Sample records for pipe welds testing

  1. Study of fatigue behavior of longitudinal welded pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Simion, P.; Dia, V.; Istrate, B.; Hrituleac, G.; Hrituleac, I.; Munteanu, C.

    2016-08-01

    During transport and storage of the various fluids, welded pipes are subjected to cyclic loading due to pressure fluctuations that often exceed the prescribed values for normal operation. These cyclic loading can significantly reduce the life of the pipes; as a result the design should be based on the fatigue strength not only on static resistance. In general the fatigue strength of pipes is dependent by strength, pipe geometry and surface quality. In case of the electric longitudinal welded pipes, the fatigue strength is significantly limited by concentration of residual stress and the size of existing defects in the weld seam. This paper presents the fatigue behaviour of the electric welded pipes by high frequency, under conditions that simulate real operating conditions pipes. Fatigue testing was performed on welded pipes made of micro alloyed carbon steels. Some of these pipes were previously subjected to a heat treatment of normalization, in order to also determine the influence of heat treatment on the fatigue strength of welded pipes. To determine and correlate the different factors affecting the fatigue strength, welded pipes were also subjected to various tests: tensile tests, impact tests, measurement of micro hardness, microstructural analysis by optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy.

  2. Shielded Metal Arc Pipe Welding. Teacher Edition. Second Edition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fortney, Clarence; And Others

    This second edition of the shielded metal arc pipe welding curriculum guide presents both basic and advanced pipe welding skills. All specifications for procedure and welder qualification are presented according to national standards. The standards also include the test position for both groove and fillet pipe welding. The guide contains three…

  3. Navy ManTech 2010 Project Book

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-01-01

    31 S2253 Ultrasonic Testing as an Alternative to Radiography for the Inspection of Naval Piping, Pressure Vessel and Machinery Welds...for Inspection S2253 — Ultrasonic Testing as an Alternative to Radiography for the Inspection of Naval Piping, Pressure Vessel and Machinery Welds...Ultrasonic Testing as an Alternative to Radiography for the Inspection of Naval Piping, Pressure Vessel and Machinery Welds

  4. Automatic hot wire GTA welding of pipe offers speed and increased deposition

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sykes, I.; Digiacomo, J.

    1995-07-01

    Heavy-wall pipe welding for the power and petrochemical industry must meet code requirements. Contractors strive to meet these requirements in the most productive way possible. The challenge put to orbital welding equipment manufacturers is to produce pipe welding equipment that cost-effectively produces code-quality welds. Orbital welding equipment using the GTA process has long produced outstanding quality results but has lacked the deposition rate to compete cost effectively with other manual and semiautomatic processes such as SMAW, FCAW and GMAW. In recent years, significant progress has been made with the use of narrow-groove weld joint designs to reduce weld joint volumemore » and improve welding times. Astro Arc Polysoude, an orbital welding equipment manufacturer based in Sun Valley, Calif., and Nantes, France, has combined the hot wire GTAW process with orbital welding equipment using a narrow-groove weld joint design. Field test results show this process and procedure is a good alternative for many heavy-wall-pipe welding applications.« less

  5. Joining Pipe with the Hybrid Laser-GMAW Process: Weld Test Results and Cost Analysis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-01

    Recent work investigating the poten- tial benefit of applying this technology to a shipyard pipe shop suggests that signifi- cant cost savings may be...arc-based joining processes. With recent advances in com- mercial laser technology , laser suppliers can now deliver dramatically higher power systems...reasons, shipyards in the U.S. are showing growing interest in hybrid laser-GMA welding technology . Hybrid Laser-GMA for Joining Pipe Welding of pipe

  6. 49 CFR 192.719 - Transmission lines: Testing of repairs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... pipe before it is installed. (b) Testing of repairs made by welding. Each repair made by welding in... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Transmission lines: Testing of repairs. 192.719... Transmission lines: Testing of repairs. (a) Testing of replacement pipe. If a segment of transmission line is...

  7. The resistance of high frequency inductive welded pipe to grooving corrosion in salt water

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Duran, C.; Triess, E.; Herbsleb, G.

    1986-09-01

    When exposed to neutral, salt-containing waters, electric resistant welded pipe in carbon and low alloy steels with increased sulfur contents may suffer preferential corrosion attack in the weld area. Because of its appearance, this type of corrosion is called grooving corrosion. The susceptibility to grooving corrosion may be determined and quantitatively described by means of an accelerated potentiostatic exposure test. The importance of type, concentration, and temperature of the electrolytic solution; potential; test duration; and the sulfur content of the steel in the accelerated corrosion test and the susceptibility of steels to grooving corrosion are described. Line pipe in highmore » frequency inductive (HFI) welded carbon and low alloy steels are resistant to grooving corrosion particularly because of their low sulfur content.« less

  8. Automated GMA welding of austenitic stainless steel pipe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tahash, G.J.

    1996-12-31

    The study focused on reducing weld cycle times of rotatable subassemblies (spools) using automated welding equipment. A unique automatic Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) system was used to produce a series of pipe to pipe welds on 141 mm (5 in.) schedule 80 seamless stainless steel pipe. After manual tack welding, the adaptive control system welded the root pass of the argon gas backed open vee groove circumferential butt joints in the IG rotated position with short circuiting transfer GMAW. The fill and cover passes were welded automatically with spray transfer GMAW. Automatic welding cycle times were found to bemore » 50--80 percent shorter than the current techniques of roll welding with Shielded Metal Arc Welding and manual Gas Tungsten Arc Welding. Weld costs ({Brit_pounds}/m), including amortization, for the various systems were compared. The cost of automated GMA welds was virtually equivalent to the most competitive methods while depositing 75% more filler metal per year. Also investigated were metallurgical effects generated by weld thermal cycling, and the associated effects on mechanical properties of the weld joint. Mechanical properties of the welds met or exceeded those of the base metal. Sensitization of the pipe did not occur in the heat affected zone (HAZ), based on the absence of evidence of intergranular attack in modified Strauss corrosion tests and despite the fact of interpass temperatures well above recommended maximums. Cooling rates of 3--5 C/s in the heat affected zone of the four pass welds were measured by thermocouple technique and found to be within the non-sensitizing range for this alloy.« less

  9. 49 CFR 192.328 - Additional construction requirements for steel pipe using alternative maximum allowable operating...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... stringing, field bending, welding, non-destructive examination of girth welds, applying and testing field...: (i) Equivalent to that required under § 192.112(f)(3) for pipe; and (ii) Performed by an individual...) All girth welds on a new pipeline segment must be non-destructively examined in accordance with § 192...

  10. 49 CFR 192.328 - Additional construction requirements for steel pipe using alternative maximum allowable operating...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... stringing, field bending, welding, non-destructive examination of girth welds, applying and testing field...: (i) Equivalent to that required under § 192.112(f)(3) for pipe; and (ii) Performed by an individual...) All girth welds on a new pipeline segment must be non-destructively examined in accordance with § 192...

  11. 49 CFR 192.328 - Additional construction requirements for steel pipe using alternative maximum allowable operating...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... stringing, field bending, welding, non-destructive examination of girth welds, applying and testing field...: (i) Equivalent to that required under § 192.112(f)(3) for pipe; and (ii) Performed by an individual...) All girth welds on a new pipeline segment must be non-destructively examined in accordance with § 192...

  12. Extended tensile testing of welded joints of polyethylene pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Danzanova, E. V.; Gerasimov, A. I.; Botvin, G. V.

    2017-12-01

    The paper introduces the results of testing joints welded in the open air at low climatic temperatures (below minus 15 °C) without heated facilities. Extended tensile testing in an active medium reveals that the same quality standard of welded joints is reached when welded parts are preheated when welding is performed under conditions of low climatic temperatures, and when they are welded at permissible temperatures.

  13. Fatigue strength of socket welded pipe joint

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Higuchi, Makoto; Hayashi, Makoto; Yamauchi, Takayoshi

    1995-12-01

    Fully reversed four point bending fatigue tests were carried out on small diameter socket welded joints made of carbon steels. Experimental parameters were pipe diameter, thicknesses of pipe and socket wall, throat depth and shape of fillet welds, slip-on and diametral gaps in the socket welding, lack of penetration at the root of fillet welds, and peening of fillet welds. In most cases a fatigue crack started from the root of the fillet, but in the case of higher stress amplitude, it tended to start from the toe of fillet. The standard socket welded joint for a pipe with amore » 50 mm nominal diameter showed a relatively low fatigue strength of 46 MPa in stress amplitude at the 10{sup 7} cycles failure life. This value corresponds to about 1/5 of that for the smoothed base metal specimens in axial fatigue. The fatigue strength decreased with increasing pipe diameter, and increased with increasing thickness of the pipe and socket wall. The effects of throat depth and shape of fillet welds on fatigue strength were not significant. Contrary to expectation, the fatigue strength of a socket welded joint without slip-on gap is Higher than that of the joint with a normal gap. A lack of penetration at the root deleteriously reduced fatigue strength, showing 14 MPa in stress amplitude at the 10{sup 7} cycles failure life for the 50 mm diameter socket joint.« less

  14. Seam-weld quality of modern ERW/HFI line pipe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Groeneveld, T.P.; Barnes, C.R.

    1991-09-01

    This study was undertaken to determine whether the seam-weld quality of modern ERW (electric resistance-welded)/HFI (high-frequency induction) welded pipe has been improved and justifies more widespread use of this type of pipe in critical applications. Wider use of ERW/HFI line pipe in gas-transmission lines would be expected to reduce construction costs. Five recently produced, heavy wall pipes fabricated using high-frequency electric-resistance welding (ERW) processes to make the seam weld and one pipe fabricated using the high-frequency induction (HFI) welding process to make the seam weld were studied. Four of the pipes were Grade X-60, one was Grade X-65, and onemore » was Grade X-70. All of the pipes were produced from microalloyed, controlled-rolled steels, and the weld zones were post-weld normalized. Ultrasonic inspection of the seam welds in the six pipe sections evaluated revealed no indications of defects. The tensile properties of all of the weld zones exceeded the minimum specified yield strengths for the respective grades of pipe and all of the pipes exhibited ductile failures either in the weld zone or in the base metal. Five of the six pipes exhibited ductile failures either in the weld zone or in the base metal. Five of the six pipes exhibited relatively low 85% shear area transition temperatures and relatively high upper-shelf energy absorptions as determined with Charpy V-notch specimens. In addition, for two of the three joints of pipe for which the properties were determined at both ends of the pipe, the tensile and impact properties showed little variation from end-to-end. However, for the other joint of pipe, the impact properties varied substantially from one end to the other.« less

  15. 46 CFR 54.05-10 - Certification of material toughness tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... specimens shall have the major axis parallel to the length of pipe or tube. In the case of welding fittings... forming. Such specimens shall be normalized before testing. (2) One set of specimens may represent each five (5) short tons, or less, of the pipe, tubes, or welding fittings produced from one heat of steel...

  16. Friction Stir Welding of Line-Pipe Steels

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sanderson, Samuel; Mahoney, Murray; Feng, Zhili

    Friction stir welding (FSW) offers both economic and technical advantages over conventional fusion welding practices for welding line-pipe. For offshore line-pipe construction, the economic savings has been shown to be considerable, approaching a calculated 25%. Offshore pipe is relatively small diameter but heavy wall compared to onshore pipe. One concern is the ability to achieve consistent full weld penetration in an on-site offshore FSW operation, e.g., on a lay-barge. In addition, depending on the size and morphology of the unwelded zone, lack of penetration at the weld root can be difficult if not impossible to detect by conventional NDE methods.more » Thus, an approach to assure consistent full penetration via process control is required for offshore line-pipe construction using FSW. For offshore construction, an internal structural mandrel can be used offering the opportunity to use a sacrificial anvil FSW approach. With this approach, a small volume of sacrificial material can be inserted into the structural anvil. The FSW tool penetrates into the sacrificial anvil, beyond the inner diameter of the pipe wall, thus assuring full penetration. The sacrificial material is subsequently removed from the pipe inner wall. In the work presented herein, FSW studies were completed on both 6 mm and 12 mm wall thickness line-pipe. Lastly, post-FSW evaluations including radiography, root-bend tests, and metallography demonstrated the merits of the sacrificial anvil approach to achieve consistent full penetration.« less

  17. Fatigue crack growth of 316NG austenitic stainless steel welds at 325 °C

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, Y. F.; Xiao, J.; Chen, Y.; Zhou, J.; Qiu, S. Y.; Xu, Q.

    2018-02-01

    316NG austenitic stainless steel is a commonly-used material for primary coolant pipes of pressurized water reactor systems. These pipes are usually joined together by automated narrow gap welding process. In this study, welds were prepared by narrow gap welding on 316NG austenitic stainless steel pipes, and its microstructure of the welds was characterized. Then, fatigue crack growth tests were conducted at 325 °C. Precipitates enriched with Mn and Si were found in the fusion zone. The fatigue crack path was out of plane and secondary cracks initiated from the precipitate/matrix interface. A moderate acceleration of crack growth was also observed at 325°Cair and water (DO = ∼10 ppb) with f = 2 Hz.

  18. 46 CFR 56.97-40 - Installation tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... attached to boilers by welding without practical means of blanking off for testing, the piping shall be...) Fixed oxygen-acetylene system piping. (b) Installation testing requirements for refrigeration, fluid...

  19. Electron beam welding passes initial test

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    de Sirvy, B.

    1979-11-01

    Once the new electron-beam welding process is coupled with vertical or J-curve pipelaying techniques, Total-Compagnie Francaise des Petroles (Gestion and Recherches) will be able to offer a system capable of laying up to 36-in. pipe in deep water (1000-9900 ft) at a pace competitive with the best performance of a shallow-water barge: 8200 ft in 24 hr. Electron-beam welding provides the fast, single-station joining needed to make J-curve laying economical. Tests recently demonstrated that this welding technique can join 1.25-in.-wall, 24-in. pipe in less than 3 min; conventional processes require 1-1 1/2 hr.

  20. Investigation on size tolerance of pore defect of girth weld pipe.

    PubMed

    Li, Yan; Shuai, Jian; Xu, Kui

    2018-01-01

    Welding quality control is an important parameter for safe operation of oil and gas pipes, especially for high-strength steel pipes. Size control of welding defect is a bottleneck problem for current pipe construction. As a key part of construction procedure for butt-welding of pipes, pore defects in girth weld is difficult to ignore. A three-dimensional non-linear finite element numerical model is established to study applicability of size control indices based on groove shape and softening phenomenon of material in heat-affected zone of practical pipe girth weld. Taking design criteria of pipe as the basis, basic tensile, extremely tensile and extremely compressive loading conditions are determined for pipe stress analysis, and failure criteria based on flow stress is employed to perform stress analysis for pipe girth weld with pore defect. Results show that pipe girth welding stresses of pores at various radial locations are similar. Whereas, stress for pores of different sharpness varied significantly. Besides, tolerance capability of API 5L X90 grade pipe to pore defect of girth weld is lower than that of API 5L X80 grade pipe, and size control index of 3 mm related to pore defect in current standards is applicable to API 5L X80 and X90 grade girth welded pipes with radially non-sharp pore defects.

  1. Investigation on size tolerance of pore defect of girth weld pipe

    PubMed Central

    Shuai, Jian; Xu, Kui

    2018-01-01

    Welding quality control is an important parameter for safe operation of oil and gas pipes, especially for high-strength steel pipes. Size control of welding defect is a bottleneck problem for current pipe construction. As a key part of construction procedure for butt-welding of pipes, pore defects in girth weld is difficult to ignore. A three-dimensional non-linear finite element numerical model is established to study applicability of size control indices based on groove shape and softening phenomenon of material in heat-affected zone of practical pipe girth weld. Taking design criteria of pipe as the basis, basic tensile, extremely tensile and extremely compressive loading conditions are determined for pipe stress analysis, and failure criteria based on flow stress is employed to perform stress analysis for pipe girth weld with pore defect. Results show that pipe girth welding stresses of pores at various radial locations are similar. Whereas, stress for pores of different sharpness varied significantly. Besides, tolerance capability of API 5L X90 grade pipe to pore defect of girth weld is lower than that of API 5L X80 grade pipe, and size control index of 3 mm related to pore defect in current standards is applicable to API 5L X80 and X90 grade girth welded pipes with radially non-sharp pore defects. PMID:29364986

  2. 77 FR 64468 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ...-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination AGENCY: Import... exporters of circular welded carbon-quality steel pipe (``circular welded pipe'') from India. For... determination.\\1\\ \\1\\ See Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Preliminary Affirmative...

  3. 46 CFR 154.660 - Pipe welding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pipe welding. 154.660 Section 154.660 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR... § 154.660 Pipe welding. (a) Pipe welding must meet Part 57 of this chapter. (b) Longitudinal butt welds...

  4. 46 CFR 154.660 - Pipe welding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pipe welding. 154.660 Section 154.660 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR... § 154.660 Pipe welding. (a) Pipe welding must meet part 57 of this chapter. (b) Longitudinal butt welds...

  5. 46 CFR 154.660 - Pipe welding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pipe welding. 154.660 Section 154.660 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR... § 154.660 Pipe welding. (a) Pipe welding must meet Part 57 of this chapter. (b) Longitudinal butt welds...

  6. 46 CFR 154.660 - Pipe welding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pipe welding. 154.660 Section 154.660 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR... § 154.660 Pipe welding. (a) Pipe welding must meet part 57 of this chapter. (b) Longitudinal butt welds...

  7. 46 CFR 154.660 - Pipe welding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pipe welding. 154.660 Section 154.660 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR... § 154.660 Pipe welding. (a) Pipe welding must meet part 57 of this chapter. (b) Longitudinal butt welds...

  8. Welding Penetration Control of Fixed Pipe in TIG Welding Using Fuzzy Inference System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baskoro, Ario Sunar; Kabutomori, Masashi; Suga, Yasuo

    This paper presents a study on welding penetration control of fixed pipe in Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding using fuzzy inference system. The welding penetration control is essential to the production quality welds with a specified geometry. For pipe welding using constant arc current and welding speed, the bead width becomes wider as the circumferential welding of small diameter pipes progresses. Having welded pipe in fixed position, obviously, the excessive arc current yields burn through of metals; in contrary, insufficient arc current produces imperfect welding. In order to avoid these errors and to obtain the uniform weld bead over the entire circumference of the pipe, the welding conditions should be controlled as the welding proceeds. This research studies the intelligent welding process of aluminum alloy pipe 6063S-T5 in fixed position using the AC welding machine. The monitoring system used a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to monitor backside image of molten pool. The captured image was processed to recognize the edge of molten pool by image processing algorithm. Simulation of welding control using fuzzy inference system was constructed to simulate the welding control process. The simulation result shows that fuzzy controller was suitable for controlling the welding speed and appropriate to be implemented into the welding system. A series of experiments was conducted to evaluate the performance of the fuzzy controller. The experimental results show the effectiveness of the control system that is confirmed by sound welds.

  9. 77 FR 41967 - Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From India, Thailand, and Turkey; Certain...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-17

    ... Pipes and Tubes From India, Thailand, and Turkey; Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From... on (1) certain circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from India, Thailand, and Turkey; (2... circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Turkey would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of...

  10. Investigation on the hot melting temperature field simulation of HDPE water supply pipeline in gymnasium pool

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cai, Zhiqiang; Dai, Hongbin; Fu, Xibin

    2018-06-01

    In view of the special needs of the water supply and drainage system of swimming pool in gymnasium, the correlation of high density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe and the temperature field distribution during welding was investigated. It showed that the temperature field distribution has significant influence on the quality of welding. Moreover, the mechanical properties of the welded joint were analyzed by the bending test of the weld joint, and the micro-structure of the welded joint was evaluated by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The one-dimensional unsteady heat transfer model of polyethylene pipe welding joints was established by MARC. The temperature field distribution during welding process was simulated, and the temperature field changes during welding were also detected and compared by the thermo-couple temperature automatic acquisition system. Results indicated that the temperature of the end surface of the pipe does not reach the maximum value, when it is at the end of welding heating. Instead, it reaches the maximum value at 300 sand latent heat occurs during the welding process. It concludes that the weld quality is the highest when the welding pressure is 0.2 MPa, and the heating temperature of HDPE heat fusion welding is in the range of 210 °C-230 °C.

  11. Performance of repair welds on aged Cr-Mo piping girth welds

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Viswanathan, R.; Gandy, D. W.

    1999-10-01

    This article documents the results of an industry survey of weld repair practices and describes the results of experimental evaluations performed on service-aged 21/4 Cr-1Mo steel piping using SMAW with both conventional postweld heat treatments and temper bead repair techniques. The overall results of this program provide substantial evidence that service-aged piping systems can be successfully weld repaired with and without postweld heat treatments and that life extension by several decades is achievable under the right design and repair conditions. Weld repairs performed on degraded exservice welds resulted in restoration or improvement of tensile and creep properties. Microhardness test results within the heat-affected zone of each weldment indicated that the temper bead weld repairs produced only slightly higher peak hardness values than those measured for the fully postweld heat treated repairs. Finally, in terms of toughness, temper bead weld repairs consistently produced higher impact properties than those measured for the postweld heat treated weldments. Gas tungsten arc weld repairs with postweld heat treatment resulted in the best combination of tensile strength, uniform microhardness distribution across the weld, Charpy toughness, and creep rupture life.

  12. Hydrogen accelerated fatigue crack growth of friction stir welded X52 steel pipe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ronevich, Joseph Allen; Somerday, Brian P.; Feng, Zhili

    Friction stir welded steel pipelines were tested in high pressure hydrogen gas to examine the effects of hydrogen accelerated fatigue crack growth. Fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) vs. stress-intensity factor range (ΔK) relationships were measured for an X52 friction stir welded pipe tested in 21 MPa hydrogen gas at a frequency of 1 Hz and R = 0.5. Tests were performed on three regions: base metal (BM), center of friction stir weld (FSW), and 15 mm off-center of the weld. For all three material regions, tests in hydrogen exhibited accelerated fatigue crack growth rates that exceeded an order of magnitudemore » compared to companion tests in air. Among tests in hydrogen, fatigue crack growth rates were modestly higher in the FSW than the BM and 15 mm off-center tests. Select regions of the fracture surfaces associated with specified ΔK levels were examined which revealed intergranular fracture in the BM and 15 mm off-center specimens but an absence of intergranular features in the FSW specimens. In conclusion, the X52 friction stir weld and base metal tested in hydrogen exhibited fatigue crack growth rate relationships that are comparable to those for conventional arc welded steel pipeline of similar strength found in the literature.« less

  13. Hydrogen accelerated fatigue crack growth of friction stir welded X52 steel pipe

    DOE PAGES

    Ronevich, Joseph Allen; Somerday, Brian P.; Feng, Zhili

    2016-11-17

    Friction stir welded steel pipelines were tested in high pressure hydrogen gas to examine the effects of hydrogen accelerated fatigue crack growth. Fatigue crack growth rate (da/dN) vs. stress-intensity factor range (ΔK) relationships were measured for an X52 friction stir welded pipe tested in 21 MPa hydrogen gas at a frequency of 1 Hz and R = 0.5. Tests were performed on three regions: base metal (BM), center of friction stir weld (FSW), and 15 mm off-center of the weld. For all three material regions, tests in hydrogen exhibited accelerated fatigue crack growth rates that exceeded an order of magnitudemore » compared to companion tests in air. Among tests in hydrogen, fatigue crack growth rates were modestly higher in the FSW than the BM and 15 mm off-center tests. Select regions of the fracture surfaces associated with specified ΔK levels were examined which revealed intergranular fracture in the BM and 15 mm off-center specimens but an absence of intergranular features in the FSW specimens. In conclusion, the X52 friction stir weld and base metal tested in hydrogen exhibited fatigue crack growth rate relationships that are comparable to those for conventional arc welded steel pipeline of similar strength found in the literature.« less

  14. Flow accelerated corrosion of carbon steel feeder pipes from pressurized heavy water reactors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Singh, J. L.; Kumar, Umesh; Kumawat, N.; Kumar, Sunil; Kain, Vivekanand; Anantharaman, S.; Sinha, A. K.

    2012-10-01

    Detailed investigation of a number of feeder pipes received from Rajasthan Atomic Power Station Unit 2 (RAPS#2) after en-masse feeder pipe replacement after 15.67 Effective Full Power Years (EFPYs) was carried out. Investigations included ultrasonic thickness measurement by ultrasonic testing, optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, chemical analysis and X-ray Diffraction (XRD). Results showed that maximum thickness reduction of the feeder had occurred downstream and close to the weld in 32 NB (1.25″/32.75 mm ID) elbows. Rate of Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC) was measured to be higher in the lower diameter feeder pipes due to high flow velocity and turbulence. Weld regions had thinned to a lower extent than the parent material due to higher chromium content in the weld. A weld protrusion has been shown to add to the thinning due to FAC and lead to faster thinning rate at localized regions. Surface morphology of inner surface of feeder had shown different size scallop pattern over the weld and parent material. Inter-granular cracks were also observed along the weld fusion line and in the parent material in 32 NB outlet feeder elbow.

  15. 75 FR 18788 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Preliminary Results and Rescission...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-13

    ... Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Preliminary Results and Rescission, in Part, of Antidumping Duty... review of the antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand, in... welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand. See Antidumping Duty Order: Circular Welded Carbon...

  16. 76 FR 76437 - Certain Welded Stainless Steel Pipe From Korea and Taiwan

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-07

    ... Welded Stainless Steel Pipe From Korea and Taiwan Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed... antidumping duty orders on certain welded stainless steel pipe from Korea and Taiwan would be likely to lead... 2011), entitled Certain Welded Stainless Steel Pipe from Korea and Taiwan, Investigation Nos. 731-TA...

  17. Replacement of seam welded hot reheat pipe using narrow groove GTA machine welding

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Richardson, R.R.; Yanes, J.; Bryant, R.

    1995-12-31

    Southern California Edison, recognizing a potential safety concern, scrutinized its existing seam welded hot reheat pipe manufactured by the same supplier as that which failed. Alternatives were narrowed to two in dealing with the installed seam welded pipe. The overriding consideration, however, was one of safety. With this in mind, the utility company evaluated replacement of the seam welded hot reheat pipe with seamless pipe or increasing the frequency of its inspection program. Although increased inspection was much costly, pipe replacement was chosen due to potential safety concerns with seam welded pipe even with more frequent inspection. The utility companymore » then proceeded to determine the most effective method to complete this work. Analysis showed machine-made (automatic) gas tungsten arc welds (GTAW) as the method of choice due to cleanliness and superior mechanical properties. In conjunction with this method, the narrow groove (3{degree} bevel) weld joint as opposed to the traditional groove (37 1/2{degree} bevel) was shown to provide significant technical advantages.« less

  18. Thermo-Mechanical Analysis of a Single-Pass Weld Overlay and Girth Welding in Lined Pipe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Obeid, Obeid; Alfano, Giulio; Bahai, Hamid

    2017-08-01

    The paper presents a nonlinear heat-transfer and mechanical finite-element (FE) analyses of a two-pass welding process of two segments of lined pipe made of a SUS304 stainless steel liner and a C-Mn steel pipe. The two passes consist of the single-pass overlay welding (inner lap weld) of the liner with the C-Mn steel pipe for each segment and the single-pass girth welding (outer butt weld) of the two segments. A distributed power density of the moving welding torch and a nonlinear heat-transfer coefficient accounting for both radiation and convection have been used in the analysis and implemented in user subroutines for the FE code ABAQUS. The modeling procedure has been validated against previously published experimental results for stainless steel and carbon steel welding separately. The model has been then used to determine the isotherms induced by the weld overlay and the girth welding and to clarify their influence on the transient temperature field and residual stress in the lined pipe. Furthermore, the influence of the cooling time between weld overlay and girth welding and of the welding speed have been examined thermally and mechanically as they are key factors that can affect the quality of lined pipe welding.

  19. 75 FR 69626 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipes and Tubes From India: Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-15

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-502] Certain Welded Carbon Steel... order on certain welded carbon steel standard pipes and tubes from India. The period of review is May 1... carbon steel standard pipes and tubes from India. See Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipes and...

  20. 76 FR 66893 - Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From India, Thailand, and Turkey; Final...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-28

    ...] Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From India, Thailand, and Turkey; Final Results of... circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from India, Thailand, and Turkey, pursuant to section 751(c..., Thailand, and Turkey. See Antidumping Duty Order; Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipes and Tubes from...

  1. 78 FR 72863 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-04

    ...-Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Order AGENCY... circular welded carbon-quality steel pipe (``circular welded pipe'') from the People's Republic of China...\\ See Initiation of Five-Year (``Sunset'') Review, 78 FR 33063 (June 3, 2013). \\2\\ See Circular Welded...

  2. 75 FR 82374 - Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review: Certain Circular Welded...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-30

    ... Antidumping Duty Changed Circumstances Review: Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico AGENCY... circular welded non-alloy steel pipe (circular welded pipe) from Mexico. DATES: Effective Date: December 30... on November 2, 1992. See Notice of Antidumping Duty Orders: Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel...

  3. INTERNAL REPAIR OF PIPELINES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Robin Gordon; Bill Bruce; Ian Harris

    2004-04-12

    The two broad categories of deposited weld metal repair and fiber-reinforced composite liner repair technologies were reviewed for potential application for internal repair of gas transmission pipelines. Both are used to some extent for other applications and could be further developed for internal, local, structural repair of gas transmission pipelines. Preliminary test programs were developed for both deposited weld metal repair and for fiber-reinforced composite liner repair. Evaluation trials have been conducted using a modified fiber-reinforced composite liner provided by RolaTube and pipe sections without liners. All pipe section specimens failed in areas of simulated damage. Pipe sections containing fiber-reinforcedmore » composite liners failed at pressures marginally greater than the pipe sections without liners. The next step is to evaluate a liner material with a modulus of elasticity approximately 95% of the modulus of elasticity for steel. Preliminary welding parameters were developed for deposited weld metal repair in preparation of the receipt of Pacific Gas & Electric's internal pipeline welding repair system (that was designed specifically for 559 mm (22 in.) diameter pipe) and the receipt of 559 mm (22 in.) pipe sections from Panhandle Eastern. The next steps are to transfer welding parameters to the PG&E system and to pressure test repaired pipe sections to failure. A survey of pipeline operators was conducted to better understand the needs and performance requirements of the natural gas transmission industry regarding internal repair. Completed surveys contained the following principal conclusions: (1) Use of internal weld repair is most attractive for river crossings, under other bodies of water, in difficult soil conditions, under highways, under congested intersections, and under railway crossings. (2) Internal pipe repair offers a strong potential advantage to the high cost of horizontal direct drilling (HDD) when a new bore must be created to solve a leak or other problem. (3) Typical travel distances can be divided into three distinct groups: up to 305 m (1,000 ft.); between 305 m and 610 m (1,000 ft. and 2,000 ft.); and beyond 914 m (3,000 ft.). All three groups require pig-based systems. A despooled umbilical system would suffice for the first two groups which represents 81% of survey respondents. The third group would require an onboard self-contained power unit for propulsion and welding/liner repair energy needs. (4) Pipe diameter sizes range from 50.8 mm (2 in.) through 1,219.2 mm (48 in.). The most common size range for 80% to 90% of operators surveyed is 508 mm to 762 mm (20 in. to 30 in.), with 95% using 558.8 mm (22 in.) pipe. An evaluation of potential repair methods clearly indicates that the project should continue to focus on the development of a repair process involving the use of GMAW welding and on the development of a repair process involving the use of fiber-reinforced composite liners.« less

  4. Inspecting Pipe Radiographically Through Asbestos Insulation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gianettino, David P.

    1994-01-01

    Welds between sections of insulated steampipe located and inspected radiographically. Unless need to repair defective weld, one avoids cost, time, and hazard of removing asbestos insulation. Enables inspectors to locate and evaluate nondestructively any weld in pipe system, without shutting down steam. Hidden weld joints first located by use of low-power fluoroscope, moved along pipe while technician observes fluoroscopic image. Low-energy x rays from fluoroscope penetrate insulation but not pipe. Weld bead appears in silhouette on fluoroscope screen. Technician then accurately marks weld sites on insulation for later inspection.

  5. 76 FR 21331 - Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and the People...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-15

    ...-807, A-570-814] Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and... butt-weld pipe fittings from Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and the People's Republic of China (PRC... duty orders on carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings from Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and the PRC...

  6. 76 FR 78614 - Welded ASTM A-312 Stainless Steel Pipe From South Korea and Taiwan: Continuation of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-19

    ... standards and specifications set forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for the... stainless steel flat-rolled products into a tubular configuration and welding along the seam. Welded ASTM A...

  7. Digital Radiography Using Digital Detector Arrays Fulfills Critical Applications for Offshore Pipelines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moreira, EdsonVasques; Barbosa Rabello, JoséMaurício; Pereira, MarcelodosSantos; Lopes, RicardoTadeu; Zscherpel, Uwe

    2010-12-01

    Digital radiography in the inspection of welded pipes to be installed under deep water offshore gas and oil pipelines, like a presalt in Brazil, in the paper has been investigated. The aim is to use digital radiography for nondestructive testing of welds as it is already in use in the medical, aerospace, security, automotive, and petrochemical sectors. Among the current options, the DDA (Digital Detector Array) is considered as one of the best solutions to replace industrial films, as well as to increase the sensitivity to reduce the inspection cycle time. This paper shows the results of this new technique, comparing it to radiography with industrial films systems. In this paper, 20 test specimens of longitudinal welded pipe joints, specially prepared with artificial defects like cracks, lack of fusion, lack of penetration, and porosities and slag inclusions with varying dimensions and in 06 different base metal wall thicknesses, were tested and a comparison of the techniques was made. These experiments verified the purposed rules for parameter definitions and selections to control the required digital radiographic image quality as described in the draft international standard ISO/DIS 10893-7. This draft is first standard establishing the parameters for digital radiography on weld seam of welded steel pipes for pressure purposes to be used on gas and oil pipelines.

  8. 46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

  9. 46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

  10. 46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

  11. 46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... nominal pipe size is 100 mm (4 in.) or less; (2) Socket weld, if the nominal pipe size is 50 mm (2 in.) or...

  12. 46 CFR 56.60-1 - Acceptable materials and specifications (replaces 123 and Table 126.1 in ASME B31.1).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Low temperature steel pipe Sec. VIII of the ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (5). Pipe, welded: A... only, fusion welded steel pipe ASME B31.1 (8). A 358 Electric fusion welded pipe, high temperature... Seamless and welded (no added filler metal) carbon and low alloy tubing for low temperature UCS23, Sec...

  13. 75 FR 20342 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-19

    ...-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review and Rescission of...- alloy steel pipe from Mexico. See Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico; Preliminary... remaining three respondents. See Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from Mexico: Notice of Partial...

  14. 76 FR 76939 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-09

    ... Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY... antidumping duty administrative review of certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey. The... carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey. See Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube from Turkey; Notice...

  15. 75 FR 27987 - Certain Welded Stainless Steel Pipes From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-19

    ... forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) for the welded form of chromium-nickel... configuration and welding along the seam. WSSP is a commodity product generally used as a conduit to transmit...

  16. Numerical simulation of X90 UOE pipe forming process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zou, Tianxia; Ren, Qiang; Peng, Yinghong; Li, Dayong; Tang, Ding; Han, Jianzeng; Li, Xinwen; Wang, Xiaoxiu

    2013-12-01

    The UOE process is an important technique to manufacture large-diameter welding pipes which are increasingly applied in oil pipelines and offshore platforms. The forming process of UOE mainly consists of five successive operations: crimping, U-forming, O-forming, welding and mechanical expansion, through which a blank is formed into a pipe in a UOE pipe mill. The blank with an appropriate edge bevel is bent into a cylindrical shape by crimping (C-forming), U-forming and O-forming successively. After the O-forming, there is an open-seam between two ends of the plate. Then, the blank is welded by automatic four-electrode submerged arc welding technique. Subsequently, the welded pipe is expanded with a mechanical expander to get a high precision circular shape. The multiple operations in the UOE mill make it difficult to control the quality of the formed pipe. Therefore, process design mainly relies on experience in practical production. In this study, the UOE forming of an API X90 pipe is studied by using finite element simulation. The mechanical properties tests are performed on the API X90 pipeline steel blank. A two-dimensional finite element model under the hypothesis of plane strain condition is developed to simulate the UOE process according to data coming from the workshop. A kinematic hardening model is used in the simulation to take the Bauschinger effect into account. The deformation characteristics of the blank during the forming processes are analyzed. The simulation results show a significant coherence in the geometric configurations comparing with the practical manufacturing.

