Analysis of pipeline transportation systems for carbon dioxide sequestration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Witkowski, Andrzej; Majkut, Mirosław; Rulik, Sebastian

2014-03-01

A commercially available ASPEN PLUS simulation using a pipe model was employed to determine the maximum safe pipeline distances to subsequent booster stations as a function of carbon dioxide (CO2) inlet pressure, ambient temperature and ground level heat flux parameters under three conditions: isothermal, adiabatic and with account of heat transfer. In the paper, the CO2 working area was assumed to be either in the liquid or in the supercritical state and results for these two states were compared. The following power station data were used: a 900 MW pulverized coal-fired power plant with 90% of CO2 recovered (156.43 kg/s) and the monothanolamine absorption method for separating CO2 from flue gases. The results show that a subcooled liquid transport maximizes energy efficiency and minimizes the cost of CO2 transport over long distances under isothermal, adiabatic and heat transfer conditions. After CO2 is compressed and boosted to above 9 MPa, its temperature is usually higher than ambient temperature. The thermal insulation layer slows down the CO2 temperature decrease process, increasing the pressure drop in the pipeline. Therefore in Poland, considering the atmospheric conditions, the thermal insulation layer should not be laid on the external surface of the pipeline.

Pipeline transport and simultaneous saccharification of corn stover.

PubMed

Kumar, Amit; Cameron, Jay B; Flynn, Peter C

2005-05-01

Pipeline transport of corn stover delivered by truck from the field is evaluated against a range of truck transport costs. Corn stover transported by pipeline at 20% solids concentration (wet basis) or higher could directly enter an ethanol fermentation plant, and hence the investment in the pipeline inlet end processing facilities displaces comparable investment in the plant. At 20% solids, pipeline transport of corn stover costs less than trucking at capacities in excess of 1.4 M drytonnes/yr when compared to a mid range of truck transport cost (excluding any credit for economies of scale achieved in the ethanol fermentation plant from larger scale due to multiple pipelines). Pipelining of corn stover gives the opportunity to conduct simultaneous transport and saccharification (STS). If current enzymes are used, this would require elevated temperature. Heating of the slurry for STS, which in a fermentation plant is achieved from waste heat, is a significant cost element (more than 5 cents/l of ethanol) if done at the pipeline inlet unless waste heat is available, for example from an electric power plant located adjacent to the pipeline inlet. Heat loss in a 1.26 m pipeline carrying 2 M drytonnes/yr is about 5 degrees C at a distance of 400 km in typical prairie clay soils, and would not likely require insulation; smaller pipelines or different soil conditions might require insulation for STS. Saccharification in the pipeline would reduce the need for investment in the fermentation plant, saving about 0.2 cents/l of ethanol. Transport of corn stover in multiple pipelines offers the opportunity to develop a large ethanol fermentation plant, avoiding some of the diseconomies of scale that arise from smaller plants whose capacities are limited by issues of truck congestion.

Cryogenic foam insulation: Abstracted publications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williamson, F. R.

1977-01-01

A group of documents were chosen and abstracted which contain information on the properties of foam materials and on the use of foams as thermal insulation at cryogenic temperatures. The properties include thermal properties, mechanical properties, and compatibility properties with oxygen and other cryogenic fluids. Uses of foams include applications as thermal insulation for spacecraft propellant tanks, and for liquefied natural gas storage tanks and pipelines.

49 CFR 179.300-4 - Insulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) SPECIFICATIONS FOR TANK CARS Specifications for Multi-Unit Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-106A and 110AW) § 179.300-4 Insulation. (a) Tanks shall not be...

49 CFR 179.220-4 - Insulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) SPECIFICATIONS FOR TANK CARS Specifications for Non-Pressure Tank Car Tanks (Classes DOT-111AW and 115AW) § 179.220-4 Insulation. The annular space between the...

Construction integrity assessment report (ETN-98-0005) S-Farm overground transfer (OGT) system valve pit 241-S-B to valve pit 241-S-D

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

HICKS, D.F.

1999-08-12

The S-Farm overground transfer (OGT) line will bypass the existing line(s), between valve pits 241-S-B and 241-S-D that no longer meet system requirements. The new OGT line will provide a waste transfer pipeline between these valve pits in support of saltwell pumping activities. The length of the OGT line is approximately 180 ft from pit to pit. The primary pipe is nominal 1-in. diameter stainless steel (SST) braided Ethylene-propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) hose. The encasement pipe is a nominal 3-in., flanged, SST pipe made up of several different length pipe spool pieces (drawing H-2-829564, sh. 1 and sh. 2). Themore » OGT line slopes from valve pit 241-S-B toward valve pit 241-S-D. At each end, the primary and encasement pipe connect to a pit entry spool piece. The pit entry spool pieces are constructed of prefabricated SST materials. These spool pieces allow for the separation of the primary and encasement pipelines after the pipes have entered the valve pits (drawing H-2-818280, sh. 2). The pit entry spool pieces also allow for leak detection of the encasement pipe at each end (drawing H-2-829564, sh. 2). The OGT encasement pipeline is supported above ground by adjustable height unistrut brackets and precast concrete bases (drawing H-2-829654, sh. 1). The pipeline is heat-traced and insulated. The heat tracing and insulation supply and retain latent heat that prevents waste solidification during transfers and provides freeze protection. The total length of the pipeline is above ground, thereby negating the need for cathodic corrosion protection. This Construction Integrity Assessment Report (CIAR) is prepared by Fluor Daniel Northwest for Numatec Hanford Corporation/Lockheed Martin Hanford Corporation, the operations contractor, and the U. S. Department of Energy, the system owner. The CIAR is intended to verify that construction was performed in accordance with the provisions of Washington Administrative Code, WAC-173-303-640 (3) (c), (e), (f) and (h).« less

Quantification technology study on flaws in steam-filled pipelines based on image processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Lina; Yuan, Peixin

2009-07-01

Starting from exploiting the applied detection system of gas transmission pipeline, a set of X-ray image processing methods and pipeline flaw quantificational evaluation methods are proposed. Defective and non-defective strings and rows in gray image were extracted and oscillogram was obtained. We can distinguish defects in contrast with two gray images division. According to the gray value of defects with different thicknesses, the gray level depth curve is founded. Through exponential and polynomial fitting way to obtain the attenuation mathematical model which the beam penetrates pipeline, thus attain flaw deep dimension. This paper tests on the PPR pipe in the production of simulated holes flaw and cracks flaw, 135KV used the X-ray source on the testing. Test results show that X-ray image processing method, which meet the needs of high efficient flaw detection and provide quality safeguard for thick oil recovery, can be used successfully in detecting corrosion of insulated pipe.

Quantification technology study on flaws in steam-filled pipelines based on image processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Pei-xin; Cong, Jia-hui; Chen, Bo

2008-03-01

Starting from exploiting the applied detection system of gas transmission pipeline, a set of X-ray image processing methods and pipeline flaw quantificational evaluation methods are proposed. Defective and non-defective strings and rows in gray image were extracted and oscillogram was obtained. We can distinguish defects in contrast with two gray images division. According to the gray value of defects with different thicknesses, the gray level depth curve is founded. Through exponential and polynomial fitting way to obtain the attenuation mathematical model which the beam penetrates pipeline, thus attain flaw deep dimension. This paper tests on the PPR pipe in the production of simulated holes flaw and cracks flaw. The X-ray source tube voltage was selected as 130kv and valve current was 1.5mA.Test results show that X-ray image processing methods, which meet the needs of high efficient flaw detection and provide quality safeguard for thick oil recovery, can be used successfully in detecting corrosion of insulated pipe.

49 CFR 178.338 - Specification MC-338; insulated cargo tank motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Specification MC-338; insulated cargo tank motor vehicle. 178.338 Section 178.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS Specifications for...

49 CFR 178.338 - Specification MC-338; insulated cargo tank motor vehicle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Specification MC-338; insulated cargo tank motor vehicle. 178.338 Section 178.338 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) SPECIFICATIONS FOR PACKAGINGS Specifications for...

Application of CdZnTe Gamma-Ray Detector for Imaging Corrosion under Insulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdullah, J.; Yahya, R.

2007-05-01

Corrosion under insulation (CUI) on the external wall of steel pipes is a common problem in many types of industrial plants. This is mainly due to the presence of moisture or water in the insulation materials. This type of corrosion can cause failures in areas that are not normally of a primary concern to an inspection program. The failures are often the result of localised corrosion and not general wasting over a large area. These failures can tee catastrophic in nature or at least have an adverse economic effect in terms of downtime and repairs. There are a number of techniques used today for CUI investigations. The main ones are profile radiography, pulse eddy current, ultrasonic spot readings and insulation removal. A new system now available is portable Pipe-CUI-Profiler. The nucleonic system is based on dual-beam gamma-ray absorption technique using Cadmium Zinc Telluride (CdZnTe) semiconductor detectors. The Pipe-CUI-Profiler is designed to inspect pipes of internal diameter 50, 65, 80, 90, 100, 125 and 150 mm. Pipeline of these sizes with aluminium or thin steel sheathing, containing fibreglass or calcium silicate insulation to thickness of 25, 40 and 50 mm can be inspected. The system has proven to be a safe, fast and effective method of inspecting pipe in industrial plant operations. This paper describes the application of gamma-ray techniques and CdZnTe semiconductor detectors in the development of Pipe-CUI-Profiler for non-destructive imaging of corrosion under insulation of steel pipes. Some results of actual pipe testing in large-scale industrial plant will be presented.

An optical fiber guided ultrasonic excitation and sensing system for online monitoring of nuclear power plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, J.; Lee, H.; Sohn, H.

2012-05-01

This study presents an embedded laser ultrasonic system for pipeline monitoring under high temperature environment. Recently, laser ultrasonics is becoming popular because of their advantageous characteristics such as (a) noncontact inspection, (b) immunity against electromagnetic interference (EMI), and (c) applicability under high temperature. However, the performance of conventional laser ultrasonic techniques for pipeline monitoring has been limited because many pipelines are covered by insulating materials and target surfaces are inaccessible. To overcome the problem, this study designs an embeddable optical fibers and fixing devices that deliver laser beams from laser sources to a target pipe using embedded optical fibers. For guided wave generation, an optical fiber is furnished with a beam collimator for irradiating a laser beam onto a target structure. The corresponding response is measured based on the principle of laser interferometry. Light from a monochromatic source is colliminated and delivered to a target surface by another optical with a focusing module, and reflected light is transmitted back to the interferometer through the same fiber. The feasibility of the proposed system for embedded ultrasonic measurement has been experimentally verified using a pipe specimen under high temperature.

Application of a transient heat transfer model for bundled, multiphase pipelines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, T.S.; Clapham, J.; Danielson, T.J.

1996-12-31

A computer model has been developed which accurately describes transient heat transfer in pipeline bundles. An arbitrary number of internal pipelines containing different fluids, flowing in either direction along with the input of heat to one or more of the fluids can be accommodated. The model is coupled to the transient, multiphase flow simulator OLGA. The lines containing the multiphase production fluids are modeled by OLGA, and the heat transfer between the internal lines, carrier pipe, and surroundings is handled by the bundle model. The model has been applied extensively to the design of a subsea, heated bundle system formore » the Britannia gas condensate field in the North Sea. The 15-km bundle system contains a 14{double_prime} production line, an 8{double_prime} test line, a 3{double_prime} methanol line, and a 12{double_prime} internal heating medium line within a 37.25{double_prime} carrier. The heating medium (water) flows in the internal heating medium line and in the annulus at 82,500 BPD. The primary purpose of the bundle system is to avoid the formation of hydrates. A secondary purpose is to avoid the deposition of paraffin. The bundle model was used to (1) compare the merits of two coaxial lines vs. a single bundle; (2) optimize the insulation levels on the carrier and internal lines; (3) determine the minimum time required to heat up the bundle; (4) determine heat input requirements to avoid hydrates throughout the field life, (5) determine temperature profiles along the lines for a range of production rates; (6) study ruptures of the production line into the bundle annulus; (7) determine minimum temperatures during depressurization; and (8) determine cool-down times. The results of these studies were used to size lines, select insulation levels, assess erosion potential, design for thermal expansion-induced stresses, and to select materials of construction.« less

Multicriteria optimization approach to design and operation of district heating supply system over its life cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hirsch, Piotr; Duzinkiewicz, Kazimierz; Grochowski, Michał

2017-11-01

District Heating (DH) systems are commonly supplied using local heat sources. Nowadays, modern insulation materials allow for effective and economically viable heat transportation over long distances (over 20 km). In the paper a method for optimized selection of design and operating parameters of long distance Heat Transportation System (HTS) is proposed. The method allows for evaluation of feasibility and effectivity of heat transportation from the considered heat sources. The optimized selection is formulated as multicriteria decision-making problem. The constraints for this problem include a static HTS model, allowing considerations of system life cycle, time variability and spatial topology. Thereby, variation of heat demand and ground temperature within the DH area, insulation and pipe aging and/or terrain elevation profile are taken into account in the decision-making process. The HTS construction costs, pumping power, and heat losses are considered as objective functions. Inner pipe diameter, insulation thickness, temperatures and pumping stations locations are optimized during the decision-making process. Moreover, the variants of pipe-laying e.g. one pipeline with the larger diameter or two with the smaller might be considered during the optimization. The analyzed optimization problem is multicriteria, hybrid and nonlinear. Because of such problem properties, the genetic solver was applied.

Multiple-Nozzle Spray Head Applies Foam Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walls, Joe T.

1993-01-01

Spray head equipped with four-nozzle turret mixes two reactive components of polyurethane and polyisocyanurate foam insulating material and sprays reacting mixture onto surface to be insulated. If nozzle in use becomes clogged, fresh one automatically rotated into position, with minimal interruption of spraying process. Incorporates features recirculating and controlling pressures of reactive components to maintain quality of foam by ensuring proper blend at outset. Also used to spray protective coats on or in ships, aircraft, and pipelines. Sprays such reactive adhesives as epoxy/polyurethane mixtures. Components of spray contain solid-particle fillers for strength, fire retardance, toughness, resistance to abrasion, or radar absorption.

Results of thermal modeling of Smart Energy Coating with phase-transition material for independent electricity generation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pospelova, I. Y.; Pospelova, M. Y.; Bondarenko, A. S.; Kornilov, D. A.

2018-05-01

The modeling for Smart Energy Coating is presented. The coating is able to produce electricity on the surface of pipelines and structural elements. Along with electric output, Smart Energy Coating ensures the stable temperature conditions of work for structures, pipelines and regulating elements. The energy production scheme is based on the Peltier principle and the insulating layer with a phase transition. Thermally conductive inclusions of the inside layer with a phase transition material ensure the stable operation of the Peltier element.

Integration of modern remote sensing technologies for faster utility mapping and data extraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ristic, Aleksandar; Govedarica, Miro; Vrtunski, Milan; Petrovacki, Dusan

2015-04-01

Analysis of the application of modern remote sensing technologies in current research shows a significant increase in interest in fast and efficient detection of underground installations. The most important reasons of the said application are preventing damage during excavation works, as well as the formation of the cadastre of underground utilities suitable for operating and maintaining of such resources. Given the wide area of application in the detection of underground installations, ground penetrating radar scanning technology (GPR), in this instance, is used as prevalent method for the purpose of the acquisition radargram of pipelines and the comparison with the results of the acquisition of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle - UAV drone Aibot X6 equipped with Optris PI Lightweight Kit (which consists of a miniaturized lightweight PC and a weight-optimized PI450 Optris LW infrared camera). The aim of the research presented in the this paper is to analyze the benefits of integrating a mobile system capable of very fast, reliable and relatively inexpensive detection of heating pipelines using thermal imaging aerial inspection and GPR technology for control sampling of radargrams on specific locations of routes in order to achieve following: a simple identification of the characteristics of heating pipelines, prevention and registration of damage, as well as automated data extraction. The results of integrated application of the above-mentioned remote sensing technologies have shown that, within 10min of planned flight, it is possible to detect and georeference routes of heating pipelines in the area of 50.000m2 by application of thermal imaging inspection that assigns an adequate temperature value to each pixel in an image. The experiment showed that the registration is also possible in the case of pre-insulated and conventionally insulated heating pipes, and the difference in temperature measurements above the routes and the environment was up to 4 degrees. It should be noted that it is necessary to perform imaging in the working period, which is when the water is heated in the heating pipelines. Analysis of the efficiently defined heating pipeline routes defined by using thermal imaging inspection shows the point of temperature anomalies where it is necessary to perform control measurements using GPR technology. The control radargrams are further interpreted by applying realized automatic identification strategies software. Since the heating pipes are characterized by a distinctive method of installation (two pipes within or without concrete channels), they form a characteristic reflection in radargram, from which it is possible to identify the dimensions of the heating pipes. The dimensions of heating pipes are determined either based on estimation of standard dimensions of a concrete channel of heating pipes or based on hyperbolic reflections of the two pipes. The research results show that by using integrated application of the above-mentioned technologies it is possible to achieve efficient and high-quality inspection of heating pipeline system with estimation of the most relevant parameters. This abstract is a contribution to the 2015 EGU GA Session GI3.1 "Civil Engineering Applications of Ground Penetrating Radar," organised by the COST Action TU1208

Evaluation of Losses Of Cold Energy of Cryogen Products in The Transport Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uglanov, Dmitry; Sarmin, Dmitry; Tsapkova, Alexandra; Burdina, Yana

2017-12-01

At present, there are problems of energy saving in various areas of human life and in power complexes of industrial plants. One possible solution to the problem of increasing energy efficiency is the use of liquefied natural gas and its cold energy. Pipelines for fuel or gas supply in cryogen supply systems have different length depending on the mutual position of storage and cryogen consumption devices relatively to a start construction. Cryogen supply and transport systems include a lot of fittings of different assortment. Reservoirs can be installed on different elevation points. To reduce heat inleak and decrease cold energy of cryogen product different kinds of thermal insulation are used. Cryogen pipelines provide required operation conditions of storage and gasifying systems. The aim of the thermal calculation of cryogen transport and supply systems is to define the value of cryogen heat. In this paper it is shown values of cryogen temperature rise due to heat inleaks at cryogen’s transfer along transport systems for ethane, methane, oxygen and nitrogen were calculated. Heat inleaks also due to hydraulic losses were calculated. Specific losses of cold energy of cryogen product for laminar and turbulent flow were calculated. Correspondences of temperature rise, critical pipeline’s length and Reynolds number were defined for nitrogen, argon, methane and oxygen.

Assessment of the Technology and Practice for Determining Casing Degradation during Offshore Drilling Operations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

industries. Transport of hydrocarbons Castagnet. A.COG. InStituto de Energia Atomica. Sao Paulo (Brazil). Divisao de ApI icacao de Radioisotopos na...DETECTOR*; MEETING PAPER; OPERATING CONDITION; PIPELINE*; PRESSURE: SAFETY EQUIPMENT; SOLAR ENERGY: THERMAL INSULATION: TUBE; VALVE Leaks In gas grids

A case study of application of guided waves for detecting corrosion in pipelines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rostami, Javad; Safizadeh, Mir Saeed

2012-05-01

Every year noticeable amount of money is spent on fixing and replacing the damaged pipes which carry gas and fuel. Since there is a possibility for a catastrophic failure, knowing the proper time of this repair is of great importance. Because significant proportion of failures is due to wall thinning of pipes because of the corrosion, detecting the wall thinning has been a main part of nondestructive testing of pipes. There are wide variety of NDT techniques to detect this kind of defect such as conventional ultrasonic, eddy current, radiography etc. but some of these techniques, for example conventional ultrasonic needs the insulation of pipes removed and in some other cases such as radiography the test is not done at a reasonable speed. A new method of nondestructive testing of pipes which has the potential to test a long distance in a short period of time and does not need the whole insulation removed, has drawn a lot of attention. In this paper, the ability of ultrasonic guided waves for detecting corrosion in gas pipelines is experimentally investigated.

Thermal insulation of pipelines by foamed glass-ceramic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Apkaryan, A. S.; Kudyakov, A. I.

2015-01-01

Based on broken glass, clay and organic additives granular insulating glass crystalline material and technology of its receipt are developed. The regularities of the effect of composition and firing temperature on the properties of the granules are specified. The resulting granular thermally insulating material is produced with a bulk density of 260-280 kg/m3 pellet strength - 1.74 MPa, thermal conductivity - 0.075 W/m °C, water absorption - 2.6 % by weight. The effect of the basic physical characteristics of the components of the charge on the process of pore formation is studied. According to the research results, basic parameters affecting the sustainability of the swelling glass are specified. Rational charge composition, thermal and gas synthesis mode are chosen so that the partial pressure of gases is below the surface tension of the melt. This enables the formation of granules with small closed pores and vitrified surface. The article is the result of studies on the application of materials for pipe insulation of heating mains with foamed glass ceramics.

Pulsed eddy current differential probe to detect the defects in a stainless steel pipe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angani, C. S.; Park, D. G.; Kim, C. G.; Leela, P.; Kishore, M.; Cheong, Y. M.

2011-04-01

Pulsed eddy current (PEC) is an electromagnetic nondestructive technique widely used to detect and quantify the flaws in conducting materials. In the present study a differential Hall-sensor probe which is used in the PEC system has been fabricated for the detection of defects in stainless steel pipelines. The differential probe has an exciting coil with two Hall-sensors. A stainless steel test sample with electrical discharge machining (EDM) notches under different depths of 1-5 mm was made and the sample was laminated by plastic insulation having uniform thickness to simulate the pipelines in nuclear power plants (NPPs). The driving coil in the probe is excited by a rectangular current pulse and the resultant response, which is the difference of the two Hall-sensors, has been detected as the PEC probe signal. The discriminating time domain features of the detected pulse such as peak value and time to zero are used to interpret the experimental results with the defects in the test sample. A feature extraction technique such as spectral power density has been devised to infer the PEC response.

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SuperConductor (Beyond: (but via!!!) MgB2, Cuprates, Pnictides) Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, Wendell; Siegel, Edward

2011-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe new applications: charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield ("N-NW" of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1, 2 & 4, 927(1987)]-"land" predicted high-EST-POSSIBLE Tc SC "LiD2"; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a)11,45(1972);Semiconductors.and Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb-IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term NOT "CO2" BUT C-sequestration: PROFITABLE "Grab and Sell" TRUMPS "cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in "borax-(GLASS)-beads"; and very-earlySiegel [{3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy }(1980)-vol.5/p.459!!!] "FLYING-WATER" Hindenberg-effect (H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via Hydrogen-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy "chemical-rain-in-pipelines", only via Siegel proprietary "magnetic-hydrogen-valve"(MHV): Renewables-Hydrogen-Water flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating-system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

Capsule injection system for a hydraulic capsule pipelining system

DOEpatents

Liu, Henry

1982-01-01

An injection system for injecting capsules into a hydraulic capsule pipelining system, the pipelining system comprising a pipeline adapted for flow of a carrier liquid therethrough, and capsules adapted to be transported through the pipeline by the carrier liquid flowing through the pipeline. The injection system comprises a reservoir of carrier liquid, the pipeline extending within the reservoir and extending downstream out of the reservoir, and a magazine in the reservoir for holding capsules in a series, one above another, for injection into the pipeline in the reservoir. The magazine has a lower end in communication with the pipeline in the reservoir for delivery of capsules from the magazine into the pipeline.

Spectral analysis of pipe-to-soil potentials with variations of the Earth's magnetic field in the Australian region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marshall, R. A.; Waters, C. L.; Sciffer, M. D.

2010-05-01

Long, steel pipelines used to transport essential resources such as gas and oil are potentially vulnerable to space weather. In order to inhibit corrosion, the pipelines are usually coated in an insulating material and maintained at a negative electric potential with respect to Earth using cathodic protection units. During periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity, potential differences between the pipeline and surrounding soil (referred to as pipe-to-soil potentials (PSPs)) may exhibit large voltage swings which place the pipeline outside the recommended "safe range" and at an increased risk of corrosion. The PSP variations result from the "geoelectric" field at the Earth's surface and associated geomagnetic field variations. Previous research investigating the relationship between the surface geoelectric field and geomagnetic source fields has focused on the high-latitude regions where line currents in the ionosphere E region are often the assumed source of the geomagnetic field variations. For the Australian region Sq currents also contribute to the geomagnetic field variations and provide the major contribution during geomagnetic quiet times. This paper presents the results of a spectral analysis of PSP measurements from four pipeline networks from the Australian region with geomagnetic field variations from nearby magnetometers. The pipeline networks extend from Queensland in the north of Australia to Tasmania in the south and provide PSP variations during both active and quiet geomagnetic conditions. The spectral analyses show both consistent phase and amplitude relationships across all pipelines, even for large separations between magnetometer and PSP sites and for small-amplitude signals. Comparison between the observational relationships and model predictions suggests a method for deriving a geoelectric field proxy suitable for indicating PSP-related space weather conditions.

Polyurethane rigid foam, a proven thermal insulating material for applications between +130°C and -196°C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demharter, Anton

Polyurethanes are high molecular weight polymers based on the polyaddition of polyfunctional hydroxyl-group containing compounds and polyisocyanates. A wide variety of properties can be tailored to fulfil the requirements of different applications: soft to hard, plastic, elastic or thermoset, compact or foamed. Compared with other insulating materials, PUR rigid foam is highly competitive. There are five product-related advantages: lowest thermal conductivity, high mechanical and chemical properties at both high and low temperatures, all major international fire safety requirements can be satisfied, the ability to form sandwich structures with various facer materials, and the new generation of PUR is CFC-free and recyclable. Rigid polyurethane foams perform well in most areas of low-temperature insulations. Products in density ranging from approximately 30 to 200 kg m -3 withstand temperatures down to -196°C. Typical applications are: refrigerated vehicles, road and rail tankers, vessels for refrigerated cargo, pipelines, liquid gas tanks for LPG and LNG and cryogenic wind tunnels. The paper presents applications, corresponding properties of the rigid foams used, and also other insulating materials in competition to PUR are discussed.

Effect of the connection gap on the heat-load characteristics of a liquid nitrogen bayonet coupling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, H. H.; Liu, C. P.; Hsiao, F. Z.; Huang, T. Y.; Li, H. C.; Chiou, W. S.; Chang, S. H.; Lin, T. F.

2012-12-01

A transfer system for liquid nitrogen (LN2) installed at National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center (NSRRC) to provide LN2 required for the superconducting equipment and experimental stations has a LN2 transfer line of length 160 m and pipeline of inner diameter 25 mm, a phase separator (250 L) and an automatic filling station. The end uses include two cryogenic systems, one Superconducting Radio Frequency (SRF) cavity, five superconducting magnets, monochromators for the beam line and filling of mobile Dewars. The transfer line is segmented and connected with bayonet couplings. The aim of this work was to investigate, by numerical simulation, the effects on the heat load of the gap thickness of the bayonet assembly and the thickness of vacuum insulation. A numerical correlation was created that has become a basis to minimize the head load for future design of bayonet couplings.

Development of a fiber-guided laser ultrasonic system resilient to high temperature and gamma radiation for nuclear power plant pipe monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jinyeol; Lee, Hyeonseok; Lim, Hyung Jin; Kim, Nakhyeon; Yeo, Hwasoo; Sohn, Hoon

2013-08-01

This study develops an embeddable optical fiber-guided laser ultrasonic system for structural health monitoring (SHM) of pipelines exposed to high temperature and gamma radiation inside nuclear power plants (NPPs). Recently, noncontact laser ultrasonics is gaining popularity among the SHM community because of its advantageous characteristics such as (a) scanning capability, (b) immunity against electromagnetic interference (EMI) and (c) applicability to high-temperature surfaces. However, its application to NPP pipelines has been hampered because pipes inside NPPs are often covered by insulators and/or target surfaces are not easily accessible. To overcome this problem, this study designs embeddable optical fibers and fixtures so that laser beams used for ultrasonic inspection can be transmitted between the laser sources and the target pipe. For guided-wave generation, an Nd:Yag pulsed laser coupled with an optical fiber is used. A high-power pulsed laser beam is guided through the optical fiber onto a target structure. Based on the principle of laser interferometry, the corresponding response is measured using a different type of laser beam guided by another optical fiber. All devices are especially designed to sustain high temperature and gamma radiation. The robustness/resilience of the proposed measurement system installed on a stainless steel pipe specimen has been experimentally verified by exposing the specimen to high temperature of up to 350 °C and optical fibers to gamma radiation of up to 125 kGy (20 kGy h-1).

Thinking on Sichuan-Chongqing gas pipeline transportation system reform under market-oriented conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Duan, Yanzhi

2017-01-01

The gas pipeline networks in Sichuan and Chongqing (Sichuan-Chongqing) region have formed a fully-fledged gas pipeline transportation system in China, which supports and promotes the rapid development of gas market in Sichuan-Chongqing region. In the circumstances of further developed market-oriented economy, it is necessary to carry out further the pipeline system reform in the areas of investment/financing system, operation system and pricing system to lay a solid foundation for improving future gas production and marketing capability and adapting itself to the national gas system reform, and to achieve the objectives of multiparty participated pipeline construction, improved pipeline transportation efficiency and fair and rational pipeline transportation prices. In this article, main thinking on reform in the three areas and major deployment are addressed, and corresponding measures on developing shared pipeline economy, providing financial support to pipeline construction, setting up independent regulatory agency to enhance the industrial supervision for gas pipeline transportation, and promoting the construction of regional gas trade market are recommended.

75 FR 13644 - TORP Terminal LP, Bienville Offshore Energy Terminal Liquefied Natural Gas Deepwater Port License...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-22

... interconnect pipelines to four existing offshore pipelines (Dauphin Natural Gas Pipeline, Williams Natural Gas Pipeline, Destin Natural Gas Pipeline, and Viosca Knoll Gathering System [VKGS] Gas Pipeline) that connect to the onshore natural gas transmission pipeline system. Natural gas would be delivered to customers...

75 FR 5640 - Pipeline Safety: Implementation of Revised Incident/Accident Report Forms for Distribution...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No... Distribution Systems, Gas Transmission and Gathering Systems, and Hazardous Liquid Systems AGENCY: Pipeline and.... SUMMARY: This notice advises owners and operators of gas pipeline facilities and hazardous liquid pipeline...

78 FR 42889 - Pipeline Safety: Reminder of Requirements for Utility LP-Gas and LPG Pipeline Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-18

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 192 [Docket No. PHMSA-2013-0097] Pipeline Safety: Reminder of Requirements for Utility LP-Gas and LPG Pipeline Systems AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), DOT. ACTION...

Microsphere insulation systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, Mark S. (Inventor); Willen, Gary S. (Inventor); Mohling, Robert A. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

A new insulation system is provided that contains microspheres. This insulation system can be used to provide insulated panels and clamshells, and to insulate annular spaces around objects used to transfer, store, or transport cryogens and other temperature-sensitive materials. This insulation system provides better performance with reduced maintenance than current insulation systems.

Thermal Insulation Strips Conserve Energy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2009-01-01

Launching the space shuttle involves an interesting paradox: While the temperatures inside the shuttle s main engines climb higher than 6,000 F hot enough to boil iron for fuel, the engines use liquid hydrogen, the second coldest liquid on Earth after liquid helium. Maintained below 20 K (-423 F), the liquid hydrogen is contained in the shuttle s rust-colored external tank. The external tank also contains liquid oxygen (kept below a somewhat less chilly 90 K or -297 F) that combines with the hydrogen to create an explosive mixture that along with the shuttle s two, powdered aluminum-fueled solid rocket boosters allows the shuttle to escape Earth s gravity. The cryogenic temperatures of the main engines liquid fuel can cause ice, frost, or liquefied air to build up on the external tank and other parts of the numerous launch fueling systems, posing a possible debris risk when the ice breaks off during launch and causing difficulties in the transfer and control of these cryogenic liquid propellants. Keeping the fuel at the necessary ultra-cold temperatures while minimizing ice buildup and other safety hazards, as well as reducing the operational maintenance costs, has required NASA to explore innovative ways for providing superior thermal insulation systems. To address the challenge, the Agency turned to an insulating technology so effective that, even though it is mostly air, a thin sheet can prevent a blowtorch from igniting a match. Aerogels were invented in 1931 and demonstrate properties that make them the most extraordinary insulating materials known; a 1-inch-thick piece of aerogel provides the same insulation as layering 15 panes of glass with air pockets in between. Derived from silica, aluminum oxide, or carbon gels using a supercritical drying process - resulting in a composition of almost 99-percent air - aerogels are the world s lightest solid (among 15 other titles they hold in the Guinness World Records), can float indefinitely on water if treated to be hydrophobic, and can withstand extremely hot temperatures (from 1,100 F to 3,000 F depending on the type of aerogel) down to cryogenic levels, making this "frozen smoke" ideal for use in space. Because of its low weight and ability to withstand temperature extremes, an aerogel was even used as the space-based catcher s mitt to trap comet particles and space dust for NASA s Stardust mission, launched in 1999. All of this remarkable technology s characteristics were ideal for NASA s purposes except one: The aerogels were extremely brittle. Through a long-term partnership between Kennedy Space Center and Aspen Aerogels Inc., of Northborough, Massachusetts, researchers developed a flexible, durable form of aerogel that NASA has since used as cryogenic insulation for space shuttle launch systems. Through Aspen Aerogels, the technology has made oil pipeline insulation, extreme weather clothing, and infrared shielding for combat helicopters.

Design of oil pipeline leak detection and communication system based on optical fiber technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tu, Yaqing; Chen, Huabo

1999-08-01

The integrity of oil pipeline is always a major concern of operators. Pipeline leak not only leads to loss of oil, but pollutes environment. A new pipeline leak detection and communication system based on optical fiber technology to ensure the pipeline reliability is presented. Combined direct leak detection method with an indirect one, the system will greatly reduce the rate of false alarm. According, to the practical features of oil pipeline,the pipeline communication system is designed employing the state-of-the-art optic fiber communication technology. The system has such feature as high location accuracy of leak detection, good real-time characteristic, etc. which overcomes the disadvantages of traditional leak detection methods and communication system effectively.

About U.S. Natural Gas Pipelines

EIA Publications

2007-01-01

This information product provides the interested reader with a broad and non-technical overview of how the U.S. natural gas pipeline network operates, along with some insights into the many individual pipeline systems that make up the network. While the focus of the presentation is the transportation of natural gas over the interstate and intrastate pipeline systems, information on subjects related to pipeline development, such as system design and pipeline expansion, are also included.

49 CFR 191.13 - Distribution systems reporting transmission pipelines; transmission or gathering systems...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Distribution systems reporting transmission pipelines; transmission or gathering systems reporting distribution pipelines. 191.13 Section 191.13 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF...

77 FR 58616 - Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities, Revision to Gas Transmission and Gathering...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-21

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No. PHMSA-2012-0024] Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities, Revision to Gas Transmission and Gathering Pipeline Systems Annual Report, Gas Transmission and Gathering Pipeline Systems Incident Report...

Design Optimization of Innovative High-Level Waste Pipeline Unplugging Technologies - 13341

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pribanic, T.; Awwad, A.; Varona, J.

2013-07-01

Florida International University (FIU) is currently working on the development and optimization of two innovative pipeline unplugging methods: the asynchronous pulsing system (APS) and the peristaltic crawler system (PCS). Experiments were conducted on the APS to determine how air in the pipeline influences the system's performance as well as determine the effectiveness of air mitigation techniques in a pipeline. The results obtained during the experimental phase of the project, including data from pipeline pressure pulse tests along with air bubble compression tests are presented. Single-cycle pulse amplification caused by a fast-acting cylinder piston pump in 21.8, 30.5, and 43.6 mmore » pipelines were evaluated. Experiments were conducted on fully flooded pipelines as well as pipelines that contained various amounts of air to evaluate the system's performance when air is present in the pipeline. Also presented are details of the improvements implemented to the third generation crawler system (PCS). The improvements include the redesign of the rims of the unit to accommodate a camera system that provides visual feedback of the conditions inside the pipeline. Visual feedback allows the crawler to be used as a pipeline unplugging and inspection tool. Tests conducted previously demonstrated a significant reduction of the crawler speed with increasing length of tether. Current improvements include the positioning of a pneumatic valve manifold system that is located in close proximity to the crawler, rendering tether length independent of crawler speed. Additional improvements to increase the crawler's speed were also investigated and presented. Descriptions of the test beds, which were designed to emulate possible scenarios present on the Department of Energy (DOE) pipelines, are presented. Finally, conclusions and recommendations for the systems are provided. (authors)« less

Acoustic system for communication in pipelines

DOEpatents

Martin, II, Louis Peter; Cooper, John F [Oakland, CA

2008-09-09

A system for communication in a pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid. The system includes an encoding and transmitting sub-system connected to the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes that transmits a signal in the frequency range of 3-100 kHz into the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid, and a receiver and processor sub-system connected to the pipe, or pipeline, or network of pipes containing a fluid that receives said signal and uses said signal for a desired application.

77 FR 6857 - Pipeline Safety: Notice of Public Meetings on Improving Pipeline Leak Detection System...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-09

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket ID... installed to lessen the volume of natural gas and hazardous liquid released during catastrophic pipeline... p.m. Panel 3: Considerations for Natural Gas Pipeline Leak Detection Systems 3:30 p.m. Break 3:45 p...

ML-o-Scope: A Diagnostic Visualization System for Deep Machine Learning Pipelines

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-16

ML-o-scope: a diagnostic visualization system for deep machine learning pipelines Daniel Bruckner Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences... machine learning pipelines 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f...the system as a support for tuning large scale object-classification pipelines. 1 Introduction A new generation of pipelined machine learning models

Role of Shape and Numbers of Ridges and Valleys in the Insulating Effects of Topography on the Rayleigh Wave Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narayan, J. P.; Kumar, Neeraj; Chauhan, Ranu

2018-03-01

This research work is inspired by the recently accepted concept that high frequency Rayleigh waves are generated in the epicentral zone of shallow earthquakes. Such high frequency Rayleigh waves with large amplitude may develop much of spatial variability in ground motion which in turn may cause unexpected damage to long-span structures like bridges, underground pipelines, dams, etc., in the hilly regions. Further, it has been reported that topography acts as an insulator for the Rayleigh waves (Ma et al. BSSA 97:2066-2079, 2007). The above mentioned scientific developments stimulated to quantify the role of shape and number of ridges and valleys falling in the path of Rayleigh wave in the insulating effect of topography on the Rayleigh waves. The simulated results reveals very large amplification of the horizontal component of Rayleigh wave near the top of a triangular ridge which may cause intensive landslides under favorable condition. The computed snapshots of the wave-field of Rayleigh wave reveals that the interaction of Rayleigh wave with the topography causes reflection, splitting, and diffraction of Rayleigh wave in the form of body waves which in turn provides the insulating capacity to the topography. Insulating effects of single valley is more than that of single ridge. Further this effect was more in case of elliptical ridge/valley than triangular ridge/valley. The insulating effect of topography was proportional to the frequency of Rayleigh wave and the number of ridges and valleys in the string. The obtained level of insulation effects of topography on the Rayleigh wave (energy of Rayleigh wave reduced to less than 4% after crossing a topography of span 4.5 km) calls for the consideration of role of hills and valleys in seismic hazard prediction, particularly in case of shallow earthquakes.

78 FR 15715 - Excelerate Liquefaction Solutions I, LLC; Lavaca Bay Pipeline System, LLC; Notice of Intent To...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-12

... natural gas from existing pipeline systems to the LNG terminal facilities. The Project would be... room, warehouse, and shop. Pipeline Header System: A 29-mile-long, 42-inch-diameter natural gas pipeline extending northward from the shoreside facilities to nine natural gas interconnects southwest of...

Method and system for pipeline communication

DOEpatents

Richardson,; John, G [Idaho Falls, ID

2008-01-29

A pipeline communication system and method includes a pipeline having a surface extending along at least a portion of the length of the pipeline. A conductive bus is formed to and extends along a portion of the surface of the pipeline. The conductive bus includes a first conductive trace and a second conductive trace with the first and second conductive traces being adapted to conformally couple with a pipeline at the surface extending along at least a portion of the length of the pipeline. A transmitter for sending information along the conductive bus on the pipeline is coupled thereto and a receiver for receiving the information from the conductive bus on the pipeline is also couple to the conductive bus.

ORAC-DR: A generic data reduction pipeline infrastructure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie

2015-03-01

ORAC-DR is a general purpose data reduction pipeline system designed to be instrument and observatory agnostic. The pipeline works with instruments as varied as infrared integral field units, imaging arrays and spectrographs, and sub-millimeter heterodyne arrays and continuum cameras. This paper describes the architecture of the pipeline system and the implementation of the core infrastructure. We finish by discussing the lessons learned since the initial deployment of the pipeline system in the late 1990s.

A Java-based fMRI processing pipeline evaluation system for assessment of univariate general linear model and multivariate canonical variate analysis-based pipelines.

PubMed

Zhang, Jing; Liang, Lichen; Anderson, Jon R; Gatewood, Lael; Rottenberg, David A; Strother, Stephen C

2008-01-01

As functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) becomes widely used, the demands for evaluation of fMRI processing pipelines and validation of fMRI analysis results is increasing rapidly. The current NPAIRS package, an IDL-based fMRI processing pipeline evaluation framework, lacks system interoperability and the ability to evaluate general linear model (GLM)-based pipelines using prediction metrics. Thus, it can not fully evaluate fMRI analytical software modules such as FSL.FEAT and NPAIRS.GLM. In order to overcome these limitations, a Java-based fMRI processing pipeline evaluation system was developed. It integrated YALE (a machine learning environment) into Fiswidgets (a fMRI software environment) to obtain system interoperability and applied an algorithm to measure GLM prediction accuracy. The results demonstrated that the system can evaluate fMRI processing pipelines with univariate GLM and multivariate canonical variates analysis (CVA)-based models on real fMRI data based on prediction accuracy (classification accuracy) and statistical parametric image (SPI) reproducibility. In addition, a preliminary study was performed where four fMRI processing pipelines with GLM and CVA modules such as FSL.FEAT and NPAIRS.CVA were evaluated with the system. The results indicated that (1) the system can compare different fMRI processing pipelines with heterogeneous models (NPAIRS.GLM, NPAIRS.CVA and FSL.FEAT) and rank their performance by automatic performance scoring, and (2) the rank of pipeline performance is highly dependent on the preprocessing operations. These results suggest that the system will be of value for the comparison, validation, standardization and optimization of functional neuroimaging software packages and fMRI processing pipelines.

State of art of seismic design and seismic hazard analysis for oil and gas pipeline system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Aiwen; Chen, Kun; Wu, Jian

2010-06-01

The purpose of this paper is to adopt the uniform confidence method in both water pipeline design and oil-gas pipeline design. Based on the importance of pipeline and consequence of its failure, oil and gas pipeline can be classified into three pipe classes, with exceeding probabilities over 50 years of 2%, 5% and 10%, respectively. Performance-based design requires more information about ground motion, which should be obtained by evaluating seismic safety for pipeline engineering site. Different from a city’s water pipeline network, the long-distance oil and gas pipeline system is a spatially linearly distributed system. For the uniform confidence of seismic safety, a long-distance oil and pipeline formed with pump stations and different-class pipe segments should be considered as a whole system when analyzing seismic risk. Considering the uncertainty of earthquake magnitude, the design-basis fault displacements corresponding to the different pipeline classes are proposed to improve deterministic seismic hazard analysis (DSHA). A new empirical relationship between the maximum fault displacement and the surface-wave magnitude is obtained with the supplemented earthquake data in East Asia. The estimation of fault displacement for a refined oil pipeline in Wenchuan M S8.0 earthquake is introduced as an example in this paper.

77 FR 17119 - Pipeline Safety: Cast Iron Pipe (Supplementary Advisory Bulletin)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-23

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No... national attention and highlight the need for continued safety improvements to aging gas pipeline systems... 26, 1992) covering the continued use of cast iron pipe in natural gas distribution pipeline systems...

78 FR 6402 - Pipeline Safety: Accident and Incident Notification Time Limit

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-30

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No.... SUMMARY: Owners and operators of gas and hazardous liquid pipeline systems and liquefied natural gas (LNG... operators of gas and hazardous liquids pipeline systems and LNG facilities that, ``at the earliest...

