Planetary quarantine: Supporting research and technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, D. M.

1975-01-01

Planetary quarantine strategies for advanced missions are described, along with natural space environment studies and post launch recontamination studies. Spacecraft cleaning and decontamination techniques and assay activities are reviewed. Teflon ribbon experiments and pyrolsis gas-liquid chromatography study are also considered.

An observation about the relative hardiness of bacterial spores and planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trauth, C. A., Jr.

1973-01-01

Planetary quarantine objectives are shown to be critically dependent on the deviation in the actual decimal-reduction-time or D values (i.e., the time necessary to reduce the population to one-tenth of its original value) of organisms on spacecraft from the values chosen for spacecraft sterilization that have been selected conservatively relative to defined experimental procedures and bacterial spore stocks. New data indicate that these D values are not conservative when compared with those of naturally occurring organisms. The possible implications of these new data for planetary quarantine are analyzed.

Safety margins in the implementation of planetary quarantine requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schalkowsky, S.; Jacoby, I.

1972-01-01

The formulation of planetary quarantine requirements, and their implementation as determined by a risk allocation model, is discussed. The model defines control safety margins with particular emphasis on utility in achieving the desired minimization of excessive margins, and their effect on implementation procedures.

Control of microbial contamination.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdade, J. J.

1971-01-01

Two specific applications are discussed of microbial contamination control in planetary quarantine. Under the first concept, using the clean room to control environmental microorganisms, the objective is to reduce the microbial species and keep the numbers of microorganisms within an enclosure at a low level. The clean room concept is aimed at obtaining a product that has a controlled and reduced level of microbial contamination. Under the second concept, using the microbiological barrier to control microbial contamination of a specific product, the barrier techniques are designed to prevent the entry of any microorganisms into a sterile work area. Thus the assembly of space flight hardware within the confines of a microbiological barrier is aimed at obtaining a sterile product. In theory and practice, both approaches are shown to be applicable to the planetary quarantine program.

Planetary Quarantine Activities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The activities of the Planetary Quarantine Department at Sandia Laboratories during the period April 1965 through June 1972 are summarized. Included are the rationale, the methods, and the results of modeling and experimentation used in dry heat, radiation, thermoradiation, and chemical sterilization studies. Publications describing these activities and accounts of closely related research are also furnished.

Manned Mars mission and planetary quarantine considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sharp, Joseph C.

1986-01-01

A short review of the history of planetary quarantine, the issues, and changes in official advisory groups' pronouncements are presented. Then a discussion of the current situation and some ideas on how best to address them are outlined. Both manned and unmanned or automatic missions are discussed and their advantages and impediments outlined.

Planetary quarantine. Space research and technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The impact of satisfying satellite quarantine constraints on outer planet missions and spacecraft design are studied by considering the effects of planetary radiation belts, solar wind radiation, and space vacuum on microorganism survival. Post launch recontamination studies evaluate the effects of mission environments on particle distributions on spacecraft surfaces and effective cleaning and decontamination techniques.

Planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The overall objective is to identify those areas of future missions which will be impacted by planetary quarantine (PQ) constraints. The objective of the phase being described was to develop an approach for using decision theory in performing a PQ analysis for a Mariner Jupiter Uranus Mission and to compare it with the traditional approach used for other missions.

Planetary quarantine: Space research and technology. [satellite quarantine constraints on outer planet mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The impact of satisfying satellite quarantine constraints on current outer planet mission and spacecraft designs is considered. Tools required to perform trajectory and navigation analyses for determining satellite impact probabilities are developed.

Planetary protection issues in advance of human exploration of Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mckay, Christopher P.; Davis, Wanda L.

1989-01-01

The major planetary quarantine issues associated with human exploration of Mars, which is viewed as being more likely to harbor indigenous life than is the moon, are discussed. Special attention is given to the environmental impact of human missions to Mars due to contamination and mechanical disturbances of the local environment, the contamination issues associated with the return of humans, and the planetary quarantine strategy for a human base. It is emphasized that, in addition to the question of indigenous life, there may be some concern of returning to earth the earth microorganisms that have spent some time in the Martian environment. It is suggested that, due to the fact that a robot system can be subjected to more stringent controls and protective treatments than a mission involving humans, a robotic sample return mission can help to eliminate many planetary-quarantine concerns about returning samples.

Planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

Those areas of future missions which will be impacted by planetary quarantine (PQ) constraints were identified. The specific objectives for this reporting period were (1) to perform an analysis of the effects of PQ on an outer planet atmospheric probe, and (2) to prepare a quantitative illustration of spacecraft microbial reduction resulting from exposure to space environments. The Jupiter Orbiter Probe mission was used as a model for both of these efforts.

Planetary quarantine: Space research and technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The impact of satisfying satellite quarantine constraints on current outer planet mission and spacecraft designs is considered. Tools required to perform trajectory and navigation analyses for determining satellite impact probabilities are developed.

Planetary quarantine, supporting research and technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

The impact of satisfying satellite quarantine on current outer planet mission and spacecraft designs was determined and the tools required to perform trajectory and navigation analyses for determining satellite impact probabilities were developed.

Terrestrial quarantine considerations for unmanned sample return missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoffman, A. R.; Stavro, W.; Miller, L. W.; Taylor, D. M.

1973-01-01

For the purpose of understanding some of the possible implications of a terrestrial quarantine constraint on a mission and for developing a basic approach which can be used to demonstrate compliance beyond that developed for Apollo, a terrestrial quarantine study was performed. It is shown that some of the basic tools developed and used by the planetary quarantine community have applicability to terrestrial quarantine analysis. By using these tools, it is concluded that: (1) the method of biasing the earth aiming point when returning from the planet is necessary but, by itself, may not satisfy terrestrial quarantine constraints; and (2) spacecraft and container design significantly influence contamination transfer.

International Agreement on Planetary Protection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2000-01-01

The maintenance of a NASA policy, is consistent with international agreements. The planetary protection policy management in OSS, with Field Center support. The advice from internal and external advisory groups (NRC, NAC/Planetary Protection Task Force). The technology research and standards development in bioload characterization. The technology research and development in bioload reduction/sterilization. This presentation focuses on: forward contamination - research on the potential for Earth life to exist on other bodies, improved strategies for planetary navigation and collision avoidance, and improved procedures for sterile spacecraft assembly, cleaning and/or sterilization; and backward contamination - development of sample transfer and container sealing technologies for Earth return, improvement in sample return landing target assessment and navigation strategy, planning for sample hazard determination requirements and procedures, safety certification, (liaison to NEO Program Office for compositional data on small bodies), facility planning for sample recovery system, quarantine, and long-term curation of 4 returned samples.

Post Viking planetary protection requirements study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolfson, R. P.

