Michał; Krzemień, Kazimierz

2017-04-01

Soil erosion is caused not only by overland flow, but also by subsurface flow. Piping which is a process of mechanical removal of soil particles by concentrated subsurface flow is frequently being overlooked and not accounted for in soil erosion studies. However, it seems that it is far more widespread than it has often been supposed. Furthermore, our knowledge about piping dynamics and its quantification currently relies on a limited number of data available for mainly loess-mantled areas and marl badlands. Therefore, this research aims to recognize piping dynamics in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate, where piping occurs in Cambisols, not previously considered as piping-prone soils. The survey was carried out in the Bereźnica Wyżna catchment (305 ha), in the Bieszczady Mts. (the Eastern Carpathians, Poland), where 188 collapsed pipes were mapped. The research was based on the monitoring of selected piping systems located within grasslands (1971-1974, 2013-2016). The development of piping systems is mainly induced by the elongation of pipes and creation of new collapses (closed depressions and sinkholes), rather than by the enlargement of existing piping forms, or the deepening of pipes. It draws attention to the role of dense vegetation (grasslands) in the delay of pipe collapses and, also, to the boundary of pipe development (soil-bedrock interface). The obtained results reveal an episodic, and even stochastic nature of piping activity, expressed by varied one-year and short-term (3 years) erosion rates, and pipe elongation. Changes in soil loss vary significantly between different years (up to 27.36 t ha-1 y-1), reaching the rate of 1.34 t ha-1 y-1 for the 45-year study period. The elongation of pipes also differs, from no changes to 36 m during one year. The results indicate that soil loss due to piping can cause high soil loss even in highly vegetated lands (grasslands), which are generally considered as areas without a significant erosion problem. The scale of piping in the study area is at least by three orders of magnitude higher than surface erosion rates (i.e. sheet and rill erosion) under a similar land use (grasslands), and it is comparable to the scale of surface soil erosion on arable lands. It means that piping is an important sediment source for fluvial systems, and it leads to significant soil loss in mid-altitude mountains under a temperate climate. This study is supported by the National Science Centre of Poland, as a part of the first author's project - PRELUDIUM 3 (DEC-2012/05/N/ST10/03926). The first author was also granted the ETIUDA 3 doctoral scholarship (UMO-2015/16/T/ST10/00505) financed by the National Science Centre of Poland.

Cementing a wellbore using cementing material encapsulated in a shell

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aines, Roger D.; Bourcier, William L.; Duoss, Eric B.

A system for cementing a wellbore penetrating an earth formation into which a pipe extends. A cement material is positioned in the space between the wellbore and the pipe by circulated capsules containing the cement material through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The capsules contain the cementing material encapsulated in a shell. The capsules are added to a fluid and the fluid with capsules is circulated through the pipe into the space between the wellbore and the pipe. The shell is breached once the capsules contain the cementing material are in position in themore » space between the wellbore and the pipe.« less

System for Cooling of Electronic Components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasil'ev, L. L.; Grakovich, L. P.; Dragun, L. A.; Zhuravlev, A. S.; Olekhnovich, V. A.; Rabetskii, M. I.

2017-01-01

Results of computational and experimental investigations of heat pipes having a predetermined thermal resistance and a system based on these pipes for air cooling of electronic components and diode assemblies of lasers are presented. An efficient compact cooling system comprising heat pipes with an evaporator having a capillary coating of a caked copper powder and a condenser having a developed outer finning, has been deviced. This system makes it possible to remove, to the ambient air, a heat flow of power more than 300 W at a temperature of 40-50°C.

Heat pipes and their use in technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vasilyev, L.

1977-01-01

Heat pipes may be employed as temperature regulators, heat diodes, transformers, storage batteries, or utilized for transforming thermal energy into mechanical, electric, or other forms of energy. General concepts were established for the analysis of the transfer process in heat pipes. A system of equations was developed to describe the thermodynamics of steam passage through a cross section of a heat pipe.

Pulse mitigation and heat transfer enhancement techniques. Volume 3: Liquid sodium heat transfer facility and transient response of sodium heat pipe to pulse forward and reverse heat load

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chow, L. C.; Hahn, O. J.; Nguyen, H. X.

1992-08-01

This report presents the description of a liquid sodium heat transfer facility (sodium loop) constructed to support the study of transient response of heat pipes. The facility, consisting of the loop itself, a safety system, and a data acquisition system, can be safely operated over a wide range of temperature and sodium flow rate. The transient response of a heat pipe to pulse heat load at the condenser section was experimentally investigated. A 0.457 m screen wick, sodium heat pipe with an outer diameter of 0.127 m was tested under different heat loading conditions. A major finding was that the heat pipe reversed under a pulse heat load applied at the condenser. The time of reversal was approximately 15 to 25 seconds. The startup of the heat pipe from frozen state was also studied. It was found that during the startup process, at least part of the heat pipe was active. The active region extended gradually down to the end of the condenser until all of the working fluid in the heat pipe was molten.

Transient Approximation of SAFE-100 Heat Pipe Operation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bragg-Sitton, Shannon M.; Reid, Robert S.

2005-01-01

Engineers at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) have designed several heat pipe cooled reactor concepts, ranging in power from 15 kWt to 800 kWt, for both surface power systems and nuclear electric propulsion systems. The Safe, Affordable Fission Engine (SAFE) is now being developed in a collaborative effort between LANL and NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (NASA/MSFC). NASA is responsible for fabrication and testing of non-nuclear, electrically heated modules in the Early Flight Fission Test Facility (EFF-TF) at MSFC. In-core heat pipes must be properly thawed as the reactor power starts. Computational models have been developed to assess the expected operation of a specific heat pipe design during start-up, steady state operation, and shutdown. While computationally intensive codes provide complete, detailed analyses of heat pipe thaw, a relatively simple. concise routine can also be applied to approximate the response of a heat pipe to changes in the evaporator heat transfer rate during start-up and power transients (e.g., modification of reactor power level) with reasonably accurate results. This paper describes a simplified model of heat pipe start-up that extends previous work and compares the results to experimental measurements for a SAFE-100 type heat pipe design.

2. PLANK WALKWAY ATOP PIPE, ALSO SHOWING OVERFLOW CONTROL BOX ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. PLANK WALKWAY ATOP PIPE, ALSO SHOWING OVERFLOW CONTROL BOX AT JUNCTION OF PIPE WITH CONCRETE CHANNEL TO FISH SCREEN. VIEW TO NORTHEAST. - Santa Ana River Hydroelectric System, Pipeline to Fish Screen, Redlands, San Bernardino County, CA

The Challenge of Providing Safe Water with an Intermittently Supplied Piped Water Distribution System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumpel, E.; Nelson, K. L.

2012-12-01

An increasing number of urban residents in low- and middle-income countries have access to piped water; however, this water is often not available continuously. 84% of reporting utilities in low-income countries provide piped water for fewer than 24 hours per day (van den Berg and Danilenko, 2010), while no major city in India has continuous piped water supply. Intermittent water supply leaves pipes vulnerable to contamination and forces households to store water or rely on alternative unsafe sources, posing a health threat to consumers. In these systems, pipes are empty for long periods of time and experience low or negative pressure even when water is being supplied, leaving them susceptible to intrusion from sewage, soil, or groundwater. Households with a non-continuous supply must collect and store water, presenting more opportunities for recontamination. Upgrading to a continuous water supply, while an obvious solution to these challenges, is currently out of reach for many resource-constrained utilities. Despite its widespread prevalence, there are few data on the mechanisms causing contamination in an intermittent supply and the frequency with which it occurs. Understanding the impact of intermittent operation on water quality can lead to strategies to improve access to safe piped water for the millions of people currently served by these systems. We collected over 100 hours of continuous measurements of pressure and physico-chemical water quality indicators and tested over 1,000 grab samples for indicator bacteria over 14 months throughout the distribution system in Hubli-Dharwad, India. This data set is used to explore and explain the mechanisms influencing water quality when piped water is provided for a few hours every 3-5 days. These data indicate that contamination occurs along the distribution system as water travels from the treatment plant to reservoirs and through intermittently supplied pipes to household storage containers, while real-time measurements document variability in water quality throughout the 2-8 hour supply period. Our results show that piped water is not always safe water, but that safe water can be achieved in an intermittent supply under certain physical and operational conditions. Intermittent piped water supply is an important constraint on access to safe water in towns and cities in low-income countries, and strategies that improve these existing systems can help urban residents gain access to safe water. References van den Berg, C., and Danilenko, A. (2010). "The IBNET Water Supply and Sanitation Performance Blue Book: The International Benchmarking Network for Water and Sanitation Utilities Databook." World Bank Washington, DC.