Freight pipelines: Current status and anticipated future use

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-07-01

This report is issued by the Task Committee on Freight Pipelines, Pipeline Division, ASCE. Freight pipelines of various types (including slurry pipeline, pneumatic pipeline, and capsule pipeline) have been used throughout the world for over a century for transporting solid and sometimes even package products. Recent advancements in pipeline technology, aided by advanced computer control systems and trenchless technologies, have greatly facilitated the transportation of solids by pipelines. Today, in many situations, freight pipelines are not only the most economical and practical means for transporting solids, they are also the most reliable, safest and most environmentally friendly transportation mode. Increasedmore » use of underground pipelines to transport freight is anticipated in the future, especially as the technology continues to improve and surface transportation modes such as highways become more congested. This paper describes the state of the art and expected future uses of various types of freight pipelines. Obstacles hindering the development and use of the most advanced freight pipeline systems, such as the pneumatic capsule pipeline for interstate transport of freight, are discussed.« less

The value of pipelines to the transportation system of Texas : year one report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-10-01

Pipelines represent a major transporter of petrochemical commodities in Texas. The Texas pipeline system represents as much as 17% of the total pipeline mileage in the U.S. and links many segments of the country with energy sources located on the Gul...

Pipelining in a changing competitive environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, E.G.; Wishart, D.M.

1996-12-31

The changing competitive environment for the pipeline industry presents a broad spectrum of new challenges and opportunities: international cooperation; globalization of opportunities, organizations and competition; and integrated systems approach to system configuration, financing, contracting strategy, materials sourcing, and operations; cutting edge and emerging technologies; adherence to high standards of environmental protection; an emphasis on safety; innovative approaches to project financing; and advances in technology and programs to maintain the long term, cost effective integrity of operating pipeline systems. These challenges and opportunities are partially a result of the increasingly competitive nature of pipeline development and the public`s intolerance to incidentsmore » of pipeline failure. A creative systems approach to these challenges is often the key to the project moving ahead. This usually encompasses collaboration among users of the pipeline, pipeline owners and operators, international engineering and construction companies, equipment and materials suppliers, in-country engineers and constructors, international lending agencies and financial institutions.« less

78 FR 41991 - Pipeline Safety: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused by Flooding

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-12

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No...: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA); DOT. ACTION: Notice; Issuance of Advisory... Gas and Hazardous Liquid Pipeline Systems. Subject: Potential for Damage to Pipeline Facilities Caused...

24 CFR 200.949 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior insulated steel door systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Doors and Frames; (viii) ISDSI-107-80—Thermal Performance Standard for Insulated Steel Door Systems; (ix... certification program for exterior insulated steel door systems. 200.949 Section 200.949 Housing and Urban... program for exterior insulated steel door systems. (a) Applicable standards. (1) All Exterior Insulated...

78 FR 57455 - Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-18

... ``. . . system-specific information, including pipe diameter, operating pressure, product transported, and...) must provide contact information and geospatial data on their pipeline system. This information should... Mapping System (NPMS) to support various regulatory programs, pipeline inspections, and authorized...

Description of the insulation system for the Langley 0.3-Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lawing, P. L.; Dress, D. A.; Kilgore, R. A.

1985-01-01

The thermal insulation system of the Langley 0.3 Meter Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel is described. The insulation system is designed to operate from room temperature down to about 77.4 K, the temperature of liquid nitrogen at 1 atmosphere. A detailed description is given of the primary insulation sytem consists of glass fiber mats, a three part vapor barrier, and a dry positive pressure purge system. Also described are several secondary insulation systems required for the test section, actuators, and tunnel supports. An appendix briefly describes the original insulation system which is considered inferior to the one presently in place. The time required for opening and closing portions of the insulation system for modification or repair to the tunnel has been reduced, typically, from a few days for the original thermal insulating system to a few hours for the present system.

Automatic Generalizability Method of Urban Drainage Pipe Network Considering Multi-Features

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, S.; Yang, Q.; Shao, J.

2018-05-01

Urban drainage systems are indispensable dataset for storm-flooding simulation. Given data availability and current computing power, the structure and complexity of urban drainage systems require to be simplify. However, till data, the simplify procedure mainly depend on manual operation that always leads to mistakes and lower work efficiency. This work referenced the classification methodology of road system, and proposed a conception of pipeline stroke. Further, length of pipeline, angle between two pipelines, the pipeline belonged road level and diameter of pipeline were chosen as the similarity criterion to generate the pipeline stroke. Finally, designed the automatic method to generalize drainage systems with the concern of multi-features. This technique can improve the efficiency and accuracy of the generalization of drainage systems. In addition, it is beneficial to the study of urban storm-floods.

Sensor and transmitter system for communication in pipelines

DOEpatents

Cooper, John F.; Burnham, Alan K.

2013-01-29

A system for sensing and communicating in a pipeline that contains a fluid. An acoustic signal containing information about a property of the fluid is produced in the pipeline. The signal is transmitted through the pipeline. The signal is received with the information and used by a control.

National Pipeline Mapping System (NPMS) : standards for creating pipeline location data : standards for electronic data submissions, including metadata standards and examples

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-07-14

These standards represent a guideline for preparing digital data for inclusion in the National Pipeline Mapping System Repository. The standards were created with input from the pipeline industry and government agencies. They address the submission o...

Pipeline systems - safety for assets and transport regularity

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

This review regarding safety for assets and financial interests for pipeline systems has showed how this aspect has been taken care of in the existing petroleum legislation. It has been demonstrated that the integrity of pipeline systems with the res...

Bad Actors Criticality Assessment for Pipeline system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nasir, Meseret; Chong, Kit wee; Osman, Sabtuni; Siaw Khur, Wee

2015-04-01

Failure of a pipeline system could bring huge economic loss. In order to mitigate such catastrophic loss, it is required to evaluate and rank the impact of each bad actor of the pipeline system. In this study, bad actors are known as the root causes or any potential factor leading to the system downtime. Fault Tree Analysis (FTA) is used to analyze the probability of occurrence for each bad actor. Bimbaum's Importance and criticality measure (BICM) is also employed to rank the impact of each bad actor on the pipeline system failure. The results demonstrate that internal corrosion; external corrosion and construction damage are critical and highly contribute to the pipeline system failure with 48.0%, 12.4% and 6.0% respectively. Thus, a minor improvement in internal corrosion; external corrosion and construction damage would bring significant changes in the pipeline system performance and reliability. These results could also be useful to develop efficient maintenance strategy by identifying the critical bad actors.

Development of a robotic system of nonstripping pipeline repair by reinforced polymeric compositions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rybalkin, LA

2018-03-01

The article considers the possibility of creating a robotic system for pipeline repair. The pipeline repair is performed due to inner layer formation by special polyurethane compositions reinforced by short glass fiber strands. This approach provides the opportunity to repair pipelines without excavation works and pipe replacement.

75 FR 53733 - Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No. PHMSA-2010-0246] Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous... liquefied natural gas, hazardous liquid, and gas transmission pipeline systems operated by a company. The...

78 FR 71036 - Pipeline Safety: Random Drug Testing Rate; Contractor Management Information System Reporting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... PHMSA-2013-0248] Pipeline Safety: Random Drug Testing Rate; Contractor Management Information System Reporting; and Obtaining Drug and Alcohol Management Information System Sign-In Information AGENCY: Pipeline... Management Information System (MIS) Data; and New Method for Operators to Obtain User Name and Password for...

77 FR 74275 - Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-13

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No.... These regulations require operators of hazardous liquid pipelines and gas pipelines to develop and... control room. Affected Public: Operators of both natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline systems. Annual...

Insulation systems for liquid methane fuel tanks for supersonic cruise aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brady, H. F.; Delduca, D.

1972-01-01

Two insulation systems for tanks containing liquid methane in supersonic cruise-type aircraft were designed and tested after an extensive materials investigation. One system is an external insulation and the other is an internal wet-type insulation system. Tank volume was maximized by making the tank shape approach a rectangular parallelopiped. One tank was designed to use the external insulation and the other tank to use the internal insulation. Performance of the external insulation system was evaluated on a full-scale tank under the temperature environment of -320 F to 700 F and ambient pressures of ground-level atmospheric to 1 psia. Problems with installing the internal insulation on the test tank prevented full-scale evaluation of performance; however, small-scale testing verified thermal conductivity, temperature capability, and installed density.

40 CFR 763.83 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., thermal system insulation ACM, or miscellaneous ACM that is found in or on interior structural members or... question may also indicate damage. Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM means thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation...

40 CFR 763.83 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., thermal system insulation ACM, or miscellaneous ACM that is found in or on interior structural members or... question may also indicate damage. Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM means thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation...

40 CFR 763.83 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., thermal system insulation ACM, or miscellaneous ACM that is found in or on interior structural members or... question may also indicate damage. Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM means thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation...

40 CFR 763.83 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., thermal system insulation ACM, or miscellaneous ACM that is found in or on interior structural members or... question may also indicate damage. Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM means thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation...

40 CFR 763.83 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., thermal system insulation ACM, or miscellaneous ACM that is found in or on interior structural members or... question may also indicate damage. Damaged or significantly damaged thermal system insulation ACM means thermal system insulation ACM on pipes, boilers, tanks, ducts, and other thermal system insulation...

Computer models of complex multiloop branched pipeline systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kudinov, I. V.; Kolesnikov, S. V.; Eremin, A. V.; Branfileva, A. N.

2013-11-01

This paper describes the principal theoretical concepts of the method used for constructing computer models of complex multiloop branched pipeline networks, and this method is based on the theory of graphs and two Kirchhoff's laws applied to electrical circuits. The models make it possible to calculate velocities, flow rates, and pressures of a fluid medium in any section of pipeline networks, when the latter are considered as single hydraulic systems. On the basis of multivariant calculations the reasons for existing problems can be identified, the least costly methods of their elimination can be proposed, and recommendations for planning the modernization of pipeline systems and construction of their new sections can be made. The results obtained can be applied to complex pipeline systems intended for various purposes (water pipelines, petroleum pipelines, etc.). The operability of the model has been verified on an example of designing a unified computer model of the heat network for centralized heat supply of the city of Samara.

A Review of Fatigue Crack Growth for Pipeline Steels Exposed to Hydrogen

PubMed Central

Nanninga, N.; Slifka, A.; Levy, Y.; White, C.

2010-01-01

Hydrogen pipeline systems offer an economical means of storing and transporting energy in the form of hydrogen gas. Pipelines can be used to transport hydrogen that has been generated at solar and wind farms to and from salt cavern storage locations. In addition, pipeline transportation systems will be essential before widespread hydrogen fuel cell vehicle technology becomes a reality. Since hydrogen pipeline use is expected to grow, the mechanical integrity of these pipelines will need to be validated under the presence of pressurized hydrogen. This paper focuses on a review of the fatigue crack growth response of pipeline steels when exposed to gaseous hydrogen environments. Because of defect-tolerant design principles in pipeline structures, it is essential that designers consider hydrogen-assisted fatigue crack growth behavior in these applications. PMID:27134796

78 FR 14877 - Pipeline Safety: Incident and Accident Reports

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket ID PHMSA-2013-0028] Pipeline Safety: Incident and Accident Reports AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials... PHMSA F 7100.2--Incident Report--Natural and Other Gas Transmission and Gathering Pipeline Systems and...

Composite multilayer insulations for thermal protection of aerospace vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kourtides, Demetrius A.; Pitts, William C.

1989-01-01

Composite flexible multilayer insulation systems (MLI), consisting of alternating layers of metal foil and scrim cloth or insulation quilted together using ceramic thread, were evaluated for thermal performance and compared with a silica fibrous (baseline) insulation system. The systems studied included: (1) alternating layers of aluminoborosilicate (ABS) scrim cloth and stainless steel foil, with silica, ABS, or alumina insulation; (2) alternating layers of scrim cloth and aluminum foil, with silica or ABS insulation; (3) alternating layers of aluminum foil and silica or ABS insulation; and (4) alternating layers of aluminum-coated polyimide placed on the bottom of the silica insulation. The MLIs containing aluminum were the most efficient, measuring as little as half the backface temperature increase of the baseline system.

A graph-based approach for designing extensible pipelines

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background In bioinformatics, it is important to build extensible and low-maintenance systems that are able to deal with the new tools and data formats that are constantly being developed. The traditional and simplest implementation of pipelines involves hardcoding the execution steps into programs or scripts. This approach can lead to problems when a pipeline is expanding because the incorporation of new tools is often error prone and time consuming. Current approaches to pipeline development such as workflow management systems focus on analysis tasks that are systematically repeated without significant changes in their course of execution, such as genome annotation. However, more dynamism on the pipeline composition is necessary when each execution requires a different combination of steps. Results We propose a graph-based approach to implement extensible and low-maintenance pipelines that is suitable for pipeline applications with multiple functionalities that require different combinations of steps in each execution. Here pipelines are composed automatically by compiling a specialised set of tools on demand, depending on the functionality required, instead of specifying every sequence of tools in advance. We represent the connectivity of pipeline components with a directed graph in which components are the graph edges, their inputs and outputs are the graph nodes, and the paths through the graph are pipelines. To that end, we developed special data structures and a pipeline system algorithm. We demonstrate the applicability of our approach by implementing a format conversion pipeline for the fields of population genetics and genetic epidemiology, but our approach is also helpful in other fields where the use of multiple software is necessary to perform comprehensive analyses, such as gene expression and proteomics analyses. The project code, documentation and the Java executables are available under an open source license at http://code.google.com/p/dynamic-pipeline. The system has been tested on Linux and Windows platforms. Conclusions Our graph-based approach enables the automatic creation of pipelines by compiling a specialised set of tools on demand, depending on the functionality required. It also allows the implementation of extensible and low-maintenance pipelines and contributes towards consolidating openness and collaboration in bioinformatics systems. It is targeted at pipeline developers and is suited for implementing applications with sequential execution steps and combined functionalities. In the format conversion application, the automatic combination of conversion tools increased both the number of possible conversions available to the user and the extensibility of the system to allow for future updates with new file formats. PMID:22788675

Manifold Coal-Slurry Transport System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Liddle, S. G.; Estus, J. M.; Lavin, M. L.

1986-01-01

Feeding several slurry pipes into main pipeline reduces congestion in coal mines. System based on manifold concept: feeder pipelines from each working entry joined to main pipeline that carries coal slurry out of panel and onto surface. Manifold concept makes coal-slurry haulage much simpler than existing slurry systems.

43 CFR 2801.9 - When do I need a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., pipelines, tunnels, and other systems which impound, store, transport, or distribute water; (2) Pipelines and other systems for transporting or distributing liquids and gases, other than water and other than... and terminal facilities used in connection with them; (3) Pipelines, slurry and emulsion systems, and...

43 CFR 2801.9 - When do I need a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., pipelines, tunnels, and other systems which impound, store, transport, or distribute water; (2) Pipelines and other systems for transporting or distributing liquids and gases, other than water and other than... and terminal facilities used in connection with them; (3) Pipelines, slurry and emulsion systems, and...

43 CFR 2801.9 - When do I need a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., pipelines, tunnels, and other systems which impound, store, transport, or distribute water; (2) Pipelines and other systems for transporting or distributing liquids and gases, other than water and other than... and terminal facilities used in connection with them; (3) Pipelines, slurry and emulsion systems, and...

43 CFR 2801.9 - When do I need a grant?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., pipelines, tunnels, and other systems which impound, store, transport, or distribute water; (2) Pipelines and other systems for transporting or distributing liquids and gases, other than water and other than... and terminal facilities used in connection with them; (3) Pipelines, slurry and emulsion systems, and...

78 FR 65427 - Pipeline Safety: Reminder of Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Utility Liquefied...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-31

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No. PHMSA-2013-0097] Pipeline Safety: Reminder of Requirements for Liquefied Petroleum Gas and Utility Liquefied Petroleum Gas Pipeline Systems AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration...

Methods of increasing efficiency and maintainability of pipeline systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, V. A.; Sokolov, S. M.; Ogudova, E. V.

2018-05-01

This study is dedicated to the issue of pipeline transportation system maintenance. The article identifies two classes of technical-and-economic indices, which are used to select an optimal pipeline transportation system structure. Further, the article determines various system maintenance strategies and strategy selection criteria. Meanwhile, the maintenance strategies turn out to be not sufficiently effective due to non-optimal values of maintenance intervals. This problem could be solved by running the adaptive maintenance system, which includes a pipeline transportation system reliability improvement algorithm, especially an equipment degradation computer model. In conclusion, three model building approaches for determining optimal technical systems verification inspections duration were considered.

PipelineDog: a simple and flexible graphic pipeline construction and maintenance tool.

PubMed

Zhou, Anbo; Zhang, Yeting; Sun, Yazhou; Xing, Jinchuan

2018-05-01

Analysis pipelines are an essential part of bioinformatics research, and ad hoc pipelines are frequently created by researchers for prototyping and proof-of-concept purposes. However, most existing pipeline management system or workflow engines are too complex for rapid prototyping or learning the pipeline concept. A lightweight, user-friendly and flexible solution is thus desirable. In this study, we developed a new pipeline construction and maintenance tool, PipelineDog. This is a web-based integrated development environment with a modern web graphical user interface. It offers cross-platform compatibility, project management capabilities, code formatting and error checking functions and an online repository. It uses an easy-to-read/write script system that encourages code reuse. With the online repository, it also encourages sharing of pipelines, which enhances analysis reproducibility and accountability. For most users, PipelineDog requires no software installation. Overall, this web application provides a way to rapidly create and easily manage pipelines. PipelineDog web app is freely available at http://web.pipeline.dog. The command line version is available at http://www.npmjs.com/package/pipelinedog and online repository at http://repo.pipeline.dog. ysun@kean.edu or xing@biology.rutgers.edu or ysun@diagnoa.com. Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

Thermal Insulation System for Non-Vacuum Applications Including a Multilayer Composite

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesmire, James E. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

The thermal insulation system of the present invention is for non-vacuum applications and is specifically tailored to the ambient pressure environment with any level of humidity or moisture. The thermal insulation system includes a multilayered composite including i) at least one thermal insulation layer and at least one compressible barrier layer provided as alternating, successive layers, and ii) at least one reflective film provided on at least one surface of the thermal insulation layer and/or said compressible barrier layer. The different layers and materials and their combinations are designed to provide low effective thermal conductivity for the system by managing all modes of heat transfer. The thermal insulation system includes an optional outer casing surrounding the multilayered composite. The thermal insulation system is particularly suited for use in any sub-ambient temperature environment where moisture or its adverse effects are a concern. The thermal insulation system provides physical resilience against damaging mechanical effects including compression, flexure, impact, vibration, and thermal expansion/contraction.

78 FR 28837 - Acadian Gas Pipeline System; Notice of Petition

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-16

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. PR11-129-001] Acadian Gas Pipeline System; Notice of Petition Take notice that on May 6, 2013, Acadian Gas Pipeline System (Acadian... concerns filed in the September 26, 2011 filing, as more fully detailed in the petition. Any person...

40 CFR 761.60 - Disposal requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a disposal facility approved under this part. (5) Natural gas pipeline systems containing PCBs. The owner or operator of natural gas pipeline systems containing ≥50 ppm PCBs, when no longer in use, shall... the PCB concentrations in natural gas pipeline systems shall do so in accordance with paragraph (b)(5...

Drive Control System for Pipeline Crawl Robot Based on CAN Bus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, H. J.; Gao, B. T.; Zhang, X. H.; Deng2, Z. Q.

2006-10-01

Drive control system plays important roles in pipeline robot. In order to inspect the flaw and corrosion of seabed crude oil pipeline, an original mobile pipeline robot with crawler drive unit, power and monitor unit, central control unit, and ultrasonic wave inspection device is developed. The CAN bus connects these different function units and presents a reliable information channel. Considering the limited space, a compact hardware system is designed based on an ARM processor with two CAN controllers. With made-to-order CAN protocol for the crawl robot, an intelligent drive control system is developed. The implementation of the crawl robot demonstrates that the presented drive control scheme can meet the motion control requirements of the underwater pipeline crawl robot.

Composite flexible insulation for thermal protection of space vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kourtides, Demetrius A.; Tran, Huy K.; Chiu, S. Amanda

1991-01-01

A composite flexible blanket insulation (CFBI) system considered for use as a thermal protection system for space vehicles is described. This flexible composite insulation system consists of an outer layer of silicon carbide fabric, followed by alumina mat insulation, and alternating layers of aluminized polyimide film and aluminoborosilicate scrim fabric. A potential application of this composite insulation would be as a thermal protection system for the aerobrake of the aeroassist space transfer vehicle (ASTV). It would also apply to other space vehicles subject to high convective and radiative heating during atmospheric entry. The thermal performance of this composite insulation as exposed to a simulated atmospheric entry environment in a plasma arc test facility is described. Other thermophysical properties which affect the thermal response of this composite insulation is included. It shows that this composite insulation is effective as a thermal protection system at total heating rates up to 30.6 W/sq cm.

Cryogenic Insulation Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Augustynowicz, S. D.; Fesmire, J. E.; Wikstrom, J. P.

1999-01-01

The results of a comparative study of cryogenic insulation systems performed are presented. The key aspects of thermal insulation relative to cryogenic system design, testing, manufacturing, and maintenance are discussed. An overview of insulation development from an energy conservation perspective is given. Conventional insulation materials for cryogenic applications provide three levels of thermal conductivity. Actual thermal performance of standard multilayer insulation (MLI) is several times less than laboratory performance and often 10 times worse than ideal performance. The cost-effectiveness of the insulation system depends on thermal performance; flexibility and durability; ease of use in handling, installation, and maintenance; and overall cost including operations, maintenance, and life cycle. Results of comprehensive testing of both conventional and novel materials such as aerogel composites using cryostat boil-off methods are given. The development of efficient, robust cryogenic insulation systems that operate at a soft vacuum level is the primary focus of this paper.

Development and validation of purged thermal protection systems for liquid hydrogen fuel tanks of hypersonic vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Helenbrook, R. D.; Colt, J. Z.

1977-01-01

An economical, lightweight, safe, efficient, reliable, and reusable insulation system was developed for hypersonic cruise vehicle hydrogen fuel tanks. Results indicate that, a nitrogen purged, layered insulation system with nonpermeable closed-cell insulation next to the cryogenic tank and a high service temperature fibrous insulation surrounding it, is potentially an attractive solution to the insulation problem. For the postulated hypersonic flight the average unit weight of the purged insulation system (including insulation, condensate and fuel boil off) is 6.31 kg/sq m (1.29 psf). Limited cyclic tests of large specimens of closed cell polymethacrylimide foam indicate it will withstand the expected thermal cycle.

Natural disasters and the gas pipeline system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1996-11-01

Episodic descriptions are provided of the effects of the Loma Prieta earthquake (1989) on the gas pipeline systems of Pacific Gas & Electric Company and the Cit of Palo Alto and of the Northridge earthquake (1994) on Southern California Gas' pipeline...

78 FR 71033 - Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities, Revisions to Incident and Annual Reports for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-27

... Reports for Gas Pipeline Operators AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration, DOT... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No... Pipeline Systems; PHMSA F 7100.2-1 Annual Report for Calendar Year 20xx Natural and Other Gas Transmission...

76 FR 28326 - Pipeline Safety: National Pipeline Mapping System Data Submissions and Submission Dates for Gas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-17

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 49 CFR 191... Reports AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), DOT. ACTION: Issuance of... Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA) published a final rule on November 26, 2010...

Thermodynamic and heat transfer analysis of LNG energy recovery for power production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Franco, A.; Casarosa, C.

2014-11-01

An important option to transport the gas is to convert it into liquid natural gas (LNG) and convey it using insulated LNG tankers. At receiving terminals, the LNG is offloaded into storage tanks and then pumped at the required pressure and vaporized for final transmission to the pipeline. The LNG production process consumes a considerable amount of energy, while the cold availability, as also known as cold energy, has been stored in LNG. At a receiving terminal, LNG needs to be evaporated into gas at environmental temperature before fed into the gas distribution system. Seawater is commonly used for the regasification process of the LNG. In the present paper, after a general analysis of the perspectives of the various thermodynamic schemes proposed for power production from the regasification, a detailed analysis of enhanced direct expansion system is carried out in order to identify the upper level of the energy that can be recovered. The analysis outlines that power production typical of optimized ORC plant configurations (120 kJ/kg) can be obtained with direct expansion solutions.

49 CFR 179.400-4 - Insulation system and performance standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of heat transfer used for determining the satisfactory performance of the insulation system of a... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Insulation system and performance standard. 179... DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.400-4 Insulation system and performance standard. (a) For the purposes of this...

49 CFR 179.400-4 - Insulation system and performance standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of heat transfer used for determining the satisfactory performance of the insulation system of a... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Insulation system and performance standard. 179... DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.400-4 Insulation system and performance standard. (a) For the purposes of this...

49 CFR 179.400-4 - Insulation system and performance standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of heat transfer used for determining the satisfactory performance of the insulation system of a... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Insulation system and performance standard. 179... DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.400-4 Insulation system and performance standard. (a) For the purposes of this...

49 CFR 179.400-4 - Insulation system and performance standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of heat transfer used for determining the satisfactory performance of the insulation system of a... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Insulation system and performance standard. 179... DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.400-4 Insulation system and performance standard. (a) For the purposes of this...

49 CFR 179.400-4 - Insulation system and performance standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of heat transfer used for determining the satisfactory performance of the insulation system of a... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Insulation system and performance standard. 179... DOT-113 and 107A) § 179.400-4 Insulation system and performance standard. (a) For the purposes of this...

24 CFR 200.946 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Glass Fiber Reinforcing Mesh for Use in Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), Class PB. (xv... certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems, use of Materials Bulletin UM 101. 200.946... product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems, use of Materials...

24 CFR 200.946 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Glass Fiber Reinforcing Mesh for Use in Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS), Class PB. (xv... certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems, use of Materials Bulletin UM 101. 200.946... product standards and certification program for exterior finish and insulation systems, use of Materials...

24 CFR 200.949 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior insulated steel door systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... certification program for exterior insulated steel door systems. 200.949 Section 200.949 Housing and Urban... program for exterior insulated steel door systems. (a) Applicable standards. (1) All Exterior Insulated Steel Door Systems shall be designed, manufactured, and tested in compliance with the following...

24 CFR 200.949 - Building product standards and certification program for exterior insulated steel door systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... certification program for exterior insulated steel door systems. 200.949 Section 200.949 Housing and Urban... program for exterior insulated steel door systems. (a) Applicable standards. (1) All Exterior Insulated Steel Door Systems shall be designed, manufactured, and tested in compliance with the following...

Defect design of insulation systems for photovoltaic modules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mon, G. R.

1981-01-01

A defect-design approach to sizing electrical insulation systems for terrestrial photovoltaic modules is presented. It consists of gathering voltage-breakdown statistics on various thicknesses of candidate insulation films where, for a designated voltage, module failure probabilities for enumerated thickness and number-of-layer film combinations are calculated. Cost analysis then selects the most economical insulation system. A manufacturing yield problem is solved to exemplify the technique. Results for unaged Mylar suggest using fewer layers of thicker films. Defect design incorporates effects of flaws in optimal insulation system selection, and obviates choosing a tolerable failure rate, since the optimization process accomplishes that. Exposure to weathering and voltage stress reduces the voltage-withstanding capability of module insulation films. Defect design, applied to aged polyester films, promises to yield reliable, cost-optimal insulation systems.

Composite flexible insulation for thermal protection of space vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kourtides, Demetrius A.; Tran, Huy K.; Chiu, S. Amanda

1992-09-01

A composite flexible blanket insulation (CFBI) system considered for use as a thermal protection system for space vehicles is described. This flexible composite insulation system consists of an outer layer of silicon carbide fabric, followed by alumina mat insulation, and alternating layers of aluminized polyimide film and aluminoborosilicate scrim fabric. A potential application of this composite insulation would be as a thermal protection system for the aerobrake of the Aeroassist Space Transfer Vehicle (ASTV). It would also apply to other space vehicles subject to high convective and radiative heating during atmospheric entry. The thermal performance of this composite insulation as exposed to a simulated atmospheric entry environment in a plasma arc test facility is described. Other thermophysical properties which affect the thermal response of this system are also described. Analytical modeling describing the thermal performance of this composite insulation is included. It shows that this composite insulation is effective as a thermal protection system at total heating rates up to 30.6 W/sq cm.

High-throughput bioinformatics with the Cyrille2 pipeline system

PubMed Central

Fiers, Mark WEJ; van der Burgt, Ate; Datema, Erwin; de Groot, Joost CW; van Ham, Roeland CHJ

2008-01-01

Background Modern omics research involves the application of high-throughput technologies that generate vast volumes of data. These data need to be pre-processed, analyzed and integrated with existing knowledge through the use of diverse sets of software tools, models and databases. The analyses are often interdependent and chained together to form complex workflows or pipelines. Given the volume of the data used and the multitude of computational resources available, specialized pipeline software is required to make high-throughput analysis of large-scale omics datasets feasible. Results We have developed a generic pipeline system called Cyrille2. The system is modular in design and consists of three functionally distinct parts: 1) a web based, graphical user interface (GUI) that enables a pipeline operator to manage the system; 2) the Scheduler, which forms the functional core of the system and which tracks what data enters the system and determines what jobs must be scheduled for execution, and; 3) the Executor, which searches for scheduled jobs and executes these on a compute cluster. Conclusion The Cyrille2 system is an extensible, modular system, implementing the stated requirements. Cyrille2 enables easy creation and execution of high throughput, flexible bioinformatics pipelines. PMID:18269742

Evaluation of European District Heating Systems for Application to Army Installations in the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-07-01

pipes in hooded channels, and the steel insulated pipes are insulated with mineral wool . In the thermo- concrete laying system the insulation...depends on the type foam insulation used. • Class “A” steel carrier pipe with a mineral wool , foam glass, fiber glass, or calcium silicate insulation...with a mineral wool , foam glass, fiber glass, or calcium silicate insulation covered by a steel con- duit, which has a polyurethane foam insulation

Microcomputers, software combine to provide daily product, movement inventory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cable, T.

1985-06-01

This paper describes the efforts of Sante Fe Pipelines Inc. in keeping track of product inventory on the 810 mile, 12-in. Chapparal Pipeline and the 1,913 mile, 8- and 10-in. Gulf Central Pipeline. The decision to use a PC for monitoring the inventory was significant. The application was completed by TRON, Inc. The system is actually two major subsystems. The pipeline system accounts for injections into the pipeline and deliveries of product. This feeds the storage and the terminal inventory system where inventories are maintained at storage locations by shipper and supplier account. The paper further explains the inventory monitoringmore » process in detail. Communications software is described as well.« less

49 CFR 195.401 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... its pipeline system according to the following requirements: (1) Non Integrity management repairs... affected part of the system until it has corrected the unsafe condition. (2) Integrity management repairs... this part: (1) An interstate pipeline, other than a low-stress pipeline, on which construction was...

49 CFR 195.401 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... its pipeline system according to the following requirements: (1) Non Integrity management repairs... affected part of the system until it has corrected the unsafe condition. (2) Integrity management repairs... this part: (1) An interstate pipeline, other than a low-stress pipeline, on which construction was...

49 CFR 195.401 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... its pipeline system according to the following requirements: (1) Non Integrity management repairs... affected part of the system until it has corrected the unsafe condition. (2) Integrity management repairs... this part: (1) An interstate pipeline, other than a low-stress pipeline, on which construction was...

49 CFR 195.401 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... its pipeline system according to the following requirements: (1) Non Integrity management repairs... affected part of the system until it has corrected the unsafe condition. (2) Integrity management repairs... this part: (1) An interstate pipeline, other than a low-stress pipeline, on which construction was...

75 FR 67807 - Pipeline Safety: Emergency Preparedness Communications

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No... is issuing an Advisory Bulletin to remind operators of gas and hazardous liquid pipeline facilities... Gas Pipeline Systems. Subject: Emergency Preparedness Communications. Advisory: To further enhance the...

76 FR 65778 - Pipeline Safety: Information Collection Activities

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No...: 12,120. Frequency of Collection: On occasion. 2. Title: Recordkeeping for Natural Gas Pipeline... investigating incidents. Affected Public: Operators of natural gas pipeline systems. Annual Reporting and...

Corrosion control acceptance criteria for sacrificial anode type, cathodic protection systems (user guide)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hock, Vincent F.; Noble, Michael; McLeod, Malcolm E.

1994-07-01

The Army currently operates and maintains more than 20,000 underground storage tanks and over 3000 miles of underground gas pipelines, all of which require some form of corrosion control. Cathodic protection is one method of corrosion control used to prevent corrosion-induced leaks when a steel structure is exposed to an aggressive soil. The corrosion control acceptance criteria for sacrificial anode type CP systems provides guidelines for the DEH/DPW cathodic protection installation inspectors whose responsibilities are to ensure that the materials and equipment specified are delivered to the job site and subsequently installed in accordance with the engineering drawings and specifications. The sacrificial anode CP acceptance criteria includes all components for the sacrificial anode system such as insulated conductors, anodes, anode backfills, and auxiliary equipment. The sacrificial anode CP acceptance criteria is composed of a checklist that lists each component and that contains a space for the inspector to either check 'yes' or 'no' to indicate whether the component complies with the job specifications. In some cases, the inspector must measure and record physical dimensions or electrical output and compare the measurements to standards shown in attached tables.

Design improvement, qualification testing, purge and vent investigation, fabrication, and documentation of a GAC-9 insulation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shriver, C. B.; Apisa, J. N.; Kariotis, A. H.

1971-01-01

Results of the research and development program to determine the purge and vent characteristics of the GAC-9 insulation system are summarized. The work scope comprised: (1) literature survey; (2) design improvement and insulation effort; (3) testing; and (4) evaluation of test results. Program objectives to be realized are: (1) definition of purge gas flow characteristics of the GAC-9 insulation system through laboratory measurements; and (2) demonstration of insulation effectiveness as a system for prelaunch purging and launch venting of the 76-cm diameter calorimeter, which is a subscale model simulating a realistic type of GAC-9 insulation application.

78 FR 77484 - Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline System Operator...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-23

... Federal agency for pipeline security, it is important for TSA to have contact information for company... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Transportation Security Administration Extension of Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline System Operator Security Information AGENCY...

Airborne LIDAR Pipeline Inspection System (ALPIS) Mapping Tests

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-06-06

Natural gas and hazardous liquid pipeline operators have a need to identify where leaks are occurring along their pipelines in order to lower the risks the pipelines pose to people and the environment. Current methods of locating natural gas and haza...

Finite Element Analysis and Experimental Study on Elbow Vibration Transmission Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qing-shan, Dai; Zhen-hai, Zhang; Shi-jian, Zhu

2017-11-01

Pipeline system vibration is one of the significant factors leading to the vibration and noise of vessel. Elbow is widely used in the pipeline system. However, the researches about vibration of elbow are little, and there is no systematic study. In this research, we firstly analysed the relationship between elbow vibration transmission characteristics and bending radius by ABAQUS finite element simulation. Then, we conducted the further vibration test to observe the vibration transmission characteristics of different elbows which have the same diameter and different bending radius under different flow velocity. The results of simulation calculation and experiment both showed that the vibration acceleration levels of the pipeline system decreased with the increase of bending radius of the elbow, which was beneficial to reduce the transmission of vibration in the pipeline system. The results could be used as reference for further studies and designs for the low noise installation of pipeline system.

Diagnostic layer integration in FPGA-based pipeline measurement systems for HEP experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pozniak, Krzysztof T.

2007-08-01

Integrated triggering and data acquisition systems for high energy physics experiments may be considered as fast, multichannel, synchronous, distributed, pipeline measurement systems. A considerable extension of functional, technological and monitoring demands, which has recently been imposed on them, forced a common usage of large field-programmable gate array (FPGA), digital signal processing-enhanced matrices and fast optical transmission for their realization. This paper discusses modelling, design, realization and testing of pipeline measurement systems. A distribution of synchronous data stream flows is considered in the network. A general functional structure of a single network node is presented. A suggested, novel block structure of the node model facilitates full implementation in the FPGA chip, circuit standardization and parametrization, as well as integration of functional and diagnostic layers. A general method for pipeline system design was derived. This method is based on a unified model of the synchronous data network node. A few examples of practically realized, FPGA-based, pipeline measurement systems were presented. The described systems were applied in ZEUS and CMS.

CROSS-DISCIPLINARY PHYSICS AND RELATED AREAS OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY: Depletion interactions in a cylindric pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Li-Xin; Gao, Hai-Xia; Li, Chun-Shu; Xiao, Chang-Ming

2009-08-01

In a colloidal system confined by a small cylindric pipeline, the depletion interaction between two large spheres is different to the system confined by two plates, and the influence on depletion interaction from the pipeline is related to both the size and shape of it. In this paper, the depletion interactions in the systems confined by pipelines of different sizes or different shapes are studied by Monte Carlo simulations. The numerical results show that the influence on depletion force from the cylindric pipeline is stronger than that from two parallel plates, and the depletion force will be strengthened when the diameter of the cylinder is decreased. In addition, we also find that the depletion interaction is rather affected if the shape change of the pipeline is slightly changed, and the influence on depletion force from the shape change is stronger than that from the size change.

49 CFR 191.11 - Distribution system: Annual report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Distribution system: Annual report. 191.11 Section 191.11 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE;...

49 CFR 191.9 - Distribution system: Incident report.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Distribution system: Incident report. 191.9 Section 191.9 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER GAS BY PIPELINE;...

76 FR 48834 - Michigan Consolidated Gas Company and Dawn Gateway Pipeline, LLC; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-09

...'s Belle River-St. Clair Pipeline into the new 21-mile long Dawn Gateway Pipeline system, which... & Optimization, DTE Pipeline/Dawn Gateway LLC, One Energy Plaza, Detroit, MI 48226, phone (313) 235-6531 or e...

Composite Flexible Blanket Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kourtides, Demetrius A. (Inventor); Pitts, William C. (Inventor); Goldstein, Howard E. (Inventor); Sawko, Paul M. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

Composite flexible multilayer insulation systems (MLI) were evaluated for thermal performance and compared with the currently used fibrous silica (baseline) insulation system. The systems described are multilayer insulations consisting of alternating layers of metal foil and scrim ceramic cloth or vacuum metallized polymeric films quilted together using ceramic thread. A silicon carbide thread for use in the quilting and the method of making it are also described. These systems are useful in providing lightweight insulation for a variety of uses, particularly on the surface of aerospace vehicles subject to very high temperatures during flight.

New gas-pipeline system planned for Argentina

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Andrich, V.

1979-03-01

A new gas-pipeline system planned for Argentina by Gas del Estado will carry up to 10 million cu m/day to Mendoza, San Juan, and San Luis from the Neuquen basin. Operating on a toll system of transport payment, the Centro-Oeste pipeline system will consist of 1100 km of over 30 in. dia trunk line and 600 km of 8, 12, and 18 in. dia lateral lines.

49 CFR Appendix E to Part 192 - Guidance on Determining High Consequence Areas and on Carrying out Requirements in the Integrity...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... addressing time dependent and independent threats for a transmission pipeline operating below 30% SMYS not in... pipeline system are covered for purposes of the integrity management program requirements, an operator must... system, or an operator may apply one method to individual portions of the pipeline system. (Refer to...

Insulation detection of electric vehicle batteries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dai, Qiqi; Zhu, Zhongwen; Huang, Denggao; Du, Mingxing; Wei, Kexin

2018-06-01

In this paper, an electric vehicle insulation detection method with single side switching fixed resistance is designed, and the hardware and software design of the system are given. The experiment proves that the insulation detection system can detect the insulation resistance in a wide range of resistance values, and accurately report the fault level. This system can effectively monitor the insulation fault between the car body and the high voltage line and avoid the passengers from being injured.

Development of Protective Coatings for Co-Sequestration Processes and Pipelines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bierwagen, Gordon; Huang, Yaping

2011-11-30

The program, entitled Development of Protective Coatings for Co-Sequestration Processes and Pipelines, examined the sensitivity of existing coating systems to supercritical carbon dioxide (SCCO2) exposure and developed new coating system to protect pipelines from their corrosion under SCCO2 exposure. A literature review was also conducted regarding pipeline corrosion sensors to monitor pipes used in handling co-sequestration fluids. Research was to ensure safety and reliability for a pipeline involving transport of SCCO2 from the power plant to the sequestration site to mitigate the greenhouse gas effect. Results showed that one commercial coating and one designed formulation can both be supplied asmore » potential candidates for internal pipeline coating to transport SCCO2.« less

30 CFR 250.905 - How do I get approval for the installation, modification, or repair of my platform?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... foundations; drilling, production, and pipeline risers and riser tensioning systems; turrets and turret-and... component design; pile foundations; drilling, production, and pipeline risers and riser tensioning systems... Loads imposed by jacket; decks; production components; drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and...

30 CFR 250.905 - How do I get approval for the installation, modification, or repair of my platform?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... foundations; drilling, production, and pipeline risers and riser tensioning systems; turrets and turret-and... component design; pile foundations; drilling, production, and pipeline risers and riser tensioning systems... Loads imposed by jacket; decks; production components; drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and...

Monitoring of pipelines in nuclear power plants by measuring laser-based mechanical impedance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Hyeonseok; Sohn, Hoon; Yang, Suyoung; Yang, Jinyeol

2014-06-01

Using laser-based mechanical impedance (LMI) measurement, this study proposes a damage detection technique that enables structural health monitoring of pipelines under the high temperature and radioactive environments of nuclear power plants (NPPs). The applications of conventional electromechanical impedance (EMI) based techniques to NPPs have been limited, mainly due to the contact nature of piezoelectric transducers, which cannot survive under the high temperature and high radiation environments of NPPs. The proposed LMI measurement technique aims to tackle the limitations of the EMI techniques by utilizing noncontact laser beams for both ultrasound generation and sensing. An Nd:Yag pulse laser is used for ultrasound generation, and a laser Doppler vibrometer is employed for the measurement of the corresponding ultrasound responses. For the monitoring of pipes covered by insulation layers, this study utilizes optical fibers to guide the laser beams to specific target locations. Then, an outlier analysis is adopted for autonomous damage diagnosis. Validation of the proposed LMI technique is carried out on a carbon steel pipe elbow under varying temperatures. A corrosion defect chemically engraved in the specimen is successfully detected.

76 FR 22944 - Pipeline Safety: Notice of Public Webinars on Implementation of Distribution Integrity Management...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-25

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket ID... Management Programs AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), DOT. ACTION... Nation's gas distribution pipeline systems through development of inspection methods and guidance for the...

75 FR 22678 - Pipeline Safety: Implementation of Electronic Filing for Recently Revised Incident/Accident...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-29

... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration [Docket No... Liquid Systems AGENCY: Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), DOT. ACTION: Notice; Issuance of Advisory Bulletin. SUMMARY: This notice advises owners and operators of gas pipeline...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Washenfelder, D. J.; Girardot, C. L.; Wilson, E. R.

The twenty-eight double-shell underground radioactive waste storage tanks at the U. S. Department of Energy’s Hanford Site near Richland, WA are interconnected by the Waste Transfer System network of buried steel encased pipelines and pipe jumpers in below-grade pits. The pipeline material is stainless steel or carbon steel in 51 mm to 152 mm (2 in. to 6 in.) sizes. The pipelines carry slurries ranging up to 20 volume percent solids and supernatants with less than one volume percent solids at velocities necessary to prevent settling. The pipelines, installed between 1976 and 2011, were originally intended to last until themore » 2028 completion of the double-shell tank storage mission. The mission has been subsequently extended. In 2010 the Tank Operating Contractor began a systematic evaluation of the Waste Transfer System pipeline conditions applying guidelines from API 579-1/ASME FFS-1 (2007), Fitness-For-Service. Between 2010 and 2014 Fitness-for-Service examinations of the Waste Transfer System pipeline materials, sizes, and components were completed. In parallel, waste throughput histories were prepared allowing side-by-side pipeline wall thinning rate comparisons between carbon and stainless steel, slurries and supernatants and throughput volumes. The work showed that for transfer volumes up to 6.1E+05 m 3 (161 million gallons), the highest throughput of any pipeline segment examined, there has been no detectable wall thinning in either stainless or carbon steel pipeline material regardless of waste fluid characteristics or throughput. The paper describes the field and laboratory evaluation methods used for the Fitness-for-Service examinations, the results of the examinations, and the data reduction methodologies used to support Hanford Waste Transfer System pipeline wall thinning conclusions.« less

Guidelines for riser splash zone design and repair

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-02-01

The many years of offshore oil and gas development has established the subsea pipeline as a reliable and cost effective means of transportation for produced hydrocarbons. The requirement for subsea pipeline systems will continue to move into deeper water and more remote locations with the future development of oil and gas exploration. The integrity of subsea pipeline and riser systems, throughout their operating lifetime, is an important area for operators to consider in maximizing reliability and serviceability for economic, contractual and environmental reasons. Adequate design and installation are the basis for ensuring the integrity of any subsea pipeline and risermore » systems. In the event of system damage, from any source, quick and accurate repair and reinstatement of the pipeline system is essential. This report has been developed to provide guidelines for riser and splash zone design, to perform a detailed overview of existing riser repair techniques and products, and to prepare comprehensive guidelines identifying the capabilities and limits of riser reinstatement systems.« less

Research on numerical simulation and protection of transient process in long-distance slurry transportation pipelines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lan, G.; Jiang, J.; Li, D. D.; Yi, W. S.; Zhao, Z.; Nie, L. N.