  17. Effects of weld defects at root on rotating bending fatigue strength of small diameter socket welded pipe joints

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Higuchi, Makoto; Nakagawa, Akira; Chujo, Noriyuki

    1996-12-01

    Rotating bending fatigue tests were conducted on socket welded joints of a nominal diameter 20 mm, and effects of root defect and other various factors, including post-weld heat treatment (PWHT), pipe wall thickness, and socket wall thickness, were investigated. The socket joints exhibited, in the rotating bending fatigue mode, fatigue strengths that were markedly lower than the same 20 mm diameter joints in four-point bending fatigue. Also, where the latter specimens failed always at the toe, root-failures occurred in rotating bending fatigue. When PWHT`d, however, the fatigue strength showed a remarkable improvement, while the failure site reverted to toe. Thickermore » pipe walls and socket walls gave rise to higher fatigue strength. A formula relating the size of root defects to the fatigue strength reduction has been proposed.« less

  18. 76 FR 9608 - Certain Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Mexico

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-18

    ... Large Diameter Line Pipe From Mexico AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION... duty order on certain welded large diameter line pipe from Mexico. For further information concerning... welded large diameter line pipe from Mexico would not be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of...

  19. Gas Metal Arc Welding Parameters Effect on Properties of Tailored Orbital Weld of SS304 and BS1387

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ayof, M. N.; Hussein, N. I. S.; Noh, M. Z. Mohd

    2017-09-01

    Dissimilar material pipes in a power plant boiler water piping system are used to transmit water at various temperatures, either in extremely high temperature water or room temperature water. In this study, tailored orbital welding of dissimilar material of Stainless Steel (SS) 304 and British Steel (BS) 1387 were performed by Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) with automated fixed nozzle-rotational jig. This study focused on GMAW parameters variation effects on mechanical properties of SS304 and BS1387 dissimilar material tailored orbital welding. The weldment quality was tested by performing non-destructive dye penetrant test. The tensile strength and microhardness were studied to verify the influence of welding parameters variations. Design of Experiment (DOE) was employed to generate process parameter using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) method. Welding parameters that were arc current, arc voltage and travel speed as input response, whilst, tensile strength and microhardness as output response. Results from non-destructive test showed no major defect occurred. The tensile strength and microhardness increased when arc current and voltage increased and travel speed decreased. Microhardness at weldment was higher than base material.

  20. 46 CFR 154.528 - Piping joints: Flange type.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and Process Piping Systems § 154.528 Piping joints: Flange type. (a) A flange must be one of the following types: (1) Welding neck. (2) Slip-on. (3) Socket weld. (b) If the piping is designed for a... less; or (3) Welding neck. (c) If the piping is designed for a temperature lower than −55 °C (−67 °F...

  1. 78 FR 79665 - Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube Products From Turkey: Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-31

    ... Pipe and Tube Products From Turkey: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012... pipe and tube products (welded pipe and tube) from Turkey.\\1\\ The period of review (POR) is May 1, 2011... during the POR.\\2\\ \\1\\ See Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube Products from Turkey: Preliminary...

  2. 46 CFR 56.95-5 - Rights of access of marine inspectors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... includes manufacture, fabrication, assembly, erection, and testing of the piping or system components... requirements of § 56.95-1, including certified qualifications for welders, welding operators, and welding...

  3. Pipe weld crown removal device

    DOEpatents

    Sword, Charles K.; Sette, Primo J.

    1992-01-01

    A device is provided for grinding down the crown of a pipe weld joining aligned pipe sections so that the weld is substantially flush with the pipe sections joined by the weld. The device includes a cage assembly comprising a pair of spaced cage rings adapted to be mounted for rotation on the respective pipe sections on opposite sides of the weld, a plurality of grinding wheels, supported by the cage assembly for grinding down the crown of the weld, and a plurality of support shafts, each extending longitudinally along the joined pipe sections, parallel thereto, for individually mounting respective grinding wheels. Each end of the support shafts is mounted for rotation in a bearing assembly housed within a radially directed opening in a corresponding one of the cage rings so as to provide radial movement of the associated shaft, and thus of the associated grinding wheel, towards and away from the weld. A first drive sprocket provides rotation of the cage assembly around the pipe sections while a second drive unit, driven by a common motor, provides rotation of the grinding wheels.

  4. Trailing Shield For Welding On Pipes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Coby, John B., Jr.; Gangl, Kenneth J.

    1991-01-01

    Trailing shield ensures layer of inert gas covers hot, newly formed bead between two tubes or pipes joined by plasma arc welding. Inert gas protects weld bead from oxidation by air until cooler and less vulnerable to oxidation. Intended for use on nickel-base alloy pipes, on which weld beads remain hot enough to oxidize after primary inert-gas purge from welding-torch cup has passed.

  5. 77 FR 24459 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-24

    ... CR, of wrought austenitic stainless steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by the... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-475-828] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings (SSBW pipe...

  6. Control of Microstructures and the Practical Properties of API X80 Grade Heavy-Wall High-Frequency Electric Resistance-Welded Pipe with Excellent Low-Temperature Toughness

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Goto, Sota; Nakata, Hiroshi; Toyoda, Shunsuke; Okabe, Takatoshi; Inoue, Tomohiro

    2017-10-01

    This paper describes development of heavy-walled API X80 grade high-frequency electric resistance-welded (HFW) line pipes and conductor-casing pipes with wall thicknesses up to 20.6 mm. A fine bainitic-ferrite microstructure, which is preferable for low-temperature toughness, was obtained by optimizing the carbon content and applying the thermomechanical controlled hot-rolling process. As a result, the Charpy ductile-brittle transition temperature (DBTT) was well below 227 K (-46 °C) in the base metal of the HFW line pipe. When the controlled hot-rolling ratio (CR) was increased from 23 to 48 pct, the area average grain size decreased from 15 to 8 μm. The dependence of CTOD properties on CR was caused by the largest grain which is represented by the area average grain size. No texture development due to the increase of CR from 23 to 48 pct was observed. In addition, because controlled in-line heat treatment of the longitudinal weld seam also produced the fine bainitic-ferrite microstructure at the weld seam, DBTT was lower than 227 K (-46 °C) at the weld portion. The developed pipes showed good girth weldability without preheat treatment, and fracture in the tensile test initiated from the base metal in all cases.

  7. 78 FR 21105 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Preliminary Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011- 2012... on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand. This review covers two producers... welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand.\\1\\ The merchandise is classifiable under the...

  8. 75 FR 38989 - Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-07

    ... Pipe From Japan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... antidumping duty order on welded large diameter line pipe from Japan. The review covers 4 producers/exporters of welded large diameter line pipe from Japan, which are, JFE Steel Corporation, Nippon Steel...

  9. 24 CFR 3280.605 - Joints and connections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... watertight for the pressures required under testing procedures. (1) Assembling of pipe. All joints and... or welding sockets of each fitting. Pipe threads and slip joints shall not be wrapped with string...

  10. Welding and NDT development in support of Oman-India gas pipeline

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Even, T.M.; Laing, B.; Hirsch, D.

    1995-12-01

    The Oman to India gas pipeline is designed for a maximum water depth of 3,500 m. For such a pipeline, resistance to hydrostatic collapse is a critical factor and dictates that very heavy wall pipe be used, preliminarily 24 inch ID x 1.625 inch wall. Because of the water depth, much of the installation will be by J-Lay which requires that the Joint be welded and inspected in a single station. This paper describes the results of welding and NDT test programs conducted to determine the minimum time to perform these operations in heavy wall pipe.

  11. Alternative acceptance criteria of girth weld defects in cross country pipelines. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Denys, R.M.; Lefevre, T.

    1997-06-01

    The failure behaviour of defective girth welds in large diameter pipe lines was assessed using radiographic and mechanised ultrasonic inspection, small scale (tensile, hardness, Charpy and CTOD) and wide plate tests. The specimens were taken from girth welds in API 5LX70 pipe of 1219 mm (48 inches) in diameter by 8,0 mm (0,323 inch) and 13,3 mm (0,524 inch) wall. The test welds were made with the SMAW (8 welds) and GMAW (9 welds) welding processes. Upon completion of the non-destructive tests, 96 curved wide plate specimens were tested to destruction under tensile load. Testing was performed at low temperaturemore » (-50{degrees}C/-58{degrees}F). Defect type, defect position and size were determined from photographs of the fracture face and macro sections (defect characterisation and sizing). In total, 290 typical surface breaking and embedded defects in SMAW or GMAW girth welds have been evaluated. The vast majority of these defects were grossly out of tolerance with respect to current weld quality (workmanship) acceptance levels. To allow the defect tolerance to be determined, the failure strains and stresses were correlated with a defect length determined for an equivalent 3 mm (0, 118 inch) deep defect. This target depth was chosen to represent the average height of one weld pass. The results of this approach have been compared to wall thickness, current workmanship and the EPRG Tier 2 defect limit for planar defects. The defect lengths were derived for rectangular, parabolic and elliptical defect representations.« less

  12. 77 FR 37711 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-22

    ...)] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam...-fair-value imports from India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam of circular welded carbon... respect to circular welded carbon-quality steel pipe from Oman and the United Arab Emirates being sold in...

  13. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service... pipe, “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission...). ASTM A672—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure...

  14. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service... pipe, “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission...). ASTM A672—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure...

  15. 49 CFR Appendix B to Part 192 - Qualification of Pipe

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High Temperature Service... pipe, “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use with High-Pressure Transmission...). ASTM A672—Steel pipe, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure...

  16. 75 FR 2487 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Court Decision Not in Harmony with...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-15

    ... Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Court Decision Not in Harmony with Final Results of Administrative Review... welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand covering the period March 1, 2006 through February 28, 2007. Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

  17. 76 FR 31940 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Taiwan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-02

    ... Steel Pipe From Taiwan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... review of the antidumping duty order on circular welded non-alloy steel pipe from Taiwan. The period of... review of the antidumping duty order on circular welded non-alloy steel pipe from Taiwan. See Antidumping...

  18. 77 FR 30260 - Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-22

    ... Administration [A-588-857] Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty... Japan. The review covers five producers/exporters of welded large diameter line pipe from Japan, which... diameter line pipe from Japan for the period December 1, 2010, through November 30, 2011. See Antidumping...

  19. 78 FR 34340 - Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube Products From Turkey: Preliminary Results of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-07

    ... Pipe and Tube Products From Turkey: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011... tube products (welded pipe and tube) from Turkey.\\2\\ The period of review is May 1, 2011, to April 30... order. See Antidumping Duty Order; Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube Products from Turkey, 51...

  20. 78 FR 286 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Turkey; Amended Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-03

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Turkey; Amended Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2010 to... administrative review of the antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Turkey... Act). \\1\\ See Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Turkey; Final Results of Antidumping...

  1. 76 FR 78886 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Intent To Rescind Countervailing...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-20

    ... Standard Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Intent To Rescind Countervailing Duty Administrative Review, in Part... certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey. See Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order... Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe from Turkey,'' (October 27, 2011). A Type 3 entry is an entry of...

  2. 77 FR 6542 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-08

    ... Standard Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review...) order on certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey for the period of review (POR) of January... of Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe from Turkey,'' (October 27, 2011). We reviewed the...

  3. 75 FR 64250 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-19

    ... Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Final Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... administrative review of certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey. This review covers four producers... Administrative Review of Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube from Turkey: Selection of Respondents for...

  4. Heat Transfer Modeling of an Annular On-Line Spray Water Cooling Process for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Zejun; Han, Huiquan; Ren, Wei; Huang, Guangjie

    2015-01-01

    On-line spray water cooling (OSWC) of electric-resistance-welded (ERW) steel pipes can replace the conventional off-line heat treatment process and become an important and critical procedure. The OSWC process improves production efficiency, decreases costs, and enhances the mechanical properties of ERW steel pipe, especially the impact properties of the weld joint. In this paper, an annular OSWC process is investigated based on an experimental simulation platform that can obtain precise real-time measurements of the temperature of the pipe, the water pressure and flux, etc. The effects of the modes of annular spray water cooling and related cooling parameters on the mechanical properties of the pipe are investigated. The temperature evolutions of the inner and outer walls of the pipe are measured during the spray water cooling process, and the uniformity of mechanical properties along the circumferential and longitudinal directions is investigated. A heat transfer coefficient model of spray water cooling is developed based on measured temperature data in conjunction with simulation using the finite element method. Industrial tests prove the validity of the heat transfer model of a steel pipe undergoing spray water cooling. The research results can provide a basis for the industrial application of the OSWC process in the production of ERW steel pipes. PMID:26201073

  5. Heat Transfer Modeling of an Annular On-Line Spray Water Cooling Process for Electric-Resistance-Welded Steel Pipe.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zejun; Han, Huiquan; Ren, Wei; Huang, Guangjie

    2015-01-01

    On-line spray water cooling (OSWC) of electric-resistance-welded (ERW) steel pipes can replace the conventional off-line heat treatment process and become an important and critical procedure. The OSWC process improves production efficiency, decreases costs, and enhances the mechanical properties of ERW steel pipe, especially the impact properties of the weld joint. In this paper, an annular OSWC process is investigated based on an experimental simulation platform that can obtain precise real-time measurements of the temperature of the pipe, the water pressure and flux, etc. The effects of the modes of annular spray water cooling and related cooling parameters on the mechanical properties of the pipe are investigated. The temperature evolutions of the inner and outer walls of the pipe are measured during the spray water cooling process, and the uniformity of mechanical properties along the circumferential and longitudinal directions is investigated. A heat transfer coefficient model of spray water cooling is developed based on measured temperature data in conjunction with simulation using the finite element method. Industrial tests prove the validity of the heat transfer model of a steel pipe undergoing spray water cooling. The research results can provide a basis for the industrial application of the OSWC process in the production of ERW steel pipes.

  6. Effect of Pipe Body Alloy on Weldability of X80 Steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kong, Xianglei; Huang, Guojian; Fu, Kuijun; Liu, Fangfang; Huang, Minghao; Zhang, Yinghui

    Effect of Mo, Ni, and Cr on impact property of pipe seam and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of X80 steel was investigated by thermal simulation test and butt welding test. The results showed that, there was an obvious relationship between strip's composition and the toughness of weld and HAZ, the more content of Mo, Ni and less of Cr in the strip matrix, the better of impact toughness of weld and HAZ. Metallographic microscope was used to compare microstructures of welding specimens, every welded seam microstructure was mainly acicular ferrite (AF) and a little volume of proeutectoid ferrite (PF), and with some granular precipitations on original austenite grain boundary, the difference was that there were more PF and less precipitations of the specimen with more content of Mo, Ni and less of Cr in the strip matrix. Because of the high price of Mo and Ni, alloy design must be considered comprehensively with the cost and property requirements in the production.

  7. 78 FR 12784 - Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan; Scheduling of a Full Five-Year Review Concerning the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-25

    ... Diameter Line Pipe From Japan; Scheduling of a Full Five-Year Review Concerning the Antidumping Duty Order on Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission... revocation of the antidumping duty order on welded large diameter line pipe from Japan would be likely to...

  8. 46 CFR 57.05-3 - Limited space qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING WELDING AND BRAZING... welding or torch brazing of piping on board ship in a limited or restricted space, the space restrictions shown in connection with Figure 57.05-3(a) or (b) shall be used when welding and brazing the test joint...

  9. 78 FR 31574 - Welded Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam; Institution of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-24

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 731-TA-1210-1212 (Preliminary)] Welded Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam; Institution of Antidumping Duty..., by reason of imports from Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam of welded stainless steel pressure pipe...

  10. Characterization of bond line discontinuities in a high-Mn TWIP steel pipe welded by HF-ERW

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Park, Gitae; Kim, Bongyoon; Kang, Yongjoon

    In this work, the microstructure and defects in a high-frequency electrical resistance welded (HF-ERW) pipe of high-Mn twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) steel were characterized. The microstructure of the base metal and the bond line were examined using both optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The features of the bond line were similar to those of conventional steel. Simultaneously, the circumferential ductility was evaluated via a flaring test. It was concluded that the deterioration of the circumferential ductility in a high-Mn TWIP steel pipe was caused by irregular shaped oxide defects and a penetrator that had been formed during welding. Specifically, themore » penetrator, which is composed of MnO and Mn{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}, was found to be the most influential on the circumferential ductility of the welded pipe. The penetrator was analyzed using both an electron probe micro analyzer and transmission electron microscopy, and the formation sequence of the penetrator was evaluated. - Highlights: •This study focused on applying the HF-ERW process to the seam welding of expandable pipe using TWIP steels. •For improvement of the circumferential ductility, deterioration factors were characterized. •Penetrator which would mainly deteriorate the circumferential ductility consisted of round MnO and Mn{sub 2}SiO{sub 4}. •Metallurgical evidence of existing theory regarding the mechanism of defect formation during the HF-ERW was characterized.« less

  11. 76 FR 56395 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Extension of Time Limit for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-13

    ... Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Notice of Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of Antidumping Duty... antidumping order on certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey for the period May 1, 2009, through April 30, 2010. See Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey; Notice of Preliminary Results...

  12. Tool simplifies machining of pipe ends for precision welding

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Matus, S. T.

    1969-01-01

    Single tool prepares a pipe end for precision welding by simultaneously performing internal machining, end facing, and bevel cutting to specification standards. The machining operation requires only one milling adjustment, can be performed quickly, and produces the high quality pipe-end configurations required to ensure precision-welded joints.

  13. 24 CFR 3280.703 - Minimum standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .../ASME B1.20.1-1983. Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Nonferrous Pipe... 1997 revisions. Ferrous Pipe and Fittings Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded...

  14. 24 CFR 3280.703 - Minimum standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .../ASME B1.20.1-1983. Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Nonferrous Pipe... 1997 revisions. Ferrous Pipe and Fittings Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded...

  15. 24 CFR 3280.703 - Minimum standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .../ASME B1.20.1-1983. Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Nonferrous Pipe... 1997 revisions. Ferrous Pipe and Fittings Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded...

  16. 24 CFR 3280.703 - Minimum standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .../ASME B1.20.1-1983. Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Nonferrous Pipe... 1997 revisions. Ferrous Pipe and Fittings Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded...

  17. Reactor Materials Program - Baseline Material Property Handbook - Mechanical Properties of 1950's Vintage Stainless Steel Weldment Components, Task Number 89-23-A-1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stoner, K.J.

    1999-11-05

    The Process Water System (primary coolant) piping of the nuclear production reactors constructed in the 1950''s at Savannah River Site is comprised primarily of Type 304 stainless steel with Type 308 stainless steel weld filler. A program to measure the mechanical properties of archival PWS piping and weld materials (having approximately six years of service at temperatures between 25 and 100 degrees C) has been completed. The results from the mechanical testing has been synthesized to provide a mechanical properties database for structural analyses of the SRS piping.

  18. Numerical analysis of the heat transfer and fluid flow in the butt-fusion welding process

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoo, Jae Hyun; Choi, Sunwoong; Nam, Jaewook; Ahn, Kyung Hyun; Oh, Ju Seok

    2017-02-01

    Butt-fusion welding is an effective process for welding polymeric pipes. The process can be simplified into two stages. In heat soak stage, the pipe is heated using a hot plate contacted with one end of the pipe. In jointing stage, a pair of heated pipes is compressed against one another so that the melt regions become welded. In previous works, the jointing stage that is highly related to the welding quality was neglected. However, in this study, a finite element simulation is conducted including the jointing stage. The heat and momentum transfer are considered altogether. A new numerical scheme to describe the melt flow and pipe deformation for the butt-fusion welding process is introduced. High density polyethylene (HDPE) is used for the material. Flow via thermal expansion of the heat soak stage, and squeezing and fountain flow of the jointing stage are well reproduced. It is also observed that curling beads are formed and encounter the pipe body. The unique contribution of this study is its capability of directly observing the flow behaviors that occur during the jointing stage and relating them to welding quality.

  19. 78 FR 35253 - Welded Stainless Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-12

    ... same all over the world. It consists of slowly and carefully forming and welding high-end stainless... specifications. This merchandise includes, but is not limited to, the American Society for Testing and Materials...

  20. 77 FR 42697 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Continuation...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-20

    ...] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Continuation of.... International Trade Commission that revocation of the antidumping duty orders on stainless steel butt-weld pipe... from Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines.\\2\\ \\1\\ See Antidumping Duty Orders: Stainless Steel Butt...

  1. 77 FR 10773 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines; Scheduling of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-23

    ... Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines; Scheduling of Expedited Five-Year... orders on stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings from Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines would be... certificate of service. Determination.--The Commission has determined to exercise its authority to extend the...

  2. 77 FR 39735 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ... revocation of the antidumping duty orders on stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings From Italy, Malaysia... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 731-TA-865-867 (Second Review)] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines Determination On the basis of the...

  3. 75 FR 76025 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Japan, Korea, and Taiwan

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-07

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 731-TA-376 and 563-564 (Third Review)] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Japan, Korea, and Taiwan AGENCY: United States International... steel butt-weld pipe fittings from Japan, Korea, and Taiwan would be likely to lead to continuation or...

  4. The Effect of Ultrasonic Peening on Service Life of the Butt-Welded High-Temperature Steel Pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Daavari, Morteza; Vanini, Seyed Ali Sadough

    2015-09-01

    Residual stresses introduced by manufacturing processes such as casting, forming, machining, and welding have harmful effects on the mechanical behavior of the structures. In addition to the residual stresses, weld toe stress concentration can play a determining effect. There are several methods to improve the mechanical properties such as fatigue behavior of the welded structures. In this paper, the effects of ultrasonic peening on the fatigue life of the high-temperature seamless steel pipes, used in the petrochemical environment, have been investigated. These welded pipes are fatigued due to thermal and mechanical loads caused by the cycle of cooling, heating, and internal pressure fluctuations. Residual stress measurements, weld geometry estimation, electrochemical evaluations, and metallography investigations were done as supplementary examinations. Results showed that application of ultrasonic impact treatment has led to increased fatigue life, fatigue strength, and corrosion resistance of A106-B welded steel pipes in petrochemical corrosive environment.

  5. Welding High Strength Modern Line Pipe Steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Goodall, Graeme Robertson

    The effect of modern mechanized girth welding on high strength line pipe has been investigated. The single cycle grain coarsened heat affected zone in three grade 690 line pipe steels and a grade 550 steel has been simulated using a Gleeble thermo-mechanical simulator. The continuous cooling transformation diagrams applicable to the grain coarsened heat affected zone resulting from a range of heat inputs applicable to modern mechanized welding have been established by dilatometry and metallography. The coarse grained heat affected zone was found to transform to lath martensite, bainite, and granular bainite depending on the cooling rate. The impact toughness of the steels was measured using Charpy impact toughness and compared to the toughness of the grain coarsened heat affected zone corresponding to a welding thermal cycle. The ductile to brittle transition temperature was found to be lowest for the steel with the highest hardenability. The toughness resulting from three different thermal cycles including a novel interrupted intercritically reheated grain coarsened (NTR ICR GC HAZ) that can result from dual torch welding at fast travel speed and close torch spacing have been investigated. All of the thermally HAZ regions showed reduced toughness that was attributed to bainitic microstructure and large effective grain sizes. Continuous cooling transformation diagrams for five weld metal chemistries applicable to mechanized pulsed gas metal arc welding of modern high strength pipe steel (SMYS>550 MPa) have been constructed. Welds at heat inputs of 1.5 kJmm-1 and 0.5 kJmm-1 have been created for simulation and analysis. Dilatometric analysis was performed on weld metal specimens cut from single pass 1.5 kJmm-1 as deposited beads. The resulting microstructures were found to range from martensite to polygonal ferrite. There is excellent agreement between the simulated and as deposited weld metal regions. Toughness testing indicates improved energy absorption at -20 °C with increased cooling time.

  6. The structural significance of HAZ sigma phase formation in welded 25%Cr super duplex pipework

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wiesner, C.S.; Garwood, S.J.; Bowden, P.L.

    1993-12-31

    The welding of 25%Cr duplex stainless steel can lead to the formation of sigma phase in both weld metal and heat affected zone (HAZ) regions. It has generally been accepted that this can be avoided by the adoption of appropriate welding procedure controls, generally aimed at reducing heat input and promoting rapid cooling rates. However, experience during pipe spool fabrication for the Marathon East Brae Project has shown that it is extremely difficult to satisfy a welding specification requiring sigma free HAZs. This has proved a particular problem with thin wall pipe welds made in the 2G/5G or 6G fixedmore » positions, where the joint geometry reduces heat flow away from the weld and welding conditions tend to result in the use of higher heat inputs. This paper examines the effect of sigma phase on the fracture toughness of 25%Cr super duplex steel (UNS S32760). It is shown that the CTOD toughness at {minus}20 C decreases as soon as any sigma phase is present and continues to decrease with increasing sigma levels. The toughness of the sigmatized specimens produced by heat treatment was shown to be conservative compared to the toughness measured in the HAZ of 14.2mm and 7.1mm thick pipe weldments, made with welding parameters chosen to enhance HAZ sigma phase formation. Based on the CTOD versus percent sigma level relationship derived from the laboratory specimens, fracture assessment calculations of tolerable flaw sizes were performed. These demonstrated that under the severest design conditions, assuming the maximum flaw sizes which could remain undetected in the pipework, sigma levels up to 2.5% can be tolerated safely. The conservatism of the fracture assessments for predicting the performance of weldments was demonstrated by full scale tensile testing of 2 inch nominal bore x 2.77 mm wall thickness pipe butt welds containing through-thickness circumferential fatigue cracks located in the sigmatized HAZ.« less

  7. Automatic Welding System of Aluminum Pipe by Monitoring Backside Image of Molten Pool Using Vision Sensor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baskoro, Ario Sunar; Kabutomori, Masashi; Suga, Yasuo

    An automatic welding system using Tungsten Inert Gas (TIG) welding with vision sensor for welding of aluminum pipe was constructed. This research studies the intelligent welding process of aluminum alloy pipe 6063S-T5 in fixed position and moving welding torch with the AC welding machine. The monitoring system consists of a vision sensor using a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera to monitor backside image of molten pool. The captured image was processed to recognize the edge of molten pool by image processing algorithm. Neural network model for welding speed control were constructed to perform the process automatically. From the experimental results it shows the effectiveness of the control system confirmed by good detection of molten pool and sound weld of experimental result.

  8. Pipe penetration inspection and repair equipment

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Eckert, G.; Gebrath, D.; Schlusen, H.J.

    Kraftwerk Union (KWU) has developed an in-pipe inspection and repair equipment package for use on pipe welds inside drywell penetrations since these welds are susceptible to integranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) attack. The following paper does not give a detailed description of inspection and repair techniques (e.g., nondestructive examination (NDE), milling, or welding) but is aimed at providing information on recent developments at KWU with regard to in-pipe inspection and repair equipment.

  9. Design of cylindrical pipe automatic welding control system based on STM32

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Shuaishuai; Shen, Weicong

    2018-04-01

    The development of modern economy makes the demand for pipeline construction and construction rapidly increasing, and the pipeline welding has become an important link in pipeline construction. At present, there are still a large number of using of manual welding methods at home and abroad, and field pipe welding especially lacks miniature and portable automatic welding equipment. An automated welding system consists of a control system, which consisting of a lower computer control panel and a host computer operating interface, as well as automatic welding machine mechanisms and welding power systems in coordination with the control system. In this paper, a new control system of automatic pipe welding based on the control panel of the lower computer and the interface of the host computer is proposed, which has many advantages over the traditional automatic welding machine.

  10. 76 FR 67673 - Welded ASTM A-312 Stainless Steel Pipe From South Korea and Taiwan: Final Results of Expedited...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-02

    ... meets the standards and specifications set forth by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM... produced by forming stainless steel flat-rolled products into a tubular configuration and welding along the...

  11. Fatal carbon monoxide intoxication after acetylene gas welding of pipes.

    PubMed

    Antonsson, Ann-Beth; Christensson, Bengt; Berge, Johan; Sjögren, Bengt

    2013-06-01

    Acetylene gas welding of district heating pipes can result in exposure to high concentrations of carbon monoxide. A fatal case due to intoxication is described. Measurements of carbon monoxide revealed high levels when gas welding a pipe with closed ends. This fatality and these measurements highlight a new hazard, which must be promptly prevented.

  12. 77 FR 73674 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, The United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-11

    ...)] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, The United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam... welded carbon-quality steel pipe from India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, provided for in... from India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam were subsidized and/or dumped within the...

  13. 76 FR 78313 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-16

    ... (Preliminary)] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and... India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam of circular welded carbon- quality steel pipe... the Governments of India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam.\\2\\ \\1\\ The record is defined in...

  14. 77 FR 15718 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-16

    ...-811] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab... Oman (Oman), the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam (Vietnam). See Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and...

  15. 77 FR 2511 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-18

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-489-501] Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey covering the period May 1, 2010, through April 30...

  16. 76 FR 3083 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-489-501] Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey covering the period May 1, 2009, through April 30, 2010...

  17. 75 FR 3896 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube from Turkey: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-25

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-489-501] Certain Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube from Turkey: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... antidumping duty order on certain welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey covering the period May 1...

  18. Fatigue evaluation of socket welded piping in nuclear power plant

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vecchio, R.S.

    1996-12-01

    Fatigue failures in piping systems occur, almost without exception, at the welded connections. In nuclear power plant systems, such failures occur predominantly at the socket welds of small diameter piping ad fillet attachment welds under high-cycle vibratory conditions. Nearly all socket weld fatigue failures are identified by leaks which, though not high in volume, generally are costly due to attendant radiological contamination. Such fatigue cracking was recently identified in the 3/4 in. diameter recirculation and relief piping socket welds from the reactor coolant system (RCS) charging pumps at a nuclear power plant. Consequently, a fatigue evaluation was performed to determinemore » the cause of cracking and provide an acceptable repair. Socket weld fatigue life was evaluated using S-N type fatigue life curves for welded structures developed by AASHTO and the assessment of an effective cyclic stress range adjacent to each socket weld. Based on the calculated effective tress ranges and assignment of the socket weld details to the appropriate AASHTO S-N curves, the socket weld fatigue lives were calculated and found to be in excellent agreement with the accumulated cyclic life to-date.« less

  19. Double wall vacuum tubing and method of manufacture

    DOEpatents

    Stahl, Charles R.; Gibson, Michael A.; Knudsen, Christian W.

    1989-01-01

    An evacuated double wall tubing is shown together with a method for the manufacture of such tubing which includes providing a first pipe of predetermined larger diameter and a second pipe having an O.D. substantially smaller than the I.D. of the first pipe. An evacuation opening is then in the first pipe. The second pipe is inserted inside the first pipe with an annular space therebetween. The pipes are welded together at one end. A stretching tool is secured to the other end of the second pipe after welding. The second pipe is then prestressed mechanically with the stretching tool an amount sufficient to prevent substantial buckling of the second pipe under normal operating conditions of the double wall pipe. The other ends of the first pipe and the prestressed second pipe are welded together, preferably by explosion welding, without the introduction of mechanical spacers between the pipes. The annulus between the pipes is evacuated through the evacuation opening, and the evacuation opening is finally sealed. The first pipe is preferably of steel and the second pipe is preferably of titanium. The pipes may be of a size and wall thickness sufficient for the double wall pipe to be structurally load bearing or may be of a size and wall thickness insufficient for the double wall pipe to be structurally load bearing, and the double wall pipe positioned with a sliding fit inside a third pipe of a load-bearing size.

  20. Welding needs specified for X-80 offshore line pipe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Price, J.C.

    1993-12-20

    High-quality, defect-free welds can be deposited in API Grade 5L X-80 line pipe with pulsed gas-metal-arc welding (GMAW) and shielded metal-arc welding (SMAW) processes. The newly developed Grade X-80 combines higher yield-strength pipe with thinner walls to reduce fabrication costs and improve some projects' economics. Use of X-80 pipe can yield as much as 7.5% cost savings over construction with X-65 steel. Increased demand of natural gas has prompted development of large gas fields which will require large-diameter pipelines at higher operating pressures. API 5L X-80 line pipe could, therefore, become commonplace by the end of the decade if weldingmore » technology can be developed to match mechanical properties without affecting productivity. The paper discusses large-diameter projects, welding processes, GMAW shielding gas, SMAW filler wires, hardness and weldability, toughness and corrosion resistance, economics, and what's been learned.« less

  1. 75 FR 62366 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-08

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-583-008] Circular Welded Carbon Steel... antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Taiwan. See Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review: Circular Welded Carbon Steel [[Page 62367

  2. Tribological characterization of the drill pipe tool joints reconditioned by using welding technologies

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Caltaru, M.; Badicioiu, M.; Ripeanu, R. G.; Dinita, A.; Minescu, M.; Laudacescu, E.

    2018-01-01

    Drill pipe is a seamless steel pipe with upset ends fitted with special threaded ends that are known as tool joints. During drilling operations, the wall thickness of the drill pipe and the outside diameter of the tool joints will be gradually reduced due to wear. The present research work investigate the possibility of reconditioning the drill pipe tool joints by hardbanding with a new metal-cored coppered flux cored wire, Cr-Mo alloyed, using the gas metal active welding process, taking into considerations two different hardbanding technologies, consisting in: hardbanding drill pipe tool joints after removing the old hardbanding material and surface reconstruction with a compensation material (case A), and hardbanding tool joint drill pipe, without removing the old hardbanding material (case B). The present paper brings forward the experimental researches regarding the tribological characterization of the reconditioned drill pipe tool joint by performing macroscopic analyses, metallographic analyses, Vickers hardness measurement, chemical composition measurement and wear tests conducted on ball on disk friction couples, in order to certify the quality of the hardbanding obtained by different technological approaches, to validate the optimum technology.

  3. 76 FR 7151 - Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and the People...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-09

    ...-807, A-570-814] Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and..., Thailand, and the People's Republic of China (PRC), pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930... antidumping duty orders \\1\\ on carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings from Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and...

  4. Arc Welding-Pipe, 3-25. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    This instructor guide and text for a secondary-postsecondary level course in arc welding-pipe comprise one of a number of military-developed curriculum packages selected for adaptation to vocational instruction and curriculum development in a civilian setting. Purpose of the course is to teach students to weld 5-inch mild steel schedule 80 pipe,…

  5. 76 FR 38613 - Initiation of Five-Year (“Sunset”) Review

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-01

    .... Alloy Steel Pipe (3rd Review). A-580-809 731-TA-533 South Korea Circular Welded Non- David Goldberger, (202) 482-4136. Alloy Steel Pipe (3rd Review). A-489-501 731-TA-273 Turkey Welded Carbon Steel David Goldberger, (202) 482-4136. Pipe & Tube (3rd Review). C-489-502 701-TA-253 Turkey Welded Carbon Steel David...

  6. 77 FR 48965 - Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Court...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-15

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-814] Certain Carbon Steel Butt... scope of the Order \\1\\ as excluding carbon steel butt-weld pipe fittings from the People's Republic of... Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From the People's Republic of China, 57 FR 29702 (July 6, 1992...

  7. 76 FR 64900 - Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tube From Turkey: Final Results of Expedited Sunset Review of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-19

    ... Tube From Turkey: Final Results of Expedited Sunset Review of Countervailing Duty Order AGENCY: Import... welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey pursuant to section 751(c) of the Tariff Act of 1930, as... INFORMATION: Background The CVD order on welded carbon steel pipe and tube from Turkey was published in the...

  8. Explosive Forming of Butt Welded Pipe Reducers.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1979-04-01

    Ao—A 072 I3Q NAVAL ORDNANCE STATION LOUISVILLE KY F~ G 13/it EXPLOSIVE FORMING OF BIJTT WELDED PIPE REDUCERS. (U) APR 79 M W JO$*4SON UNCLASSIFIED...NOSL MT OS2 _ Eli _ _El [LII] DliB I I —~~~~~~~~~~ I 4 1 V S -. RB’ORT NO. M1052 AP~t 1919v-fl o~toswE FORMING (j~~c BUTI WELDED PIPE RE~~~ A PQWECT...MING BUTT WELDED PIPE REDUCERS A PROJECT OP THE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY PROGR AM NAVAL SEA SYST~~(S COMMA ND fiNAL REPORT NAVAL ORDNANCE STATION L

  9. The algorithm of verification of welding process for plastic pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rzasinski, R.