Installation Of Service Connections For Sensors Or Transmitters In Buried Water Pipes

DOEpatents

Burnham, Alan K.; Cooper, John F.

2006-02-21

A system for installing warning units in a buried pipeline. A small hole is drilled in the ground to the pipeline. A collar is affixed to one of the pipes of the pipeline. A valve with an internal passage is connected to the collar. A hole is drilled in the pipe. A warning unit is installed in the pipe by moving the warning unit through the internal passage, the collar, and the hole in the pipe.

Stress Indices and Flexibility Factors for 90-Degree Piping Elbows with Straight Pipe Extensions.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-02-01

Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee (March 1972). 5. The M.W. Kellogg Company , Design of Piping Systems, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York (1964...FLEXIBILITY FACTORS FOR 90-DEGREE PIPING ELBOWS WITH STRAIGHT PIPE EXTENSIONS 6. PERFORMING OrG. REPORT NUMBER = 7. AUTHOR(e S . CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(e...UNCLASSIFIED S /N 0102-LF-014-6601 SECURITY CLAUIFICAION OF THII PAGE (Sie. Det Shtee.E) SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PACE (When Does Sat* .*) (Block 20

Feasibility of Locating Leakages in Sewage Pressure Pipes Using the Distributed Temperature Sensing Technology.

PubMed

Apperl, Benjamin; Pressl, Alexander; Schulz, Karsten

2017-01-01

The cost effective maintenance of underwater pressure pipes for sewage disposal in Austria requires the detection and localization of leakages. Extrusion of wastewater in lakes can heavily influence the water and bathing quality of surrounding waters. The Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) technology is a widely used technique for oil and gas pipeline leakage detection. While in pipeline leakage detection, fiber optic cables are installed permanently at the outside or within the protective sheathing of the pipe; this paper aims at testing the feasibility of detecting leakages with temporary introduced fiber optic cable inside the pipe. The detection and localization were tested in a laboratory experiment. The intrusion of water from leakages into the pipe, producing a local temperature drop, served as indicator for leakages. Measurements were taken under varying measurement conditions, including the number of leakages as well as the positioning of the fiber optic cable. Experiments showed that leakages could be detected accurately with the proposed methodology, when measuring resolution, temperature gradient and measurement time were properly selected. Despite the successful application of DTS for leakage detection in this lab environment, challenges in real system applications may arise from temperature gradients within the pipe system over longer distances and the placement of the cable into the real pipe system.

Depriming of arterial heat pipes: An investigation of CTS thermal excursions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Antoniuk, D.; Edwards, D. K.

1980-01-01

Four thermal excursions of the Transmitter Experiment Package (TEP) were the result of the depriming of the arteries in all three heat pipes in the Variable Conductance Heat Pipe System which cooled the TEP. The determined cause of the depriming of the heat pipes was the formation of bubbles of the nitrogen/helium control gas mixture in the arteries during the thaw portion of a freeze/thaw cycle of the inactive region of the condenser section of the heat pipe. Conditions such as suction freezeout or heat pipe turn-on, which moved these bubbles into the active region of the heat pipe, contributed to the depriming mechanism. Methods for precluding, or reducing the probability of, this type of failure mechanism in future applications of arterial heat pipes are included.

Modelling the performance of the tapered artery heat pipe design for use in the radiator of the solar dynamic power system of the NASA Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, Austin Lewis

1988-01-01

The paper presents a computer program developed to model the steady-state performance of the tapered artery heat pipe for use in the radiator of the solar dynamic power system of the NASA Space Station. The program solves six governing equations to ascertain which one is limiting the maximum heat transfer rate of the heat pipe. The present model appeared to be slightly better than the LTV model in matching the 1-g data for the standard 15-ft test heat pipe.

46 CFR 154.1755 - Nitrogen.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Special Design and Operating Requirements § 154.1755 Nitrogen. Except for deck tanks and their piping systems, cargo containment systems and piping systems...

Concealed basalt-matrix diatremes with Cu-Au-Ag-(Mo)-mineralized xenoliths, Santa Cruz Porphyry Cu-(Mo) System, Pinal County, Arizona

USGS Publications Warehouse

Vikre, Peter; Graybeal, Frederick T.; Koutz, Fleetwood R.

2014-01-01

The Santa Cruz porphyry Cu-(Mo) system near Casa Grande, Arizona, includes the Sacaton mine deposits and at least five other concealed, mineralized fault blocks with an estimated minimum resource of 1.5 Gt @ 0.6% Cu. The Late Cretaceous-Paleocene system has been dismembered and rotated by Tertiary extension, partially eroded, and covered by Tertiary-Quaternary basin-fill deposits. The mine and mineralized fault blocks, which form an 11 km (~7 miles) by 1.6 km (~1 mile) NE-SW–trending alignment, represent either pieces of one large deposit, several deposits, or pieces of several deposits. The southwestern part of the known system is penetrated by three or more diatremes that consist of heterolithic breccia pipes with basalt and clastic matrices, and subannular tuff ring and maar-fill sedimentary deposits associated with vents. The tephra and maar-fill deposits, which are covered by ~485 to 910 m (~1,600–3,000 ft) of basin fill, lie on a mid-Tertiary erosion surface of Middle Proterozoic granite and Late Cretaceous porphyry, which compose most xenoliths in pipes and are the host rocks of the system. Some igneous xenoliths in the pipes contain bornite-chalcopyrite-covellite assemblages with hypogene grades >1 wt % Cu, 0.01 ounces per ton (oz/t) Au, 0.5 oz/t Ag, and small amounts of Mo (<0.01 wt %). These xenoliths were derived from mineralized rocks that have not been encountered in drill holes, and attest to additional, possibly higher-grade deposits within or subjacent to the known system.The geometry, stratigraphy, and temporal relationships of pipes and tephras, interpreted from drill hole spacing and intercepts, multigenerational breccias and matrices, reequilibrated and partially decomposed sulfide-oxide mineral assemblages, melted xenoliths, and breccia matrix compositions show that the diatremes formed in repeated stages. Initial pulses of basalt magma fractured granite, porphyry, and other crustal rocks during intrusion, transported multi-sized fragments of these rocks upward, and partially melted small fragments. Rapid decompression of magma induced catastrophic devolatilization that ruptured overlying rocks to the surface, and generated fragment-volatile suspensions that abraded conduits into near-vertical cylindrical structures. Fragments entrained in suspensions were milled and sorted, and ejected as basal surge, pyroclastic deposits, and airfall tephra that built tuff rings around vents and filled vent depressions. Comminuted m- to mm-sized fragments of wall rocks in magma and suspensions that remained in conduits solidified as heterolithic breccias. Subsequent pulses of basalt magma ascended through the same conduits, brecciated older heterolithic breccias, devolatilized, and quenched, leaving two or more generations of nested and mingled heterolithic breccias and internal zones of fluidized fragments. Tephra and maar-fill deposits from later eruptions are composed of more hydrous and oxidized minerals than earlier tephras, reflecting a higher proportion of water in transport fluid which, based on fluid inclusion populations in mineralized xenoliths, was saline water and CO2. The large vertical extent (~600 m; ~2,000 ft) of basalt matrix in pipes, near-paleosurface matrix vesiculation, and plastically deformed basalt lapilli indicates that diatreme eruptions were predominantly phreatic.Diatreme xenoliths represent crustal stratigraphy and, as in the Santa Cruz system, provide evidence of concealed mineral resources that can guide exploration drilling through cover. Vectors to the source of bornite-dominant xenoliths containing >1% Cu and significant Au and Ag could be determined by refinement of breccia pipe geometries, by reassembly of mineralized fault blocks using modal, chemical, and temporal characteristics of hydrothermal mineral assemblages and fluid inclusions, and by paleodrainage analysis.

Heat pipe cooling system with sensible heat sink

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silverstein, Calvin C.

1988-01-01

A heat pipe cooling system which employs a sensible heat sink is discussed. With this type of system, incident aerodynamic heat is transported via a heat pipe from the stagnation region to the heat sink and absorbed by raising the temperature of the heat sink material. The use of a sensible heat sink can be advantageous for situations where the total mission heat load is limited, as it is during re-entry, and a suitable radiation sink is not available.

Secondary flow vortical structures in a 180∘ elastic curved vessel with torsion under steady and pulsatile inflow conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Najjari, Mohammad Reza; Plesniak, Michael W.