2013-12-01

The calculation of water-hammer pressure phenomenon of single-phase liquid is already more mature for a pipeline of uniform characteristics, but less research has addressed the calculation of slurry water hammer pressure in complex pipelines with slurry flows carrying solid particles. In this paper, based on the developments of slurry pipelines at home and abroad, the fundamental principle and method of numerical simulation of transient processes are presented, and several boundary conditions are given. Through the numerical simulation and analysis of transient processes of a practical engineering of long-distance slurry transportation pipeline system, effective protection measures and operating suggestions are presented. A model for calculating the water impact of solid and fluid phases is established based on a practical engineering of long-distance slurry pipeline transportation system. After performing a numerical simulation of the transient process, analyzing and comparing the results, effective protection measures and operating advice are recommended, which has guiding significance to the design and operating management of practical engineering of longdistance slurry pipeline transportation system.

Mathematical simulation for compensation capacities area of pipeline routes in ship systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ngo, G. V.; Sakhno, K. N.

2018-05-01

In this paper, the authors considered the problem of manufacturability’s enhancement of ship systems pipeline at the designing stage. The analysis of arrangements and possibilities for compensation of deviations for pipeline routes has been carried out. The task was set to produce the “fit pipe” together with the rest of the pipes in the route. It was proposed to compensate for deviations by movement of the pipeline route during pipe installation and to calculate maximum values of these displacements in the analyzed path. Theoretical bases of deviation compensation for pipeline routes using rotations of parallel section pairs of pipes are assembled. Mathematical and graphical simulations of compensation area capacities of pipeline routes with various configurations are completed. Prerequisites have been created for creating an automated program that will allow one to determine values of the compensatory capacities area for pipeline routes and to assign quantities of necessary allowances.

Leak detectability of the Norman Wells pipeline by mass balance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liou, J.C.P.

Pipeline leak detection using software-based systems is becoming common practice. The detectability of such systems is measured by how small and how quickly a leak can be detected. Algorithms used and measurement uncertainties determine leak detectability. This paper addresses leak detectability using mass balance, establishes leak detectability for Norman Wells pipelines, and compares it with field leak test results. The pipeline is operated by the Interprovincial Pipe Line (IPL) Inc., of Edmonton, Canada. It is a 12.75-inch outside diameter steel pipe with variable wall thickness. The length of the pipe is approximately 550 miles (868.9 km). The pipeline transports lightmore » crude oil at a constant flow rate of about 250 m{sup 3}/hr. The crude oil can enter the pipeline at two locations. Besides the Norman Wells inlet, there is a side line near Zama terminal that can inject crude oil into the pipeline.« less

Technological parameters of welding of branch saddles to polyethylene pipes at low temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Starostin, N. P.; Vasilieva, M. A.

2017-12-01

The present paper outlines a procedure for determination of dynamics of the temperature field during the welding of the branch saddle to the polyethylene gas pipeline at ambient temperatures below the normative. The analysis is accomplished by the finite element method with the heat of the phase transition taken into account. Methods of the visualization of data sets reveal the possibility of controlling the thermal process by preheating and thermal insulation during welding of the branch saddle to the pipe at low temperatures and the possibility of obtaining the dynamics of the temperature field at which a high-quality welded joint is formed.

Application of distributed optical fiber sensing technologies to the monitoring of leakage and abnormal disturbance of oil pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Xiaojun; Zhu, Xiaofei; Deng, Chi; Li, Junyi; Liu, Cheng; Yu, Wenpeng; Luo, Hui

2017-10-01

To improve the level of management and monitoring of leakage and abnormal disturbance of long distance oil pipeline, the distributed optical fiber temperature and vibration sensing system is employed to test the feasibility for the healthy monitoring of a domestic oil pipeline. The simulating leakage and abnormal disturbance affairs of oil pipeline are performed in the experiment. It is demonstrated that the leakage and abnormal disturbance affairs of oil pipeline can be monitored and located accurately with the distributed optical fiber sensing system, which exhibits good performance in the sensitivity, reliability, operation and maintenance etc., and shows good market application prospect.

Pipeline repair development in support of the Oman to India gas pipeline

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abadie, W.; Carlson, W.

1995-12-01

This paper provides a summary of development which has been conducted to date for the ultra deep, diverless pipeline repair system for the proposed Oman to India Gas Pipeline. The work has addressed critical development areas involving testing and/or prototype development of tools and procedures required to perform a diverless pipeline repair in water depths of up to 3,525 m.

Reusable cryogenic foam insulation for advanced aerospace vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcauliffe, Patrick S.; Taylor, Allan H.; Sparks, Larry L.; Dube, William P.

1991-01-01

Future high-speed aircraft and aerospace vehicles using cryogenic propellants will require an advanced reusable insulation system for the propellant tank structure. This cryogenic insulation system must be lightweight, structurally and thermally efficient, and capable of multiple reuse without cracking or degraded performance. This paper presents recent progress in the development of a reusable cryogenic foam insulation system having a maximum service temperature of 400 F. The system consists of preshaped, precut blocks of rigid polymethacrylimide foam insulation, wrapped with a high-temperature Kapton and aluminum foil vapor barrier which is adhesively bonded to the propellant tank wall.

Simulation of systems for shock wave/compression waves damping in technological plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sumskoi, S. I.; Sverchkov, A. M.; Lisanov, M. V.; Egorov, A. F.

2016-09-01

At work of pipeline systems, flow velocity decrease can take place in the pipeline as a result of the pumps stop, the valves shutdown. As a result, compression waves appear in the pipeline systems. These waves can propagate in the pipeline system, leading to its destruction. This phenomenon is called water hammer (water hammer flow). The most dangerous situations occur when the flow is stopped quickly. Such urgent flow cutoff often takes place in an emergency situation when liquid hydrocarbons are being loaded into sea tankers. To prevent environment pollution it is necessary to stop the hydrocarbon loading urgently. The flow in this case is cut off within few seconds. To prevent an increase in pressure in a pipeline system during water hammer flow, special protective systems (pressure relief systems) are installed. The approaches to systems of protection against water hammer (pressure relief systems) modeling are described in this paper. A model of certain pressure relief system is considered. It is shown that in case of an increase in the intensity of hydrocarbons loading at a sea tanker, presence of the pressure relief system allows to organize safe mode of loading.

Numerical research on the lateral global buckling characteristics of a high temperature and pressure pipeline with two initial imperfections

PubMed Central

Liu, Wenbin; Liu, Aimin

2018-01-01

With the exploitation of offshore oil and gas gradually moving to deep water, higher temperature differences and pressure differences are applied to the pipeline system, making the global buckling of the pipeline more serious. For unburied deep-water pipelines, the lateral buckling is the major buckling form. The initial imperfections widely exist in the pipeline system due to manufacture defects or the influence of uneven seabed, and the distribution and geometry features of initial imperfections are random. They can be divided into two kinds based on shape: single-arch imperfections and double-arch imperfections. This paper analyzed the global buckling process of a pipeline with 2 initial imperfections by using a numerical simulation method and revealed how the ratio of the initial imperfection’s space length to the imperfection’s wavelength and the combination of imperfections affects the buckling process. The results show that a pipeline with 2 initial imperfections may suffer the superposition of global buckling. The growth ratios of buckling displacement, axial force and bending moment in the superposition zone are several times larger than no buckling superposition pipeline. The ratio of the initial imperfection’s space length to the imperfection’s wavelength decides whether a pipeline suffers buckling superposition. The potential failure point of pipeline exhibiting buckling superposition is as same as the no buckling superposition pipeline, but the failure risk of pipeline exhibiting buckling superposition is much higher. The shape and direction of two nearby imperfections also affects the failure risk of pipeline exhibiting global buckling superposition. The failure risk of pipeline with two double-arch imperfections is higher than pipeline with two single-arch imperfections. PMID:29554123

75 FR 63462 - Central New York Oil and Gas Company, LLC; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-15

... pipeline infrastructure to receive natural gas produced from Marcellus Shale production areas for delivery to existing interstate pipeline systems of Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company (TGP), CNYOG, and Transcontinental Gas Pipeline Corporation (Transco). It would also provide for bi-directional transportation...

Insulation Requirements of High-Voltage Power Systems in Future Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Qureshi, A. Haq; Dayton, James A., Jr.

1995-01-01

The scope, size, and capability of the nation's space-based activities are limited by the level of electrical power available. Long-term projections show that there will be an increasing demand for electrical power in future spacecraft programs. The level of power that can be generated, conditioned, transmitted, and used will have to be considerably increased to satisfy these needs, and increased power levels will require that transmission voltages also be increased to minimize weight and resistive losses. At these projected voltages, power systems will not operate satisfactorily without the proper electrical insulation. Open or encapsulated power supplies are currently used to keep the volume and weight of space power systems low and to protect them from natural and induced environmental hazards. Circuits with open packaging are free to attain the pressure of the outer environment, whereas encapsulated circuits are imbedded in insulating materials, which are usually solids, but could be liquids or gases. Up to now, solid insulation has usually been chosen for space power systems. If the use of solid insulation is continued, when voltages increase, the amount of insulation for encapsulation also will have to increase. This increased insulation will increase weight and reduce system reliability. Therefore, non-solid insulation media must be examined to satisfy future spacecraft power and voltage demands. In this report, we assess the suitability of liquid, space vacuum, and gas insulation for space power systems.

Reusable, extensible, and modifiable R scripts and Kepler workflows for comprehensive single set ChIP-seq analysis.

PubMed

Cormier, Nathan; Kolisnik, Tyler; Bieda, Mark

2016-07-05

There has been an enormous expansion of use of chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) technologies. Analysis of large-scale ChIP-seq datasets involves a complex series of steps and production of several specialized graphical outputs. A number of systems have emphasized custom development of ChIP-seq pipelines. These systems are primarily based on custom programming of a single, complex pipeline or supply libraries of modules and do not produce the full range of outputs commonly produced for ChIP-seq datasets. It is desirable to have more comprehensive pipelines, in particular ones addressing common metadata tasks, such as pathway analysis, and pipelines producing standard complex graphical outputs. It is advantageous if these are highly modular systems, available as both turnkey pipelines and individual modules, that are easily comprehensible, modifiable and extensible to allow rapid alteration in response to new analysis developments in this growing area. Furthermore, it is advantageous if these pipelines allow data provenance tracking. We present a set of 20 ChIP-seq analysis software modules implemented in the Kepler workflow system; most (18/20) were also implemented as standalone, fully functional R scripts. The set consists of four full turnkey pipelines and 16 component modules. The turnkey pipelines in Kepler allow data provenance tracking. Implementation emphasized use of common R packages and widely-used external tools (e.g., MACS for peak finding), along with custom programming. This software presents comprehensive solutions and easily repurposed code blocks for ChIP-seq analysis and pipeline creation. Tasks include mapping raw reads, peakfinding via MACS, summary statistics, peak location statistics, summary plots centered on the transcription start site (TSS), gene ontology, pathway analysis, and de novo motif finding, among others. These pipelines range from those performing a single task to those performing full analyses of ChIP-seq data. The pipelines are supplied as both Kepler workflows, which allow data provenance tracking, and, in the majority of cases, as standalone R scripts. These pipelines are designed for ease of modification and repurposing.

Self-Healing Wire Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parrish, Clyde F. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

A self-healing system for an insulation material initiates a self-repair process by rupturing a plurality of microcapsules disposed on the insulation material. When the plurality of microcapsules are ruptured, reactants within the plurality of microcapsules react to form a replacement polymer in a break of the insulation material. This self-healing system has the ability to repair multiple breaks in a length of insulation material without exhausting the repair properties of the material.

Analysis of the Influence of Construction Insulation Systems on Public Safety in China

PubMed Central

Zhang, Guowei; Zhu, Guoqing; Zhao, Guoxiang

2016-01-01

With the Government of China’s proposed Energy Efficiency Regulations (GB40411-2007), the implementation of external insulation systems will be mandatory in China. The frequent external insulation system fires cause huge numbers of casualties and extensive property damage and have rapidly become a new hot issue in construction evacuation safety in China. This study attempts to reconstruct an actual fire scene and propose a quantitative risk assessment method for upward insulation system fires using thermal analysis tests and large eddy simulations (using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software). Firstly, the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of Extruded polystyrene board (XPS panel), such as ignition temperature, combustion heat, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and thermal radiation analysis were studied experimentally. Based on these experimental data, large eddy simulation was then applied to reconstruct insulation system fires. The results show that upward insulation system fires could be accurately reconstructed by using thermal analysis test and large eddy simulation. The spread of insulation material system fires in the vertical direction is faster than that in the horizontal direction. Moreover, we also find that there is a possibility of flashover in enclosures caused by insulation system fires as the smoke temperature exceeds 600 °C. The simulation methods and experimental results obtained in this paper could provide valuable references for fire evacuation, hazard assessment and fire resistant construction design studies. PMID:27589774

Analysis of the Influence of Construction Insulation Systems on Public Safety in China.

PubMed

Zhang, Guowei; Zhu, Guoqing; Zhao, Guoxiang

2016-08-30

With the Government of China's proposed Energy Efficiency Regulations (GB40411-2007), the implementation of external insulation systems will be mandatory in China. The frequent external insulation system fires cause huge numbers of casualties and extensive property damage and have rapidly become a new hot issue in construction evacuation safety in China. This study attempts to reconstruct an actual fire scene and propose a quantitative risk assessment method for upward insulation system fires using thermal analysis tests and large eddy simulations (using the Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS) software). Firstly, the pyrolysis and combustion characteristics of Extruded polystyrene board (XPS panel), such as ignition temperature, combustion heat, limiting oxygen index, thermogravimetric analysis and thermal radiation analysis were studied experimentally. Based on these experimental data, large eddy simulation was then applied to reconstruct insulation system fires. The results show that upward insulation system fires could be accurately reconstructed by using thermal analysis test and large eddy simulation. The spread of insulation material system fires in the vertical direction is faster than that in the horizontal direction. Moreover, we also find that there is a possibility of flashover in enclosures caused by insulation system fires as the smoke temperature exceeds 600 °C. The simulation methods and experimental results obtained in this paper could provide valuable references for fire evacuation, hazard assessment and fire resistant construction design studies.

Expansion of the U.S. Natural Gas Pipeline Network

EIA Publications

2009-01-01

Additions in 2008 and Projects through 2011. This report examines new natural gas pipeline capacity added to the U.S. natural gas pipeline system during 2008. In addition, it discusses and analyzes proposed natural gas pipeline projects that may be developed between 2009 and 2011, and the market factors supporting these initiatives.

Deliverability on the interstate natural gas pipeline system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1998-05-01

Deliverability on the Interstate Natural Gas Pipeline System examines the capability of the national pipeline grid to transport natural gas to various US markets. The report quantifies the capacity levels and utilization rates of major interstate pipeline companies in 1996 and the changes since 1990, as well as changes in markets and end-use consumption patterns. It also discusses the effects of proposed capacity expansions on capacity levels. The report consists of five chapters, several appendices, and a glossary. Chapter 1 discusses some of the operational and regulatory features of the US interstate pipeline system and how they affect overall systemmore » design, system utilization, and capacity expansions. Chapter 2 looks at how the exploration, development, and production of natural gas within North America is linked to the national pipeline grid. Chapter 3 examines the capability of the interstate natural gas pipeline network to link production areas to market areas, on the basis of capacity and usage levels along 10 corridors. The chapter also examines capacity expansions that have occurred since 1990 along each corridor and the potential impact of proposed new capacity. Chapter 4 discusses the last step in the transportation chain, that is, deliverability to the ultimate end user. Flow patterns into and out of each market region are discussed, as well as the movement of natural gas between States in each region. Chapter 5 examines how shippers reserve interstate pipeline capacity in the current transportation marketplace and how pipeline companies are handling the secondary market for short-term unused capacity. Four appendices provide supporting data and additional detail on the methodology used to estimate capacity. 32 figs., 15 tabs.« less

Thermal Performance Testing of Order Dependancy of Aerogels Multilayered Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Wesley L.; Fesmire, James E.; Demko, J. A.

2009-01-01

Robust multilayer insulation systems have long been a goal of many research projects. Such insulation systems must provide some degree of structural support and also mechanical integrity during loss of vacuum scenarios while continuing to provide insulative value to the vessel. Aerogel composite blankets can be the best insulation materials in ambient pressure environments; in high vacuum, the thermal performance of aerogel improves by about one order of magnitude. Standard multilayer insulation (MU) is typically 50% worse at ambient pressure and at soft vacuum, but as much as two or three orders of magnitude better at high vacuum. Different combinations of aerogel and multilayer insulation systems have been tested at Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center. Analysis performed at Oak Ridge National Laboratory showed an importance to the relative location of the MU and aerogel blankets. Apparent thermal conductivity testing under cryogenic-vacuum conditions was performed to verify the analytical conclusion. Tests results are shown to be in agreement with the analysis which indicated that the best performance is obtained with aerogel layers located in the middle of the blanket insulation system.

Process for Self-Repair of Insulation Material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parrish, Clyde F. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A self-healing system for an insulation material initiates a self-repair process by rupturing a plurality of microcapsules disposed on the insulation material. When the plurality of microcapsules are ruptured reactants witlun the plurality of microcapsules react to form a replacement polymer in a break of the insulation material. This self-healing system has the ability to repair multiple breaks in a length of insulation material without exhausting the repair properties of the material.

Process for self-repair of insulation material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parrish, Clyde F. (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A self-healing system for an insulation material initiates a self-repair process by rupturing a plurality of microcapsules disposed on the insulation material. When the plurality of microcapsules are ruptured reactants within the plurality of microcapsules react to form a replacement polymer in a break of the insulation material. This self-healing system has the ability to repair multiple breaks in a length of insulation material without exhausting the repair properties of the material.

Comparison of reusable insulation systems for cryogenically-tanked earth-based space vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sumner, I. E.; Barber, J. R.

1978-01-01

Three reusable insulation systems concepts have been developed for use with cryogenic tanks of earth-based space vehicles. Two concepts utilized double-goldized Kapton (DGK) or double-aluminized Mylar (DAM) multilayer insulation (MLI), while the third utilized a hollow-glass-microsphere, load-bearing insulation (LBI). All three insulation systems have recently undergone experimental testing and evaluation under NASA-sponsored programs. Thermal performance measurements were made under space-hold (vacuum) conditions for insulation warm boundary temperatures of approximately 291 K. The resulting effective thermal conductivity was approximately .00008 W/m-K for the MLI systems (liquid hydrogen test results) and .00054 W/m-K for the LBI system (liquid nitrogen test results corrected to liquid hydrogen temperature). The DGK MLI system experienced a maximum thermal degradation of 38 percent, the DAM MLI system 14 percent, and the LBI system 6.7 percent due to repeated thermal cycling representing typical space flight conditions. Repeated exposure of the DAM MLI system to a high humidity environment for periods as long as 8 weeks provided a maximum degradation of only 24 percent.

Silicon carbide sewing thread

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sawko, Paul M. (Inventor)

1995-01-01

Composite flexible multilayer insulation systems (MLI) were evaluated for thermal performance and compared with currently used fibrous silica (baseline) insulation system. The systems described are multilayer insulations consisting of alternating layers of metal foil and scrim ceramic cloth or vacuum metallized polymeric films quilted together using ceramic thread. A silicon carbide thread for use in the quilting and the method of making it are also described. These systems provide lightweight thermal insulation for a variety of uses, particularly on the surface of aerospace vehicles subject to very high temperatures during flight.

A Concept for the One Degree Imager (ODI) Data Reduction Pipeline and Archiving System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knezek, Patricia; Stobie, B.; Michael, S.; Valdes, F.; Marru, S.; Henschel, R.; Pierce, M.

2010-05-01

The One Degree Imager (ODI), currently being built by the WIYN Observatory, will provide tremendous possibilities for conducting diverse scientific programs. ODI will be a complex instrument, using non-conventional Orthogonal Transfer Array (OTA) detectors. Due to its large field of view, small pixel size, use of OTA technology, and expected frequent use, ODI will produce vast amounts of astronomical data. If ODI is to achieve its full potential, a data reduction pipeline must be developed. Long-term archiving must also be incorporated into the pipeline system to ensure the continued value of ODI data. This paper presents a concept for an ODI data reduction pipeline and archiving system. To limit costs and development time, our plan leverages existing software and hardware, including existing pipeline software, Science Gateways, Computational Grid & Cloud Technology, Indiana University's Data Capacitor and Massive Data Storage System, and TeraGrid compute resources. Existing pipeline software will be augmented to add functionality required to meet challenges specific to ODI, enhance end-user control, and enable the execution of the pipeline on grid resources including national grid resources such as the TeraGrid and Open Science Grid. The planned system offers consistent standard reductions and end-user flexibility when working with images beyond the initial instrument signature removal. It also gives end-users access to computational and storage resources far beyond what are typically available at most institutions. Overall, the proposed system provides a wide array of software tools and the necessary hardware resources to use them effectively.

Seismic fragility formulations for segmented buried pipeline systems including the impact of differential ground subsidence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pineda Porras, Omar Andrey; Ordaz, Mario

2009-01-01

Though Differential Ground Subsidence (DGS) impacts the seismic response of segmented buried pipelines augmenting their vulnerability, fragility formulations to estimate repair rates under such condition are not available in the literature. Physical models to estimate pipeline seismic damage considering other cases of permanent ground subsidence (e.g. faulting, tectonic uplift, liquefaction, and landslides) have been extensively reported, not being the case of DGS. The refinement of the study of two important phenomena in Mexico City - the 1985 Michoacan earthquake scenario and the sinking of the city due to ground subsidence - has contributed to the analysis of the interrelation ofmore » pipeline damage, ground motion intensity, and DGS; from the analysis of the 48-inch pipeline network of the Mexico City's Water System, fragility formulations for segmented buried pipeline systems for two DGS levels are proposed. The novel parameter PGV{sup 2}/PGA, being PGV peak ground velocity and PGA peak ground acceleration, has been used as seismic parameter in these formulations, since it has shown better correlation to pipeline damage than PGV alone according to previous studies. By comparing the proposed fragilities, it is concluded that a change in the DGS level (from Low-Medium to High) could increase the pipeline repair rates (number of repairs per kilometer) by factors ranging from 1.3 to 2.0; being the higher the seismic intensity the lower the factor.« less

Cryogenic Insulation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Randall C. (Inventor); Taylor, Allan H. (Inventor); Jackson, L. Robert (Inventor); Mcauliffe, Patrick S. (Inventor)

1988-01-01

This invention relates to reusable, low density, high temperature cryogenic foam insulation systems and the process for their manufacture. A pacing technology for liquid hydrogen fueled, high speed aircraft is the development of a fully reusable, flight weight cryogenic insulation system for propellant tank structures. In the invention cryogenic foam insulation is adhesively bonded to the outer wall of the fuel tank structure. The cryogenic insulation consists of square sheets fabricated from an array of abutting square blocks. Each block consists of a sheet of glass cloth adhesively bonded between two layers of polymethacrylimide foam. Each block is wrapped in a vapor impermeable membrane, such as Kapton(R) aluminum Kapton(R), to provide a vapor barrier. Very beneficial results can be obtained by employing the present invention in conjunction with fibrous insulation and an outer aeroshell, a hot fuselage structure with an internal thermal protection system.

Investigation of potential waste material insulating properties at different temperature for thermal storage application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, T. Z. S.; Rosli, A. B.; Gan, L. M.; Billy, A. S.; Farid, Z.

2013-12-01

Thermal energy storage system (TES) is developed to extend the operation of power generation. TES system is a key component in a solar energy power generation plant, but the main issue in designing the TES system is its thermal capacity of storage materials, e.g. insulator. This study is focusing on the potential waste material acts as an insulator for thermal energy storage applications. As the insulator is used to absorb heat, it is needed to find suitable material for energy conversion and at the same time reduce the waste generation. Thus, a small-scale experimental testing of natural cooling process of an insulated tank within a confined room is conducted. The experiment is repeated by changing the insulator from the potential waste material and also by changing the heat transfer fluid (HTF). The analysis presented the relationship between heat loss and the reserved period by the insulator. The results show the percentage of period of the insulated tank withstands compared to tank insulated by foam, e.g. newspaper reserved the period of 84.6% as much as foam insulated tank to withstand the heat transfer of cooking oil to the surrounding. The paper finally justifies the most potential waste material as an insulator for different temperature range of heat transfer fluid.

Public-health assessment for Westinghouse (Sunnyvale Plant), Sunnyvale, Santa Clara County, California, Region 9, CERCLIS No. CAD001864081. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-09-28

Located in Sunnyvale, California, the Westinghouse Electric Corporation Sunnyvale Plant is an active manufacturing facility currently manufacturing steam generators, marine propulsion systems, and missle launching systems for the Department of Defense. Between the mid-1950's and 1964, Westinghouse manufactured and tested electrical transformers in a building located at the southeastern part of the site near a water reservoir tank. The transformers contained mineral oil and Inerteen, which consisted principally of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and trichlorobenzene (TCB), as thermal insulating fluids. Handling and storage of Inerteen primarily led to soil and shallow groundwater contamination. In 1984 and 1985, Westinghouse removed contaminated soilsmore » along fencelines and railroad spurs. The remaining contamination exists principally in the southeastern part of the site near a water reservoir tank where the Inerteen storage tank and the associated pipelines were located. Based on information reviewed, the Agency for Toxic Substances Disease Registry (ATSDR) and the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) consider this site to be a public health hazard due to the past exposure to PCBs that nearby residences and on-site workers may have experienced.« less

Slab edge insulating form system and methods

DOEpatents

Lee, Brain E [Corral de Tierra, CA; Barsun, Stephan K [Davis, CA; Bourne, Richard C [Davis, CA; Hoeschele, Marc A [Davis, CA; Springer, David A [Winters, CA

2009-10-06

A method of forming an insulated concrete foundation is provided comprising constructing a foundation frame, the frame comprising an insulating form having an opening, inserting a pocket former into the opening; placing concrete inside the foundation frame; and removing the pocket former after the placed concrete has set, wherein the concrete forms a pocket in the placed concrete that is accessible through the opening. The method may further comprise sealing the opening by placing a sealing plug or sealing material in the opening. A system for forming an insulated concrete foundation is provided comprising a plurality of interconnected insulating forms, the insulating forms having a rigid outer member protecting and encasing an insulating material, and at least one gripping lip extending outwardly from the outer member to provide a pest barrier. At least one insulating form has an opening into which a removable pocket former is inserted. The system may also provide a tension anchor positioned in the pocket former and a tendon connected to the tension anchor.

Underground pipeline laying using the pipe-in-pipe system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antropova, N.; Krets, V.; Pavlov, M.

2016-09-01

The problems of resource saving and environmental safety during the installation and operation of the underwater crossings are always relevant. The paper describes the existing methods of trenchless pipeline technology, the structure of multi-channel pipelines, the types of supporting and guiding systems. The rational design is suggested for the pipe-in-pipe system. The finite element model is presented for the most dangerous sections of the inner pipes, the optimum distance is detected between the roller supports.

1. FIRST SECTION OF PIPELINE BETWEEN CONFLUENCE POOL AND FISH ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. FIRST SECTION OF PIPELINE BETWEEN CONFLUENCE POOL AND FISH SCREEN. NOTE RETAINING WALL BESIDE PIPE. VIEW TO NORTH-NORTHEAST. - Santa Ana River Hydroelectric System, Pipeline to Fish Screen, Redlands, San Bernardino County, CA

Modeling flows of heterogeneous media in pipelines when substantiating operating conditions of hydrocarbon field transportation systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dudin, S. M.; Novitskiy, D. V.

2018-05-01

The works of researchers at VNIIgaz, Giprovostokneft, Kuibyshev NIINP, Grozny Petroleum Institute, etc., are devoted to modeling heterogeneous medium flows in pipelines under laboratory conditions. In objective consideration, the empirical relationships obtained and the calculation procedures for pipelines transporting multiphase products are a bank of experimental data on the problem of pipeline transportation of multiphase systems. Based on the analysis of the published works, the main design requirements for experimental installations designed to study the flow regimes of gas-liquid flows in pipelines were formulated, which were taken into account by the authors when creating the experimental stand. The article describes the results of experimental studies of the flow regimes of a gas-liquid mixture in a pipeline, and also gives a methodological description of the experimental installation. Also the article describes the software of the experimental scientific and educational stand developed with the participation of the authors.

Mathematical modeling of non-stationary gas flow in gas pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fetisov, V. G.; Nikolaev, A. K.; Lykov, Y. V.; Duchnevich, L. N.

2018-03-01

An analysis of the operation of the gas transportation system shows that for a considerable part of time pipelines operate in an unsettled regime of gas movement. Its pressure and flow rate vary along the length of pipeline and over time as a result of uneven consumption and selection, switching on and off compressor units, shutting off stop valves, emergence of emergency leaks. The operational management of such regimes is associated with difficulty of reconciling the operating modes of individual sections of gas pipeline with each other, as well as with compressor stations. Determining the grounds that cause change in the operating mode of the pipeline system and revealing patterns of these changes determine the choice of its parameters. Therefore, knowledge of the laws of changing the main technological parameters of gas pumping through pipelines in conditions of non-stationary motion is of great importance for practice.

A test and instrumentation system for the investigation of degradation of electrical insulating materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The basic test methods of aging and deterioration mechanisms of electrical insulating materials are discussed. A comprehensive test system developed to study the degradation process is described. This system is completely checked, and calibrated with a few insulating material samples.

A Pipeline for 3D Digital Optical Phenotyping Plant Root System Architecture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, T. W.; Shaw, N. M.; Schneider, D. J.; Shaff, J. E.; Larson, B. G.; Craft, E. J.; Liu, Z.; Kochian, L. V.; Piñeros, M. A.

2017-12-01

This work presents a new pipeline for digital optical phenotyping the root system architecture of agricultural crops. The pipeline begins with a 3D root-system imaging apparatus for hydroponically grown crop lines of interest. The apparatus acts as a self-containing dark room, which includes an imaging tank, motorized rotating bearing and digital camera. The pipeline continues with the Plant Root Imaging and Data Acquisition (PRIDA) software, which is responsible for image capturing and storage. Once root images have been captured, image post-processing is performed using the Plant Root Imaging Analysis (PRIA) command-line tool, which extracts root pixels from color images. Following the pre-processing binarization of digital root images, 3D trait characterization is performed using the next-generation RootReader3D software. RootReader3D measures global root system architecture traits, such as total root system volume and length, total number of roots, and maximum rooting depth and width. While designed to work together, the four stages of the phenotyping pipeline are modular and stand-alone, which provides flexibility and adaptability for various research endeavors.

Study on the flow in the pipelines of the support system of circulating fluidized bed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, L.; Yang, J.; Zhou, L. J.; Wang, Z. W.; Zhuang, X. H.

2013-12-01

In the support system of Circulating Fluidized Bed (Below referred to as CFB) of thermal power plant, the pipelines of primary wind are used for transporting the cold air to the boiler, which is important in controlling and combustion effect. The pipeline design will greatly affect the energy loss of the system, and accordingly affect the thermal power plant economic benefits and production environment. Three-dimensional numerical simulation is carried out for the pipeline internal flow field of a thermal power plant in this paper. Firstly three turbulence models were compared and the results showed that the SST k-ω model converged better and the energy losses predicted were closer to the experimental results. The influence of the pipeline design form on the flow characteristics are analysed, then the optimization designs of the pipeline are proposed according to the energy loss distribution of the flow field, in order to reduce energy loss and improve the efficiency of tunnel. The optimization plan turned out to be efficacious; about 36% of the pressure loss is reduced.

Insulation Progress since the Mid-1950s

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timmerhaus, K. D.

Storage vessel and cryostat design for modern cryogenic systems has become rather routine as the result of the wide use of and application of cryogenic fluids. Such vessels for these fluids range in size from 1 L flasks used in the laboratory for liquid nitrogen to the more than 200,000 m3 double-walled tanks used for temporary storage of liquefied natural gas before being transported overseas to their final destination. These storage vessels for cryogenic fluids range in type from low-performance containers insulated with rigid foam or fibrous insulation to high-performance containers insulated with evacuated multilayer insulations. The overriding factors in the type of container selected normally are of economics and safety. This paper will consider various insulation concepts used in such cryogenic storage systems and will review the progress that has been made over the past 50 years in these insulation systems.

Systems and Methods for Providing Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Golden, Johnny L. (Inventor)

2015-01-01

Systems and methods provide a multi-layer insulation (MLI) that includes a plurality of sealed metalized volumes in a stacked arrangement, wherein the plurality of sealed metalized volumes encapsulate a gas therein, with the gas having one of a thermal insulating property, an acoustic insulating property, or a combination insulating property thereof. The MLI also includes at least one spacer between adjacent sealed metalized volumes of the plurality of sealed metalized volumes and a protective cover surrounding the plurality of sealed metalized volumes.

A field investigation on the effects of background erosion on the free span development of a submarine pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Shipeng; Xu, Jishang; Hu, Guanghai; Dong, Ping; Shen, Hong

2015-08-01

The safety of submarine pipelines is largely influenced by free spans and corrosions. Previous studies on free spans caused by seabed scours are mainly based on the stable environment, where the background seabed scour is in equilibrium and the soil is homogeneous. To study the effects of background erosion on the free span development of subsea pipelines, a submarine pipeline located at the abandoned Yellow River subaqueous delta lobe was investigated with an integrated surveying system which included a Multibeam bathymetric system, a dual-frequency side-scan sonar, a high resolution sub-bottom profiler, and a Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) sensor. We found that seabed homogeneity has a great influence on the free span development of the pipeline. More specifically, for homogeneous background scours, the morphology of scour hole below the pipeline is quite similar to that without the background scour, whereas for inhomogeneous background scour, the nature of spanning is mainly dependent on the evolution of seabed morphology near the pipeline. Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) detection results also reveal the possible connection between long free spans and accelerated corrosion of the pipeline.

78 FR 50077 - Intent To Request Renewal From OMB of One Current Public Collection of Information: Pipeline...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... maps, security plans, etc.); and Actual or suspected cyber-attacks that could impact pipeline... suspected attacks on pipeline systems, facilities, or assets; Bomb threats or weapons of mass destruction...

49 CFR 193.2019 - Mobile and temporary LNG facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 193.2019 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY... during gas pipeline systems repair/alteration, or for other short term applications need not meet the...

49 CFR 193.2513 - Transfer procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES... transfer position; and (7) Verify that transfers into a pipeline system will not exceed the pressure or...

An Experimental Study of Filmwise Condensation on Horizontal Enhanced Condenser Tubing.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

with a 51 mm thick sheet of Johns - Manville Aerotube insulation. 22 D. CONDENSATE AND FEEDWATER SYSTEMS The condensate and feedwater systems are shown...desuperheater. The condensate and feedwater lines are insulated with 25.4 mm thick Johns - Manville Aerotube insulation. E. COOLING WATER SYSTEM The cooling

Magnetic pipeline for coal and oil

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Knolle, E.

1998-07-01

A 1994 analysis of the recorded costs of the Alaska oil pipeline, in a paper entitled Maglev Crude Oil Pipeline, (NASA CP-3247 pp. 671--684) concluded that, had the Knolle Magnetrans pipeline technology been available and used, some $10 million per day in transportation costs could have been saved over the 20 years of the Alaska oil pipeline's existence. This over 800 mile long pipeline requires about 500 horsepower per mile in pumping power, which together with the cost of the pipeline's capital investment consumes about one-third of the energy value of the pumped oil. This does not include the costmore » of getting the oil out of the ground. The reason maglev technology performs superior to conventional pipelines is because by magnetically levitating the oil into contact-free suspense, there is no drag-causing adhesion. In addition, by using permanent magnets in repulsion, suspension is achieved without using energy. Also, the pumped oil's adhesion to the inside of pipes limits its speed. In the case of the Alaska pipeline the speed is limited to about 7 miles per hour, which, with its 48-inch pipe diameter and 1200 psi pressure, pumps about 2 million barrels per day. The maglev system, as developed by Knolle Magnetrans, would transport oil in magnetically suspended sealed containers and, thus free of adhesion, at speeds 10 to 20 times faster. Furthermore, the diameter of the levitated containers can be made smaller with the same capacity, which makes the construction of the maglev system light and inexpensive. There are similar advantages when using maglev technology to transport coal. Also, a maglev system has advantages over railroads in mountainous regions where coal is primarily mined. A maglev pipeline can travel, all-year and all weather, in a straight line to the end-user, whereas railroads have difficult circuitous routes. In contrast, a maglev pipeline can climb over steep hills without much difficulty.« less

Comparative coal transportation costs: an economic and engineering analysis of truck, belt, rail, barge and coal slurry and pneumatic pipelines. Volume 3. Coal slurry pipelines. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rieber, M.; Soo, S.L.

1977-08-01

A coal slurry pipeline system requires that the coal go through a number of processing stages before it is used by the power plant. Once mined, the coal is delivered to a preparation plant where it is pulverized to sizes between 18 and 325 mesh and then suspended in about an equal weight of water. This 50-50 slurry mixture has a consistency approximating toothpaste. It is pushed through the pipeline via electric pumping stations 70 to 100 miles apart. Flow velocity through the line must be maintained within a narrow range. For example, if a 3.5 mph design is usedmore » at 5 mph, the system must be able to withstand double the horsepower, peak pressure, and wear. Minimum flowrate must be maintained to avoid particle settling and plugging. However, in general, once a pipeline system has been designed, because of economic considerations on the one hand and design limits on the other, flowrate is rather inflexible. Pipelines that have a slowly moving throughput and a water carrier may be subject to freezing in northern areas during periods of severe cold. One of the problems associated with slurry pipeline analyses is the lack of operating experience.« less

A quantitative non-destructive residual stress assessment tool for pipelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

G2MT successfully demonstrated the eStress system, a powerful new nondestructive evaluation : system for analyzing through-thickness residual stresses in mechanical damaged areas of steel : pipelines. The eStress system is designed to help pipe...

New Yumurtalik to Kirikkale crude-oil pipeline would boost Turkish industrial area

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simonnet, G.

1982-12-13

Plans for a crude oil pipeline linking the 101 cm (40 in.) Iraq to Turkey pipeline terminal located in Yumurtalik to the site of a future refinery to be situated near Ankara are described. Designed for fully unattended operation, the ''brain'' of the system will be a telecom/telecontrol telemetry system. Support for data information exchanged between the master and local outstations will be a microwave radio carrier system, also permitting the transfer of telephone and telegraph traffic as well as facsimiles.

Development of the updated system of city underground pipelines based on Visual Studio

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jianxiong; Zhu, Yun; Li, Xiangdong

2009-10-01

Our city has owned the integrated pipeline network management system with ArcGIS Engine 9.1 as the bottom development platform and with Oracle9i as basic database for storaging data. In this system, ArcGIS SDE9.1 is applied as the spatial data engine, and the system was a synthetic management software developed with Visual Studio visualization procedures development tools. As the pipeline update function of the system has the phenomenon of slower update and even sometimes the data lost, to ensure the underground pipeline data can real-time be updated conveniently and frequently, and the actuality and integrity of the underground pipeline data, we have increased a new update module in the system developed and researched by ourselves. The module has the powerful data update function, and can realize the function of inputting and outputting and rapid update volume of data. The new developed module adopts Visual Studio visualization procedures development tools, and uses access as the basic database to storage data. We can edit the graphics in AutoCAD software, and realize the database update using link between the graphics and the system. Practice shows that the update module has good compatibility with the original system, reliable and high update efficient of the database.

Risk Analysis using Corrosion Rate Parameter on Gas Transmission Pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sasikirono, B.; Kim, S. J.; Haryadi, G. D.; Huda, A.

2017-05-01

In the oil and gas industry, the pipeline is a major component in the transmission and distribution process of oil and gas. Oil and gas distribution process sometimes performed past the pipeline across the various types of environmental conditions. Therefore, in the transmission and distribution process of oil and gas, a pipeline should operate safely so that it does not harm the surrounding environment. Corrosion is still a major cause of failure in some components of the equipment in a production facility. In pipeline systems, corrosion can cause failures in the wall and damage to the pipeline. Therefore it takes care and periodic inspections or checks on the pipeline system. Every production facility in an industry has a level of risk for damage which is a result of the opportunities and consequences of damage caused. The purpose of this research is to analyze the level of risk of 20-inch Natural Gas Transmission Pipeline using Risk-based inspection semi-quantitative based on API 581 associated with the likelihood of failure and the consequences of the failure of a component of the equipment. Then the result is used to determine the next inspection plans. Nine pipeline components were observed, such as a straight pipes inlet, connection tee, and straight pipes outlet. The risk assessment level of the nine pipeline’s components is presented in a risk matrix. The risk level of components is examined at medium risk levels. The failure mechanism that is used in this research is the mechanism of thinning. Based on the results of corrosion rate calculation, remaining pipeline components age can be obtained, so the remaining lifetime of pipeline components are known. The calculation of remaining lifetime obtained and the results vary for each component. Next step is planning the inspection of pipeline components by NDT external methods.

16 CFR 1505.8 - Maximum acceptable material temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... heat-resistant properties, or if the insulation meets the thermal requirements. 4 40 less than melting... 105 insulation on windings or relays, solenoids, etc.: Thermocouple method 2 90 194 Resistance method 110 230 Class 130 insulation system 110 230 Insulation: Varnished-cloth insulation 85 185 Fiber used...

16 CFR 1505.8 - Maximum acceptable material temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... heat-resistant properties, or if the insulation meets the thermal requirements. 4 40 less than melting... 105 insulation on windings or relays, solenoids, etc.: Thermocouple method 2 90 194 Resistance method 110 230 Class 130 insulation system 110 230 Insulation: Varnished-cloth insulation 85 185 Fiber used...

16 CFR 1505.8 - Maximum acceptable material temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... heat-resistant properties, or if the insulation meets the thermal requirements. 4 40 less than melting... 105 insulation on windings or relays, solenoids, etc.: Thermocouple method 2 90 194 Resistance method 110 230 Class 130 insulation system 110 230 Insulation: Varnished-cloth insulation 85 185 Fiber used...

16 CFR 1505.8 - Maximum acceptable material temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... heat-resistant properties, or if the insulation meets the thermal requirements. 4 40 less than melting... 105 insulation on windings or relays, solenoids, etc.: Thermocouple method 2 90 194 Resistance method 110 230 Class 130 insulation system 110 230 Insulation: Varnished-cloth insulation 85 185 Fiber used...

Hybrid Laser/GMAW of High Strength Steel Gas Transmission Pipelines

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-07-01

Pipelines will be an integral part of our energy distribution systems for the foreseeable future. Operators are currently considering the installation of tens of billions of dollars of pipeline infrastructure. In a number of cases, the cost of export...

Internal insulation system development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gille, J. P.

1973-01-01

The development of an internal insulation system for cryogenic liquids is described. The insulation system is based on a gas layer concept in which capillary or surface tension effects are used to maintain a stable gas layer within a cellular core structure between the tank wall and the contained cryogen. In this work, a 1.8 meter diameter tank was insulated and tested with liquid hydrogen. Ability to withstand cycling of the aluminum tank wall to 450 K was a design and test condition.

Investigation of Tri-Service Heat Distribution Systems (Modernization of Existing Underground Heat Distribution Systems).

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

carrier pipe is usually insulated with preformed calcium silicate or mineral wool insulation. The preformed insula- tion is secured with stainless steel...glass or mineral wool insula- tion. Each tile is installed in this manner. Repair is difficult, but can be done by local workers with readily available...corrosion S Site I and return lines in of condensate line ( mineral wool insulation). 2. Ft. Campbell, 12 Tile system B No insulation was installed on

Aerial image databases for pipeline rights-of-way management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jadkowski, Mark A.