    2017-08-01

    The study analyzes the process of butt welding of PE pipes in terms of proper selection of connector parameters. The process was oriented to the elements performed as a series of types of pipes. Polymeric materials commonly referred to as polymers or plastics, synthetic materials are produced from oil products in the polyreaction compounds of low molecular weight, called monomers. During the polyreactions monomers combine to build a macromolecule material monomer named with the prefix poly polypropylene, polyethylene or polyurethane, creating particles in solid state on the order of 0,2 to 0,4 mm. Finished products from polymers of virtually any shape and size are obtained by compression molding, injection molding, extrusion, laminating, centrifugal casting, etc. Weld can only be a thermoplastic that softens at an elevated temperature, and thus can be connected via a clamp. Depending on the source and method of supplying heat include the following welding processes: welding contact, radiant welding, friction welding, dielectric welding, ultrasonic welding. The analysis will be welding contact. In connection with the development of new generation of polyethylene, and the production of pipes with increasing dimensions (diameter, wall thickness) is important to select the correct process.

  10. 78 FR 45271 - Welded Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-26

    ... Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam Determination On the basis of the record... reason of imports from Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam of welded stainless steel pressure pipe, provided... pipe from Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. Accordingly, effective May 16, 2013, the Commission...

  11. Procedures, considerations for welding X-80 line pipe established

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hillenbrand, H.G.; Niederhoff, K.A.; Hauck, G.

    1997-09-15

    The possibility of manufacturing and laying high-strength Grade X-80 (GRS 550) linepipe has been proven in large projects that have already been implemented. Two welding methods for pipeline construction are well established: manual deposition of root and hot passes with cellulosic electrodes and of filler and cap passes with basic vertical-down electrodes (combined-electrode welding) and mechanized-gas-metal arc welding (GMAW). This is also true for the welding consumables, which have been well-tuned to match the pipe material in strength. The pipe material is suitable for unrestricted use in onshore and offshore applications. The paper discusses higher grades, composition, weldability, welding methods,more » and economics.« less

  12. Heat Pipe and Thermal Energy Storage and Corrosion Studies (1988)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-06-01

    of air environment melting and end cap TIG welding [2]. Because of its severity, vacuum thermal cycling of the salt clad capsules between salt eutectic...melting of the salt under an inert gas atmosphere and welding of the specimen capsules by electron beam welding in contrast to previously used methods...electron beam welding . However, no ill effects were believed to have occurred on the overall testing program. Ultrapure fluoride salts LiF, MgF2, NaF

  13. 75 FR 63439 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipes and Tubes From India: Extension of the Final Results...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-15

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-502] Certain Welded Carbon Steel... or (202) 482-1690, respectively. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background On June 14, 2010, the... antidumping duty order on certain welded carbon steel standard pipes and tubes from India. See Certain Welded...

  14. 78 FR 10134 - Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan: Final Results of the Expedited Second Sunset Review...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-13

    ... Pipe From Japan: Final Results of the Expedited Second Sunset Review of the Antidumping Duty Order... antidumping duty order on welded large diameter line pipe (line pipe) from Japan pursuant to section 751(c) of... Department initiated the sunset review of the antidumping duty order on line pipe from Japan pursuant to...

  15. Socket welds in nuclear facilities

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Anderson, P.A.; Torres, L.L.

    1995-12-31

    Socket welds are easier and faster to make than are butt welds. However, they are often not used in nuclear facilities because the crevices between the pipes and the socket sleeves may be subject to crevice corrosion. If socket welds can be qualified for wider use in facilities that process nuclear materials, the radiation exposures to welders can be significantly reduced. The current tests at the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant (ICPP) are designed to determine if socket welds can be qualified for use in the waste processing system at a nuclear fuel processing plant.

  16. 75 FR 4529 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty New...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty New Shipper Review AGENCY: Import... Thailand. See Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Preliminary Results of... review under the antidumping duty order covering pipes and tubes from Thailand. See Preliminary Results...

  17. 76 FR 76944 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-09

    ... Zhongyuan Steel Pipe Manufacturer (``Hebei Zhongyuan''), Hefei Zijin Steel Tube Manufacturing Co., Ltd... Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of the 2010-2011 Antidumping Duty... antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon quality steel pipe (``CWP'') from the People's Republic of...

  18. 78 FR 9676 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-11

    ... Tube Manufacturing Co., Ltd.; Huludao City Steel Pipe Industrial; Jiangsu Changbao Steel Tube Co., Ltd... Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative... countervailing duty order on circular welded carbon quality steel pipe from the People's Republic of China (``PRC...

  19. 78 FR 5170 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-24

    ... Steel Tube Manufacturing Co., Ltd., Huludao City Steel Pipe Industrial, Jiangsu Changbao Steel Tube Co... Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative... of the antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon quality steel pipe from the People's Republic...

  20. 77 FR 36256 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Postponement of Final Determination of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-18

    ...-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Postponement of Final Determination of Antidumping Duty Investigation...- quality steel pipe from India.\\1\\ On June 1, 2012, the Department published its preliminary determination... is currently due on August 6, 2012. \\1\\ See Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe from India, the...

  1. 78 FR 60897 - Certain Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-02

    ... Diameter Line Pipe From Japan Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five... order on certain welded large diameter line pipe from Japan would likely to lead to continuation or... Line Pipe from Japan: Investigation No. 731-TA-919 (Second Review). By order of the Commission. Issued...

  2. Insights Gained from Ultrasonic Testing of Piping Welds Subjected to the Mechanical Stress Improvement Process

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Anderson, Michael T.; Cinson, Anthony D.; Crawford, Susan L.

    2010-12-01

    Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is assisting the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) in developing a position on the management of primary water stress corrosion cracking (PWSCC) in leak-before-break piping systems. Part of this involves determining whether inspections alone, or inspections plus mitigation, are needed. This work addresses the reliability of ultrasonic testing (UT) of cracks that have been mitigated by the mechanical stress improvement process (MSIP). The MSIP has been approved by the NRC (NUREG-0313) since 1986 and modifies residual stresses remaining after welding with compressive, or neutral, stresses near the inner diameter surface of the pipe. Thismore » compressive stress is thought to arrest existing cracks and inhibit new crack formation. To evaluate the effectiveness of the MSIP and the reliability of ultrasonic inspections, flaws were evaluated both before and after MSIP application. An initial investigation was based on data acquired from cracked areas in 325-mm-diameter piping at the Ignalina Nuclear Power Plant (INPP) in Lithuania. In a follow-on exercise, PNNL acquired and evaluated similar UT data from a dissimilar metal weld (DMW) specimen containing implanted thermal fatigue cracks. The DMW specimen is a carbon steel nozzle-to-safe end-to-stainless steel pipe section that simulates a pressurizer surge nozzle. The flaws were implanted in the nozzle-to-safe end Alloy 82/182 butter region. Results are presented on the effects of MSIP on specimen surfaces, and on UT flaw responses.« less

  3. 78 FR 62583 - Welded Stainless Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ... Pressure Pipe From Malaysia: Request for Extension of Preliminary Determination,'' ``Welded Stainless Steel... Stainless Pressure Pipe From Malaysia, Thailand, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Postponement of...: Charles Riggle (Malaysia), Brandon [[Page 62584

  4. Development of a pseudo phased array technique using EMATs for DM weld testing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cobb, Adam C., E-mail: adam.cobb@swri.org; Fisher, Jay L., E-mail: adam.cobb@swri.org; Shiokawa, Nobuyuki

    2015-03-31

    Ultrasonic inspection of dissimilar metal (DM) welds in piping with cast austenitic stainless steel (CASS) has been an area ongoing research for many years given its prevalence in the petrochemical and nuclear industries. A typical inspection strategy for pipe welds is to use an ultrasonic phased array system to scan the weld from a sensor located on the outer surface of the pipe. These inspection systems generally refract either longitudinal or shear vertical (SV) waves at varying angles to inspect the weld radially. In DM welds, however, the welding process can produce a columnar grain structure in the CASS materialmore » in a specific orientation. This columnar grain structure can skew ultrasonic waves away from their intended path, especially for SV and longitudinal wave modes. Studies have shown that inspection using the shear horizontal (SH) wave mode significantly reduces the effect of skewing. Electromagnetic acoustic transducers (EMATs) are known to be effective for producing SH waves in field settings. This paper presents an inspection strategy that seeks to reproduce the scanning and imaging capabilities of a commercial phase array system using EMATs. A custom-built EMAT was used to collect data at multiple propagation angles, and a processing strategy known as the synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT) was used to combine the data to produce an image. Results are shown using this pseudo phased array technique to inspect samples with a DM weld and artificial defects, demonstrating the potential of this approach in a laboratory setting. Recommendations for future work to transition the technique to the field are also provided.« less

  5. Study of Mechanical Properties and Characterization of Pipe Steel welded by Hybrid (Friction Stir Weld + Root Arc Weld) Approach

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lim, Yong Chae; Sanderson, Samuel; Mahoney, Murray

    Friction stir welding (FSW) has recently attracted attention as an alternative construction process for gas/oil transportation applications due to advantages compared to fusion welding techniques. A significant advantage is the ability of FSW to weld the entire or nearly the entire wall thickness in a single pass, while fusion welding requires multiple passes. However, when FSW is applied to a pipe or tube geometry, an internal back support anvil is required to resist the plunging forces exerted during FSW. Unfortunately, it may not be convenient or economical to use internal backing support due to limited access for some applications. Tomore » overcome this issue, ExxonMobil recently developed a new concept, combining root arc welding and FSW. That is, a root arc weld is made prior to FSW that supports the normal loads associated with FSW. In the present work, mechanical properties of a FSW + root arc welded pipe steel are reported including microstructure and microhardness.« less

  6. 77 FR 32539 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the United Arab Emirates: Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-01

    ... Investigations; Request for Comment, 73 FR 26371 (May 9, 2008). A. Targeted Dumping Test We conducted customer..., 2011, the Department initiated the antidumping duty investigations on certain steel pipe from India... the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Initiation of Antidumping Duty Investigations, 76 FR 72164...

  7. 75 FR 64696 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-20

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... Thailand. The review was requested by Allied Tube and Conduit Corporation (Allied Tube), by Wheatland Tube... antidumping duty order on pipes and tubes from Thailand. See Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from...

  8. 76 FR 27987 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Amended Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-13

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Amended Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review Pursuant... tubes from Thailand, which covered Saha Thai Steel Pipe (Public) Co., Ltd. (Saha Thai) and the period March 1, 2006, through February 28, 2007. See Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand...

  9. 75 FR 28557 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Extension of Time Limit for Final...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-21

    ... Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Extension of Time Limit for Final Results of Antidumping Duty... carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand. See Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Preliminary Results and Rescission, in Part, of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 75 FR...

  10. 76 FR 72173 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-22

    ...-552-810] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab... Steel Pipe from India, Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, dated October 26, 2011 (hereinafter... pipe from India, the Sultanate of Oman (``Oman''), the United Arab Emirates (``the UAE''), and the...

  11. Metallurgical causes for the occurrence of creep damage in longitudinally seam-welded Cr-Mo high-energy piping

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Gang

    A continuous occurrence of catastrophic failures, leaks and cracks of the Cr-Mo steam piping has created widespread utility concern for the integrity and serviceability of the seam-welded piping systems in power plants across USA. Cr-Mo steels are the materials widely used for elevated temperature service in fossil-fired generating stations. A large percentage of the power plant units with the Cr-Mo seam-welded steam piping have been in operation for a long duration such that the critical components of the units have been employed beyond the design life (30 or 40 years). This percentage will increase even more significantly in the near future. There is a strong desire to extend and thus there is a need to assess the remaining life of these units. Thus, understanding of the metallurgical causes for the failures and damage in the Cr-Mo seam-welded piping plays a major role in estimating possible life-extension and decision making on whether to operate, repair or replace. In this study, an optical metallographic method and a Cryo-Crack fractographic method have been developed for characterization and quantification of the damage in seam-welded steam piping. More than 500 metallographic assessments, from more than 25 power plants, have been accomplished using the optical metallographic method, and more than 200 fractographic specimens from 10 power plants have been evaluated using the "Cryo-Crack" fractographic technique. For comparison, "virgin" SA welds were fabricated using the Mohave welding procedure with re-N&T Mohave base metal with both "acid" and "basic" fluxes. The damage mechanism, damage distribution pattern, damage classification, correlation of the damage with the microstructural features of these SA welds and the impurity segregation patterns have been determined. A physical model for cavitation (leading to failure) in Cr-Mo SA weld metals and evaluation methodologies for high energy piping are proposed.

  12. Effect of Groove Design and Post-Weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of P91 Steel Weld

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pandey, C.; Mahapatra, M. M.

    2016-07-01

    The martensitic creep-resistant steel designated as ASTM A335 for plate and as P91 for pipe is primarily used for high-temperature and high-pressure applications in steam power plants due to its excellent high-temperature properties such as high creep strength, high thermal conductivity, low thermal expansion, and so on. However, in the case of welded joints of such steels, the presence of an inter-critical heat-affected zone (IC-HAZ) can cause the joint to have lower creep strength than the base metal. In the present study, the effect of post-welding heat treatment (PWHT) and weld groove designs on the overall microstructure and mechanical properties of P91 steel pipe welds produced by the gas tungsten arc welding process was studied. Various regions of welded joints were characterized in detail for hardness and metallographic and tensile properties. Sub-size tensile samples were also tested to evaluate the mechanical properties of the weld metal and heat-affected zone (HAZ) with respect to PWHT. After PWHT, a homogenous microstructure was observed in the HAZ and tensile test fracture samples revealed shifting of the fracture location from the IC-HAZ to the fine-grained heat-affected zone. Before PWHT, the conventional V-grooved welded joints exhibited higher tensile strength compared to the narrow-grooved joints. However, after PWHT, both narrow- and V-grooved joints exhibited similar strength. Fractography of the samples indicates the presence of carbide precipitates such as Cr23C6, VC, and NbC on the fracture surface.

  13. 49 CFR 192.227 - Qualification of welders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Welding of Steel in Pipelines § 192.227 Qualification... earlier edition. (b) A welder may qualify to perform welding on pipe to be operated at a pressure that... process to be used, under the test set forth in section I of Appendix C of this part. Each welder who is...

  14. Study on the residual stress relaxation in girth-welded steel pipes under bending load using diffraction methods

    DOE PAGES

    Hempel, Nico; Bunn, Jeffrey R.; Nitschke-Pagel, Thomas; ...

    2017-02-02

    This research is dedicated to the experimental investigation of the residual stress relaxation in girth-welded pipes due to quasi-static bending loads. Ferritic-pearlitic steel pipes are welded with two passes, resulting in a characteristic residual stress state with high tensile residual stresses at the weld root. Also, four-point bending is applied to generate axial load stress causing changes in the residual stress state. These are determined both on the outer and inner surfaces of the pipes, as well as in the pipe wall, using X-ray and neutron diffraction. Focusing on the effect of tensile load stress, it is revealed that notmore » only the tensile residual stresses are reduced due to exceeding the yield stress, but also the compressive residual stresses for equilibrium reasons. Furthermore, residual stress relaxation occurs both parallel and perpendicular to the applied load stress.« less

  15. Study on the residual stress relaxation in girth-welded steel pipes under bending load using diffraction methods

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hempel, Nico; Bunn, Jeffrey R.; Nitschke-Pagel, Thomas

    This research is dedicated to the experimental investigation of the residual stress relaxation in girth-welded pipes due to quasi-static bending loads. Ferritic-pearlitic steel pipes are welded with two passes, resulting in a characteristic residual stress state with high tensile residual stresses at the weld root. Also, four-point bending is applied to generate axial load stress causing changes in the residual stress state. These are determined both on the outer and inner surfaces of the pipes, as well as in the pipe wall, using X-ray and neutron diffraction. Focusing on the effect of tensile load stress, it is revealed that notmore » only the tensile residual stresses are reduced due to exceeding the yield stress, but also the compressive residual stresses for equilibrium reasons. Furthermore, residual stress relaxation occurs both parallel and perpendicular to the applied load stress.« less

  16. Optical measurements of flyer plate acceleration by emulsion explosive

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kubota, Shiro; Shimada, Hideki; Matsui, Kikuo; Ogata, Yuji; Seto, Masahiro; Masui, Akira; Wada, Yuji; Liu, Zhi-Yue; Itoh, Shigeru

    2001-04-01

    This paper presents the study on the application of explosive welding technique to the field of the urgent repair of the gas and water pipe networks. The essential parameters related to the explosive welding are scrutinized from the point of view of the minimizing the damage to the steel pipe after welded explosively with a flyer plate. The emulsion explosive is contained in a rectangular hard-paper box whose bottom is the flyer plate with 100 mm length, 25 mm width and 1.5 mm thickness. The flyer motions of the flyer plates accelerated by emulsion explosive are observed by high-speed photography from the side and front view of the flyer plate. The damage to the pipe by the flyer plate is discussed with the results of the observation of flyer motion and explosive welding test under various experimental conditions. Moreover, one way to control the motion of the flyer plate is proposed. We put a PMMA buffer block into the explosive. The flying process of flyer plate is calculated by the finite different scheme based on the ALE method. The effectiveness of this method is demonstrated by the experimental and numerical studies.

  17. 24 CFR 3280.604 - Materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch... Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes—ASTM B42-93. Standard Specification for General Requirements for...

  18. 24 CFR 3280.604 - Materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch... Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes—ASTM B42-93. Standard Specification for General Requirements for...

  19. 24 CFR 3280.604 - Materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch... Seamless Copper Pipe, Standard Sizes—ASTM B42-93. Standard Specification for General Requirements for...

  20. 77 FR 65712 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From Vietnam; Termination of Investigation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-30

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation No. 701-TA-485 (Final)] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From Vietnam; Termination of Investigation AGENCY: United States International Trade... carbon-quality steel pipe from Vietnam (investigation No. 701-TA-485 (Final)) is terminated. DATES...

  1. 49 CFR 179.400-18 - Test of inner tank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... hazard involved. After a hydrostatic test the container and piping must be emptied of all water and purged of all water vapor. (b) Caulking of welded joints to stop leaks developed during the test is...

  2. 49 CFR 195.3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ....106(e). (2) ASTM A106/A106M-08, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High... 2005), “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission..., “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate...

  3. 49 CFR 195.3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ....106(e). (2) ASTM A106/A106M-08, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High... 2005), “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission..., “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate...

  4. 49 CFR 195.3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ....106(e). (2) ASTM A106/A106M-08, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High... 2005), “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission..., “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate...

  5. 49 CFR 195.3 - Incorporation by reference.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ....106(e). (2) ASTM A106/A106M-08, “Standard Specification for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High... 2005), “Standard Specification for Metal-Arc-Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission..., “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service at Moderate...

  6. 75 FR 36635 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-28

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... tubes from Thailand. See Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation... the antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand for the...

  7. 24 CFR 3280.703 - Minimum standards.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Standard Specification for Electric-Resistance-Welded Coiled Steel Tubing for Gas and Fuel Oil Lines—ASTM A539-1999. Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)—ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983. Welding and Seamless Wrought...

  8. 76 FR 67146 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy; Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-31

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-475-828] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld... antidumping duty order on stainless steel butt-weld pipe fittings from Italy in the Federal Register. See... preliminary results of this review within the original time frame because it needs to obtain additional...

  9. 73rd American Welding Society annual meeting

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    1992-01-01

    The volume includes the abstracts of papers presented at the 73rd American Welding Society Annual Meeting. Detailed summaries are given for 118 technical sessions papers discussing computer and control applications in welding, stainless steel, nickel and nickel alloys, weld metal microstructure, shipbuilding, consumables, structural welding, investigations in arc welding and cutting, arc welding processes, weldability testing, piping and tubing, high energy beam welding processes, welding metallurgy of structural steels, new applications, weld metal behavior, NDT certification, aluminum welding, submerged arc welding, modeling studies, resistance welding, friction welding, and safety and health. The 23rd International AWS Brazing and Soldering Conference wasmore » also held during this meeting. The topics presented in 24 papers included recent developments in soldering technology, brazing of stainless steel, brazing of ceramics and nickel material, filler metal developments for torch brazing, and developments in diffusion and induction brazing.« less

  10. 76 FR 19788 - Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-08

    ...)] Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand Determinations On... fittings from Brazil, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand would be likely to lead to continuation or... Pipe Fittings from Brazil, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand: Investigation Nos. 731-TA-308-310 and...

  11. 75 FR 73033 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Amended Final Results of Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-29

    ... Pipes and Tubes from Thailand: Amended Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY... Thailand, covering the period March 1, 2008 through February 28, 2009. The final results were subsequently... Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

  12. 76 FR 63902 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-14

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... Department of Commerce (the Department) published the preliminary results of the administrative review of the antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Taiwan. See Preliminary Results of...

  13. 76 FR 68208 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-03

    ... (Preliminary)] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam... carbon-quality steel pipe from India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam, provided for in... Governments of India, Oman, United Arab Emirates, and Vietnam. Unless the Department of Commerce extends the...

  14. 77 FR 72818 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Turkey; Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-06

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Turkey; Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2010 to 2011... tubes from Turkey.\\1\\ This review covers four producers and exporters of subject merchandise: Borusan....'' \\1\\ See Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Turkey: Notice of Preliminary Results of...

  15. Assessment of NDE Methods to Detect Lack of Fusion in HDPE Butt Fusion Joints

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Crawford, Susan L.; Doctor, Steven R.; Cinson, Anthony D.

    2011-07-31

    Studies at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, Washington, were conducted to evaluate nondestructive examinations (NDE) coupled with mechanical testing of butt fusion joints in high-density polyethylene (HDPE) pipe for assessing lack of fusion. The work provided information to the United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) on the effectiveness of volumetric inspection techniques of HDPE butt fusion joints in Section III, Division 1, Class 3, buried piping systems in nuclear power plants. This paper describes results from assessments using ultrasonic and microwave nondestructive techniques and mechanical testing with the high-speed tensile impact test and the side-bend test formore » determining joint integrity. A series of butt joints were fabricated in 3408, 12-inch (30.5-cm) IPS DR-11 HDPE material by varying the fusion parameters to create good joints and joints containing a range of lack-of-fusion conditions. Six of these butt joints were volumetrically examined with time-of-flight diffraction (TOFD), phased-array (PA) ultrasound, and the Evisive microwave system. The outer diameter (OD) weld beads were removed for microwave evaluation and the pipes ultrasonically re-evaluated. In two of the six pipes, both the outer and inner diameter (ID) weld beads were removed and the pipe joints re-evaluated. Some of the pipes were sectioned and the joints destructively evaluated with the high-speed tensile test and the side-bend test. The fusion parameters, nondestructive and destructive evaluation results have been correlated to validate the effectiveness of what each NDE technology detects and what each does not detect. There was no single NDE method that detected all of the lack-of-fusion flaws but a combination of NDE methods did detect most of the flaws.« less

  16. Effects of weld residual stresses on crack-opening area analysis of pipes for LBB applications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Dong, P.; Rahman, S.; Wilkowski, G.

    1997-04-01

    This paper summarizes four different studies undertaken to evaluate the effects of weld residual stresses on the crack-opening behavior of a circumferential through-wall crack in the center of a girth weld. The effect of weld residual stress on the crack-opening-area and leak-rate analyses of a pipe is not well understood. There are no simple analyses to account for these effects, and, therefore, they are frequently neglected. The four studies involved the following efforts: (1) Full-field thermoplastic finite element residual stress analyses of a crack in the center of a girth weld, (2) A comparison of the crack-opening displacements from amore » full-field thermoplastic residual stress analysis with a crack-face pressure elastic stress analysis to determine the residual stress effects on the crack-opening displacement, (3) The effects of hydrostatic testing on the residual stresses and the resulting crack-opening displacement, and (4) The effect of residual stresses on crack-opening displacement with different normal operating stresses.« less

  17. 77 FR 14002 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Final Results...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-08

    ... steel fittings of seamless and welded construction covered by the latest revision of ANSI B16.9, ANSI...] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines: Final Results of the... Commerce (the Department) initiated sunset reviews of the antidumping duty orders on stainless steel butt...

  18. 75 FR 1335 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Taiwan; Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-11

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-583-008] Circular Welded Carbon Steel... review of the antidumping duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Taiwan.\\1\\ On... review within the original time frame because we require additional time to obtain information from the...

  19. The effects of welded joint characteristics on its properties in HDPE thermal fusion welding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dai, Hongbin; Peng, Jun

    2017-05-01

    In this paper, PE100 pipes with the diameter of 200 mm and the thickness of 11.9 mm were used as material. The welded joints were obtained in different welding pressures with the optimal welding temperature of 220∘C. Reheating process on the welded joints with the temperature of 130∘C was carried out. The joints exhibited X-type, and the cause of X-type joints was discussed. The temperature field in the forming process of welded joints was measured, and tensile and bending tests on welded joints were carried out. The fracture surface of welded joints was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and crystallinity calculation was taken by X-ray diffraction (XRD). The mechanism of X-type weld profile effects on welded joints properties was analyzed. It was concluded that the mechanical properties of welded joints decrease with the reduced X distance between lines.

  20. 77 FR 39736 - Certain Circular Welded Pipe and Tube From Brazil, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ..., Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey Determinations On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five... circular welded pipe and tube from Brazil, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey would be... Pipe and Tube from Brazil, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey: Investigation Nos. 701...

  1. 78 FR 65272 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-31

    ... Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review; 2011-2012 AGENCY... and tubes from Thailand. This review covers two producers and/or exporters of the subject merchandise... duty order on circular welded carbon steel pipes and tubes from Thailand.\\1\\ We invited interested...

  2. 75 FR 44763 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico; Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-29

    ...-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico; Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... review of the antidumping duty order on certain circular welded non- alloy steel pipe from Mexico. We... preliminary results of this review within the original time frame because we require additional time with...

  3. 77 FR 32552 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-01

    ... obtain separate-rate status in non-market economy (NME) investigations such as this investigation.\\3\\ \\2... Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from Brazil, Mexico, the Republic of Korea, and Taiwan; and Certain Circular... Steel Pipe from the People's Republic of China, 73 FR 31970 (June 5, 2008), and accompanying Issues and...

  4. PARENT Quick Blind Round-Robin Test Report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Braatz, Brett G.; Heasler, Patrick G.; Meyer, Ryan M.

    The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has established the Program to Assess the Reliability of Emerging Nondestructive Techniques (PARENT) whose goal is to investigate the effectiveness of current and novel nondestructive examination procedures and techniques to find flaws in nickel-alloy welds and base materials. This is to be done by conducting a series of open and blind international round-robin tests on a set of piping components that include large-bore dissimilar metal welds, small-bore dissimilar metal welds, and bottom-mounted instrumentation penetration welds. The blind testing is being conducted in two segments, one is called Quick-Blind and the other is called Blind. Themore » Quick-Blind testing and destructive analysis of the test blocks has been completed. This report describes the four Quick-Blind test blocks used, summarizes their destructive analysis, gives an overview of the nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques applied, provides an analysis inspection data, and presents the conclusions drawn.« less

  5. WELDING METHOD

    DOEpatents

    Cornell, A.A.; Dunbar, J.V.; Ruffner, J.H.

    1959-09-29

    A semi-automatic method is described for the weld joining of pipes and fittings which utilizes the inert gasshielded consumable electrode electric arc welding technique, comprising laying down the root pass at a first peripheral velocity and thereafter laying down the filler passes over the root pass necessary to complete the weld by revolving the pipes and fittings at a second peripheral velocity different from the first peripheral velocity, maintaining the welding head in a fixed position as to the specific direction of revolution, while the longitudinal axis of the welding head is disposed angularly in the direction of revolution at amounts between twenty minutas and about four degrees from the first position.

  6. 49 CFR 192.7 - What documents are incorporated by reference partly or wholly in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service” (July 15, 2008) §§ 192.113; Item I... Metal-Arc Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission Systems” (October 1, 2005) §§ 192...) ASTM A672-08, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service...

  7. 49 CFR 192.7 - What documents are incorporated by reference partly or wholly in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service” (July 15, 2008) §§ 192.113; Item I... Metal-Arc Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission Systems” (October 1, 2005) §§ 192...) ASTM A672-08, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service...

  8. 49 CFR 192.7 - What documents are incorporated by reference partly or wholly in this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... for Seamless Carbon Steel Pipe for High-Temperature Service” (July 15, 2008) §§ 192.113; Item I... Metal-Arc Welded Steel Pipe for Use With High-Pressure Transmission Systems” (October 1, 2005) §§ 192...) ASTM A672-08, “Standard Specification for Electric-Fusion-Welded Steel Pipe for High-Pressure Service...

  9. 75 FR 13729 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from the Republic of Korea: Extension of Time Limit for the...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-23

    ... Steel Pipe from the Republic of Korea: Extension of Time Limit for the Final Results and Rescission in Part of the Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade... Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from the Republic of Korea: Preliminary Results and Rescission in Part of the...

  10. Sodium Heat Pipe Module Processing For the SAFE-100 Reactor Concept

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Martin, James; Salvail, Pat

    2003-01-01

    To support development and hardware-based testing of various space reactor concepts, the Early Flight Fission-Test Facility (EFF-TF) team established a specialized glove box unit with ancillary systems to handle/process alkali metals. Recently, these systems have been commissioned with sodium supporting the fill of stainless steel heat pipe modules for use with a 100 kW thermal heat pipe reactor design. As part of this effort, procedures were developed and refined to govern each segment of the process covering: fill, leak check, vacuum processing, weld closeout, and final "wet in". A series of 316 stainless steel modules, used as precursors to the actual 321 stainless steel modules, were filled with 35 +/- 1 grams of sodium using a known volume canister to control the dispensed mass. Each module was leak checked to less than10(exp -10) std cc/sec helium and vacuum conditioned at 250 C to assist in the removal of trapped gases. A welding procedure was developed to close out the fill stem preventing external gases from entering the evacuated module. Finally the completed modules were vacuum fired at 750 C allowing the sodium to fully wet the internal surface and wick structure of the heat pipe module.

  11. Sodium Heat Pipe Module Processing For the SAFE-100 Reactor Concept

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Martin, James; Salvail, Pat

    2004-02-01

    To support development and hardware-based testing of various space reactor concepts, the Early Flight Fission-Test Facility (EFF-TF) team established a specialized glove box unit with ancillary systems to handle/process alkali metals. Recently, these systems have been commissioned with sodium supporting the fill of stainless steel heat pipe modules for use with a 100 kW thermal heat pipe reactor design. As part of this effort, procedures were developed and refined to govern each segment of the process covering: fill, leak check, vacuum processing, weld closeout, and final ``wet in''. A series of 316 stainless steel modules, used as precursors to the actual 321 stainless steel modules, were filled with 35 +/-1 grams of sodium using a known volume canister to control the dispensed mass. Each module was leak checked to <10-10 std cc/sec helium and vacuum conditioned at 250 °C to assist in the removal of trapped gases. A welding procedure was developed to close out the fill stem preventing external gases from entering the evacuated module. Finally the completed modules were vacuum fired at 750 °C allowing the sodium to fully wet the internal surface and wick structure of the heat pipe module.

  12. Welding at the Kennedy Space Center.

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clautice, W. E.

    1973-01-01

    Brief description of the nature of the mechanical equipment at a space launch complex from a welding viewpoint. including an identification of the major welding applications used in the construction of this complex. The role played by welding in the ground support equipment is noted, including the welded structures and systems required in the vehicle assembly building, the mobile launchers, transporters, mobile service structure, launch pad and launch site, the propellants system, the pneumatics system, and the environmental control system. The welding processes used at the Kennedy Space Center are reviewed, and a particularly detailed account is given of the design and fabrication of the liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen storage spheres and piping. Finally, the various methods of testing and inspecting the storage spheres are cited.

  13. Influence of the Strength Mismatch of a Narrow Gap Welded Joint of SA508 on the Plastic η Factor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koo, J. M.; Huh, Y.; Seok, C. S.

    2012-11-01

    In this article, the influence of the strength mismatch of a narrow gap welded joint of SA508 on the η factor was evaluated. The η factor is the principal parameter that determines the plastic portion of the J-integral. The specimens for tensile and hardness tests were collected from piping with narrow gap welding and the stress-strain curve and hardness were obtained from those. From these results, the Ramberg-Osgood (R-O) constant was obtained. Also, the finite element analysis was performed with variations in the strength mismatch and the weld width. The η factor equation considering the strength mismatch and the weld width of a narrow gap welded joint was suggested.

  14. 76 FR 50173 - Drill Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Initiation of Anti-circumvention Inquiry

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-12

    ... that the friction welding of the pipe to the tool joint occurs in the UAE instead of the PRC. The... merchandise before the assembly performed by Almansoori/Hilong in the UAE, which consists of friction welding... Petitioners argue that for the purposes of section 781(b)(1)(C) of the Act, the process of friction welding...

  15. Vibrational fatigue failures in short cantilevered piping with socket-welding fittings

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Smith, J.K.

    1996-12-01

    Approximately 80% of the vibrational fatigue failures in nuclear power plants have been caused by high cycle vibrational fatigue. Many of these failures have occurred in short, small bore (2 in. nominal diameter and smaller), unbraced, cantilevered piping with socket-welding fittings. The fatigue failures initiated in the socket welds. These failures have been unexpected, and have caused costly, unscheduled outages in some cases. In order to reduce the number of vibrational fatigue failures in these short cantilevered pipes, an acceleration based vibrational fatigue screening criteria was developed under Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) sponsorship. In this paper, the acceleration basedmore » criteria will be compared to the results obtained from detailed dynamic modeling of a short, cantilevered pipe.« less

  16. 77 FR 2318 - Certain Circular Welded Pipe and Tube From Brazil, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-17

    ..., Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey; Scheduling of Full Five-Year Reviews AGENCY: United States International... Turkey, the antidumping duty orders on welded carbon steel pipe and tube from India, Thailand, and Turkey...

  17. Looking north at uing press of the submerged arc weld ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Looking north at u-ing press of the submerged arc weld (saw) line of the main pipe mill building, bay 7. - U.S. Steel National Tube Works, Main Pipe Mill Building, Along Monongahela River, McKeesport, Allegheny County, PA

  18. Northern view of inside diameter welding station of the saw ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    Northern view of inside diameter welding station of the saw line in bay9 of the main pipe mill building. - U.S. Steel National Tube Works, Main Pipe Mill Building, Along Monongahela River, McKeesport, Allegheny County, PA

  19. Experimental and numerical analysis on aluminum/steel pipe using magnetic pulse welding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shim, J. Y.; Kim, I. S.; Lee, K. J.; Kang, B. Y.

    2011-12-01

    Recently, there has been a trend in the automotive industry to focus on the improvement of lightweight materials, such as aluminum and magnesium because the welding of dissimilar metals causes many welding defects. Magnetic pulse welding (MPW), one of the solid state welding technologies, uses electromagnetic force from current discharged through a working coil which develops a repulsive force between the induced currents flowing parallel and in the opposite direction in the tube to be welded. The objective of this paper is to develop a numerical model for analysis of the interaction between the outer pipe and the working coil using a finite element method (FEM) in the MPW process. Four Maxwell equations are solved using a general electromagnetic mechanics computer program, ANSYS/EMAG code. Experiments were also carried out with a W-MPW60 machine manufactured by WELMATE CO., LTD. with the Al1070 and SM45C for Al pipe and steel bar respectively. The calculated and measured results were compared to verify the proposed model.

  20. Research on Ultrasonic Flaw Detection of Steel Weld in Spatial Grid Structure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Du, Tao; Sun, Jiandong; Fu, Shengguang; Zhang, Changquan; Gao, Qing

    2017-06-01

    The welding quality of spatial grid member is an important link in quality control of steel structure. The paper analyzed the reasons that the welding seam of small-bore pipe with thin wall grid structure is difficult to be detected by ultrasonic wave from the theoretical and practical aspects. A series of feasible detection methods was also proposed by improving probe and operation approaches in this paper, and the detection methods were verified by project cases. Over the years, the spatial grid structure is widely used the engineering by virtue of its several outstanding characteristics such as reasonable structure type, standard member, excellent space integrity and quick installation. The wide application of spatial grid structure brings higher requirements on nondestructive test of grid structure. The implementation of new Code for Construction Quality Acceptance of Steel Structure Work GB50205-2001 strengthens the site inspection of steel structure, especially the site inspection of ultrasonic flaw detection in steel weld. The detection for spatial grid member structured by small-bore and thin-walled pipes is difficult due to the irregular influence of sound pressure in near-field region of sound field, sound beam diffusion generated by small bore pipe and reduction of sensitivity. Therefore, it is quite significant to select correct detecting conditions. The spatial grid structure of welding ball and bolt ball is statically determinate structure with high-order axial force which is connected by member bars and joints. It is welded by shrouding or conehead of member bars and of member bar and bolt-node sphere. It is obvious that to ensure the quality of these welding positions is critical to the quality of overall grid structure. However, the complexity of weld structure and limitation of ultrasonic detection method cause many difficulties in detection. No satisfactory results will be obtained by the conventional detection technology, so some special approaches must be used.