1977-01-01

Past planetary quarantine requirements were reviewed in the light of present Viking data to determine the steps necessary to prevent contamination of the Martian surface on future missions. The currently used term planetary protection reflects a broader scope of understanding of the problems involved. Various methods of preventing contamination are discussed in relation to proposed projects, specifically the 1984 Rover Mission.

Planetary quarantine in the solar system. Survival rates of some terrestrial organisms under simulated space conditions by proton irradiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koike, J.; Oshima, T.

We have been studying the survival rates of some species of terrestrial unicellular and multicellular organism (viruses, bacteria, yeasts, fungi, algae, etc.) under simulated interstellar conditions, in connection with planetary quarantine. The interstellar environment in the solar system has been simulated by low temperature, high vacuum (77 K, 4 × 10 -8 torr), and proton irradiation from a Van de Graaff generator. After exposure to a barrage of protons corresponding to about 250 years of irradiation in solar space, tobacco mosaic virus, Bacillus subtilis spores, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus flavus, Aspergillus niger spores, and Clostridium mangenoti spores showed survival rates of 82, 45, 74, 13, 28, and 25%, respectively.

Planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

Developed methodologies and procedures for the reduction of microbial burden on an assembled spacecraft at the time of encapsulation or terminal sterilization are reported. This technology is required for reducing excessive microbial burden on spacecraft components for the purposes of either decreasing planetary contamination probabilities for an orbiter or minimizing the duration of a sterilization process for a lander.

Application of planetary quarantine methodology and spacecraft sterilization technology to improved health care delivery.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, R. H.

1972-01-01

In 1969 the Jet Propulsion Laboratory undertook an investigation to determine which of its space-derived capabilities could make significant contributions to the improvement of health care delivery in the U.S. The area of planetary quarantine was identified as one of high relevance. Two studies were conducted in this connection. The first study, which could contribute to infection reduction and control, was concerned with conversion of infection implicated complex, nonheat sterilizable equipment to dry heat, sterilizable equipment by changes in design and materials of construction. The second study area related to hospital acquired infection is clean room technology. A definite investigation has been performed to demonstrate and statistically evaluate performance under controlled conditions.

Biological quarantine on international waters: an initiative for onboard protocols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takano, Yoshinori; Yano, Hajime; Funase, Ryu; Sekine, Yasuhito; Takai, Ken

2012-07-01

The research vessel Chikyu is expanding new frontiers in science, technology, and international collaboration through deep-sea expedition. The Chikyu (length: 210 m, gross tonnage: 56752 tons) has advanced and comprehensive scientific research facilities. One of the scientific purposes of the vessel is to investigate into unexplored biosphere (i.e., undescribed extremophiles) on the Earth. Therefore, "the onboard laboratory" provides us systematic microbiological protocols with a physical containment situation. In parallel, the onboard equipments provide sufficient space for fifty scientists and technical support staff. The helicopter deck also supports various logistics through transporting by a large scale helicopter (See, http://www.jamstec.go.jp/chikyu/eng/). Since the establishment of Panel on Planetary Protection (PPP) in Committee on Space Research (COSPAR), we have an international consensus about the development and promulgation of planetary protection knowledge, policy, and plans to prevent the harmful effects of biological contamination on the Earth (e.g., Rummel, 2002). However, the matter to select a candidate location of initial quarantine at BSL4 level is often problematic. To answer the key issue, we suggest that international waters can be a meaningful option with several advantages to conduct initial onboard-biological quarantine investigation. Hence, the research vessel Chikyu is promising for further PPP requirements (e.g., Enceladus sample return project: Tsou et al., 2012). Rummel, J., Seeking an international consensus in planetary protection: COSPAR's planetary protection panel. Advances in Space Research, 30, 1573-1575 (2002). Tsou, P. et al. LIFE: Life Investigation For Enceladus - A Sample Return Mission Concept in Search for Evidence of Life. Astrobiology, in press.

A study of psychrophilic organisms isolated from the manufacture and assembly areas of spacecraft to be used in the Viking mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foster, T. L.; Winans, L., Jr.

1973-01-01

The sampling of soils from the manufacture and assembly areas of the Viking spacecraft is reported and the methodology employed in the analysis of these samples for psychrophilic microorganisms, and temperature studies on these organisms is outlined. Results showing the major types of organisms and the percentage of obligate psychrophiles in each sample are given and discussed. Emphasis in all areas is toward application of these results to the objectives of the planetary quarantine program.

The Antaeus Project - An orbital quarantine facility for analysis of planetary return samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sweet, H. C.; Bagby, J. R.; Devincenzi, D. L.

1983-01-01

A design is presented for an earth-orbiting facility for the analysis of planetary return samples under conditions of maximum protection against contamination but minimal damage to the sample. The design is keyed to a Mars sample return mission profile, returning 1 kg of documented subsamples, to be analyzed in low earth orbit by a small crew aided by automated procedures, tissue culture and microassay. The facility itself would consist of Spacelab shells, formed into five modules of different sizes with purposes of power supply, habitation, supplies and waste storage, the linking of the facility, and both quarantine and investigation of the samples. Three barriers are envisioned to protect the biosphere from any putative extraterrestrial organisms: sealed biological containment cabinets within the Laboratory Module, the Laboratory Module itself, and the conditions of space surrounding the facility.

Analytical basis for planetary quarantine.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schalkowsky, S.; Kline, R. C., Jr.

1971-01-01

The attempt is made to investigate quarantine constraints, and alternatives for meeting them, in sufficient detail for identifying those courses of action which compromise neither the quarantine nor the space mission objectives. Mathematical models pertinent to this goal are formulated at three distinct levels. The first level of mission constraint models pertains to the quarantine goals considered necessary by the international scientific community. The principal emphasis of modeling at this level is to quantify international considerations and to produce well-defined mission constraints. Such constraints must be translated into explicit implementation requirements by the operational agency of the launching nation. This produces the second level of implementation system modeling. However, because of the multitude of factors entering into the implementation models, it is convenient to consider these factors at the third level of implementation parameter models. These models are intentionally limited to the inclusion of only those factors which can be quantified realistically, either now or in the near future.

Planetary Protection Knowledge Gaps for Human Extraterrestrial Missions Workshop Booklet - 2015

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fonda, Mark L.

2015-01-01

Although NASA's preparations for the Apollo lunar missions had only a limited time to consider issues associated with the protection of the Moon from biological contamination and the quarantine of the astronauts returning to Earth, they learned many valuable lessons (both positive and negative) in the process. As such, those efforts represent the baseline of planetary protection preparations for sending humans to Mars. Neither the post-Apollo experience or the Shuttle and other follow-on missions of either the US or Russian human spaceflight programs could add many additional insights to that baseline. Current mission designers have had the intervening four decades for their consideration, and in that time there has been much learned about human-associated microbes, about Mars, and about humans in space that has helped prepare us for a broad spectrum of considerations regarding potential biological contamination in human Mars missions and how to control it. This paper will review the approaches used in getting this far, and highlight some implications of this history for the future development of planetary protection provisions for human missions to Mars. The role of NASA and ESA's planetary protection offices, and the aegis of COSPAR have been particularly important in the ongoing process.