1996-03-01

Pipeline companies that own and manage extensive rights-of-way corridors are faced with ever-increasing regulatory pressures, operating issues, and the need to remain competitive in today's marketplace. Automation has long been an answer to the problem of having to do more work with less people, and Automated Mapping/Facilities Management/Geographic Information Systems (AM/FM/GIS) solutions have been implemented at several pipeline companies. Until recently, the ability to cost-effectively acquire and incorporate up-to-date aerial imagery into these computerized systems has been out of the reach of most users. NASA's Earth Observations Commercial Applications Program (EOCAP) is providing a means by which pipeline companies can bridge this gap. The EOCAP project described in this paper includes a unique partnership with NASA and James W. Sewall Company to develop an aircraft-mounted digital camera system and a ground-based computer system to geometrically correct and efficiently store and handle the digital aerial images in an AM/FM/GIS environment. This paper provides a synopsis of the project, including details on (1) the need for aerial imagery, (2) NASA's interest and role in the project, (3) the design of a Digital Aerial Rights-of-Way Monitoring System, (4) image georeferencing strategies for pipeline applications, and (5) commercialization of the EOCAP technology through a prototype project at Algonquin Gas Transmission Company which operates major gas pipelines in New England, New York, and New Jersey.

Blending Hydrogen into Natural Gas Pipeline Networks. A Review of Key Issues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Melaina, M. W.; Antonia, O.; Penev, M.

2013-03-01

This study assesses the potential to deliver hydrogen through the existing natural gas pipeline network as a hydrogen and natural gas mixture to defray the cost of building dedicated hydrogen pipelines. Blending hydrogen into the existing natural gas pipeline network has also been proposed as a means of increasing the output of renewable energy systems such as large wind farms.

77 FR 11520 - Commission Information Collection Activities; Comment Request; Extension

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-27

..., Gas Pipeline Certificates: Annual Reports of System Flow Diagrams and System Capacity. DATES: Comments... Certificates: Annual Reports of System Flow Diagrams and System Capacity. OMB Control No.: 1902-0005. Type of... June 1 of each year, diagrams reflecting operating conditions on the pipeline's main transmission...

16 CFR § 1505.8 - Maximum acceptable material temperatures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... heat-resistant properties, or if the insulation meets the thermal requirements. 4 40 less than melting... 105 insulation on windings or relays, solenoids, etc.: Thermocouple method 2 90 194 Resistance method 110 230 Class 130 insulation system 110 230 Insulation: Varnished-cloth insulation 85 185 Fiber used...

Internally insulated thermal storage system development program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scott, O. L.

1980-01-01

A cost effective thermal storage system for a solar central receiver power system using molten salt stored in internally insulated carbon steel tanks is described. Factors discussed include: testing of internal insulation materials in molten salt; preliminary design of storage tanks, including insulation and liner installation; optimization of the storage configuration; and definition of a subsystem research experiment to demonstrate the system. A thermal analytical model and analysis of a thermocline tank was performed. Data from a present thermocline test tank was compared to gain confidence in the analytical approach. A computer analysis of the various storage system parameters (insulation thickness, number of tanks, tank geometry, etc.,) showed that (1) the most cost-effective configuration was a small number of large cylindrical tanks, and (2) the optimum is set by the mechanical constraints of the system, such as soil bearing strength and tank hoop stress, not by the economics.

Internally insulated thermal storage system development program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, O. L.

1980-03-01

A cost effective thermal storage system for a solar central receiver power system using molten salt stored in internally insulated carbon steel tanks is described. Factors discussed include: testing of internal insulation materials in molten salt; preliminary design of storage tanks, including insulation and liner installation; optimization of the storage configuration; and definition of a subsystem research experiment to demonstrate the system. A thermal analytical model and analysis of a thermocline tank was performed. Data from a present thermocline test tank was compared to gain confidence in the analytical approach. A computer analysis of the various storage system parameters (insulation thickness, number of tanks, tank geometry, etc.,) showed that (1) the most cost-effective configuration was a small number of large cylindrical tanks, and (2) the optimum is set by the mechanical constraints of the system, such as soil bearing strength and tank hoop stress, not by the economics.

Cryogenic Insulation System for Soft Vacuum

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Augustynowicz, S. D.; Fesmire, J. E.

1999-01-01

The development of a cryogenic insulation system for operation under soft vacuum is presented in this paper. Conventional insulation materials for cryogenic applications can be divided into three levels of thermal performance, in terms of apparent thermal conductivity [k-value in milliwatt per meter-kelvin (mW/m-K)]. System k-values below 0.1 can be achieved for multilayer insulation operating at a vacuum level below 1 x 10(exp -4) torr. For fiberglass or powder operating below 1 x 10(exp -3) torr, k-values of about 2 are obtained. For foam and other materials at ambient pressure, k-values around 30 are typical. New industry and aerospace applications require a versatile, robust, low-cost thermal insulation with performance in the intermediate range. The target for the new composite insulation system is a k-value below 4.8 mW/m-K (R-30) at a soft vacuum level (from 1 to 10 torr) and boundary temperatures of approximately 77 and 293 kelvin (K). Many combinations of radiation shields, spacers, and composite materials were tested from high vacuum to ambient pressure using cryostat boiloff methods. Significant improvement over conventional systems in the soft vacuum range was demonstrated. The new layered composite insulation system was also shown to provide key benefits for high vacuum applications as well.

KSI's Cross Insulated Core Transformer Technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Uhmeyer, Uwe

2009-08-04

Cross Insulated Core Transformer (CCT) technology improves on Insulated Core Transformer (ICT) implementations. ICT systems are widely used in very high voltage, high power, power supply systems. In an ICT transformer ferrite core sections are insulated from their neighboring ferrite cores. Flux leakage is present at each of these insulated gaps. The flux loss is raised to the power of stages in the ICT design causing output voltage efficiency to taper off with increasing stages. KSI's CCT technology utilizes a patented technique to compensate the flux loss at each stage of an ICT system. Design equations to calculate the fluxmore » compensation capacitor value are presented. CCT provides corona free operation of the HV stack. KSI's CCT based High Voltage power supply systems offer high efficiency operation, high frequency switching, low stored energy and smaller size over comparable ICT systems.« less

Argentine gas system underway for Gas del Estado

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bosch, H.

Gas del Estado's giant 1074-mile Centro-Oeste pipeline project - designed to ultimately transport over 350 million CF/day of natural gas from the Neuquen basin to the Campo Duran-Buenos Aires pipeline system - is now underway. The COGASCO consortium of Dutch and Argentine companies awarded the construction project will also operate and maintain the system for 15 years after its completion. In addition to the 30-in. pipelines, the agreement calls for a major compressor station at the gas field, three intermediate compressor stations, a gas-treatment plant, liquids-recovery facilities, and the metering, control, communications, and maintenance equipment for the system. Fabricated inmore » Holland, the internally and externally coated pipe will be double-jointed to 80-ft lengths after shipment to Argentina; welders will use conventional manual-arc techniques to weld the pipeline in the field.« less

The Brackets Design and Stress Analysis of a Refinery's Hot Water Pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, San-Ping; He, Yan-Lin

2016-05-01

The reconstruction engineering which reconstructs the hot water pipeline from a power station to a heat exchange station requires the new hot water pipeline combine with old pipe racks. Taking the allowable span calculated based on GB50316 and the design philosophy of the pipeline supports into account, determine the types and locations of brackets. By analyzing the stresses of the pipeline in AutoPIPE, adjusting the supports at dangerous segments, recalculating in AutoPIPE, at last determine the types, locations and numbers of supports reasonably. Then the overall pipeline system will satisfy the requirement of the ASME B31.3.

The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bosch, James; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven; Furusawa, Hisanori; Ikeda, Hiroyuki; Koike, Michitaro; Lupton, Robert; Mineo, Sogo; Price, Paul; Takata, Tadafumi; Tanaka, Masayuki; Yasuda, Naoki; AlSayyad, Yusra; Becker, Andrew C.; Coulton, William; Coupon, Jean; Garmilla, Jose; Huang, Song; Krughoff, K. Simon; Lang, Dustin; Leauthaud, Alexie; Lim, Kian-Tat; Lust, Nate B.; MacArthur, Lauren A.; Mandelbaum, Rachel; Miyatake, Hironao; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Murata, Ryoma; More, Surhud; Okura, Yuki; Owen, Russell; Swinbank, John D.; Strauss, Michael A.; Yamada, Yoshihiko; Yamanoi, Hitomi

2018-01-01

In this paper, we describe the optical imaging data processing pipeline developed for the Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) instrument. The HSC Pipeline builds on the prototype pipeline being developed by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope's Data Management system, adding customizations for HSC, large-scale processing capabilities, and novel algorithms that have since been reincorporated into the LSST codebase. While designed primarily to reduce HSC Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) data, it is also the recommended pipeline for reducing general-observer HSC data. The HSC pipeline includes high-level processing steps that generate coadded images and science-ready catalogs as well as low-level detrending and image characterizations.

Colossal magnetoresistance in a Mott insulator via magnetic field-driven insulator-metal transition

DOE PAGES

Zhu, M.; Peng, J.; Zou, T.; ...

2016-05-25

Here, we present a new type of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) arising from an anomalous collapse of the Mott insulating state via a modest magnetic field in a bilayer ruthenate, Ti-doped Ca 3Ru 2O 7. Such an insulator-metal transition is accompanied by changes in both lattice and magnetic structures. Our findings have important implications because a magnetic field usually stabilizes the insulating ground state in a Mott-Hubbard system, thus calling for a deeper theoretical study to reexamine the magnetic field tuning of Mott systems with magnetic and electronic instabilities and spin-lattice-charge coupling. This study further provides a model approach to searchmore » for CMR systems other than manganites, such as Mott insulators in the vicinity of the boundary between competing phases.« less

49 CFR 192.11 - Petroleum gas systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Petroleum gas systems. 192.11 Section 192.11... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS General § 192.11 Petroleum gas systems. (a) Each plant that supplies petroleum gas by pipeline to a natural gas distribution system must meet the requirements...

49 CFR 192.11 - Petroleum gas systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Petroleum gas systems. 192.11 Section 192.11... BY PIPELINE: MINIMUM FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS General § 192.11 Petroleum gas systems. (a) Each plant that supplies petroleum gas by pipeline to a natural gas distribution system must meet the requirements...

Inverse Transient Analysis for Classification of Wall Thickness Variations in Pipelines

PubMed Central

Tuck, Jeffrey; Lee, Pedro

2013-01-01

Analysis of transient fluid pressure signals has been investigated as an alternative method of fault detection in pipeline systems and has shown promise in both laboratory and field trials. The advantage of the method is that it can potentially provide a fast and cost effective means of locating faults such as leaks, blockages and pipeline wall degradation within a pipeline while the system remains fully operational. The only requirement is that high speed pressure sensors are placed in contact with the fluid. Further development of the method requires detailed numerical models and enhanced understanding of transient flow within a pipeline where variations in pipeline condition and geometry occur. One such variation commonly encountered is the degradation or thinning of pipe walls, which can increase the susceptible of a pipeline to leak development. This paper aims to improve transient-based fault detection methods by investigating how changes in pipe wall thickness will affect the transient behaviour of a system; this is done through the analysis of laboratory experiments. The laboratory experiments are carried out on a stainless steel pipeline of constant outside diameter, into which a pipe section of variable wall thickness is inserted. In order to detect the location and severity of these changes in wall conditions within the laboratory system an inverse transient analysis procedure is employed which considers independent variations in wavespeed and diameter. Inverse transient analyses are carried out using a genetic algorithm optimisation routine to match the response from a one-dimensional method of characteristics transient model to the experimental time domain pressure responses. The accuracy of the detection technique is evaluated and benefits associated with various simplifying assumptions and simulation run times are investigated. It is found that for the case investigated, changes in the wavespeed and nominal diameter of the pipeline are both important to the accuracy of the inverse analysis procedure and can be used to differentiate the observed transient behaviour caused by changes in wall thickness from that caused by other known faults such as leaks. Further application of the method to real pipelines is discussed.

Hybrid insulation coordination and optimisation for 1 MV operation of pulsed electron accelerator KALI-30GW

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Senthil, K.; Mitra, S.; Sandeep, S., E-mail: sentilk@barc.gov.in

In a multi-gigawatt pulsed power system like KALI-30 GW, insulation coordination is required to achieve high voltages ranging from 0.3 MV to 1 MV. At the same time optimisation of the insulation parameters is required to minimize the inductance of the system, so that nanoseconds output can be achieved. The KALI-30GW pulse power system utilizes a combination of Perspex, delrin, epoxy, transformer oil, nitrogen/SF{sub 6} gas and vacuum insulation at its various stages in compressing DC high voltage to a nanoseconds pulse. This paper describes the operation and performance of the system from 400 kV to 1030 kV output voltagemore » pulse and insulation parameters utilized for obtaining peak 1 MV output. (author)« less

Electrical insulation system for the shell-vacuum vessel and poloidal field gap in the ZTH machine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reass, W.A.; Ballard, E.O.

1989-01-01

The electrical insulation systems for the ZTH machine have many unusual design problems. The poloidal field gap insulation must be capable of conforming to poloidal and toroidal contours, provide a 25 kV hold off, and sufficiently adhere to the epoxy back fill between the overlapping conductors. The shell-vacuum vessel system will use stretchable and flexible insulation along with protective hats, boots and sleeves. The shell-vacuum vessel system must be able to withstand a 12.5 kV pulse with provision for thermal insulation to limit the effects of the 300{degrees}C vacuum vessel during operation and bakeout. Methodology required to provide the electricalmore » protection along with testing data and material characteristics will be presented. 7 figs.« less

Allometric scaling law in a simple oxygen exchanging network: possible implications on the biological allometric scaling laws.

PubMed

Santillán, Moisés

2003-07-21

A simple model of an oxygen exchanging network is presented and studied. This network's task is to transfer a given oxygen rate from a source to an oxygen consuming system. It consists of a pipeline, that interconnects the oxygen consuming system and the reservoir and of a fluid, the active oxygen transporting element, moving through the pipeline. The network optimal design (total pipeline surface) and dynamics (volumetric flow of the oxygen transporting fluid), which minimize the energy rate expended in moving the fluid, are calculated in terms of the oxygen exchange rate, the pipeline length, and the pipeline cross-section. After the oxygen exchanging network is optimized, the energy converting system is shown to satisfy a 3/4-like allometric scaling law, based upon the assumption that its performance regime is scale invariant as well as on some feasible geometric scaling assumptions. Finally, the possible implications of this result on the allometric scaling properties observed elsewhere in living beings are discussed.

49 CFR 195.444 - CPM leak detection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false CPM leak detection. 195.444 Section 195.444... PIPELINE Operation and Maintenance § 195.444 CPM leak detection. Each computational pipeline monitoring (CPM) leak detection system installed on a hazardous liquid pipeline transporting liquid in single...

Improved coal-slurry pipeline

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowler, W. L.

1979-01-01

High strength steel pipeline carries hot mixture of powdered coal and coal derived oil to electric-power-generating station. Slurry is processed along way to remove sulfur, ash, and nitrogen and to recycle part of oil. System eliminates hazards and limitations associated with anticipated coal/water-slurry pipelines.

Framework for the Integration of Multi-Instrument Pipelines in the BepiColombo Science Operations Control System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pérez-López, F.; Vallejo, J. C.; Martínez, S.; Ortiz, I.; Macfarlane, A.; Osuna, P.; Gill, R.; Casale, M.

2015-09-01

BepiColombo is an interdisciplinary ESA mission to explore the planet Mercury in cooperation with JAXA. The mission consists of two separate orbiters: ESA's Mercury Planetary Orbiter (MPO) and JAXA's Mercury Magnetospheric Orbiter (MMO), which are dedicated to the detailed study of the planet and its magnetosphere. The MPO scientific payload comprises eleven instruments packages covering different disciplines developed by several European teams. This paper describes the design and development approach of the framework required to support the operation of the distributed BepiColombo MPO instruments pipelines, developed and operated from different locations, but designed as a single entity. An architecture based on primary-redundant configuration, fully integrated into the BepiColombo Science Operations Control System (BSCS), has been selected, where some instrument pipelines will be operated from the instrument team's data processing centres, having a pipeline replica that can be run from the Science Ground Segment (SGS), while others will be executed as primary pipelines from the SGS, adopting the SGS the pipeline orchestration role.

OS friendly microprocessor architecture: Hardware level computer security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jungwirth, Patrick; La Fratta, Patrick

2016-05-01

We present an introduction to the patented OS Friendly Microprocessor Architecture (OSFA) and hardware level computer security. Conventional microprocessors have not tried to balance hardware performance and OS performance at the same time. Conventional microprocessors have depended on the Operating System for computer security and information assurance. The goal of the OS Friendly Architecture is to provide a high performance and secure microprocessor and OS system. We are interested in cyber security, information technology (IT), and SCADA control professionals reviewing the hardware level security features. The OS Friendly Architecture is a switched set of cache memory banks in a pipeline configuration. For light-weight threads, the memory pipeline configuration provides near instantaneous context switching times. The pipelining and parallelism provided by the cache memory pipeline provides for background cache read and write operations while the microprocessor's execution pipeline is running instructions. The cache bank selection controllers provide arbitration to prevent the memory pipeline and microprocessor's execution pipeline from accessing the same cache bank at the same time. This separation allows the cache memory pages to transfer to and from level 1 (L1) caching while the microprocessor pipeline is executing instructions. Computer security operations are implemented in hardware. By extending Unix file permissions bits to each cache memory bank and memory address, the OSFA provides hardware level computer security.

49 CFR 194.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... when identifying response systems and equipment to be deployed in accordance with a response plan... which those systems or equipment are intended to function. Barrel means 42 United States gallons (159... oil pipeline system or (2) Receive and store oil transported by a pipeline for reinjection and...

Pipeline scada upgrade uses satellite terminal system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Conrad, W.; Skovrinski, J.R.

In the recent automation of its supervisory control and data acquisition (scada) system, Transwestern Pipeline Co. has become the first to use very small aperture satellite terminals (VSAT's) for scada. A subsidiary of Enron Interstate Pipeline, Houston, Transwestern moves natural gas through a 4,400-mile system from West Texas, New Mexico, and Oklahoma to southern California markets. Transwestern's modernization, begun in November 1985, addressed problems associated with its aging control equipment which had been installed when the compressor stations were built in 1960. Over the years a combination of three different systems had been added. All were cumbersome to maintain andmore » utilized outdated technology. Problems with reliability, high maintenance time, and difficulty in getting new parts were determining factors in Transwestern's decision to modernize its scada system. In addition, the pipeline was anticipating moving its control center from Roswell, N.M., to Houston and believed it would be impossible to marry the old system with the new computer equipment in Houston.« less

Demonstration of Hybrid Multilayer Insulation for Fixed Thickness Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, W. L.; Fesmire, J. E.; Heckle, K. W.

2015-12-01

Cryogenic multilayer insulation (MLI) systems provide both conductive and radiative thermal insulation performance. The use of radiation shields with low conductivity spacers in between are required. By varying the distance and types of the spacers between the radiation shields, the relative radiation and conduction heat transfers can be manipulated. However, in most systems, there is a fixed thickness or volume allocated to the insulation. To understand how various combinations of different multilayer insulation (MLI) systems work together and to further validate thermal models of hybrid MLI systems, test data are needed. The MLI systems include combinations of Load-Bearing MLI (LB-MLI) and traditional MLI (tMLI). To further simulate the space launch vehicle case wherein both ambient pressure and vacuum environments are addressed, different cold-side thermal insulation substrates were included for select tests. The basic hybrid construction consists of some number of layers of LB-MLI on the cold side of the insulation system followed by layers of tMLI on the warm side of the system. The advantages of LB-MLI on the cold side of the insulation blanket are that its low layer density (0.5 - 0.6 layer/mm) is better suited for lower temperature applications and is a structural component to support heat interception shields that may be placed within the blanket. The advantage of tMLI systems on the warm side is that radiation is more dominant than conduction at warmer temperatures, so that a higher layer density is desired (2 - 3 layer/mm) and less effort need be put into minimizing conduction heat transfer. Liquid nitrogen boiloff test data using a cylindrical calorimeter are presented along with analysis for spacecraft tank applications.

Method for oil pipeline leak detection based on distributed fiber optic technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Huabo; Tu, Yaqing; Luo, Ting

1998-08-01

Pipeline leak detection is a difficult problem to solve up to now. Some traditional leak detection methods have such problems as high rate of false alarm or missing detection, low location estimate capability. For the problems given above, a method for oil pipeline leak detection based on distributed optical fiber sensor with special coating is presented. The fiber's coating interacts with hydrocarbon molecules in oil, which alters the refractive indexed of the coating. Therefore the light-guiding properties of the fiber are modified. Thus pipeline leak location can be determined by OTDR. Oil pipeline lead detection system is designed based on the principle. The system has some features like real time, multi-point detection at the same time and high location accuracy. In the end, some factors that probably influence detection are analyzed and primary improving actions are given.

Modelling of non-equilibrium flow in the branched pipeline systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sumskoi, S. I.; Sverchkov, A. M.; Lisanov, M. V.; Egorov, A. F.

2016-09-01

This article presents a mathematical model and a numerical method for solving the task of water hammer in the branched pipeline system. The task is considered in the onedimensional non-stationary formulation taking into account the realities such as the change in the diameter of the pipeline and its branches. By comparison with the existing analytic solution it has been shown that the proposed method possesses good accuracy. With the help of the developed model and numerical method the task has been solved concerning the transmission of the compression waves complex in the branching pipeline system when several shut down valves operate. It should be noted that the offered model and method may be easily introduced to a number of other tasks, for example, to describe the flow of blood in the vessels.

Demonstration of Hybrid Multilayer Insulation for Fixed Thickness Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Wesley; Fesmire, James; Heckle, Wayne

2015-01-01

Once on orbit, high performing insulation systems for cryogenic systems need just as good radiation (optical) properties as conduction properties. This requires the use of radiation shields with low conductivity spacers in between. By varying the height and cross-sectional area of the spacers between the radiation shields, the relative radiation and conduction heat transfers can be manipulated. However, in most systems, there is a fixed thickness or volume allocated to the insulation. In order to understand how various combinations of different multilayer insulation (MLI) systems work together and further validate thermal models of such a hybrid MLI set up, test data is needed. The MLI systems include combinations of Load Bearing MLI (LB-MLI) and traditional MLI. To further simulate the space launch vehicle case wherein both ambient pressure and vacuum environments are addressed, different cold-side thermal insulation substrates were included for select tests.

40 CFR 52.987 - Control of hydrocarbon emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control systems on a 37,500 barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Oil... a 25,000 barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Haynesville... barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Summerfield, Louisiana with...

40 CFR 52.987 - Control of hydrocarbon emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... control systems on a 37,500 barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Oil... a 25,000 barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Haynesville... barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Summerfield, Louisiana with...

40 CFR 52.987 - Control of hydrocarbon emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... control systems on a 37,500 barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Oil... a 25,000 barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Haynesville... barrel capacity crude oil storage tank at Cities Service Pipeline Company, Summerfield, Louisiana with...

49 CFR 195.104 - Variations in pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Variations in pressure. 195.104 Section 195.104... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.104 Variations in pressure. If, within a pipeline system, two or more...

49 CFR 195.104 - Variations in pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Variations in pressure. 195.104 Section 195.104... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.104 Variations in pressure. If, within a pipeline system, two or more...

49 CFR 195.104 - Variations in pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Variations in pressure. 195.104 Section 195.104... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.104 Variations in pressure. If, within a pipeline system, two or more...

49 CFR 195.104 - Variations in pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Variations in pressure. 195.104 Section 195.104... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.104 Variations in pressure. If, within a pipeline system, two or more...

49 CFR 195.104 - Variations in pressure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Variations in pressure. 195.104 Section 195.104... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF HAZARDOUS LIQUIDS BY PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.104 Variations in pressure. If, within a pipeline system, two or more...

Research on airborne infrared leakage detection of natural gas pipeline

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tan, Dongjie; Xu, Bin; Xu, Xu; Wang, Hongchao; Yu, Dongliang; Tian, Shengjie

2011-12-01

An airborne laser remote sensing technology is proposed to detect natural gas pipeline leakage in helicopter which carrying a detector, and the detector can detect a high spatial resolution of trace of methane on the ground. The principle of the airborne laser remote sensing system is based on tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy (TDLAS). The system consists of an optical unit containing the laser, camera, helicopter mount, electronic unit with DGPS antenna, a notebook computer and a pilot monitor. And the system is mounted on a helicopter. The principle and the architecture of the airborne laser remote sensing system are presented. Field test experiments are carried out on West-East Natural Gas Pipeline of China, and the results show that airborne detection method is suitable for detecting gas leak of pipeline on plain, desert, hills but unfit for the area with large altitude diversification.

Development of an external ceramic insulation for the space shuttle orbiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tanzilli, R. A. (Editor)

1972-01-01

The development and evaluation of a family of reusable external insulation systems for use on the space shuttle orbiter is discussed. The material development and evaluation activities are described. Additional information is provided on the development of an analytical micromechanical model of the reusable insulation and the development of techniques for reducing the heat transfer. Design data on reusable insulation systems and test techniques used for design data generation are included.

The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline

DOE PAGES

Bosch, James; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven; ...

2017-10-12

Here in this article, we describe the optical imaging data processing pipeline developed for the Subaru Telescope’s Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) instrument. The HSC Pipeline builds on the prototype pipeline being developed by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope’s Data Management system, adding customizations for HSC, large-scale processing capabilities, and novel algorithms that have since been reincorporated into the LSST codebase. While designed primarily to reduce HSC Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) data, it is also the recommended pipeline for reducing general-observer HSC data. The HSC pipeline includes high-level processing steps that generate coadded images and science-ready catalogs as well as low-level detrendingmore » and image characterizations.« less

The Hyper Suprime-Cam software pipeline

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bosch, James; Armstrong, Robert; Bickerton, Steven

Here in this article, we describe the optical imaging data processing pipeline developed for the Subaru Telescope’s Hyper Suprime-Cam (HSC) instrument. The HSC Pipeline builds on the prototype pipeline being developed by the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope’s Data Management system, adding customizations for HSC, large-scale processing capabilities, and novel algorithms that have since been reincorporated into the LSST codebase. While designed primarily to reduce HSC Subaru Strategic Program (SSP) data, it is also the recommended pipeline for reducing general-observer HSC data. The HSC pipeline includes high-level processing steps that generate coadded images and science-ready catalogs as well as low-level detrendingmore » and image characterizations.« less

Materials Development and Spin Transport Study of Magnetic Insulator Based Heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tang, Chi

The subfield of magnetic insulator (MI) based spintronics is playing a substantial role in modern solid state physics research. Spin current in the MI is propagated in spin wave with a much longer decay length than spin-polarized carriers in conducting ferromagnet. In the MI-based hetereostructures, the adjacent non-magnetic materials can be magnetized in proximity of MI. Therefore, it is a promising system to study exotic transport phenomena such as quantum Anomalous Hall effect in topological insulator and graphene. Rare-earth Iron garnet (ReIG), a class of magnetic insulators with large electronic bandgap and high Curie temperature, stands out among various magnetic insulator materials and have attracted a great deal of attention in recent magnetic insulator based spintronics research. The first chapter of this dissertation gives a brief introduction to the spintronics research by introducing some essential concepts in the spintronics field and the most recent spin transport phenomena. The second chapter of this dissertation summarizes my work in the materials development of ReIG ferrimagnetic insulators, including exquisite control of high quality ultra-flat yttrium iron garnet (YIG) thin films with extremely low magnetic damping and engineering of strain induced robust perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in thulium iron garnet (TIG) and Bi-doped YIG films. The last chapter of this dissertation shows a systematic study in various ReIG based heterostructures, mainly divided into groups: ReIG (YIG & TIG)/heavy metal bilayers (Pd & Pt) and ReIG (YIG & TIG)/Dirac systems (graphene & topological insulator). The magneto-transport study disentangles the contribution from a spin current origin and proximity induced magnetism. Furthermore, the demonstration in the proximity coupling induced high-temperature ferromagnetic phase in low-dimensional Dirac systems, i.e. graphene and topological insulator surface states, provides new possibilities in the future spintronics applications. The modulation on the spin dynamics of magnetic insulator layer by topological insulator surface states is investigated at last, further confirming the superb properties of such magnetic insulator based spintronics systems.

Real-time Monitoring of Subsea Gas Pipelines, Offshore Platforms, and Ship Inspection Scores Using an Automatic Identification System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Artana, K. B.; Pitana, T.; Dinariyana, D. P.; Ariana, M.; Kristianto, D.; Pratiwi, E.

2018-06-01

The aim of this research is to develop an algorithm and application that can perform real-time monitoring of the safety operation of offshore platforms and subsea gas pipelines as well as determine the need for ship inspection using data obtained from automatic identification system (AIS). The research also focuses on the integration of shipping database, AIS data, and others to develop a prototype for designing a real-time monitoring system of offshore platforms and pipelines. A simple concept is used in the development of this prototype, which is achieved by using an overlaying map that outlines the coordinates of the offshore platform and subsea gas pipeline with the ship's coordinates (longitude/latitude) as detected by AIS. Using such information, we can then build an early warning system (EWS) relayed through short message service (SMS), email, or other means when the ship enters the restricted and exclusion zone of platforms and pipelines. The ship inspection system is developed by combining several attributes. Then, decision analysis software is employed to prioritize the vessel's four attributes, including ship age, ship type, classification, and flag state. Results show that the EWS can increase the safety level of offshore platforms and pipelines, as well as the efficient use of patrol boats in monitoring the safety of the facilities. Meanwhile, ship inspection enables the port to prioritize the ship to be inspected in accordance with the priority ranking inspection score.

A Proposed Scalable Design and Simulation of Wireless Sensor Network-Based Long-Distance Water Pipeline Leakage Monitoring System

PubMed Central

Almazyad, Abdulaziz S.; Seddiq, Yasser M.; Alotaibi, Ahmed M.; Al-Nasheri, Ahmed Y.; BenSaleh, Mohammed S.; Obeid, Abdulfattah M.; Qasim, Syed Manzoor

2014-01-01

Anomalies such as leakage and bursts in water pipelines have severe consequences for the environment and the economy. To ensure the reliability of water pipelines, they must be monitored effectively. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an effective technology for monitoring critical infrastructure such as water, oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, we present a scalable design and simulation of a water pipeline leakage monitoring system using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and WSN technology. The proposed design targets long-distance aboveground water pipelines that have special considerations for maintenance, energy consumption and cost. The design is based on deploying a group of mobile wireless sensor nodes inside the pipeline and allowing them to work cooperatively according to a prescheduled order. Under this mechanism, only one node is active at a time, while the other nodes are sleeping. The node whose turn is next wakes up according to one of three wakeup techniques: location-based, time-based and interrupt-driven. In this paper, mathematical models are derived for each technique to estimate the corresponding energy consumption and memory size requirements. The proposed equations are analyzed and the results are validated using simulation. PMID:24561404

A proposed scalable design and simulation of wireless sensor network-based long-distance water pipeline leakage monitoring system.

PubMed

Almazyad, Abdulaziz S; Seddiq, Yasser M; Alotaibi, Ahmed M; Al-Nasheri, Ahmed Y; BenSaleh, Mohammed S; Obeid, Abdulfattah M; Qasim, Syed Manzoor

2014-02-20

Anomalies such as leakage and bursts in water pipelines have severe consequences for the environment and the economy. To ensure the reliability of water pipelines, they must be monitored effectively. Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have emerged as an effective technology for monitoring critical infrastructure such as water, oil and gas pipelines. In this paper, we present a scalable design and simulation of a water pipeline leakage monitoring system using Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) and WSN technology. The proposed design targets long-distance aboveground water pipelines that have special considerations for maintenance, energy consumption and cost. The design is based on deploying a group of mobile wireless sensor nodes inside the pipeline and allowing them to work cooperatively according to a prescheduled order. Under this mechanism, only one node is active at a time, while the other nodes are sleeping. The node whose turn is next wakes up according to one of three wakeup techniques: location-based, time-based and interrupt-driven. In this paper, mathematical models are derived for each technique to estimate the corresponding energy consumption and memory size requirements. The proposed equations are analyzed and the results are validated using simulation.

ASRM case insulation design and development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bell, Matthew S.; Tam, William F. S.

1992-10-01

This paper describes the achievements made on the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) case insulation design and development program. The ASRM case insulation system described herein protects the metal case and joints from direct radiation and hot gas impingement. Critical failure of solid rocket systems is often traceable to failure of the insulation design. The wide ranging accomplishments included the development of a nonasbestos insulation material for ASRM that replaced the existing Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) asbestos-filled nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) along with a performance gain of 300 pounds, and improved reliability of all the insulation joint designs, i.e., segmented case joint, case-to-nozzle and case-to-igniter joint. The insulation process development program included the internal stripwinding process. This process advancement allowed Aerojet to match to exceed the capability of other propulsion companies.

ASRM case insulation design and development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, Matthew S.; Tam, William F. S.

1992-01-01

This paper describes the achievements made on the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) case insulation design and development program. The ASRM case insulation system described herein protects the metal case and joints from direct radiation and hot gas impingement. Critical failure of solid rocket systems is often traceable to failure of the insulation design. The wide ranging accomplishments included the development of a nonasbestos insulation material for ASRM that replaced the existing Redesigned Solid Rocket Motor (RSRM) asbestos-filled nitrile butadiene rubber (NBR) along with a performance gain of 300 pounds, and improved reliability of all the insulation joint designs, i.e., segmented case joint, case-to-nozzle and case-to-igniter joint. The insulation process development program included the internal stripwinding process. This process advancement allowed Aerojet to match to exceed the capability of other propulsion companies.

76 FR 80553 - Mandatory Reporting of Greenhouse Gases: Technical Revisions to the Petroleum and Natural Gas...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-23

... facilities 486210 Pipeline transportation of natural gas. Petroleum and Natural Gas Systems. 221210 Natural... and Budget PHMSA Pipeline and Hazardous Material Safety Administration QA/QC quality assurance/quality... distribution pipelines, but also into liquefied natural gas storage or into underground storage. We are...

Thermal interaction of underground pipeline with freezing heaving soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podorozhnikov, S. Y.; Mikhailov, P.; Puldas, L.; Shabarov, A.

2018-05-01

A mathematical model and a method for calculating the stress-strain state of a pipeline describing the heat-power interaction in the "underground pipeline - soil" system in the conditions of negative temperatures in the soils of soils are offered. Some results of computational-parametric research are presented.

The SCUBA Data Reduction Pipeline: ORAC-DR at the JCMT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jenness, Tim; Economou, Frossie

The ORAC data reduction pipeline, developed for UKIRT, has been designed to be a completely general approach to writing data reduction pipelines. This generality has enabled the JCMT to adapt the system for use with SCUBA with minimal development time using the existing SCUBA data reduction algorithms (Surf).

Supply Support of Air Force 463L Equipment: An Analysis of the 463L equipment Spare Parts Pipeline

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

service; and 4) the order processing system created inherent delays in the pipeline because of outdated and indirect information systems and technology. Keywords: Materials handling equipment, Theses. (AW)

Digital Mapping of Buried Pipelines with a Dual Array System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-06-06

The objective of this research is to develop a non-invasive system for detecting, mapping, and inspecting ferrous and plastic pipelines in place using technology that combines and interprets measurements from ground penetrating radar and electromagne...

49 CFR 193.2609 - Support systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Support systems. 193.2609 Section 193.2609 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES...

49 CFR 193.2519 - Communication systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Communication systems. 193.2519 Section 193.2519 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS FACILITIES...

Aerodynamics of electrically driven freight pipeline system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lundgren, T.S.; Zhao, Y.

2000-06-01

This paper examines the aerodynamic characteristics of a freight pipeline system in which freight capsules are individually propelled by electrical motors. The fundamental difference between this system and the more extensively studied pneumatic capsule pipeline is the different role played by aerodynamic forces. In a driven system the propelled capsules are resisted by aerodynamic forces and, in reaction, pump air through the tube. In contrast, in a pneumatically propelled system external blowers pump air through the tubes, and this provides the thrust for the capsules. An incompressible transient analysis is developed to study the aerodynamics of multiple capsules in amore » cross-linked two-bore pipeline. An aerodynamic friction coefficient is used as a cost parameter to compare the effects of capsule blockage and headway and to assess the merits of adits and vents. The authors conclude that optimum efficiency for off-design operation is obtained with long platoons of capsules in vented or adit connected tubes.« less

Understanding gene functions and disease mechanisms: Phenotyping pipelines in the German Mouse Clinic.

PubMed

Fuchs, Helmut; Aguilar-Pimentel, Juan Antonio; Amarie, Oana V; Becker, Lore; Calzada-Wack, Julia; Cho, Yi-Li; Garrett, Lillian; Hölter, Sabine M; Irmler, Martin; Kistler, Martin; Kraiger, Markus; Mayer-Kuckuk, Philipp; Moreth, Kristin; Rathkolb, Birgit; Rozman, Jan; da Silva Buttkus, Patricia; Treise, Irina; Zimprich, Annemarie; Gampe, Kristine; Hutterer, Christine; Stöger, Claudia; Leuchtenberger, Stefanie; Maier, Holger; Miller, Manuel; Scheideler, Angelika; Wu, Moya; Beckers, Johannes; Bekeredjian, Raffi; Brielmeier, Markus; Busch, Dirk H; Klingenspor, Martin; Klopstock, Thomas; Ollert, Markus; Schmidt-Weber, Carsten; Stöger, Tobias; Wolf, Eckhard; Wurst, Wolfgang; Yildirim, Ali Önder; Zimmer, Andreas; Gailus-Durner, Valérie; Hrabě de Angelis, Martin

2017-09-29

Since decades, model organisms have provided an important approach for understanding the mechanistic basis of human diseases. The German Mouse Clinic (GMC) was the first phenotyping facility that established a collaboration-based platform for phenotype characterization of mouse lines. In order to address individual projects by a tailor-made phenotyping strategy, the GMC advanced in developing a series of pipelines with tests for the analysis of specific disease areas. For a general broad analysis, there is a screening pipeline that covers the key parameters for the most relevant disease areas. For hypothesis-driven phenotypic analyses, there are thirteen additional pipelines with focus on neurological and behavioral disorders, metabolic dysfunction, respiratory system malfunctions, immune-system disorders and imaging techniques. In this article, we give an overview of the pipelines and describe the scientific rationale behind the different test combinations. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The CWF pipeline system from Shen mu to the Yellow Sea

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ercolani, D.

1993-12-31

A feasibility study on the applicability of coal-water fuel (CWF) technology in the People`s Republic of China (PRC) is in progress. This study, awarded to Snamprogetti by the International Centre for Scientific Culture (World Laboratory) of Geneva, Switzerland, is performed on behalf of Chinese Organizations led by the Ministry of Energy Resources and the Academy of Sciences of the People`s Republic of China. Slurry pipelines appear to be a solution for solving the logistic problems created by a progressively increasing coal consumption and a limited availability of conventional transport infrastructures in the PRC. Within this framework, CWF pipelines are themore » most innovative technological option in consideration of the various advantages the technology offers with respect to conventional slurry pipelines. The PRC CWF pipeline system study evaluates two alternative transport streams, but originating from the same slurry production plant, located at Shachuanguo, about 100 km from Sheng Mu.« less

Simulation and Experiment Research on Fatigue Life of High Pressure Air Pipeline Joint

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shang, Jin; Xie, Jianghui; Yu, Jian; Zhang, Deman

2017-12-01

High pressure air pipeline joint is important part of high pressure air system, whose reliability is related to the safety and stability of the system. This thesis developed a new type-high pressure air pipeline joint, carried out dynamics research on CB316-1995 and new type-high pressure air pipeline joint with finite element method, deeply analysed the join forms of different design schemes and effect of materials on stress, tightening torque and fatigue life of joint. Research team set up vibration/pulse test bench, carried out joint fatigue life contrast test. The result shows: the maximum stress of the joint is inverted in the inner side of the outer sleeve nut, which is consistent with the failure mode of the crack on the outer sleeve nut in practice. Simulation and experiment of fatigue life and tightening torque of new type-high pressure air pipeline joint are better than CB316-1995 joint.

Cryogenic line insulation made from prefabricated polyurethane shells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lerma, G.

1975-01-01

Prefabricated polyurethane foam insulation is inexpensive and easily installed on cryogenic lines. Insulation sections are semicircular half shells. Pair of half shells is placed to surround cryogenic line. Cylindrically-shaped knit sock is pulled over insulation then covered with polyurethane resin to seal system.

Superconductor-insulator transition and Fermi-Bose crossovers

DOE PAGES

Loh, Yen Lee; Randeria, Mohit; Trivedi, Nandini; ...

2016-05-31

The direct transition from an insulator to a superconductor (SC) in Fermi systems is a problem of long-standing interest, which necessarily goes beyond the standard BCS paradigm of superconductivity as a Fermi surface instability. We introduce here a simple, translationally invariant lattice fermion model that undergoes a SC-insulator transition (SIT) and elucidate its properties using analytical methods and quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show that there is a fermionic band insulator to bosonic insulator crossover in the insulating phase and a BCS-to-BEC crossover in the SC. The SIT is always found to be from a bosonic insulator to a BEC-likemore » SC, with an energy gap for fermions that remains finite across the SIT. Hence, the energy scales that go critical at the SIT are the gap to pair excitations in the insulator and the superfluid stiffness in the SC. In addition to giving insight into important questions about the SIT in solid-state systems, our model should be experimentally realizable using ultracold fermions in optical lattices.« less

Ideology of a multiparametric system for estimating the insulation system of electric machines on the basis of absorption testing methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kislyakov, M. A.; Chernov, V. A.; Maksimkin, V. L.; Bozhin, Yu. M.

2017-12-01

The article deals with modern methods of monitoring the state and predicting the life of electric machines. In 50% of the cases of failure in the performance of electric machines is associated with insulation damage. As promising, nondestructive methods of control, methods based on the investigation of the processes of polarization occurring in insulating materials are proposed. To improve the accuracy of determining the state of insulation, a multiparametric approach is considered, which is a basis for the development of an expert system for estimating the state of health.

Ground motion values for use in the seismic design of the Trans-Alaska Pipeline system

USGS Publications Warehouse

Page, Robert A.; Boore, D.M.; Joyner, W.B.; Coulter, H.W.

1972-01-01

The proposed trans-Alaska oil pipeline, which would traverse the state north to south from Prudhoe Bay on the Arctic coast to Valdez on Prince William Sound, will be subject to serious earthquake hazards over much of its length. To be acceptable from an environmental standpoint, the pipeline system is to be designed to minimize the potential of oil leakage resulting from seismic shaking, faulting, and seismically induced ground deformation. The design of the pipeline system must accommodate the effects of earthquakes with magnitudes ranging from 5.5 to 8.5 as specified in the 'Stipulations for Proposed Trans-Alaskan Pipeline System.' This report characterizes ground motions for the specified earthquakes in terms of peak levels of ground acceleration, velocity, and displacement and of duration of shaking. Published strong motion data from the Western United States are critically reviewed to determine the intensity and duration of shaking within several kilometers of the slipped fault. For magnitudes 5 and 6, for which sufficient near-fault records are available, the adopted ground motion values are based on data. For larger earthquakes the values are based on extrapolations from the data for smaller shocks, guided by simplified theoretical models of the faulting process.

Development and application of an information-analytic system on the problem of flow accelerated corrosion of pipeline elements in the secondary coolant circuit of VVER-440-based power units at the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tomarov, G. V.; Povarov, V. P.; Shipkov, A. A.; Gromov, A. F.; Kiselev, A. N.; Shepelev, S. V.; Galanin, A. V.

2015-02-01

Specific features relating to development of the information-analytical system on the problem of flow-accelerated corrosion of pipeline elements in the secondary coolant circuit of the VVER-440-based power units at the Novovoronezh nuclear power plant are considered. The results from a statistical analysis of data on the quantity, location, and operating conditions of the elements and preinserted segments of pipelines used in the condensate-feedwater and wet steam paths are presented. The principles of preparing and using the information-analytical system for determining the lifetime to reaching inadmissible wall thinning in elements of pipelines used in the secondary coolant circuit of the VVER-440-based power units at the Novovoronezh NPP are considered.

Storage, transmission and distribution of hydrogen

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kelley, J. H.; Hagler, R., Jr.