  1. Using Phased Array Ultrasonic Testing in Lieu of Radiography for Acceptance of Carbon Steel Piping Welds

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Moran, Traci L.; Anderson, Michael T.; Cinson, Anthony D.

    2014-08-01

    The Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is conducting studies for the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) to assess the capability, effectiveness, and reliability of ultrasonic testing (UT) as a replacement method for radiographic testing (RT) for volumetric examination of nuclear power plant (NPP) components. This particular study focused on evaluating the use of UT on carbon steel plate welds. Welding fabrication flaws included a combination of planar and volumetric types, e.g., incomplete fusion, lack of penetration, cracks, porosity, and slag inclusions. The examinations were conducted using phased-array (PA) UT techniques applied primarily for detection and flaw type characterization. This papermore » will discuss the results of using UT in lieu of RT for detection and classification of fabrication flaws in carbon steel plate welds.« less

  2. General view of outside diameter welding stations of the saw ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    General view of outside diameter welding stations of the saw line in bay 8 of the main pipe mill building looking northwest. - U.S. Steel National Tube Works, Main Pipe Mill Building, Along Monongahela River, McKeesport, Allegheny County, PA

  3. Pipeline welding goes mechanized

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Beeson, R.

    1999-11-01

    Spread four has bugs in the cornfield--but not to worry. The bug referred to here is a mechanized welding bug, specifically a single welding head, computer-aided gas metal arc (GMAW) system from CRC-Evans Automatic Welding powered by a Miller Electric XMT{reg{underscore}sign} 304 inverter-based welding machine. The bug operator and owner of 32 inverters is Welded Construction, L.P., of Perrysburgh, Ohio. Spread four is a 147-mile stretch of the Alliance Pipeline system (Alliance) cutting through the cornfields of northeast Iowa. While used successfully in Canada and Europe for onshore and offshore pipeline construction for 30 years, this is the first large-scalemore » use of mechanized welding in the US on a cross-country pipeline. On longer, larger-diameter and thicker-wall pipe projects--the Alliance mainline has 1,844 miles of pipe, most of it 36-in. diameter with a 0.622-in. wall thickness--mechanized GMAW offers better productivity than manual shielded metal arc welding (SMAW). In addition, high-strength steels, such as the API 5L Grade X70 pipe used on the Alliance, benefit from the low-hydrogen content of certain solid and tubular wire electrodes.« less

  4. Simulation of a manual electric-arc welding in a working gas pipeline. 2. Numerical investigation of the temperature-stress distribution in the wall of a gas pipe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baikov, V. I.; Gishkelyuk, I. A.; Rus', A. M.; Sidorovich, T. V.; Tonkonogov, B. A.

    2010-11-01

    A numerical simulation of the action of the current experienced by an electric arc and the rate of gas flow in a pipe of a cross-country gas pipeline on the depth of penetration of the electric arc into the wall of this pipe and on the current and residual stresses arising in the pipe material in the process of electric-arc welding of nonthrough cavity-like defects in it has been carried out for gas pipes with walls of different thickness.

  5. 46 CFR 56.30-10 - Flanged joints (modifies 104.5.1(a)).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ...-10 (b), Method 8. Welding neck flanges may be used on any piping provided the flanges are butt-welded..., refer to 46 CFR 56.30-5(b) for requirements. (9) Figure 56.30-10 (b), Method 9. Welding neck flanges may.... ER16DE08.002 Note to Fig. 56.30-10(b): “T” is the nominal pipe wall thickness used. Consult the text of...

  6. Corrective Action Plan for Corrective Action Unit 563: Septic Systems, Nevada Test Site, Nevada

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NSTec Environmental Restoration

    This Corrective Action Plan (CAP) has been prepared for Corrective Action Unit (CAU) 563, Septic Systems, in accordance with the Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order. CAU 563 consists of four Corrective Action Sites (CASs) located in Areas 3 and 12 of the Nevada Test Site. CAU 563 consists of the following CASs: CAS 03-04-02, Area 3 Subdock Septic Tank CAS 03-59-05, Area 3 Subdock Cesspool CAS 12-59-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Septic Tanks CAS 12-60-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Outfalls Site characterization activities were performed in 2007, and the results are presented in Appendix A of the CAU 563 Corrective Action Decision Document.more » The scope of work required to implement the recommended closure alternatives is summarized below. CAS 03-04-02, Area 3 Subdock Septic Tank, contains no contaminants of concern (COCs) above action levels. No further action is required for this site; however, as a best management practice (BMP), all aboveground features (e.g., riser pipes and bumper posts) will be removed, the septic tank will be removed, and all open pipe ends will be sealed with grout. CAS 03-59-05, Area 3 Subdock Cesspool, contains no COCs above action levels. No further action is required for this site; however, as a BMP, all aboveground features (e.g., riser pipes and bumper posts) will be removed, the cesspool will be abandoned by filling it with sand or native soil, and all open pipe ends will be sealed with grout. CAS 12-59-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Septic Tanks, will be clean closed by excavating approximately 4 cubic yards (yd3) of arsenic- and chromium-impacted soil. In addition, as a BMP, the liquid in the South Tank will be removed, the North Tank will be removed or filled with grout and left in place, the South Tank will be filled with grout and left in place, all open pipe ends will be sealed with grout or similar material, approximately 10 yd3 of chlordane-impacted soil will be excavated, and debris within the CAS boundary will be removed. CAS 12-60-01, Drilling/Welding Shop Outfalls, contains no COCs above action levels. No further action is required for this site; however, as a BMP, three drain pipe openings will be sealed with grout.« less

  7. Simulation and Technology of Hybrid Welding of Thick Steel Parts with High Power Fiber Laser

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Turichin, Gleb; Valdaytseva, Ekaterina; Tzibulsky, Igor; Lopota, Alexander; Velichko, Olga

    The article devoted to steady state and dynamic simulation of melt pool behavior during hybrid laser-arc welding of pipes and shipbuilding sections. The quasi-stationary process-model was used to determine an appropriate welding mode. The dynamical model of laser welding was used for investigation of keyhole depth and width oscillations. The experiments of pipe steel and stainless steel hybrid laser-MAG welding have been made with 15-kW fiber laser in wide range of welding mode parameters. Comparison of experimentally measured and simulated behavior of penetration depth as well as their oscillation spectra approved the self-oscillation nature of melt pool behavior. The welding mode influence of melt pool stability has also been observed. The technological peculiarities, which allow provide high quality weld seam, has been discussed also.

  8. Alternate Welding Processes for In-Service Welding

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2009-04-24

    Conducting weld repairs and attaching hot tap tees onto pressurized pipes has the advantage of avoiding loss of service and revenue. However, the risks involved with in-service welding need to be managed by ensuring that welding is performed in a rep...

  9. Heat pipe manufacturing study

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Edelstein, F.

    1974-01-01

    Heat pipe manufacturing methods are examined with the goal of establishing cost effective procedures that will ultimately result in cheaper more reliable heat pipes. Those methods which are commonly used by all heat pipe manufacturers have been considered, including: (1) envelope and wick cleaning, (2) end closure and welding, (3) mechanical verification, (4) evacuation and charging, (5) working fluid purity, and (6) charge tube pinch off. The study is limited to moderate temperature aluminum and stainless steel heat pipes with ammonia, Freon-21 and methanol working fluids. Review and evaluation of available manufacturers techniques and procedures together with the results of specific manufacturing oriented tests have yielded a set of recommended cost-effective specifications which can be used by all manufacturers.

  10. 49 CFR 195.266 - Construction records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... rejected weld. (b) The amount, location; and cover of each size of pipe installed. (c) The location of each... overhead crossing. (f) The location of each valve and corrosion test station. [Amdt. 195-22, 46 FR 38360...

  11. 78 FR 70069 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From China

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-22

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 701-TA-447 and 731-TA-1116 (Review)] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From China Determination On the basis of the record \\1\\ developed in the subject five-year reviews, the United States International Trade Commission (Commission) determines...

  12. Study of the structure and properties of metal of the major steam lines of a CCGT-420 unit made from high-chromium X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91) steel

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Grin', E. A.; Anokhov, A. E.; Pchelintsev, A. V.; Krüger, E.-T.

    2016-07-01

    The technology of manufacture of live steam lines and hot reheat lines at FINOW Rohrsysteme GmbH are discussed. These pipelines are designed for high-performance CCGT units and are made from high-chromium martensitic steel X10CrMoVNb9-1 (P91). The principles of certification and evaluation of conformance of thermal and mechanical equipment made from new construction materials with the TRCU 032-2013 technical regulation of the Customs Union are detailed. The requirements outlined in Russian and international regulatory documents regarding the manufacture of pipes and semifinished products for pipeline systems are compared. The characteristic features of high-chromium martensitic steel, which define the requirements for its heat treatment and welding, are outlined. The methodology and the results of a comprehensive analysis of metal of pipes, fittings, and weld joints of steam lines are presented. It is demonstrated that the short-term mechanical properties of metal (P91 steel) of pipes, bends, and weld joints meet the requirements of European standards and Russian technical specifications. The experimental data on long-term strength of metal of pipes from a live steam line virtually match the corresponding reference curve from the European standard, while certain experimental points for metal of bends of this steam line and metal of pipes and bends from a hot reheat line lie below the reference curve, but they definitely stay within the qualifying (20%) interval of the scatter band. The presence of a weakened layer in the heat-affected zone of weld joints of steel P91 is established. It is shown that the properties of this zone govern the short-term and long-term strength of weld joints in general. The results of synthesis and analysis of research data support the notion that the certification testing of steam lines and other equipment made from chromium steels should necessarily involve the determination of long-term strength parameters.

  13. INTERNAL REPAIR OF PIPELINES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bill Bruce; Nancy Porter; George Ritter

    2005-07-20

    The two broad categories of fiber-reinforced composite liner repair and deposited weld metal repair technologies were reviewed and evaluated for potential application for internal repair of gas transmission pipelines. Both are used to some extent for other applications and could be further developed for internal, local, structural repair of gas transmission pipelines. Principal conclusions from a survey of natural gas transmission industry pipeline operators can be summarized in terms of the following performance requirements for internal repair: (1) Use of internal repair is most attractive for river crossings, under other bodies of water, in difficult soil conditions, under highways, undermore » congested intersections, and under railway crossings. (2) Internal pipe repair offers a strong potential advantage to the high cost of horizontal direct drilling when a new bore must be created to solve a leak or other problem. (3) Typical travel distances can be divided into three distinct groups: up to 305 m (1,000 ft.); between 305 m and 610 m (1,000 ft. and 2,000 ft.); and beyond 914 m (3,000 ft.). All three groups require pig-based systems. A despooled umbilical system would suffice for the first two groups which represents 81% of survey respondents. The third group would require an onboard self-contained power unit for propulsion and welding/liner repair energy needs. (4) The most common size range for 80% to 90% of operators surveyed is 508 mm (20 in.) to 762 mm (30 in.), with 95% using 558.8 mm (22 in.) pipe. Evaluation trials were conducted on pipe sections with simulated corrosion damage repaired with glass fiber-reinforced composite liners, carbon fiber-reinforced composite liners, and weld deposition. Additional un-repaired pipe sections were evaluated in the virgin condition and with simulated damage. Hydrostatic failure pressures for pipe sections repaired with glass fiber-reinforced composite liner were only marginally greater than that of pipe sections without liners, indicating that this type of liner is only marginally effective at restoring the pressure containing capabilities of pipelines. Failure pressures for larger diameter pipe repaired with a semi-circular patch of carbon fiber-reinforced composite lines were also marginally greater than that of a pipe section with un-repaired simulated damage without a liner. These results indicate that fiber reinforced composite liners have the potential to increase the burst pressure of pipe sections with external damage Carbon fiber based liners are viewed as more promising than glass fiber based liners because of the potential for more closely matching the mechanical properties of steel. Pipe repaired with weld deposition failed at pressures lower than that of un-repaired pipe in both the virgin and damaged conditions, indicating that this repair technology is less effective at restoring the pressure containing capability of pipe than a carbon fiber-reinforced liner repair. Physical testing indicates that carbon fiber-reinforced liner repair is the most promising technology evaluated to-date. In lieu of a field installation on an abandoned pipeline, a preliminary nondestructive testing protocol is being developed to determine the success or failure of the fiber-reinforced liner pipeline repairs. Optimization and validation activities for carbon-fiber repair methods are ongoing.« less

  14. INTERNAL REPAIR OF PIPELINES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Robin Gordon; Bill Bruce; Ian Harris

    2004-12-31

    The two broad categories of fiber-reinforced composite liner repair and deposited weld metal repair technologies were reviewed and evaluated for potential application for internal repair of gas transmission pipelines. Both are used to some extent for other applications and could be further developed for internal, local, structural repair of gas transmission pipelines. Principal conclusions from a survey of natural gas transmission industry pipeline operators can be summarized in terms of the following performance requirements for internal repair: (1) Use of internal repair is most attractive for river crossings, under other bodies of water, in difficult soil conditions, under highways, undermore » congested intersections, and under railway crossings. (2) Internal pipe repair offers a strong potential advantage to the high cost of horizontal direct drilling when a new bore must be created to solve a leak or other problem. (3) Typical travel distances can be divided into three distinct groups: up to 305 m (1,000 ft.); between 305 m and 610 m (1,000 ft. and 2,000 ft.); and beyond 914 m (3,000 ft.). All three groups require pig-based systems. A despooled umbilical system would suffice for the first two groups which represents 81% of survey respondents. The third group would require an onboard self-contained power unit for propulsion and welding/liner repair energy needs. (4) The most common size range for 80% to 90% of operators surveyed is 508 mm (20 in.) to 762 mm (30 in.), with 95% using 558.8 mm (22 in.) pipe. Evaluation trials were conducted on pipe sections with simulated corrosion damage repaired with glass fiber-reinforced composite liners, carbon fiber-reinforced composite liners, and weld deposition. Additional un-repaired pipe sections were evaluated in the virgin condition and with simulated damage. Hydrostatic failure pressures for pipe sections repaired with glass fiber-reinforced composite liner were only marginally greater than that of pipe sections without liners, indicating that this type of liner is only marginally effective at restoring the pressure containing capabilities of pipelines. Failure pressures for larger diameter pipe repaired with a semi-circular patch of carbon fiber-reinforced composite lines were also marginally greater than that of a pipe section with un-repaired simulated damage without a liner. These results indicate that fiber reinforced composite liners have the potential to increase the burst pressure of pipe sections with external damage Carbon fiber based liners are viewed as more promising than glass fiber based liners because of the potential for more closely matching the mechanical properties of steel. Pipe repaired with weld deposition failed at pressures lower than that of un-repaired pipe in both the virgin and damaged conditions, indicating that this repair technology is less effective at restoring the pressure containing capability of pipe than a carbon fiber-reinforced liner repair. Physical testing indicates that carbon fiber-reinforced liner repair is the most promising technology evaluated to-date. The first round of optimization and validation activities for carbon-fiber repairs are complete. Development of a comprehensive test plan for this process is recommended for use in the field trial portion of this program.« less

  15. INTERNAL REPAIR OF PIPELINES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Robin Gordon; Bill Bruce; Ian Harris

    2004-08-17

    The two broad categories of fiber-reinforced composite liner repair and deposited weld metal repair technologies were reviewed and evaluated for potential application for internal repair of gas transmission pipelines. Both are used to some extent for other applications and could be further developed for internal, local, structural repair of gas transmission pipelines. Principal conclusions from a survey of natural gas transmission industry pipeline operators can be summarized in terms of the following performance requirements for internal repair: (1) Use of internal repair is most attractive for river crossings, under other bodies of water, in difficult soil conditions, under highways, undermore » congested intersections, and under railway. (2) Internal pipe repair offers a strong potential advantage to the high cost of horizontal direct drilling when a new bore must be created to solve a leak or other problem. (3) Typical travel distances can be divided into three distinct groups: up to 305 m (1,000 ft.); between 305 m and 610 m (1,000 ft. and 2,000 ft.); and beyond 914 m (3,000 ft.). All three groups require pig-based systems. A despooled umbilical system would suffice for the first two groups which represents 81% of survey respondents. The third group would require an onboard self-contained power unit for propulsion and welding/liner repair energy needs. (4) The most common size range for 80% to 90% of operators surveyed is 508 mm (20 in.) to 762 mm (30 in.), with 95% using 558.8 mm (22 in.) pipe. Evaluation trials were conducted on pipe sections with simulated corrosion damage repaired with glass fiber-reinforced composite liners, carbon fiber-reinforced composite liners, and weld deposition. Additional un-repaired pipe sections were evaluated in the virgin condition and with simulated damage. Hydrostatic failure pressures for pipe sections repaired with glass fiber-reinforced composite liner were only marginally greater than that of pipe sections without liners, indicating that this type of liner is only marginally effective at restoring the pressure containing capabilities of pipelines. Failure pressures for larger diameter pipe repaired with a semi-circular patch of carbon fiber-reinforced composite lines were also marginally greater than that of a pipe section with un-repaired simulated damage without a liner. These results indicate that fiber reinforced composite liners have the potential to increase the burst pressure of pipe sections with external damage Carbon fiber based liners are viewed as more promising than glass fiber based liners because of the potential for more closely matching the mechanical properties of steel. Pipe repaired with weld deposition failed at pressures lower than that of un-repaired pipe in both the virgin and damaged conditions, indicating that this repair technology is less effective at restoring the pressure containing capability of pipe than a carbon fiber-reinforced liner repair. Physical testing indicates that carbon fiber-reinforced liner repair is the most promising technology evaluated to-date. Development of a comprehensive test plan for this process is recommended for use in the field trial portion of this program.« less

  16. 77 FR 18266 - Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines; Revised...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-27

    ... INTERNATIONAL TRADE COMMISSION [Investigation Nos. 731-TA-865-867 (Second Review)] Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Italy, Malaysia, and the Philippines; Revised Schedule for the Subject Reviews AGENCY: United States International Trade Commission. ACTION: Notice. DATES: Effective Date: March...

  17. 76 FR 4633 - Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From the People's Republic of China: Notice of Court...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-26

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-814] Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe..., International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. SUMMARY: On January 6, 2011, the United States Court of International Trade (``CIT'') sustained the Department of Commerce's (``the Department'') results...

  18. Recommendations and Requirements for Welding and Inspection of Titanium Piping for U.S. Navy Surface Ship Applications

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-09-01

    The same general relationship is true for mixtures of argon and helium.) Argon is also more readily available and less costly than helium... true square-edge to assure proper inert gas shielding during welding. Perpendicularity of the edges should be maintained within 5 degrees. All clamps...toes. A horoscope is not required for internal inspection of inaccessible backside pipe welds. The acceptance criteria for color inspection and

  19. Lay-Up and Consolidation of a Composite Pipe by In Situ Ultrasonic Welding of a Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Tape.

    PubMed

    Dell'Anna, Riccardo; Lionetto, Francesca; Montagna, Francesco; Maffezzoli, Alfonso

    2018-05-11

    In this work, the potential of preformed thermoplastic matrix composite tapes for the manufacturing of composite pipes by filament winding assisted by in situ ultrasonic welding was evaluated. Unidirectional tapes of E-glass-reinforcedamorphous poly (ethylene terephthalate) were laid up and consolidated in a filament winding machine that was modified with a set-up enabling ultrasonic welding. The obtained composite specimens were characterized by means of morphological and dynamic mechanical analysis as well as void content evaluation, in order to correlate welding parameters to composite properties.

  20. Lay-Up and Consolidation of a Composite Pipe by In Situ Ultrasonic Welding of a Thermoplastic Matrix Composite Tape

    PubMed Central

    Dell’Anna, Riccardo; Montagna, Francesco

    2018-01-01

    In this work, the potential of preformed thermoplastic matrix composite tapes for the manufacturing of composite pipes by filament winding assisted by in situ ultrasonic welding was evaluated. Unidirectional tapes of E-glass-reinforcedamorphous poly (ethylene terephthalate) were laid up and consolidated in a filament winding machine that was modified with a set-up enabling ultrasonic welding. The obtained composite specimens were characterized by means of morphological and dynamic mechanical analysis as well as void content evaluation, in order to correlate welding parameters to composite properties. PMID:29751693

  1. Design and Evaluation of a Chamber Capable of Containing the Detonation Effects of 40 Pounds of TNT

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1975-11-01

    Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , 197A. For the girth welds, short lengths of 26-in.-dia. pipe were tacked to the vessel around the...and tensile tests meet the requirements of Section IX, ASHE Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code , 1974. Weld made by W. H. Stefanov ■.^^ w-^iiMaLwärt...Macro Results Kos, No Remarl.s The results of the bond and it^nsile tests met the requirements of Section IX, ASME Boiler and Pressure

  2. 46 CFR 154.514 - Piping: Electrical bonding.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and Process Piping Systems § 154.514 Piping: Electrical bonding. (a) Cargo tanks or piping that are... strap attached by welding or bolting. (2) Two or more bolts that give metal to metal contact between the...

  3. Re-weldability tests of irradiated 316L(N) stainless steel using laser welding technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamada, Hirokazu; Kawamura, Hiroshi; Tsuchiya, Kunihiko; Kalinin, George; Kohno, Wataru; Morishima, Yasuo

    2002-12-01

    SS316L(N)-IG is the candidate material for the in-vessel and ex-vessel components of fusion reactors such as ITER (International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor). This paper describes a study on re-weldability of un-irradiated and/or irradiated SS316L(N)-IG and the effect of helium generation on the mechanical properties of the weld joint. The laser welding process is used for re-welding of the water cooling branch pipeline repairs. It is clarified that re-welding of SS316L(N)-IG irradiated up to about 0.2 dpa (3.3 appm He) can be carried out without a serious deterioration of tensile properties due to helium accumulation. Therefore, repair of the ITER blanket cooling pipes can be performed by the laser welding process.

  4. Elaboration and Device Complex Trial for Pipe Production of Raised Quality

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Privarnikov, J. K.; Vdovin, V. D.; Privarnikova, I. J.

    2002-01-01

    Technology and device for production of heightened quality pipes for arterial oil and gas conduits are created and inculcated on factual data of work of Novomoskovsk Pipe Plant. At present such pipes are made with using heat treatment in penetrated sectional stoves. Herewith big volume of natural gas is expended. Besides, it is observed an incomplete removal of residual stresses during heat treatment that adversely affects at operation pipe indexes and durability of welded seam. Researches, which authors have conducted, have shown that offered weakly annealing technology and device provide almost full removal of undesirable residual stresses that considerably raises durability of welded junctions and improves operation pipe indexes. Inculcation of offered technology in Ukraine at the same time will allow to reduce by 40-50 % natural gas expense, to raise ecological safety at the sacrifice of diminish of possible damages at conduits as well as to produce electric welded pipes of heightened quality. I am sending you the abstract of the report Elaboration and device complex trial for pipe production of heightened quality, reference number - IAC-02.V.6./1.7 - ? (Unfortunately number is lost. Please inform us the number of our report once again) authors Privarnikov J.K, Vdovin V.D., Privarnikova I.J. for presentation at the 53rd International Asnronautical Congress/ Professor Yu. Privarnikov

  5. Weld Bead Geometry of Ni-Based Alloy Deposited by PTA Process for Pipe Conduction of Shale Gas

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Echavarria-Figueroa, C.; García-Vázquez, F.; Ruiz-Mondragón, J.; Hernández-García, H. M.; González-González, D.; Vargas, A.

    The transportation of shale gas has the problem that the piping used for the extraction does not resist the erosion generated by the amount of solids causing cracks over the surface and it is necessary to extend the life of the pipelines. Plasma transferred arc (PTA) welded coatings are used to improve the surface properties of mechanical parts. Therefore, in this paper is studied the use of Ni-based filler metal as weld bead deposits on A36 steel substrates by PTA. In order to determine the suitable conditions to ensure coating quality on the substrate a design of experiments (DOE) was determined. Welding current, feed rate, and travel speed were used as input parameters and the dilution percentage as the response variable. The composition and properties of hardfacing or overlay deposited are strongly influenced by the dilution obtained. Control of dilution is important, where typically low dilution is desirable. When the dilution is low, the final deposit composition will be closer to that of the filler metal, and the wear and corrosion resistance of the hardfacing will also be maintained. To evaluate the features on the weld beads/substrate interface a microstructural characterization was performed by using scanning electron microscopy and to evaluate the mechanical properties was carried out hardness test.

  6. 24 CFR 3280.604 - Materials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... Material and Property Standard for Special Cast Iron Fittings—IAPMO PS 5-84. Welding and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe—ANSI/ASME B36.10-1979. Standard Specification for Pipe, Steel, Black and Hot-Dipped, Zinc-Coated, Welded and Seamless—ASTM A53-93. Pipe Threads, General Purpose (Inch)—ANSI/ASME B1.20.1-1983...

  7. 76 FR 78887 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-570-911] Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. DATES: Effective Date: December 20, 2011. FOR...

  8. 75 FR 71672 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [C-570-911] Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration, Department of Commerce. DATES: Effective Date: November 24, 2010. FOR...

  9. 76 FR 71938 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Extension of Time Limit for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-21

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-549-502] Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty... and tubes from Thailand for the period March 1, 2010, through February 28, 2011. See Initiation of...

  10. 76 FR 5205 - Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings from Brazil, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-28

    ...)] Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings from Brazil, China, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand AGENCY: United... Thailand. SUMMARY: The Commission hereby gives notice of the scheduling of expedited reviews pursuant to..., Taiwan, and Thailand would be likely to lead to continuation or recurrence of material injury within a...

  11. 46 CFR 56.70-15 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... shall be prepared for each process and welding position to be employed in the fabrication. (1) Girth...) processes. Classes I, I-L, and II-L piping are required to have the inside of the pipe machined for good fit...). (1) Where seal welding of threaded joints is performed, threads shall be entirely covered by the seal...

  12. 46 CFR 56.70-15 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... shall be prepared for each process and welding position to be employed in the fabrication. (1) Girth...) processes. Classes I, I-L, and II-L piping are required to have the inside of the pipe machined for good fit...). (1) Where seal welding of threaded joints is performed, threads shall be entirely covered by the seal...

  13. 46 CFR 56.70-15 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... shall be prepared for each process and welding position to be employed in the fabrication. (1) Girth...) processes. Classes I, I-L, and II-L piping are required to have the inside of the pipe machined for good fit...). (1) Where seal welding of threaded joints is performed, threads shall be entirely covered by the seal...

  14. 46 CFR 56.70-15 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... shall be prepared for each process and welding position to be employed in the fabrication. (1) Girth...) processes. Classes I, I-L, and II-L piping are required to have the inside of the pipe machined for good fit...). (1) Where seal welding of threaded joints is performed, threads shall be entirely covered by the seal...

  15. 46 CFR 56.70-15 - Procedure.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... shall be prepared for each process and welding position to be employed in the fabrication. (1) Girth...) processes. Classes I, I-L, and II-L piping are required to have the inside of the pipe machined for good fit...). (1) Where seal welding of threaded joints is performed, threads shall be entirely covered by the seal...

  16. 77 FR 19623 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe from Turkey: Preliminary Results of Countervailing Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-02

    ... International Financial Statistics, a publication of the International Monetary Fund (IMF). For Euro-denominated... The Social Security Institution of the GOT administers the incentive for the Employer's Share in... certain welded carbon steel standard pipe from Turkey for the period January 1, 2010, through December 31...

  17. 76 FR 3612 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan; Extension of Time Limit for Preliminary...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-20

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-583-008] Circular Welded Carbon Steel... Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Notice of Partial Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative... complete the preliminary results of this review within the original time frame because we require...

  18. 76 FR 78615 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-19

    ...-810] Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab..., the Sultanate of Oman (``Oman''), The United Arab Emirates (``the UAE''), and the Socialist Republic... Oman, the United Arab Emirates, and the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Initiation of Countervailing...

  19. 78 FR 34342 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results and Partial Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-07

    ... Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from Brazil, the Republic of Korea (Korea), Mexico, and Venezuela and... Proceedings: Assessment of Antidumping Duties, 68 FR 23954 (May 6, 2003) (reseller policy). This clarification... antidumping duties in accordance with the reseller policy. Cash Deposit Requirements The following cash...

  20. Microstructure characterization and charpy toughness of P91 weldment for as-welded, post-weld heat treatment and normalizing & tempering heat treatment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pandey, Chandan; Mahapatra, M. M.; Kumar, Pradeep; Giri, A.

    2017-09-01

    The effect of weld groove design and heat treatment on microstructure evolution and Charpy toughness of P91 pipe weldments was studied. The P91 pipe weldments were subjected to subcritical post weld heat treatment (760 °C-2 h) and normalizing/tempering conditions (normalized-1040 °C/40 min, air cooled; tempered 760 °C/2 h, air cooled) were employed. The influence of subsequent PWHT and N&T treatment on the microstructure of various zone of P91 pipe weldments were also investigated. The present investigation also described the effect of PWHT and N&T treatment on hardness, grain size, precipitate size, inter-particle spacing and fraction area of precipitates present in each zone of P91 pipe weldments. The result indicated great impact of heat treatment on the Charpy toughness and microstructure evolution of P91 weldments. The N&T treatment was found to be more effective heat treatment compared to subsequent PWHT. Charpy toughness value was found to be higher for narrow-groove design as compared to conventional V-groove design.

  1. 24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

  2. 24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

  3. 24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

  4. 24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. Threaded brass pipe shall comply with ASTM B43-91, Standard Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard...

  5. Crack Resistance of Welded Joints of Pipe Steels of Strength Class K60 of Different Alloying Systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tabatchikova, T. I.; Tereshchenko, N. A.; Yakovleva, I. L.; Makovetskii, A. N.; Shander, S. V.

    2018-03-01

    The crack resistance of welded joints of pipe steels of strength class K60 and different alloying systems is studied. The parameter of the crack tip opening displacement (CTOD) is shown to be dependent on the size of the austenite grains and on the morphology of bainite in the superheated region of the heat-affected zone of the weld. The crack resistance is shown to be controllable due to optimization of the alloying system.

  6. 46 CFR 2.75-70 - Welding procedure and performance qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Welding procedure and performance qualifications. 2.75... for Construction Personnel § 2.75-70 Welding procedure and performance qualifications. (a) Welding... requirements for the welding of pressure piping, boilers, pressure vessels, and nonpressure vessel type tanks...

  7. 46 CFR 2.75-70 - Welding procedure and performance qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Welding procedure and performance qualifications. 2.75... for Construction Personnel § 2.75-70 Welding procedure and performance qualifications. (a) Welding... requirements for the welding of pressure piping, boilers, pressure vessels, and nonpressure vessel type tanks...

  8. 46 CFR 2.75-70 - Welding procedure and performance qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Welding procedure and performance qualifications. 2.75... for Construction Personnel § 2.75-70 Welding procedure and performance qualifications. (a) Welding... requirements for the welding of pressure piping, boilers, pressure vessels, and nonpressure vessel type tanks...

  9. 46 CFR 2.75-70 - Welding procedure and performance qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Welding procedure and performance qualifications. 2.75... for Construction Personnel § 2.75-70 Welding procedure and performance qualifications. (a) Welding... requirements for the welding of pressure piping, boilers, pressure vessels, and nonpressure vessel type tanks...

  10. 46 CFR 2.75-70 - Welding procedure and performance qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Welding procedure and performance qualifications. 2.75... for Construction Personnel § 2.75-70 Welding procedure and performance qualifications. (a) Welding... requirements for the welding of pressure piping, boilers, pressure vessels, and nonpressure vessel type tanks...

  11. The Collection of Ice in Jet A-1 Fuel Pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Maloney, Thomas C.

    Ice collection and blockages in fuel systems have been of interest to the aerospace community since their discovery in the late 1950's when a B-52 crashed. A recent growth of interest was provoked by several incidents that occurred within the last few years. This study seeks to understand the underlying principles of ice growth in fuel flow systems. Tests were performed in a recirculated fuel system with a fuel tank that held approximately 115 gallons of Jet A-1 fuel and ice accumulation was observed in two removable test pipes. The setup was in an altitude chamber capable of -60 °F and the experiments involved full scale flow components. Initially, tests were done to better understand the system and variables that effected accumulation. First, initial conditions within the test pipes were varied. Next, pipe geometry, pipe surface properties, initial water content of the fuel and heat transfer from the fuel pipe were varied. As a result of the tests, observations were made about other effects involved in the study. The effects include: the result of sequentially run tests, the effect of the fuel on the freezing temperature of the entrained water, the effect of ice accumulation on pipe welds, and the effect of the test pipe entrance and exit flow conditions on ice accumulation. The results of initial tests were qualitative. Later quantitative tests were done to demonstrate the dependence of temperature, Reynolds number, and heat transfer on ice accumulation. Tests were quantified with a pressure increase across the pipe sections that was normalized by the expected theoretical initial pressure. As a result of these tests the effect of contamination in the fuel was revealed. For ease of reference, the initial tests were called "stage I" and the later tests were called "stage II". The results of stage I showed that accumulation of soft ice was greatest when a layer of hard ice had initially formed on the pipe surface. Stainless steel collected more ice than Teflon® and there was a lack of a preferential accumulation region downstream of a pipe bend. A greater heat transfer from the pipe increased ice accumulation for aluminum that was made rough with 80 grit sand paper, and for Teflon®. Water was shown to collect in the pipe system as the number of tests increased and the freeze temperature of either the hard or soft ice was about 0 °C. Finally, results of "stage I" tests showed that stainless steel pipe welds were a preferred sight for ice to accumulate. Repeatability was done first in stage II and the normalized pressure increase for two 3/42 un-insulated pipe tests were within 7%. Normalized pressure increase across a pipe was shown to increase as Reynolds number decreased. A 50% increase in Reynolds number led to a 40% decrease in characteristic normalized pressure increase (CNPI). Tests were done at three temperatures and ice accumulated the most at -11 °C. The CNPI at -11 °C was about three times greater than the CNPI at -7.4 °C and about sixty times greater than the CNPI at -19.4 C. A greater heat transfer from the fuel pipe increased ice accumulation. For the amount of time that the tests ran, the total normalized pressure increase was about .9 greater for an un-insulated pipe than for an insulated pipe. Contamination in the fuel increased the amount of soft ice that collected in the system. The CNPI for the more contaminated fuel was more than double the case with less contaminated fuel. Possible solutions for the prevention or decrease of ice accumulation in aircraft fuel systems based on the results of this study are insulated pipes, a change in the type of pipe material, a higher fuel flow rate and cleaner fuel. The fuel temperature could also be altered to avoid temperatures where the most ice accumulates.

  12. Studying heat-affected zone deformations of electric arc welding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Suleimanov, R. I.; Zainagalina, L. Z.; Khabibullin, M. Ya; Zaripova, L. M.; Kovalev, N. O.

    2018-03-01

    The paper studies the influence of the most common defects in permanent electric arc welds made during the welding butt joints in infield oil pipelines, onto the strength characteristics of the welded pipe material around the heat-affected zone. A specimen of a butt weld with an obvious defect was used as a subject of the study. The changes in the geometric parameters of the weld were measured with the standard means; Rockwell hardness in the heat-affected zone was determined in certain areas with justification for the weld process modes. The cause of softening was found to be an increased width of the hot spot on the one side of the weld, where an enlarged crystalline structure appears as a result of the pipe material recrystallization under the influence of heat. Changes in the geometry of the thermal action area are determined by accumulation of molten filler on the one side of the weld when the welding rate is decreased. Some recommendations are given to prevent destruction of the welded structures and appearance of emergencies in infield oil pipelines.

  13. Technological parameters of welding of branch saddles to polyethylene pipes at low temperatures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Starostin, N. P.; Vasilieva, M. A.

    2017-12-01

    The present paper outlines a procedure for determination of dynamics of the temperature field during the welding of the branch saddle to the polyethylene gas pipeline at ambient temperatures below the normative. The analysis is accomplished by the finite element method with the heat of the phase transition taken into account. Methods of the visualization of data sets reveal the possibility of controlling the thermal process by preheating and thermal insulation during welding of the branch saddle to the pipe at low temperatures and the possibility of obtaining the dynamics of the temperature field at which a high-quality welded joint is formed.