Contamination control by use of ethylene oxide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stroud, R. H.; Lyle, R. G.

1972-01-01

The uses of ethylene oxide as a decontaminating agent for planetary quarantine related applications are reported. Aspects discussed include: applications and limitations, chemical and physical properties, germicidal activity, methods of applications, and effects on personnel.

Technology for return of planetary samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Technological requirements of a planetary return sample mission were studied. The state-of-the-art for problems unique to this class of missions was assessed and technological gaps were identified. The problem areas where significant advancement of the state-of-the-art is required are: life support for the exobiota during the return trip and within the Planetary Receiving Laboratory (PRL); biohazard assessment and control technology; and quarantine qualified handling and experimentation methods and equipment for studying the returned sample in the PRL. Concepts for solving these problems are discussed.

7 CFR 301.52-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-1... Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, wherein the former agrees to comply with the requirements of... Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs as applicable to the operations of such person. Deputy...

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1972-01-01

Results are presented of laboratory experiments conducted on the thermal resistance of naturally occurring airborne spores and microbiological examinations of space hardware using long-term slit samplers and rodac plate and swab-rinse methods of sampling environmental surfaces.

Restricted by Whom? A Historical Review of Strategies and Organization for Restricted Earth Return of Samples from NASA Planetary Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pugel, Betsy

2017-01-01

This presentation is a review of the timeline for Apollo's approach to Planetary Protection, then known as Planetary Quarantine. Return of samples from Apollo 11, 12 and 14 represented NASA's first attempts into conducting what is now known as Restricted Earth Return, where return of samples is undertaken by the Agency with the utmost care for the impact that the samples may have on Earth's environment due to the potential presence of microbial or other life forms that originate from the parent body (in this case, Earth's Moon).

Planetary quarantine program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

A quantitative means was developed to investigate the sensitivity of current spacecraft sterilization plans to variations in D-values. A quantitative expression was derived to represent the distribution of D-values among a population of naturally occurring organisms. An investigation was made of (1) the inactivation of both Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores and Cape Kennedy soil spores by gamma-radiation at room temperature in a nitrogen environment, and (2) the thermoradiation resistance of Cape Kennedy soil spores at elevated temperatures below 125 C. The relation between standard survival experiments with bacterial spores in soils and results obtained on spacecraft surfaces is discussed. Sporocidal properties of aqueous formaldehyde can be increased by elevating the temperature.

Revised planetary protection policy for solar system exploration.

PubMed

DeVincenzi, D L; Stabekis, P D

1984-01-01

In order to control contamination of planets by terrestrial microorganisms and organic constituents, U.S. planetary missions have been governed by a planetary protection (or planetary quarantine) policy which has changed little since 1972. This policy has recently been reviewed in light of new information obtained from planetary exploration during the past decade and because of changes to, or uncertainties in, some parameters used in the existing quantitative approach. On the basis of this analysis, a revised planetary protection policy with the following key features is proposed: deemphasizing the use of mathematical models and quantitative analyses; establishing requirements for target planet/mission type (i.e., orbiter, lander, etc.) combinations; considering sample return missions a separate category; simplifying documentation; and imposing implementing procedures (i.e., trajectory biasing, cleanroom assembly, spacecraft sterilization, etc.) by exception, i.e., only if the planet/mission combination warrants such controls.

Effect on time in quarantine of the choice of program for eradication of footrot from 196 sheep flocks in southern New South Wales.

PubMed

Mills, K; McClenaughan, P; Morton, A; Alley, D; Lievaart, J; Windsor, P A; Egerton, J R

2012-01-01

To identify and compare programs for eradicating virulent footrot (VFR) chosen by owners of quarantined sheep flocks in southern New South Wales. Data from 196 sheep flocks in the Wagga Wagga and Young Rural Lands Protection Boards were used to determine the program chosen, the influence of flock size on the program chosen and the effects of the program chosen and the use of contractors on the time in quarantine. The most popular programs in flocks using a single program were: total destocking (61/173; 35.3%) and inspection and culling of affected animals (71/173; 41.0%). Treatment of known infected animals was chosen in 41 flocks and of those, 10 (5.8%) used antibiotics for treatment and 31 (17.9%) used foot-bathing. Combined programs were used in 23 flocks and in 10 flocks a change of program occurred before eradication was achieved. The choice of program was, to some extent, affected by flock size, with owners of small flocks (<500 sheep) more likely to destock. The chosen program strongly influenced the time in quarantine, the shortest time being for destocking (mean 284 days), followed by culling of infected sheep (395 days), treatment with antibiotics (433 days) and finally foot-bathing (502 days). Time in quarantine was significantly shorter when contractors were used. All the options chosen led to the eradication of VFR. However, in this sample both the choice of program and the use of contractors influenced the time taken to achieve eradication and therefore the time in quarantine. Based on time in quarantine, foot-bathing was the least desirable option for the eradication of VFR because of the significantly greater time involved, perpetuation of risk to neighbours and increased cost of inspections. These findings were derived from flocks that were quarantined, but they are relevant to all flock owners considering eradication of VFR. © 2012 The Authors. Australian Veterinary Journal © 2012 Australian Veterinary Association.

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1973-01-01

The microbiological studies of the Apollo 17 command module pre- and postflight samples are reported. A total of 20 types of microorganisms were identified on preflight and 14 on postflight samples. Changes in biochemical character due to subculture and storage of Bacillus isolates are also reported.

The lunar quarantine program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, R. S.; Mason, J. A.; Wooley, B. C.; Mccollum, G. W.; Mieszkuc, B. J.

1974-01-01

The lunar quarantine program was designed to ensure that return of lunar material represented no threat to the public health, to agriculture, or to other living resources. It established definitely that no life exists on the moon. The crews of the three lunar quarantine missions, Apollo 11, 12, and 14, experienced no health problems as a result of their exposure to lunar samples. Plants and animals also showed no adverse effects. Stringent quarantine was terminated after Apollo 14, but lunar samples continued to be protected to guarantee that scientists would receive uncontaminated materials for study.

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1972-01-01

Tests were conducted to determine the dry heat resistance at 125 C of a naturally occurring bacterial spore population in a mixture of sieved vacuum cleaner dusts from Cape Kennedy. The dust was aerosolized in a special chamber and was allowed to settle on 32 Teflon ribbons to provide approximately 500,000 spores per ribbon.

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1972-01-01

The evaluation is discussed of the terminal sterilization process for unmanned lander spacecraft. Results of biochemical test deviations encountered with the identification schemes are tabulated. Studies to examine the possibility of shifts in biochemical reaction patterns during storage and subculture of the environmental Bacillius isolates are also reported.