1979-01-01

Current practices and future requirements for the storage, transmission and distribution of hydrogen are reviewed in order to identify inadequacies to be corrected before hydrogen can achieve its full potential as a substitute for fossil fuels. Consideration is given to the storage of hydrogen in underground solution-mined salt caverns, portable high-pressure containers and dewars, pressure vessels and aquifers and as metal hydrides, hydrogen transmission in evacuated double-walled insulated containers and by pipeline, and distribution by truck and internal distribution networks. Areas for the improvement of these techniques are indicated, and these technological deficiencies, including materials development, low-cost storage and transmission methods, low-cost, long-life metal hydrides and novel methods for hydrogen storage, are presented as challenges for research and development.

Hardness and adhesion performances of nanocoating on carbon steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasnidawani, J. N.; Azlina, H. N.; Norita, H.; Bonnia, N. N.

2018-01-01

Nanocoatings industry has been aggressive in searching for cost-effective alternatives and environmental friendly approaches to manufacture products. Nanocoatings represent an engineering solution to prevent corrosion of the structural parts of ships, insulation and pipelines industries. The adhesion and hardness properties of coating affect material properties. This paper reviews ZnO-SiO2 as nanopowder in nano coating formulation as the agent for new and improved coating performances. Carbon steel on type S50C used as common substrate in nanocoating industry. 3wt% ZnO and 2wt% SiO2 addition of nanoparticles into nanocoating showed the best formulation since hardness and adhesion of nanocoating was good on carbon steel substrate. Incorporation of nanoparticles into coating increased the performances of coating.

Measuring Thermal Conductivity and Moisture Absorption of Cryo-Insulation Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lambert, Michael A.

1998-01-01

NASA is seeking to develop thermal insulation material systems suitable for withstanding both extremely high temperatures encountered during atmospheric re-entry heating and aero- braking maneuvers, as well as extremely low temperatures existing in liquid fuel storage tanks. Currently, materials used for the high temperature insulation or Thermal Protection System (TPS) are different from the low temperature, or cryogenic insulation. Dual purpose materials are necessary to the development of reusable launch vehicles (RLV). The present Space Shuttle (or Space Transportation System, STS) employs TPS materials on the orbiter and cryo-insulation materials on the large fuel tank slung under the orbiter. The expensive fuel tank is jettisoned just before orbit is achieved and it burns up while re-entering over the Indian Ocean. A truly completely reusable launch vehicle must store aR cryogenic fuel internally. The fuel tanks will be located close to the outer surface. In fact the outer skin of the craft will probably also serve as the fuel tank enclosure, as in jet airliners. During a normal launch the combined TPS/cryo-insulation system will serve only as a low temperature insulator, since aerodynamic heating is relatively minimal during ascent to orbit. During re-entry, the combined TPS/cryo-insulation system will serve only as a high temperature insulator, since all the cryogenic fuel will have been expended in orbit. However, in the event of an.aborted launch or a forced/emergency early re-entry, the tanks will still contain fuel, and the TPS/cryo-insulation will have to serve as both low and high temperature insulation. Also, on long duration missions, such as to Mars, very effective cryo-insulation materials are needed to reduce bod off of liquid propellants, thereby reducing necessary tankage volume, weight, and cost. The conventional approach to obtaining both low and high temperature insulation, such as is employed for the X-33 and X-34 spacecraft, is to use separate TPS and cryo-insulation materials, which are connected by means of adhesives or stand-offs (spacers). Three concepts are being considered: (1) the TPS is bonded directly to the cryo-insulation which, in turn, is bonded to the exterior of the tank, (2) stand-offs are used to make a gap between the TPS and the cryo-insulation, which is bonded externally to the tank, (3) TPS is applied directly or with stand-offs to the exterior so the tank, and cryo-insulation is applied directly to the interior of the tank. Many potential problems are inherent in these approaches. For example, mismatch between coefficients of thermal expansion of the TPS and cryo-insulation, as well as aerodynamic loads, could lead to failure of the bond. Internal cryo-insulation must be prevent from entering the sump of the fuel turbo-pump. The mechanical integrity of the stand-off structure (if used) must withstand multiple missions. During ground hold (i.e., prior to launch) moisture condensation must be minimized in the gap between the cryo-insulation and the TPS. The longer term solution requires the development of a single material to act as cryo- insulation during ground hold and as TPS during re-entry. Such a material minimizes complexity and weight while improving reliability and reducing cost.

75 FR 49943 - New Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline System Operator Security...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-16

... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Transportation Security Administration New Agency Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Pipeline System Operator Security Information AGENCY: Transportation... INFORMATION CONTACT: Joanna Johnson, Office of Information Technology, TSA-11, Transportation Security...

Safety and integrity of pipeline systems - philosophy and experience in Germany

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1997-01-01

The design, construction and operation of gas pipeline systems in Germany are subject to the Energy Act and associated regulations. This legal structure is based on a deterministic rather than a probabilistic safety philosophy, consisting of technica...

Natural Gas Pipeline and System Expansions

EIA Publications

1997-01-01

This special report examines recent expansions to the North American natural gas pipeline network and the nature and type of proposed pipeline projects announced or approved for construction during the next several years in the United States. It includes those projects in Canada and Mexico that tie in with U.S. markets or projects.

78 FR 17189 - Trunkline LNG Export, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization to Export Liquefied Natural...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-20

... that would permit gas to be received by pipeline at the terminal and liquefied for subsequent export... the natural gas proposed for export will come from the United States natural gas pipeline system... authorization to construct additional pipeline facilities necessary to provide feed gas to the proposed...

Algeria LPG pipeline is build by Bechtel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Horner, C.

1984-08-01

The construction of the 313 mile long, 24 in. LPG pipeline from Hassi R'Mel to Arzew, Algeria is described. The pipeline was designed to deliver 6 million tons of LPG annually using one pumping station. Eventually an additional pumping station will be added to raise the system capacity to 9 million tons annually.

Testing the School-to-Prison Pipeline

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owens, Emily G.

2017-01-01

The School-to-Prison Pipeline is a social phenomenon where students become formally involved with the criminal justice system as a result of school policies that use law enforcement, rather than discipline, to address behavioral problems. A potentially important part of the School-to-Prison Pipeline is the use of sworn School Resource Officers…

Polymer-Reinforced, Non-Brittle, Lightweight Cryogenic Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hess, David M.

2013-01-01

The primary application for cryogenic insulating foams will be fuel tank applications for fueling systems. It is crucial for this insulation to be incorporated into systems that survive vacuum and terrestrial environments. It is hypothesized that by forming an open-cell silica-reinforced polymer structure, the foam structures will exhibit the necessary strength to maintain shape. This will, in turn, maintain the insulating capabilities of the foam insulation. Besides mechanical stability in the form of crush resistance, it is important for these insulating materials to exhibit water penetration resistance. Hydrocarbon-terminated foam surfaces were implemented to impart hydrophobic functionality that apparently limits moisture penetration through the foam. During the freezing process, water accumulates on the surfaces of the foams. However, when hydrocarbon-terminated surfaces are present, water apparently beads and forms crystals, leading to less apparent accumulation. The object of this work is to develop inexpensive structural cryogenic insulation foam that has increased impact resistance for launch and ground-based cryogenic systems. Two parallel approaches will be pursued: a silica-polymer co-foaming technique and a post foam coating technique. Insulation characteristics, flexibility, and water uptake can be fine-tuned through the manipulation of the polyurethane foam scaffold. Silicate coatings for polyurethane foams and aerogel-impregnated polyurethane foams have been developed and tested. A highly porous aerogel-like material may be fabricated using a co-foam and coated foam techniques, and can insulate at liquid temperatures using the composite foam

Evaluating an Exterior Insulation and Finish System for Deep Energy Retrofits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dentz, Jordan; Podorson, David

Exterior insulation and finish systems (EIFS) are proprietary synthetic formulations that are applied to the exterior walls of buildings to serve as insulation and exterior cladding. The insulation thickness can vary from less than one inch to a foot or more. In this project the applicability of EIFS for residential deep energy retrofits was investigated through modeling and a case study home. The home was retrofitted using a site-applied four-inch-thick EIFS. Site-specific details were developed as required for the residential retrofit application. Site work and the costs of the EIFS system were documented. The demonstration home was modeled using Buildingmore » Energy Optimization energy and cost analysis software to explore cost effectiveness of various EIFS insulation thicknesses in two climate locations.« less

Cryogenic insulation standard data and methodologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Demko, J. A.; Fesmire, J. E.; Johnson, W. L.; Swanger, A. M.

2014-01-01

Although some standards exist for thermal insulation, few address the sub-ambient temperature range and cold-side temperatures below 100 K. Standards for cryogenic insulation systems require cryostat testing and data analysis that will allow the development of the tools needed by design engineers and thermal analysts for the design of practical cryogenic systems. Thus, this critically important information can provide reliable data and methodologies for industrial efficiency and energy conservation. Two Task Groups have been established in the area of cryogenic insulation systems Under ASTM International's Committee C16 on Thermal Insulation. These are WK29609 - New Standard for Thermal Performance Testing of Cryogenic Insulation Systems and WK29608 - Standard Practice for Multilayer Insulation in Cryogenic Service. The Cryogenics Test Laboratory of NASA Kennedy Space Center and the Thermal Energy Laboratory of LeTourneau University are conducting Inter-Laboratory Study (ILS) of selected insulation materials. Each lab carries out the measurements of thermal properties of these materials using identical flat-plate boil-off calorimeter instruments. Parallel testing will provide the comparisons necessary to validate the measurements and methodologies. Here we discuss test methods, some initial data in relation to the experimental approach, and the manner reporting the thermal performance data. This initial study of insulation materials for sub-ambient temperature applications is aimed at paving the way for further ILS comparative efforts that will produce standard data sets for several commercial materials. Discrepancies found between measurements will be used to improve the testing and data reduction techniques being developed as part of the future ASTM International standards.

Sensitivity of dual-wall structures under hypervelocity impact to multi-layer thermal insulation thickness and placement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schonberg, William P.

1993-04-01

Results are presented from an experimental study in which Al dual-wall structures were tested, under various high-speed impact conditions, with a view to the effect of multilayer insulation thickness and location on perforation resistance. Attention is given to comparisons of the damage sustained by dual-wall systems with multilayer insulation blankets of various thicknesses and at various locations within the dual-wall system, under comparable impact loading conditions. The placement of the insulation has a significant effect on the ballistic limit of the dual-wall structures considered, while reducing insulation thickness by as much as a third did not.

Synthesis of the Multilayer Cryogenic Insulation Modelling and Measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Polinski, J.; Chorowski, M.; Choudhury, A.; Datta, T. S.

2008-03-01

A thermodynamic approach towards insulation systems in cryogenic engineering is proposed. A mathematical model of the heat transfer through multilayer insulation (MLI) has been developed and experimentally verified. The model comprises both physical and engineering parameters determining the MLI performance and enables a complex optimization of the insulation system including the choice of the insulation location in a vacuum space. The model takes into account an interstitial (interlayer) gas pressure variation with the MLI number of layers and layers density. The paper presents the discussion of MLI performance in different conditions and provides comparison of computation results with experimental reference and measured data.

Evaluation of Test Methods To Determine the Impact Resistance of Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems (EIFS).

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

be used effectively in new construction or retrofit applications. These systems usually contain: 1. Molded expanded polystyrene insulation board (MEPS...commonly referred to as "bead board," or extruded expanded polystyrene insulation board (XEPS), commonly referred to as "blue board." 2. An...Walls ( Expanded Polystyrene Insulation Faced with a Thin Rendering), M.O.A.T. n 22, June 1988. 7 ASTM D3029-90. "Standard Test Methods for Impact

Apparatus for measurement of thermal conductivity of insulation systems subjected to extreme temperature differences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dube, W. P.; Sparks, L. L.; Slifka, A. J.; Bitsy, R. M.

1990-01-01

Advanced aerospace designs require thermal insulation systems which are consistent with cryogenic fluids, high thermal loads, and design restrictions such as weight and volume. To evaluate the thermal performance of these insulating systems, an apparatus capable of measuring thermal conductivity using extreme temperature differences (27 to 1100 K) is being developed. This system is described along with estimates of precision and accuracy in selected operating conditions. Preliminary data are presented.

Apparatus for measurement of thermal conductivity of insulation systems subjected to extreme temperature differences

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dube, W. P.; Sparks, L. L.; Slifka, A. J.; Bitsy, R. M.

Advanced aerospace designs require thermal insulation systems which are consistent with cryogenic fluids, high thermal loads, and design restrictions such as weight and volume. To evaluate the thermal performance of these insulating systems, an apparatus capable of measuring thermal conductivity using extreme temperature differences (27 to 1100 K) is being developed. This system is described along with estimates of precision and accuracy in selected operating conditions. Preliminary data are presented.

Reproducibility of neuroimaging analyses across operating systems

PubMed Central

Glatard, Tristan; Lewis, Lindsay B.; Ferreira da Silva, Rafael; Adalat, Reza; Beck, Natacha; Lepage, Claude; Rioux, Pierre; Rousseau, Marc-Etienne; Sherif, Tarek; Deelman, Ewa; Khalili-Mahani, Najmeh; Evans, Alan C.

2015-01-01

Neuroimaging pipelines are known to generate different results depending on the computing platform where they are compiled and executed. We quantify these differences for brain tissue classification, fMRI analysis, and cortical thickness (CT) extraction, using three of the main neuroimaging packages (FSL, Freesurfer and CIVET) and different versions of GNU/Linux. We also identify some causes of these differences using library and system call interception. We find that these packages use mathematical functions based on single-precision floating-point arithmetic whose implementations in operating systems continue to evolve. While these differences have little or no impact on simple analysis pipelines such as brain extraction and cortical tissue classification, their accumulation creates important differences in longer pipelines such as subcortical tissue classification, fMRI analysis, and cortical thickness extraction. With FSL, most Dice coefficients between subcortical classifications obtained on different operating systems remain above 0.9, but values as low as 0.59 are observed. Independent component analyses (ICA) of fMRI data differ between operating systems in one third of the tested subjects, due to differences in motion correction. With Freesurfer and CIVET, in some brain regions we find an effect of build or operating system on cortical thickness. A first step to correct these reproducibility issues would be to use more precise representations of floating-point numbers in the critical sections of the pipelines. The numerical stability of pipelines should also be reviewed. PMID:25964757

Reproducibility of neuroimaging analyses across operating systems.

PubMed

Glatard, Tristan; Lewis, Lindsay B; Ferreira da Silva, Rafael; Adalat, Reza; Beck, Natacha; Lepage, Claude; Rioux, Pierre; Rousseau, Marc-Etienne; Sherif, Tarek; Deelman, Ewa; Khalili-Mahani, Najmeh; Evans, Alan C

2015-01-01

Neuroimaging pipelines are known to generate different results depending on the computing platform where they are compiled and executed. We quantify these differences for brain tissue classification, fMRI analysis, and cortical thickness (CT) extraction, using three of the main neuroimaging packages (FSL, Freesurfer and CIVET) and different versions of GNU/Linux. We also identify some causes of these differences using library and system call interception. We find that these packages use mathematical functions based on single-precision floating-point arithmetic whose implementations in operating systems continue to evolve. While these differences have little or no impact on simple analysis pipelines such as brain extraction and cortical tissue classification, their accumulation creates important differences in longer pipelines such as subcortical tissue classification, fMRI analysis, and cortical thickness extraction. With FSL, most Dice coefficients between subcortical classifications obtained on different operating systems remain above 0.9, but values as low as 0.59 are observed. Independent component analyses (ICA) of fMRI data differ between operating systems in one third of the tested subjects, due to differences in motion correction. With Freesurfer and CIVET, in some brain regions we find an effect of build or operating system on cortical thickness. A first step to correct these reproducibility issues would be to use more precise representations of floating-point numbers in the critical sections of the pipelines. The numerical stability of pipelines should also be reviewed.

Spark gap switch system with condensable dielectric gas

DOEpatents

Thayer, III, William J.

1991-01-01

A spark gap switch system is disclosed which is capable of operating at a high pulse rate comprising an insulated switch housing having a purging gas entrance port and a gas exit port, a pair of spaced apart electrodes each having one end thereof within the housing and defining a spark gap therebetween, an easily condensable and preferably low molecular weight insulating gas flowing through the switch housing from the housing, a heat exchanger/condenser for condensing the insulating gas after it exits from the housing, a pump for recirculating the condensed insulating gas as a liquid back to the housing, and a heater exchanger/evaporator to vaporize at least a portion of the condensed insulating gas back into a vapor prior to flowing the insulating gas back into the housing.

76 FR 30197 - Notice of Lodging of Consent Decree Under The Clean Air Act

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-24

... Pipeline System, LLC, et al., Civil Action No. 11-CV-1188RPM-CBS was lodged with the United States District... System, LLC, Western Convenience Stores, Inc., and Offen Petroleum, Inc. (collectively, the ``Defendants... environmental mitigation project requires Rocky Mountain Pipeline System to installation a domed cover on an...

Third-Generation Partnerships for P-16 Pipelines and Cradle-through-Career Education Systems

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawson, Hal A.

2013-01-01

Amid unprecedented novelty, complexity, turbulence, and conflict, it is apparent that a new education system is needed. Focused on a new outcome--postsecondary education completion with advanced competence--heretofore separate systems for early childhood, K-12 schools, and postsecondary education are being joined in P-16 pipelines and…

30 CFR 250.910 - Which of my facilities are subject to the Platform Verification Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... pipeline risers, and riser tensioning systems (each platform must be designed to accommodate all the loads imposed by all risers and riser does not have tensioning systems);(ii) Turrets and turret-and-hull... Platform Verification Program: (i) Drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and riser tensioning systems...

Experimental Verification of a Pneumatic Transport System for the Rapid Evacuation of Tunnels, Part II - Test Program

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1978-12-01

This study is the final phase of a muck pipeline program begun in 1973. The objective of the study was to evaluate a pneumatic pipeline system for muck haulage from a tunnel excavated by a tunnel boring machine. The system was comprised of a muck pre...

Component-based control of oil-gas-water mixture composition in pipelines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voytyuk, I. N.

2018-03-01

The article theoretically proves the method for measuring the changes in content of oil, gas and water in pipelines; also the measurement system design for implementation thereof is discussed. An assessment is presented in connection with random and systemic errors for the future system, and recommendations for optimization thereof are presented.

A real-time coherent dedispersion pipeline for the giant metrewave radio telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De, Kishalay; Gupta, Yashwant

2016-02-01

A fully real-time coherent dedispersion system has been developed for the pulsar back-end at the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope (GMRT). The dedispersion pipeline uses the single phased array voltage beam produced by the existing GMRT software back-end (GSB) to produce coherently dedispersed intensity output in real time, for the currently operational bandwidths of 16 MHz and 32 MHz. Provision has also been made to coherently dedisperse voltage beam data from observations recorded on disk. We discuss the design and implementation of the real-time coherent dedispersion system, describing the steps carried out to optimise the performance of the pipeline. Presently functioning on an Intel Xeon X5550 CPU equipped with a NVIDIA Tesla C2075 GPU, the pipeline allows dispersion free, high time resolution data to be obtained in real-time. We illustrate the significant improvements over the existing incoherent dedispersion system at the GMRT, and present some preliminary results obtained from studies of pulsars using this system, demonstrating its potential as a useful tool for low frequency pulsar observations. We describe the salient features of our implementation, comparing it with other recently developed real-time coherent dedispersion systems. This implementation of a real-time coherent dedispersion pipeline for a large, low frequency array instrument like the GMRT, will enable long-term observing programs using coherent dedispersion to be carried out routinely at the observatory. We also outline the possible improvements for such a pipeline, including prospects for the upgraded GMRT which will have bandwidths about ten times larger than at present.

Accident Prevention and Diagnostics of Underground Pipeline Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Trokhimchuk, M.; Bakhracheva, Y.

2017-11-01

Up to forty thousand accidents occur annually with underground pipelines due to corrosion. The comparison of the methods for assessing the quality of anti-corrosion coating is provided. It is proposed to use the device to be tied-in to existing pipeline which has a higher functionality in comparison with other types of the devices due to the possibility of tie-in to the pipelines with different diameters. The existing technologies and applied materials allow us to organize industrial production of the proposed device.

Robust 300 C wire insulation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nairus, John G.

1994-01-01

The objective of this program is to identify, develop, and demonstrate an optimum wire insulation system that is capable of continuous operation at 300 C. The system is to possess a combination of superior electrical (AC or DC), mechanical, and physical properties over the KAPTON (trademark) derived insulations described in MIL-W-81381 and those hybrid constructions identified in Air Force contract F33615-89-C-5606, commonly known as TKT constructions.

Thin Aerogel as a Spacer in Multilayer Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moroz, Nancy

2015-01-01

Cryogenic fluid management is a critical technical area that is needed for future space exploration. A key challenge is the storability of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants for long-duration missions. The storage tanks must be well-insulated to prevent over-pressurization and venting, which can lead to unacceptable propellant losses for long-duration missions to Mars and beyond. Aspen Aerogels had validated the key process step to enable the fabrication of thin, low-density aerogel materials. The multilayer aerogel insulation (MLAI) system prototypes were prepared using sheets of aerogel materials with superior thermal performance exceeding current state-of-the-art insulation for space applications. The exceptional properties of this system include a new breakthrough in high-vacuum cryogenic thermal insulation, providing a durable material with excellent thermal performance at a reduced cost when compared to longstanding state-of-the-art multilayer insulation systems. During the Phase II project, further refinement and qualification/system-level testing of the MLAI system will be performed for use in cryogenic storage applications. Aspen has been in discussions with United Launch Alliance, LLC; NASA's Kennedy Space Center; and Yetispace, Inc., to test the MLAI system on real-world tanks such as Vibro-Acoustic Test Article (VATA) or the Cryogenic Orbital Testbed (CRYOTE).

Thin Aerogel as a Spacer in Multilayer Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moroz, Nancy

2015-01-01

Cryogenic fluid management is a critical technical area that is needed for future space exploration. A key challenge is the storability of liquid hydrogen (LH2), liquid methane (LCH4), and liquid oxygen (LOX) propellants for long-duration missions. The storage tanks must be well-insulated to prevent over-pressurization and venting, which can lead to unacceptable propellant losses for long-duration missions to Mars and beyond. Aspen Aerogels had validated the key process step to enable the fabrication of thin, low-density aerogel materials. The multilayer aerogel insulation (MLAI) system prototypes were prepared using sheets of aerogel materials with superior thermal performance exceeding current state-of-the-art insulation for space applications. The exceptional properties of this system include a new breakthrough in high-vacuum cryogenic thermal insulation, providing a durable material with excellent thermal performance at a reduced cost when compared to longstanding state-of-the-art multilayer insulation systems. During the Phase II project, further refinement and qualification/system-level testing of the MLAI system will be performed for use in cryogenic storage applications. Aspen has been in discussions with United Launch Alliance, LLC; NASA's Kennedy Space Center; and Yetispace, Inc., to test the MLAI system on rea-lworld tanks such as Vibro-Acoustic Test Article (VATA) or the Cryogenic Orbital Testbed (CRYOTE).

Next Generation Wiring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Medelius, Petro; Jolley, Scott; Fitzpatrick, Lilliana; Vinje, Rubiela; Williams, Martha; Clayton, LaNetra; Roberson, Luke; Smith, Trent; Santiago-Maldonado, Edgardo

2007-01-01

Wiring is a major operational component on aerospace hardware that accounts for substantial weight and volumetric space. Over time wire insulation can age and fail, often leading to catastrophic events such as system failure or fire. The next generation of wiring must be reliable and sustainable over long periods of time. These features will be achieved by the development of a wire insulation capable of autonomous self-healing that mitigates failure before it reaches a catastrophic level. In order to develop a self-healing insulation material, three steps must occur. First, methods of bonding similar materials must be developed that are capable of being initiated autonomously. This process will lead to the development of a manual repair system for polyimide wire insulation. Second, ways to initiate these bonding methods that lead to materials that are similar to the primary insulation must be developed. Finally, steps one and two must be integrated to produce a material that has no residues from the process that degrades the insulating properties of the final repaired insulation. The self-healing technology, teamed with the ability to identify and locate damage, will greatly improve reliability and safety of electrical wiring of critical systems. This paper will address these topics, discuss the results of preliminary testing, and remaining development issues related to self-healing wire insulation.

[Effects of functional interactions between nonhomologous insulators Wari and Su(Hw)].

PubMed

Erokhin, M M; Georgiev, P G; Chetverina, D A

2010-01-01

Insulators are regulatory DNA elements restricting gene activation by enhancers. Interactions between insulators can lead to both insulation and activation of promoters by enhancers. In this work, we analyzed the effects of interaction of two Drosophila insulators, Wari and Su(Hw). The functional interaction between these insulators was found to enhance the activity of the Su(Hw) insulator only, but not of the Wari insulator. This suggests that the formation of a chromatin loop between interacting insulators is not a key factor for enhancement of insulation, which is in disagreement with the main idea of structural models. In addition, the effect of interaction between Wari and Su(Hw) depends on a distance between them and on the position in the system relative to other regulatory elements.

Transforming microbial genotyping: a robotic pipeline for genotyping bacterial strains.

PubMed

O'Farrell, Brian; Haase, Jana K; Velayudhan, Vimalkumar; Murphy, Ronan A; Achtman, Mark

2012-01-01

Microbial genotyping increasingly deals with large numbers of samples, and data are commonly evaluated by unstructured approaches, such as spread-sheets. The efficiency, reliability and throughput of genotyping would benefit from the automation of manual manipulations within the context of sophisticated data storage. We developed a medium- throughput genotyping pipeline for MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of bacterial pathogens. This pipeline was implemented through a combination of four automated liquid handling systems, a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) consisting of a variety of dedicated commercial operating systems and programs, including a Sample Management System, plus numerous Python scripts. All tubes and microwell racks were bar-coded and their locations and status were recorded in the LIMS. We also created a hierarchical set of items that could be used to represent bacterial species, their products and experiments. The LIMS allowed reliable, semi-automated, traceable bacterial genotyping from initial single colony isolation and sub-cultivation through DNA extraction and normalization to PCRs, sequencing and MLST sequence trace evaluation. We also describe robotic sequencing to facilitate cherrypicking of sequence dropouts. This pipeline is user-friendly, with a throughput of 96 strains within 10 working days at a total cost of < €25 per strain. Since developing this pipeline, >200,000 items were processed by two to three people. Our sophisticated automated pipeline can be implemented by a small microbiology group without extensive external support, and provides a general framework for semi-automated bacterial genotyping of large numbers of samples at low cost.

Transforming Microbial Genotyping: A Robotic Pipeline for Genotyping Bacterial Strains

PubMed Central

Velayudhan, Vimalkumar; Murphy, Ronan A.; Achtman, Mark

2012-01-01

Microbial genotyping increasingly deals with large numbers of samples, and data are commonly evaluated by unstructured approaches, such as spread-sheets. The efficiency, reliability and throughput of genotyping would benefit from the automation of manual manipulations within the context of sophisticated data storage. We developed a medium- throughput genotyping pipeline for MultiLocus Sequence Typing (MLST) of bacterial pathogens. This pipeline was implemented through a combination of four automated liquid handling systems, a Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) consisting of a variety of dedicated commercial operating systems and programs, including a Sample Management System, plus numerous Python scripts. All tubes and microwell racks were bar-coded and their locations and status were recorded in the LIMS. We also created a hierarchical set of items that could be used to represent bacterial species, their products and experiments. The LIMS allowed reliable, semi-automated, traceable bacterial genotyping from initial single colony isolation and sub-cultivation through DNA extraction and normalization to PCRs, sequencing and MLST sequence trace evaluation. We also describe robotic sequencing to facilitate cherrypicking of sequence dropouts. This pipeline is user-friendly, with a throughput of 96 strains within 10 working days at a total cost of < €25 per strain. Since developing this pipeline, >200,000 items were processed by two to three people. Our sophisticated automated pipeline can be implemented by a small microbiology group without extensive external support, and provides a general framework for semi-automated bacterial genotyping of large numbers of samples at low cost. PMID:23144721

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thaule, S.B.; Postvoll, W.

Installation by den norske stats oljeselskap A.S. (Statoil) of a powerful pipeline-modeling system on Zeepipe has allowed this major North Sea gas pipeline to meet the growing demands and seasonal variations of the European gas market. The Troll gas-sales agreement (TGSA) in 1986 called for large volumes of Norwegian gas to begin arriving from the North Sea Sleipner East field in october 1993. It is important to Statoil to maintain regular gas delivers from its integrated transport network. In addition, high utilization of transport capacity maximizes profits. In advance of operations, Statoil realized that state-of-the-art supervisory control and data acquisitionmore » (scada) and pipeline-modeling systems (PMS) would be necessary to meet its goals and to remain the most efficient North Sea operator. The paper describes the linking of Troll and Zeebrugge, contractual issues, the supervisory system, the scada module, pipeline modeling, real-time model, look-ahead model, predictive model, and model performance.« less

Hardware/software codesign for embedded RISC core

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Peng

2001-12-01

This paper describes hardware/software codesign method of the extendible embedded RISC core VIRGO, which based on MIPS-I instruction set architecture. VIRGO is described by Verilog hardware description language that has five-stage pipeline with shared 32-bit cache/memory interface, and it is controlled by distributed control scheme. Every pipeline stage has one small controller, which controls the pipeline stage status and cooperation among the pipeline phase. Since description use high level language and structure is distributed, VIRGO core has highly extension that can meet the requirements of application. We take look at the high-definition television MPEG2 MPHL decoder chip, constructed the hardware/software codesign virtual prototyping machine that can research on VIRGO core instruction set architecture, and system on chip memory size requirements, and system on chip software, etc. We also can evaluate the system on chip design and RISC instruction set based on the virtual prototyping machine platform.

USSR Report, Energy, No. 163.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-10-24

Gas Transport System Examined (R. Verdiyan; VYSHKA, 26 Jul 83).. 40 National Pipeline Transport System Examined (L. Korenev ; SOVETSKAYA...SOVETSKAYA LATVIYA in Russian 9 Aug 83 p 2 /Article by L. Korenev : "The Country’s Pipeline TransportV /Text/ The Soviet Union produces more steel pipes

USAF/WL robust 300 C wire insulation system program status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wong, Wing

1995-01-01

The objective of this program is to identify, develop, and demonstrate an optimum wire insulation system capable of continuous operation at 300 C which possesses a combination of superior electrical (AC or DC), mechanical, and physical properties over Kapton derived insulations described in MIL-W-81381 and those hybrid materials commonly known as TKT constructions.

USAF/WL robust 300 C wire insulation system program status

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Wing

1995-11-01

The objective of this program is to identify, develop, and demonstrate an optimum wire insulation system capable of continuous operation at 300 C which possesses a combination of superior electrical (AC or DC), mechanical, and physical properties over Kapton derived insulations described in MIL-W-81381 and those hybrid materials commonly known as TKT constructions.

77 FR 66454 - Gulf LNG Liquefaction Company, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-05

... integrated U.S. natural gas pipeline system. GLLC notes that due to the Gulf LNG Terminal's direct access to multiple major interstate pipelines and indirect access to the national gas pipeline grid, the Project's... possible impacts that the Export Project might have on natural gas supply and pricing. Navigant's analysis...

78 FR 13330 - Pangea LNG (North America) Holdings, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-27

..., of pipeline- quality natural gas. Pangea states that such gas will be delivered to the ST LNG Project... systems \\4\\ via the South Texas Pipeline, thereby allowing natural gas to be supplied through displacement... the siting, construction, and operation of an affiliated natural gas pipeline that will bring feed gas...

77 FR 5472 - Pipeline Safety: Expanding the Use of Excess Flow Valves in Gas Distribution Systems to...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-03

..., Regulatory Certainty, and Job Creation Act of 2011 (PL112-90), have imposed additional demands on their... DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration 49 CFR Part 192 [Docket ID PHMSA-2011-0009] RIN 2137-AE71 Pipeline Safety: Expanding the Use of Excess Flow Valves...

(Un)Doing Hegemony in Education: Disrupting School-to-Prison Pipelines for Black Males

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dancy, T. Elon, II

2014-01-01

The school-to-prison pipeline refers to the disturbing national trend in which children are funneled out of public schools and into juvenile and criminal justice systems. The purpose of this article is to theorize how this pipeline fulfills societal commitments to black male over-incarceration. First, the author reviews the troublesome perceptions…

78 FR 144 - Application for a Presidential Permit To Operate and Maintain Pipeline Facilities on the Border...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-02

... integrated pipeline system which connects producers and shippers of crude oil and natural gas liquids in....enbridgepartners.com ). Enbridge Partners provides pipeline transportation of petroleum and natural gas in the mid... or importation of liquid petroleum, petroleum products, or other non-gaseous fuels to or from a...

77 FR 68115 - Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C.; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-15

...] Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C.; Notice of Application Take notice that on November 1, 2012, Millennium Pipeline Company, L.L.C. (Millennium), One Blue Hill Plaza, Seventh Floor, P.O. Box 1565, Pearl River, New... system to the existing interconnection with Algonquin Gas Transmission, L.L.C. in Ramapo, New York and...

Interior thermal insulation systems for historical building envelopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jerman, Miloš; Solař, Miloš; Černý, Robert

2017-11-01

The design specifics of interior thermal insulation systems applied for historical building envelopes are described. The vapor-tight systems and systems based on capillary thermal insulation materials are taken into account as two basic options differing in building-physical considerations. The possibilities of hygrothermal analysis of renovated historical envelopes including laboratory methods, computer simulation techniques, and in-situ tests are discussed. It is concluded that the application of computational models for hygrothermal assessment of interior thermal insulation systems should always be performed with a particular care. On one hand, they present a very effective tool for both service life assessment and possible planning of subsequent reconstructions. On the other, the hygrothermal analysis of any historical building can involve quite a few potential uncertainties which may affect negatively the accuracy of obtained results.

Light valve based on nonimaging optics with potential application in cold climate greenhouses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valerio, Angel A.; Mossman, Michele A.; Whitehead, Lorne A.

2014-09-01

We have evaluated a new concept for a variable light valve and thermal insulation system based on nonimaging optics. The system incorporates compound parabolic concentrators and can readily be switched between an open highly light transmissive state and a closed highly thermally insulating state. This variable light valve makes the transition between high thermal insulation and efficient light transmittance practical and may be useful in plant growth environments to provide both adequate sunlight illumination and thermal insulation as needed. We have measured light transmittance values exceeding 80% for the light valve design and achieved thermal insulation values substantially exceeding those of traditional energy efficient windows. The light valve system presented in this paper represents a potential solution for greenhouse food production in locations where greenhouses are not feasible economically due to high heating cost.

Assessing fugitive emissions of CH4 from high-pressure gas pipelines in the UK

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clancy, S.; Worrall, F.; Davies, R. J.; Almond, S.; Boothroyd, I.

2016-12-01

Concern over the greenhouse gas impact of the exploitation of unconventional natural gas from shale deposits has caused a spotlight to be shone on to the entire hydrocarbon industry. Numerous studies have developed life-cycle emissions inventories to assess the impact that hydraulic fracturing has upon greenhouse gas emissions. Incorporated within life-cycle assessments are transmission and distribution losses, including infrastructure such as pipelines and compressor stations that pressurise natural gas for transport along pipelines. Estimates of fugitive emissions from transmission, storage and distribution have been criticized for reliance on old data from inappropriate sources (1970s Russian gas pipelines). In this study, we investigate fugitive emissions of CH4 from the UK high pressure national transmission system. The study took two approaches. Firstly, CH4 concentration is detected by driving along roads bisecting high pressure gas pipelines and also along an equivalent distance along a route where no high pressure gas pipeline was nearby. Five pipelines and five equivalent control routes were driven and the test was that CH4 measurements, when adjusted for distance and wind speed, should be greater on any route with a pipe than any route without a pipe. Secondly, 5 km of a high pressure gas pipeline and 5 km of equivalent farmland, were walked and soil gas (above the pipeline where present) was analysed every 7 m using a tunable diode laser. When wind adjusted 92 km of high pressure pipeline and 72 km of control route were drive over a 10 day period. When wind and distance adjusted CH4 fluxes were significantly greater on routes with a pipeline than those without. The smallest leak detectable was 3% above ambient (1.03 relative concentration) with any leaks below 3% above ambient assumed ambient. The number of leaks detected along the pipelines correlate to the estimated length of pipe joints, inferring that there are constant fugitive CH4 emissions from these joints. When scaled up to the UK's National Transmission System pipeline length of 7600 km gives a fugitive CH4 flux of 62.6 kt CH4/yr with a CO2 equivalent of 1570 kt CO2eq/yr - this fugitive emission from high pressure pipelines is 0.14% of the annual gas supply.

Method of testing gas insulated systems for the presence of conducting particles utilizing a gas mixture of nitrogen and sulfur hexafluoride

DOEpatents

Wootton, Roy E.

1979-01-01

A method of testing a gas insulated system for the presence of conducting particles. The method includes inserting a gaseous mixture comprising about 98 volume percent nitrogen and about 2 volume percent sulfur hexafluoride into the gas insulated system at a pressure greater than 60 lb./sq. in. gauge, and then applying a test voltage to the system. If particles are present within the system, the gaseous mixture will break down, providing an indicator of the presence of the particles.

Bulk and edge spin transport in topological magnon insulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rückriegel, Andreas; Brataas, Arne; Duine, Rembert A.

2018-02-01

We investigate the spin transport properties of a topological magnon insulator, a magnetic insulator characterized by topologically nontrivial bulk magnon bands and protected magnon edge modes located in the bulk band gaps. Employing the Landau-Lifshitz-Gilbert phenomenology, we calculate the spin current driven through a normal metal |topological magnon insulator |normal metal heterostructure by a spin accumulation imbalance between the metals, with and without random lattice defects. We show that bulk and edge transport are characterized by different length scales. This results in a characteristic system size where the magnon transport crosses over from being bulk dominated for small systems to edge dominated for larger systems. These findings are generic and relevant for topological transport in systems of nonconserved bosons.

Producing the high temperature reusable surface insulation for the thermal protection system of the Space Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Forgsberg, K.

1979-01-01

The primary insulation system used to protect the space shuttle orbiter on reentry is an externally attached, rigidized, fibrous silica which has been machined into tiles. The tiles constitute the temperature reusable surface insulation system and are used on over 70 percent of the vehicle exterior surface where peak temperatures range from 400 to 1260 C. Cargon-carbon leading edges are used in areas where peak temperatures exceed 1650 C and a felt flexible insulation is used in regions below 400 C. Approximately 32,000 tiles are used in the HRST system and because of vehicle configuration, aerodynamic requirements, and weight considerations no two tiles are alike. Fabrication and quality control procedures are described.

Method and apparatus for filling thermal insulating systems

DOEpatents

Arasteh, Dariush K.

1992-01-01

A method for filling insulated glazing units is disclosed. The method utilizes a vacuum chamber in which the insulated glazing units are placed. The insulated glazing units and vacuum chamber are evacuated simultaneously. The units are then refilled with a low conductance gas such as Krypton while the chamber is simultaneously refilled with air.

Towards detection of pipeline integrity threats using a smart fiber optic surveillance system: PIT-STOP project blind field test results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tejedor, J.; Macias-Guarasa, J.; Martins, H. F.; Piote, D.; Pastor-Graells, J.; Martin-Lopez, S.; Corredera, P.; De Pauw, G.; De Smet, F.; Postvoll, W.; Ahlen, C. H.; Gonzalez-Herraez, M.

2017-04-01

This paper presents the first report on on-line and final blind field test results of a pipeline integrity threat surveillance system. The system integrates a machine+activity identification mode, and a threat detection mode. Two different pipeline sections were selected for the blind tests: One close to the sensor position, and the other 35 km away from it. Results of the machine+activity identification mode showed that about 46% of the times the machine, the activity or both were correctly identified. For the threat detection mode, 8 out of 10 threats were correctly detected, with 1 false alarm.

Reflective Coating on Fibrous Insulation for Reduced Heat Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hass, Derek D.; Prasad, B. Durga; Glass, David E.; Wiedemann, Karl E.

1997-01-01

Radiative heat transfer through fibrous insulation used in thermal protection systems (TPS) is significant at high temperatures (1200 C). Decreasing the radiative heat transfer through the fibrous insulation can thus have a major impact on the insulating ability of the TPS. Reflective coatings applied directly to the individual fibers in fibrous insulation should decrease the radiative heat transfer leading to an insulation with decreased effective thermal conductivity. Coatings with high infrared reflectance have been developed using sol-gel techniques. Using this technique, uniform coatings can be applied to fibrous insulation without an appreciable increase in insulation weight or density. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry have been performed to evaluate coating performance.

19. PIPELINE INTERSECTION AT THE MOUTH OF WAIKOLU VALLEY ON ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. PIPELINE INTERSECTION AT THE MOUTH OF WAIKOLU VALLEY ON THE BEACH. VALVE AT RIGHT (WITH WRENCH NEARBY) OPENS TO FLUSH VALLEY SYSTEM OUT. VALVE AT LEFT CLOSES TO KEEP WATER FROM ENTERING SYSTEM ALONG THE PALI DURING REPAIRS. - Kalaupapa Water Supply System, Waikolu Valley to Kalaupapa Settlement, Island of Molokai, Kalaupapa, Kalawao County, HI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dawn Lenz; Raymond T. Lines; Darryl Murdock

ITT Industries Space Systems Division (Space Systems) has developed an airborne natural gas leak detection system designed to detect, image, quantify, and precisely locate leaks from natural gas transmission pipelines. This system is called the Airborne Natural Gas Emission Lidar (ANGEL) system. The ANGEL system uses a highly sensitive differential absorption Lidar technology to remotely detect pipeline leaks. The ANGEL System is operated from a fixed wing aircraft and includes automatic scanning, pointing system, and pilot guidance systems. During a pipeline inspection, the ANGEL system aircraft flies at an elevation of 1000 feet above the ground at speeds of betweenmore » 100 and 150 mph. Under this contract with DOE/NETL, Space Systems was funded to integrate the ANGEL sensor into a test aircraft and conduct a series of flight tests over a variety of test targets including simulated natural gas pipeline leaks. Following early tests in upstate New York in the summer of 2004, the ANGEL system was deployed to Casper, Wyoming to participate in a set of DOE-sponsored field tests at the Rocky Mountain Oilfield Testing Center (RMOTC). At RMOTC the Space Systems team completed integration of the system and flew an operational system for the first time. The ANGEL system flew 2 missions/day for the duration for the 5-day test. Over the course of the week the ANGEL System detected leaks ranging from 100 to 5,000 scfh.« less

The pipeline system for Octave and Matlab (PSOM): a lightweight scripting framework and execution engine for scientific workflows.

PubMed

Bellec, Pierre; Lavoie-Courchesne, Sébastien; Dickinson, Phil; Lerch, Jason P; Zijdenbos, Alex P; Evans, Alan C

2012-01-01

The analysis of neuroimaging databases typically involves a large number of inter-connected steps called a pipeline. The pipeline system for Octave and Matlab (PSOM) is a flexible framework for the implementation of pipelines in the form of Octave or Matlab scripts. PSOM does not introduce new language constructs to specify the steps and structure of the workflow. All steps of analysis are instead described by a regular Matlab data structure, documenting their associated command and options, as well as their input, output, and cleaned-up files. The PSOM execution engine provides a number of automated services: (1) it executes jobs in parallel on a local computing facility as long as the dependencies between jobs allow for it and sufficient resources are available; (2) it generates a comprehensive record of the pipeline stages and the history of execution, which is detailed enough to fully reproduce the analysis; (3) if an analysis is started multiple times, it executes only the parts of the pipeline that need to be reprocessed. PSOM is distributed under an open-source MIT license and can be used without restriction for academic or commercial projects. The package has no external dependencies besides Matlab or Octave, is straightforward to install and supports of variety of operating systems (Linux, Windows, Mac). We ran several benchmark experiments on a public database including 200 subjects, using a pipeline for the preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). The benchmark results showed that PSOM is a powerful solution for the analysis of large databases using local or distributed computing resources.

The pipeline system for Octave and Matlab (PSOM): a lightweight scripting framework and execution engine for scientific workflows

PubMed Central

Bellec, Pierre; Lavoie-Courchesne, Sébastien; Dickinson, Phil; Lerch, Jason P.; Zijdenbos, Alex P.; Evans, Alan C.