  14. Influence of structure on static cracking resistance and fracture of welded joints of pipe steels of strength class K60

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tereshchenko, N. A.; Tabatchikova, T. I.; Yakovleva, I. L.; Makovetskii, A. N.; Shander, S. V.

    2017-07-01

    The static cracking resistance of a number of welded joints made from pipe steels of K60 strength class has been determined. It has been established that the deformation parameter CTOD varies significantly at identical parameters of weldability of steels. The character of fracture has been investigated and the zone of local brittleness of welded joints has been studied. It has been shown that the ability of a metal to resist cracking is determined by the austenite grain size and by the bainite morphology in the region of overheating in the heat-affected zone of a welded joint.

  15. 76 FR 43981 - Circular Welded Austenitic Stainless Pressure Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Final...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-22

    .... (``Jiuli TC'') and Huzhou Jiuli Welded Stainless Steel Pipe Co., Ltd. (``Jiuli SD Co.''), the collapsed... the Preliminary Results, the Department found that Jiuli TC and Jiuli SD Co. are affiliated pursuant... collapsing Jiuli TC and Jiuli SD Co. into a single entity. Accordingly, the Department based its margin...

  16. 24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... described in § 3280.706(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought-iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing...

  17. 24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... described in § 3280.706(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil piping shall be wrought-iron, malleable iron, steel, or brass (containing...

  18. Primary Water Stress Corrosion Cracks in Nickel Alloy Dissimilar Metal Welds: Detection and Sizing Using Established and Emerging Nondestructive Examination Techniques

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Braatz, Brett G.; Cumblidge, Stephen E.; Doctor, Steven R.

    2012-12-31

    The U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission has established the Program to Assess the Reliability of Emerging Nondestructive Techniques (PARENT) as a follow-on to the international cooperative Program for the Inspection of Nickel Alloy Components (PINC). The goal of PINC was to evaluate the capabilities of various nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques to detect and characterize surface-breaking primary water stress corrosion cracks in dissimilar-metal welds (DMW) in bottom-mounted instrumentation (BMI) penetrations and small-bore (≈400-mm diameter) piping components. A series of international blind round-robin tests were conducted by commercial and university inspection teams. Results from these tests showed that a combination of conventional andmore » phased-array ultrasound techniques provided the highest performance for flaw detection and depth sizing in dissimilar metal piping welds. The effective detection of flaws in BMIs by eddy current and ultrasound shows that it may be possible to reliably inspect these components in the field. The goal of PARENT is to continue the work begun in PINC and apply the lessons learned to a series of open and blind international round-robin tests that will be conducted on a new set of piping components including large-bore (≈900-mm diameter) DMWs, small-bore DMWs, and BMIs. Open round-robin testing will engage universities and industry worldwide to investigate the reliability of emerging NDE techniques to detect and accurately size flaws having a wide range of lengths, depths, orientations, and locations. Blind round-robin testing will invite testing organizations worldwide, whose inspectors and procedures are certified by the standards for the nuclear industry in their respective countries, to investigate the ability of established NDE techniques to detect and size flaws whose characteristics range from easy to very difficult to detect and size. This paper presents highlights of PINC and reports on the plans and progress for PARENT round-robin tests.« less

  19. Deformation behavior of a 16-8-2 GTA weld as influenced by its solidification substructure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Foulds, J.R.; Moteff, J.; Sikka, V.K.

    1983-07-01

    Weldment sections from formed and welded type 316 stainless steel pipe are characterized with respect to some time-independent (tensile) and time-dependent (creep) mechanical properties at temperatures between 25/sup 0/C and 649/sup 0/C. The GTA weldment, welded with 16-8-2 filler metal, is sectioned from pipe in the formed + welded + solution annealed + straightened condition, as well as in the same condition with an additional re-solution treatment. Detailed room temperature microhardness measurements on these sections before and after reannealing enable a determination of the different recovery characteristics of weld and base metal. The observed stable weld metal solidification dislocation substructuremore » in comparison with the base metal random dislocation structure, in fact, adequately explains weld/base metal elevated temperature mechanical behavior differences from this recovery characteristic standpoint. The weld metal substructure is the only parameter common to the variety of austenitic stainless steel welds exhibiting the consistent parent/weld metal deformation behavior differences described. As such, it must be considered the key to understanding weldment mechanical behavior.« less

  20. Design of Boiler Welding for Improvement of Lifetime and Cost Control.

    PubMed

    Thong-On, Atcharawadi; Boonruang, Chatdanai

    2016-11-03

    Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo a widely used material for headers and steam tubes of boilers. Welding of steam tube to header is required for production of boiler. Heat affected zone of the weld can have poor mechanical properties and poor corrosion behavior leading to weld failure. The cost of material used for steam tube and header of boiler should be controlled. This study propose a new materials design for boiler welding to improve the lifetime and cost control, using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo tube to carbon steel pipe with chromium-containing filler. The cost of production could be reduced by the use of low cost material such as carbon steel pipe for boiler header. The effect of chromium content on corrosion behavior of the weld was greater than that of the microstructure. The lifetime of the welded boiler can be increased by improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the heat affected zone.

  1. Design of Boiler Welding for Improvement of Lifetime and Cost Control

    PubMed Central

    Thong-On, Atcharawadi; Boonruang, Chatdanai

    2016-01-01

    Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo a widely used material for headers and steam tubes of boilers. Welding of steam tube to header is required for production of boiler. Heat affected zone of the weld can have poor mechanical properties and poor corrosion behavior leading to weld failure. The cost of material used for steam tube and header of boiler should be controlled. This study propose a new materials design for boiler welding to improve the lifetime and cost control, using tungsten inert gas (TIG) welding of Fe-2.25Cr-1Mo tube to carbon steel pipe with chromium-containing filler. The cost of production could be reduced by the use of low cost material such as carbon steel pipe for boiler header. The effect of chromium content on corrosion behavior of the weld was greater than that of the microstructure. The lifetime of the welded boiler can be increased by improvement of mechanical properties and corrosion behavior of the heat affected zone. PMID:28774014

  2. Life Test Results for Water Heat Pipes Operating at 200 °C to 300 °C

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rosenfeld, John H.; Gernert, Nelson J.

    2008-01-01

    For lunar or planetary bases to be viable, a robust electric generating system will be required for powering the habitat. Water heat pipes offer an attractive solution for lunar base heat rejection, and would serve as a qualification for them on other long duration missions. Successful operation near the upper end of water operating range is a requirement for the application. Results are reported for life tests on water heat pipes that were operated at various temperatures between 200 °C and 300 °C. Tests were conducted on twenty three gravity-assisted water heat pipes. Eleven titanium/water heat pipes and ten Monel/water heat pipes were tested at temperatures above 200 °C. Two cupronickel heat pipes were also assembled and tested. Titanium alloys tested included CP-2 titanium, as well as two beta-titanium alloys, namely 15-3 and Nitinol alloys. Some of the titanium alloy life tests used wicks fabricated from CP-2 titanium screen or porous felt. Monel alloys tested included 400 and K-500 alloys. Some of the Monel heat pipes contained copper/nickel wicks that were fabricated by brazing nickel-plated copper felt metal wicks. Although most of the envelope/material combinations exhibit favorable results at 200 °C, some of the combinations failed at higher temperatures. Causes of failure included stress-creep of envelopes and corrosion at axial or end cap welds. This information represents a significant advance in selection of materials for 200 °C to 300 °C water heat pipes. Life testing work is being continued.

  3. 46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

  4. 46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

  5. 46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

  6. 46 CFR 56.15-1 - Pipe joining fittings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Threaded, flanged, socket-welding, buttwelding, and socket-brazing pipe joining fittings, made in accordance with the applicable...

  7. Laser-GMA Hybrid Pipe Welding System

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2007-11-01

    Experimental Results.................................................................................................34 Autogenous Laser Welds...APPENDIX B. Training Manual – Overview of System Components and Software...................... APPENDIX C. NASSCO...17. Autogenous laser welds in different joint configurations (10 mm thick mild steel, 5 mm land

  8. Ceramic backup ring prevents undesirable weld-metal buildup

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Leonard, G. E.

    1971-01-01

    Removable ceramic backup material butted against weld zone back prevents weld metal buildup at that site. Method is successful with manual tungsten-inert gas /TIG/ welding of 316 corrosion resistant steel /CRES/ pieces with 0.76 cm throat diameter and 1.57 cm pipe internal diameter.

  9. 49 CFR 192.283 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.283 Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures. (a) Heat fusion... for making plastic pipe joints by a heat fusion, solvent cement, or adhesive method, the procedure...

  10. 49 CFR 192.283 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.283 Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures. (a) Heat fusion... for making plastic pipe joints by a heat fusion, solvent cement, or adhesive method, the procedure...

  11. 49 CFR 192.283 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.283 Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures. (a) Heat fusion... for making plastic pipe joints by a heat fusion, solvent cement, or adhesive method, the procedure...

  12. 49 CFR 192.283 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.283 Plastic pipe: Qualifying joining procedures. (a) Heat fusion... for making plastic pipe joints by a heat fusion, solvent cement, or adhesive method, the procedure...

  13. ADVANCED INTEGRATION OF MULTI-SCALE MECHANICS AND WELDING PROCESS SIMULATION IN WELD INTEGRITY ASSESSMENT

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wilkowski, Gery M.; Rudland, David L.; Shim, Do-Jun

    2008-06-30

    The potential to save trillions of BTU’s in energy usage and billions of dollars in cost on an annual basis based on use of higher strength steel in major oil and gas transmission pipeline construction is a compelling opportunity recognized by both the US Department of Energy (DOE). The use of high-strength steels (X100) is expected to result in energy savings across the spectrum, from manufacturing the pipe to transportation and fabrication, including welding of line pipe. Elementary examples of energy savings include more the 25 trillion BTUs saved annually based on lower energy costs to produce the thinner-walled high-strengthmore » steel pipe, with the potential for the US part of the Alaskan pipeline alone saving more than 7 trillion BTU in production and much more in transportation and assembling. Annual production, maintenance and installation of just US domestic transmission pipeline is likely to save 5 to 10 times this amount based on current planned and anticipated expansions of oil and gas lines in North America. Among the most important conclusions from these studies were: • While computational weld models to predict residual stress and distortions are well-established and accurate, related microstructure models need improvement. • Fracture Initiation Transition Temperature (FITT) Master Curve properly predicts surface-cracked pipe brittle-to-ductile initiation temperature. It has value in developing Codes and Standards to better correlate full-scale behavior from either CTOD or Charpy test results with the proper temperature shifts from the FITT master curve method. • For stress-based flaw evaluation criteria, the new circumferentially cracked pipe limit-load solution in the 2007 API 1104 Appendix A approach is overly conservative by a factor of 4/π, which has additional implications. . • For strain-based design of girth weld defects, the hoop stress effect is the most significant parameter impacting CTOD-driving force and can increase the crack-driving force by a factor of 2 depending on strain-hardening, pressure level as a % of SMYS, and flaw size. • From years of experience in circumferential fracture analyses and experimentation, there has not been sufficient integration of work performed for other industries into analogous problems facing the oil and gas pipeline markets. Some very basic concepts and problems solved previously in these fields could have circumvented inconsistencies seen in the stress-based and strain-based analysis efforts. For example, in nuclear utility piping work, more detailed elastic-plastic fracture analyses were always validated in their ability to predict loads and displacements (stresses and strains). The eventual implementation of these methodologies will result in acceleration of the industry adoption of higher-strength line-pipe steels.« less

  14. The effect of weld metal matching on girth weld performance: Volume III - an ECA analysis. Final report

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Denys, R.M.; Martin, J.T.

    1995-02-01

    Modern pipeline standards contain alternative methodologies for determining the acceptable defect size in pipeline welds. Through the use of fracture mechanics and plastic collapse assessments, the mechanical and toughness properties of the defective region relate to the applied stress at the defect and defect geometry. The assumptions made in these methodologies are not always representative of the situation accurring in pipeline girth welds. To determine the effect of the various input parameters on acceptable defect size, The Welding Supervisory Committee of the American Gas Association commenced in 1990, in collaboration with the Laboratorium Soete of the University Gent, Belgium, amore » series of small scale (Charpy V impact and CTOD) and large scale (fatigue pre-cracked wide plate) tests. All the experimental investigations were intended to evaluate the effects of weld metal mis-match, temperature, defect size, defect type, defect interaction, pipe wall thickness and yield to tensile ratio on girth weld fracture behaviour. The aim of this report was to determine how weld metal yield strength overmatching or undermatching influences girth weld defect size prediction. A further analysis was conducted using the newly revised PD6493:1991 to provide a critical analysis with the objective of explaining the behaviour of the wide plate tests.« less

  15. Thin Wall Pipe Ultrasonic Inspection through Paint Coating

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Predoi, Mihai Valentin; Petre, Cristian Cătălin

    Classical ultrasonic inspection of welds is currently done for plates thicker than 8 mm. The inspection of but welds in thin walled pipes has considerable implementation difficulties, due to guided waves dominating ultrasonic pulses propagation. Generation of purely symmetric modes, either torsional or longitudinal, requires a circumferential uniform distribution of transducers and dedicated inspection equipment, which are increasing the inspection costs. Moreover, if the surface is paint coated, the received signals are close to the detection level. The present work implies a single transducer, coupled to the painted surface. The proper choice of the guided mode and frequency range, allows the detection of a standard, small diameter through thickness hole. In this way, the inspection of pipe welds can use the same equipment as for thick materials, with only wedge adaptation.

  16. Butt Welding of 2205/X65 Bimetallic Sheet and Study on the Inhomogeneity of the Properties of the Welded Joint

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gou, Ning-Nian; Zhang, Jian-Xun; Wang, Jian-Long; Bi, Zong-Yue

    2017-04-01

    The explosively welded 2205 duplex stainless steel/X65 pipe steel bimetallic sheets were butt jointed by multilayer and multi-pass welding (gas tungsten arc welding for the flyer and gas metal arc welding for the transition and parent layers of the bimetallic sheets). The microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint were investigated. The results showed that in the thickness direction, microstructure and mechanical properties of the welded joint exhibited obvious inhomogeneity. The microstructures of parent filler layers consisted of acicular ferrite, widmanstatten ferrite, and a small amount of blocky ferrite. The microstructure of the transition layer and flyer layer consisted of both austenite and ferrite structures; however, the transition layer of weld had a higher volume fraction of austenite. The results of the microhardness test showed that in both weld metal (WM) and heat-affected zone (HAZ) of the parent filler layers, the average hardness decreased with the increasing (from parent filler layer 1 to parent filler layer 3) welding heat input. The results of hardness test also indicated that the hardness of the WM and the HAZ for the flyer and transition layers was equivalent. The tensile test combined with Digital Specklegram Processing Technology demonstrated that the fracturing of the welded joint started at the HAZ of the flyer, and then the fracture grew toward the base metal of the parent flyer near the parent HAZ. The stratified impact test at -5 °C showed that the WM and HAZ of the flyer exhibited lower impact toughness, and the fracture mode was ductile and brittle mixed fracture.

  17. Orbital friction stir weld system

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ding, R. Jeffrey (Inventor); Carter, Robert W. (Inventor)

    2001-01-01

    This invention is an apparatus for joining the ends of two cylindrical (i.e., pipe-shaped) sections together with a friction stir weld. The apparatus holds the two cylindrical sections together and provides back-side weld support as it makes a friction stir weld around the circumference of the joined ends.

  18. 24 CFR 3280.706 - Oil piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI B 36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded copper or brass pipe in iron pipe sizes may be used. (2) Fittings for oil... Seamless Copper Tube for Air Conditioning and Refrigeration Field Service. (4) Steel tubing shall have a...

  19. 24 CFR 3280.705 - Gas piping systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... consist of one or more of the materials described in § 3280.705(b) (1) through (4). (1) Steel or wrought-iron pipe shall comply with ANSI Standard B36.10-1979, Welded and Seamless Wrought Steel Pipe. Threaded... Specification for Seamless Red Brass Pipe, Standard Sizes. (2) Fittings for gas piping shall be wrought iron...

  20. Residual Stress Analysis in Girth-welded Ferritic and Austenitic Steel Pipes Using Neutron and X-Ray Diffraction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hempel, Nico; Bunn, Jeffrey R; Nitschke-Pagel, Thomas

    This paper is dedicated to the thorough experimental analysis of the residual stresses in the vicinity of tubular welds and the mechanisms involved in their formation. Pipes made of a ferritic-pearlitic structural steel and an austenitic stainless steel are investigated in this study. The pipes feature a similar geometry and are MAG welded with two passes and comparable parameters. Residual strain mappings are carried out using X-ray and neutron diffraction. The combined use of both techniques permits both near-surface and through-wall analyses of the residual stresses. The findings allow for a consistent interpretation of the mechanisms accounting for the formationmore » of the residual stress fields due to the welding process. Since the results are similar for both materials, it can be concluded that residual stresses induced by phase transformations, which can occur in the structural steel, play a minor role in this regard.« less

  1. 76 FR 8345 - Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and the People...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-14

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-351-602, A-588-602, A-583-605, A-549-807, A-570-814] Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Brazil, Japan, Taiwan, Thailand, and the People's Republic of China: Final Results of the Expedited Sunset Reviews of the Antidumping Duty Orders Correction In notice document 2011...

  2. Measurement of defect thickness of the wall thinning defect pipes by lock-in infrared thermography technique

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Kyeongsuk; Kim, Kyungsu; Jung, Hyunchul; Chang, Hosub

    2010-03-01

    Mostly piping which is using for the nuclear power plants are made up of carbon steel pipes. The wall thinning defects occurs by the effect of the flow accelerated corrosion of fluid that flows in carbon steel pipes. The defects could be found on the welding part and anywhere in the pipes. The infrared thermography technique which is one of the non-destructive testing method has used for detecting the defects of various kinds of materials over the years. There is a limitation for measuring the defect of metals that have a big coefficient of thermal diffusion. However, a technique using lock-in method gets over the difficulty. Consequently, the lock-in infrared thermography technique has been applied to the various industry fields. In this paper, the defect thickness of the straight pipe which has an artificial defect the inside of the pipes was measured by using the lock-in infrared thermography technique and the result could be utilized in detecting defects of carbon steel pipes.

  3. Helical comb magnetostrictive patch transducers for inspecting spiral welded pipes using flexural guided waves.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Xiaowei; Tang, Zhifeng; Lv, Fuzai; Pan, Xiaohong

    2017-02-01

    A wavefront analysis indicates that a flexural wave propagates at a helix angle with respect to the pipe axis. The expression for calculation of the helix angle for each flexural mode is given, and the helix angle dispersion curves for flexural modes are calculated. According to the new understanding of flexural guided waves, a helical comb magnetostrictive patch transducer (HCMPT) is proposed for selectively exciting a single predominant flexural torsional guided wave in a pipe and inspecting spiral welded pipes using flexural waves. A HCMPT contains a pre-magnetized magnetostrictive patch that is helically coupled with the outer surface of a pipe, and a novel compound comb coil that is wrapped around the helical magnetostrictive patch. The proposed wideband HCMPT possesses the direction control ability. A verification experiment indicates that flexural torsional mode T(3,1) at center frequency f=64kHz is effectively actuated by a HCMPT with 13-degree helix angle. Flexural torsional modes T(N,1) with circumferential order N equals 1-5 are selected to inspect a seamless steel pipe, artificial defects are effectively detected by the proposed HCMPT. A 20-degree HCMPT is adopted to inspect a spiral welded pipe, an artificial notch with cross section loss CSL=2.7% is effectively detected by using flexural waves. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. 75 FR 68324 - Certain Stainless Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings From Japan, South Korea and Taiwan; Final Results...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-05

    .... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Scope of the Orders Japan The products covered by this order include certain... designing the piping system: (1) Corrosion of the piping system will occur if material other than stainless... designing the piping system: (1) Corrosion of the piping system will occur if material other than stainless...

  5. Residual stress determination in an overlay dissimilar welded pipe by neutron diffraction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Woo, Wan Chuck; Em, Vyacheslav; Hubbard, Camden R

    2011-01-01

    Residual stresses were determined through the thickness of a dissimilar weld overlay pipe using neutron diffraction. The specimen has a complex joining structure consisting of a ferritic steel (SA508), austenitic steel (F316L), Ni-based consumable (Alloy 182), and overlay of Ni-base superalloy (Alloy 52M). It simulates pressurized nozzle components, which have been a critical issue under the severe crack condition of nuclear power reactors. Two neutron diffractometers with different spatial resolutions have been utilized on the identical specimen for comparison. The macroscopic 'stress-free' lattice spacing (d{sub o}) was also obtained from both using a 2-mm width comb-like coupon. The results showmore » significant changes in residual stresses from tension (300-400 MPa) to compression (-600 MPa) through the thickness of the dissimilar weld overlay pipe specimen.« less

  6. Laboratory Investigation of a Leaking Type 316 Socket Weld in a Boron Injection Tank Sampling Line

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, Hongqing; Fyfitch, Steve; Hosier, Ryan; Hyres, James

    A leak was discovered in a Type 316 stainless steel socket weld in the sampling line for the boron injection tank. A section of the pipeline containing the leaking weld was removed for laboratory investigation that included visual and Stereovisual inspections, liquid penetrant (PT) testing, metallography, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and ferrite content determinations. The leak path was a through-wall transgranular crack in the socket weld. Cracking initiated along the weld-metal-to-base-metal interface at the tip of the crevice between the socket and pipe. The crevice was exposed to oxygenated boron solution at <180°F. Shallow intergranular attack (IGA) was found in the exposed base metal inside the crevice. Based on the investigation results, it was concluded that transgranular stress corrosion cracking (TGSCC) is the primary cracking mechanism.

  7. Increase of reliability of contact networks of electric transport, due to increase of strength of the joint unit of pipes of different diameters

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sabitov, L. S.; Kashapov, N. F.; Gilmanshin, I. R.; Gatiyatov, I. Z.; Kuznetsov, I. L.

    2017-09-01

    The feature of the stress state of the supports of the contact networks is the presence of a joint of pipes of different diameters, the ultimate state of which is determined, as a rule, the strength of the weld. The proposed unit allows to increase the reliability and strength of the connection and also exclude the presence of a weld bead on the outer surface of the pipe of smaller diameter in the place of its attachment to the upper end of the support ring.

  8. Development of Real Time Ultrasonic Imaging

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1999-01-01

    piezoelectric material known as poly vinyl difluoride ( PVDF ) which enables the conversion of mechanical energy to charge the CCD chip. The system...geometries such as curved (wing) surfaces. Other future applications might include heavy gauge welds in plate, corrosion in piping, welds in piping...Harrison, G. "A Novel High Speed, High Resolution Ultrasound Imaging System", QNDE Review of Progress In Quantitative NDE, Plenum Press, Volume 17B, pp

  9. 75 FR 23236 - Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation; Opportunity To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-03

    .../10 India: Silicomanganese, A-533-823 5/1/09-4/30/10 Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and Tubes, A-533-502.../30/10 Republic of Korea: Polyester Staple Fiber, A-580-839 5/1/09-4/30/10 Stainless Steel Plate in.../10 805 Taiwan: Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipe and 5/1/09-4/30/10 Tubes, A-583-008...

  10. POLYETHYLENE ENCAPSULATES FOR HAZARDOUS WASTE DRUMS

    EPA Science Inventory

    This capsule report summarizes studies of the use of polyethylene (P.E.) for encapsulating drums of hazardous wastes. Flat PE sheet is welded to roto moded PE containers which forms the encapsulates. Plastic pipe welding art was used, but the prototype welding apparatus required ...

  11. 49 CFR 192.113 - Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... class Longitudinal joint factor (E) ASTM A 53/A53M Seamless 1.00 Electric resistance welded 1.00 Furnace butt welded .60 ASTM A 106 Seamless 1.00 ASTM A 333/A 333M Seamless 1.00 Electric resistance welded 1.00 ASTM A 381 Double submerged arc welded 1.00 ASTM A 671 Electric-fusion-welded 1.00 ASTM A 672...

  12. Design and technology parameters influence on durability for heat exchangers tube to tubesheet joints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ripeanu, R. G.

    2017-02-01

    The main failures of heat exchangers are: corrosion of tubes and jacket, tubes blockage and failures of tube to tubesheet joints also by corrosion. The most critical zone is tube to tubesheet joints. Depending on types of tube to tubesheet joints, in order to better respect conditions of tension and compression, this paper analyses the tubesheet holes shapes, smooth and with a grove, on corrosion behavior. In the case of welding tubes with tubesheet, welding parameters modify corrosion behavior. Were realized welded joints by three welding regimes and tested at corrosion in two media, tap water and industrial water. Were tested also samples made of smooth tubes, finned tubes and tubes coated with a passive product as applied by a heat exchanger manufacturer. For all samples, the roughness parameters were measured, before and after the corrosion tests. The obtained corrosion rates show that stress values and their distribution along the joint modify the corrosion behavior. The optimum welding parameters were established in order to increase the joint durability. The paper has shown that passive product used is not proper chosen and the technology of obtaining rolled thread pipes diminishes tubes’ durability by increasing the corrosion rate.

  13. 49 CFR 178.35 - General requirements for specification cylinders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... cylinders made by the billet-piercing process, billets must be inspected and shown to be free from pipe... specific construction design.); (v) Witnessing all tests; (vi) Verify threads by gauge; (vii) Reporting... finished cylinder has been welded by the spinning process, or effected by plugging. (ii) As prescribed in...

  14. Military Curriculum Materials for Vocational and Technical Education. Welding High and Low Pressure Lines, 3-26.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ohio State Univ., Columbus. National Center for Research in Vocational Education.

    This short course in welding high and low pressure lines was adapted from military curriculum materials for use in vocational education. The course is designed to teach safety requirements for work with high and low pressure pipelines; pipe welding requirements and specifications; special pipeline repair welding applications; layout of pipe…

  15. The influence of defects of the fatigue resistance of butt and girth welds in A106B steel

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Leis, B. N.; Goetz, D. P.; Scott, P. M.

    1986-01-01

    This three-phase study was directed at developing a fitness for service defect acceptance criteria for welds with defect indications. The study focussed on A106 Gr. B steel pipe. The first phase involved a literature search and critical review to develop the preliminary acceptance criteria to the extent permitted by the data. The second phase developed data for flat plate, wall segment, and vessel specimens containing artificial or natural planar or volumetric defects. The final phase developed acceptance criteria from the test data.

  16. Physical Nature of the Processes in Structure Forming, Phase and Chemical Composition of pipe Permanent Joints when MMA Welding

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Il'yaschenko, D. P.; Chinakhov, D. A.; Danilov, V. I.; Sadykov, I. D.

    2016-04-01

    The paper outlines peculiarities of structure formation, phase and chemical composition in regard to heat content in molten electrode metal beads when pipe steel (steel 09G2S) welding using power sources with various energy characteristics. Mathematical calculations indicate an inverter power source provides minor heat content into the bead of electrode metal when welding. Experimental research has pointed at 4-9 % increase in impact strength of joints produced using an inverter power source in comparison with samples produced applying a diode rectifier. The following factors can possibly give rise to the increasing impact strength: difference in microstructures of weld joints, up to 50% shortening ferritic plates in metal of weld joint, change in dimensions of ferritic grains in the heat-affected zone by as much as 17.5 %, and decrease in the extent of heat-affected zone by 50%.

  17. 78 FR 54864 - Light-Walled Rectangular Pipe and Tube From Mexico: Preliminary Results and Partial Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-06

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-201-836] Light-Walled Rectangular... the antidumping duty order on light-walled rectangular pipe and tube (LWR pipe and tube) from Mexico... The merchandise subject to the order is certain welded carbon- quality light-walled steel pipe and...

  18. 49 CFR 192.285 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.285 Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints. (a) No person may make a plastic pipe joint unless that person has been qualified under the applicable joining procedure...

  19. 49 CFR 192.285 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.285 Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints. (a) No person may make a plastic pipe joint unless that person has been qualified under the applicable joining procedure...

  20. 49 CFR 192.285 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.285 Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints. (a) No person may make a plastic pipe joint unless that person has been qualified under the applicable joining procedure...

  1. 49 CFR 192.285 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints... Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.285 Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints. (a) No person may make a plastic pipe joint unless that person has been qualified under the applicable joining procedure...

  2. The use of supercomputer modelling of high-temperature failure in pipe weldments to optimize weld and heat affected zone materials property selection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Z. P.; Hayhurst, D. R.

    1994-07-01

    The creep deformation and damage evolution in a pipe weldment has been modeled by using the finite-element continuum damage mechanics (CDM) method. The finite-element CDM computer program DAMAGE XX has been adapted to run with increased speed on a Cray XMP/416 supercomputer. Run times are sufficiently short (20 min) to permit many parametric studies to be carried out on vessel lifetimes for different weld and heat affected zone (HAZ) materials. Finite-element mesh sensitivity was studied first in order to select a mesh capable of correctly predicting experimentally observed results using at least possible computer time. A study was then made of the effect on the lifetime of a butt welded vessel of each of the commomly measured material parameters for the weld and HAZ materials. Forty different ferritic steel welded vessels were analyzed for a constant internal pressure of 45.5 MPa at a temperature of 565 C; each vessel having the same parent pipe material but different weld and HAZ materials. A lifetime improvement has been demonstrated of 30% over that obtained for the initial materials property data. A methodology for weldment design has been established which uses supercomputer-based CDM analysis techniques; it is quick to use, provides accurate results, and is a viable design tool.

  3. 77 FR 25679 - Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation; Opportunity To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-01

    ......... 5/1/11-9/14/11 India: Silicomanganese, A-533-823 5/1/11-4/30/12 Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes... of Korea: Polyester Staple Fiber, A-580-839 5/1/11-4/30/12 Stainless Steel Plate in Coils, A-580-831...: Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes, A- 5/1/11-4/30/12 583-008 Polyethylene Retail Carrier Bags, A...

  4. Piping Inelastic Fracture Mechanics Analysis.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-06-30

    LOCATIONd THERM4AL SLEEVE REPAIR WELD TYPE 310 STAINLESS TEL C FVICt AREA SPO PCE Fig. 3.1-Duane Arnold recirculation-inlet-nozzle safe end configuration...Environment The most commonly used materials in the LWR piping system are Types 304 and 316 austenitic stainless steel ( cast /wrought). However, for various...seismic and water hammering), the contribu- tion of the residual stress due to the welding plays a very important role in initiation and propagation

  5. WELDING TORCH

    DOEpatents

    Correy, T.B.

    1961-10-01

    A welding torch into which water and inert gas are piped separately for cooling and for providing a suitable gaseous atmosphere is described. A welding electrode is clamped in the torch by a removable collet sleeve and a removable collet head. Replacement of the sleeve and head with larger or smaller sleeve and head permits a larger or smaller welding electrode to be substituted on the torch. (AEC)

  6. 49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

  7. 78 FR 61335 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Final Results of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-03

    ... identical in content. Final Results of Sunset Review: The Department determines that revocation of the... Pipes 45.35 Co., Ltd. Shanghai Metals & Minerals Huludao Steel Pipe 45.35 Import & Export Corp. Industrial Co. Shanghai Metals & Minerals Benxi Northern Pipes 45.35 Import & Export Corp. Co., Ltd. Huludao...

  8. 49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

  9. 49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

  10. 49 CFR 192.287 - Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. 192.287... Than by Welding § 192.287 Plastic pipe: Inspection of joints. No person may carry out the inspection of joints in plastic pipes required by §§ 192.273(c) and 192.285(b) unless that person has been qualified by...

  11. UOE Pipe Manufacturing Process Simulation: Equipment Designing and Construction

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Delistoian, Dmitri; Chirchor, Mihael

    2017-12-01

    UOE pipe manufacturing process influence directly on pipeline resilience and operation capacity. At present most spreaded pipe manufacturing method is UOE. This method is based on cold forming. After each technological step appears a certain stress and strain level. For pipe stress strain study is designed and constructed special equipment that simulate entire technological process.UOE pipe equipment is dedicated for manufacturing of longitudinally submerged arc welded DN 400 (16 inch) steel pipe.

  12. On-line welding quality inspection system for steel pipe based on machine vision

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Yang

    2017-05-01

    In recent years, high frequency welding has been widely used in production because of its advantages of simplicity, reliability and high quality. In the production process, how to effectively control the weld penetration welding, ensure full penetration, weld uniform, so as to ensure the welding quality is to solve the problem of the present stage, it is an important research field in the field of welding technology. In this paper, based on the study of some methods of welding inspection, a set of on-line welding quality inspection system based on machine vision is designed.

  13. Maintenance Welding in Nuclear Power Plants/III, Conference Proceedings Held at Knoxville, Tennessee on 6-8 November 1985

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-11-06

    Mongiat, S. Kumar and K.K. Subbayya ALTERNATXVES TO ONE-HALF BEAD REPAIR TECHNIQUE ( GTAW ); ................................... 153 By P. J. Alberry...3.5.1 Welding Procedure The welding procedure used for mechanized welding of permanently installed pipes is the pulsed GTAW welding procedure with a cold...be adapted . to this system to an -’verall height of 130 mm. Because of the considerably shorter welding times, the GTAW narrow opening welling

  14. Dredge Mooring Study Recommended Design, Phase 2 Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1992-05-01

    processes are acceptable under this Specification: a. Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW). b. Gas Tungsten-Arc Welding ( GTAW or TIG). c. Gas Metal-Arc...the GTAW process. 11.3.9.3 For welding of stainless steel pipe, the GTAW process shall be used on the root pass of open butt joints welded from one...whichever is greater, from each edge of the weld (t = wall thickness of the thickest part being welded). 11.3.11.5 Postweld heat treatment for chromium

  15. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tanaka, T.; Kameyama, M.; Urabe, Y.

    At present, cast duplex stainless steel has been used for the primary coolant piping of PWRs in Japan and joints of dissimilar material have been applied for welding to reactor vessels and steam generators. For the primary coolant piping of the next APWR plants, application of low alloy steel that results in designing main loops with the same material is being studied. It means that there is no need to weld low alloy steel with stainless steel and that makes it possible to reduce the welding length. Attenuation of Ultra Sonic Wave Intensity is lower for low alloy steel thanmore » for stainless steel and they have advantageous inspection characteristics. In addition to that, the thermal expansion rate is smaller for low alloy steel than for stainless steel. In consideration of the above features of low alloy steel, the overall reliability of primary coolant piping is expected to be improved. Therefore, for the evaluation of crack stability of low alloy steel piping to be applied for primary loops, elastic-plastic future mechanics analysis was performed by means of a three-dimensioned FEM. The evaluation results for the low alloy steel pipings show that cracks will not grow into unstable fractures under maximum design load conditions, even when such a circumferential crack is assumed to be 6 times the size of the wall thickness.« less

  16. Automatic welding detection by an intelligent tool pipe inspection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Arizmendi, C. J.; Garcia, W. L.; Quintero, M. A.

    2015-07-01

    This work provide a model based on machine learning techniques in welds recognition, based on signals obtained through in-line inspection tool called “smart pig” in Oil and Gas pipelines. The model uses a signal noise reduction phase by means of pre-processing algorithms and attribute-selection techniques. The noise reduction techniques were selected after a literature review and testing with survey data. Subsequently, the model was trained using recognition and classification algorithms, specifically artificial neural networks and support vector machines. Finally, the trained model was validated with different data sets and the performance was measured with cross validation and ROC analysis. The results show that is possible to identify welding automatically with an efficiency between 90 and 98 percent.

  17. 46 CFR 54.05-10 - Certification of material toughness tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    .... The manufacturer of plates may certify such material, provided it has been given an appropriate heat... must be perpendicular to the final direction of rolling. When the direction of maximum stress is... five (5) short tons, or less, of the pipe, tubes, or welding fittings produced from one heat of steel...

  18. 46 CFR 54.05-10 - Certification of material toughness tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    .... The manufacturer of plates may certify such material, provided it has been given an appropriate heat... must be perpendicular to the final direction of rolling. When the direction of maximum stress is... five (5) short tons, or less, of the pipe, tubes, or welding fittings produced from one heat of steel...

  19. 46 CFR 54.05-10 - Certification of material toughness tests.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    .... The manufacturer of plates may certify such material, provided it has been given an appropriate heat... must be perpendicular to the final direction of rolling. When the direction of maximum stress is... five (5) short tons, or less, of the pipe, tubes, or welding fittings produced from one heat of steel...