2018-01-01

Secondary flow structures in a 180∘ curved pipe model of an artery are studied using particle image velocimetry. Both steady and pulsatile inflow conditions are investigated. In planar curved pipes with steady flow, multiple (two, four, six) vortices are detected. For pulsatile flow, various pairs of vortices, i.e., Dean, deformed-Dean, Lyne-type, and split-Dean, are present in the cross section of the pipe at 90∘ into the bend. The effects of nonplanar curvature (torsion) and vessel dilatation on these vortical structures are studied. Torsion distorts the symmetric secondary flows (which exist in planar curvatures) and can result in formation of more complex vortical structures. For example, the split-Dean and Lyne-type vortices with same rotation direction originating from opposite sides of the cross section tend to merge together in pulsatile flow. The vortical structures in elastic vessels with dilatation (0.61%-3.23%) are also investigated and the results are compared with rigid model results. It was found that the secondary flow structures in rigid and elastic models are similar, and hence the local compliance of the vessel does not affect the morphology of secondary flow structures.

Measuring a state of mind indicative of thriving using the Student Pharmacist Inventory of Professional Engagement (S-PIPE).

PubMed

Aronson, Benjamin D; Janke, Kristin K

2018-07-01

Professional engagement has importance to the professional of pharmacy, and in particular the growth of student pharmacists. Measurement of this construct would allow investigation of factors that may increase or decrease professional engagement. To describe the development of the Student Pharmacist Inventory of Professional Engagement (S-PIPE), assess the factor structure and convergent validity, and test for differences in professional engagement based upon demographic and background factors. Potential items for the S-PIPE were developed iteratively through inductive and deductive item-writing, 2 pilot administrations, expert review of items, and assessment of the content validity index, and cognitive interviews with students. The S-PIPE was administered to a cohort of 164 first year student pharmacists at University of Minnesota, along with items querying types and level of involvement in professional experiences and activities. An exploratory factor analysis was conducted using principal axis factoring extraction and Promax rotation. The number of factors to retain was based upon eigenvalues, examination of the scree plot, and a parallel analysis. Factors of the S-PIPE were compared to self-rated level of involvement and other demographic factors. Three factors were retained accounting for 70.7% of the variance, and named Belonging (α = 0.942, 9 items), Connectedness (α = 0.864, 3 items), and Meaningful Experience (α = 0.760, 4 items). All 3 factors were significantly correlated to self-rated involvement (r = 0.291 to 0.370). Level of professional engagement differed in this study by gender, and pharmacy work experience. This study lays the foundation for quantitative research in professional engagement among student pharmacists. Future work is needed to further validate and extend these findings. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Release of drinking water contaminants and odor impacts caused by green building cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plumbing systems.

PubMed

Kelley, Keven M; Stenson, Alexandra C; Dey, Rajarashi; Whelton, Andrew J

2014-12-15

Green buildings are increasingly being plumbed with crosslinked polyethylene (PEX) potable water pipe. Tap water quality was investigated at a six month old plumbing system and chemical and odor quality impacts of six PEX pipe brands were examined. Eleven PEX related contaminants were found in the plumbing system; one regulated (toluene) and several unregulated: Antioxidant degradation products, resin solvents, initiator degradation products, or manufacturing aides. Water chemical and odor quality was monitored for new PEX-a, -b and -c pipes with (2 mg/L free chlorine) and without disinfectant over 30 days. Odor and total organic carbon (TOC) levels decreased for all pipes, but odor remained greater than the USA's Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) secondary maximum contaminant level. Odors were not attributed to known odorants ethyl-tert-butyl ether (ETBE) or methyl-tert-butyl ether (MTBE). Free chlorine caused odor levels for PEX-a1 pipe to increase from 26 to 75 threshold odor number (TON) on day 3 and affected the rate at which TOC changed for each brand over 30 days. As TOC decreased, the ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm increased. Pipes consumed as much as 0.5 mg/L as Cl2 during each 3 day stagnation period. Sixteen organic chemicals were identified, including toluene, pyridine, methylene trichloroacetate and 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol. Some were also detected during the plumbing system field investigation. Six brands of PEX pipes sold in the USA and a PEX-a green building plumbing system impacted chemical and drinking water odor quality. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The influences of soil and nearby structures on dispersion characteristics of wave propagating along buried plastic pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shuyong; Jiang, J.; Parr, Nicola

2016-09-01

Water loss in distribution systems is a global problem for the water industry and governments. According to the international water supply association (IWSA), as a result of leaks from distribution pipes, 20% to 30% of water is lost while in transit from treatment plants to consumers. Although governments have tried to push the water industry to reduce the water leaks, a lot of experts have pointed out that a wide use of plastic pipes instead of metal pipes in recent years has caused difficulties in the detection of leaks using current acoustic technology. Leaks from plastic pipes are much quieter than traditional metal pipes and comparing to metal pipes the plastic pipes have very different coupling characteristics with soil, water and surrounding structures, such as other pipes, road surface and building foundations. The dispersion characteristics of wave propagating along buried plastic pipes are investigated in this paper using finite element and boundary element based models. Both empty and water- filled pipes were considered. Influences from nearby pipes and building foundations were carefully studied. The results showed that soil condition and nearby structures have significant influences on the dispersion characteristics of wave propagating along buried plastic pipes.

Sonic limitations and startup problems of heat pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Deverall, J. E.; Kemme, J. E.; Florschuetz, L. W.

1972-01-01

Introduction of small amounts of inert, noncombustible gas aids startup in certain types of heat pipes. When the heat pipe is closely coupled to the heat sink, the startup system must be designed to bring the heat sink on-line slowly.

Bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along pipe wall in chlorinated drinking water distribution system of East China.

PubMed

Liu, Jingqing; Ren, Hongxing; Ye, Xianbei; Wang, Wei; Liu, Yan; Lou, Liping; Cheng, Dongqing; He, Xiaofang; Zhou, Xiaoyan; Qiu, Shangde; Fu, Liusong; Hu, Baolan

2017-01-01

Biofilms in the pipe wall may lead to water quality deterioration and biological instability in drinking water distribution systems (DWDSs). In this study, bacterial community radial-spatial distribution in biofilms along the pipe wall in a chlorinated DWDS of East China was investigated. Three pipes of large diameter (300, 600, and 600 mm) were sampled in this DWDS, including a ductile cast iron pipe (DCIP) with pipe age of 11 years and two gray cast iron pipes (GCIP) with pipe ages of 17 and 19 years, and biofilms in the upper, middle, and lower parts of each pipe wall were collected. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and culture-based method were used to quantify bacteria. 454 pyrosequencing was used for bacterial community analysis. The results showed that the biofilm density and total solid (TS) and volatile solid (VS) contents increased gradually from the top to the bottom along the pipe wall. Microorganisms were concentrated in the upper and lower parts of the pipe wall, together accounting for more than 80 % of the total biomass in the biofilms. The bacterial communities in biofilms were significantly different in different areas of the pipe wall and had no strong interaction. Compared with the upper and lower parts of the pipe wall, the bacterial community in the middle of the pipe wall was distributed evenly and had the highest diversity. The 16S rRNA genes of various possible pathogens, including Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Salmonella enterica, were detected in the biofilms, and the abundances of these possible pathogens were highest in the middle of the pipe wall among three areas. The detachment of the biofilms is the main reason for the deterioration of the water quality in DWDSs. The results of this study suggest that the biofilms in the middle of the pipe wall have highly potential risk for drinking water safety, which provides new ideas for the study of the microbial ecology in DWDS.

Detail exterior view looking north showing piping system adjacent to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail exterior view looking north showing piping system adjacent to engine house. Gas cooling system is on far right. - Burnsville Natural Gas Pumping Station, Saratoga Avenue between Little Kanawha River & C&O Railroad line, Burnsville, Braxton County, WV

Heat Rejection Systems Utilizing Composites and Heat Pipes: Design and Performance Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jaworske, Donald A.; Beach, Duane E.; Sanzi, James L.

2007-01-01

Polymer matrix composites offer the promise of reducing the mass and increasing the performance of future heat rejection systems. With lifetimes for heat rejection systems reaching a decade or more in a micrometeoroid environment, use of multiple heat pipes for fault tolerant design is compelling. The combination of polymer matrix composites and heat pipes is of particular interest for heat rejection systems operating on the lunar surface. A technology development effort is under way to study the performance of two radiator demonstration units manufactured with different polymer matrix composite face sheet resin and bonding adhesives, along with different titanium-water heat pipe designs. Common to the two radiator demonstration units is the use of high thermal conductivity fibers in the face sheets and high thermal conductivity graphite saddles within a light weight aluminum honeycomb core. Testing of the radiator demonstration units included thermal vacuum exposure and thermal vacuum exposure with a simulated heat pipe failure. Steady state performance data were obtained at different operating temperatures to identify heat transfer and thermal resistance characteristics. Heat pipe failure was simulated by removing the input power from an individual heat pipe in order to identify the diminished performance characteristics of the entire panel after a micrometeoroid strike. Freeze-thaw performance was also of interest. This paper presents a summary of the two radiator demonstration units manufactured to support this technology development effort along with the thermal performance characteristics obtained to date. Future work will also be discussed.