Biological Contamination of Mars: Issues and Recommendations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The ad hoc Task Group on Planetary Protection formed by the Space Studies Board (SSB) of the National Research Council focused on making recommendations concerning the protection of Mars from forward contamination (i.e., Earth to Mars) during upcoming missions by both the United States and the former Soviet Union. In so doing, it distinguished between missions whose goals include reconnaissance and measurement and those that specifically include experiments to detect life. The task group also discussed what additional knowledge will be needed in order to assure that future recommendations regarding contamination of Earth from Mars might be made with a higher degree of certainty than is now possible. Following a short introduction to the rationale underlying planetary exploration (Chapter 1) is a brief summary of approved and contemplated missions to Mars (Chapter 2). Chapter 3 briefly reviews the state of knowledge in several areas pertinent to the problem of planetary protection, in the limits of life on Earth and the abilities of known terrestrial organisms to withstand extreme environment conditions, as well as new approaches to detecting life forms. Chapter 5 includes a review and comments (made in light of current knowledge)- on the recommendations made in 'Recommendations on Quarantine Policy for Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune, and Titan'. Updates to the recommendations made in 1978 are also given in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 gives additional recommendations concerning collection of essential data, spacecraft sterilization and bioburden assessment, and future research, as well as legal and social issues and NASA's overall planetary protection program.

Optimum aim point biasing in case of a planetary quarantine constraint.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gedeon, G. S.; Dvornychenko, V. N.

1972-01-01

It is assumed that the probability of impact for each maneuver is the same, and that the aspects of orbit determination and execution errors of each maneuver affect only the targeting. An approximation of the equal probability of impact contour is derived. It is assumed that the quarantine constraint is satisfied if the aim point is not inside the impact contour. A method is devised to find on each contour the optimum aim point which minimizes the so-called bias velocity which is required to bring back the spacecraft from the biased aim point to the originally desired aim point. The method is an improvement over the approach presented by Light (1965), and Craven and Wolfson (1967).

LESSONS FROM A RETROSPECTIVE ANALYSIS OF A 5-YR PERIOD OF QUARANTINE AT SAN DIEGO ZOO: A RISK-BASED APPROACH TO QUARANTINE ISOLATION AND TESTING MAY BENEFIT ANIMAL WELFARE.

PubMed

Wallace, Chelsea; Marinkovich, Matt; Morris, Pat J; Rideout, Bruce; Pye, Geoffrey W

2016-03-01

Quarantine is designed primarily to prevent the introduction of transmissible diseases to zoological collections. Improvements in preventive medicine, disease eradication, and comprehensive pathology programs call into question current industry quarantine standards. Disease risk analysis was used at the San Diego Zoo (SDZ) and the SDZ Safari Park to eliminate quarantine isolation and transmissible disease testing for animals transferred between the two institutions. To determine if a risk-based approach might be valid between other institutions and SDZ, we reviewed quarantine data for animals arriving at SDZ from 81 Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA)-accredited and 124 other sources (e.g., non-AZA-accredited institutions, private breeders, private dealers, governmental bodies) over a 5-yr period (2009-2013). No mammal or herptile failed quarantine due to transmissible diseases of concern. Approximately 2.5% of incoming birds failed quarantine due to transmissible disease; however, all 14 failed individuals were obtained from three nonaccredited sources (private breeders, confiscation). The results of our study suggest that a risk-based approach could be used to minimize or eliminate quarantine for the transfer of animals from institutions with comprehensive disease surveillance programs and/or preshipment testing practices. Quarantine isolation with testing remains an essential defense against introducing transmissible diseases of concern when there is a lack of health knowledge about the animals being received.

Studies on possible propagation of microbial contamination in planetary clouds

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dimmick, R. L.; Chatigny, M. A.

1973-01-01

Current U.S. planetary quarantine standards based on international agreements require consideration of the probability of contamination (Pc) of the outer planets, Venus, Jupiter, Saturn, etc. One of the key parameters in estimation of the Pc of these planets is the probability of growth (Pg) of terrestrial microorganisms on or near these planets. For example, Jupiter and Saturn appear to have an atmosphere in which some microbial species could metabolize and propagate. This study includes investigation of the likelihood of metabolism and propagation of microbes suspended in dynamic atmospheres. It is directed toward providing experimental information needed to aid in rational estimation of Pg for these outer plants.

Probability of detecting nematode infestations for quarantine sampling with imperfect extraction efficacy

PubMed Central

Chen, Peichen; Liu, Shih-Chia; Liu, Hung-I; Chen, Tse-Wei

2011-01-01

For quarantine sampling, it is of fundamental importance to determine the probability of finding an infestation when a specified number of units are inspected. In general, current sampling procedures assume 100% probability (perfect) of detecting a pest if it is present within a unit. Ideally, a nematode extraction method should remove all stages of all species with 100% efficiency regardless of season, temperature, or other environmental conditions; in practice however, no method approaches these criteria. In this study we determined the probability of detecting nematode infestations for quarantine sampling with imperfect extraction efficacy. Also, the required sample and the risk involved in detecting nematode infestations with imperfect extraction efficacy are presented. Moreover, we developed a computer program to calculate confidence levels for different scenarios with varying proportions of infestation and efficacy of detection. In addition, a case study, presenting the extraction efficacy of the modified Baermann's Funnel method on Aphelenchoides besseyi, is used to exemplify the use of our program to calculate the probability of detecting nematode infestations in quarantine sampling with imperfect extraction efficacy. The result has important implications for quarantine programs and highlights the need for a very large number of samples if perfect extraction efficacy is not achieved in such programs. We believe that the results of the study will be useful for the determination of realistic goals in the implementation of quarantine sampling. PMID:22791911

Environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1974-01-01

Continued experimental work related to dry heat resistance of microorganisms. One phase of this research has been concerned with the viability and dry heat resistance of indigenous microflora associated with small soil particles. The second part of this report is an analysis of the present status of dry heat sterilization. An attempt is made to integrate results for both laboratory grown spores and spores in soil.

Environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1971-01-01

The experiments carried out to determine the effects of temperature and relative humidity on the survival rate of Bacillus subtillis var. niger spores are reported. The experiments were conducted in environmental chambers at temperatures of 75 and 90 C. Data are also included on the survival characteristics of the spores suspended in sucrose solutions at 90 C with water activities of 0.99, 0.9, and 0.85

Next Generation Sequencing: A useful tool for detection of sugarcane viruses in quarantine programs

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The international exchange of sugarcane germplasm includes the risk of introducing potentially devastating pathogens that may threaten production. The USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program (PGQP) imports and tests sugarcane accessions that are used in research, variety development, and comme...

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1973-01-01

The project to evaluate thermal sterilization for unmanned landers is reported. A temperature controlled oven with a nitrogen gas supply containing a known concentration of water is discussed. The studies show that bacillus lentus, bacillus brevis, bacillus coagulans, atypical bacillus spp., and actinomycete are isolated heat survivors. The thermal resistance is given for naturally occurring airborne bacterial spores collected on exposed teflon ribbons.