  20. 24 CFR 3280.603 - General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... welding, brazing, or soldering or by paint, wax, tar, or other leak-sealing or repairing agents. (v... piping. All piping, pipe threads, hangers, and support exposed to the weather, water, mud, and road hazard, and subject to damage therefrom, shall be painted, coated, wrapped, or otherwise protected from...

  1. 24 CFR 3280.603 - General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... welding, brazing, or soldering or by paint, wax, tar, or other leak-sealing or repairing agents. (v... piping. All piping, pipe threads, hangers, and support exposed to the weather, water, mud, and road hazard, and subject to damage therefrom, shall be painted, coated, wrapped, or otherwise protected from...

  2. 24 CFR 3280.603 - General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... welding, brazing, or soldering or by paint, wax, tar, or other leak-sealing or repairing agents. (v... piping. All piping, pipe threads, hangers, and support exposed to the weather, water, mud, and road hazard, and subject to damage therefrom, shall be painted, coated, wrapped, or otherwise protected from...

  3. Slow fatigue testing of titanium grade 29 in air and seawater

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Atteraas, L.; Hersvik, G.; Solbakken, H.

    1999-07-01

    ASTM Grade 29 titanium has been fatigue tested in air and seawater at 110 C at a low frequency. The possible influence of seawater is completely masked by the fact that all the specimens of welded titanium, and most of the parent metal samples, had internal fracture initiations. Compared to the parent metal, the welded pipe specimens (5G orbital TIG) had a significantly lower fatigue life at the relatively high cyclic stress levels employed ({sigma}{sub max} = 0.85 {sigma}{sub y}). This is attributed to the presence of pores. Fractographic studies of failed weld metal specimens indicate that the fracture initiationmore » takes place in the material immediately surrounding a pore, with an abrupt crack formation, marking the beginning of the crack growth phase. The duration of the crack initiation phase shows large variations, whereas the growth phase duration varies little.« less

  4. 77 FR 64483 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Notice of Final...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ... Pipe from the Socialist Republic of Vietnam;'' ``Verification of the Sales Response of Midwest Air... Steel Joint Stock Company.... Sun Steel Joint Stock 4.57 Company. Huu Lien Asia Corporation........ Huu Lien Asia 4.57 Corporation. Hoa Phat Steel Pipe Co Hoa Phat Steel Pipe Co.. 4.57 Vietnam-Wide Rate \\13...

  5. 75 FR 44766 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe from Turkey: Final Results of Countervailing Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-29

    ... Standard Pipe from Turkey: Final Results of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... Department of Commerce (the Department) published in the Federal Register its preliminary results of... Carbon Steel Standard Pipe From Turkey: Preliminary Results of Countervailing Duty Administrative Review...

  6. 77 FR 65801 - Airworthiness Directives; BAE SYSTEMS (OPERATIONS) LIMITED Airplanes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-31

    ... hydraulic fluid or hydraulic vapor from entering the passenger compartment, possibly resulting in injury to... pipe failures were caused by a combination of seam welded pipes, bends in the pipe runs with small bend... compartment, possibly resulting in injury to the occupants. For the reasons described above, this [European...

  7. A Vibration-Based Strategy for Health Monitoring of Offshore Pipelines' Girth-Welds

    PubMed Central

    Razi, Pejman; Taheri, Farid

    2014-01-01

    This study presents numerical simulations and experimental verification of a vibration-based damage detection technique. Health monitoring of a submerged pipe's girth-weld against an advancing notch is attempted. Piezoelectric transducers are bonded on the pipe for sensing or actuation purposes. Vibration of the pipe is excited by two means: (i) an impulsive force; (ii) using one of the piezoelectric transducers as an actuator to propagate chirp waves into the pipe. The methodology adopts the empirical mode decomposition (EMD), which processes vibration data to establish energy-based damage indices. The results obtained from both the numerical and experimental studies confirm the integrity of the approach in identifying the existence, and progression of the advancing notch. The study also discusses and compares the performance of the two vibration excitation means in damage detection. PMID:25225877

  8. Advanced ultrasonic techniques for nondestructive testing of austenitic and dissimilar welds in nuclear facilities

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Juengert, Anne; Dugan, Sandra; Homann, Tobias; Mitzscherling, Steffen; Prager, Jens; Pudovikov, Sergey; Schwender, Thomas

    2018-04-01

    Austenitic stainless steel welds as well as dissimilar metal welds with nickel alloy filler material, used in safety relevant parts of nuclear power plants, still challenge the ultrasonic inspection. The weld material forms large oriented grains that lead, on the one hand, to high sound scattering and, on the other hand, to inhomogeneity and to the acoustic anisotropy of the weld structure. The ultrasonic wave fronts do not propagate linearly, as in ferritic weld joints, but along the curves, which depend on the specific grain structure of the weld. Due to the influence of these phenomena, it is difficult to analyze the inspection results and to classify the ultrasonic indications, which could be both from the weld geometry and from the material defects. A correct flaw sizing is not possible. In an ongoing research project, different techniques to improve the reliability of ultrasonic testing at these kinds of welds are investigated. In a first step (in the previous research project) two ultrasonic inspection techniques were developed and validated on plane test specimens with artificial and realistic flaws. In the ongoing project, these techniques are applied to circumferential pipe welds with longitudinal and transverse flaws. The technique developed at the Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM) in Germany uses a combination of ray tracing and synthetic aperture focusing technique (SAFT). To investigate the unknown grain structure, the velocity distribution of weld-transmitting ultrasound waves is measured and used to model the weld by ray tracing. The second technique, developed at the Fraunhofer Institute for Nondestructive Testing (IZFP) in Germany, uses Sampling Phased Array (Full Matrix Capture) combined with the reverse phase matching (RPM) and the gradient elastic constant descent algorithm (GECDM). This inspection method is able to estimate the elastic constants of the columnar grains in the weld and offers an improvement of the reliability of ultrasonic testing through the correction of the sound field distortion. The unknown inhomogeneity and anisotropy are investigated using a reference indication and the special optimization algorithm. Both reconstruction techniques give quantitative inspection results and allow the defect sizing. They have been compared to conventional ultrasonic testing with techniques that are state of the art for components in nuclear power plants. The improvement will be quantified by the comparison of the probability of detection (POD) of each technique.

  9. Thermal regulation in multiple-source arc welding involving material transformations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Doumanidis, C.C.

    1995-06-01

    This article addresses regulation of the thermal field generated during arc welding, as the cause of solidification, heat-affected zone and cooling rate related metallurgical transformations affecting the final microstructure and mechanical properties of various welded materials. This temperature field is described by a dynamic real-time process model, consisting of an analytical composite conduction expression for the solid region, and a lumped-state, double-stream circulation model in the weld pool, integrated with a Gaussian heat input and calibrated experimentally through butt joint GMAW tests on plain steel plates. This model serves as the basis of an in-process thermal control system employing feedbackmore » of part surface temperatures measured by infrared pyrometry; and real-time identification of the model parameters with a multivariable adaptive control strategy. Multiple heat inputs and continuous power distributions are implemented by a single time-multiplexed torch, scanning the weld surface to ensure independent, decoupled control of several thermal characteristics. Their regulation is experimentally obtained in longitudinal GTAW of stainless steel pipes, despite the presence of several geometrical, thermal and process condition disturbances of arc welding.« less

  10. Earth boring apparatus with multiple welds

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bolton, J.B.; Crews, S.T.

    1981-06-16

    A box tool joint member of generally tubular configuration is adapted for securement by welding to one end of a steel tube to form a drill pipe. The box tool joint member comprises a body having a cylindrical outer periphery, an internally threaded socket at one end of the body, and a weld neck of smaller outer diameter than the body adjacent to the other end of the body. A tapered transition piece connecting the neck with the adjacent end of the body provides an elevator shoulder. A correlative pin tool joint member is welded to the opposite end ofmore » the tube to complete the drill pipe. The box tool joint member has an annular band of hard facing over the outer periphery of the transition piece and extending down over the adjacent part of the weld neck and up around the adjacent part of the body. The hard facing is corrosion resistant and has a smooth finished surface. Underneath the hard facing and extending beyond both ends of the hard facing is an annular butter layer of non-hardenable steel. The tool joint member is hardened and tempered after the butter layer is welded into a body groove and before the hard facing is welded on .The butter layer is grooved before the hard facing is welded on.« less

  11. Development of the monitoring system to detect the piping thickness reduction

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, N. Y.; Ryu, K. H.; Oh, Y. J.

    2006-07-01

    As nuclear piping becomes aging, secondary piping which was considered safe, undergo thickness reduction problem these days. After some accidents caused by Flow Accelerated Corrosion (FAC), guidelines and recommendations for the thinned pipe management were issued, and thus need for monitoring increases. Through thinned pipe management program, monitoring activities based on the various analyses and the case study of other plants also increases. As the monitoring points increase, time needs to cover the recommended inspection area becomes increasing, while the time given to inspect the piping during overhaul becomes shortened. Existing Ultrasonic Technique (UT) can cover small area in amore » given time. Moreover, it cannot be applied to a complex geometry piping or a certain location like welded part. In this paper, we suggested Switching Direct Current Potential Drop (S-DCPD) method by which we can narrow down the FAC-susceptible area. To apply DCPD, we developed both resistance model and Finite Element Method (FEM) model to predict the DCPD feasibility. We tested elbow specimen to compare DCPD monitoring results with UT results to identify consistency. For the validation test, we designed simulation loop. To determine the text condition, we analyzed environmental parameters and introduced applicable wearing rate model. To obtain the model parameters, we developed electrodes and analyzed velocity profile in the test loop using CFX code. Based on the prediction model and prototype testing results, we are planning to perform validation test to identify applicability of S-DCPD in the NPP environment. Validation text plan will be described as a future work. (authors)« less

  12. 49 CFR 192.155 - Welded branch connections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... not reduced, taking into account the stresses in the remaining pipe wall due to the opening in the pipe or header, the shear stresses produced by the pressure acting on the area of the branch opening...

  13. 49 CFR 192.155 - Welded branch connections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... not reduced, taking into account the stresses in the remaining pipe wall due to the opening in the pipe or header, the shear stresses produced by the pressure acting on the area of the branch opening...

  14. 49 CFR 192.155 - Welded branch connections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... not reduced, taking into account the stresses in the remaining pipe wall due to the opening in the pipe or header, the shear stresses produced by the pressure acting on the area of the branch opening...

  15. 49 CFR 192.155 - Welded branch connections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... not reduced, taking into account the stresses in the remaining pipe wall due to the opening in the pipe or header, the shear stresses produced by the pressure acting on the area of the branch opening...

  16. Yield strength mapping in the cross section of ERW pipes considering kinematic hardening and residual stress

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Dongwook; Quagliato, Luca; Lee, Wontaek; Kim, Naksoo

    2017-09-01

    In the ERW (electric resistance welding) pipe manufacturing, material properties, process conditions and settings strongly influences the mechanical performances of the final product, as well as they can make them to be not uniform and to change from point to point in the pipe. The present research work proposes an integrated numerical model for the study of the whole ERW process, considering roll forming, welding and sizing stations, allowing to infer the influence of the process parameters on the final quality of the pipe, in terms of final shape and residual stress. The developed numerical model has been initially validated comparing the dimensions of the pipe derived from the simulation results with those of industrial production, proving the reliability of the approach. Afterwards, by varying the process parameters in the numerical simulation, namely the roll speed, the sizing ratio and the friction factor, the influence on the residual stress in the pipe, at the end of the process and after each station, is studied and discussed along the paper.

  17. 46 CFR 56.30-5 - Welded joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... systems and should be checked when designing for these systems. (c) Socket welds (Modifies 127.3.3A.). (1) Each socket weld must conform to ASME B16.11 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 56.01-2), to... approximately one-sixteenth inch between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket must be provided...

  18. 46 CFR 56.30-5 - Welded joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... systems and should be checked when designing for these systems. (c) Socket welds (Modifies 127.3.3A.). (1) Each socket weld must conform to ASME B16.11 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 56.01-2), to... approximately one-sixteenth inch between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket must be provided...

  19. 46 CFR 56.30-5 - Welded joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... systems and should be checked when designing for these systems. (c) Socket welds (Modifies 127.3.3A.). (1) Each socket weld must conform to ASME B16.11 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 56.01-2), to... approximately one-sixteenth inch between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket must be provided...

  20. 46 CFR 56.30-5 - Welded joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... systems and should be checked when designing for these systems. (c) Socket welds (Modifies 127.3.3A.). (1) Each socket weld must conform to ASME B16.11 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 56.01-2), to... approximately one-sixteenth inch between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket must be provided...

  1. 46 CFR 56.30-5 - Welded joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... systems and should be checked when designing for these systems. (c) Socket welds (Modifies 127.3.3A.). (1) Each socket weld must conform to ASME B16.11 (incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 56.01-2), to... approximately one-sixteenth inch between the end of the pipe and the bottom of the socket must be provided...

  2. Gas shielding apparatus

    DOEpatents

    Brandt, D.

    1984-06-05

    An apparatus for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area.

  3. Gas shielding apparatus

    DOEpatents

    Brandt, Daniel

    1985-01-01

    An apparatus for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area.

  4. Special Features of Induction Annealing of Friction Stir Welded Joints of Medium-Alloy Steels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Priymak, E. Yu.; Stepanchukova, A. V.; Bashirova, E. V.; Fot, A. P.; Firsova, N. V.

    2018-01-01

    Welded joints of medium-alloy steels XJY750 and 40KhN2MA are studied in the initial condition and after different variants of annealing. Special features of the phase transformations occurring in the welded steels are determined. Optimum modes of annealing are recommended for the studied welded joints of drill pipes, which provide a high level of mechanical properties including the case of impact loading.

  5. 46 CFR 38.10-10 - Cargo piping-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... pressure shall be seamless drawn steel or electric resistance welded steel. Pipe used in refrigerated tank systems shall be of a material which is suitable for the minimum service temperature to which it may be...

  6. 46 CFR 38.10-10 - Cargo piping-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... pressure shall be seamless drawn steel or electric resistance welded steel. Pipe used in refrigerated tank systems shall be of a material which is suitable for the minimum service temperature to which it may be...

  7. 46 CFR 38.10-10 - Cargo piping-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... pressure shall be seamless drawn steel or electric resistance welded steel. Pipe used in refrigerated tank systems shall be of a material which is suitable for the minimum service temperature to which it may be...

  8. 46 CFR 38.10-10 - Cargo piping-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... pressure shall be seamless drawn steel or electric resistance welded steel. Pipe used in refrigerated tank systems shall be of a material which is suitable for the minimum service temperature to which it may be...

  9. Feasibility evaluations for the integration of laser butt welding of tubes in industrial pipe coil production lines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Penasa, Mauro; Colombo, Enrico; Giolfo, Mauro

    1994-09-01

    Due to the good performance shown by laser welded joints, to the quality and repeatability achievable by this welding technique and to its high process productivity, a feature inherent to the laser technology which, together with its high flexibility, allows different operations to be performed by a single source, consistent savings in a production line may be obtained. Therefore laser welding techniques may be of high relevance for industrial applications, provided that a sufficient attention is paid to avoiding a low utilization time to the operating laser source. The paper describes a feasibility study for the integration of a laser source as an automatic unit for circumferential butt welding of tubes in production lines of pipe coils, just before the cold bending station. Using a 6 kW CO2 source, thickness ranging from 3.5 to 11.2 mm in carbon, low alloyed Cr-Mo and austenitic stainless steels, have been successfully welded. Cr-Mo steels require on line preheating treatment, which however can be achieved by laser defocused passes just before welding. The results of the preliminary qualification performed on laser welded joints of the involved topologies of product (materials, diameters and thicknesses) are described together with technological tests required for approval: laser circumferential butt welding of tubes has proven to be effective, with satisfactory and repeatable results and good joint performances. An exhaustive comparison with current welding techniques (TIG, MIG) is then carried out, along with a detailed analysis of the potential advantages and benefits which may be expected by using the laser welding technique, as well as with a first estimation of the investments and running costs. Since laser productivity is saturated only at a rough 35% during the year, an accurate analysis of other possible applications and of a possible lay out of a laser working cell integrated in the factory production lines is performed. Usually little attention is given to this problem and this is one of the causes of uncertainty when investments in a laser are planned. In most cases a source is devoted to a single application, even if effective working time is really low due to laser fast processing. Therefore potential benefits are substantially reduced to a minimum amount of what can be expected by this flexible technology.

  10. 76 FR 65748 - Certain Pipe and Tube From Brazil, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand, and Turkey; Commission...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-24

    ...-534, and 536 (Third Review)] Certain Pipe and Tube From Brazil, India, Korea, Mexico, Taiwan, Thailand... Turkey, the antidumping duty orders on welded carbon steel pipe and tube from India, Thailand, and Turkey... group responses with respect to Mexico, Thailand, and Turkey were adequate, and decided to conduct full...

  11. 76 FR 65179 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe From Turkey: Extension of Time for Preliminary Results...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-20

    ... Standard Pipe From Turkey: Extension of Time for Preliminary Results of Countervailing Duty Administrative... carbon steel standard pipe from Turkey covering the period of review January 1, 2010, through December 31... Republic of Turkey. There are 14 programs under review in addition to several newly alleged subsidies...

  12. 46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

  13. 46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

  14. 46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

  15. 46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

  16. 46 CFR 52.05-1 - General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-1 General (modifies PW-1 through PW-54). (a) Boilers and component parts, including piping, that are fabricated by welding shall be as indicated in PW...

  17. PFC Decontamination of a Metal Surface and the Recycling of a Spent PFC Solution

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jung, C.H.; Won, H.J.; Oh, W.Z.

    2006-07-01

    PFC (per-fluorocarbon) ultrasonic decontamination behavior of loosely contaminated metal specimens such as a plate, pipe, welding and a crevice specimen in a mixed solution of PFC and an anionic surfactant was investigated. Perfluoroheptane (C{sub 7}F{sub 16}) was used as a PFC ultrasonic media. The contaminants were completely removed for almost all of the tested specimens except for the longest pipe length specimen. For the 6-cm long specimen, 98.5 % of the contaminants were removed. For the recycling of the PFC solution, a distillation test for the spent PFC solution was also performed. The results show that 97.5 % of themore » PFC was recycled without a loss of the decontamination efficiency. (authors)« less

  18. A study on fatigue strength reduction factor for small diameter socket welded pipe joints

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Higuchi, Makoto; Nakagawa, Akira; Hayashi, Makoto

    1996-12-01

    Factors that may exert influence on the fatigue strength of small diameter socket welded joints of nominal diameter in the 20--50 mm range have been investigated by the fully reversed four-point bending fatigue test with the material, diameter, pipe schedule, throat depth, bead shape, slip-on gap, and root defect as the testing parameters. The fatigue strength of socket joints depended acutely on the diameter. When the diameter is large, the fatigue strength tended to be low and the fracture is of the root-failure mode; when it is small, on the other hand, the fatigue strength is high and the fracturemore » is of the toe-failure mode. Stainless steel proved to be superior to carbon steel; it gave rise to 1.37 times the fatigue strength of the latter for socket joints of nominal diameter 50 mm; the fatigue strength reduction factor determined at 10{sup 7} cycles with respect to the fatigue strength of smooth base metal in the fully reversed fatigue was about 4 for stainless steel and about 5 for carbon steel. The fatigue strength was higher, the larger the Sche number (i.e., the thicker the pipe wall); it was improved markedly by placing one final refinement pass on the toe or by eliminating the slip-on gap. An empirical formula relating the size of the root defect to the fatigue strength reduction has been proposed.« less

  19. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yang, Kyoung Mo; Jee, Kye Kwang; Pyo, Chang Ryul

    The basis of the leak before break (LBB) concept is to demonstrate that piping will leak significantly before a double ended guillotine break (DEGB) occurs. This is demonstrated by quantifying and evaluating the leak process and prescribing safe shutdown of the plant on the basis of the monitored leak rate. The application of LBB for power plant design has reduced plant cost while improving plant integrity. Several evaluations employing LBB analysis on system piping based on DEGB design have been completed. However, the application of LBB on main steam (MS) piping, which is LBB applicable piping, has not been performedmore » due to several uncertainties associated with occurrence of steam hammer and dynamic strain aging (DSA). The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the applicability of the LBB design concept to main steam lines manufactured with SA106 Gr.C carbon steel. Based on the material properties, including fracture toughness and tensile properties obtained from the comprehensive material tests for base and weld metals, a parametric study was performed as described in this paper. The PICEP code was used to determine leak size crack (LSC) and the FLET code was used to perform the stability assessment of MS piping. The effects of material properties obtained from tests were evaluated to determine the LBB applicability for the MS piping. It can be shown from this parametric study that the MS piping has a high possibility of design using LBB analysis.« less

  20. Gas shielding apparatus

    DOEpatents

    Brandt, D.

    1985-12-31

    An apparatus is disclosed for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area. 3 figs.

  1. Weld residual stresses and plastic deformation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rybicki, E.; Shiratori, M.

    1989-01-01

    Residual stresses due to welding can play a primary role in the performance of piping systems and pressure vessels. The stresses are high, in the range of the yield stress of the material, and can influence the fatigue and fracture behavior as well as component service life. Thus, it is important to have an understanding of weld residual stresses. The papers in this section address the important topic of residual stresses and failure analysis. The paper by Boyles reviews computer simulation in the prediction and analysis of fatigue, fracture, and creep of welded structures. The growing use of expert systemsmore » for these purposes is also covered. Karisson, et al, determine the deformations and stresses during the butt-welding of a pipe. The determination of residual deformations and stresses is also presented. Oddy, Goldak, and McDill propose a method to incorporate transformation plasticity in a finite element program. A three-dimensional analysis of a short longitudinal pipe weld in a typical pressure vessel steel is presented. Chaaban, Morin, Ma, and Bazergui study the influence of ligament thickness, strain hardening, expansion sequence, and level of applied expansion pressure on the interference fit in a model of a tube-to-tubesheet joint in a heat exchanger. This section contains papers dealing with models for plastic deformation. Imatani, Teraura, and Inoue formulate a viscoplastic constitutive model based on an anisotropic yield criterion. Comparisons with experimental results obtained using thin walled tubular specimens made from SUS 304 stainless steel show that the present yield criterion adequately accounts for prior deformation history. Niitsu, Horiguchi, and Ikegami investigate the plastic behavior of S25C mild steel tubular specimens subjected to combined axial and torsional loading at both constant and variable temperatures.« less

  2. 49 CFR 192.113 - Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. 192... § 192.113 Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. The longitudinal joint factor to be used in the... class Longitudinal joint factor (E) ASTM A 53/A53M Seamless 1.00 Electric resistance welded 1.00 Furnace...

  3. 49 CFR 192.113 - Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. 192... § 192.113 Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. The longitudinal joint factor to be used in the... class Longitudinal joint factor (E) ASTM A 53/A53M Seamless 1.00 Electric resistance welded 1.00 Furnace...

  4. 49 CFR 192.113 - Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. 192... § 192.113 Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. The longitudinal joint factor to be used in the... class Longitudinal joint factor (E) ASTM A 53/A53M Seamless 1.00 Electric resistance welded 1.00 Furnace...

  5. 49 CFR 192.113 - Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. 192... § 192.113 Longitudinal joint factor (E) for steel pipe. The longitudinal joint factor to be used in the... class Longitudinal joint factor (E) ASTM A 53/A53M Seamless 1.00 Electric resistance welded 1.00 Furnace...

  6. 77 FR 34344 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of the Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-11

    ... known as standard pipes and tubes and are intended for the low-pressure conveyance of water, steam, natural gas, air, and other liquids and gases in plumbing and heating systems, air- conditioning units, automatic sprinkler systems, and other related uses. Standard pipe may also be used for light load-bearing...

  7. Automatic welding systems gain world-wide acceptance

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ives, G. Jr.

    1979-04-01

    Five automatic welding systems are currently available for commercial use, marketed by three US companies - CRC Automatic Welding Co., H.C. Price Co., and Diametrics Inc. - as well as by Belgium's S.A. Arcos Co. (the Orbimatic welding device) and France's Societe Serimer. The pioneer and leader of the field, CRC has served on 52 projects since 1969, including the 56-in. Orenburg line in the USSR. In comparison, the other systems have seen only limited activity. The Orbimatic welder has been used in the Netherlands and other Western European countries on projects with up to 42-in.-diameter pipe. The H.C. Pricemore » welder proved successful in North Sea construction and last year in Mexico's Troncal Sistema Nacional de Gas. The Diametrics welder relies on the electric flash-butt system used on large-diameter projects in the USSR. The most recent entry into the commerical market, France's Serimer completed field testing last year. Four other welders have recently been announced but are not yet commercially available.« less

  8. 75 FR 70908 - Circular Welded Austenitic Stainless Pressure Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Extension...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-570-930] Circular Welded Austenitic... Results of the Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade... Farlander and Patrick O'Connor, AD/CVD Operations, Import Administration, International Trade Administration...

  9. 75 FR 78216 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-15

    ... Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from Brazil, the Republic of Korea (Korea), Mexico, and Venezuela and Amendment..., Director, Office 7 to Michael Walsh, Director, AD/CVD Revenue Policy & Programs, U.S. Customs and Border...

  10. Evaluation of Residual Stress Measurements Before and After Post-Weld Heat Treatment in the Weld Repairs

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pardowska, Anna M.; Price, John W. H.; Finlayson, Trevor R.; Ibrahim, R.

    2010-11-01

    Welding repairs are increasingly a structural integrity concern for aging pressure vessel and piping components. It has been demonstrated that the residual stress distribution near repair welds can be drastically different from that of the original weld. Residual stresses have a significant effect on the lifetime performance of a weld, and a reduction of these stresses is normally desirable. The aim of this paper is to investigate residual stresses in various weld repair arrangements using the non-destructive neutron diffraction technique. This research is focused on characterization of the residual stress distribution: (i) in the original weld; (ii) in a shallow toe weld repair; and (iii) after conventional post-weld heat treatment. The focus of the measurements is on the values of the subsurface strain/stress variations across the weld.

  11. Simulation of a manual electric-arc welding in a working gas pipeline. 1. Formulation of the problem

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Baikov, V. I.; Gishkelyuk, I. A.; Rus', A. M.; Sidorovich, T. V.; Tonkonogov, B. A.

    2010-11-01

    Problems of mathematical simulation of the temperature stresses arising in the wall of a pipe of a cross-country gas pipeline in the process of electric-arc welding of defects in it have been considered. Mathematical models of formation of temperatures, deformations, and stresses in a gas pipe subjected to phase transformations have been developed. These models were numerically realized in the form of algorithms representing a part of an application-program package. Results of verification of the computational complex and calculation results obtained with it are presented.

  12. 75 FR 14243 - Pipeline Safety: Girth Weld Quality Issues Due to Improper Transitioning, Misalignment, and...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-24

    ... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No..., and Welding Practices of Large Diameter Line Pipe AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety... bulletin to notify owners and operators of recently constructed large diameter natural gas pipeline and...

  13. Phase constitution characteristics of the Fe-Al alloy layer in the HAZ of calorized steel pipe

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Li Yajiang; Zou Zengda; Wei Xing

    1997-09-01

    Mechanical properties of the welding region and phase constitution characteristics in the iron-aluminum (Fe-Al) alloy layer of calorized steel pipes were researched by means of metallography, which included the use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) and an X-ray diffractometer. Experimental results indicated that the Fe-Al alloy layer of calorized steel pipe was mainly composed of an FeAl phase, an Fe{sub 3}Al phase and an {alpha}-Fe(Al) solid solution, and the microhardness in the Fe-Al coating was 600--310 HM from the surface layer to the inside. There were no higher aluminum content phases, suchmore » as brittle FeAl{sub 2}, Fe{sub 2}Al{sub 5} and FeAl{sub 3}. By controlling the aluminizing process parameters, the ability to bear deformation and weld-ability of the calorized steel pipe were remarkably improved.« less

  14. Tracking chamber made of 15-mm mylar drift tubes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kozhin, A.; Borisov, A.; Bozhko, N.; Fakhrutdinov, R.; Plotnikov, I.

    2017-05-01

    We are presenting a drift chamber composed from three layers of mylar drift tubes with outer diameter 15 mm. The pipe is made of strip of mylar film 125 micrometers thick covered with aluminium from the both sides. A strip of mylar is wrapped around the mandrel. Pipe is created by ultrasonic welding. A single drift tube is self-supported structure withstanding 350 g wire tension without supports and internal overpressure. About 400 such tubes were assembled. Design, quality control procedures of the drift tubes are described. Seven chambers were glued from these tubes of 560 mm length. Each chamber consists of 3 layers, 16 tubes per layer. Several chambers were tested with cosmic rays. Results of the tests, counting rate plateau and coordinate resolution are presented.

  15. Research and Development of Ultra-High Strength X100 Welded Pipe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chuanguo, Zhang; Lei, Zheng; Ping, Hu; Bei, Zhang; Kougen, Wu; Weifeng, Huang

    Ultra-high strength X100 welded pipe can be used in the construction of long distance oil and gas pipeline to improve transmission capacity and reduce operation cost. By using the way of thermo-simulation and pilot rolling, the CCT (Continuous Cooling Transformation) diagram and the relationship between ACC (Accelerated Cooling) parameters, microstructure and mechanical properties were studied for the designed X100 pipeline steel with low carbon, high manganese and niobium micro-alloyed composition in lab. The analysis of CCT diagram indicates that the suitable hardness and microstructure can be obtained in the cooling rate of 20 80°C/sec. The pilot rolling results show that the ACC cooling start temperature below Ar3 phase transformation point is beneficial to increase uniform elongation, and the cooling stop temperature of 150 350°C is helpful to obtain high strength and toughness combination. Based on the research conclusions, the X100 plate and UOE pipe with dimension in O.D.1219×W.T.14.8mm, O.D.1219×W.T.17.8mm, designed for the natural gas transmission pipeline, were trial produced. The manufactured pipe body impact absorbed energy at -10°C is over 250J. The DWTT shear area ratio at 0°C is over 85%. The transverse strength meets the X100 grade requirement, and uniform elongation is over 4%. The X100 plate and UOE pipe with dimension in O.D.711×W.T.20.0mm, O.D.711×W.T.12.5mm, designed for an offshore engineering, were also trial produced. The average impact absorbed energy of pipe body at -30°C is over 200J. The average impact absorbed energy of HAZ (Heat-affected zone) and WM (Welded Seam) at -30°C is over 100J. And the good pipe shapes were obtained

  16. 46 CFR 56.20-7 - Ends.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Ends. 56.20-7 Section 56.20-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-7 Ends. (a) Valves may be used with flanged, threaded, butt welding, socket welding or other ends...

  17. 46 CFR 56.20-7 - Ends.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ends. 56.20-7 Section 56.20-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-7 Ends. (a) Valves may be used with flanged, threaded, butt welding, socket welding or other ends...

  18. 46 CFR 56.20-7 - Ends.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ends. 56.20-7 Section 56.20-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-7 Ends. (a) Valves may be used with flanged, threaded, butt welding, socket welding or other ends...

  19. 46 CFR 56.20-7 - Ends.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Ends. 56.20-7 Section 56.20-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-7 Ends. (a) Valves may be used with flanged, threaded, butt welding, socket welding or other ends...

  20. 46 CFR 56.20-7 - Ends.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ends. 56.20-7 Section 56.20-7 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-7 Ends. (a) Valves may be used with flanged, threaded, butt welding, socket welding or other ends...

  1. 75 FR 68327 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipes and Tubes From India: Rescission of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-05

    ... Lloyds Metals & Engineers Ltd. and Lloyds Steel Industries Ltd.) (collectively, Lloyds) and Ushdev... and all affiliates, Lloyds Metals & Engineers Ltd., and Lloyds Steel Industries Ltd. Because we... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-533-502] Certain Welded Carbon Steel...

  2. 46 CFR 154.524 - Piping joints: Welded and screwed couplings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Section 154.524 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and... 979 kPa gauge (142 psig) must be removed after the weld is completed; (2) A consumable insert; or (3...

  3. 46 CFR 154.524 - Piping joints: Welded and screwed couplings.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Section 154.524 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) CERTAIN BULK DANGEROUS CARGOES SAFETY STANDARDS FOR SELF-PROPELLED VESSELS CARRYING BULK LIQUEFIED GASES Design, Construction and... 979 kPa gauge (142 psig) must be removed after the weld is completed; (2) A consumable insert; or (3...

  4. Manganese and welding fume exposure and control in construction.

    PubMed

    Meeker, John D; Susi, Pam; Flynn, Michael R

    2007-12-01

    Overexposure to welding fume constituents, particularly manganese, is of concern in the construction industry due to the prevalence of welding and the scarcity of engineering controls. The control effectiveness of a commercially available portable local exhaust ventilation (LEV) unit was assessed. It consisted of a portable vacuum and a small bell-shaped hood connected by a flexible 2 inch (50.8 mm) diameter hose, in both experimental and field settings. The experimental testing was done in a semienclosed booth at a pipefitter training facility. Five paired trials of LEV control vs. no control, each approximately 1 hr in duration and conducted during two successive welds of 6 inch (152.4 mm) diameter carbon steel pipe were run in random order. Breathing zone samples were collected outside the welding hood during each trial. In the field scenario, full-shift breathing zone samples were collected from two pipefitters welding carbon steel pipe for a chiller installation on a commercial construction project. Eight days of full-shift sampling were conducted on both workers (n = 16), and the LEV was used by one of the two workers on an alternating basis for 7 of the days. All samples were collected with personal sample pumps calibrated at 2 L/min. Filter cassettes were analyzed for total particulate and manganese concentration by a certified laboratory. In the experimental setting, use of the portable LEV resulted in a 75% reduction in manganese exposure (mean 13 microg/m(3) vs. 51 microg/m(3); p < 0.05) and a 60% reduction in total particulate (mean 0.74 mg/m(3) vs. 1.83 mg/m(3); p < 0.05). In the field setting, LEV use resulted in a 53% reduction in manganese exposure (geometric mean 46 microg/m(3) vs. 97 microg/m(3); p < 0.05) but only a 10% reduction in total particulate (geometric mean 4.5 mg/m(3) vs. 5.0 mg/m(3); p > 0.05). These results demonstrate that LEV use can reduce manganese exposure associated with welding tasks in construction.

  5. Lightweight Heat Pipes Made from Magnesium

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rosenfeld, John N.; Zarembo, Sergei N.; Eastman, G. Yale

    2010-01-01

    Magnesium has shown promise as a lighter-weight alternative to the aluminum alloys now used to make the main structural components of axially grooved heat pipes that contain ammonia as the working fluid. Magnesium heat-pipe structures can be fabricated by conventional processes that include extrusion, machining, welding, and bending. The thermal performances of magnesium heat pipes are the same as those of equal-sized aluminum heat pipes. However, by virtue of the lower mass density of magnesium, the magnesium heat pipes weigh 35 percent less. Conceived for use aboard spacecraft, magnesium heat pipes could also be attractive as heat-transfer devices in terrestrial applications in which minimization of weight is sought: examples include radio-communication equipment and laptop computers.

  6. Construction and 1st Experiment of the 500-meter and 1000-meter DC Superconducting Power Cable in Ishikari

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yamaguchi, S.; Ivanov, Y.; Watanabe, H.; Chikumoto, N.; Koshiduka, H.; Hayashi, K.; Sawamura, T.

    Ishikari project constructs two lines. The length of the Line 1 is 500 m, and connects the photovoltaic cell to the internet-data center. The other line is 1 km length, and it is a test facility and called Line 2. The structures of the cable systems are not same to test their performance. The construction was started from 2014 in the field, the Line 1 was completed in May 2015, and it was cooled down and do the current experiment, and warmed up. The Line 2 is almost complete in October 2015. It will be tested in November and December, 2015. In order to reduce the stress of the cable induced by the thermal expansion and contraction, we adopted the way of the helical deformation of the cable. The force of the cable is reduced to 1/3 of an usual cable test. Because the cryogenic pipes are welded in the field and we cannot use the baking of the vacuum chamber of the cryogenic pipe, a new vacuum pumping method was proposed and tested for the cryogenic pipe. Since the straight pipes are used to compose the cryogenic pipe, the pressure drop of the circulation would be 1/100 of the corrugated pipe in the present condition, and it is suitable for longer cable system. The heat leak of the cryogenic pipe is ∼1.4W/m including the cable pipe's and the return pipe's. The heat leak of the current lead is ∼30W/kA in the test bench. Finally the current of 6kA/3 sec and the current of 5kA/15 min were achieved in Line 1. The reduction of heat leak will be a major subject of the longer cable system. The cost of the construction will be almost twice higher than that of the copper and aluminum over-head line with the iron tower in the present Japan. The cost construction of the over-head line is an average value, and depends on the newspaper.