Fabrication of cylindrical micro-parts using synchronous rotary scan-projection lithography and chemical etching

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ito, Kaiki; Suzuki, Yuta; Horiuchi, Toshiyuki

2017-07-01

Lithographical patterning on the surface of a fine pipe with a thin wall is required for fabricating three-dimensional micro-parts. For this reason, a new exposure system for printing patterns on a cylindrical pipe by synchronous rotary scan-projection exposure was developed. Using the exposure system, stent-like resist patterns with a width of 251 μm were printed on a surface of stainless-steel pipe with an outer diameter of 2 mm. The exposure time was 30 s. Next, the patterned pipe was chemically etched. As a result, a stent-like mesh pipe with a line width of 230 μm was fabricated. It was demonstrated that the new method had a potential to be applied to fabrications of stent and other cylindrical micro-parts.

46 CFR 95.16-60 - System piping installation testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fixed Clean Agent Gas Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.16-60 System piping installation testing. (a) Halocarbon systems. A pressure test using the extinguishing agent, air... installation and before extinguishing agent cylinders are connected. (1) Except as otherwise specified in this...

46 CFR 95.16-60 - System piping installation testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fixed Clean Agent Gas Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.16-60 System piping installation testing. (a) Halocarbon systems. A pressure test using the extinguishing agent, air... installation and before extinguishing agent cylinders are connected. (1) Except as otherwise specified in this...

46 CFR 95.16-60 - System piping installation testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... VESSELS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fixed Clean Agent Gas Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.16-60 System piping installation testing. (a) Halocarbon systems. A pressure test using the extinguishing agent, air... installation and before extinguishing agent cylinders are connected. (1) Except as otherwise specified in this...

46 CFR 58.60-7 - Industrial systems: Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Industrial systems: Piping. 58.60-7 Section 58.60-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Industrial Systems and Components on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU...

46 CFR 58.60-7 - Industrial systems: Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Industrial systems: Piping. 58.60-7 Section 58.60-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Industrial Systems and Components on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU...

46 CFR 58.60-7 - Industrial systems: Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Industrial systems: Piping. 58.60-7 Section 58.60-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Industrial Systems and Components on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU...

46 CFR 58.60-7 - Industrial systems: Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Industrial systems: Piping. 58.60-7 Section 58.60-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Industrial Systems and Components on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU...

46 CFR 58.60-7 - Industrial systems: Piping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Industrial systems: Piping. 58.60-7 Section 58.60-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Industrial Systems and Components on Mobile Offshore Drilling Units (MODU...

Alkali Metal Heat Pipe Life Issues

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reid, Robert S.

2004-01-01

One approach to space fission power system design is predicated on the use of alkali metal heat pipes, either as radiator elements, thermal management components, or as part of the core primary heat-transfer system. This synopsis characterizes long-life core heat pipes. References are included where more detailed information can be found. Specifics shown here are for demonstrational purposes and do not necessarily reflect current Project Prometheus point designs.

Heat Pipes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1990-01-01

Bobs Candies, Inc. produces some 24 million pounds of candy a year, much of it 'Christmas candy.' To meet Christmas demand, it must produce year-round. Thousands of cases of candy must be stored a good part of the year in two huge warehouses. The candy is very sensitive to temperature. The warehouses must be maintained at temperatures of 78-80 degrees Fahrenheit with relative humidities of 38- 42 percent. Such precise climate control of enormous buildings can be very expensive. In 1985, energy costs for the single warehouse ran to more than 57,000 for the year. NASA and the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) were adapting heat pipe technology to control humidity in building environments. The heat pipes handle the jobs of precooling and reheating without using energy. The company contacted a FSEC systems engineer and from that contact eventually emerged a cooperative test project to install a heat pipe system at Bobs' warehouses, operate it for a period of time to determine accurately the cost benefits, and gather data applicable to development of future heat pipe systems. Installation was completed in mid-1987 and data collection is still in progress. In 1989, total energy cost for two warehouses, with the heat pipes complementing the air conditioning system was 28,706, and that figures out to a cost reduction.

Heat Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Bobs Candies, Inc. produces some 24 million pounds of candy a year, much of it 'Christmas candy.' To meet Christmas demand, it must produce year-round. Thousands of cases of candy must be stored a good part of the year in two huge warehouses. The candy is very sensitive to temperature. The warehouses must be maintained at temperatures of 78-80 degrees Fahrenheit with relative humidities of 38- 42 percent. Such precise climate control of enormous buildings can be very expensive. In 1985, energy costs for the single warehouse ran to more than $57,000 for the year. NASA and the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) were adapting heat pipe technology to control humidity in building environments. The heat pipes handle the jobs of precooling and reheating without using energy. The company contacted a FSEC systems engineer and from that contact eventually emerged a cooperative test project to install a heat pipe system at Bobs' warehouses, operate it for a period of time to determine accurately the cost benefits, and gather data applicable to development of future heat pipe systems. Installation was completed in mid-1987 and data collection is still in progress. In 1989, total energy cost for two warehouses, with the heat pipes complementing the air conditioning system was $28,706, and that figures out to a cost reduction.

Characteristics of iron corrosion scales and water quality variations in drinking water distribution systems of different pipe materials.

PubMed

Li, Manjie; Liu, Zhaowei; Chen, Yongcan; Hai, Yang

2016-12-01

Interaction between old, corroded iron pipe surfaces and bulk water is crucial to the water quality protection in drinking water distribution systems (WDS). Iron released from corrosion products will deteriorate water quality and lead to red water. This study attempted to understand the effects of pipe materials on corrosion scale characteristics and water quality variations in WDS. A more than 20-year-old hybrid pipe section assembled of unlined cast iron pipe (UCIP) and galvanized iron pipe (GIP) was selected to investigate physico-chemical characteristics of corrosion scales and their effects on water quality variations. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze micromorphology and chemical composition of corrosion scales. In bench testing, water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), alkalinity, conductivity, turbidity, color, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ , were determined. Scale analysis and bench-scale testing results demonstrated a significant effect of pipe materials on scale characteristics and thereby water quality variations in WDS. Characteristics of corrosion scales sampled from different pipe segments show obvious differences, both in physical and chemical aspects. Corrosion scales were found highly amorphous. Thanks to the protection of zinc coatings, GIP system was identified as the best water quality stability, in spite of high zinc release potential. It is deduced that the complicated composition of corrosion scales and structural break by the weld result in the diminished water quality stability in HP system. Measurement results showed that iron is released mainly in ferric particulate form. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Terahertz inline wall thickness monitoring system for plastic pipe extrusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hauck, J.; Stich, D.; Heidemeyer, P.; Bastian, M.; Hochrein, T.

2014-05-01

Conventional and commercially available inline wall thickness monitoring systems for pipe extrusion are usually based on ultrasonic or x-ray technology. Disadvantages of ultrasonic systems are the usual need of water as a coupling media and the high damping in thick walled or foamed pipes. For x-ray systems special safety requirements have to be taken into account because of the ionizing radiation. The terahertz (THz) technology offers a novel approach to solve these problems. THz waves have many properties which are suitable for the non-destructive testing of plastics. The absorption of electrical isolators is typically very low and the radiation is non-ionizing in comparison to x-rays. Through the electromagnetic origin of the THz waves they can be used for contact free measurements. Foams show a much lower absorption in contrast to acoustic waves. The developed system uses THz pulses which are generated by stimulating photoconductive switches with femtosecond laser pulses. The time of flight of THz pulses can be determined with a resolution in the magnitude of several ten femtoseconds. Hence the thickness of an object like plastic pipes can be determined with a high accuracy by measuring the time delay between two reflections on materials interfaces e.g. at the pipe's inner and outer surface, similar to the ultrasonic technique. Knowing the refractive index of the sample the absolute layer thickness from the transit time difference can be calculated easily. This method in principle also allows the measurement of multilayer systems and the characterization of foamed pipes.

Magnetic detection of underground pipe using timed-release marking droplets

DOEpatents

Powell, J.R.; Reich, M.

1996-12-17

A system and method are disclosed of detecting an underground pipe by injecting magnetic marking droplets into the underground pipe which coat the inside of the pipe and may be detected from aboveground by a magnetometer. The droplets include a non-adhesive cover which allows free flow through the pipe, with the cover being ablatable for the timed-release of a central core containing magnetic particles which adhere to the inside of the pipe and are detectable from aboveground. The rate of ablation of the droplet covers is selectively variable to control a free flowing incubation zone for the droplets and a subsequent deposition zone in which the magnetic particles are released for coating the pipe. 6 figs.

46 CFR 154.910 - Inert gas piping: Location.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and Equipment Atmospheric Control in Cargo Containment Systems § 154.910 Inert gas piping: Location. Inert gas piping must not pass through or terminate in an accommodation, service, or control space. ...