2012-01-01

The analysis of neuroimaging databases typically involves a large number of inter-connected steps called a pipeline. The pipeline system for Octave and Matlab (PSOM) is a flexible framework for the implementation of pipelines in the form of Octave or Matlab scripts. PSOM does not introduce new language constructs to specify the steps and structure of the workflow. All steps of analysis are instead described by a regular Matlab data structure, documenting their associated command and options, as well as their input, output, and cleaned-up files. The PSOM execution engine provides a number of automated services: (1) it executes jobs in parallel on a local computing facility as long as the dependencies between jobs allow for it and sufficient resources are available; (2) it generates a comprehensive record of the pipeline stages and the history of execution, which is detailed enough to fully reproduce the analysis; (3) if an analysis is started multiple times, it executes only the parts of the pipeline that need to be reprocessed. PSOM is distributed under an open-source MIT license and can be used without restriction for academic or commercial projects. The package has no external dependencies besides Matlab or Octave, is straightforward to install and supports of variety of operating systems (Linux, Windows, Mac). We ran several benchmark experiments on a public database including 200 subjects, using a pipeline for the preprocessing of functional magnetic resonance images (fMRI). The benchmark results showed that PSOM is a powerful solution for the analysis of large databases using local or distributed computing resources. PMID:22493575

49 CFR 195.402 - Procedural manual for operations, maintenance, and emergencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... effective. This manual shall be prepared before initial operations of a pipeline system commence, and... in a timely and effective manner. (3) Operating, maintaining, and repairing the pipeline system in... public officials to learn the responsibility and resources of each government organization that may...

GREENHOUSE GAS (GHG) VERIFICATION GUIDELINE SERIES: ANR Pipeline Company PARAMETRIC EMISSIONS MONITORING SYSTEM (PEMS) VERSION 1.0

EPA Science Inventory

The Environmental Technology Verification report discusses the technology and performance of the Parametric Emissions Monitoring System (PEMS) manufactured by ANR Pipeline Company, a subsidiary of Coastal Corporation, now El Paso Corporation. The PEMS predicts carbon doixide (CO2...

78 FR 39717 - Iroquois Gas Transmission System, LP; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-02

... associated with these new and modified facilities to Constitution Pipeline Company, LLC (Constitution), a... to establish a new receipt interconnection with Constitution and create an incremental 650,000... Constitution to interconnections with Iroquois' mainline system as well as Tennessee Gas Pipeline Company, LLC...

49 CFR 191.12 - Distribution Systems: Mechanical Fitting Failure Reports

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Distribution Systems: Mechanical Fitting Failure Reports 191.12 Section 191.12 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) PIPELINE SAFETY TRANSPORTATION OF NATURAL AND OTHER...

Turning Noise into Signal: Utilizing Impressed Pipeline Currents for EM Exploration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindau, Tobias; Becken, Michael

2017-04-01

Impressed Current Cathodic Protection (ICCP) systems are extensively used for the protection of central Europe's dense network of oil-, gas- and water pipelines against destruction by electrochemical corrosion. While ICCP systems usually provide protection by injecting a DC current into the pipeline, mandatory pipeline integrity surveys demand a periodical switching of the current. Consequently, the resulting time varying pipe currents induce secondary electric- and magnetic fields in the surrounding earth. While these fields are usually considered to be unwanted cultural noise in electromagnetic exploration, this work aims at utilizing the fields generated by the ICCP system for determining the electrical resistivity of the subsurface. The fundamental period of the switching cycles typically amounts to 15 seconds in Germany and thereby roughly corresponds to periods used in controlled source EM applications (CSEM). For detailed studies we chose an approximately 30km long pipeline segment near Herford, Germany as a test site. The segment is located close to the southern margin of the Lower Saxony Basin (LSB) and part of a larger gas pipeline composed of multiple segments. The current injected into the pipeline segment originates in a rectified 50Hz AC signal which is periodically switched on and off. In contrast to the usual dipole sources used in CSEM surveys, the current distribution along the pipeline is unknown and expected to be non-uniform due to coating defects that cause current to leak into the surrounding soil. However, an accurate current distribution is needed to model the fields generated by the pipeline source. We measured the magnetic fields at several locations above the pipeline and used Biot-Savarts-Law to estimate the currents decay function. The resulting frequency dependent current distribution shows a current decay away from the injection point as well as a frequency dependent phase shift which is increasing with distance from the injection point. Electric field data were recorded at 45 stations located in an area of about 60 square kilometers in the vicinity to the pipeline. Additionally, the injected source current was recorded directly at the injection point. Transfer functions between the local electric fields and the injected source current are estimated for frequencies ranging from 0.03Hz to 15Hz using robust time series processing techniques. The resulting transfer functions are inverted for a 3D conductivity model of the subsurface using an elaborate pipeline model. We interpret the model with regards to the local geologic setting, demonstrating the methods capabilities to image the subsurface.

Designing a reliable leak bio-detection system for natural gas pipelines.

PubMed

Batzias, F A; Siontorou, C G; Spanidis, P-M P

2011-02-15

Monitoring of natural gas (NG) pipelines is an important task for economical/safety operation, loss prevention and environmental protection. Timely and reliable leak detection of gas pipeline, therefore, plays a key role in the overall integrity management for the pipeline system. Owing to the various limitations of the currently available techniques and the surveillance area that needs to be covered, the research on new detector systems is still thriving. Biosensors are worldwide considered as a niche technology in the environmental market, since they afford the desired detector capabilities at low cost, provided they have been properly designed/developed and rationally placed/networked/maintained by the aid of operational research techniques. This paper addresses NG leakage surveillance through a robust cooperative/synergistic scheme between biosensors and conventional detector systems; the network is validated in situ and optimized in order to provide reliable information at the required granularity level. The proposed scheme is substantiated through a knowledge based approach and relies on Fuzzy Multicriteria Analysis (FMCA), for selecting the best biosensor design that suits both, the target analyte and the operational micro-environment. This approach is illustrated in the design of leak surveying over a pipeline network in Greece. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Rain erosion considerations for launch vehicle insulation systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daniels, D. J.; Sieker, W. D.

1977-01-01

In recent years the Delta launch vehicle has incorporated the capability to be launched through rain. This capability was developed to eliminate a design constraint which could result in a costly launch delay. This paper presents the methodology developed to implement rain erosion protection for the insulated exterior vehicle surfaces. The effect of the interaction between insulation material rain erosion resistance, rainstorm models, surface geometry and trajectory variations is examined. It is concluded that rain erosion can significantly impact the performance of launch vehicle insulation systems and should be considered in their design.

Low-dielectric constant insulators for future integrated circuits and packages.

PubMed

Kohl, Paul A

2011-01-01

Future integrated circuits and packages will require extraordinary dielectric materials for interconnects to allow transistor advances to be translated into system-level advances. Exceedingly low-permittivity and low-loss materials are required at every level of the electronic system, from chip-level insulators to packages and printed wiring boards. In this review, the requirements and goals for future insulators are discussed followed by a summary of current state-of-the-art materials and technical approaches. Much work needs to be done for insulating materials and structures to meet future needs.

Use of FBG sensors for health monitoring of pipelines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Felli, Ferdinando; Paolozzi, Antonio; Vendittozzi, Cristian; Paris, Claudio; Asanuma, Hiroshi

2016-04-01

The infrastructures for oil and gas production and distribution need reliable monitoring systems. The risks for pipelines, in particular, are not only limited to natural disasters (landslides, earthquakes, extreme environmental conditions) and accidents, but involve also the damages related to criminal activities, such as oil theft. The existing monitoring systems are not adequate for detecting damages from oil theft, and in several occasion the illegal activities resulted in leakage of oil and catastrophic environmental pollution. Systems based on fiber optic FBG (Fiber Bragg Grating) sensors present a number of advantages for pipeline monitoring. FBG sensors can withstand harsh environment, are immune to interferences, and can be used to develop a smart system for monitoring at the same time several physical characteristics, such as strain, temperature, acceleration, pressure, and vibrations. The monitoring station can be positioned tens of kilometers away from the measuring points, lowering the costs and the complexity of the system. This paper describes tests on a sensor, based on FBG technology, developed specifically for detecting damages of pipeline due to illegal activities (drilling of the pipes), that can be integrated into a smart monitoring chain.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carter, E.E.; Welty, B.D.

Molten wax shows considerable promise as a fixative and dust control agent in demolition of radioactively contaminated facilities. Sticky molten wax, modified with special surfactants and wetting agents, is capable of not only coating materials but also penetrating into friable or dusty materials and making them incapable of becoming airborne during demolition. Wax also shows significant promise for stabilization of waste residuals that may be contained in buildings undergoing demolition. Some of the building materials that have been tested to date include concrete, wood, sheet rock, fiber insulation, lime, rock, and paper. Protective clothing, clay, sand, sulfur, and bentonite claymore » have been tested as surrogates for certain waste materials that may be encountered during building demolition. The paper describes several potential applications of molten wax for dust control in demolition of radioactive contaminated facilities. As a case-study, this paper describes a research test performed for a pipeline closure project being completed by the Idaho Cleanup Project at the Idaho National Laboratory. The project plans to excavate and remove a section of buried Duriron drain piping containing highly radioactive and friable and 'flighty' waste residuals. A full-scale pipeline mockup containing simulated waste was buried in sand to simulate the direct buried subsurface condition of the subject piping. The pipeline was pre-heated by drawing hot air through the line with a HEPA vacuum blower unit. Molten wax was pumped into the line and allowed to cool. The line was then broken apart in various places to evaluate the permeation performance of the wax. The wax fully permeated all the surrogate materials rendering them non-friable with a consistency similar to modeling clay. Based on the performance during the mockup, it is anticipated that the wax will be highly effective in controlling the spread of radiological contamination during pipe demolition activities. (authors)« less

Improved Thermal-Insulation Systems for Low Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesmire, James E.; Augustynowicz, Stanislaw D.

2003-01-01

Improved thermal-insulation materials and structures and the techniques for manufacturing them are undergoing development for use in low-temperature applications. Examples of low-temperature equipment for which these thermal insulation systems could provide improved energy efficiency include storage tanks for cryogens, superconducting electric-power-transmission equipment, containers for transport of food and other perishable commodities, and cold boxes for low-temperature industrial processes. These systems could also be used to insulate piping used to transfer cryogens and other fluids, such as liquefied natural gas, refrigerants, chilled water, crude oil, or low-pressure steam. The present thermal-insulation systems are layer composites based partly on the older class of thermal-insulation systems denoted generally as multilayer insulation (MLI). A typical MLI structure includes an evacuated jacket, within which many layers of radiation shields are stacked or wrapped close together. Low-thermal-conductivity spacers are typically placed between the reflection layers to keep them from touching. MLI can work very well when a high vacuum level (less than 10(exp-4) torr) is maintained and utmost care is taken during installation, but its thermal performance deteriorates sharply as the pressure in the evacuated space rises into the soft vacuum range [pressures greater than 0.1 torr (greater than 13 Pa)]. In addition, the thermal performance of MLI is extremely sensitive to mechanical compression and edge effects and can easily decrease from one to two orders of magnitude from its ideal value even when the MLI is kept under high vacuum condition. The present thermal-insulation systems are designed to perform well under soft vacuum level, in particular the range of 1 to 10 torr. They are also designed with larger interlayer spacings to reduce vulnerability to compression (and consequent heat leak) caused by installation and use. The superiority of these systems is the synergistic effect of improvements in materials, design, and manufacture.

The Calibration Reference Data System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greenfield, P.; Miller, T.

2016-07-01

We describe a software architecture and implementation for using rules to determine which calibration files are appropriate for calibrating a given observation. This new system, the Calibration Reference Data System (CRDS), replaces what had been previously used for the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) calibration pipelines, the Calibration Database System (CDBS). CRDS will be used for the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) calibration pipelines, and is currently being used for HST calibration pipelines. CRDS can be easily generalized for use in similar applications that need a rules-based system for selecting the appropriate item for a given dataset; we give some examples of such generalizations that will likely be used for JWST. The core functionality of the Calibration Reference Data System is available under an Open Source license. CRDS is briefly contrasted with a sampling of other similar systems used at other observatories.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loh, Yen Lee; Randeria, Mohit; Trivedi, Nandini

The direct transition from an insulator to a superconductor (SC) in Fermi systems is a problem of long-standing interest, which necessarily goes beyond the standard BCS paradigm of superconductivity as a Fermi surface instability. We introduce here a simple, translationally invariant lattice fermion model that undergoes a SC-insulator transition (SIT) and elucidate its properties using analytical methods and quantum Monte Carlo simulations. We show that there is a fermionic band insulator to bosonic insulator crossover in the insulating phase and a BCS-to-BEC crossover in the SC. The SIT is always found to be from a bosonic insulator to a BEC-likemore » SC, with an energy gap for fermions that remains finite across the SIT. Hence, the energy scales that go critical at the SIT are the gap to pair excitations in the insulator and the superfluid stiffness in the SC. In addition to giving insight into important questions about the SIT in solid-state systems, our model should be experimentally realizable using ultracold fermions in optical lattices.« less

Recent Progress in Electrical Insulation Techniques for HTS Power Apparatus

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hayakawa, Naoki; Kojima, Hiroki; Hanai, Masahiro; Okubo, Hitoshi

This paper describes the electrical insulation techniques at cryogenic temperatures, i.e. Cryodielectrics, for HTS power apparatus, e.g. HTS power transmission cables, transformers, fault current limiters and SMES. Breakdown and partial discharge characteristics are discussed for different electrical insulation configurations of LN2, sub-cooled LN2, solid, vacuum and their composite insulation systems. Dynamic and static insulation performances with and without taking account of quench in HTS materials are also introduced.

Recent Ground Hold and Rapid Depressurization Testing of Multilayer Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Wesley L.

2014-01-01

In the development of flight insulation systems for large cryogenic orbital storage (spray on foam and multilayer insulation), testing need include all environments that are experienced during flight. While large efforts have been expended on studying, bounding, and modeling the orbital performance of the insulation systems, little effort has been expended on the ground hold and ascent phases of a mission. Historical cryogenic in-space systems that have flown have been able to ignore these phases of flight due to the insulation system being within a vacuum jacket. In the development phase of the Nuclear Mars Vehicle and the Shuttle Nuclear Vehicle, several insulation systems were evaluated for the full mission cycle. Since that time there had been minimal work on these phases of flight until the Constellation program began investigating cryogenic service modules and long duration upper stages. With the inception of the Cryogenic Propellant Storage and Transfer Technology Demonstration Mission, a specific need was seen for the data and as such, several tests were added to the Cryogenic Boil-off Reduction System liquid hydrogen test matrix to provide more data on a insulation system. Testing was attempted with both gaseous nitrogen (GN2) and gaseous helium (GHe) backfills. The initial tests with nitrogen backfill were not successfully completed due to nitrogen liquefaction and solidification preventing the rapid pumpdown of the vacuum chamber. Subsequent helium backfill tests were successful and showed minimal degradation. The results are compared to the historical data.

Combined solar collector and energy storage system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jensen, R. N. (Inventor)

1980-01-01

A combined solar energy collector, fluid chiller and energy storage system is disclosed. A movable interior insulated panel in a storage tank is positionable flush against the storage tank wall to insulate the tank for energy storage. The movable interior insulated panel is alternately positionable to form a solar collector or fluid chiller through which the fluid flows by natural circulation.

Numerical Modeling of Mechanical Behavior for Buried Steel Pipelines Crossing Subsidence Strata

PubMed Central

Han, C. J.

2015-01-01

This paper addresses the mechanical behavior of buried steel pipeline crossing subsidence strata. The investigation is based on numerical simulation of the nonlinear response of the pipeline-soil system through finite element method, considering large strain and displacement, inelastic material behavior of buried pipeline and the surrounding soil, as well as contact and friction on the pipeline-soil interface. Effects of key parameters on the mechanical behavior of buried pipeline were investigated, such as strata subsidence, diameter-thickness ratio, buried depth, internal pressure, friction coefficient and soil properties. The results show that the maximum strain appears on the outer transition subsidence section of the pipeline, and its cross section is concave shaped. With the increasing of strata subsidence and diameter-thickness ratio, the out of roundness, longitudinal strain and equivalent plastic strain increase gradually. With the buried depth increasing, the deflection, out of roundness and strain of the pipeline decrease. Internal pressure and friction coefficient have little effect on the deflection of buried pipeline. Out of roundness is reduced and the strain is increased gradually with the increasing of internal pressure. The physical properties of soil have a great influence on the mechanical properties of buried pipeline. The results from the present study can be used for the development of optimization design and preventive maintenance for buried steel pipelines. PMID:26103460

Frost as an insulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bronson, J. C.

1970-01-01

Insulating qualities of frost and mechanisms for using frost in specific applications in controlled experiments are discussed. With available supply of moist air, frost possesses inherent advantage of easy insulation of cryogenic lines and improvement of overall system efficiency.

Aerogel Insulation Systems for Space Launch Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesmire, James E.

2005-01-01

New developments in materials science in the areas of solution gelation processes and nanotechnology have led to the recent commercial production of aerogels. Concurrent with these advancements has been the development of new approaches to cryogenic thermal insulation systems. For example, thermal and physical characterizations of aerogel beads under cryogenic-vacuum conditions have been performed at the Cryogenics Test Laboratory of the NASA Kennedy Space Center. Aerogel-based insulation system demonstrations have also been conducted to improve performance for space launch applications. Subscale cryopumping experiments show the thermal insulating ability of these fully breathable nanoporous materials. For a properly executed thermal insulation system, these breathable aerogel systems are shown to not cryopump beyond the initial cooldown and thermal stabilization phase. New applications are being developed to augment the thermal protection systems of space launch vehicles, including the Space Shuttle External Tank. These applications include a cold-boundary temperature of 90 K with an ambient air environment in which both weather and flight aerodynamics are important considerations. Another application is a nitrogen-purged environment with a cold-boundary temperature of 20 K where both initial cooldown and launch ascent profiles must be considered. Experimental results and considerations for these flight system applications are discussed.

Emergence, evolution, and control of multistability in a hybrid topological quantum/classical system.

PubMed

Wang, Guanglei; Xu, Hongya; Lai, Ying-Cheng

2018-03-01

We present a novel class of nonlinear dynamical systems-a hybrid of relativistic quantum and classical systems and demonstrate that multistability is ubiquitous. A representative setting is coupled systems of a topological insulator and an insulating ferromagnet, where the former possesses an insulating bulk with topologically protected, dissipationless, and conducting surface electronic states governed by the relativistic quantum Dirac Hamiltonian and the latter is described by the nonlinear classical evolution of its magnetization vector. The interactions between the two are essentially the spin transfer torque from the topological insulator to the ferromagnet and the local proximity induced exchange coupling in the opposite direction. The hybrid system exhibits a rich variety of nonlinear dynamical phenomena besides multistability such as bifurcations, chaos, and phase synchronization. The degree of multistability can be controlled by an external voltage. In the case of two coexisting states, the system is effectively binary, opening a door to exploitation for developing spintronic memory devices. Because of the dissipationless and spin-momentum locking nature of the surface currents of the topological insulator, little power is needed for generating a significant current, making the system appealing for potential applications in next generation of low power memory devices.

Commanding Constellations (Pipeline Architecture)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ray, Tim; Condron, Jeff

2003-01-01

Providing ground command software for constellations of spacecraft is a challenging problem. Reliable command delivery requires a feedback loop; for a constellation there will likely be an independent feedback loop for each constellation member. Each command must be sent via the proper Ground Station, which may change from one contact to the next (and may be different for different members). Dynamic configuration of the ground command software is usually required (e.g. directives to configure each member's feedback loop and assign the appropriate Ground Station). For testing purposes, there must be a way to insert command data at any level in the protocol stack. The Pipeline architecture described in this paper can support all these capabilities with a sequence of software modules (the pipeline), and a single self-identifying message format (for all types of command data and configuration directives). The Pipeline architecture is quite simple, yet it can solve some complex problems. The resulting solutions are conceptually simple, and therefore, reliable. They are also modular, and therefore, easy to distribute and extend. We first used the Pipeline architecture to design a CCSDS (Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems) Ground Telecommand system (to command one spacecraft at a time with a fixed Ground Station interface). This pipeline was later extended to include gateways to any of several Ground Stations. The resulting pipeline was then extended to handle a small constellation of spacecraft. The use of the Pipeline architecture allowed us to easily handle the increasing complexity. This paper will describe the Pipeline architecture, show how it was used to solve each of the above commanding situations, and how it can easily be extended to handle larger constellations.

Finite-Element Modeling of a Damaged Pipeline Repaired Using the Wrap of a Composite Material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lyapin, A. A.; Chebakov, M. I.; Dumitrescu, A.; Zecheru, G.

2015-07-01

The nonlinear static problem of FEM modeling of a damaged pipeline repaired by a composite material and subjected to internal pressure is considered. The calculation is carried out using plasticity theory for the pipeline material and considering the polymeric filler and the composite wrap. The level of stresses in various zones of the structure is analyzed. The most widespread alloy used for oil pipelines is selected as pipe material. The contribution of each component of the pipeline-filler-wrap system to the level of stresses is investigated. The effect of the number of composite wrap layers is estimated. The results obtained allow one to decrease the costs needed for producing test specimens.

A bipolar population counter using wave pipelining to achieve 2.5 x normal clock frequency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wong, Derek C.; De Micheli, Giovanni; Flynn, Michael J.; Huston, Robert E.

1992-01-01

Wave pipelining is a technique for pipelining digital systems that can increase clock frequency in practical circuits without increasing the number of storage elements. In wave pipelining, multiple coherent waves of data are sent through a block of combinational logic by applying new inputs faster than the delay through the logic. The throughput of a 63-b CML population counter was increased from 97 to 250 MHz using wave pipelining. The internal circuit is flowthrough combinational logic. Novel CAD methods have balanced all input-to-output paths to about the same delay. This allows multiple data waves to propagate in sequence when the circuit is clocked faster than its propagation delay.

Norwegian Cyber Defense

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

21   a.   Siberian Pipeline Explosion (1982) ............................21   b.   Chevron Emergency Alert...the fifth domain: Are the mouse and keyboard the new weapons of conflict?,” The Economist, July 1, 2010, http://www.economist.com/node/16478792. 15...a. Siberian Pipeline Explosion (1982) In 1982, intruders planted a Trojan horse in the SCADA system that controls the Siberian Pipeline. This is the

76 FR 47573 - TransCanada Alaska Company, LLC; Notice of Intent To Prepare an Environmental Impact Statement...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-05

... is a new natural gas pipeline system that would transport natural gas produced on the Alaska North... provisions of section 7(c) of the Natural Gas Act (NGA) and the Alaska Natural Gas Pipeline Act of 2004... pipeline to Valdez, Alaska for delivery into a liquefied natural gas (LNG) plant for liquefaction and...

State Policies Affecting the "Adult Re-Entry Pipeline" in Postsecondary Education: Results of a Fifty-State Inventory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boeke, Marianne; Zis, Stacey; Ewell, Peter

2011-01-01

With support from the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, the National Center for Higher Education Management Systems (NCHEMS) is engaged in a two year project centered on state policies that foster student progression and success in the "adult re-entry pipeline." The adult re-entry pipeline consists of the many alternative pathways to…

Pipelined CPU Design with FPGA in Teaching Computer Architecture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jong Hyuk; Lee, Seung Eun; Yu, Heon Chang; Suh, Taeweon

2012-01-01

This paper presents a pipelined CPU design project with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) system in a computer architecture course. The class project is a five-stage pipelined 32-bit MIPS design with experiments on the Altera DE2 board. For proper scheduling, milestones were set every one or two weeks to help students complete the project on…

Using steady-state equations for transient flow calculation in natural gas pipelines

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maddox, R.N.; Zhou, P.

1984-04-02

Maddox and Zhou have extended their technique for calculating the unsteady-state behavior of straight gas pipelines to complex pipeline systems and networks. After developing the steady-state flow rate and pressure profile for each pipe in the network, analysts can perform the transient-state analysis in the real-time step-wise manner described for this technique.

Aerial surveillance for gas and liquid hydrocarbon pipelines using a flame ionization detector (FID)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Riquetti, P.V.; Fletcher, J.I.; Minty, C.D.

1996-12-31

A novel application for the detection of airborne hydrocarbons has been successfully developed by means of a highly sensitive, fast responding Flame Ionization Detector (FID). The traditional way to monitor pipeline leaks has been by ground crews using specific sensors or by airborne crews highly trained to observe anomalies associated with leaks during periodic surveys of the pipeline right-of-way. The goal has been to detect leaks in a fast and cost effective way before the associated spill becomes a costly and hazardous problem. This paper describes a leak detection system combined with a global positioning system (GPS) and a computerizedmore » data output designed to pinpoint the presence of hydrocarbons in the air space of the pipeline`s right of way. Fixed wing aircraft as well as helicopters have been successfully used as airborne platforms. Natural gas, crude oil and finished products pipelines in Canada and the US have been surveyed using this technology with excellent correlation between the aircraft detection and in situ ground detection. The information obtained is processed with a proprietary software and reduced to simple coordinates. Results are transferred to ground crews to effect the necessary repairs.« less

Use of a GIS-based hybrid artificial neural network to prioritize the order of pipe replacement in a water distribution network.

PubMed

Ho, Cheng-I; Lin, Min-Der; Lo, Shang-Lien

2010-07-01

A methodology based on the integration of a seismic-based artificial neural network (ANN) model and a geographic information system (GIS) to assess water leakage and to prioritize pipeline replacement is developed in this work. Qualified pipeline break-event data derived from the Taiwan Water Corporation Pipeline Leakage Repair Management System were analyzed. "Pipe diameter," "pipe material," and "the number of magnitude-3( + ) earthquakes" were employed as the input factors of ANN, while "the number of monthly breaks" was used for the prediction output. This study is the first attempt to manipulate earthquake data in the break-event ANN prediction model. Spatial distribution of the pipeline break-event data was analyzed and visualized by GIS. Through this, the users can swiftly figure out the hotspots of the leakage areas. A northeastern township in Taiwan, frequently affected by earthquakes, is chosen as the case study. Compared to the traditional processes for determining the priorities of pipeline replacement, the methodology developed is more effective and efficient. Likewise, the methodology can overcome the difficulty of prioritizing pipeline replacement even in situations where the break-event records are unavailable.

U.S. pipeline industry enters new era

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnsen, M.R.

1999-11-01

The largest construction project in North America this year and next--the Alliance Pipeline--marks some advances for the US pipeline industry. With the Alliance Pipeline system (Alliance), mechanized welding and ultrasonic testing are making their debuts in the US as primary mainline construction techniques. Particularly in Canada and Europe, mechanized welding technology has been used for both onshore and offshore pipeline construction for at least 15 years. However, it has never before been used to build a cross-country pipeline in the US, although it has been tested on short segments. This time, however, an accelerated construction schedule, among other reasons, necessitatedmore » the use of mechanized gas metal arc welding (GMAW). The $3-billion pipeline will delivery natural gas from northwestern British Columbia and northeastern Alberta in Canada to a hub near Chicago, Ill., where it will connect to the North American pipeline grid. Once the pipeline is completed and buried, crews will return the topsoil. Corn and other crops will reclaim the land. While the casual passerby probably won't know the Alliance pipeline is there, it may have a far-reaching effect on the way mainline pipelines are built in the US. For even though mechanized welding and ultrasonic testing are being used for the first time in the United States on this project, some US workers had already gained experience with the technology on projects elsewhere. And work on this pipeline has certainly developed a much larger pool of experienced workers for industry to draw from. The Alliance project could well signal the start of a new era in US pipeline construction.« less

77 FR 76024 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... that the Commission has received the following Natural Gas Pipeline Rate and Refund Report filings...: Natural Gas Pipeline Company of America. Description: Removal of Agreements to be effective 1/19/2013... Natural Gas System, L.L.C. Description: Gulfstream Natural Gas System, L.L.C. submits tariff filing per...

Continuous Turbidity Monitoring in the Indian Creek Watershed, Tazewell County, Virginia, 2006-08

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moyer, Douglas; Hyer, Kenneth

2009-01-01

Thousands of miles of natural gas pipelines are installed annually in the United States. These pipelines commonly cross streams, rivers, and other water bodies during pipeline construction. A major concern associated with pipelines crossing water bodies is increased sediment loading and the subsequent impact to the ecology of the aquatic system. Several studies have investigated the techniques used to install pipelines across surface-water bodies and their effect on downstream suspended-sediment concentrations. These studies frequently employ the evaluation of suspended-sediment or turbidity data that were collected using discrete sample-collection methods. No studies, however, have evaluated the utility of continuous turbidity monitoring for identifying real-time sediment input and providing a robust dataset for the evaluation of long-term changes in suspended-sediment concentration as it relates to a pipeline crossing. In 2006, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with East Tennessee Natural Gas and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, began a study to monitor the effects of construction of the Jewell Ridge Lateral natural gas pipeline on turbidity conditions below pipeline crossings of Indian Creek and an unnamed tributary to Indian Creek, in Tazewell County, Virginia. The potential for increased sediment loading to Indian Creek is of major concern for watershed managers because Indian Creek is listed as one of Virginia's Threatened and Endangered Species Waters and contains critical habitat for two freshwater mussel species, purple bean (Villosa perpurpurea) and rough rabbitsfoot (Quadrula cylindrical strigillata). Additionally, Indian Creek contains the last known reproducing population of the tan riffleshell (Epioblasma florentina walkeri). Therefore, the objectives of the U.S. Geological Survey monitoring effort were to (1) develop a continuous turbidity monitoring network that attempted to measure real-time changes in suspended sediment (using turbidity as a surrogate) downstream from the pipeline crossings, and (2) provide continuous turbidity data that enable the development of a real-time turbidity-input warning system and assessment of long-term changes in turbidity conditions. Water-quality conditions were assessed using continuous water-quality monitors deployed upstream and downstream from the pipeline crossings in Indian Creek and the unnamed tributary. These paired upstream and downstream monitors were outfitted with turbidity, pH (for Indian Creek only), specific-conductance, and water-temperature sensors. Water-quality data were collected continuously (every 15 minutes) during three phases of the pipeline construction: pre-construction, during construction, and post-construction. Continuous turbidity data were evaluated at various time steps to determine whether the construction of the pipeline crossings had an effect on downstream suspended-sediment conditions in Indian Creek and the unnamed tributary. These continuous turbidity data were analyzed in real time with the aid of a turbidity-input warning system. A warning occurred when turbidity values downstream from the pipeline were 6 Formazin Nephelometric Units or 15 percent (depending on the observed range) greater than turbidity upstream from the pipeline crossing. Statistical analyses also were performed on monthly and phase-of-construction turbidity data to determine if the pipeline crossing served as a long-term source of sediment. Results of this intensive water-quality monitoring effort indicate that values of turbidity in Indian Creek increased significantly between the upstream and downstream water-quality monitors during the construction of the Jewell Ridge pipeline. The magnitude of the significant turbidity increase, however, was small (less than 2 Formazin Nephelometric Units). Patterns in the continuous turbidity data indicate that the actual pipeline crossing of Indian Creek had little influence of downstream water quality; co

Method and apparatus for filling thermal insulating systems

DOEpatents

Arasteh, D.K.

1992-01-14

A method for filling insulated glazing units is disclosed. The method utilizes a vacuum chamber in which the insulated glazing units are placed. The insulated glazing units and vacuum chamber are evacuated simultaneously. The units are then refilled with a low conductance gas such as Krypton while the chamber is simultaneously refilled with air. 3 figs.

Instability of Insulators near Quantum Phase Transitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Doron, A.; Tamir, I.; Levinson, T.; Ovadia, M.; Sacépé, B.; Shahar, D.

2017-12-01

Thin films of amorphous indium oxide undergo a magnetic field driven superconducting to insulator quantum phase transition. In the insulating phase, the current-voltage characteristics show large current discontinuities due to overheating of electrons. We show that the onset voltage for the discontinuities vanishes as we approach the quantum critical point. As a result, the insulating phase becomes unstable with respect to any applied voltage making it, at least experimentally, immeasurable. We emphasize that unlike previous reports of the absence of linear response near quantum phase transitions, in our system, the departure from equilibrium is discontinuous. Because the conditions for these discontinuities are satisfied in most insulators at low temperatures, and due to the decay of all characteristic energy scales near quantum phase transitions, we believe that this instability is general and should occur in various systems while approaching their quantum critical point. Accounting for this instability is crucial for determining the critical behavior of systems near the transition.

Design and fabrication of a super alloy thermal protection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Varisco, A.; Wolter, W.; Bell, P.

1978-01-01

A lightweight metallic TPS was designed, and two test articles were fabricated, one from Haynes 188 and one from Rene 41. A baseline TPS concept, selected at the beginning of the program, consisted of a Haynes 25 corrugation-stiffened beaded skin surface panel, a specially designed support system, and an insulation system. By optimizing the structure for the design loads and by chem-milling to remove material not needed, the mass of the baseline surface panel was reduced 25%, and the mass of the support structure was reduced 50%. The insulation system mass was reduced 40% by using two types of insulation, each suited to its temperature range, and by eliminating a foul bag which encapsulated the baseline insulation system. These reductions resulted in an overall 35% reduction in mass of the Haynes 188 panel from the baseline Haynes 25 design. Similar reductions were achieved with the Rene 41 system.

Forecasting and Evaluation of Gas Pipelines Geometric Forms Breach Hazard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voronin, K. S.

2016-10-01

Main gas pipelines during operation are under the influence of the permanent pressure drops which leads to their lengthening and as a result, to instability of their position in space. In dynamic systems that have feedback, phenomena, preceding emergencies, should be observed. The article discusses the forced vibrations of the gas pipeline cylindrical surface under the influence of dynamic loads caused by pressure surges, and the process of its geometric shape deformation. Frequency of vibrations, arising in the pipeline at the stage preceding its bending, is being determined. Identification of this frequency can be the basis for the development of a method of monitoring the technical condition of the gas pipeline, and forecasting possible emergency situations allows planning and carrying out in due time reconstruction works on sections of gas pipeline with a possible deviation from the design position.

Effect of hygric and thermal properties of connecting layers on the performance of interior thermal insulation systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kočí, Václav; Jerman, Miloš; Fiala, Lukáš; Černý, Robert

2017-11-01

Interior thermal insulation systems represent often the only way of thermal protection, especially when historical buildings are taken into account. Since these systems face distrust due to frequent moisture failures, alternative solutions substituting the common water vapor barrier are being sought. In this paper, an assessment of hygrothermal performance of interior thermal insulation systems with purposely developed connecting layers is presented. Two types of mineral wools are connected to a sandstone masonry using two different connecting materials. The hygrothermal performance of the wall is obtained as a result of computational modelling with experimentally determined material parameters. Dynamic boundary conditions in the form of climatic data for Prague are used. The results indicate that the combination of permeable thermal insulation materials with investigated connecting layers have a positive influence on hygrothermal performance of the system as the moisture content is kept on very low level during a reference year. On the other hand, an increased attention should be paid to the protection of the masonry against excessive weather straining due to the absence of exterior thermal insulation.

THERMAL INSULATION SYSTEMS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Augustynowicz, Stanislaw D. (Inventor); Fesmire, James E. (Inventor)

2005-01-01

Thermal insulation systems and with methods of their production. The thermal insulation systems incorporate at least one reflection layer and at least one spacer layer in an alternating pattern. Each spacer layer includes a fill layer and a carrier layer. The fill layer may be separate from the carrier layer, or it may be a part of the carrier layer, i.e., mechanically injected into the carrier layer or chemically formed in the carrier layer. Fill layers contain a powder having a high surface area and low bulk density. Movement of powder within a fill layer is restricted by electrostatic effects with the reflection layer combined with the presence of a carrier layer, or by containing the powder in the carrier layer. The powder in the spacer layer may be compressed from its bulk density. The thermal insulation systems may further contain an outer casing. Thermal insulation systems may further include strips and seams to form a matrix of sections. Such sections serve to limit loss of powder from a fill layer to a single section and reduce heat losses along the reflection layer.

A Literature Review of Sealed and Insulated Attics—Thermal, Moisture and Energy Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Less, Brennan; Walker, Iain; Levinson, Ronnen

In this literature review and analysis, we focus on the thermal, moisture and energy performance of sealed and insulated attics in California climates. Thermal. Sealed and insulated attics are expected to maintain attic air temperatures that are similar to those in the house within +/- 10°F. Thermal stress on the assembly, namely high shingle and sheathing temperatures, are of minimal concern. In the past, many sealed and insulated attics were constructed with insufficient insulation levels (~R-20) and with too much air leakage to outside, leading to poor thermal performance. To ensure high performance, sealed and insulated attics in new Californiamore » homes should be insulated at levels at least equivalent to the flat ceiling requirements in the code, and attic envelopes and ducts should be airtight. We expect that duct systems in well-constructed sealed and insulated attics should have less than 2% HVAC system leakage to outside. Moisture. Moisture risk in sealed and insulated California attics will increase with colder climate regions and more humid outside air in marine zones. Risk is considered low in the hot-dry, highly populated regions of the state, where most new home construction occurs. Indoor humidity levels should be controlled by following code requirements for continuous whole-house ventilation and local exhaust. Pending development of further guidance, we recommend that the air impermeable insulation requirements of the International Residential Code (2012) be used, as they vary with IECC climate region and roof finish. Energy. Sealed and insulated attics provide energy benefits only if HVAC equipment is located in the attic volume, and the benefits depend strongly on the insulation and airtightness of the attic and ducts. Existing homes with leaky, uninsulated ducts in the attic should have major savings. When compared with modern, airtight duct systems in a vented attic, sealed and insulated attics in California may still provide substantial benefit. Energy performance is expected to be roughly equivalent between sealed and insulated attics and prescriptive advanced roof/attic options in Title 24 2016. System performance can also be expected to improve, such as pull down time, performance at peak load, etc. We expect benefits to be reduced for all advanced roof/attic approaches, relative to a traditional vented attic, as duct system leakage is reduced close to 0. The most recent assessments, comparing advanced roof/attic assemblies to code compliant vented attics suggest average 13% TDV energy savings, with substantial variation by climate zone (more savings in more extreme climates). Similar 6-11% reductions in seasonally adjusted HVAC duct thermal losses have been measured in a small subset of such California homes using the ducts in conditioned space approach. Given the limited nature of energy and moisture monitoring in sealed and insulated attic homes, there is crucial need for long-term data and advanced modeling of these approaches in the California new and existing home contexts.« less

Critical analysis of the condensation of water vapor at external surface of the duct

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Dileep; Memon, Rizwan Ahmed; Memon, Abdul Ghafoor; Ali, Intizar; Junejo, Awais

2018-01-01

In this paper, the effects of contraction of the insulation of the air duct of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is investigated. The compression of the insulation contracts it at joint, turn and other points of the duct. The energy loss and the condensation resulted from this contraction are also estimated. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the effects of this contraction on the heat gain, supply air temperature and external surface temperature of the duct. The simulation uses preliminary data obtained from an HVAC system installed in a pharmaceutical company while varying the operating conditions. The results reveal that insulation thickness should be kept greater than 30 mm and the volume flow rate of the selected air distribution system should be lower than 1.4m3/s to subside condensation on the external surface of the duct. Additionally, the optimum insulation thickness was determined by considering natural gas as an energy source and fiberglass as an insulation material. The optimum insulation thickness determined for different duct sizes varies from 28 to 45 mm, which is greater than the critical insulation thickness. Therefore, the chances of condensation on the external surface of the duct could be avoided at an optimum insulation thickness. Moreover, the effect of pressure loss coefficient of the duct fitting of air distribution system is estimated. The electricity consumption in air handling unit (AHU) decreases from 2.1 to 1.5 kW by decreasing the pressure loss coefficient from 1.5 to 0.5.

Critical analysis of the condensation of water vapor at external surface of the duct

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, Dileep; Memon, Rizwan Ahmed; Memon, Abdul Ghafoor; Ali, Intizar; Junejo, Awais

2018-07-01

In this paper, the effects of contraction of the insulation of the air duct of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is investigated. The compression of the insulation contracts it at joint, turn and other points of the duct. The energy loss and the condensation resulted from this contraction are also estimated. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the effects of this contraction on the heat gain, supply air temperature and external surface temperature of the duct. The simulation uses preliminary data obtained from an HVAC system installed in a pharmaceutical company while varying the operating conditions. The results reveal that insulation thickness should be kept greater than 30 mm and the volume flow rate of the selected air distribution system should be lower than 1.4m3/s to subside condensation on the external surface of the duct. Additionally, the optimum insulation thickness was determined by considering natural gas as an energy source and fiberglass as an insulation material. The optimum insulation thickness determined for different duct sizes varies from 28 to 45 mm, which is greater than the critical insulation thickness. Therefore, the chances of condensation on the external surface of the duct could be avoided at an optimum insulation thickness. Moreover, the effect of pressure loss coefficient of the duct fitting of air distribution system is estimated. The electricity consumption in air handling unit (AHU) decreases from 2.1 to 1.5 kW by decreasing the pressure loss coefficient from 1.5 to 0.5.

Robust Multilayer Insulation for Cryogenic Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesmire, J. E.; Scholtens, B. F.; Augustynowicz, S. D.

2007-01-01

New requirements for thermal insulation include robust Multilayer insulation (MU) systems that work for a range of environments from high vacuum to no vacuum. Improved MLI systems must be simple to install and maintain while meeting the life-cycle cost and thermal performance objectives. Performance of actual MLI systems has been previously shown to be much worse than ideal MLI. Spacecraft that must contain cryogens for both lunar service (high vacuum) and ground launch operations (no vacuum) are planned. Future cryogenic spacecraft for the soft vacuum environment of Mars are also envisioned. Industry products using robust MLI can benefit from improved cost-efficiency and system safety. Novel materials have been developed to operate as excellent thermal insulators at vacuum levels that are much less stringent than the absolute high vacuum requirement of current MLI systems. One such robust system, Layered Composite Insulation (LCI), has been developed by the Cryogenics Test Laboratory at NASA Kennedy Space Center. The experimental testing and development of LCI is the focus of this paper. LCI thermal performance under cryogenic conditions is shown to be six times better than MLI at soft vacuum and similar to MLI at high vacuum. The experimental apparent thermal conductivity (k-value) and heat flux data for LCI systems are compared with other MLI systems.

Natural Language Processing Accurately Calculates Adenoma and Sessile Serrated Polyp Detection Rates.

PubMed

Nayor, Jennifer; Borges, Lawrence F; Goryachev, Sergey; Gainer, Vivian S; Saltzman, John R

2018-07-01

ADR is a widely used colonoscopy quality indicator. Calculation of ADR is labor-intensive and cumbersome using current electronic medical databases. Natural language processing (NLP) is a method used to extract meaning from unstructured or free text data. (1) To develop and validate an accurate automated process for calculation of adenoma detection rate (ADR) and serrated polyp detection rate (SDR) on data stored in widely used electronic health record systems, specifically Epic electronic health record system, Provation ® endoscopy reporting system, and Sunquest PowerPath pathology reporting system. Screening colonoscopies performed between June 2010 and August 2015 were identified using the Provation ® reporting tool. An NLP pipeline was developed to identify adenomas and sessile serrated polyps (SSPs) on pathology reports corresponding to these colonoscopy reports. The pipeline was validated using a manual search. Precision, recall, and effectiveness of the natural language processing pipeline were calculated. ADR and SDR were then calculated. We identified 8032 screening colonoscopies that were linked to 3821 pathology reports (47.6%). The NLP pipeline had an accuracy of 100% for adenomas and 100% for SSPs. Mean total ADR was 29.3% (range 14.7-53.3%); mean male ADR was 35.7% (range 19.7-62.9%); and mean female ADR was 24.9% (range 9.1-51.0%). Mean total SDR was 4.0% (0-9.6%). We developed and validated an NLP pipeline that accurately and automatically calculates ADRs and SDRs using data stored in Epic, Provation ® and Sunquest PowerPath. This NLP pipeline can be used to evaluate colonoscopy quality parameters at both individual and practice levels.

Design of cylindrical pipe automatic welding control system based on STM32

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Shuaishuai; Shen, Weicong

2018-04-01

The development of modern economy makes the demand for pipeline construction and construction rapidly increasing, and the pipeline welding has become an important link in pipeline construction. At present, there are still a large number of using of manual welding methods at home and abroad, and field pipe welding especially lacks miniature and portable automatic welding equipment. An automated welding system consists of a control system, which consisting of a lower computer control panel and a host computer operating interface, as well as automatic welding machine mechanisms and welding power systems in coordination with the control system. In this paper, a new control system of automatic pipe welding based on the control panel of the lower computer and the interface of the host computer is proposed, which has many advantages over the traditional automatic welding machine.