7 CFR 301.81-11 - Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Fire Ant Quarantine and Regulations § 301.81-11 Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

7 CFR 301.81-11 - Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Fire Ant Quarantine and Regulations § 301.81-11 Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

7 CFR 301.81-11 - Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Fire Ant Quarantine and Regulations § 301.81-11 Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

7 CFR 301.81-11 - Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Fire Ant Quarantine and Regulations § 301.81-11 Imported fire ant detection, control, exclusion, and enforcement program for nurseries producing...

7 CFR 301.81-6 - Compliance agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Fire Ant Quarantine and... application of chemical materials in accordance with the “Imported Fire Ant Program Manual,” as set forth in...

Planetary protection on international waters: An onboard protocol for capsule retrieval and biosafety control in sample return mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takano, Yoshinori; Yano, Hajime; Sekine, Yasuhito; Funase, Ryu; Takai, Ken

2014-04-01

Planetary protection has been recognized as one of the most important issues in sample return missions that may host certain living forms and biotic signatures in a returned sample. This paper proposes an initiative of sample capsule retrieval and onboard biosafety protocol in international waters for future biological and organic constituent missions to bring samples from possible habitable bodies in the solar system. We suggest the advantages of international waters being outside of national jurisdiction and active regions of human and traffic affairs on the condition that we accept the Outer Space Treaty. The scheme of onboard biological quarantine definitely reduces the potential risk of back-contamination of extraterrestrial materials to the Earth.

Fundamental studies concerning planetary quarantine in space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koike, J.; Hori, T.; Katahira, Y.; Koike, K. A.; Tanaka, K.; Kobayashi, K.; Kawasaki, Y.

If there is a possibility that the organisms carried from Earth to space can live for a significant period on planets, the contamination of planets should be prevented for the purpose of future life-detection experiments. In connection with quarantine for interplanetary missions, we have examined the survivabilities of terrestrial microorganisms under simulated space conditions /1-8/. In this study, examined the survivabilities of terrestrial organisms under simulated Mars conditions. The Mars conditions were simulated by ultraviolet (UV) and proton irradiation under low temperature, high vacuum, and simulated gaseous conditions. After exposure to the simulated Mars condition, the survivabilities of the organisms were examined. The spores of Bacillus subtilis andAspergillus niger , some anaerobic bacterias and algaes, showed considerably high survivabilities even after UV and proton irradiation corresponding to 200 years on Mars. This subject is not restricted to academic curiosity but concerns problems involving the contamination of Mars with terrestrial organisms carried by space-probes.

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1972-01-01

The efficiency of a biodetection grinder, used to recover buried contamination, was tested using spacecraft components and laminated polystyrene strips containing Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores. The surfaces were decontaminated before tests. Results are given in tabular form. Tables are also given for heat resistance of bacteria spores, prevalence of bacteria in spacecraft before launch, and the types of bacteria found in Apollo 15 spacecraft components and command modules.

Impact of lunar and planetary missions on the space station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The impacts upon the growth space station of several advanced planetary missions and a populated lunar base are examined. Planetary missions examined include sample returns from Mars, the Comet Kopff, the main belt asteroid Ceres, a Mercury orbiter, and a saturn orbiter with multiple Titan probes. A manned lunar base build-up scenario is defined, encompassing preliminary lunar surveys, ten years of construction, and establishment of a permanent 18 person facility with the capability to produce oxygen propellant. The spacecraft mass departing from the space station, mission Delta V requirements, and scheduled departure date for each payload outbound from low Earth orbit are determined for both the planetary missions and for the lunar base build-up. Large aerobraked orbital transfer vehicles (OTV's) are used. Two 42 metric ton propellant capacity OTV's are required for each the the 68 lunar sorties of the base build-up scenario. The two most difficult planetary missions (Kopff and Ceres) also require two of these OTV's. An expendable lunar lander and ascent stage and a reusable lunar lander which uses lunar produced oxygen are sized to deliver 18 metric tons to the lunar surface. For the lunar base, the Space Station must hangar at least two non-pressurized OTV's, store 100 metric tons of cryogens, and support an average of 14 OTV launch, return, and refurbishment cycles per year. Planetary sample return missions require a dedicated quarantine module.

Evaluation of predicted Medfly ( Ceratitis capitata) quarantine length in the United States utilizing degree-day and agent-based models.

PubMed

Collier, Travis; Manoukis, Nicholas

2017-01-01

Invasions by pest insects pose a significant threat to agriculture worldwide. In the case of Ceratitis capitata incursions on the US mainland, where it is not officially established, repeated detections are followed by quarantines and treatments to eliminate the invading population. However, it is difficult to accurately set quarantine duration because non-detection may not mean the pest is eliminated. Most programs extend quarantine lengths past the last fly detection by calculating the amount of time required for 3 generations to elapse under a thermal unit accumulation development model ("degree day"). A newer approach is to use an Agent-Based Simulation (ABS) to explicitly simulate population demographics and elimination. Here, predicted quarantine lengths for 11 sites in the continental United States are evaluated using both approaches. Results indicate a strong seasonality in quarantine length, with longer predictions in the second half of the year compared with the first; this pattern is more extreme in degree day predictions compared with ABS. Geographically, quarantine lengths increased with latitude, though this was less pronounced under the ABS. Variation in quarantine lengths for particular times and places was dramatically larger for degree day than ABS, generally spiking in the middle of the year for degree day and peaking in second half of the year for ABS. Analysis of 34 C. capitata quarantines from 1975 to 2017 in California shows that, for all but two, quarantines were started in the second half of the year, when degree day quarantine lengths are longest and have the highest uncertainty. For a set of hypothetical outbreaks based on these historical quarantines, the ABS produced significantly shorter quarantines than degree day calculations. Overall, ABS quarantine lengths were more consistent than degree day predictions, avoided unrealistically long values, and captured effects of rare events such as cold snaps.

Life sciences and space research X. Proceedings of the open meeting of working group 5 of the fourteenth plenary meeting of COSPAR, Seattle, Washington, June 21--July 2, 1971

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vishniac, W.

1972-01-01

From 14th COSPAR meeting on life sciences and space research X; Seattle, Washington, USA (17 Jun 1971). Separate asbstracts were prepared for 7 of the 27 papers appearing in these proceedings. The other papers discuss topics in the following general areas: planetary quarantine; effects of weightlessness, effects of space on living matter; and preparations for the exploration of Mars. (ERB)

A study of the dry heat resistance of naturally occurring organisms widely dispersed on a surface

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garst, D. M.; Lindell, K. F.

1971-01-01

Although Bacillus subtilis var. niger is the standard test organism for NASA planetary quarantine sterilization studies, it was found that some naturally occurring soil organisms are more heat resistant. The separation of these organisms from soil particles is described. Experiments are discussed which were designed to show that the heat resistance is a natural characteristic of the organisms, rather than a condition induced by the clumping effect of agglomerated particles and organisms.

Environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine. [water activity and temperature effects on bacterial spore survival

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1972-01-01

The survival of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores suspended in solutions of sucrose and glycerol at calculated water activities and varying temperatures was studied. The overall results indicated that as the water activity of the liquid decreased from .99 to .85, the heat resistance of the spores increased. The nature of the substance controlling the water activity, and the history of the spores prior to treatment also had an affect on their heat resistance.

76 FR 72159 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-22

... number. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Title: Domestic Quarantines. OMB Control Number: 0579... the United States. Plant Protection and Quarantine, a program within USDA's Animal and Plant Health...; Reporting: On occasion. Total Burden Hours: 512,147. Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Title...

Implementation of next generation sequencing for high-throughput pathogen detection in sugarcane introductions grown in quarantine

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The USDA-APHIS Plant Germplasm Quarantine Program (PGQP) safeguards U.S. agriculture and natural resources against the entry, establishment, and spread of economically and environmentally significant pathogens, and facilitates the safe international movement of propagative plant parts. PGQP is the o...

7 CFR 319.24-5 - Condition of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Corn Diseases Regulations Governing Entry of Indian Corn Or Maize § 319.24-5 Condition of entry. The corn shall not be removed from the port of entry... Quarantine Programs, that the corn has been properly sterilized and released for entry without further...

7 CFR 319.24-5 - Condition of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Corn Diseases Regulations Governing Entry of Indian Corn Or Maize § 319.24-5 Condition of entry. The corn shall not be removed from the port of entry... Quarantine Programs, that the corn has been properly sterilized and released for entry without further...

Facility Concepts for Mars Returned Sample Handling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cohen, Marc M.; Briggs, Geoff (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

Samples returned from Mars must be held in quarantine until their biological safety has been determined. A significant challenge, unique to NASA's needs, is how to contain the samples (to protect the blaspheme) while simultaneously protecting their pristine nature. This paper presents a comparative analysis of several quarantine facility concepts for handling and analyzing these samples. The considerations in this design analysis include: modes of manipulation; capability for destructive as well as non-destructive testing; avoidance of cross-contamination; linear versus recursive processing; and sample storage and retrieval within a closed system. The ability to rigorously contain biologically hazardous materials has been amply demonstrated by facilities that meet the specifications of the Center for Disease Control Biosafety Level 4. The newly defined Planetary Protection Level Alpha must provide comparable containment while assuring that the samples remain pristine; the latter requirement is based on the need to avoid compromising science analyses by instrumentation of the highest possible sensitivity (among other things this will assure that there is no false positive detection of organisms or organic molecules - a situation that would delay or prevent the release of the samples from quarantine). Protection of the samples against contamination by terrestrial organisms and organic molecules makes a considerable impact upon the sample handling facility. The use of glove boxes appears to be impractical because of their tendency to leak and to surges. As a result, a returned sample quarantine facility must consider the use of automation and remote manipulation to carry out the various functions of sample handling and transfer within the system. The problem of maintaining sensitive and bulky instrumentation under the constraints of simultaneous sample containment and contamination protection also places demands on the architectural configuration of the facility that houses it.

[Study on the efficacy of quarantine during outbreaks of acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis outbreaks at schools through the susceptive-infective-quarantine-removal model].

PubMed

Chen, Tian-mu; Liu, Ru-chun

2013-01-01

To assess the efficacy of quarantine for acute hemorrhagic conjunctivitis (AHC) outbreaks control in schools, by using the Compartment Model. Through combining the characters of both AHC and compartment model, we built a susceptive-infective-removal (SIR) model suited for AHC outbreaks control in schools, and then quarantine was added into the model to develop a susceptive-infective-quarantine-removal (SIQR) model. An outbreak of AHC in Changsha in 2011 was employed as a sample to assess the effect of quarantine for the prevention and control of AHC. Basic reproduction number (λ0) of the AHC outbreak without intervention was 6.80, thus the transmission speed of the disease became quite fast. If no intervention had been adopted, almost all the students, faculties and staff members would have been infected within 23 days, and the accumulative cases would become 738, with the total attack rate (TAR) as 99.73%. The peak of the outbreak was at Sep. 11th and the number of new cases was 126 on that day. The efficacy would have been different if quarantine forces had been taken at different time and differently. The bigger and earlier the quarantine force had been adopted, the lower morbidity peak and the smaller TAR would have been appeared, with better efficacy of outbreak control. If the quarantine rate had been taken at the level of 90% on the sixth day, the accumulative case would have been reduced to 132 and the TAR had become 17.84% consequently. Quarantine program could be used as a main intervention approach to be employed for ACH outbreak at schools.

7 CFR 319.55-3 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-3 Ports of entry. (a) For importations of seed or paddy rice from the Republic of Mexico, permits will be issued for entry... Quarantine Programs. (b) For importations of rice straw and rice hulls from all foreign countries, permits...

7 CFR 319.55-2 - Application for permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-2 Application for permit. (a) Application for a permit to import seed or paddy rice from Mexico or rice straw or rice hulls from any country, may be made to the Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, indicating in...

7 CFR 319.55-2 - Application for permit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-2 Application for permit. (a) Application for a permit to import seed or paddy rice from Mexico or rice straw or rice hulls from any country, may be made to the Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, indicating in...

7 CFR 319.55-3 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-3 Ports of entry. (a) For importations of seed or paddy rice from the Republic of Mexico, permits will be issued for entry... Quarantine Programs. (b) For importations of rice straw and rice hulls from all foreign countries, permits...

Apollo experience report: Protection of life and health

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooley, B. C.

1972-01-01

The development, implementation, and effectiveness of the Apollo Lunar Quarantine Program and the Flight Crew Health Stabilization Program are discussed as part of the broad program required for the protection of the life and health of U.S. astronauts. Because the goal of the Apollo Program has been the safe transport of men to the moon and back to earth, protection of the astronauts and of the biosphere from potentially harmful lunar contaminants has been required. Also, to ensure mission success, the continuing good health of the astronauts before and during a mission has been necessary. Potential applications of specific aspects of the health and quarantine programs to possible manned missions to other planets are discussed.

Environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iflug, I. J.

1971-01-01

The results of studies to determine the effect of soil particle size on the survival time at 125 C of the microflora associated with these particles are discussed. The data suggest that longer survival times exist for the microflora associated with larger particles. The studies indicate that microorganisms associated with soil are difficult to kill and that organisms associated with large particles are harder to kill than those associated with small particles. Sterlization requirements increase as the level of contamination increases. Soil particles and their accompanying microflora are the most critical contaminants.

Services provided in support of the planetary quarantine requirements of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Favero, M. S.