GPM Avionics Module Heat Pipes Design and Performance Test Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ottenstein, Laura; DeChristopher, Mike

2011-01-01

The Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) mission is an international network of satellites that provide the next-generation global observations of rain and snow. The GPM core satellite carries an advanced radar / radiometer system to measure precipitation from space and serve as a reference standard to unify precipitation measurements from a constellation of research and operational satellites. Through improved measurements of precipitation globally, the GPM mission will help to advance our understanding of Earth's water and energy cycle, improve forecasting of extreme events that cause natural hazards and disasters, and extend current capabilities in using accurate and timely information of precipitation to directly benefit society. The avionics module on the core satellite contains a number of electronics boxes which are cooled by a network of aluminum/ammonia heat pipes and a honeycomb radiator which contains thirteen embedded aluminum/ammonia heat pipes. All heat pipes were individually tested by the vendor (Advanced Cooling Technologies, Inc.) prior to delivery. Following delivery to NASA, the flight avionics radiator and the flight spare transport heat pipes were mounted to flight-like test structure and a system level thermal vacuum test was performed. This test, which used simulators in place of all electronics boxes, was done to verify the operation of the thermal control system as a whole. This presentation will discuss the design of the avionics module heat pipes, and then discuss performance tests results for the individual heat pipes prior to delivery and for the system level thermal vacuum test. All heat pipes met their performance requirements. However, it was found that the power was too low in some instances to start all of the smaller radiator spreader heat pipes when they were tested in a reflux configuration (which is the nominal test configuration). Although this lowered the efficiency of the radiator somewhat, it did not impact the operating temperatures of the electronics boxes.

Tracking 3-D body motion for docking and robot control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Donath, M.; Sorensen, B.; Yang, G. B.; Starr, R.

1987-01-01

An advanced method of tracking three-dimensional motion of bodies has been developed. This system has the potential to dynamically characterize machine and other structural motion, even in the presence of structural flexibility, thus facilitating closed loop structural motion control. The system's operation is based on the concept that the intersection of three planes defines a point. Three rotating planes of laser light, fixed and moving photovoltaic diode targets, and a pipe-lined architecture of analog and digital electronics are used to locate multiple targets whose number is only limited by available computer memory. Data collection rates are a function of the laser scan rotation speed and are currently selectable up to 480 Hz. The tested performance on a preliminary prototype designed for 0.1 in accuracy (for tracking human motion) at a 480 Hz data rate includes a worst case resolution of 0.8 mm (0.03 inches), a repeatability of plus or minus 0.635 mm (plus or minus 0.025 inches), and an absolute accuracy of plus or minus 2.0 mm (plus or minus 0.08 inches) within an eight cubic meter volume with all results applicable at the 95 percent level of confidence along each coordinate region. The full six degrees of freedom of a body can be computed by attaching three or more target detectors to the body of interest.

An experimental study of heat pipe thermal management system with wet cooling method for lithium ion batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Rui; Gu, Junjie; Liu, Jie

2015-01-01

An effective battery thermal management (BTM) system is required for lithium-ion batteries to ensure a desirable operating temperature range with minimal temperature gradient, and thus to guarantee their high efficiency, long lifetime and great safety. In this paper, a heat pipe and wet cooling combined BTM system is developed to handle the thermal surge of lithium-ion batteries during high rate operations. The proposed BTM system relies on ultra-thin heat pipes which can efficiently transfer the heat from the battery sides to the cooling ends where the water evaporation process can rapidly dissipate the heat. Two sized battery packs, 3 Ah and 8 Ah, with different lengths of cooling ends are used and tested through a series high-intensity discharges in this study to examine the cooling effects of the combined BTM system, and its performance is compared with other four types of heat pipe involved BTM systems and natural convection cooling method. A combination of natural convection, fan cooling and wet cooling methods is also introduced to the heat pipe BTM system, which is able to control the temperature of battery pack in an appropriate temperature range with the minimum cost of energy and water spray.

Mixing at double-Tee junctions with unequal pipe sizes in ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Pipe flow mixing with various solute concentrations and flow rates at pipe junctions is investigated. The degree of mixing affects the spread of contaminants in a water distribution system. Many studies have been conducted on the mixing at the cross junctions. Yet a few have focused on double-Tee junctions of unequal pipe sizes. To investigate the solute mixing at double-Tee junctions with unequal pipe sizes, a series of experiments were conducted in a turbulent regime (Re=12500–50000) with different Reynolds number ratios and connecting pipe lengths. It is shown that dimensionless outlet concentrations depended on mixing mechanism at the impinging interface of junctions. Junction with a larger pipe size ratio is associated with more complete mixing. The inlet Reynolds number ratio affects mixing more strongly than the outlet Reynolds number ratio. Furthermore, the dimensionless connecting pipe length in a double-Tee played an important and complicated role in the flow mixing. Based on these results, two-dimensional isopleth maps were developed for the calculation of normalized north outlet concentration. This journal article is to communicate the research results on pipe juncture mixing, a widespread and important phenomena in distribution system water quality analysis. The research outcome improves EPANET modeling capability for safe water supplies. In addition, the research is one of the outputs from the EPA-MOST bilateral cooperative research Project #1

Do estrogenic compounds in drinking water migrating from plastic pipe distribution system pose adverse effects to human? An analysis of scientific literature.

PubMed

Liu, Ze-Hua; Yin, Hua; Dang, Zhi

2017-01-01

With the widespread application of plastic pipes in drinking water distribution system, the effects of various leachable organic chemicals have been investigated and their occurrence in drinking water supplies is monitored. Most studies focus on the odor problems these substances may cause. This study investigates the potential endocrine disrupting effects of the migrating compound 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol (2,4-d-t-BP). The summarized results show that the migration of 2,4-d-t-BP from plastic pipes could result in chronic exposure and the migration levels varied greatly among different plastic pipe materials and manufacturing brands. Based on estrogen equivalent (EEQ), the migrating levels of the leachable compound 2,4-d-t-BP in most plastic pipes were relative low. However, the EEQ levels in drinking water migrating from four out of 15 pipes may pose significant adverse effects. With the increasingly strict requirements on regulation of drinking water quality, these results indicate that some drinking water transported with plastic pipes may not be safe for human consumption due to the occurrence of 2,4-d-t-BP. Moreover, 2,4-d-t-BP is not the only plastic pipe-migrating estrogenic compound, other compounds such as 2-tert-butylphenol (2-t-BP), 4-tert-butylphenol (4-t-BP), and others may also be leachable from plastic pipes.

The impact analysis of the connecting pipe length and diameter on the operation of a piston hybrid power machine of positive displacement with gas suction capacity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shcherba, V. E.; Grigoriev, A. V.; Averyanov, G. S.; Surikov, V. I.; Vedruchenko, V. P.; Galdin, N. S.; Trukhanova, D. A.

2017-08-01

The article analyzes the impact of the connecting liquid pipe length and diameter on consumables and power characteristics of the piston hybrid power machine with gas suction capacity. The following operating characteristics of the machine were constructed and analyzed: the average height of the liquid column in the jacket space; instantaneous velocity and height of the liquid column in the jacket space; the relative height of the liquid column in the jacket space; volumetric efficiency; indicator isothermal efficiency; flowrate in the pump section; relative pressure losses during suction; relative flowrate. The dependence of the instantaneous pressure in the work space and the suction space of the compressor section on the rotation angle of the crankshaft is determined for different values of the length and diameter of the connecting pipeline.

Calculation of wakefields in 2D rectangular structures

DOE PAGES

Zagorodnov, I.; Bane, K. L. F.; Stupakov, G.

2015-10-19

We consider the calculation of electromagnetic fields generated by an electron bunch passing through a vacuum chamber structure that, in general, consists of an entry pipe, followed by some kind of transition or cavity, and ending in an exit pipe. We limit our study to structures having rectangular cross section, where the height can vary as function of longitudinal coordinate but the width and side walls remain fixed. For such structures, we derive a Fourier representation of the wake potentials through one-dimensional functions. A new numerical approach for calculating the wakes in such structures is proposed and implemented in themore » computer code echo(2d). The computation resource requirements for this approach are moderate and comparable to those for finding the wakes in 2D rotationally symmetric structures. Finally, we present numerical examples obtained with the new numerical code.« less

Coliform non-compliance nightmares in water-supply distribution systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geldreich, E.E.