System for corrosion monitoring in pipeline applying fuzzy logic mathematics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzyakov, O. N.; Kolosova, A. L.; Andreeva, M. A.

2018-05-01

A list of factors influencing corrosion rate on the external side of underground pipeline is determined. Principles of constructing a corrosion monitoring system are described; the system performance algorithm and program are elaborated. A comparative analysis of methods for calculating corrosion rate is undertaken. Fuzzy logic mathematics is applied to reduce calculations while considering a wider range of corrosion factors.

Development of an external ceramic insulation for the space shuttle orbiter. Part 2: Optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tanzilli, R. A. (Editor)

1973-01-01

The basic insulation improvement study concentrated upon evaluating variables which could result in significant near-term gains in mechanical behavior and insulation effectiveness of the baseline system. The approaches undertaken included: evaluation of small diameter fibers, optimization of binder: slurry characteristics, evaluation of techniques for controlling fiber orientation, optimization of firing cycle, and the evaluation of methods for improving insulation efficiency. A detailed discussion of these basic insulation improvement studies is presented.

Pipeline oil fire detection with MODIS active fire products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ogungbuyi, M. G.; Martinez, P.; Eckardt, F. D.

2017-12-01

We investigate 85 129 MODIS satellite active fire events from 2007 to 2015 in the Niger Delta of Nigeria. The region is the oil base for Nigerian economy and the hub of oil exploration where oil facilities (i.e. flowlines, flow stations, trunklines, oil wells and oil fields) are domiciled, and from where crude oil and refined products are transported to different Nigerian locations through a network of pipeline systems. Pipeline and other oil facilities are consistently susceptible to oil leaks due to operational or maintenance error, and by acts of deliberate sabotage of the pipeline equipment which often result in explosions and fire outbreaks. We used ground oil spill reports obtained from the National Oil Spill Detection and Response Agency (NOSDRA) database (see www.oilspillmonitor.ng) to validate MODIS satellite data. NOSDRA database shows an estimate of 10 000 spill events from 2007 - 2015. The spill events were filtered to include largest spills by volume and events occurring only in the Niger Delta (i.e. 386 spills). By projecting both MODIS fire and spill as `input vector' layers with `Points' geometry, and the Nigerian pipeline networks as `from vector' layers with `LineString' geometry in a geographical information system, we extracted the nearest MODIS events (i.e. 2192) closed to the pipelines by 1000m distance in spatial vector analysis. The extraction process that defined the nearest distance to the pipelines is based on the global practices of the Right of Way (ROW) in pipeline management that earmarked 30m strip of land to the pipeline. The KML files of the extracted fires in a Google map validated their source origin to be from oil facilities. Land cover mapping confirmed fire anomalies. The aim of the study is to propose a near-real-time monitoring of spill events along pipeline routes using 250 m spatial resolution of MODIS active fire detection sensor when such spills are accompanied by fire events in the study location.

Assessing fugitive emissions of CH4 from high-pressure gas pipelines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worrall, Fred; Boothroyd, Ian; Davies, Richard

2017-04-01

The impact of unconventional natural gas production using hydraulic fracturing methods from shale gas basins has been assessed using life-cycle emissions inventories, covering areas such as pre-production, production and transmission processes. The transmission of natural gas from well pad to processing plants and its transport to domestic sites is an important source of fugitive CH4, yet emissions factors and fluxes from transmission processes are often based upon ver out of date measurements. It is important to determine accurate measurements of natural gas losses when compressed and transported between production and processing facilities so as to accurately determine life-cycle CH4 emissions. This study considers CH4 emissions from the UK National Transmission System (NTS) of high pressure natural gas pipelines. Mobile surveys of CH4 emissions using a Picarro Surveyor cavity-ring-down spectrometer were conducted across four areas in the UK, with routes bisecting high pressure pipelines and separate control routes away from the pipelines. A manual survey of soil gas measurements was also conducted along one of the high pressure pipelines using a tunable diode laser. When wind adjusted 92 km of high pressure pipeline and 72 km of control route were drive over a 10 day period. When wind and distance adjusted CH4 fluxes were significantly greater on routes with a pipeline than those without. The smallest leak detectable was 3% above ambient (1.03 relative concentration) with any leaks below 3% above ambient assumed ambient. The number of leaks detected along the pipelines correlate to the estimated length of pipe joints, inferring that there are constant fugitive CH4 emissions from these joints. When scaled up to the UK's National Transmission System pipeline length of 7600 km gives a fugitive CH4 flux of 4700 ± 2864 kt CH4/yr - this fugitive emission from high pressure pipelines is 0.016% of the annual gas supply.

Microstructural Investigation of High Emittance Glass Coatings on Fibrous Ceramic Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ellerby, Don; Leiser, Dan; DiFiore, Robert; Figone, Jeff; Smith, Dane; Loehman, Ron; Kotula, Paul

2001-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of the Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) and the various products incorporated in the TPS. There are three tile systems which include pure silica, fibrous refractory composite insulation (FRCI), and alumina enhanced thermal barrier (AETB). Coating systems include reaction cured glass (RCG) and toughened uni-piece insulation (TUFI). The microstructures of these systems are explored as are the manufacturing processes associated with each. Microstructural investigation using methods such as automated X-ray spectral image analysis (AXSIA) is a crucial part of understanding the mechanical nature of these systems.

The Development and Application of Simulative Insulation Resistance Tester

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jia, Yan; Chai, Ziqi; Wang, Bo; Ma, Hao

2018-02-01

The insulation state determines the performance and insulation life of electrical equipment, so it has to be judged in a timely and accurate manner. Insulation resistance test, as the simplest and most basic test of high voltage electric tests, can measure the insulation resistance and absorption ratio which are effective criterion of part or whole damp or dirty, breakdown, severe overheating aging and other insulation defects. It means that the electrical test personnel need to be familiar with the principle of insulation resistance test, and able to operate the insulation resistance tester correctly. At present, like the insulation resistance test, most of electrical tests are trained by physical devices with the real high voltage. Although this allows the students to truly experience the test process and notes on security, it also has certain limitations in terms of safety and test efficiency, especially for a large number of new staves needing induction training every year. This paper presents a new kind of electrical test training system based on the simulative device of dielectric loss measurement and simulative electrical testing devices. It can not only overcome the defects of current training methods, but also provide other advantages in economical efficiency and scalability. That makes it possible for the system to be allied in widespread.

Visual Analytics for Law Enforcement: Deploying a Service-Oriented Analytic Framework for Web-based Visualization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dowson, Scott T.; Bruce, Joseph R.; Best, Daniel M.

2009-04-14

This paper presents key components of the Law Enforcement Information Framework (LEIF) that provides communications, situational awareness, and visual analytics tools in a service-oriented architecture supporting web-based desktop and handheld device users. LEIF simplifies interfaces and visualizations of well-established visual analytical techniques to improve usability. Advanced analytics capability is maintained by enhancing the underlying processing to support the new interface. LEIF development is driven by real-world user feedback gathered through deployments at three operational law enforcement organizations in the US. LEIF incorporates a robust information ingest pipeline supporting a wide variety of information formats. LEIF also insulates interface and analyticalmore » components from information sources making it easier to adapt the framework for many different data repositories.« less

Conductivity Variation Observed by Polarization and Depolarization Current Measurements of High-Voltage Equipment Insulation System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jamail, Nor Akmal Mohd; Piah, Mohamed Afendi Mohamed; Muhamad, Nor Asiah

2012-09-01

Nondestructive and time domain dielectric measurement techniques such as polarization and depolarization current (PDC) measurements have recently been widely used as a potential tool for determining high-voltage insulation conditions by analyzing the insulation conductivity. The variation in the conductivity of an insulator was found to depend on several parameters: the difference between the polarization and depolarization currents, geometric capacitance, and the relative permittivity of the insulation material. In this paper the conductivities of different types of oil-paper insulation material are presented. The insulation conductivities of several types of electrical apparatus were simulated using MATLAB. Conductivity insulation was found to be high at high polarizations and at the lowest depolarization current. It was also found to increase with increasing relative permittivity as well as with decreasing geometric capacitance of the insulating material.

[Interactions of 1A2 insulator with promoter of hsp 70 gene in Drosophila melanogaster].

PubMed

Chetverina, D A; Elizar'ev, P V; Georgiev, P G; Erokhin, M M

2013-04-01

Insulators are regulatory DNA elements that participate in the modulation of the interactions between enhancers and promoters. Depending on the situation, insulators can either stabilize or destroy the contacts between enhancers and promoters. A possible explanation for the activity of insulators is their ability to directly interact with gene promoters. In the present study, it was demonstrated that, in model systems, a 1A2 insulator could interact with the core sequence of an hsp70 promoter. In this case, the insulator protein CP190 is found on the hsp70 promoter, which depends on the presence of an insulator in the transgene. The data obtained are consistent with the model, which implies that direct contacts between insulators and promoters make a considerable contribution to the modulation of the interactions between insulators and promoters.

Pipeline inspection using an autonomous underwater vehicle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Egeskov, P.; Bech, M.; Bowley, R.

1995-12-31

Pipeline inspection can be carried out by means of small Autonomous Underwater Vehicles (AUVs), operating either with a control link to a surface vessel, or totally independently. The AUV offers an attractive alternative to conventional inspection methods where Remotely Operated Vehicles (ROVs) or paravanes are used. A flatfish type AUV ``MARTIN`` (Marine Tool for Inspection) has been developed for this purpose. The paper describes the proposed types of inspection jobs to be carried out by ``MARTIN``. The design and construction of the vessel, its hydrodynamic properties, its propulsion and control systems are discussed. The pipeline tracking and survey systems, asmore » well as the launch and recovery systems are described.« less

Structural health monitoring of pipelines rehabilitated with lining technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farhidzadeh, Alireza; Dehghan-Niri, Ehsan; Salamone, Salvatore

2014-03-01

Damage detection of pipeline systems is a tedious and time consuming job due to digging requirement, accessibility, interference with other facilities, and being extremely wide spread in metropolitans. Therefore, a real-time and automated monitoring system can pervasively reduce labor work, time, and expenditures. This paper presents the results of an experimental study aimed at monitoring the performance of full scale pipe lining systems, subjected to static and dynamic (seismic) loading, using Acoustic Emission (AE) technique and Guided Ultrasonic Waves (GUWs). Particularly, two damage mechanisms are investigated: 1) delamination between pipeline and liner as the early indicator of damage, and 2) onset of nonlinearity and incipient failure of the liner as critical damage state.

An acceleration system for Laplacian image fusion based on SoC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Liwen; Zhao, Hongtu; Qu, Xiujie; Wei, Tianbo; Du, Peng

2018-04-01

Based on the analysis of Laplacian image fusion algorithm, this paper proposes a partial pipelining and modular processing architecture, and a SoC based acceleration system is implemented accordingly. Full pipelining method is used for the design of each module, and modules in series form the partial pipelining with unified data formation, which is easy for management and reuse. Integrated with ARM processor, DMA and embedded bare-mental program, this system achieves 4 layers of Laplacian pyramid on the Zynq-7000 board. Experiments show that, with small resources consumption, a couple of 256×256 images can be fused within 1ms, maintaining a fine fusion effect at the same time.

Pumping and Depressurizing of Insulation Materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Porter, Amber

2010-01-01

The Fluids Testing and Technology Branch is a group that researches and tests efficient ways to use various Cryogenic Fluids, such as Liquid Nitrogen or Liquid Helium, in ground and space systems. Their main goal is to develop new technologies involving Cryogenic temperatures as well as making sure the existing technologies are understood. During my time here a lot of insulation testing has been done which is where insulation systems are tested for cryogenic systems that are in space for long durations.

Emergence, evolution, and control of multistability in a hybrid topological quantum/classical system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Guanglei; Xu, Hongya; Lai, Ying-Cheng

2018-03-01

We present a novel class of nonlinear dynamical systems—a hybrid of relativistic quantum and classical systems and demonstrate that multistability is ubiquitous. A representative setting is coupled systems of a topological insulator and an insulating ferromagnet, where the former possesses an insulating bulk with topologically protected, dissipationless, and conducting surface electronic states governed by the relativistic quantum Dirac Hamiltonian and the latter is described by the nonlinear classical evolution of its magnetization vector. The interactions between the two are essentially the spin transfer torque from the topological insulator to the ferromagnet and the local proximity induced exchange coupling in the opposite direction. The hybrid system exhibits a rich variety of nonlinear dynamical phenomena besides multistability such as bifurcations, chaos, and phase synchronization. The degree of multistability can be controlled by an external voltage. In the case of two coexisting states, the system is effectively binary, opening a door to exploitation for developing spintronic memory devices. Because of the dissipationless and spin-momentum locking nature of the surface currents of the topological insulator, little power is needed for generating a significant current, making the system appealing for potential applications in next generation of low power memory devices.

A design of endoscopic imaging system for hyper long pipeline based on wheeled pipe robot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Dongtian; Tan, Haishu; Zhou, Fuqiang

2017-03-01

An endoscopic imaging system of hyper long pipeline is designed to acquire the inner surface image in advance for the hyper long pipeline detects measurement. The system consists of structured light sensors, pipe robots and control system. The pipe robot is in the form of wheel structure, with the sensor which is at the front of the vehicle body. The control system is at the tail of the vehicle body in the form of upper and lower computer. The sensor can be translated and scanned in three steps: walking, lifting and scanning, then the inner surface image can be acquired at a plurality of positions and different angles. The results of imaging experiments show that the system's transmission distance is longer, the acquisition angle is more diverse and the result is more comprehensive than the traditional imaging system, which lays an important foundation for later inner surface vision measurement.

Status of Natural Gas Pipeline System Capacity Entering the 2000-2001 Heating Season

EIA Publications

2000-01-01

This special report looks at the capabilities of the national natural gas pipeline network in 2000 and provides an assessment of the current levels of available capacity to transport supplies from production areas to markets throughout the United States during the upcoming heating season. It also examines how completion of currently planned expansion projects and proposed new pipelines would affect the network.

Thermal insulation attaching means. [adhesive bonding of felt vibration insulators under ceramic tiles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leger, L. J. (Inventor)

1978-01-01

An improved isolation system is provided for attaching ceramic tiles of insulating material to the surface of a structure to be protected against extreme temperatures of the nature expected to be encountered by the space shuttle orbiter. This system isolates the fragile ceramic tiles from thermally and mechanically induced vehicle structural strains. The insulating tiles are affixed to a felt isolation pad formed of closely arranged and randomly oriented fibers by means of a flexible adhesive and in turn the felt pad is affixed to the metallic vehicle structure by an additional layer of flexible adhesive.

Innovative self-drying concept for thermal insulation of cold piping

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Korsgaard, V.

1997-11-01

In the paper an innovative Self-Drying concept, the Hygro-Wick concept, for thermal insulation of cold piping is described. The concept is based on the wicking action of certain fabrics to remove by capillary suction condensed water vapor from the pipe surface to the outer surface of the insulation/jacket, from whence it will evaporate/diffuse into the ambient air. Hence the concept will prevent long term accumulation of moisture in the insulation material. Theoretical and experimental results for two different embodiments of the concept is given: The Self-Drying system and the Self-Sealing system.

Frozen Smoke

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

Under a NASA SBIR (Small Business Innovative Research) contract with Johnson Space Center, Aspen Systems developed aerogel-based superinsulation. This super-insulation is an innovative, flexible cryogenic insulation with extremely low thermal conductivity. Potential commercial uses include cryogenic applications in the transportation, storage and transfer of cryogens; near room-temperature applications such as refrigerator insulation; and elevated temperature applications such as insulations for high- temperature industrial processes and furnaces.

49 CFR 195.116 - Valves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PIPELINE Design Requirements § 195.116 Valves. Each valve installed in a pipeline system must comply with the following: (a) The valve must be of a sound engineering design. (b) Materials subject to the...

Detail of new rain shed (Building No. 241). Note pipeline ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of new rain shed (Building No. 241). Note pipeline connection from collection trough. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

Successive gain of insulator proteins in arthropod evolution.

PubMed

Heger, Peter; George, Rebecca; Wiehe, Thomas

2013-10-01

Alteration of regulatory DNA elements or their binding proteins may have drastic consequences for morphological evolution. Chromatin insulators are one example of such proteins and play a fundamental role in organizing gene expression. While a single insulator protein, CTCF (CCCTC-binding factor), is known in vertebrates, Drosophila melanogaster utilizes six additional factors. We studied the evolution of these proteins and show here that-in contrast to the bilaterian-wide distribution of CTCF-all other D. melanogaster insulators are restricted to arthropods. The full set is present exclusively in the genus Drosophila whereas only two insulators, Su(Hw) and CTCF, existed at the base of the arthropod clade and all additional factors have been acquired successively at later stages. Secondary loss of factors in some lineages further led to the presence of different insulator subsets in arthropods. Thus, the evolution of insulator proteins within arthropods is an ongoing and dynamic process that reshapes and supplements the ancient CTCF-based system common to bilaterians. Expansion of insulator systems may therefore be a general strategy to increase an organism's gene regulatory repertoire and its potential for morphological plasticity. © 2013 The Authors. Evolution published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of The Society for the Study of Evolution.

Breakdown Characteristics and Streaming Electrification Characteristics of Flame Retardant Silicone Oil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arazoe, Satoshi; Yasuda, Koji; Okabe, Shigemitsu; Ueta, Genyo; Yanabu, Satoru

We have investigated the performance of the silicone oil as alternative oil to the mineral oil that is used as an insulation medium of the oil immersed transformer. There are various methods of evaluating the performance, we especially investigated the breakdown characteristics and the streaming electrification characteristics. In the breakdown characteristics, the insulation performance under the influence of changing the temperature, and the electrode shape was investigated. Moreover, the insulation performance in the composite insulation system that was composed of the insulation oil and the oil immersed insulator was investigated. From these results, we found that in the oil gap model, the breakdown voltage of silicone oil was lower than that of mineral oil by 15%. In contrast, in the composite insulation system, breakdown voltage of combination with silicone oil is higher than that of combination with mineral oil. In the streaming electrification characteristics, the difference of the amount of electrification under the influence of changing the kinds of solid insulators and the temperature was investigated. As a result, we found that silicone oil has the maximum of the amount of electrification at a high temperature compared with mineral oil.

Leak detection by mass balance effective for Norman Wells line

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liou, J.C.P.

Mass-balance calculations for leak detection have been shown as effective as a leading software system, in a comparison based on a major Canadian crude-oil pipeline. The calculations and NovaCorp`s Leakstop software each detected 4% (approximately) or greater leaks on Interprovincial Pipe Line (IPL) Inc.`s Norman Wells pipeline. Insufficient data exist to assess performances of the two methods for leaks smaller than 4%. Pipeline leak detection using such software-based systems are common. Their effectiveness is measured by how small and how quickly a leak can be detected. Algorithms used and measurement uncertainties determine leak detectability.

Fiber glass reinforcement wrap gets DOT nod for gas-line use

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-12-13

Panhandle Eastern Corp.'s Texas Eastern Transmission Corp. has become the first US natural-gas pipeline company to install, under federal waiver, a fiber glass reinforcement on an in-service gas pipeline. The Clock Spring repair system was installed in August on six segments of Texas Eastern's 20-in. gas pipeline in Fayette County, Ohio, after the company had received a US Department of Transportation (DOT) waiver to use the system in place of conventional DOT-mandated repair methods. The paper describes the conventional methods, as well as comparing costs of both methods.

Alternator insulation evaluation tests

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Penn, W. B.; Schaefer, R. F.; Balke, R. L.

1972-01-01

Tests were conducted to predict the remaining electrical insulation life of a 60 KW homopolar inductor alternator following completion of NASA turbo-alternator endurance tests for SNAP-8 space electrical power systems application. The insulation quality was established for two alternators following completion of these tests. A step-temperature aging test procedure was developed for insulation life prediction and applied to one of the two alternators. Armature winding insulation life of over 80,000 hours for an average winding temperature of 248 degrees C was predicted using the developed procedure.

30 CFR 250.910 - Which of my facilities are subject to the Platform Verification Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., production, and pipeline risers, and riser tensioning systems (each platform must be designed to accommodate all the loads imposed by all risers and riser does not have tensioning systems);(ii) Turrets and... are subject to the Platform Verification Program: (i) Drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and...

30 CFR 250.910 - Which of my facilities are subject to the Platform Verification Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., production, and pipeline risers, and riser tensioning systems (each platform must be designed to accommodate all the loads imposed by all risers and riser does not have tensioning systems);(ii) Turrets and... are subject to the Platform Verification Program: (i) Drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and...

30 CFR 250.910 - Which of my facilities are subject to the Platform Verification Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., production, and pipeline risers, and riser tensioning systems (each platform must be designed to accommodate all the loads imposed by all risers and riser does not have tensioning systems);(ii) Turrets and... are subject to the Platform Verification Program: (i) Drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and...

30 CFR 250.910 - Which of my facilities are subject to the Platform Verification Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., production, and pipeline risers, and riser tensioning systems (each platform must be designed to accommodate all the loads imposed by all risers and riser does not have tensioning systems);(ii) Turrets and... are subject to the Platform Verification Program: (i) Drilling, production, and pipeline risers, and...

49 CFR 198.39 - Qualifications for operation of one-call notification system.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Qualifications for operation of one-call...) PIPELINE SAFETY REGULATIONS FOR GRANTS TO AID STATE PIPELINE SAFETY PROGRAMS Adoption of One-Call Damage Prevention Program § 198.39 Qualifications for operation of one-call notification system. A one-call...

An integrated GPS-FID system for airborne gas detection of pipeline right-of-ways

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gehue, H.L.; Sommer, P.

1996-12-31

Pipeline integrity, safety and environmental concerns are of prime importance in the Canadian natural gas industry. Terramatic Technology Inc. (TTI) has developed an integrated GPS/FID gas detection system known as TTI-AirTrac{trademark} for use in airborne gas detection (AGD) along pipeline right-of-ways. The Flame Ionization Detector (FID), which has traditionally been used to monitor air quality for gas plants and refineries, has been integrated with the Global Positioning System (GPS) via a 486 DX2-50 computer and specialized open architecture data acquisition software. The purpose of this technology marriage is to be able to continuously monitor air quality during airborne pipeline inspection.more » Event tagging from visual surveillance is used to determine an explanation of any delta line deviations (DLD). These deviations are an indication of hydrocarbon gases present in the plume that the aircraft has passed through. The role of the GPS system is to provide mapping information and coordinate data for ground inspections. The ground based inspection using a handheld multi gas detector will confirm whether or not a leak exists.« less

Channel erosion surveys along TAPS route, Alaska, 1974

USGS Publications Warehouse

Childers, Joseph; Jones, Stanley H.

1975-01-01

Repeated site surveys and aerial photographs at 26 stream crossings along the trans-Alaska pipeline system (TAPS) route during the period 1969-74 provide chronologie records of channel changes that predate pipeline-related construction at the sites. The 1974 surveys and photographs show some of the channel changes wrought by construction of the haul road from the Yukon River to Prudhoe Bay and by construction of camps and working pads all along the pipeline route. No pipeline crossings were constructed before 1975. These records of channel changes together with flood and icing measurements are part of the United States Department of the lnterior's continuing surveillance program to document the hydrologic aspects of the trans-Alaska pipeline and its environmental impacts.

Thermal performance of a modularized replaceable multilayer insulation system for a cryogenic stage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knoll, R. H.

1977-01-01

A rugged modularized MLI system for a 2.23-meter-diameter (87.6-in.-diam) liquid hydrogen tank was designed, fabricated, and tested under simulated near-earth and deep-space environments. The two blankets of the system were each composed of 17 double-aluminized Mylar radiation shields separated by silk net. The unit area weight of the installed system was 1.54 kg/sqm (0.32 lb/sq ft). The overall average heat transferred into the insulated tank was 22.7 and 0.98 watts (77.4 and 3.3 Btu/hr) during simulated near-earth and deep-space testing, respectively. The near-earth result was only 2.6 times that predicted for an undisturbed insulation system (i.e., no seams or penetrations). Tests indicate that this insulation concept could be useful for a cryogenic space tug or orbit transfer vehicle application.

Two-level bulk microfabrication of a mechanical broadband vibration amplitude-amplifier with ten coupled resonators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Müller, Michelle; Maiwald, Verena; Thiele, Lothar; Beutel, Jan; Roman, Cosmin; Hierold, Christofer

2018-04-01

A micromechanical broadband vibration amplitude-amplifier for low power detection of acoustic emission signals is presented. It is based on a coupled mass-spring system and was fabricated in a two-level bulk microfabrication process. The device consists of ten resonators coupled in series, which decrease in mass by a factor of three each, to achieve a high amplification over a broad bandwidth. The fabrication process for this multiscale device is based on front- and backside etching of a silicon-on-insulator wafer. It enables coupling MEMS resonators of two different thicknesses with a weight ratio from largest to smallest mass of 26’244 and reduces die size by resonator stacking. The first ten eigenmodes of the device are in-plane and unidirectional. Steady-state and transient response of the device in comparison to a 1D lumped element model is presented. An average amplitude amplification of 295 over a bandwidth of 10.7 kHz (4.4-15.1 kHz) is achieved and can be reached in less than 1 ms. Applications are low-power detection of short broadband vibration signals e.g. for structural health monitoring (cliffs, pipelines, bridges).

Consent Decree Magellan Pipeline Company, L.P.

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This is the consent decree for the settlement of Magellan has agreed to complete approximately $16 million of injunctive relief across its 11,000-mile pipeline system and pay a $2 million civil penalty.

Rooftop view of old rain shed (Building No. 43), pipeline ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Rooftop view of old rain shed (Building No. 43), pipeline on trestle, and water tanks. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

Modelling the pressurization induced by solar radiation on above ground installations of LPG pipeline systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leporini, M.; Terenzi, A.; Marchetti, B.; Giacchetta, G.; Polonara, F.; Corvaro, F.; Cocci Grifoni, R.

2017-11-01

Pipelining Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) is a mode of LPG transportation more environmentally-friendly than others due to the lower energy consumption and exhaust emissions. Worldwide, there are over 20000 kilometers of LPG pipelines. There are a number of codes that industry follows for the design, fabrication, construction and operation of liquid LPG pipelines. However, no standards exist to modelling particular critical phenomena which can occur on these lines due to external environmental conditions like the solar radiation pressurization. In fact, the solar radiation can expose above ground pipeline sections at pressure values above the maximum Design Pressure with resulting risks and problems. The present work presents an innovative practice suitable for the Oil & Gas industry to modelling the pressurization induced by the solar radiation on above ground LPG pipeline sections with the application to a real case.

Viability of using different types of main oil pipelines pump drives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zakirzakov, A. G.; Zemenkov, Yu D.; Akulov, K. A.

2018-05-01

The choice of the pumping units' drive of main oil pipelines is of great importance both for design of pipelines and for modernization of existing ones. At the beginning of oil pipeline transport development, due to the limited number and types of energy sources, the choice was not difficult. The combustion energy of the pumped product was often the only available energy resource for its transportation. In this regard, the pipelines that had autonomous energy sources favorably differed from other energy consumers in the sector. With the passage of time, with the development of the country's electricity supply system, the electric drive for power-line equipment of oil pipelines becomes the dominant type of a pumping station drive. Nowadays, the traditional component is an essential factor when choosing some type of the drive. For many years, oil companies have been using electric drives for pumps, while gas transport enterprises prefer self-contained gas turbines.

Layered Thermal Insulation Systems for Industrial and Commercial Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesmire, James E.

2015-01-01

From the high performance arena of cryogenic equipment, several different layered thermal insulation systems have been developed for industrial and commercial applications. In addition to the proven areas in cold-work applications for piping and tanks, the new Layered Composite Insulation for Extreme Environments (LCX) has potential for broader industrial use as well as for commercial applications. The LCX technology provides a unique combination of thermal, mechanical, and weathering performance capability that is both cost-effective and enabling. Industry applications may include, for example, liquid nitrogen (LN2) systems for food processing, liquefied natural gas (LNG) systems for transportation or power, and chilled water cooling facilities. Example commercial applications may include commercial residential building construction, hot water piping, HVAC systems, refrigerated trucks, cold chain shipping containers, and a various consumer products. The LCX system is highly tailorable to the end-use application and can be pre-fabricated or field assembled as needed. Product forms of LCX include rigid sheets, semi-flexible sheets, cylindrical clam-shells, removable covers, or flexible strips for wrapping. With increasing system control and reliability requirements as well as demands for higher energy efficiencies, thermal insulation in harsh environments is a growing challenge. The LCX technology grew out of solving problems in the insulation of mechanically complex cryogenic systems that must operate in outdoor, humid conditions. Insulation for cold work includes equipment for everything from liquid helium to chilled water. And in the middle are systems for LNG, LN2, liquid oxygen (LO2), liquid hydrogen (LH2) that must operate in the ambient environment. Different LCX systems have been demonstrated for sub-ambient conditions but are capable of moderately high temperature applications as well.

Analysis and design of insulation systems for LH2-fueled aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cunnington, G. R., Jr.

1979-01-01

An analytical program was conducted to evaluate the performance of 15 potential insulations for the fuel tanks of a subsonic LH2-fueled transport aircraft intended for airline service in the 1990-1995 time period. As a result, two candidate insulation systems are proposed for subsonic transport aircraft applications. Both candidates are judged to be the optimum available and should meet the design requirements. However, because of the long-life cyclic nature of the application and the cost sensitivity of airline operations, an experimental tank/insulation development or proof-of-concept program is recommended. This program should be carried out with a nearly full-scale system which would be subjected to the cyclic thermal and mechanical inputs anticipated in aircraft service.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhu, M.; Peng, J.; Zou, T.

Here, we present a new type of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) arising from an anomalous collapse of the Mott insulating state via a modest magnetic field in a bilayer ruthenate, Ti-doped Ca 3Ru 2O 7. Such an insulator-metal transition is accompanied by changes in both lattice and magnetic structures. Our findings have important implications because a magnetic field usually stabilizes the insulating ground state in a Mott-Hubbard system, thus calling for a deeper theoretical study to reexamine the magnetic field tuning of Mott systems with magnetic and electronic instabilities and spin-lattice-charge coupling. This study further provides a model approach to searchmore » for CMR systems other than manganites, such as Mott insulators in the vicinity of the boundary between competing phases.« less

Basic performance of a multilayer insulation system containing 20 to 160 layers. [thermal effectiveness of aluminized Mylar-silk net system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stochl, R. J.

1974-01-01

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the thermal effectiveness of an aluminized Mylar-silk net insulation system containing up to 160 layers. The experimentally measured heat flux was compared with results predicted by using (1) a previously developed semi-empirical equation and (2) an effective-thermal-conductivity value. All tests were conducted at a nominal hot-boundary temperature of 294 K (530 R) with liquid hydrogen as the heat sink. The experimental results show that the insulation performed as expected and that both the semi-empirical equation and effective thermal conductivity of a small number of layers were adequate in predicting the thermal performance of a large number of layers of insulation.

 Thermal Insulation System Made of Wood and Paper for Use in Residential Construction

Treesearch

Zoltán Pásztory; Tibor Horváth; Samuel V. Glass; Samuel L. Zelinka

2015-01-01

This article introduces an insulation system that takes advantage of the low thermal conductivity of still air and is made of wood and paper. The insulation, called the Mirrorpanel, is constructed as a panel of closely spaced layers of coated paper and held together in a frame of wood or fiberboard. Panels have been fabricated and tested at the laboratory scale, whole...

Thermal performance of a liquid hydrogen tank multilayer insulation system at warm boundary temperatures of 630, 530, and 152 R

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stochl, Robert J.; Knoll, Richard H.

1991-06-01

The results are presented of a study conducted to obtain experimental heat transfer data on a liquid hydrogen tank insulated with 34 layers of MLI (multilayer insulation) for warm side boundary temperatures of 630, 530, and 150 R. The MLI system consisted of two blankets, each blanket made up of alternate layers of double silk net (16 layers) and double aluminized Mylar radiation shields (15 layers) contained between two cover sheets of Dacron scrim reinforced Mylar. The insulation system was designed for and installed on a 87.6 in diameter liquid hydrogen tank. Nominal layer density of the insulation blankets is 45 layers/in. The insulation system contained penetrations for structural support, plumbing, and electrical wiring that would be representative of a cryogenic spacecraft. The total steady state heat transfer rates into the test tank for shroud temperatures of 630, 530, 152 R were 164.4, 95.8, and 15.9 BTU/hr respectively. The noninsulation heat leaks into the tank (12 fiberglass support struts, tank plumbing, and instrumentation lines) represent between 13 to 17 pct. of the total heat input. The heat input values would translate to liquid H2 losses of 2.3, 1.3, and 0.2 pct/day, with the tank held at atmospheric pressure.

Thermal performance of a liquid hydrogen tank multilayer insulation system at warm boundary temperatures of 630, 530, and 152 R

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stochl, Robert J.; Knoll, Richard H.

1991-06-01

The results are presented of a study conducted to obtain experimental heat transfer data on a liquid hydrogen tank insulated with 34 layers of MLI (multilayer insulation) for warm side boundary temperatures of 630, 530, and 150 R. The MLI system consisted of two blankets, each blanket made up of alternate layers of double silk net (16 layers) and double aluminized Mylar radiation shields (15 layers) contained between two cover sheets of Dacron scrim reinforced Mylar. The insulation system was designed for and installed on an 87.6 in. diameter liquid hydrogen tank. Nominal layer density of the insulation blankets is 45 layers/in. The insulation system contained penetrations for structural support, plumbing, and electrical wiring that would be representative of a cryogenic spacecraft. The total steady state heat transfer rates into the test tank for shroud temperatures of 630, 530, 152 R were 164.4, 95.8, and 15.9 BTU/hr, respectively. The noninsulation heat leaks into the tank (12 fiberglass support struts, tank plumbing, and instrumentation lines) represent between 13 to 17 pct. of the total heat input. The heat input values would translate to liquid H2 losses of 2.3, 1.3, and 0.2 pct/day, with the tank held at atmospheric pressure.

78 FR 36793 - Notice of Intent To Grant Exclusive License.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-19

... entitled ``Thermal Insulation Systems,'' and U.S. Patent Application No. 61/776,639; NASA Case No. KSC-13777 entitled ``Layered Composite Thermal Insulation System for Non-Vacuum Applications,'' to XTherm LP...

49 CFR 236.74 - Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Rules and Instructions: All Systems Wires and Cables § 236.74 Protection of insulated...

49 CFR 236.74 - Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Rules and Instructions: All Systems Wires and Cables § 236.74 Protection of insulated...

49 CFR 236.74 - Protection of insulated wire; splice in underground wire.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES, AND APPLIANCES Rules and Instructions: All Systems Wires and Cables § 236.74 Protection of insulated...

Development of automatic through-insulation welding for microelectric interconnections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arnett, J. C.

1972-01-01

The capability to automatically route, remove insulation from, and weld small-diameter solid conductor wire is presented. This would facilitate the economical small-quantity production of complex miniature electronic assemblies. An engineering model of equipment having this capability was developed and evaluated. Whereas early work in the use of welded magnet wire interconnections was concentrated on opposed electrode systems, and generally used heat to melt the wire insulation, the present method is based on a concentric electrode system and a wire feed system which splits the insulation by application of pressure prior to welding. The work deals with the design, fabrication, and evaluation testing of an improved version of this concentric electrode system. Two different approaches to feeding the wire to the concentric electrodes were investigated. It was concluded that the process is feasible for the interconnection of complex miniature electronic assemblies.

Automotive Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Under a Space Act Agreement between Boeing North America and BSR Products, Space Shuttle Thermal Protection System (TPS) materials are now used to insulate race cars. BSR has created special TPS blanket insulation kits for use on autos that take part in NASCAR events, and other race cars through its nationwide catalog distribution system. Temperatures inside a race car's cockpit can soar to a sweltering 140 to 160 degrees, with the extreme heat coming through the engine firewall, transmission tunnel, and floor. It is common for NASCAR drivers to endure blisters and burns due to the excessive heat. Tests on a car insulated with the TPS material showed a temperature drop of some 50 degrees in the driver's cockpit. BSR-TPS Products, Inc. now manufactures insulation kits for distribution to race car teams around the world.

Accelerated aging test results for aerospace wire insulation constructions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunbar, William G.

1995-01-01

Several wire insulation constructions were evaluated with and without continuous glow discharges at low pressure and high temperature to determine the aging characteristics of acceptable wire insulation constructions. It was known at the beginning of the test program that insulation aging takes several years when operated at normal ambient temperature and pressure of 20 C and 760 torr. Likewise, it was known that the accelerated aging process decreases insulation life by approximately 50% for each 10 C temperature rise. Therefore, the first phases of the program, not reported in these test results, were to select wire insulation constructions that could operate at high temperature and low pressure for over 10,000 hours with negligible shrinkage and little materials' deterioration.The final phase of the program was to determine accelerated aging characteristics. When an insulation construction is subjected to partial discharges the insulation is locally heated by the bombardment of the discharges, the insulation is also subjected to ozone and other deteriorating gas particles that may significantly increase the aging process. Several insulation systems using either a single material or combinations of teflon, kapton, and glass insulation constructions were tested. All constructions were rated to be partial discharge and/or corona-free at 240 volts, 400 Hz and 260 C (500 F) for 50, 000 hours at altitudes equivalent to the Paschen law. Minimum partial discharge aging tests were preceded by screening tests lasting 20 hours at 260 C. The aging process was accelerated by subjecting the test articles to temperatures up to 370 C (700 F) with and without partial discharges. After one month operation with continuous glow discharges surrounding the test articles, most insulation systems were either destroyed or became brittle, cracked, and unsafe for use. Time with space radiation as with partial discharges is accumulative.

Accelerated aging test results for aerospace wire insulation constructions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dunbar, William G.

1995-11-01

Several wire insulation constructions were evaluated with and without continuous glow discharges at low pressure and high temperature to determine the aging characteristics of acceptable wire insulation constructions. It was known at the beginning of the test program that insulation aging takes several years when operated at normal ambient temperature and pressure of 20 C and 760 torr. Likewise, it was known that the accelerated aging process decreases insulation life by approximately 50% for each 10 C temperature rise. Therefore, the first phases of the program, not reported in these test results, were to select wire insulation constructions that could operate at high temperature and low pressure for over 10,000 hours with negligible shrinkage and little materials' deterioration.The final phase of the program was to determine accelerated aging characteristics. When an insulation construction is subjected to partial discharges the insulation is locally heated by the bombardment of the discharges, the insulation is also subjected to ozone and other deteriorating gas particles that may significantly increase the aging process. Several insulation systems using either a single material or combinations of teflon, kapton, and glass insulation constructions were tested. All constructions were rated to be partial discharge and/or corona-free at 240 volts, 400 Hz and 260 C (500 F) for 50, 000 hours at altitudes equivalent to the Paschen law. Minimum partial discharge aging tests were preceded by screening tests lasting 20 hours at 260 C. The aging process was accelerated by subjecting the test articles to temperatures up to 370 C (700 F) with and without partial discharges. After one month operation with continuous glow discharges surrounding the test articles, most insulation systems were either destroyed or became brittle, cracked, and unsafe for use. Time with space radiation as with partial discharges is accumulative.

Design and evaluation of thin metal surface insulation for hypersonic flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, R. C.; Petach, A. M.

1976-01-01

An all-metal insulation was studied as a thermal protection system for hypersonic vehicles. Key program goals included fabricating the insulation in thin packages which are optimized for high temperature insulation of an actively cooled aluminum structure, and the use of state-of-the-art alloys. The insulation was fabricated from 300 series stainless steel in thicknesses of 0.8 to 12 mm. The outer, 0.127 mm thick, skin was textured to accommodate thermal expansion and oxidized to increase emittance. The thin insulating package was achieved using an insulation concept consisting of foil radiation shields spaced within the package, and conical foil supports to carry loads from the skin and maintain package dimensions. Samples of the metal-insulation were tested to evaluate thermal insulation capability, rain and sand erosion resistance, high temperature oxidation resistance, applied load capability, and high temperature emittance.

Automatic Measuring System for Oil Stream Paraffin Deposits Parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kopteva, A. V.; Koptev, V. Yu

2018-03-01

This paper describes a new method for monitoring oil pipelines, as well as a highly efficient and automated paraffin deposit monitoring method. When operating oil pipelines, there is an issue of paraffin, resin and salt deposits on the pipeline walls that come with the oil stream. It ultimately results in frequent transportation suspension to clean or even replace pipes and other equipment, thus shortening operation periods between repairs, creating emergency situations and increasing production expenses, badly affecting environment, damaging ecology and spoil underground water, killing animals, birds etc. Oil spills contaminate rivers, lakes, and ground waters. Oil transportation monitoring issues are still subject for further studying. Thus, there is the need to invent a radically new automated process control and management system, together with measurement means intellectualization. The measurement principle is based on the Lambert-Beer law that describes the dependence between the gamma-radiation frequency and the density together with the linear attenuation coefficient for a substance. Using the measuring system with high accuracy (± 0,2%), one can measure the thickness of paraffin deposits with an absolute accuracy of ± 5 mm, which is sufficient to ensure reliable operation of the pipeline system. Safety is a key advantage, when using the proposed control system.

40 CFR 63.1381 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... wool fiberglass to which a phenol-formaldehyde binder has been applied. Building insulation means bonded wool fiberglass insulation, having a loss on ignition of less than 8 percent and a density of less... charger systems, heat exchangers, melter cooling system, exhaust system, refractory brick work, fuel...

40 CFR 63.1381 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... wool fiberglass to which a phenol-formaldehyde binder has been applied. Building insulation means bonded wool fiberglass insulation, having a loss on ignition of less than 8 percent and a density of less... charger systems, heat exchangers, melter cooling system, exhaust system, refractory brick work, fuel...

Acquisition of He3 Cryostat Insert for Experiments on Topological Insulators

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-03

facilitated transport experiments on topological insulators and Dirac and Weyl semimetals. These experiments resulted in several notable achievements and...Approved for Public Release; Distribution Unlimited Final Report: Acquisition of He3 Cryostat Insert for Experiments on Topological Insulators . The views...Experiments on Topological Insulators . Report Title The award enabled the PI to acquire a complete cryogenic system with a 9-Tesla superconducting magnet. The

Tunable inverse topological heterostructure utilizing ( B i 1 - x I n x ) 2 S e 3 and multichannel weak-antilocalization effect

DOE PAGES

Brahlek, Matthew J.; Koirala, Nikesh; Liu, Jianpeng; ...

2016-03-10

In typical topological insulator (TI) systems the TI is bordered by a non-TI insulator, and the surrounding conventional insulators, including vacuum, are not generally treated as part of the TI system. Here, we implement a material system where the roles are reversed, and the topological surface states form around the non-TI (instead of the TI) layers. This is realized by growing a layer of the tunable non-TI (Bi 1-xIn x) 2Se 3 in between two layers of the TI Bi 2Se 3 using the atomically precise molecular beam epitaxy technique. On this tunable inverse topological platform, we systematically vary themore » thickness and the composition of the (Bi 1-xIn x) 2Se 3 layer and show that this tunes the coupling between the TI layers from strongly coupled metallic to weakly coupled, and finally to a fully decoupled insulating regime. This system can be used to probe the fundamental nature of coupling in TI materials and provides a tunable insulating layer for TI devices.« less

Detail of pipeline on trestle with redwood tank and old ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Detail of pipeline on trestle with redwood tank and old rain shed (Building No. 43) on either side. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

Steel tanks T5 and T4 with overhead pipeline between. Redwood ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Steel tanks T5 and T4 with overhead pipeline between. Redwood tanks seen in background - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

78 FR 27217 - Combined Notice of Filings

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-09

...: RP13-845-000. Applicants: ETC Tiger Pipeline, LLC. Description: ETC Tiger 2013--System Map Filing to be...-859-000. Applicants: ETC Tiger Pipeline, LLC. Description: ETC Tiger 2013 Semi-Annual Fuel Filing 4/30...

Leak detection in gas pipeline by acoustic and signal processing - A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adnan, N. F.; Ghazali, M. F.; Amin, M. M.; Hamat, A. M. A.