  7. 49 CFR 192.285 - Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.285 Plastic pipe: Qualifying persons to make joints. (a) No person may...

  8. Langley Research Center Standard for the Evaluation of Socket Welds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Berry, R. F., Jr.

    1985-01-01

    A specification utilized for the nondestructive evaluation of socket type pipe joints at Langley Research Center (LaRC) is discussed. The scope of hardware shall include, but is not limited to, all common pipe fittings: tees, elbows, couplings, caps, and so forth, socket type flanges, unions, and valves. In addition, the exterior weld of slip on flanges shall be inspected using this specification. At the discretion of the design engineer, standard practice engineer, Fracture Mechanics Engineering Section, Pressure Systems Committee, or other authority, four nondestructive evaluation techniques may be utilized exclusively, or in combination, to inspect socket type welds. These techniques are visual, radiographic, magnetic particle, and dye penetrant. Under special circumstances, other techniques (such as eddy current or ultrasonics) may be required and their application shall be guided by the appropriate sections of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (B&PVC).

  9. Quantitative Residual Strain Analyses on Strain Hardened Nickel Based Alloy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yonezawa, Toshio; Maeguchi, Takaharu; Goto, Toru; Juan, Hou

    Many papers have reported about the effects of strain hardening by cold rolling, grinding, welding, etc. on stress corrosion cracking susceptibility of nickel based alloys and austenitic stainless steels for LWR pipings and components. But, the residual strain value due to cold rolling, grinding, welding, etc. is not so quantitatively evaluated.

  10. 76 FR 57020 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Notice of Partial Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-15

    ...) Tension Steel Industries Co. Ltd. Partial Rescission The applicable regulation, 19 CFR 351.213(d)(1....); and (6) Tension Steel Industries Co. Ltd. This review will continue with respect to Yieh Phui... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE International Trade Administration [A-583-008] Circular Welded Carbon Steel...

  11. Advanced radiator concepts utilizing honeycomb panel heat pipes

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fleischman, G. L.; Peck, S. J.; Tanzer, H. J.

    1987-01-01

    The feasibility of fabricating and processing moderate temperature range vapor chamber type heat pipes in a low mass honeycomb panel configuration for highly efficient radiator fins for potential use on the space station was investigated. A variety of honeycomb panel facesheet and core-ribbon wick concepts were evaluated within constraints dictated by existing manufacturing technology and equipment. Concepts evaluated include type of material, material and panel thickness, wick type and manufacturability, liquid and vapor communication among honeycomb cells, and liquid flow return from condenser to evaporator facesheet areas. A thin-wall all-welded stainless steel design with methanol as the working fluid was the initial prototype unit. It was found that an aluminum panel could not be fabricated in the same manner as a stainless steel panel due to diffusion bonding and resistance welding considerations. Therefore, a formed and welded design was developed. The prototype consists of ten panels welded together into a large panel 122 by 24 by 0.15 in., with a heat rejection capability of 1000 watts and a fin efficiency of essentially 1.0.

  12. The potential of a GAS can with payload G-169

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Tamir, David

    1988-01-01

    The feasibility of using welding for the construction, expansion and emergency repair of space based structures is discussed and the advantages of gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) over other welding techniques are briefly examined. The objective and design concept for the G-169 Get Away Special payload are described. The G-169 experiment will allow the comparison of a space GTA welded joint with a terrestrial GTA welded joint with all parameters held constant except for gravitational forces. Specifically, a bead-on-plate weld around the perimeter of a 2 inch diameter stainless steel pipe section will be performed. The use of Learjet microgravity simulation for the G-169 and other Get Away Special experiments is also addressed.

  13. 49 CFR 192.229 - Limitations on welders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY....227(a)— (1) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20... pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than 20 percent of SMYS unless...

  14. 49 CFR 192.229 - Limitations on welders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY....227(a)— (1) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20... pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than 20 percent of SMYS unless...

  15. 49 CFR 192.229 - Limitations on welders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY....227(a)— (1) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20... pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than 20 percent of SMYS unless...

  16. 49 CFR 192.229 - Limitations on welders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY....227(a)— (1) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20... pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than 20 percent of SMYS unless...

  17. 49 CFR 192.229 - Limitations on welders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY....227(a)— (1) May not weld on pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of 20... pipe to be operated at a pressure that produces a hoop stress of less than 20 percent of SMYS unless...

  18. 76 FR 77770 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-14

    ...-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Final Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review AGENCY: Import... Department of Commerce (the Department) published the preliminary results of the administrative review of the...: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review, 76 FR 49437 (August 10, 2011) (Preliminary...

  19. 76 FR 37320 - Certain Welded Stainless Steel Pipes From the Republic of Korea: Notice of Court Decision Not in...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-27

    ... Steel Pipes From the Republic of Korea: Notice of Court Decision Not in Harmony With Final Results of Administrative Review and Amended Final Results AGENCY: Import Administration, International Trade Administration...) sustained the Department of Commerce's (the Department's) results of redetermination as applied to...

  20. 75 FR 81968 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-29

    ... and its individual members, Allied Tube & Conduit, IPSCO Tubulars, Inc., Sharon Tube Company, Western Tube & Conduit Corporation, and Wheatland Tube Company (collectively, ``Petitioner''), that the... pipes and tubes, of circular cross-section, and with an outside diameter of 0.372 inches (9.45 mm) or...

  1. 77 FR 32531 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the Sultanate of Oman: Preliminary Determination...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-01

    ... antidumping duty investigation on certain steel pipe from India, Oman, the UAE, and Vietnam.\\2\\ The Department... the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Initiation of Antidumping Duty Investigations, 76 FR 72164... notified all interested parties of its intent to select mandatory respondents for this investigation based...

  2. 78 FR 64477 - Welded Large Diameter Line Pipe From Japan: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Order

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-29

    ... Pipe From Japan: Continuation of Antidumping Duty Order AGENCY: Enforcement and Compliance, Formerly...) from Japan would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of dumping and material injury to an... Department published the antidumping duty order on LDLP from Japan.\\1\\ On October 1, 2012, the Department...

  3. 77 FR 64473 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the Sultanate of Oman: Final Affirmative...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ...-Quality Steel Pipe From the Sultanate of Oman: Final Affirmative Countervailing Duty Determination AGENCY... Sultanate of Oman (``Oman''). DATES: Effective Date: October 22, 2012. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT... Sultanate of Oman (``GSO'') on April 5, April 20, and May 10, 2012. We received the GSO's responses...

  4. 78 FR 49255 - Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Partial Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-13

    ... Co., Ltd., Tension Steel Industries Co., Ltd., and Yieh Phui Enterprise Co., Ltd. Petitioner... Steel Industries Co., Ltd.; and (5) Yieh Phui Enterprise Co., Ltd. This review will continue with... Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Partial Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review...

  5. 76 FR 77480 - Certain Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Notice of Rescission of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-13

    ... Kao Hsiung Chang Iron & Steel Corp.); and (6) Tension Steel Industries Co. Ltd. The Department... Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Taiwan: Notice of Rescission of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review... response to a request from United States Steel Corporation, an interested party, the Department of Commerce...

  6. 75 FR 16439 - Certain Welded Carbon Steel Standard Pipe From Turkey: Preliminary Results of Countervailing Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-01

    ... of businesses, which the GOK deemed ``harmful to juveniles, affecting public morals, certain private... (August 30, 2002), and accompanying Issues and Decision Memorandum (Wire Rod Memorandum) at ``Benchmark... from Turkey, 71 FR 43111 (July 31, 2006) (2004 Pipe Final), and accompanying Issues and Decision...

  7. 76 FR 49437 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-10

    ... Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from Brazil, the Republic of Korea (Korea), Mexico, and Venezuela and Amendment... 23954 (May 6, 2003) (Assessment Policy Notice). Because ``as entered'' liquidation instructions do not... assessment'' regulation on May 6, 2003. See Assessment Policy Notice. This clarification will apply to POR...

  8. Automatic orbital GTAW welding: Highest quality welds for tomorrow's high-performance systems

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Henon, B. K.

    1985-01-01

    Automatic orbital gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or TIG welding is certain to play an increasingly prominent role in tomorrow's technology. The welds are of the highest quality and the repeatability of automatic weldings is vastly superior to that of manual welding. Since less heat is applied to the weld during automatic welding than manual welding, there is less change in the metallurgical properties of the parent material. The possibility of accurate control and the cleanliness of the automatic GTAW welding process make it highly suitable to the welding of the more exotic and expensive materials which are now widely used in the aerospace and hydrospace industries. Titanium, stainless steel, Inconel, and Incoloy, as well as, aluminum can all be welded to the highest quality specifications automatically. Automatic orbital GTAW equipment is available for the fusion butt welding of tube-to-tube, as well as, tube to autobuttweld fittings. The same equipment can also be used for the fusion butt welding of up to 6 inch pipe with a wall thickness of up to 0.154 inches.

  9. 77 FR 73617 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Preliminary Results and Partial...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-11

    ... Venezuela and Amendment to Final Determination of Sales at Less Than Fair Value: Certain Welded Non-Alloy... Antidumping Duties, 68 FR 23954 (May 6, 2003) (Assessment Policy Notice). Because ``as entered'' liquidation instructions do not alleviate the concerns which the Assessment Policy Notice was intended to address, we find...

  10. A Computational approach in optimizing process parameters of GTAW for SA 106 Grade B steel pipes using Response surface methodology

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sumesh, A.; Sai Ramnadh, L. V.; Manish, P.; Harnath, V.; Lakshman, V.

    2016-09-01

    Welding is one of the most common metal joining techniques used in industry for decades. As in the global manufacturing scenario the products should be more cost effective. Therefore the selection of right process with optimal parameters will help the industry in minimizing their cost of production. SA 106 Grade B steel has a wide application in Automobile chassis structure, Boiler tubes and pressure vessels industries. Employing central composite design the process parameters for Gas Tungsten Arc Welding was optimized. The input parameters chosen were weld current, peak current and frequency. The joint tensile strength was the response considered in this study. Analysis of variance was performed to determine the statistical significance of the parameters and a Regression analysis was performed to determine the effect of input parameters over the response. From the experiment the maximum tensile strength obtained was 95 KN reported for a weld current of 95 Amp, frequency of 50 Hz and peak current of 100 Amp. With an aim of maximizing the joint strength using Response optimizer a target value of 100 KN is selected and regression models were optimized. The output results are achievable with a Weld current of 62.6148 Amp, Frequency of 23.1821 Hz, and Peak current of 65.9104 Amp. Using Die penetration test the weld joints were also classified in to 2 categories as good weld and weld with defect. This will also help in getting a defect free joint when welding is performed using GTAW process.

  11. Characteristics of iron corrosion scales and water quality variations in drinking water distribution systems of different pipe materials.

    PubMed

    Li, Manjie; Liu, Zhaowei; Chen, Yongcan; Hai, Yang

    2016-12-01

    Interaction between old, corroded iron pipe surfaces and bulk water is crucial to the water quality protection in drinking water distribution systems (WDS). Iron released from corrosion products will deteriorate water quality and lead to red water. This study attempted to understand the effects of pipe materials on corrosion scale characteristics and water quality variations in WDS. A more than 20-year-old hybrid pipe section assembled of unlined cast iron pipe (UCIP) and galvanized iron pipe (GIP) was selected to investigate physico-chemical characteristics of corrosion scales and their effects on water quality variations. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) were used to analyze micromorphology and chemical composition of corrosion scales. In bench testing, water quality parameters, such as pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), oxidation reduction potential (ORP), alkalinity, conductivity, turbidity, color, Fe 2+ , Fe 3+ and Zn 2+ , were determined. Scale analysis and bench-scale testing results demonstrated a significant effect of pipe materials on scale characteristics and thereby water quality variations in WDS. Characteristics of corrosion scales sampled from different pipe segments show obvious differences, both in physical and chemical aspects. Corrosion scales were found highly amorphous. Thanks to the protection of zinc coatings, GIP system was identified as the best water quality stability, in spite of high zinc release potential. It is deduced that the complicated composition of corrosion scales and structural break by the weld result in the diminished water quality stability in HP system. Measurement results showed that iron is released mainly in ferric particulate form. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  12. Finned Carbon-Carbon Heat Pipe with Potassium Working Fluid

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Juhasz, Albert J.

    2010-01-01

    This elemental space radiator heat pipe is designed to operate in the 700 to 875 K temperature range. It consists of a C-C (carbon-carbon) shell made from poly-acrylonitride fibers that are woven in an angle interlock pattern and densified with pitch at high process temperature with integrally woven fins. The fins are 2.5 cm long and 1 mm thick, and provide an extended radiating surface at the colder condenser section of the heat pipe. The weave pattern features a continuous fiber bath from the inner tube surface to the outside edges of the fins to maximize the thermal conductance, and to thus minimize the temperature drop at the condenser end. The heat pipe and radiator element together are less than one-third the mass of conventional heat pipes of the same heat rejection surface area. To prevent the molten potassium working fluid from eroding the C C heat pipe wall, the shell is lined with a thin-walled, metallic tube liner (Nb-1 wt.% Zr), which is an integral part of a hermetic metal subassembly which is furnace-brazed to the inner surface of the C-C tube. The hermetic metal liner subassembly includes end caps and fill tubes fabricated from the same Nb-1Zr alloy. A combination of laser and electron beam methods is used to weld the end caps and fill tubes. A tungsten/inert gas weld seals the fill tubes after cleaning and charging the heat pipes with potassium. The external section of this liner, which was formed by a "Uniscan" rolling process, transitions to a larger wall thickness. This section, which protrudes beyond the C-C shell, constitutes the "evaporator" part of the heat pipe, while the section inside the shell constitutes the condenser of the heat pipe (see figure).

  13. 46 CFR 56.50-60 - Systems containing oil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... °F must be of seamless steel. (See § 56.50-65 of this part.) (k) Oil piping drains, strainers and... is of steel construction, all welded, and not concealed. (d) Piping subject to internal head pressure... installed on the outside of the oil tanks must be made of steel, ductile cast iron ASTM A 395 (incorporated...

  14. 46 CFR 56.50-60 - Systems containing oil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... °F must be of seamless steel. (See § 56.50-65 of this part.) (k) Oil piping drains, strainers and... is of steel construction, all welded, and not concealed. (d) Piping subject to internal head pressure... installed on the outside of the oil tanks must be made of steel, ductile cast iron ASTM A 395 (incorporated...

  15. 46 CFR 56.50-60 - Systems containing oil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... °F must be of seamless steel. (See § 56.50-65 of this part.) (k) Oil piping drains, strainers and... is of steel construction, all welded, and not concealed. (d) Piping subject to internal head pressure... installed on the outside of the oil tanks must be made of steel, ductile cast iron ASTM A 395 (incorporated...

  16. 46 CFR 56.50-60 - Systems containing oil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... °F must be of seamless steel. (See § 56.50-65 of this part.) (k) Oil piping drains, strainers and... is of steel construction, all welded, and not concealed. (d) Piping subject to internal head pressure... installed on the outside of the oil tanks must be made of steel, ductile cast iron ASTM A 395 (incorporated...

  17. 46 CFR 56.50-60 - Systems containing oil.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... °F must be of seamless steel. (See § 56.50-65 of this part.) (k) Oil piping drains, strainers and... is of steel construction, all welded, and not concealed. (d) Piping subject to internal head pressure... installed on the outside of the oil tanks must be made of steel, ductile cast iron ASTM A 395 (incorporated...

  18. 46 CFR 52.05-45 - Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41). 52.05-45 Section 52.05-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-45...

  19. 46 CFR 56.20-1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General. 56.20-1 Section 56.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-1 General. (a) Valves certified in accordance with subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Non-welde...

  20. 46 CFR 56.20-1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false General. 56.20-1 Section 56.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-1 General. (a) Valves certified in accordance with subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Non-welde...

  1. 46 CFR 56.20-1 - General.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General. 56.20-1 Section 56.20-1 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING PIPING SYSTEMS AND APPURTENANCES Valves § 56.20-1 General. (a) Valves certified in accordance with subpart 50.25 of this subchapter are acceptable for use in piping systems. (b) Non-welde...

  2. 78 FR 72863 - Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-04

    ... Quality Steel Pipe From the People's Republic of China: Continuation of Countervailing Duty Order AGENCY...) from the People's Republic of China (PRC) would likely lead to continuation or recurrence of net... reasonably foreseeable time.\\3\\ \\1\\ See Initiation of Five-Year (``Sunset'') Review, 78 FR 33063 (June 3...

  3. 46 CFR 52.05-45 - Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41). 52.05-45 Section 52.05-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-45...

  4. 46 CFR 52.05-45 - Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41). 52.05-45 Section 52.05-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-45...

  5. 46 CFR 52.05-45 - Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41). 52.05-45 Section 52.05-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-45...

  6. 46 CFR 52.05-45 - Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Circumferential joints in pipes, tubes and headers (modifies PW-41). 52.05-45 Section 52.05-45 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING POWER BOILERS Requirements for Boilers Fabricated by Welding § 52.05-45...

  7. 77 FR 64465 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the United Arab Emirates: Final Affirmative...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ... of the Government of the UAE's (``GUAE''), Universal Tube and Plastic Industries, Ltd., KHK... forth above, and also has one or more of the following characteristics: Is 32 feet in length or less; is... Universal Tube and Plastic Industries, Ltd.; KHK 2.06 Scaffolding and Formwork LLC; Universal Tube and Pipe...

  8. 76 FR 36089 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From the Republic of Korea: Final Results of the Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-21

    ... Tube From Brazil, the Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Venezuela, 61 FR 11608 (March 21, 1996), pipe...) (``Assessment Policy Notice''). This clarification will apply to entries of subject merchandise during the... transaction. See Assessment Policy Notice for a full discussion of this clarification. Cash Deposit...

  9. Health monitoring of pipeline girth weld using empirical mode decomposition

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rezaei, Davood; Taheri, Farid

    2010-05-01

    In the present paper the Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT), as a time-series analysis technique, has been combined with a local diagnostic approach in an effort to identify flaws in pipeline girth welds. This method is based on monitoring the free vibration signals of the pipe at its healthy and flawed states, and processing the signals through the HHT and its associated signal decomposition technique, known as empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The EMD method decomposes the vibration signals into a collection of intrinsic mode functions (IMFs). The deviations in structural integrity, measured from a healthy-state baseline, are subsequently evaluated by two damage sensitive parameters. The first is a damage index, referred to as the EM-EDI, which is established based on an energy comparison of the first or second IMF of the vibration signals, before and after occurrence of damage. The second parameter is the evaluation of the lag in instantaneous phase, a quantity derived from the HHT. In the developed methodologies, the pipe's free vibration is monitored by piezoceramic sensors and a laser Doppler vibrometer. The effectiveness of the proposed techniques is demonstrated through a set of numerical and experimental studies on a steel pipe with a mid-span girth weld, for both pressurized and nonpressurized conditions. To simulate a crack, a narrow notch is cut on one side of the girth weld. Several damage scenarios, including notches of different depths and at various locations on the pipe, are investigated. Results from both numerical and experimental studies reveal that in all damage cases the sensor located at the notch vicinity could successfully detect the notch and qualitatively predict its severity. The effect of internal pressure on the damage identification method is also monitored. Overall, the results are encouraging and promise the effectiveness of the proposed approaches as inexpensive systems for structural health monitoring purposes.

  10. Monitoring of hot pipes at the power plant Neurath using guided waves

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Weihnacht, Bianca; Klesse, Thomas; Neubeck, Robert; Schubert, Lars

    2013-04-01

    In order to reduce the CO2-emissions and to increase the energy efficiency, the operating temperatures of power plants will be increased up to 720°C. This demands for novel high-performance steels in the piping systems. Higher temperatures lead to a higher risk of damage and have a direct impact on the structure stability and the deposition structure. Adequately trusted results for the prediction of the residual service life of those high strength steels are not available so far. To overcome these problems the implementation of an online monitoring system in addition to periodic testing is needed. RWE operates the lignite power plant Neurath. All test and research activities have to be checked regarding their safety and have to be coordinated with the business operation of the plant. An extra bypass was established for this research and made the investigations independent from the power plant operating. In order to protect the actuators and sensors from the heat radiated from the pipe, waveguides were welded to the bypass. The data was evaluated regarding their dependencies on the environmental influences like temperature and correction algorithms were developed. Furthermore, damages were introduced into the pipe with diameters of 8 mm to 10 mm and successfully detected by the acoustic method.

  11. Investigation of a Modified 9Cr-1Mo (P91) Pipe Failure

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Klueh, Ronald L; Shingledecker, John P

    2006-04-01

    A modified 9Cr-1Mo feedwater (condensate) line at an Eastman Chemical Company plant failed in January 2005. The line was in continuous service since start-up December 2001 until failure. The Plant Superintendent estimated there were three thermal cycles since start-up, although there may have been as many as 25 thermal cycles during commissioning. Normal operating temperature was 325 F (163 C) and pressure was 1762 psig. The line was steam traced with the tracing activated only when ambient outdoor temperature dropped to 40 F (5 C). A modified 9Cr-1Mo steel (P91) pipe failure in a feedwater line in a chemical plantmore » was investigated. The failure occurred in the vicinity of an elbow produced with socket welds of the pipe to the elbow. Based on metallography and hardness measurements, it was concluded that failure occurred because of an improper post-weld heat treatment of the socket weldment.« less

  12. 46 CFR 32.50-15 - Cargo piping on tank vessels constructed on or after July 1, 1951-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... the plating does not form part of a flanged joint. Piping may be carried through bunker spaces and... heavy, all joints are welded, and bends are installed to provide for expansion and contraction. (2) Tank... shall not pass through spaces containing machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present...

  13. 46 CFR 32.50-15 - Cargo piping on tank vessels constructed on or after July 1, 1951-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... the plating does not form part of a flanged joint. Piping may be carried through bunker spaces and... heavy, all joints are welded, and bends are installed to provide for expansion and contraction. (2) Tank... shall not pass through spaces containing machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present...

  14. 46 CFR 32.50-15 - Cargo piping on tank vessels constructed on or after July 1, 1951-TB/ALL.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... the plating does not form part of a flanged joint. Piping may be carried through bunker spaces and... heavy, all joints are welded, and bends are installed to provide for expansion and contraction. (2) Tank... shall not pass through spaces containing machinery where sources of vapor ignition are normally present...

  15. Abrasive wear of Hilong BoTN hardfacings

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fedorova, L.; Fedorov, S.; Sadovnikov, A.; Ivanova, Y.; Voronina, M.

    2018-02-01

    The spread of steels, which are used to produce locks of steel drill pipes, adversely affects their wear resistance, which, in combination with low hardness of HV 2400 ... 2800 MPa as well as of the thread of screw, results in low wear resistance and the need for their reconstruction at the pipe control shop. An efficient way of improving the quality of drill pipe jonts is to hard-face them by the outside diameter with wear-resistant materials (hardbanding). One of the companies engaged in the development of hardfacing materials and hardbanding is Hilong (China) with weld seams of the brand BoTn. According to the results of the studies the following conclusion can be made: hardfacing increases the durability of the hardware, contributing to an increase in wear resistance of locks of DP under the conditions of abrasive action of aggressive geological formations; the usage of DP without wear-resistant weld seams is impermissible, because their further operation, as part of the drill-stem, can lead to emergency consequences; application of the pipes with the hardfacing collars together with the collars without hardfacing, due to varying degree of wear of jonts in the drill-stem, is also impermissible.

  16. The Effects of an Unexpected Ceramic Coating Phase at the Head of a Pipe on Joining and Postprocessing of a Ceramic-Lined Composite Pipe

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mahmoodian, R.; Rahbari, R. G.; Hamdi, M.; Hassan, M. A.; Sparham, Mahdi

    2013-01-01

    Produced ceramic-lined steel pipe using the self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) method has found uses in many applications. A SHS-centrifugal machine was designed to produce a ceramic-lined steel pipe from ferric oxide and aluminum powder (thermite mixture) under high centrifugal acceleration. The obtained products are expected to be Al2O3 ceramic in the innermost layer and a Fe layer in a region between the outer steel pipes. In the present work, specific regions of a pipe was particularly observed to investigate the stuck (dead) spaces at the pipe head because of its importance in further processes (joining, welding, etc.) which may affect the quality of the next operations. In this article, the product's composition, phase separation, microhardness, and surface finish were studied on three zones of the pipe.

  17. Characterization of Mechanical Properties and Residual Stress in API 5L X80 Steel Welded Joints

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    de Sousa Lins, Amilton; de Souza, Luís Felipe Guimarães; Fonseca, Maria Cindra

    2018-01-01

    The use of high-strength and low-alloy steels, high design factors and increasingly stringent safety requirements have increased the operating pressure levels and, consequently, the need for further studies to avoid and prevent premature pipe failure. To evaluate the possibility of improving productivity in manual arc welding of this type of steel, this work characterizes the mechanical properties and residual stresses in API 5L X80 steel welded joints using the SMAW and FCAW processes. The residual stresses were analyzed using x-ray diffraction with the sin2 ψ method at the top and root of the welded joints in the longitudinal and transverse directions of the weld bead. The mechanical properties of the welded joints by both processes were characterized in terms of tensile strength, impact toughness and Vickers microhardness in the welded and shot peening conditions. A predominantly compressive residual stress was found, and shot peening increased the tensile strength and impact toughness in both welded joints.

  18. On-Site Evaluation of Large Components Using Saft and Tofd Ultrasonic Imaging

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Spies, M.; Rieder, H.; Dillhöfer, A.

    2011-06-01

    This contribution addresses ultrasonic inspection and evaluation of welds in large components. An approach has been developed in order to enhance the reliability of welded ship propellers. The Synthetic Aperture Focusing Technique (SAFT) has been modified with regard to the curved surfaces and the sound attenuation of cast Ni-Al bronzes. For weld inspection in steels the Time-of-Flight Diffraction technique (TOFD) can provide additional information for specific defect orientations. Both techniques have been combined in view of the determination of defect sizes and shapes in longitudinal welds of pipes with diameters of up to 48 inches. Details on the inspection and evaluation concepts as well as experimental results are presented.

  19. UOE Pipe Numerical Model: Manufacturing Process And Von Mises Residual Stresses Resulted After Each Technological Step

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Delistoian, Dmitri; Chirchor, Mihael

    2017-12-01

    Fluid transportation from production areas to final customer is effectuated by pipelines. For oil and gas industry, pipeline safety and reliability represents a priority. From this reason, pipe quality guarantee directly influence pipeline designed life, but first of all protects environment. A significant number of longitudinally welded pipes, for onshore/offshore pipelines, are manufactured by UOE method. This method is based on cold forming. In present study, using finite element method is modeled UOE pipe manufacturing process and is obtained von Mises stresses for each step. Numerical simulation is performed for L415 MB (X60) steel plate with 7,9 mm thickness, length 30 mm and width 1250mm, as result it is obtained a DN 400 pipe.

  20. 75 FR 34980 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from the Republic of Korea: Final Results of the Antidumping...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-21

    ... Republic of Korea, Mexico, and Venezuela, 61 FR 11608 (March 21, 1996), pipe certified to the API 5L line... Antidumping Duties, 68 FR 23954 (May 6, 2003) (``Assessment Policy Notice''). This clarification will apply to... there is no rate for the intermediary involved in the transaction. See Assessment Policy Notice for a...

  1. Volcanology of Tuzo pipe (Gahcho Kué cluster) — Root-diatreme processes re-interpreted

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Seghedi, I.; Maicher, D.; Kurszlaukis, S.

    2009-11-01

    The Middle Cambrian (~ 540 Ma) Gahcho Kué Kimberlite Field is situated about 275 km ENE of Yellowknife, NWT, Canada. The kimberlites were emplaced into 2.6 Ga Archean granitic rocks of the Yellowknife Supergroup. Four larger kimberlite bodies (5034, Tesla, Tuzo, and Hearne) as well as a number of smaller pipes and associated sheets occur in the field. In plan view, the Tuzo pipe has a circular outline at the surface, and it widens towards deeper levels. The pipe infill consists of several types of coherent and fragmental kimberlite facies. Coherent or apparent coherent (possibly welded) kimberlite facies dominate at depth, but also occur at shallow levels, as dikes intruded late in the eruptive sequence or individual coherent kimberlite clasts. The central and shallower portions of the pipe consist of several fragmental kimberlite varieties that are texturally classified as Tuffisitic Kimberlites. The definition, geometry and extent of the geological units are complex and zones controlled by vertical elements are most significant. The fluidal outlines of some of the coherent kimberlite clasts suggest that at least some are the product of disruption of magma that was in a semi-plastic state or even of welded material. Ragged clasts at low levels are inferred to form part of a complex peperite-like system that intrudes the base of the root zone. A variable, often high abundance of local wall-rock xenoliths between and within the kimberlite phases is observed, varying in size from sub-millimeter to several tens of meters. Wall-rock fragments are common at all locations within the pipe but are especially frequent in a domain with a belt-like geometry between 120 and 200 m depth in the pipe. Steeply outward-dipping bedded deposits made up of wall-rock fragments occur in deep levels of the pipe and are especially common under the downward-widening roof segments. The gradational contact relationships of these deposits with the surrounding kimberlite-bearing rocks as well as their location suggest that they formed more-or-less in situ. Different breccia facies inside the pipe suggest an origin by slumping, grain flows, rock fall or pyroclastic deposition. The shape and facies architecture of the Tuzo pipe suggests that the studied section of the pipe lies at a root zone-diatreme transitional structural level. Composite coherent kimberlite clasts imply that recycling processes were active over time, while reworked wall-rock rich deposits and ductily-deformed clasts of welded kimberlite point to the presence of temporary cavities in the root zone. The emplacement of the Tuzo pipe did not occur in a single, violent explosion, but involved repetitive volcanic explosions alternating with periods of relative quiescence. The observed features are typical of phreatomagmatic processes, which may include phases of less-explosive magmatic activity.

  2. Safety assessment for In-service Pressure Bending Pipe Containing Incomplete Penetration Defects

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, M.; Tang, P.; Xia, J. F.; Ling, Z. W.; Cai, G. Y.

    2017-12-01

    Incomplete penetration defect is a common defect in the welded joint of pressure pipes. While the safety classification of pressure pipe containing incomplete penetration defects, according to periodical inspection regulations in present, is more conservative. For reducing the repair of incomplete penetration defect, a scientific and applicable safety assessment method for pressure pipe is needed. In this paper, the stress analysis model of the pipe system was established for the in-service pressure bending pipe containing incomplete penetration defects. The local finite element model was set up to analyze the stress distribution of defect location and the stress linearization. And then, the applicability of two assessment methods, simplified assessment and U factor assessment method, to the assessment of incomplete penetration defects located at pressure bending pipe were analyzed. The results can provide some technical supports for the safety assessment of complex pipelines in the future.

  3. Research on Buckling State of Prestressed Fiber-Strengthened Steel Pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wang, Ruheng; Lan, Kunchang

    2018-01-01

    The main restorative methods of damaged oil and gas pipelines include welding reinforcement, fixture reinforcement and fiber material reinforcement. Owing to the severe corrosion problems of pipes in practical use, the research on renovation and consolidation techniques of damaged pipes gains extensive attention by experts and scholars both at home and abroad. The analysis of mechanical behaviors of reinforced pressure pipelines and further studies focusing on “the critical buckling” and intensity of pressure pipeline failure are conducted in this paper, providing theoretical basis to restressed fiber-strengthened steel pipes. Deformation coordination equations and buckling control equations of steel pipes under the effect of prestress is deduced by using Rayleigh Ritz method, which is an approximation method based on potential energy stationary value theory and minimum potential energy principle. According to the deformation of prestressed steel pipes, the deflection differential equation of prestressed steel pipes is established, and the critical value of buckling under prestress is obtained.

  4. Optimized design on condensing tubes high-speed TIG welding technology magnetic control based on genetic algorithm

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lu, Lin; Chang, Yunlong; Li, Yingmin; Lu, Ming

    2013-05-01

    An orthogonal experiment was conducted by the means of multivariate nonlinear regression equation to adjust the influence of external transverse magnetic field and Ar flow rate on welding quality in the process of welding condenser pipe by high-speed argon tungsten-arc welding (TIG for short). The magnetic induction and flow rate of Ar gas were used as optimum variables, and tensile strength of weld was set to objective function on the base of genetic algorithm theory, and then an optimal design was conducted. According to the request of physical production, the optimum variables were restrained. The genetic algorithm in the MATLAB was used for computing. A comparison between optimum results and experiment parameters was made. The results showed that the optimum technologic parameters could be chosen by the means of genetic algorithm with the conditions of excessive optimum variables in the process of high-speed welding. And optimum technologic parameters of welding coincided with experiment results.

  5. 76 FR 67413 - Antidumping or Countervailing Duty Order, Finding, or Suspended Investigation; Opportunity To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... Carbon And Alloy Steel A-570-956 11/10/10-10/31/11 Standard, Line, And Pressure Pipe Seamless Refined......... Lightweight Thermal Paper C-570-921 1/1/10-12/31/10 Seamless Carbon and Alloy Steel Standard, Line, 11/10/10.../31/11 Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe A-351-809... 11/1/10-10/31/11 Germany: Lightweight Thermal...

  6. 46 CFR 56.60-1 - Acceptable materials and specifications (replaces 123 and Table 126.1 in ASME B31.1).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... standards ASME standards Notes Pipe, seamless: A 106 Carbon steel ASME B31.1 A 335 Ferritic alloys ASME B31.1 A 376 Austenitic alloys ASME B31.1 (1). Pipe, seamless and welded: A 53 Types S, F, and E steel... cast: (None applicable) (1 9) Tube, seamless: A 179 Carbon steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes...

  7. 46 CFR 56.60-1 - Acceptable materials and specifications (replaces 123 and Table 126.1 in ASME B31.1).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... standards ASME standards Notes Pipe, seamless: A 106 Carbon steel ASME B31.1 A 335 Ferritic alloys ASME B31.1 A 376 Austenitic alloys ASME B31.1 (1). Pipe, seamless and welded: A 53 Types S, F, and E steel... cast: (None applicable) (1 9) Tube, seamless: A 179 Carbon steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes...

  8. 46 CFR 56.60-1 - Acceptable materials and specifications (replaces 123 and Table 126.1 in ASME B31.1).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... standards ASME standards Notes Pipe, seamless: A 106 Carbon steel ASME B31.1 A 335 Ferritic alloys ASME B31.1 A 376 Austenitic alloys ASME B31.1 (1). Pipe, seamless and welded: A 53 Types S, F, and E steel... cast: (None applicable) (1,9) Tube, seamless: A 179 Carbon steel heat exchanger and condenser tubes...

  9. 77 FR 64478 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India: Final Determination of Sales at Less Than...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ....D. and 0.165 inch wall thickness (gage 8) 4.000 inch O.D. and 0.148 inch wall thickness (gage 9) 4.000 inch O.D. and 0.165 inch wall thickness (gage 8) 4.500 inch O.D. and 0.203 inch wall thickness... investigation is Zenith Birla (India) Limited (previously known as Zenith Steel Pipes and Industries Ltd...

  10. 77 FR 64471 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the Socialist Republic of Vietnam: Final Negative...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-22

    ... (gage 8) 4.000 inch O.D. and 0.148 inch wall thickness (gage 9) 4.000 inch O.D. and 0.165 inch wall thickness (gage 8) 4.500 inch O.D. and 0.203 inch wall thickness (gage 7) The pipe subject to this... 4, 2012, the Department issued an additional supplemental questionnaire to the GOV, and it received...

  11. Composite drill pipe

    DOEpatents

    Leslie, James C [Fountain Valley, CA; Leslie, II, James C.; Heard, James [Huntington Beach, CA; Truong, Liem , Josephson; Marvin, Neubert [Huntington Beach, CA; Hans, [Anaheim, CA

    2008-12-02

    A composite pipe segment is formed to include tapered in wall thickness ends that are each defined by opposed frustoconical surfaces conformed for self centering receipt and intimate bonding contact within an annular space between corresponding surfaces of a coaxially nested set of metal end pieces. The distal peripheries of the nested end pieces are then welded to each other and the sandwiched and bonded portions are radially pinned. The composite segment may include imbedded conductive leads and the axial end portions of the end pieces are shaped to form a threaded joint with the next pipe assembly that includes a contact ring in one pipe assembly pierced by a pointed contact in the other to connect the corresponding leads across the joint.