1988-01-01

Coliform occurrences in distribution systems have created a great concern for both utilities and water authorities because of the implied public-health implications and failure to meet Federal regulations. Many of the known cases involve systems in the east and midwest. The common denominator being systems that have significant amounts of pipe networks over 75 years old and all are treating surface waters. Origins for these contamination events can be found in source-water fluctuations, failures in treatment-barrier protection, or loss of pipe-network integrity. Once passage into the distribution network has been achieved, some of the coliforms (Klebsiella, Enterobacter, Citrobacter) and othermore » heterotrophic bacteria adapt to the pipe environment, finding protection and nutrient support in pipe sediments. Under conditions of seasonal warm waters (10 degC) and availability of assimilable organics in the pipe sediments and tubercles, colonization grows into biofilms that may slough-off into the water supply, creating a coliform non-compliance problem. Significance of these occurrences and control measures are part of a realistic action plan presented for guidance.« less

The stationary flow in a heterogeneous compliant vessel network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Filoche, Marcel; Florens, Magali

2011-09-01

We introduce a mathematical model of the hydrodynamic transport into systems consisting in a network of connected flexible pipes. In each pipe of the network, the flow is assumed to be steady and one-dimensional. The fluid-structure interaction is described through tube laws which relate the pipe diameter to the pressure difference across the pipe wall. We show that the resulting one-dimensional differential equation describing the flow in the pipe can be exactly integrated if one is able to estimate averages of the Reynolds number along the pipe. The differential equation is then transformed into a non linear scalar equation relating pressures at both ends of the pipe and the flow rate in the pipe. These equations are coupled throughout the network with mass conservation equations for the flow and zero pressure losses at the branching points of the network. This allows us to derive a general model for the computation of the flow into very large inhomogeneous networks consisting of several thousands of flexible pipes. This model is then applied to perform numerical simulations of the human lung airway system at exhalation. The topology of the system and the tube laws are taken from morphometric and physiological data in the literature. We find good qualitative and quantitative agreement between the simulation results and flow-volume loops measured in real patients. In particular, expiratory flow limitation which is an essential characteristic of forced expiration is found to be well reproduced by our simulations. Finally, a mathematical model of a pathology (Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease) is introduced which allows us to quantitatively assess the influence of a moderate or severe alteration of the airway compliances.

A novel radial anode layer ion source for inner wall pipe coating and materials modification--hydrogenated diamond-like carbon coatings from butane gas.

PubMed

Murmu, Peter P; Markwitz, Andreas; Suschke, Konrad; Futter, John

2014-08-01

We report a new ion source development for inner wall pipe coating and materials modification. The ion source deposits coatings simultaneously in a 360° radial geometry and can be used to coat inner walls of pipelines by simply moving the ion source in the pipe. Rotating parts are not required, making the source ideal for rough environments and minimizing maintenance and replacements of parts. First results are reported for diamond-like carbon (DLC) coatings on Si and stainless steel substrates deposited using a novel 360° ion source design. The ion source operates with permanent magnets and uses a single power supply for the anode voltage and ion acceleration up to 10 kV. Butane (C4H10) gas is used to coat the inner wall of pipes with smooth and homogeneous DLC coatings with thicknesses up to 5 μm in a short time using a deposition rate of 70 ± 10 nm min(-1). Rutherford backscattering spectrometry results showed that DLC coatings contain hydrogen up to 30 ± 3% indicating deposition of hydrogenated DLC (a-C:H) coatings. Coatings with good adhesion are achieved when using a multiple energy implantation regime. Raman spectroscopy results suggest slightly larger disordered DLC layers when using low ion energy, indicating higher sp(3) bonds in DLC coatings. The results show that commercially interesting coatings can be achieved in short time.

12. Exterior view, showing tank and piping associated with Test ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Exterior view, showing tank and piping associated with Test Cell 7, Systems Integration Laboratory Building (T-28), looking west. - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Systems Integration Laboratory Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

Numerical and experimental design of coaxial shallow geothermal energy systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raghavan, Niranjan

Geothermal Energy has emerged as one of the front runners in the energy race because of its performance efficiency, abundance and production competitiveness. Today, geothermal energy is used in many regions of the world as a sustainable solution for decreasing dependence on fossil fuels and reducing health hazards. However, projects related to geothermal energy have not received their deserved recognition due to lack of computational tools associated with them and economic misconceptions related to their installation and functioning. This research focuses on numerical and experimental system design analysis of vertical shallow geothermal energy systems. The driving force is the temperature difference between a finite depth beneath the earth and its surface stimulates continuous exchange of thermal energy from sub-surface to the surface (a geothermal gradient is set up). This heat gradient is captured by the circulating refrigerant and thus, tapping the geothermal energy from shallow depths. Traditionally, U-bend systems, which consist of two one-inch pipes with a U-bend connector at the bottom, have been widely used in geothermal applications. Alternative systems include coaxial pipes (pipe-in-pipe) that are the main focus of this research. It has been studied that coaxial pipes have significantly higher thermal performance characteristics than U-bend pipes, with comparative production and installation costs. This makes them a viable design upgrade to the traditional piping systems. Analytical and numerical heat transfer analysis of the coaxial system is carried out with the help of ABAQUS software. It is tested by varying independent parameters such as materials, soil conditions and effect of thermal contact conductance on heat transfer characteristics. With the above information, this research aims at formulating a preliminary theoretical design setup for an experimental study to quantify and compare the heat transfer characteristics of U-bend and coaxial geothermal piping systems. Based on the simulations and experiments, the effect of parameters on the overall operating costs is studied. Finally, with the results obtained, the economics and return on investment behind coaxial geothermal energy systems are discussed. Government policies on renewable energy are explained, highlighting the energy incentives associated with geothermal energy in the United States. The findings of this research provides a platform for further shallow geothermal energy system studies with an immense potential to revolutionize the energy industry in the future.

24 CFR 3280.609 - Water distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Water distribution systems. 3280....609 Water distribution systems. (a) Water supply—(1) Supply piping. Piping systems shall be sized to provide an adequate quantity of water to each plumbing fixture at a flow rate sufficient to keep the...

24 CFR 3280.609 - Water distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Water distribution systems. 3280....609 Water distribution systems. (a) Water supply—(1) Supply piping. Piping systems shall be sized to provide an adequate quantity of water to each plumbing fixture at a flow rate sufficient to keep the...

24 CFR 3280.609 - Water distribution systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Water distribution systems. 3280....609 Water distribution systems. (a) Water supply—(1) Supply piping. Piping systems shall be sized to provide an adequate quantity of water to each plumbing fixture at a flow rate sufficient to keep the...

Shock wave absorber having a deformable liner

DOEpatents

Youngdahl, C.K.; Wiedermann, A.H.; Shin, Y.W.; Kot, C.A.; Ockert, C.E.

1983-08-26

This invention discloses a shock wave absorber for a piping system carrying liquid. The absorber has a plastically deformable liner defining the normal flow boundary for an axial segment of the piping system, and a nondeformable housing is spaced outwardly from the liner so as to define a gas-tight space therebetween. The flow capacity of the liner generally corresponds to the flow capacity of the piping system line, but the liner has a noncircular cross section and extends axially of the piping system line a distance between one and twenty times the diameter thereof. Gas pressurizes the gas-tight space equal to the normal liquid pressure in the piping system. The liner has sufficient structural capacity to withstand between one and one-half and two times this normal liquid pressures; but at greater pressures it begins to plastically deform initially with respect to shape to a more circular cross section, and then with respect to material extension by circumferentially stretching the wall of the liner. A high energy shock wave passing through the liner thus plastically deforms the liner radially into the gas space and progressively also as needed in the axial direction of the shock wave to minimize transmission of the shock wave beyond the absorber.

Introduction to Heat Pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ku, Jentung

2015-01-01

This is the presentation file for the short course Introduction to Heat Pipes, to be conducted at the 2015 Thermal Fluids and Analysis Workshop, August 3-7, 2015, Silver Spring, Maryland. NCTS 21070-15. Course Description: This course will present operating principles of the heat pipe with emphases on the underlying physical processes and requirements of pressure and energy balance. Performance characterizations and design considerations of the heat pipe will be highlighted. Guidelines for thermal engineers in the selection of heat pipes as part of the spacecraft thermal control system, testing methodology, and analytical modeling will also be discussed.

ERTS-C (Landsat 3) cryogenic heat pipe experiment definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brennan, P. J.; Kroliczek, E. J.

1975-01-01

A flight experiment designed to demonstrate current cryogenic heat pipe technology was defined and evaluated. The experiment package developed is specifically configured for flight aboard an ERTS type spacecraft. Two types of heat pipes were included as part of the experiment package: a transporter heat pipe and a thermal diode heat pipe. Each was tested in various operating modes. Performance data obtained from the experiment are applicable to the design of cryogenic systems for detector cooling, including applications where periodic high cooler temperatures are experienced as a result of cyclic energy inputs.

Investigation of micro-gravity effects on heat pipe thermal performance and working fluid behavior, phase B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gier, K. D.; Smith, M. O.