2015-12-01

The pipeline system is the most important part in media transport in order to deliver fluid to another station. The weak maintenance and poor safety will contribute to financial losses in term of fluid waste and environmental impacts. There are many classifications of techniques to make it easier to show their specific method and application. This paper's discussion about gas leak detection in pipeline system using acoustic method will be presented in this paper. The wave propagation in the pipeline is a key parameter in acoustic method when the leak occurs and the pressure balance of the pipe will generated by the friction between wall in the pipe. The signal processing is used to decompose the raw signal and show in time- frequency. Findings based on the acoustic method can be used for comparative study in the future. Acoustic signal and HHT is the best method to detect leak in gas pipelines. More experiments and simulation need to be carried out to get the fast result of leaking and estimation of their location.

An evolutionary approach to the architecture of effective healthcare delivery systems.

PubMed

Towill, D R; Christopher, M

2005-01-01

Aims to show that material flow concepts developed and successfully applied to commercial products and services can form equally well the architectural infrastructure of effective healthcare delivery systems. The methodology is based on the "power of analogy" which demonstrates that healthcare pipelines may be classified via the Time-Space Matrix. A small number (circa 4) of substantially different healthcare delivery pipelines will cover the vast majority of patient needs and simultaneously create adequate added value from their perspective. The emphasis is firmly placed on total process mapping and analysis via established identification techniques. Healthcare delivery pipelines must be properly engineered and matched to life cycle phase if the service is to be effective. This small family of healthcare delivery pipelines needs to be designed via adherence to very specific-to-purpose principles. These vary from "lean production" through to "agile delivery". The proposition for a strategic approach to healthcare delivery pipeline design is novel and positions much currently isolated research into a comprehensive organisational framework. It therefore provides a synthesis of the needs of global healthcare.

Design Improvements and Analysis of Innovative High-Level Waste Pipeline Unplugging Technologies - 12171

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pribanic, Tomas; Awwad, Amer; Crespo, Jairo

2012-07-01

Transferring high-level waste (HLW) between storage tanks or to treatment facilities is a common practice performed at the Department of Energy (DoE) sites. Changes in the chemical and/or physical properties of the HLW slurry during the transfer process may lead to the formation of blockages inside the pipelines resulting in schedule delays and increased costs. To improve DoE's capabilities in the event of a pipeline plugging incident, FIU has continued to develop two novel unplugging technologies: an asynchronous pulsing system and a peristaltic crawler. The asynchronous pulsing system uses a hydraulic pulse generator to create pressure disturbances at two oppositemore » inlet locations of the pipeline to dislodge blockages by attacking the plug from both sides remotely. The peristaltic crawler is a pneumatic/hydraulic operated crawler that propels itself by a sequence of pressurization/depressurization of cavities (inner tubes). The crawler includes a frontal attachment that has a hydraulically powered unplugging tool. In this paper, details of the asynchronous pulsing system's ability to unplug a pipeline on a small-scale test-bed and results from the experimental testing of the second generation peristaltic crawler are provided. The paper concludes with future improvements for the third generation crawler and a recommended path forward for the asynchronous pulsing testing. (authors)« less

The impact of cHS4 insulators on DNA transposon vector mobilization and silencing in retinal pigment epithelium cells.

PubMed

Sharma, Nynne; Hollensen, Anne Kruse; Bak, Rasmus O; Staunstrup, Nicklas Heine; Schrøder, Lisbeth Dahl; Mikkelsen, Jacob Giehm

2012-01-01

DNA transposons have become important vectors for efficient non-viral integration of transgenes into genomic DNA. The Sleeping Beauty (SB), piggyBac (PB), and Tol2 transposable elements have distinct biological properties and currently represent the most promising transposon systems for animal transgenesis and gene therapy. A potential obstacle, however, for persistent function of integrating vectors is transcriptional repression of the element and its genetic cargo. In this study we analyze the insulating effect of the 1.2-kb 5'-HS4 chicken β-globin (cHS4) insulator element in the context of SB, PB, and Tol2 transposon vectors. By examining transgene expression from genomically inserted transposon vectors encoding a marker gene driven by a silencing-prone promoter, we detect variable levels of transcriptional silencing for the three transposon systems in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Notably, the PB system seems less vulnerable to silencing. Incorporation of cHS4 insulator sequences into the transposon vectors results in 2.2-fold and 1.5-fold increased transgene expression levels for insulated SB and PB vectors, respectively, but an improved persistency of expression was not obtained for insulated transgenes. Colony formation assays and quantitative excision assays unveil enhanced SB transposition efficiencies by the inclusion of the cHS4 element, resulting in a significant increase in the stable transfection rate for insulated SB transposon vectors in human cell lines. Our findings reveal a positive impact of cHS4 insulator inclusion for SB and PB vectors in terms of increased transgene expression levels and improved SB stable transfection rates, but also the lack of a long-term protective effect of the cHS4 insulator against progressive transgene silencing in retinal pigment epithelium cells.

The Impact of cHS4 Insulators on DNA Transposon Vector Mobilization and Silencing in Retinal Pigment Epithelium Cells

PubMed Central

Sharma, Nynne; Hollensen, Anne Kruse; Bak, Rasmus O.; Staunstrup, Nicklas Heine; Schrøder, Lisbeth Dahl; Mikkelsen, Jacob Giehm

2012-01-01

DNA transposons have become important vectors for efficient non-viral integration of transgenes into genomic DNA. The Sleeping Beauty (SB), piggyBac (PB), and Tol2 transposable elements have distinct biological properties and currently represent the most promising transposon systems for animal transgenesis and gene therapy. A potential obstacle, however, for persistent function of integrating vectors is transcriptional repression of the element and its genetic cargo. In this study we analyze the insulating effect of the 1.2-kb 5′-HS4 chicken β-globin (cHS4) insulator element in the context of SB, PB, and Tol2 transposon vectors. By examining transgene expression from genomically inserted transposon vectors encoding a marker gene driven by a silencing-prone promoter, we detect variable levels of transcriptional silencing for the three transposon systems in retinal pigment epithelium cells. Notably, the PB system seems less vulnerable to silencing. Incorporation of cHS4 insulator sequences into the transposon vectors results in 2.2-fold and 1.5-fold increased transgene expression levels for insulated SB and PB vectors, respectively, but an improved persistency of expression was not obtained for insulated transgenes. Colony formation assays and quantitative excision assays unveil enhanced SB transposition efficiencies by the inclusion of the cHS4 element, resulting in a significant increase in the stable transfection rate for insulated SB transposon vectors in human cell lines. Our findings reveal a positive impact of cHS4 insulator inclusion for SB and PB vectors in terms of increased transgene expression levels and improved SB stable transfection rates, but also the lack of a long-term protective effect of the cHS4 insulator against progressive transgene silencing in retinal pigment epithelium cells. PMID:23110238

Final Technical Report: Electromagnetic Pump Insulation Materials Development and Testing (PLM-DOC-0005-2465) Report # DOEGEHB00613

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Krahn, John; Reed, Claude; Loewen, Eric

Final Technical Report: Electromagnetic Pump Insulation Materials Development and Testing (Report # DOEGEHB00613) summarizes the information gathered from the analysis of the 160 m3/min EM Pump insulation that was tested in 2000-2002 and additional evaluations of new resilient, engineered insulation system evaluated and tested at both GRC and ANL. This report provides information on Tasks 1 and 2 of the entire project. This report also provides information in three broad areas: Historical and current data; Conclusions based on test data; and Insulation specifications for use in EM Pumps. The research for Task 2 builds upon Task 1: Update EM Pumpmore » Databank, which is summarized within this report. Where research for Task 3 and 4 Next-Generation EM Pump Analysis Tools identified parameters or analysis model that benefits Task 2 research, those items are noted within this report. The important design variables for the manufacture and operation of an EM Pump that the insulation research can evaluate are: space constraints; voltage capability of insulation system; maximum flux density through iron; flow rate and outlet pressure; efficiency and manufacturability. The development summary of the Electromagnetic Pump Insulation Materials Development and Testing was completed to include: Historical and current data; Conclusions based on test data; and Insulation specifications for use in EM Pumps.« less

Development of tailorable advanced blanket insulation for advanced space transportation systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calamito, Dominic P.

1987-01-01

Two items of Tailorable Advanced Blanket Insulation (TABI) for Advanced Space Transportation Systems were produced. The first consisted of flat panels made from integrally woven, 3-D fluted core having parallel fabric faces and connecting ribs of Nicalon silicon carbide yarns. The triangular cross section of the flutes were filled with mandrels of processed Q-Fiber Felt. Forty panels were prepared with only minimal problems, mostly resulting from the unavailability of insulation with the proper density. Rigidizing the fluted fabric prior to inserting the insulation reduced the production time. The procedures for producing the fabric, insulation mandrels, and TABI panels are described. The second item was an effort to determine the feasibility of producing contoured TABI shapes from gores cut from flat, insulated fluted core panels. Two gores of integrally woven fluted core and single ply fabric (ICAS) were insulated and joined into a large spherical shape employing a tadpole insulator at the mating edges. The fluted core segment of each ICAS consisted of an Astroquartz face fabric and Nicalon face and rib fabrics, while the single ply fabric segment was Nicalon. Further development will be required. The success of fabricating this assembly indicates that this concept may be feasible for certain types of space insulation requirements. The procedures developed for weaving the ICAS, joining the gores, and coating certain areas of the fabrics are presented.

Unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in topological insulator/ferromagnetic layer heterostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kally, James; Lv, Yang; Zhang, Delin; Lee, Joon Sue; Samarth, Nitin; Wang, Jian-Ping; Department of Electrical; Computer Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis Collaboration; Department of Physics, Pennsylvania State University Collaboration

The surface states of topological insulators offer a potentially very efficient way to generate spins and spin-orbit torques to magnetic moments in proximity. The switching by spin-orbit torque itself only requires two terminals so that a charge current can be applied. However, a third terminal with additional magnetic tunneling junction structure is needed to sense the magnetization state if such devices are used for memory and logic applications. The recent discovery of unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in heavy metal/ferromagnetic and topological insulator/magnetically doped topological insulator systems offers an alternative way to sense magnetization while still keeping the number of terminals to minimal two. The unidirectional spin Hall magnetoresistance in topological insulator/strong ferromagnetic layer heterostructure system has yet not been reported. In this work, we report our experimental observations of such magnetoresistance. It is found to be present and comparable to the best result of the previous reported Ta/Co systems in terms of magnetoresistance per current density per total resistance.

Heat Transfer Study for HTS Power Transfer Cables

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Augustynowicz, S.; Fesmire, J.

2002-01-01

Thermal losses are a key factor in the successful application of high temperature superconducting (HTS) power cables. Existing concepts and prototypes rely on the use of multilayer insulation (MLI) systems that are subject to large variations in actual performance. The small space available for the thermal insulation materials makes the application even more difficult because of bending considerations, mechanical loading, and the arrangement between the inner and outer piping. Each of these mechanical variables affects the heat leak rate. These factors of bending and spacing are examined in this study. Furthermore, a maintenance-free insulation system (high vacuum level for 20 years or longer) is a practical requirement. A thermal insulation system simulating a section of a flexible FITS power cable was constructed for test and evaluation on a research cryostat. This paper gives experimental data for the comparison of ideal MLI, MLI on rigid piping, and MLI between flexible piping. A section of insulated flexible piping was tested under cryogenic vacuum conditions including simulated bending and spacers.

Sound source measurement by using a passive sound insulation and a statistical approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dragonetti, Raffaele; Di Filippo, Sabato; Mercogliano, Francesco; Romano, Rosario A.

2015-10-01

This paper describes a measurement technique developed by the authors that allows carrying out acoustic measurements inside noisy environments reducing background noise effects. The proposed method is based on the integration of a traditional passive noise insulation system with a statistical approach. The latter is applied to signals picked up by usual sensors (microphones and accelerometers) equipping the passive sound insulation system. The statistical approach allows improving of the sound insulation given only by the passive sound insulation system at low frequency. The developed measurement technique has been validated by means of numerical simulations and measurements carried out inside a real noisy environment. For the case-studies here reported, an average improvement of about 10 dB has been obtained in a frequency range up to about 250 Hz. Considerations on the lower sound pressure level that can be measured by applying the proposed method and the measurement error related to its application are reported as well.

Identifying Two-Dimensional Z 2 Antiferromagnetic Topological Insulators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bègue, F.; Pujol, P.; Ramazashvili, R.

2018-01-01

We revisit the question of whether a two-dimensional topological insulator may arise in a commensurate Néel antiferromagnet, where staggered magnetization breaks the symmetry with respect to both elementary translation and time reversal, but retains their product as a symmetry. In contrast to the so-called Z 2 topological insulators, an exhaustive characterization of antiferromagnetic topological phases with the help of topological invariants has been missing. We analyze a simple model of an antiferromagnetic topological insulator and chart its phase diagram, using a recently proposed criterion for centrosymmetric systems [13]. We then adapt two methods, originally designed for paramagnetic systems, and make antiferromagnetic topological phases manifest. The proposed methods apply far beyond the particular examples treated in this work, and admit straightforward generalization. We illustrate this by two examples of non-centrosymmetric systems, where no simple criteria have been known to identify topological phases. We also present, for some cases, an explicit construction of edge states in an antiferromagnetic topological insulator.

Education or Incarceration: Zero Tolerance Policies and the School to Prison Pipeline

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heitzeg, Nancy A.

2009-01-01

In the past decade, there has been a growing convergence between schools and legal systems. The school to prison pipeline refers to this growing pattern of tracking students out of educational institutions, primarily via "zero tolerance" policies, and, directly and/or indirectly, into the juvenile and adult criminal justice systems. The school to…

Evaluation of three thermal protection systems in a hypersonic high-heating-rate environment induced by an elevon deflected 30 deg

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, A. H.; Jackson, L. R.; Weinstein, I.

1977-01-01

Three thermal protection systems proposed for a hypersonic research airplane were subjected to high heating rates in the Langley 8 foot, high temperature structures tunnel. Metallic heat sink (Lockalloy), reusable surface insulation, and insulator-ablator materials were each tested under similar conditions. The specimens were tested for a 10 second exposure on the windward side of an elevon deflected 30 deg. The metallic heat sink panel exhibited no damage; whereas the reusable surface insulation tiles were debonded from the panel and the insulator-ablator panel eroded through its thickness, thus exposing the aluminum structure to the Mach 7 environment.

Investigation of high voltage spacecraft system interactions with plasma environments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, N. J.; Berkopec, F. D.; Purvis, C. K.; Grier, N.; Staskus, J. V.

1978-01-01

An experimental investigation was undertaken for insulator and conductor test surfaces biased up to + or - 1kV in a simulated low earth orbit charged particle environment. It was found that these interactions are controlled by the insulator surfaces surrounding the biased conductors. For positive applied voltages the electron current collection can be enhanced by the insulators. For negative applied voltages the insulator surface confines the voltage to the conductor region. Understanding these interactions and the technology to control their impact on system operation is essential to the design of solar cell arrays for ion drive propulsion applications that use direct drive power processing.

Panelized wall system with foam core insulation

DOEpatents

Kosny, Jan [Oak Ridge, TN; Gaskin, Sally [Houston, TX

2009-10-20

A wall system includes a plurality of wall members, the wall members having a first metal panel, a second metal panel, and an insulating core between the first panel and the second panel. At least one of the first panel and the second panel include ridge portions. The insulating core can be a foam, such as a polyurethane foam. The foam can include at least one opacifier to improve the k-factor of the foam.

Methods for locating ground faults and insulation degradation condition in energy conversion systems

DOEpatents

Agamy, Mohamed; Elasser, Ahmed; Galbraith, Anthony William; Harfman Todorovic, Maja

2015-08-11

Methods for determining a ground fault or insulation degradation condition within energy conversion systems are described. A method for determining a ground fault within an energy conversion system may include, in part, a comparison of baseline waveform of differential current to a waveform of differential current during operation for a plurality of DC current carrying conductors in an energy conversion system. A method for determining insulation degradation within an energy conversion system may include, in part, a comparison of baseline frequency spectra of differential current to a frequency spectra of differential current transient at start-up for a plurality of DC current carrying conductors in an energy conversion system. In one embodiment, the energy conversion system may be a photovoltaic system.

Mars transit vehicle thermal protection system: Issues, options, and trades

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, Norman

1986-01-01

A Mars mission is characterized by different mission phases. The thermal control of cryogenic propellant in a propulsive vehicle must withstand the different mission environments. Long term cryogenic storage may be achieved by passive or active systems. Passive cryo boiloff management features will include multilayer insulation, vapor cooled shield, and low conductance structural supports and penetrations. Active boiloff management incorporates the use of a refrigeration system. Key system trade areas include active verses passive system boiloff management (with respect to safety, reliability, and cost) and propellant tank insulation optimizations. Technology requirements include refrigeration technology advancements, insulation performance during long exposure, and cryogenic fluid transfer system for mission vehicle propellant tanking during vehicle buildip in LEO.

49 CFR 236.108 - Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... cables. 236.108 Section 236.108 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES... Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and cables. (a) Insulation resistance of wires and cables...

49 CFR 236.108 - Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... cables. 236.108 Section 236.108 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES... Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and cables. (a) Insulation resistance of wires and cables...

49 CFR 236.108 - Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... cables. 236.108 Section 236.108 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued... THE INSTALLATION, INSPECTION, MAINTENANCE, AND REPAIR OF SIGNAL AND TRAIN CONTROL SYSTEMS, DEVICES... Insulation resistance tests, wires in trunking and cables. (a) Insulation resistance of wires and cables...

Micalastic high-voltage insulation: Design features and experience

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wichmann, A.

1981-12-01

High-quality mica, carefully selected epoxy resins and a well-matched vacuum/pressure impregnation process determine the characteristics of the MICALASTIC insulation for large turbine-generators. Logical development and process manufacturing quality control have led to an insulation system of high quality and operating reliability. The first winding of a turbine-generator being impregnated and cured under vacuum with solvent-free synthetic resin in 1958 was designed for 10.5 kV rated voltage. Ever since, Siemens AG and Kraftwerk Union AG have used this type of insulation for all direct-cooled windings and also for an increasing number of indirect-cooled windings. At present, 240 turbine-generators with a total of more than 115,000 MVA output have been built. Since 1960, this insulation system has been registered for Siemens AG under the trade name MICALASTIC. The stator windings of the largest, single-shaft generators to date, rated 1560 MVA, 27 kV, has been built with MICALASTIC insulation.

The Structural Heat Intercept-Insulation-Vibration Evaluation Rig (SHIVER)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, W. L.; Zoeckler, J. G.; Best-Ameen, L. M.

2015-01-01

NASA is currently investigating methods to reduce the boil-off rate on large cryogenic upper stages. Two such methods to reduce the total heat load on existing upper stages are vapor cooling of the cryogenic tank support structure and integration of thick multilayer insulation systems to the upper stage of a launch vehicle. Previous efforts have flown a 2-layer MLI blanket and shown an improved thermal performance, and other efforts have ground-tested blankets up to 70 layers thick on tanks with diameters between 2 3 meters. However, thick multilayer insulation installation and testing in both thermal and structural modes has not been completed on a large scale tank. Similarly, multiple vapor cooled shields are common place on science payload helium dewars; however, minimal effort has gone into intercepting heat on large structural surfaces associated with rocket stages. A majority of the vapor cooling effort focuses on metallic cylinders called skirts, which are the most common structural components for launch vehicles. In order to provide test data for comparison with analytical models, a representative test tank is currently being designed to include skirt structural systems with integral vapor cooling. The tank is 4 m in diameter and 6.8 m tall to contain 5000 kg of liquid hydrogen. A multilayer insulation system will be designed to insulate the tank and structure while being installed in a representative manner that can be extended to tanks up to 10 meters in diameter. In order to prove that the insulation system and vapor cooling attachment methods are structurally sound, acoustic testing will also be performed on the system. The test tank with insulation and vapor cooled shield installed will be tested thermally in the B2 test facility at NASAs Plumbrook Station both before and after being vibration tested at Plumbrooks Space Power Facility.

In-Situ Wire Damage Detection System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Martha; Roberson, Luke; Tate, Lanetra; Smith, Trent; Gibson, Tracy; Medelius, Pedro; Jolley, Scott

2012-01-01

An In-Situ Wire Damage Detection System (ISWDDS) has been developed that is capable of detecting damage to a wire insulation, or a wire conductor, or to both. The system will allow for realtime, continuous monitoring of wiring health/integrity and reduce the number of false negatives and false positives while being smaller, lighter in weight, and more robust than current systems. The technology allows for improved safety and significant reduction in maintenance hours for aircraft, space vehicles, satellites, and other critical high-performance wiring systems for industries such as energy production and mining. The integrated ISWDDS is comprised of two main components: (1) a wire with an innermost core conductor, an inner insulation film, a conductive layer or inherently conductive polymer (ICP) covering the inner insulation film, an outermost insulation jacket; and (2) smart connectors and electronics capable of producing and detecting electronic signals, and a central processing unit (CPU) for data collection and analysis. The wire is constructed by applying the inner insulation films to the conductor, followed by the outer insulation jacket. The conductive layer or ICP is on the outer surface of the inner insulation film. One or more wires are connected to the CPU using the smart connectors, and up to 64 wires can be monitored in real-time. The ISWDDS uses time domain reflectometry for damage detection. A fast-risetime pulse is injected into either the core conductor or conductive layer and referenced against the other conductor, producing transmission line behavior. If either conductor is damaged, then the signal is reflected. By knowing the speed of propagation of the pulse, and the time it takes to reflect, one can calculate the distance to and location of the damage.

Inspecting Pipe Radiographically Through Asbestos Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gianettino, David P.

1994-01-01

Welds between sections of insulated steampipe located and inspected radiographically. Unless need to repair defective weld, one avoids cost, time, and hazard of removing asbestos insulation. Enables inspectors to locate and evaluate nondestructively any weld in pipe system, without shutting down steam. Hidden weld joints first located by use of low-power fluoroscope, moved along pipe while technician observes fluoroscopic image. Low-energy x rays from fluoroscope penetrate insulation but not pipe. Weld bead appears in silhouette on fluoroscope screen. Technician then accurately marks weld sites on insulation for later inspection.

77 FR 3762 - Magellan Pipeline Company, L.P.; Notice of Petition for Declaratory Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-25

... declaratory order that approves priority committed space and the overall rate structure involving the proposed partial reversal and expansion of Magellan's refined petroleum products pipeline system in Texas to move...

Influence of Insulation Monitoring Devices on the Operation of DC Control Circuits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olszowiec, Piotr, E-mail: olpio@o2.pl

The insulation level of DC control circuits is an important safety-critical factor and, thus, should be subject to continuous and periodic monitoring. The methods used for monitoring the insulation in live circuits may, however, disturb the reliable operation of control relays. The risks of misoperation and failure to reset of relays posed by the operation of various insulation monitoring and fault location systems are evaluated.

International space station wire program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

May, Todd

1995-01-01

Hardware provider wire systems and current wire insulation issues for the International Space Station (ISS) program are discussed in this viewgraph presentation. Wire insulation issues include silicone wire contamination, Tefzel cold temperature flexibility, and Russian polyimide wire insulation. ISS is a complex program with hardware developed and managed by many countries and hundreds of contractors. Most of the obvious wire insulation issues are known by contractors and have been precluded by proper selection.

U. K. to resume natural gas imports

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-02-17

This paper reports that the U.K. government has opened the way for resuming gas imports into Britain by approving a contract signed by U.K. electric power utility National Power to buy gas from Norway. A new joint marketing venture of BP Exploration, Den norske stats oljeselskap AS (Statoil), and Norsk Hydro AS also will be allowed to import gas for electric power plant fuel once it has a contract. National Power and the BP/Statoil/Norsk Hydro group will use the Frigg pipeline from Norwegian waters into St. Fergus, north of Aberdeen, the only existing link between the British transmission system andmore » foreign supplies of gas. Meantime, progress is under way toward a second pipeline to link the U.K. with foreign natural gas supplies, calling for a pipeline across the English Channel joining the continental European pipeline system to the U.K. network.« less

Evaluation of propellant tank insulation concepts for low-thrust chemical propulsion systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kramer, T.; Brogren, E.; Seigel, B.

1984-01-01

An analytical evaluation of cryogenic propellant tank insulations for liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen low-thrust 2224N (500 lbf) propulsion systems (LTPS) was conducted. The insulation studied consisted of combinations of N2-purged foam and multilayer insulation (MLI) as well as He-purged MLI-only. Heat leak and payload performance predictions were made for three Shuttle-launched LTPS designed for Shuttle bay packaged payload densities of 56 kg/cu m, 40 kg/cu m and 24 kg/cu m. Foam/MLI insulations were found to increase LTPS payload delivery capability when compared with He-purged MLI-only. An additional benefit of foam/MLI was reduced operational complexity because Orbiter cargo bay N2 purge gas could be used for MLI purging. Maximum payload mass benefit occurred when an enhanced convection, rather than natural convection, heat transfer was specified for the insulation purge enclosure. The enhanced convection environment allowed minimum insulation thickness to be used for the foam/MLI interface temperature selected to correspond to the moisture dew point in the N2 purge gas. Experimental verification of foam/MLI benefits was recommended. A conservative program cost estimate for testing a MLI-foam insulated tank was 2.1 million dollars. It was noted this cost could be reduced significantly without increasing program risk.

Metal Building Insulation System Provides Energy Savings and Noise Control.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

School Business Affairs, 1979

1979-01-01

Thermal efficiency increased substantially when an underdeck metal building insulation system was used at the North Valley Occupational Center, an aircraft mechanic's school located at the edge of the Van Nuys, California, airport. (Author)

46 CFR 111.60-21 - Cable insulation tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable insulation tests. 111.60-21 Section 111.60-21 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... electric power and lighting and associated equipment must be checked for proper insulation resistance to...

46 CFR 111.60-21 - Cable insulation tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cable insulation tests. 111.60-21 Section 111.60-21 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... electric power and lighting and associated equipment must be checked for proper insulation resistance to...

46 CFR 111.60-21 - Cable insulation tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cable insulation tests. 111.60-21 Section 111.60-21 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... electric power and lighting and associated equipment must be checked for proper insulation resistance to...

46 CFR 111.60-21 - Cable insulation tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cable insulation tests. 111.60-21 Section 111.60-21 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... electric power and lighting and associated equipment must be checked for proper insulation resistance to...

46 CFR 111.60-21 - Cable insulation tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cable insulation tests. 111.60-21 Section 111.60-21 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS... electric power and lighting and associated equipment must be checked for proper insulation resistance to...

Method of measuring thermal conductivity of high performance insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hyde, E. H.; Russell, L. D.

1968-01-01

Method accurately measures the thermal conductivity of high-performance sheet insulation as a discrete function of temperature. It permits measurements to be made at temperature drops of approximately 10 degrees F across the insulation and ensures measurement accuracy by minimizing longitudinal heat losses in the system.

High voltage gas insulated transmission line with continuous particle trapping

DOEpatents

Cookson, Alan H.; Dale, Steinar J.

1983-01-01

This invention provides a novel high voltage gas insulated transmission line utilizing insulating supports spaced at intervals with snap-in means for supporting a continuous trapping apparatus and said trapping apparatus having perforations and cutouts to facilitate trapping of contaminating particles and system flexibility.

Reliability Improvement of Ground Fault Protection System Using an S-Type Horn Attachment Gap in AC Feeding System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ajiki, Kohji; Morimoto, Hiroaki; Shimokawa, Fumiyuki; Sakai, Shinya; Sasaki, Kazuomi; Sato, Ryogo

Contact wires used in feeding system for electric railroad are insulated by insulators. However, insulation of an insulator sometimes breaks down by surface dirt of an insulator and contact with a bird. The insulator breakdown derives a ground fault in feeding system. Ground fault will cause a human electric shock and a destruction of low voltage electric equipment. In order to prevent the damage by ground fault, an S-type horn has been applicable as equipped on insulators of negative feeder and protective wire until present. However, a concrete pole breaks down at the time of the ground fault because a spark-over voltage of the S-type horn is higher than a breakdown voltage of a concrete pole. Farther, the S-type horn installed in the steel tube pole does not discharge a case, because the earth resistance of a steel tube pole is very small. We assumed that we could solve these troubles by changing the power frequency spark-over voltage of the S-type horn from 12kV to 3kV. Accordingly, we developed an attachment gap that should be used to change the power frequency spark-over voltage of the S-type horn from 12kV to 3kV. The attachment gap consists of a gas gap arrester and a zinc oxide element. By the dynamic current test and the artificial ground fault test, we confirmed that the attachment gap in the S-type horn could prevent a trouble at the time of the ground fault.

Integrating the ODI-PPA scientific gateway with the QuickReduce pipeline for on-demand processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Young, Michael D.; Kotulla, Ralf; Gopu, Arvind; Liu, Wilson

2014-07-01

As imaging systems improve, the size of astronomical data has continued to grow, making the transfer and processing of data a significant burden. To solve this problem for the WIYN Observatory One Degree Imager (ODI), we developed the ODI-Portal, Pipeline, and Archive (ODI-PPA) science gateway, integrating the data archive, data reduction pipelines, and a user portal. In this paper, we discuss the integration of the QuickReduce (QR) pipeline into PPA's Tier 2 processing framework. QR is a set of parallelized, stand-alone Python routines accessible to all users, and operators who can create master calibration products and produce standardized calibrated data, with a short turn-around time. Upon completion, the data are ingested into the archive and portal, and made available to authorized users. Quality metrics and diagnostic plots are generated and presented via the portal for operator approval and user perusal. Additionally, users can tailor the calibration process to their specific science objective(s) by selecting custom datasets, applying preferred master calibrations or generating their own, and selecting pipeline options. Submission of a QuickReduce job initiates data staging, pipeline execution, and ingestion of output data products all while allowing the user to monitor the process status, and to download or further process/analyze the output within the portal. User-generated data products are placed into a private user-space within the portal. ODI-PPA leverages cyberinfrastructure at Indiana University including the Big Red II supercomputer, the Scholarly Data Archive tape system and the Data Capacitor shared file system.

Influence of a source line position on results of EM observations applied to the diagnostics of underground heating system pipelines in urban area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vetrov, A.

2009-05-01

The condition of underground constructions, communication and supply systems in the cities has to be periodically monitored and controlled in order to prevent their breakage, which can result in serious accident, especially in urban area. The most risk of damage have the underground construction made of steal such as pipelines widely used for water, gas and heat supply. To ensure the pipeline survivability it is necessary to carry out the operative and inexpensive control of pipelines condition. Induced electromagnetic methods of geophysics can be applied to provide such diagnostics. The highly developed surface in urbane area is one of cause hampering the realization of electromagnetic methods of diagnostics. The main problem is in finding of an appropriate place for the source line and electrodes on a limited surface area and their optimal position relative to the observation path to minimize their influence on observed data. Author made a number of experiments of an underground heating system pipeline diagnostics using different position of the source line and electrodes. The experiments were made on a 200 meters section over 2 meters deep pipeline. The admissible length of the source line and angle between the source line and the observation path were determined. The minimal length of the source line for the experiment conditions and accuracy made 30 meters, the maximum admissible angle departure from the perpendicular position made 30 degrees. The work was undertaken in cooperation with diagnostics company DIsSO, Saint-Petersburg, Russia.

Providing Situational Awareness for Pipeline Control Operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Butts, Jonathan; Kleinhans, Hugo; Chandia, Rodrigo; Papa, Mauricio; Shenoi, Sujeet

A SCADA system for a single 3,000-mile-long strand of oil or gas pipeline may employ several thousand field devices to measure process parameters and operate equipment. Because of the vital tasks performed by these sensors and actuators, pipeline operators need accurate and timely information about their status and integrity. This paper describes a realtime scanner that provides situational awareness about SCADA devices and control operations. The scanner, with the assistance of lightweight, distributed sensors, analyzes SCADA network traffic, verifies the operational status and integrity of field devices, and identifies anomalous activity. Experimental results obtained using real pipeline control traffic demonstrate the utility of the scanner in industrial settings.

Text-based Analytics for Biosurveillance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Charles, Lauren E.; Smith, William P.; Rounds, Jeremiah

The ability to prevent, mitigate, or control a biological threat depends on how quickly the threat is identified and characterized. Ensuring the timely delivery of data and analytics is an essential aspect of providing adequate situational awareness in the face of a disease outbreak. This chapter outlines an analytic pipeline for supporting an advanced early warning system that can integrate multiple data sources and provide situational awareness of potential and occurring disease situations. The pipeline, includes real-time automated data analysis founded on natural language processing (NLP), semantic concept matching, and machine learning techniques, to enrich content with metadata related tomore » biosurveillance. Online news articles are presented as an example use case for the pipeline, but the processes can be generalized to any textual data. In this chapter, the mechanics of a streaming pipeline are briefly discussed as well as the major steps required to provide targeted situational awareness. The text-based analytic pipeline includes various processing steps as well as identifying article relevance to biosurveillance (e.g., relevance algorithm) and article feature extraction (who, what, where, why, how, and when). The ability to prevent, mitigate, or control a biological threat depends on how quickly the threat is identified and characterized. Ensuring the timely delivery of data and analytics is an essential aspect of providing adequate situational awareness in the face of a disease outbreak. This chapter outlines an analytic pipeline for supporting an advanced early warning system that can integrate multiple data sources and provide situational awareness of potential and occurring disease situations. The pipeline, includes real-time automated data analysis founded on natural language processing (NLP), semantic concept matching, and machine learning techniques, to enrich content with metadata related to biosurveillance. Online news articles are presented as an example use case for the pipeline, but the processes can be generalized to any textual data. In this chapter, the mechanics of a streaming pipeline are briefly discussed as well as the major steps required to provide targeted situational awareness. The text-based analytic pipeline includes various processing steps as well as identifying article relevance to biosurveillance (e.g., relevance algorithm) and article feature extraction (who, what, where, why, how, and when).« less

Hardware and software facilities for the J-PAS and J-PLUS surveys archiving, processing and data publication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cristóbal-Hornillos, D.; Varela, J.; Ederoclite, A.; Vázquez Ramió, H.; López-Sainz, A.; Hernández-Fuertes, J.; Civera, T.; Muniesa, D.; Moles, M.; Cenarro, A. J.; Marín-Franch, A.; Yanes-Díaz, A.

2015-05-01

The Observatorio Astrofísico de Javalambre consists of two main telescopes: JST/T250, a 2.5 m telescope with a FoV of 3 deg, and JAST/T80, a 83 cm with a 2 deg FoV. JST/T250 will be devoted to complete the Javalambre-PAU Astronomical Survey (J-PAS). It is a photometric survey with a system of 54 narrow-band plus 3 broad-band filters covering an area of 8500°^2. The JAST/T80 will perform the J-PLUS survey, covering the same area in a system of 12 filters. This contribution presents the software and hardware architecture designed to store and process the data. The processing pipeline runs daily and it is devoted to correct instrumental signature on the science images, to perform astrometric and photometric calibration, and the computation of individual image catalogs. In a second stage, the pipeline performs the combination of the tile mosaics and the computation of final catalogs. The catalogs are ingested in as Scientific database to be provided to the community. The processing software is connected with a management database to store persistent information about the pipeline operations done on each frame. The processing pipeline is executed in a computing cluster under a batch queuing system. Regarding the storage system, it will combine disk and tape technologies. The disk storage system will have capacity to store the data that is accessed by the pipeline. The tape library will store and archive the raw data and earlier data releases with lower access frequency.

Energy saving performance of a combined insulation system in the rural houses of west China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Qiubo; Liu, Yu; Wang, Yang

2018-05-01

Deficiency of thermal insulation structure has caused discomfort of indoor thermal environment in the general rural houses in west China. This paper introduces a series of field investigations on the energy saving performance of a combined insulation system (CIS) in the rural houses of west China. The results show that, comparing to an ordinary rural house in the same region, CIS can reduce heating energy consumption for about 21.5 percent.

Advanced Soldier Thermoelectric Power System for Power Generation from Battlefield Heat Sources

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

Figure 6.10 TE Module with Microtherm Added Around & Between Legs ............................................................... 57  Figure 6.11 Short... Microtherm ® insulation, 2.6 (W) of heater power was required to maintain a temperature of 400 ºC. This is an indication of the losses in the system...side of the module to the cold plate.  Pour in Microtherm to insulate the module.  Make sure to clean all insulation from the hot side electrodes

Development of advanced materials composites for use as insulations for LH2 tanks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lemons, C. R.; Salmassy, O. K.

1973-01-01

A study of thread-reinforced polyurethane foam and glass fabric liner, serving as internally bonded insulation for space shuttle LH2 tanks, is reported. Emphasis was placed on an insulation system capable of reentry and multiple reuse in the shuttle environment. The optimized manufacturing parameters associated with each element of the composite are established and the results, showing successful completion of subscale system evaluation tests using the shuttle flight environmental requirements, are given.

Smart pipeline network : pipe and repair sensor system.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-07-26

Leak detection within the national pipeline network has long been recognized as a much-needed : capability to reduce the loss of high value product, improve public safety, and to reduce the : emissions of environmentally damaging substances. : In rec...

Redwood tanks with pipeline on trestle passing behind. Old rain ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Redwood tanks with pipeline on trestle passing behind. Old rain shed (Building No. 43) can be seen at right behind the trestle. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

View of pipeline carried on a trestle from new rain ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of pipeline carried on a trestle from new rain shed (Building No. 241). Redwood tanks in background. Steel tanks behind trestle. - Hawaii Volcanoes National Park Water Collection System, Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Volcano, Hawaii County, HI

A hydrogen energy carrier. Volume 2: Systems analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Savage, R. L. (Editor); Blank, L. (Editor); Cady, T. (Editor); Cox, K. (Editor); Murray, R. (Editor); Williams, R. D. (Editor)

1973-01-01

A systems analysis of hydrogen as an energy carrier in the United States indicated that it is feasible to use hydrogen in all energy use areas, except some types of transportation. These use areas are industrial, residential and commercial, and electric power generation. Saturation concept and conservation concept forecasts of future total energy demands were made. Projected costs of producing hydrogen from coal or from nuclear heat combined with thermochemical decomposition of water are in the range $1.00 to $1.50 per million Btu of hydrogen produced. Other methods are estimated to be more costly. The use of hydrogen as a fuel will require the development of large-scale transmission and storage systems. A pipeline system similar to the existing natural gas pipeline system appears practical, if design factors are included to avoid hydrogen environment embrittlement of pipeline metals. Conclusions from the examination of the safety, legal, environmental, economic, political and societal aspects of hydrogen fuel are that a hydrogen energy carrier system would be compatible with American values and the existing energy system.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jayakumar, R.; Martovetsky, N.N.; Perfect, S.A.

A glass-polyimide insulation system has been proposed by the US team for use in the Central Solenoid (CS) coil of the international Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) machine and it is planned to use this system in the CS model coil inner module. The turn insulation will consist of 2 layers of combined prepreg and Kapton. Each layer is 50% overlapped with a butt wrap of prepreg and an overwrap of S glass. The coil layers will be separated by a glass-resin composite and impregnated in a VPI process. Small scale tests on the various components of the insulation are complete.more » It is planned to fabricate and test the insulation in a 4 x 4 insulated CS conductor array which will include the layer insulation and be vacuum impregnated. The conductor array will be subjected to 20 thermal cycles and 100000 mechanical load cycles in a Liquid Nitrogen environment. These loads are similar to those seen in the CS coil design. The insulation will be electrically tested at several stages during mechanical testing. This paper will describe the array configuration, fabrication: process, instrumentation, testing configuration, and supporting analyses used in selecting the array and test configurations.« less

76 FR 78642 - TransCanada Alaska Company, LLC; Notice of Public Scoping Meetings for the Planned Alaska...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-19

... Project (APP). The APP is a planned natural gas pipeline system that would transport gas produced on the Alaska North Slope to the Alaska-Canada border to connect with a pipeline system in Canada for onward..., 2051 Barter Avenue Kaktovik, AK. Dated: December 9, 2011. Kimberly D. Bose, Secretary. [FR Doc. 2011...

77 FR 72840 - CE FLNG, LLC; Application for Long-Term Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... States natural gas pipeline system. CE FLNG states that the source of natural gas supply will come from... purchase gas for export from any point in the U.S. interstate pipeline system. CE FLNG states that this... Authorization To Export Liquefied Natural Gas Produced From Domestic Natural Gas Resources to Non-Free Trade...

78 FR 20912 - Southern Natural Gas Company, L.L.C.; Notice of Request Under Blanket Authorization

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-08

... on the web at http://www.ferc.gov using the ``eLibrary'' link. Enter the docket number excluding the... Station in order to increase firm transportation capacity on its North Main Pipeline System, and to make... firm transportation capacity on its South Main Pipeline System, all as more fully set forth in the...

Institutionally Responsive Pedagogies: A Community-Cultural Wealth Approach to Latina/o Student Engagement across the Educational Pipeline

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Louie F.

2016-01-01

The educational system continues to inadequately serve Latina/o students across the educational pipeline. A key shortcoming is the system's inability to develop, support, and grow educational leaders that can respond. In this article, the author poses a series of pedagogical approaches using a Community Cultural Wealth (Yosso, 2005) lens. In the…

Underwater Adhesives Retrofit Pipelines with Advanced Sensors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2015-01-01

Houston-based Astro Technology Inc. used a partnership with Johnson Space Center to pioneer an advanced fiber-optic monitoring system for offshore oil pipelines. The company's underwater adhesives allow it to retrofit older deepwater systems in order to measure pressure, temperature, strain, and flow properties, giving energy companies crucial data in real time and significantly decreasing the risk of a catastrophe.

Development of an optical character recognition pipeline for handwritten form fields from an electronic health record.

PubMed

Rasmussen, Luke V; Peissig, Peggy L; McCarty, Catherine A; Starren, Justin

2012-06-01

Although the penetration of electronic health records is increasing rapidly, much of the historical medical record is only available in handwritten notes and forms, which require labor-intensive, human chart abstraction for some clinical research. The few previous studies on automated extraction of data from these handwritten notes have focused on monolithic, custom-developed recognition systems or third-party systems that require proprietary forms. We present an optical character recognition processing pipeline, which leverages the capabilities of existing third-party optical character recognition engines, and provides the flexibility offered by a modular custom-developed system. The system was configured and run on a selected set of form fields extracted from a corpus of handwritten ophthalmology forms. The processing pipeline allowed multiple configurations to be run, with the optimal configuration consisting of the Nuance and LEADTOOLS engines running in parallel with a positive predictive value of 94.6% and a sensitivity of 13.5%. While limitations exist, preliminary experience from this project yielded insights on the generalizability and applicability of integrating multiple, inexpensive general-purpose third-party optical character recognition engines in a modular pipeline.

Development of an optical character recognition pipeline for handwritten form fields from an electronic health record

PubMed Central

Peissig, Peggy L; McCarty, Catherine A; Starren, Justin

2011-01-01

Background Although the penetration of electronic health records is increasing rapidly, much of the historical medical record is only available in handwritten notes and forms, which require labor-intensive, human chart abstraction for some clinical research. The few previous studies on automated extraction of data from these handwritten notes have focused on monolithic, custom-developed recognition systems or third-party systems that require proprietary forms. Methods We present an optical character recognition processing pipeline, which leverages the capabilities of existing third-party optical character recognition engines, and provides the flexibility offered by a modular custom-developed system. The system was configured and run on a selected set of form fields extracted from a corpus of handwritten ophthalmology forms. Observations The processing pipeline allowed multiple configurations to be run, with the optimal configuration consisting of the Nuance and LEADTOOLS engines running in parallel with a positive predictive value of 94.6% and a sensitivity of 13.5%. Discussion While limitations exist, preliminary experience from this project yielded insights on the generalizability and applicability of integrating multiple, inexpensive general-purpose third-party optical character recognition engines in a modular pipeline. PMID:21890871

Exterior Insulation Implications for Heating and Cooling Systems in Cold Climates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Herk, Anastasia; Poerschke, Andrew

The New York State Energy Research and Development Authority (NYSERDA) is interested in finding cost-effective solutions for deep energy retrofits (DERs) related to exterior wall insulation in a cold climate, with targets of 50% peak load reduction and 50% space conditioning energy savings. The U.S. Department of Energy Building America team, IBACOS, in collaboration with GreenHomes America, Inc. (GHA), was contracted by NYSERDA to research exterior wall insulation solutions. In addition to exterior wall insulation, the strategies included energy upgrades where needed in the attic, mechanical and ventilation systems, basement, band joist, walls, and floors. Under Building America, IBACOS ismore » studying the impact of a “thermal enclosure” DER on the sizing of the space conditioning system and the occupant comfort if the thermal capacity of the heating and cooling system is dramatically downsized without any change in the existing heating and cooling distribution system (e.g., size, tightness and supply outlet configurations).« less