  12. Acceptance criteria for welds in ASTM A106 grade B steel pipe and plate

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hudson, C. M.; Wright, D. B., Jr.; Leis, B. N.

    1986-01-01

    Based on the RECERT Program findings, NASA-Langley funded a fatigue study of code-unacceptable welds. Usage curves were developed which were based on the structural integrity of the welds. The details of this study are presented in NASA CR-178114. The information presented is a condensation and reinterpretation of the information in NASA CR-178114. This condensation and reinterpretation generated usage curves for welds having: (1) indications 0.20 -inch deep by 0.40-inch long, and (2) indications 0.195-inch deep by 8.4-inches long. These curves were developed using the procedures used in formulating the design curves in Section VIII, Division 2 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code.

  13. Composite drill pipe and method for forming same

    DOEpatents

    Leslie, James C; Leslie, II, James C; Heard, James; Truong, Liem V; Josephson, Marvin

    2012-10-16

    A lightweight and durable drill pipe string capable of short radius drilling formed using a composite pipe segment formed to include tapered wall thickness ends that are each defined by opposed frustoconical surfaces conformed for self-aligning receipt and intimate bonding contact within an annular space between corresponding surfaces of a coaxially nested set of metal end pieces and a set of nonconductive sleeves. The distal peripheries of the nested end pieces and sleeves are then welded to each other and the sandwiched and bonded portions are radially pinned. The composite segment may include imbedded conductive leads and the axial end portions of the end pieces are shaped to form a threaded joint with the next pipe assembly that includes contact rings in the opposed surfaces of the pipe joint for contact together.

  14. Design of welding parameters for laser welding of thin-walled stainless steel tubes using numerical simulation

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nagy, M.; Behúlová, M.

    2017-11-01

    Nowadays, the laser technology is used in a wide spectrum of applications, especially in engineering, electronics, medicine, automotive, aeronautic or military industries. In the field of mechanical engineering, the laser technology reaches the biggest increase in the automotive industry, mainly due to the introduction of automation utilizing 5-axial movements. Modelling and numerical simulation of laser welding processes has been exploited with many advantages for the investigation of physical principles and complex phenomena connected with this joining technology. The paper is focused on the application of numerical simulation to the design of welding parameters for the circumferential laser welding of thin-walled exhaust pipes from theAISI 304 steel for automotive industry. Using the developed and experimentally verified simulation model for laser welding of tubes, the influence of welding parameters including the laser velocity from 30 mm.s-1 to 60 mm.s-1 and the laser power from 500 W to 1200 W on the temperature fields and dimensions of fusion zone was investigated using the program code ANSYS. Based on obtained results, the welding schedule for the laser beam welding of thin-walled tubes from the AISI 304 steel was suggested.

  15. High Power Laser Hybrid Welding - Challenges and Perspectives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Nielsen, Steen Erik

    High power industrial lasers at power levels up to 100 kW is now available on the market. Therefore, welding of thicker materials has become of interest for the heavy metal industry e.g. shipyards and wind mill producers. Further, the power plant industry, producers of steel pipes, heavy machinery and steel producers are following this new technology with great interest. At Lindø Welding Technology (LWT), which is a subsidiary to FORCE Technology, a 32-kwatt disc laser is installed. At this laser facility, welding procedures related to thick section steel applications are developed. Material thicknesses between 40 and 100 mm are currently of interest. This paper describes some of the challenges that are related to the development of the high power hybrid laser welding process as well as to the perspectives for the technology as a production tool for the heavy metal industry.

  16. Heat transfer experiments with a central receiver tube subjected to unsteady and non-uniform heat flux

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fernández-Torrijos, María; Marugán-Cruz, Carolina; Sobrino, Celia; Santana, Domingo

    2017-06-01

    In this work, a molten salt test loop to study the heat transfer process in external molten salt receivers is described. The experimental installation is formed by a cylindrical molten salt tank, a pump, a flow meter, and an induction heater to generate the heat flux, which is applied in a small rectangular region of the tube surface. In central tower plants, the external receiver pipe is considered to be under unilateral concentrated solar radiation, because only one side of the pipe receives high heat flux. The main advantage of using an induction heater is the control of heating in different areas of the tube. In order to measure the effects of a non-homogenous and unsteady heat flux on the wall temperature distribution a series of experiments have been carried out. 4 K-type thermocouples have been welded at different axial and azimuthal positions of the pipe to obtain the wall temperature distribution. Different temperature measurements have been made varying the heat flux and water velocity to study their effects on the heat transfer process.

  17. A novel ultrasonic NDE for shrink fit welded structures using interface waves.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jaesun; Park, Junpil; Cho, Younho

    2016-05-01

    Reactor vessel inspection is a critical part of safety maintenance in a nuclear power plant. The inspection of shrink fit welded structures in a reactor nozzle can be a challenging task due to the complicated geometry. Nozzle inspection using pseudo interface waves allows us to inspect the nozzle from outside of the nuclear reactor. In this study, layered concentric pipes were manufactured with perfect shrink fit conditions using stainless steel 316. The displacement distributions were calculated with boundary conditions for a shrink fit welded structure. A multi-transducer guided wave phased array system was employed to monitor the welding quality of the nozzle end at a distance from a fixed position. The complicated geometry of a shrink fit welded structure can be overcome by using the pseudo interface waves in identifying the location and size of defects. The experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of detecting weld delamination and defects. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  18. The rotating heat pipe - Implementation as a uniform-temperature heat source

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Limoges, R. F.

    1981-11-01

    A wickless rotating heat pipe, if properly controlled, is a uniform heat source. The data presented are based on work done with 12.7 cm diameter x 76 cm long rotating heat pipes operating between 120 and 140 C. The major areas reviewed are: materials of fabrication, working fluids, sealing, temperature control, heaters, and safety. The optimum rotating heat pipe defined by these studies is fabricated of type 304 stainless steel, uses water as the working fluid, is sealed with welded joints, and utilizes a pressure switch and a fast-response quartz lamp for temperature control. Surface-temperature control of + or - 0.15 C and temperature uniformity within 0.8 C are obtained. Results of experiments designed to study the effects of hydrogen in the enclosed volume of the heat pipe are presented.

  19. Offline motion planning and simulation of two-robot welding coordination

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Tie; Ouyang, Fan

    2012-03-01

    This paper focuses on the two-robot welding coordination of complex curve seam which means one robot grasp the workpiece, the other hold the torch, the two robots work on the same workpiece simultaneously. This paper builds the dual-robot coordinate system at the beginning, and three point calibration method of two robots' relative base coordinate system is presented. After that, the non master/slave scheme is chosen for the motion planning, the non master/slave scheme sets the poses versus time function of the point u on the workpiece, and calculates the two robot end effecter trajectories through the constrained relationship matrix automatically. Moreover, downhand welding is employed which can guarantee the torch and the seam keep in good contact condition all the time during the welding. Finally, a Solidworks-Sim Mechanics simulation platform is established, and a simulation of curved steel pipe welding is conducted. The results of the simulation illustrate the welding process can meet the requirements of downhand welding, the joint displacement curves are smooth and continuous and no joint velocities are out of working scope.

  20. 76 FR 14649 - Certain Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe From Mexico: Extension of Time Limit for Final...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-17

    ... include complicated questions involving various cost accounting issues, use of multiple unaffiliated suppliers' costs, and proper application of facts available. Accordingly, the Department is extending the...

  1. Technical data on new engineering products

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1985-02-01

    New grades of permanently magnetic materials; automatic digital radiolocator; bench winder; analog induction gauge; programmable pulse generator; portable defibrillators; pipe welders; two-component electromagnetic log; sulphur content analyzer; peristaltic pumps; function generators; welding manipulator; and tonsiometer are described.

  2. 46 CFR 56.70-10 - Preparation (modifies 127.3).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... are bored, such boring shall not result in the finished wall thickness after welding being less than... insure satisfactory fitting of rings. (iv) If the piping component ends are upset they may be bored to...

  3. 46 CFR 56.70-10 - Preparation (modifies 127.3).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... are bored, such boring shall not result in the finished wall thickness after welding being less than... insure satisfactory fitting of rings. (iv) If the piping component ends are upset they may be bored to...

  4. 46 CFR 56.70-10 - Preparation (modifies 127.3).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... are bored, such boring shall not result in the finished wall thickness after welding being less than... insure satisfactory fitting of rings. (iv) If the piping component ends are upset they may be bored to...

  5. 46 CFR 56.70-10 - Preparation (modifies 127.3).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... are bored, such boring shall not result in the finished wall thickness after welding being less than... insure satisfactory fitting of rings. (iv) If the piping component ends are upset they may be bored to...

  6. 46 CFR 56.70-10 - Preparation (modifies 127.3).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... are bored, such boring shall not result in the finished wall thickness after welding being less than... insure satisfactory fitting of rings. (iv) If the piping component ends are upset they may be bored to...

  7. 77 FR 19219 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From the United Arab Emirates: Preliminary Negative...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-30

    ...: Joshua Morris or Dustin Ross, AD/CVD Operations, Office 1, Import Administration, International Trade... Countervailing Duty Order: Oil Country Tubular Goods from Canada, 51 FR 21783 (June 16, 1986) (describing subject...

  8. 77 FR 65672 - Correction to Notice of Implementation of Determinations Under Section 129 of the Uruguay Round...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-30

    ... Section 129 Determinations as published in the Federal Register. One of the CWP exporter/producer chain... Final Determination of Critical Circumstances: Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe from the People...

  9. 49 CFR 192.279 - Copper pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.279...

  10. 49 CFR 192.281 - Plastic pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.281...

  11. Stirling Space Engine Program. Volume 1; Final Report

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dhar, Manmohan

    1999-01-01

    The objective of this program was to develop the technology necessary for operating Stirling power converters in a space environment and to demonstrate this technology in full-scale engine tests. Hardware development focused on the Component Test Power Converter (CTPC), a single cylinder, 12.5-kWe engine. Design parameters for the CTPC were 150 bar operating pressure, 70 Hz frequency, and hot-and cold-end temperatures of 1050 K and 525 K, respectively. The CTPC was also designed for integration with an annular sodium heat pipe at the hot end, which incorporated a unique "Starfish" heater head that eliminated highly stressed brazed or weld joints exposed to liquid metal and used a shaped-tubed electrochemical milling process to achieve precise positional tolerances. Selection of materials that could withstand high operating temperatures with long life were another focus. Significant progress was made in the heater head (Udimet 700 and Inconel 718 and a sodium-filled heat pipe); the alternator (polyimide-coated wire with polyimide adhesive between turns and a polyimide-impregnated fiberglass overwrap and samarium cobalt magnets); and the hydrostatic gas bearings (carbon graphite and aluminum oxide for wear couple surfaces). Tests on the CTPC were performed in three phases: cold end testing (525 K), engine testing with slot radiant heaters, and integrated heat pipe engine system testing. Each test phase was successful, with the integrated engine system demonstrating a power level of 12.5 kWe and an overall efficiency of 22 percent in its maiden test. A 1500-hour endurance test was then successfully completed. These results indicate the significant achievements made by this program that demonstrate the viability of Stirling engine technology for space applications.

  12. Demonstration of Noncorrosive, Capacitance- Based Water-Treatment Technology for Chilled-Water Cooling Systems

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-09-01

    monitors were Daniel J. Dunmire [OUSD(AT&L)], Bernie Rodri- guez (IMPW-FM), and Valerie D. Hines (DAIM-ODF). The work was performed by the Materials and...the electrode, a large voltage po- tential is created between the two plates of the capacitor (i.e., the electrode and the grounded steel of the...return (CWR) piping of each condenser. To install the capacitor rods, 1.5 in. mild steel thread-o-lets* were welded into a pipe elbow. Figure 5 shows

  13. Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory Facilities Replacement on Hanscom Air Force Base Phase 1 Final Environmental Assessment

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2014-07-24

    Service UST Underground Storage Tank VC Vitrified Clay VOCs Volatile Organic Compounds W Watts 1 1.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR ACTION 1.1 INTRODUCTION The...discharged to sanitary drain and the solids slurry is hauled off site for disposal Fluoride drain: welded stainless steel drain piping from wet...diameter vitrified clay (VC) gravity sewer collection pipe, flowing north/northeast to the upper pumping station at Building 1306, is located within the

  14. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Jaesun; Cho, Younho; Park, Jun-Pil

    Guided wave was widely studied for plate and pipe due to the great application area. Guided wave has advantage on long distance inspection for an inaccessible area and apart from transducer. Quite often shrink fit structures were found in nuclear power facilities. In this paper, two pipes were designed with perfect shrink fit condition for Stainless Steel 316. The displacement distribution was calculated with boundary condition. The interface wave propagation pattern was analyzed by the numerical modeling. The experimental results show a possibility of weld delamination and defect detection.

  15. Friction Welding For Cladding Applications: Processing, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Inertia Friction Welds of Stainless Steel to Low Carbon Steel and Evaluation of Wrought and Welded Austenitic Stainless Steels for Cladding Applications in Acidchloride Service

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Switzner, Nathan

    Friction welding, a solid-state joining method, is presented as a novel alternative process step for lining mild steel pipe and forged components internally with a corrosion resistant (CR) metal alloy for petrochemical applications. Currently, fusion welding is commonly used for stainless steel overlay cladding, but this method is costly, time-consuming, and can lead to disbonding in service due to a hard martensite layer that forms at the interface due to partial mixing at the interface between the stainless steel CR metal and the mild steel base. Firstly, the process parameter space was explored for inertia friction butt welding using AISI type 304L stainless steel and AISI 1018 steel to determine the microstructure and mechanical properties effects. A conceptual model for heat flux density versus radial location at the faying surface was developed with consideration for non-uniform pressure distribution due to frictional forces. An existing 1 D analytical model for longitudinal transient temperature distribution was modified for the dissimilar metals case and to account for material lost to the flash. Microstructural results from the experimental dissimilar friction welds of 304L stainless steel to 1018 steel were used to discuss model validity. Secondly, the microstructure and mechanical property implications were considered for replacing the current fusion weld cladding processes with friction welding. The nominal friction weld exhibited a smaller heat softened zone in the 1018 steel than the fusion cladding. As determined by longitudinal tensile tests across the bond line, the nominal friction weld had higher strength, but lower apparent ductility, than the fusion welds due to the geometric requirements for neck formation adjacent to a rigid interface. Martensite was identified at the dissimilar friction weld interface, but the thickness was smaller than that of the fusion welds, and the morphology was discontinuous due to formation by a mechanism of solid-state mixing. Thirdly, the corrosion resistance of multiple austenitic stainless steels (types 304, 316, and 309) processed in varying ways was compared for acid chloride environments using advanced electrochemical techniques. Physical simulation of fusion claddings and friction weld claddings (wrought stainless steels) was used for sample preparation to determine compositional and microstructural effects. Pitting resistance correlated firstly with Cr content, with N and Mo additions providing additional benefits. The high ferrite fraction of as-welded samples reduced their corrosion resistance. Wrought type 309L outperformed as-welded type 309L in dissolved mass loss and reverse corrosion rate from the potentiodynamic scan in 1.0 N HCl/3.5% NaCl solution. Electrochemical impedance results indicated that wrought 309L and 316L developed a corrosion resistant passive film more rapidly than other alloys in 0.1 N HCl/3.5% NaCl, and also performed well in long term (160-day) corrosion testing in the same environment. Fourthly, to prove the concept of internal CR lining by friction welding, a conical work piece of 304L stainless steel was friction welded internally to 1018 steel.

  16. 75 FR 39917 - Circular Welded Non-Alloy Steel Pipe from the Republic of Korea: Extension of Time Limit for...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-13

    ... sales and cost information submitted by the respondents in this administrative review because this review involves complex sales and cost accounting issues. Thus, it is not practicable to complete this...

  17. 49 CFR 192.275 - Cast iron pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.275...

  18. 49 CFR 192.277 - Ductile iron pipe.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Joining of Materials Other Than by Welding § 192.277...

  19. 10-kW-class YAG laser application for heavy components

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ishide, Takashi; Tsubota, S.; Nayama, Michisuke; Shimokusu, Yoshiaki; Nagashima, Tadashi; Okimura, K.

    2000-02-01

    The authors have put the YAG laser of the kW class to practical use for repair welding of nuclear power plant steam generator heat exchanger tubes, all-position welding of pipings, etc. This paper describes following developed methods and systems of high power YAG laser processing. First, we apply the 6 kW to 10 kW YAG lasers for welding and cutting in heavy components. The beam guide systems we have used are optical fibers which core diameter is 0.6 mm to 0.8 mm and its length is 200 m as standard one. Using these system, we can get the 1 pass penetration of 15 mm to 20 mm and multi pass welding for more thick plates. Cutting of 100 mm thickness plate data also described for dismantling of nuclear power plants. In these systems we carried out the in-process monitoring by using CCD camera image processing and monitoring fiber which placed coaxial to the YAG optical lens system. In- process monitoring by the monitoring fiber, we measured the light intensity from welding area. Further, we have developed new hybrid welding with the TIG electrode at the center of lens for high power. The hybrid welding with TIG-YAG system aims lightening of welding groove allowances and welding of high quality. Through these techniques we have applied 7 kW class YAG laser for welding in the components of nuclear power plants.

  20. Toughness of 2,25Cr-1Mo steel and weld metal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Acarer, Mustafa; Arici, Gökhan; Acar, Filiz Kumdali; Keskinkilic, Selcuk; Kabakci, Fikret

    2017-09-01

    2,25Cr-1Mo steel is extensively used at elevated temperature structural applications in fossil fire power plants for steam pipes, nozzle chambers and petrochemical industry for hydrocracking unit due to its excellent creep resistance and good redundant to oxidation. Also they should have acceptable weldability and toughness. The steels are supplied in quenched and tempered condition and their welded components are subjected to post-weld heat treatment (PWHT). Tempering process is carried out at 690-710°C to improve toughness properties. However they are sensitive to reheat cracking and temper embrittlement. To measure temper embrittlement of the steels and their weld metal, temper embrittlement factor and formula (J factor - Watanabe and X formula- Bruscato) are used. Step cooling heat treatment is also applied to determine temper embrittlement. In this study, toughness properties of Cr Mo (W) steels were reviewed. Also transition temperature curves of 2,25Cr-1Mo steel and its weld metal were constructed before and after step cool heat treatment as experimental study. While 2,25Cr-1Mo steel as base metal was supplied, all weld metal samples were produced in Gedik Welding Company. Hardness measurements and microstructure evaluation were also carried out.

  1. 75 FR 14138 - Notice of Scope Rulings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-24

    ... steel plate with metallurgically and economically insignificant amounts of boron added, produced by... Fold-Away Truck, Relius Tray-Shelf Utility Cart, Economical Steel Cart, Solid Platform Dolly and Flush...: Certain Circular Welded Carbon Quality Steel Pipe from the People's Republic of China Requestor...

  2. Time-localized frequency analysis of ultrasonic guided waves for nondestructive testing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shin, Hyeon Jae; Song, Sung-Jin

    2000-05-01

    A time-localized frequency (TLF) analysis is employed for the guided wave mode identification and improved guided wave applications. For the analysis of time-localized frequency contents of digitized ultrasonic signals, TLF analysis consists of splitting the time domain signal into overlapping segments, weighting each with the hanning window, and forming the columns of discrete Fourier transforms. The result is presented by a frequency versus time domain diagram showing frequency variation along the signal arrival time. For the demonstration of the utility of TLF analysis, an experimental group velocity dispersion pattern obtained by TLF analysis is compared with the dispersion diagram obtained by theory of elasticity. Sample piping is carbon steel piping that is used for the transportation of natural gas underground. Guided wave propagation characteristic on the piping is considered with TLF analysis and wave structure concepts. TLF analysis is used for the detection of simulated corrosion defects and the assessment of weld joint using ultrasonic guided waves. TLF analysis has revealed that the difficulty of mode identification in multi-mode propagation could be overcome. Group velocity dispersion pattern obtained by TLF analysis agrees well with theoretical results.

  3. Effect of Heat Treatment on Microstructure and Hot Impact Toughness of Various Zones of P91 Welded Pipes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Pandey, C.; Mahapatra, M. M.

    2016-06-01

    The new generation super critical thermal power plants are required to operate at enhanced thermal efficiency of over 50% to reduce the fuel consumption and environmental pollution. Creep strength-enhanced ferritic steels, commonly known as Cr-Mo alloys such as P91 (X10CrMoVNb 9-1) are such material of choice for the next generation power plants. The operating requirement of these next generation power plants is that steam temperature of around 650 °C is maintained. For such high-temperature application, creep strength of material is the primary consideration together with adequate weld heat-affected zone (HAZ) toughness. Present work deals with the effect of high service temperature on impact toughness of P91 (X10CrMoVNb 9-1) base material, weld fusion zone, and HAZ. The impact toughness of HAZ for conventional weld groove design and narrow weld groove design has been evaluated experimentally in as-welded and at different post-weld heat treatment conditions. Fractography of the impact toughness specimens of base metal, weld fusion zone, and HAZ was carried out using scanning electron microscope. The effects of heat treatment schemes on the percentage of element present at the fracture surface were also studied.

  4. Benefit from NASA

    NASA Image and Video Library

    1998-12-01

    Two companies have successfully commercialized a specialized welding tool developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Friction stir welding uses the high rotational speed of a tool and the resulting frictional heat created from contact to crush, "stir" together, and forge a bond between two metal alloys. It has had a major drawback, reliance on a single-piece pin tool. The pin is slowly plunged into the joint between two materials to be welded and rotated as high speed. At the end of the weld, the single-piece pin tool is retracted and leaves a "keyhole," something which is unacceptable when welding cylindrical objects such as drums, pipes and storage tanks. Another drawback is the requirement for different-length pin tools when welding materials of varying thickness. An engineer at the MSFC helped design an automatic retractable pin tool that uses a computer-controlled motor to automatically retract the pin into the shoulder of the tool at the end of the weld, preventing keyholes. This design allows the pin angle and length to be adjusted for changes in material thickness and results in a smooth hole closure at the end of the weld. Benefits of friction stir welding, using the MSFC retractable pin tool technology, include the following: The ability to weld a wide range of alloys, including previously unweldable and composite materials; provision of twice the fatigue resistance of fusion welds and no keyholes; minimization of material distortion; no creation of hazards such as welding fumes, radiation, high voltage, liquid metals, or arcing; automatic retraction of the pin at the end of the weld; and maintaining full penetration of the pin.

  5. Long-term strength and allowable stresses of grade 10Kh9MFB and X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91/P91) chromium heat-resistant steels

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Skorobogatykh, V. N.; Danyushevskiy, I. A.; Schenkova, I. A.; Prudnikov, D. A.

    2015-04-01

    Currently, grade X10CrMoVNb9-1 (T91, P91) and 10Kh9MFB (10Kh9MFB-Sh) chromium steels are widely applied in equipment manufacturing for thermal power plants in Russia and abroad. Compilation and comparison of tensile, impact, and long-term strength tests results accumulated for many years of investigations of foreign grade X10CrMoVNb9-1, T91, P91, and domestic grade 10Kh9MFB (10Kh9MFB-Sh) steels is carried out. The property identity of metals investigated is established. High strength and plastic properties of steels, from which pipes and other products are made, for operation under creep conditions are confirmed. Design characteristics of long-term strength on the basis of tests with more than one million of hour-samples are determined ( and at temperatures of 500-650°C). The table of recommended allowable stresses for grade 10Kh9MFB, 10Kh9MFB-SH, X10CrMoVNb9-1, T91, and P91 steels is developed. The long-time properties of pipe welded joints of grade 10Kh9MFB+10Kh9MFB, 10Kh9MFB-Sh+10Kh9MFB-Sh, X10CrMoVNb9-1+X10CrMoVNb9-1, P91+P91, T91+T91, 10Kh9MFB (10Kh9MFB-Sh)+X10CrMoVNb9-1(T/P91) steels is researched. The welded joint reduction factor is experimentally determined.

  6. 76 FR 72164 - Circular Welded Carbon-Quality Steel Pipe From India, the Sultanate of Oman, the United Arab...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-22

    ... depression or suppression; decline in financial performance; lost sales and revenue; and increase in the... buys the major input, steel coils, rather than producing the steel. See Volume I of the Petition at II...

  7. 77 FR 61738 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes From Thailand: Final Results of Antidumping Duty...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-11

    ... calculation program which affects how we calculate the freight revenue cap. See Decision Memorandum at Comment... (or customer-specific) ad valorem assessment rates based on the ratio of the total amount of the... [[Page 61739

  8. 24 CFR 3280.603 - General requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... to the weather, water, mud, and road hazard, and subject to damage therefrom, shall be painted, coated, wrapped, or otherwise protected from deterioration. (3) Road damage. Pipes, supports, drains... imperfections in materials shall not be concealed by welding, brazing, or soldering or by paint, wax, tar, or...

  9. Effects of Thermal Aging on Material Properties, Stress Corrosion Cracking, and Fracture Toughness of AISI 316L Weld Metal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lucas, Timothy; Forsström, Antti; Saukkonen, Tapio; Ballinger, Ronald; Hänninen, Hannu

    2016-08-01

    Thermal aging and consequent embrittlement of materials are ongoing issues in cast stainless steels, as well as duplex, and high-Cr ferritic stainless steels. Spinodal decomposition is largely responsible for the well-known "748 K (475 °C) embrittlement" that results in drastic reductions in ductility and toughness in these materials. This process is also operative in welds of either cast or wrought stainless steels where δ-ferrite is present. While the embrittlement can occur after several hundred hours of aging at 748 K (475 °C), the process is also operative at lower temperatures, at the 561 K (288 °C) operating temperature of a boiling water reactor (BWR), for example, where ductility reductions have been observed after several tens of thousands of hours of exposure. An experimental program was carried out in order to understand how spinodal decomposition may affect changes in material properties in Type 316L BWR piping weld metals. The study included material characterization, nanoindentation hardness, double-loop electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR), Charpy-V, tensile, SCC crack growth, and in situ fracture toughness testing as a function of δ-ferrite content, aging time, and temperature. SCC crack growth rates of Type 316L stainless steel weld metal under simulated BWR conditions showed an approximate 2 times increase in crack growth rate over that of the unaged as-welded material. In situ fracture toughness measurements indicate that environmental exposure can result in a reduction of toughness by up to 40 pct over the corresponding at-temperature air-tested values. Material characterization results suggest that spinodal decomposition is responsible for the degradation of material properties measured in air, and that degradation of the in situ properties may be a result of hydrogen absorbed during exposure to the high-temperature water environment.

  10. Retractable Pin Tools for the Friction Stir Welding Process

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1998-01-01

    Two companies have successfully commercialized a specialized welding tool developed at the Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC). Friction stir welding uses the high rotational speed of a tool and the resulting frictional heat created from contact to crush, 'stir' together, and forge a bond between two metal alloys. It has had a major drawback, reliance on a single-piece pin tool. The pin is slowly plunged into the joint between two materials to be welded and rotated as high speed. At the end of the weld, the single-piece pin tool is retracted and leaves a 'keyhole,' something which is unacceptable when welding cylindrical objects such as drums, pipes and storage tanks. Another drawback is the requirement for different-length pin tools when welding materials of varying thickness. An engineer at the MSFC helped design an automatic retractable pin tool that uses a computer-controlled motor to automatically retract the pin into the shoulder of the tool at the end of the weld, preventing keyholes. This design allows the pin angle and length to be adjusted for changes in material thickness and results in a smooth hole closure at the end of the weld. Benefits of friction stir welding, using the MSFC retractable pin tool technology, include the following: The ability to weld a wide range of alloys, including previously unweldable and composite materials; provision of twice the fatigue resistance of fusion welds and no keyholes; minimization of material distortion; no creation of hazards such as welding fumes, radiation, high voltage, liquid metals, or arcing; automatic retraction of the pin at the end of the weld; and maintaining full penetration of the pin.

  11. 75 FR 38081 - Notice of Scope Rulings

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-01

    ... Trade Administration, U.S. Department of Commerce, 14th Street and Constitution Avenue, N.W., Washington...: People's Republic of China A-570-814: Certain Carbon Steel Butt-Weld Pipe Fittings from the People's...-868: Folding Metal Tables and Chairs from the People's Republic of China Requestor: Lifetime Products...

  12. 12. TOOL ROOM SHOWING LANDIS MACHINE CO. BOL/T THREADER (L), ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    12. TOOL ROOM SHOWING LANDIS MACHINE CO. BOL/T THREADER (L), OSTER MANUFACTURING CO. PIPE MASTER (R), AND OLDMAN KINK, A SHOP-MADE WELDING STRENGTH TESTER (L, BACKGROUND). VIEW NORTHEAST - Oldman Boiler Works, Office/Machine Shop, 32 Illinois Street, Buffalo, Erie County, NY

  13. Evolution of weld metal microstructure in shielded metal arc welding of X70 HSLA steel with cellulosic electrodes: A case study

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ghomashchi, Reza, E-mail: reza.ghomashchi@adelaide.edu.au; Costin, Walter; Kurji, Rahim

    2015-09-15

    The microstructure of weld joint in X70 line pipe steel resulted from shielded metal arc welding with E6010 cellulosic electrodes is characterized using optical and electron microscopy. A range of ferritic morphologies have been identified ranging from polygonal inter- and intra-prior austenite grains allotriomorphic, idiomorphic ferrites to Widmanstätten, acicular and bainitic ferrites. Electron Backscatter Diffraction (EBSD) analysis using Image Quality (IQ) and Inverse Pole Figure (IPF) maps through superimposition of IQ and IPF maps and measurement of percentages of high and low angle grain boundaries was identified to assist in differentiation of acicular ferrite from Widmanstätten and bainitic ferrite morphologies.more » In addition two types of pearlitic structures were identified. There was no martensite detected in this weld structure. The morphology, size and chemistry of non-metallic inclusions are also discussed briefly. - Highlights: • Application of EBSD reveals orientation relationships in a range of phases for shielded metal arc welding of HSLA steel. • Nucleation sites of various ferrite morphologies identified • Formation of upper and lower bainite and their morphologies.« less

  14. Recent evaluations of crack-opening-area in circumferentially cracked pipes

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rahman, S.; Brust, F.; Ghadiali, N.

    1997-04-01

    Leak-before-break (LBB) analyses for circumferentially cracked pipes are currently being conducted in the nuclear industry to justify elimination of pipe whip restraints and jet shields which are present because of the expected dynamic effects from pipe rupture. The application of the LBB methodology frequently requires calculation of leak rates. The leak rates depend on the crack-opening area of the through-wall crack in the pipe. In addition to LBB analyses which assume a hypothetical flaw size, there is also interest in the integrity of actual leaking cracks corresponding to current leakage detection requirements in NRC Regulatory Guide 1.45, or for assessingmore » temporary repair of Class 2 and 3 pipes that have leaks as are being evaluated in ASME Section XI. The objectives of this study were to review, evaluate, and refine current predictive models for performing crack-opening-area analyses of circumferentially cracked pipes. The results from twenty-five full-scale pipe fracture experiments, conducted in the Degraded Piping Program, the International Piping Integrity Research Group Program, and the Short Cracks in Piping and Piping Welds Program, were used to verify the analytical models. Standard statistical analyses were performed to assess used to verify the analytical models. Standard statistical analyses were performed to assess quantitatively the accuracy of the predictive models. The evaluation also involved finite element analyses for determining the crack-opening profile often needed to perform leak-rate calculations.« less

  15. ADVANCED CUTTINGS TRANSPORT STUDY

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Stefan Miska; Nicholas Takach; Kaveh Ashenayi

    2004-01-31

    Final design of the mast was completed (Task 5). The mast is consisting of two welded plate girders, set next to each other, and spaced 14-inches apart. Fabrication of the boom will be completed in two parts solely for ease of transportation. The end pivot connection will be made through a single 2-inch diameter x 4 feet-8 inch long 316 SS bar. During installation, hard piping make-ups using Chiksan joints will connect the annular section and 4-inch return line to allow full movement of the mast from horizontal to vertical. Additionally, flexible hoses and piping will be installed to isolatemore » both towers from piping loads and allow recycling operations respectively. Calibration of the prototype Foam Generator Cell has been completed and experiments are now being conducted. We were able to generate up to 95% quality foam. Work is currently underway to attach the Thermo-Haake RS300 viscometer and install a view port with a microscope to measure foam bubble size and bubble size distribution. Foam rheology tests (Task 13) were carried out to evaluate the rheological properties of the proposed foam formulation. After successful completion of the first foam test, two sets of rheological tests were conducted at different foam flow rates while keeping other parameters constant (100 psig, 70F, 80% quality). The results from these tests are generally in agreement with the previous foam tests done previously during Task 9. However, an unanticipated observation during these tests was that in both cases, the frictional pressure drop in 2 inch pipe was lower than that in the 3 inch and 4 inch pipes. We also conducted the first foam cuttings transport test during this quarter. Experiments on aerated fluids without cuttings have been completed in ACTF (Task 10). Gas and liquid were injected at different flow rates. Two different sets of experiments were carried out, where the only difference was the temperature. Another set of tests was performed, which covered a wide range of pressure and temperature. Several parameters were measured during these tests including differential pressure and mixture density in the annulus. Flow patterns during the aerated fluids test have been observed through the view port in the annulus and recorded by a video camera. Most of the flow patterns were slug flow. Further increase in gas flow rate changed the wavy flow pattern to slug flow. At this stage, all of the planned cuttings transport tests have been completed. The results clearly show that temperature significantly affects the cuttings transport efficiency of aerated muds, in addition to the liquid flow rate and gas liquid ratio (GLR). Since the printed circuit board is functioning (Task 11) with acceptable noise level we were able to conduct several tests. We used the newly designed pipe test section to conduct tests. We tested to verify that we can distinguish between different depths of sand in a static bed of sand in the pipe section. The results indicated that we can distinguish between different sand levels. We tested with water, air and a mix of the two mediums. Major modifications (installation of magnetic flow meter, pipe fittings and pipelines) to the dynamic bubble characterization facility (DTF, Task 12) were completed. An Excel program that allows obtaining the desired foam quality in DTF was developed. The program predicts the foam quality by recording the time it takes to pressurize the loop with nitrogen.« less

  16. 78 FR 37237 - Sunshine Act Meeting Notice

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-20

    ...: Room 101, 500 E Street SW., Washington, DC 20436, Telephone: (202) 205-2000. STATUS: Open to the public... in Inv. Nos. 731-TA-1210-1212 (Preliminary) (Welded Stainless Steel Pressure Pipe from Malaysia... Secretary of Commerce on or before July 1, 2013; Commissioners' opinions are currently scheduled to be...

  17. 78 FR 21107 - Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes and Tubes from Turkey: Preliminary Results of Countervailing...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-09

    ...: Allocation of State Land Regional Incentive Scheme: Interest Support OIZ: Waste Water Charges [[Page 21109... customs purposes, the written description of the merchandise is dispositive. Methodology The Department... regarding specificity. For a full description of the methodology underlying our conclusions, please see...

  18. 75 FR 32911 - Preliminary Results of Antidumping Duty Administrative Review: Circular Welded Carbon Steel Pipes...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-10

    ... for convenience and customs purposes, the written description of the merchandise subject to this order... and unaffiliated customers, net of all movement charges, direct selling expenses, and packing. Where... market prices, less any applicable movement charges, discounts, rebates, and direct and indirect selling...

  19. 49 CFR 178.60 - Specification 8AL steel cylinders with porous fillings for acetylene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... process and a welded circumferential body seam is authorized. Longitudinal seams are not authorized. (b... using equipment and processes adequate to ensure that each cylinder produced conforms to the... operations. Liquid quenching is not authorized. (i) Openings. Standard taper pipe threads required in all...

  20. 49 CFR 178.60 - Specification 8AL steel cylinders with porous fillings for acetylene.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... process and a welded circumferential body seam is authorized. Longitudinal seams are not authorized. (b... using equipment and processes adequate to ensure that each cylinder produced conforms to the... operations. Liquid quenching is not authorized. (i) Openings. Standard taper pipe threads required in all...

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