1990-01-01

The purpose of this experiment is to develop an in-depth understanding of the behavior of heat pipes in space. Both fixed conductance heat pipes (FCHPs) with axial grooves and variable conductance heat pipes (VCHPs) with porous wicks will be investigated. This understanding will be applied to the development of improved performance heat pipes subjected to various accelerations in space, including those encountered on a lunar base or Mars mission. More efficient, reliable, and lighter weight spacecraft thermal control systems should result from these investigations.

Tests of Fire Suppression Effectiveness of Damaged Water Mist Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-01

essure the damage pi essure is installed in the test compa Damage pipe no essur Pipe 7 104.9 12.9 31.0 22.0 132.5...pipe is installed in the test compartment, see Figure 68 Damage pipe no. Total [L/ Pr no [ba r u [ba v r [b a ea [L flow min] essure at rth...nozzle r] P so essure at th nozzle r] A p erage essure ar] C l lculated k flow /min] Pipe 4 104 35 23 29 66.9 .6 .8 .7 .5

Thermostructural applications of heat pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peeples, M. E.; Reeder, J. C.; Sontag, K. E.

1979-01-01

The feasibility of integrating heat pipes in high temperature structure to reduce local hot spot temperature was evaluated for a variety of hypersonic aerospace vehicles. From an initial list of twenty-two potential applications, the single stage to orbit wing leading edge showed the greatest promise and was selected for preliminary design of an integrated heat pipe thermostructural system. The design consisted of a Hastelloy X assembly with sodium heat pipe passages aligned normal to the wing leading edge. A d-shaped heat pipe cross section was determined to be optimum from the standpoint of structural weight.

Altitude Performance Characteristics of Turbojet-engine Tail-pipe Burner with Variable-area Exhaust Nozzle Using Several Fuel Systems and Flame Holders

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Lavern A; Meyer, Carl L

1950-01-01

A tail-pipe burner with a variable-area exhaust nozzle was investigated. From five configurations a fuel-distribution system and a flame holder were selected. The best configuration was investigated over a range of altitudes and flight Mach numbers. For the best configuration, an increase in altitude lowered the augmented thrust ratio, exhaust-gas total temperature, and tail-pipe combustion efficiency, and raised the specific fuel consumption. An increase in flight Mach number raised the augmented thrust ratio but had no apparent effect on exhaust-gas total temperature, tail-pipe combustion efficiency, or specific fuel consumption.

Carrier fluid temperature data in vertical ground heat exchangers with a varying pipe separation.

PubMed

Makasis, Nikolas; Narsilio, Guillermo A; Bidarmaghz, Asal; Johnston, Ian W

2018-06-01

The dataset in this article is related to shallow geothermal energy systems, which efficiently provide renewable heating and cooling to buildings, and specifically to the performance of the vertical ground heat exchangers (GHE) embedded in the ground. GHEs incorporate pipes with a circulating (carrier) fluid, exchanging heat between the ground and the building. The data show the average and inlet temperatures of the carrier fluid circulating in the pipes embedded in the GHEs (which directly relate to the performance of these systems). These temperatures were generated using detailed finite element modelling and comprise part of the daily output of various one-year simulations, accounting for numerous design parameters (including different pipe geometries) and ground conditions. An expanded explanation of the data as well as comprehensive analyses on how they were used can be found in the article titled "Ground-source heat pump systems: the effect of variable pipe separation in ground heat exchangers" (Makasis N, Narsilio GA, Bidarmaghz A, Johnston IW, 2018) [1].

Effect of Variable Emittance Coatings on the Operation of a Miniature Loop Heat Pipe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Douglas, Donya M.; Ku, Jentung; Ottenstein, Laura; Swanson, Theodore; Hess, Steve; Darrin, Ann

2005-01-01

Abstract. As the size of spacecraft shrink to accommodate small and more efficient instruments, smaller launch vehicles, and constellation missions, all subsystems must also be made smaller. Under NASA NFL4 03-OSS-02, Space Technology-8 (ST 8), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center and Jet Propulsion Laboratory jointly conducted a Concept Definition study to develop a miniature loop heat pipe (MLHP) thermal management system design suitable for future small spacecraft. The proposed MLHP thermal management system consists of a miniature loop heat pipe (LHP) and deployable radiators that are coated with variable emittance coatings (VECs). As part of the Phase A study and proof of the design concept, variable emittance coatings were integrated with a breadboard miniature loop heat pipe. The miniature loop heat pipe was supplied by the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (PL), while the variable emittance technology were supplied by Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory and Sensortex, Inc. The entire system was tested under vacuum at various temperature extremes and power loads. This paper summarizes the results of this testing and shows the effect of the VEC on the operation of a miniature loop heat pipe.

Ultrasonic Measurement of Erosion/corrosion Rates in Industrial Piping Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sinclair, A. N.; Safavi, V.; Honarvar, F.

2011-06-01

Industrial piping systems that carry aggressive corrosion or erosion agents may suffer from a gradual wall thickness reduction that eventually threatens pipe integrity. Thinning rates could be estimated from the very small change in wall thickness values measured by conventional ultrasound over a time span of at least a few months. However, measurements performed over shorter time spans would yield no useful information—minor signal distortions originating from grain noise and ultrasonic equipment imperfections prevent a meaningful estimate of the minuscule reduction in echo travel time. Using a Model-Based Estimation (MBE) technique, a signal processing scheme has been developed that enables the echo signals from the pipe wall to be separated from the noise. This was implemented in a laboratory experimental program, featuring accelerated erosion/corrosion on the inner wall of a test pipe. The result was a reduction in the uncertainty in the wall thinning rate by a factor of four. This improvement enables a more rapid response by system operators to a change in plant conditions that could pose a pipe integrity problem. It also enables a rapid evaluation of the effectiveness of new corrosion inhibiting agents under plant operating conditions.

167. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by StearnsRoger Incorporated) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

167. Photocopy of drawing (1979 piping drawing by Stearns-Roger Incorporated) HELIUM AND NITROGEN PUMPING SYSTEMS PIPING PLAN, SHEET 511-P8 - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Transient Simulation of Accumulating Particle Deposition in Pipe Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hewett, James; Sellier, Mathieu

2015-11-01

Colloidal particles that deposit in pipe systems can lead to fouling which is an expensive problem in both the geothermal and oil & gas industries. We investigate the gradual accumulation of deposited colloids in pipe flow using numerical simulations. An Euler-Lagrangian approach is employed for modelling the fluid and particle phases. Particle transport to the pipe wall is modelled with Brownian motion and turbulent diffusion. A two-way coupling exists between the fouled material and the pipe flow; the local mass flux of depositing particles is affected by the surrounding fluid in the near-wall region. This coupling is modelled by changing the cells from fluid to solid as the deposited particles exceed each local cell volume. A similar method has been used to model fouling in engine exhaust systems (Paz et al., Heat Transfer Eng., 34(8-9):674-682, 2013). We compare our deposition velocities and deposition profiles with an experiment on silica scaling in turbulent pipe flow (Kokhanenko et al., 19th AFMC, 2014).

Best practices for quality management of stormwater pipe construction : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Although largely unseen, stormwater pipe : systems are integral and important features : of the transportation network. Stormwater : systems support the safety and integrity of : roadways by directing stormwater away from : roadway structures to disc...

Abrasion resistant heat pipe

DOEpatents

Ernst, D.M.

1984-10-23

A specially constructed heat pipe is described for use in fluidized bed combustors. Two distinct coatings are spray coated onto a heat pipe casing constructed of low thermal expansion metal, each coating serving a different purpose. The first coating forms aluminum oxide to prevent hydrogen permeation into the heat pipe casing, and the second coating contains stabilized zirconium oxide to provide abrasion resistance while not substantially affecting the heat transfer characteristics of the system.

49 CFR 192.123 - Design limitations for plastic pipe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... in: (1) Distribution systems; or (2) Classes 3 and 4 locations. (b) Plastic pipe may not be used where operating temperatures of the pipe will be: (1) Below −20 °F (−20 °C), or −40 °F (−40 °C) if all pipe and pipeline components whose operating temperature will be below −29 °C (−20 °F) have a...

Feasibility study of a passive aeration reactor equipped with vertical pipes for compost stabilization of cow manure.