1972-01-01

Heat studies with the highly resistant bacterial spore isolated from Cape Kennedy soil were continued, and the D130C was determined. The interior surfaces of the command module of the Apollo 17 spacecraft were studied for microbial contamination during assembly and testing. The thermal resistance of naturally occurring airborne bacterial spores was determined, using the heating times of 2, 4, 6, and 8 hr. at 125 C. The evaluation of a terminal sterilization process for unmanned lander spacecraft is also continuing.

The Impact of Apollo-Era Microbiology on Human Space Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Elliott, T. F; Castro, V. A.; Bruce, R. J.; Pierson, D. L.

2014-01-01

The microbiota of crewmembers and the spacecraft environment contributes significant risk to crew health during space flight missions. NASA reduces microbial risk with various mitigation methods that originated during the Apollo Program and continued to evolve through subsequent programs: Skylab, Shuttle, and International Space Station (ISS). A quarantine of the crew and lunar surface samples, within the Lunar Receiving Laboratory following return from the Moon, was used to prevent contamination with unknown extraterrestrial organisms. The quarantine durations for the crew and lunar samples were 21 days and 50 days, respectively. A series of infections among Apollo crewmembers resulted in a quarantine before launch to limit exposure to infectious organisms. This Health Stabilization Program isolated the crew for 21 days before flight and was effective in reducing crew illness. After the program developed water recovery hardware for Apollo spacecraft, the 1967 National Academy of Science Space Science Board recommended the monitoring of potable water. NASA implemented acceptability limits of 10 colony forming units (CFU) per mL and the absence of viable E. coli, anaerobes, yeasts, and molds in three separate 150 mL aliquots. Microbiological investigations of the crew and spacecraft environment were conducted during the Apollo program, including the Apollo-Soyuz Test Project and Skylab. Subsequent space programs implemented microbial screening of the crew for pathogens and acceptability limits on spacecraft surfaces and air. Microbiology risk mitigation methods have evolved since the Apollo program. NASA cancelled the quarantine of the crew after return from the lunar surface, reduced the duration of the Health Stabilization Program; and implemented acceptability limits for spacecraft surfaces and air. While microbial risks were not a main focus of the early Mercury and Gemini programs, the extended duration of Apollo flights resulted in the increased scrutiny of impact of the space flight environment on crew health. The lessons learned during that era of space flight continue to impact microbiology risk mitigation in space programs today.

Evaluation of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for detection of cattle in the Cattle Fever Tick Permanent Quarantine Zone

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

An unmanned aerial vehicle was used to capture videos of cattle in pastures to determine the efficiency of this technology for use by Mounted Inspectors in the Permanent Quarantine zone (PQZ) of the Cattle Fever Tick Eradication Program in south Texas along the U.S.-Mexico Border. These videos were ...

Qpais: A Web-Based Expert System for Assistedidentification of Quarantine Stored Insect Pests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Han; Rajotte, Edwin G.; Li, Zhihong; Chen, Ke; Zhang, Shengfang

Stored insect pests can seriously depredate stored products causing worldwide economic losses. Pests enter countries traveling with transported goods. Inspection and Quarantine activities are essential to prevent the invasion and spread of pests. Identification of quarantine stored insect pests is an important component of the China's Inspection and Quarantine procedure, and it is necessary not only to identify whether the species captured is an invasive species, but determine control procedures for stored insect pests. With the development of information technologies, many expert systems that aid in the identification of agricultural pests have been developed. Expert systems for the identification of quarantine stored insect pests are rare and are mainly developed for stand-alone PCs. This paper describes the development of a web-based expert system for identification of quarantine stored insect pests as part of the China 11th Five-Year National Scientific and Technological Support Project (115 Project). Based on user needs, textual knowledge and images were gathered from the literature and expert interviews. ASP.NET, C# and SQL language were used to program the system. Improvement of identification efficiency and flexibility was achieved using a new inference method called characteristic-select-based spatial distance method. The expert system can assist identifying 150 species of quarantine stored insect pests and provide detailed information for each species. The expert system has also been evaluated using two steps: system testing and identification testing. With a 85% rate of correct identification and high efficiency, the system evaluation shows that this expert system can be used in identification work of quarantine stored insect pests.

Environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine. [synergetic effect of heat and radiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1973-01-01

The mechanistic basis of the synergetic effect of combined heat and radiation on microbial destruction was analyzed and results show that radiation intensity, temperature, and relative humidity are the determining factors. Dry heat resistance evaluation for selected bacterial spore crops indicates that different strains of Bacillus stearothermophilus demonstrate marked differences in resistance. Preliminary work to determine the effects of storage time, suspending medium, storage temperature and spore crop cleaning procedures on dry heat survival characteristics of Bacillus subtilis var. Niger, and dry heat resistance of natural microflora in soil particles is also reported.

Mars 96 small station biological decontamination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debus, A.; Runavot, J.; Rogovski, G.; Bogomolov, V.; Khamidullina, N.; Darbord, J. C.; Plombin, B. J.; Trofimov, V.; Ivanov, M.

In the context of extraterrestrial exploration missions and since the beginning of solar system exploration, it is required, according to the article IX of the Outer Space Treaty (London/Washington January 27, 1967) to preserve planets and the Earth from cross contamination. Consequently, COSPAR (Committee of Space Research) has established some planetary protection recommendations in order to protect the environments of other worlds from biological contamination by terrestrial microorganisms, to protect exobiological science for searching for life on planets, and to protect the Earth's environment from back contamination. For the upcoming Mars exploration missions, and after updating the planetary protection recommendations, a biological decontamination program has been designed for Mars 96 landers. After sterilization or biocleaning of equipment and instruments, these are integrated into a cleanroom and kept in sterile conditions with recontamination control in order to satisfy the surface contamination requirements. The Mars 96 orbiter does not need any implementation of sterilization procedures because the probability of spacecraft crash does not exceed 10^-5 and because it's orbit is in accordance with quarantine requirements (orbit lifetime with 0.9999 confidence for the first 20 years and 0.95 confidence during the next 20 years). For the Mars 96 small stations, different methods have been used and especially for the French and Finnish payload, a complete description of hydrogen peroxide gas plasma sterilization will be given, including bioburden assessments and sterility level determination. Probe integration implementation and procedures are described in the second part of this paper.

Quarantine Regulations and the Impact of Modern Detection Methods.

PubMed

Martin, Robert R; Constable, Fiona; Tzanetakis, Ioannis E

2016-08-04

Producers worldwide need access to the best plant varieties and cultivars available to be competitive in global markets. This often means moving plants across international borders as soon as they are available. At the same time, quarantine agencies are tasked with minimizing the risk of introducing exotic pests and pathogens along with imported plant material, with the goal to protect domestic agriculture and native fauna and flora. These two drivers, the movement of more plant material and reduced risk of pathogen introduction, are at odds. Improvements in large-scale or next-generation sequencing (NGS) and bioinformatics for data analysis have resulted in improved speed and accuracy of pathogen detection that could facilitate plant trade with reduced risk of pathogen movement. There are concerns to be addressed before NGS can replace existing tools used for pathogen detection in plant quarantine and certification programs. Here, we discuss the advantages and possible pitfalls of this technology for meeting the needs of plant quarantine and certification.