PubMed

Sylla, Youssouf Boundou; Kuroda, Masao; Yamada, Masayuki; Matsumoto, Naoko

2006-10-01

Pilot-scale composting was carried out with cow manure to evaluate the performances of two passive aeration systems: a conventional passive aeration system equipped with horizontal pipes and an unusual passive aeration method based on air delivery by means of vertical pipes. The effects of both types of passive aeration apparatus were investigated in order to determine the degree of composting rate by continuously monitoring temperature, moisture content, organic matter, electrical conductivity, pH and C/N ratio in the piles. Temperatures in the range of thermophily (55-65 degrees C) were reached in all runs within 1-2 days then lasting for about 1 week, a span long enough for pathogen abatement. Results suggest that passive aeration carried out by vertical pipes is more effective for air delivery into compost piles than conventional passive aeration of air adduction with horizontal pipes. The variation in the number of vertical pipes was revealed to be an important parameter for the control of composting rate and temperature. Composting rates estimated from the heat balance equation were substantially in agreement with those computed through the conversion ratio of total organic matter decrement. The conversion ratios and composting rates obtained in this study using passive aeration with vertical pipes were well aligned with those found using forced air delivery systems.

8. Exterior view, showing tank and associated piping adjacent to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. Exterior view, showing tank and associated piping adjacent to Test Cell 6, Systems Integration Laboratory Building (T-28), looking south. - Air Force Plant PJKS, Systems Integration Laboratory, Systems Integration Laboratory Building, Waterton Canyon Road & Colorado Highway 121, Lakewood, Jefferson County, CO

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

46 CFR 56.01-10 - Plan approval.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Fire extinguishing systems including fire main and sprinkler piping, inert gas and foam. (vi) Bilge and..., I-L, and II-L systems. (ii) All Class II firemain, foam, sprinkler, bilge and ballast, vent sounding... GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES...

33 CFR 238.6 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... system of pipes traditionally recognized as a storm drainage system. Flood damage reduction works... ditches with carrying capacities typical of storm sewer pipes. Location of political boundaries will not... the Corps of Engineers. (2) Construction of storm sewer systems and components thereof will be a non...

33 CFR 238.6 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... system of pipes traditionally recognized as a storm drainage system. Flood damage reduction works... ditches with carrying capacities typical of storm sewer pipes. Location of political boundaries will not... the Corps of Engineers. (2) Construction of storm sewer systems and components thereof will be a non...

33 CFR 238.6 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... system of pipes traditionally recognized as a storm drainage system. Flood damage reduction works... ditches with carrying capacities typical of storm sewer pipes. Location of political boundaries will not... the Corps of Engineers. (2) Construction of storm sewer systems and components thereof will be a non...

33 CFR 238.6 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... system of pipes traditionally recognized as a storm drainage system. Flood damage reduction works... ditches with carrying capacities typical of storm sewer pipes. Location of political boundaries will not... the Corps of Engineers. (2) Construction of storm sewer systems and components thereof will be a non...

33 CFR 238.6 - General policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... system of pipes traditionally recognized as a storm drainage system. Flood damage reduction works... ditches with carrying capacities typical of storm sewer pipes. Location of political boundaries will not... the Corps of Engineers. (2) Construction of storm sewer systems and components thereof will be a non...

Gravity flow rate of solids through orifices and pipes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, J. F.; Smith, J. E.; Hobday, J. M.

1977-01-01

Lock-hopper systems are the most common means for feeding solids to and from coal conversion reactor vessels. The rate at which crushed solids flow by gravity through the vertical pipes and valves in lock-hopper systems affects the size of pipes and valves needed to meet the solids-handling requirements of the coal conversion process. Methods used to predict flow rates are described and compared with experimental data. Preliminary indications are that solids-handling systems for coal conversion processes are over-designed by a factor of 2 or 3.

Shuttle Ku-band bent-pipe implementation considerations. [for Space Shuttle digital communication systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Batson, B. H.; Seyl, J. W.; Huth, G. K.

1977-01-01

This paper describes an approach for relay of data-modulated subcarriers from Shuttle payloads through the Shuttle Ku-band communications subsystem (and subsequently through a tracking and data relay satellite system to a ground terminal). The novelty is that a channel originally provided for baseband digital data is shown to be suitable for this purpose; the resulting transmission scheme is referred to as a narrowband bent-pipe scheme. Test results demonstrating the validity of the narrowband bent-pipe mode are presented, and limitations on system performance are described.

Economic optimization of the energy transport component of a large distributed solar power plant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, R. H.

1976-01-01

A solar thermal power plant with a field of collectors, each locally heating some transport fluid, requires a pipe network system for eventual delivery of energy power generation equipment. For a given collector distribution and pipe network geometry, a technique is herein developed which manipulates basic cost information and physical data in order to design an energy transport system consistent with minimized cost constrained by a calculated technical performance. For a given transport fluid and collector conditions, the method determines the network pipe diameter and pipe thickness distribution and also insulation thickness distribution associated with minimum system cost; these relative distributions are unique. Transport losses, including pump work and heat leak, are calculated operating expenses and impact the total system cost. The minimum cost system is readily selected. The technique is demonstrated on six candidate transport fluids to emphasize which parameters dominate the system cost and to provide basic decision data. Three different power plant output sizes are evaluated in each case to determine severity of diseconomy of scale.

The bacteriological composition of biomass recovered by flushing an operational drinking water distribution system.

PubMed

Douterelo, I; Husband, S; Boxall, J B

2014-05-01

This study investigates the influence of pipe characteristics on the bacteriological composition of material mobilised from a drinking water distribution system (DWDS) and the impact of biofilm removal on water quality. Hydrants in a single UK Distribution Management Area (DMA) with both polyethylene and cast iron pipe sections were subjected to incremental increases in flow to mobilise material from the pipe walls. Turbidity was monitored during these operations and water samples were collected for physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis. DNA was extracted from the material mobilised into the bulk water before and during flushing. Bacterial tag-encoded 454 pyrosequencing was then used to characterize the bacterial communities present in this material. Turbidity values were high in the samples from cast iron pipes. Iron, aluminium, manganese and phosphate concentrations were found to correlate to observed turbidity. The bacterial community composition of the material mobilised from the pipes was significantly different between plastic and cast iron pipe sections (p < 0.5). High relative abundances of Alphaproteobacteria (23.3%), Clostridia (10.3%) and Actinobacteria (10.3%) were detected in the material removed from plastic pipes. Sequences related to Alphaproteobacteria (22.8%), Bacilli (16.6%), and Gammaproteobacteria (1.4%) were predominant in the samples obtained from cast iron pipes. The highest species richness and diversity were found in the samples from material mobilised from plastic pipes. Spirochaeta spp., Methylobacterium spp. Clostridium spp. and Desulfobacterium spp., were the most represented genera in the material obtained prior to and during the flushing of the plastic pipes. In cast iron pipes a high relative abundance of bacteria able to utilise different iron and manganese compounds were found such as Lysinibacillus spp., Geobacillus spp. and Magnetobacterium spp. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cryogenic piping material selection for the Component Test Facility (CTF)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

St. Cyr, William W.

1991-01-01

The anticipated high cost of the 8500 psi cryogenic and 15,000 psi gas piping systems used in the CTF at NASA's John C. Stennis Space Center led to the consideration of high-strength materials for these piping systems. Based on years of satisfactory service using austenitic stainless steels in cryogenic applications, particularly for hydrogen service, consideration was limited to the austenitic stainless steels. Attention was focused on alternatives to the 304/304L grades of stainless steel traditionally used in these applications. This paper discusses the various considerations that resulted in the decision to continue using 304/304L for the cryogenic piping and the selection of the nitrogen-strengthened 21Cr-6Ni-9Mn alloy (UNS S21903) for the high-pressure gas systems at the CTF.

Alkali Metal Handling Practices at NASA MSFC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Salvail, Patrick G.; Carter, Robert R.

2002-01-01

NASA Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) is NASA s principle propulsion development center. Research and development is coordinated and carried out on not only the existing transportation systems, but also those that may be flown in the near future. Heat pipe cooled fast fission cores are among several concepts being considered for the Nuclear Systems Initiative. Marshall Space Flight Center has developed a capability to handle high-purity alkali metals for use in heat pipes or liquid metal heat transfer loops. This capability is a low budget prototype of an alkali metal handling system that would allow the production of flight qualified heat pipe modules or alkali metal loops. The processing approach used to introduce pure alkali metal into heat pipe modules and other test articles are described in this paper.

Electrical Transmission Line Diametrical Retention Mechanism

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Pixton, David; Dahlgren, Scott; Sneddon, Cameron; Briscoe, Michael; Fox, Joe

2006-01-03

The invention is a mechanism for retaining an electrical transmission line. In one embodiment of the invention it is a system for retaining an electrical transmission line within downhole components. The invention allows a transmission line to be attached to the internal diameter of drilling components that have a substantially uniform drilling diameter. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the system includes a plurality of downhole components, such as sections of pipe in a drill string, drill collars, heavy weight drill pipe, and jars. The system also includes a coaxial cable running between the first and second end of a drill pipe, the coaxial cable having a conductive tube and a conductive core within it. The invention allows the electrical transmission line to withstand the tension and compression of drill pipe during routine drilling cycles.