7 CFR 301.48 - Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on... QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48 Notice of quarantine; quarantine... Secretary of Agriculture heretofore determined after public hearing to quarantine the States of Alabama...

7 CFR 301.48 - Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on... QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48 Notice of quarantine; quarantine... Secretary of Agriculture heretofore determined after public hearing to quarantine the States of Alabama...

7 CFR 301.48 - Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on... QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48 Notice of quarantine; quarantine... Secretary of Agriculture heretofore determined after public hearing to quarantine the States of Alabama...

7 CFR 301.48 - Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on... QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48 Notice of quarantine; quarantine... Secretary of Agriculture heretofore determined after public hearing to quarantine the States of Alabama...

Asian longhorned beetle cooperative eradication program: program accomplishments 2001

Treesearch

Christine Markham

2003-01-01

APHIS spent approximately $3 million to continue ALB eradication activities in New York and Illinois in FY 2001. In New York 6,615 trees were removed, over 4,500 trees replanted, and approximately 121 square miles were under quarantine.

Determination of the appropriate quarantine period following smallpox exposure: an objective approach using the incubation period distribution.

PubMed

Nishiura, Hiroshi

2009-01-01

Determination of the most appropriate quarantine period for those exposed to smallpox is crucial to the construction of an effective preparedness program against a potential bioterrorist attack. This study reanalyzed data on the incubation period distribution of smallpox to allow the optimal quarantine period to be objectively calculated. In total, 131 cases of smallpox were examined; incubation periods were extracted from four different sets of historical data and only cases arising from exposure for a single day were considered. The mean (median and standard deviation (SD)) incubation period was 12.5 (12.0, 2.2) days. Assuming lognormal and gamma distributions for the incubation period, maximum likelihood estimates (and corresponding 95% confidence interval (CI)) of the 95th percentile were 16.4 (95% CI: 15.6, 17.9) and 16.2 (95% CI: 15.5, 17.4) days, respectively. Using a non-parametric method, the 95th percentile point was estimated as 16 (95% CI: 15, 17) days. The upper 95% CIs of the incubation periods at the 90th, 95th and 99th percentiles were shorter than 17, 18 and 23 days, respectively, using both parametric and non-parametric methods. These results suggest that quarantine measures can ensure non-infection among those exposed to smallpox with probabilities higher than 95-99%, if the exposed individuals are quarantined for 18-23 days after the date of contact tracing.

Spacecraft microbial burden reduction due to atmospheric entry heating: Jupiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gonzalez, C. C.; Jaworski, W.; Mcronald, A. S.; Hoffman, A. R.

1973-01-01

Planetary quarantine analyses performed for recent unmanned Mars and Venus missions assumed that the probability of contamination by a spacecraft given accidental impact was equivalent to one. However, in the case of the gaseous outer planets, the heat generated during the inadvertent entry of a spacecraft into the planetary atmosphere might be sufficient to cause significant microbial burden reduction. This could affect navigation strategy by reducing the necessity for biasing the aim point away from the planets. An effort has been underway to develop the tools necessary to predict temperature histories for a typical spacecraft during inadvertent entry. In order that the results have general applicability, parametric analyses were performed. The thermal response of the spacecraft components and debris resulting from disintegration was determined. The temperature histories of small particles and composite materials, such as thermal blankets and an antenna, were given special attention. Guidelines are given to indicate the types of components and debris most likely to contain viable organisms, which could contaminate the lower layers of the Jovian atmosphere (approximately one atmosphere of pressure).

Addressing the gaps in preparation for quarantine.

PubMed

Nathawad, Rita; Roblin, Patricia M; Pruitt, Darrin; Arquilla, Bonnie

2013-04-01

In the event of an outbreak of a communicable respiratory illness, quarantine may become necessary. The New York Institute for All Hazard Preparedness (NYIAHP) of the State University of New York (SUNY) Downstate Medical Center, in cooperation with the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene's Healthcare Emergency Preparedness Program, (NYC DOHMH-HEPP) quarantine working group, has developed a series of clinical protocols to help health care facilities respond to such an event. Two full-scale exercises (FSEs) were designed and conducted a year apart in the quarantine unit at Kings County Hospital Center (KCHC) to test the efficacy and feasibility of these quarantine protocols. The goal of these exercises was to identify the gaps in preparedness for quarantine and increase hospital readiness for such an event. Evaluators monitored for efficient management of critical physical plants, personnel and material resources. Players were expected to integrate and practice emergency response plans and protocols specific to quarantine. In developing the exercise objectives, five activities were selected for evaluation: Activation of the Unit, Staffing, Charting/Admission, Symptom Monitoring and Infection Control, and Client Management. The results of the initial FSE found that there were incomplete critical tasks within all five protocols: These deficiencies were detailed in an After Action Report and an Improvement Plan was presented to the KCHC Disaster Preparedness Committee a month after the initial FSE. In the second FSE a year later, all critical tasks for Activation of the unit, Staffing and Charting/Admission were achieved. Completion of critical tasks related to Symptom Monitoring and Infection Control and Client Management was improved in the second FSE, but some tasks were still not performed appropriately. In short, these exercises identified critical needs in disaster preparedness of the KCHC Quarantine Unit. The lessons learned from this logistical exercise enabled the planning group to have a better understanding of leadership needs, communication capabilities, and infection control procedures. Kings County Hospital Center performed well during these exercises. It was clear that performance in the second exercise was improved, and many problems noted in the first exercise were corrected. Staff also felt better prepared the second time. This supports the idea that frequent exercises are vital to maintain disaster readiness.

7 CFR 301.48 - Notice of quarantine; quarantine restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48 Notice of quarantine; quarantine... of Columbia in order to prevent the spread of the Japanese beetle, a dangerous insect injurious to...

Planetary protection, legal ambiguity and the decision making process for Mars sample return

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Race, M. S.

1996-01-01

As scientists and mission planners develop planetary protection requirements for future Mars sample return missions, they must recognize the socio-political context in which decisions about the mission will be made and pay careful attention to public concerns about potential back contamination of Earth. To the extent that planetary protection questions are unresolved or unaddressed at the time of an actual mission, they offer convenient footholds for public challenges in both legal and decision making realms, over which NASA will have little direct control. In this paper, two particular non-scientific areas of special concern are discussed in detail: 1) legal issues and 2) the decision making process. Understanding these areas is critical for addressing legitimate public concerns as well as for fulfilling procedural requirements regardless whether sample return evokes public controversy. Legal issues with the potential to complicate future missions include: procedural review under National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA); uncertainty about institutional control and authority; conflicting regulations and overlapping jurisdictions; questions about international treaty obligations and large scale impacts; uncertanities about the nature of the organism; and constitutional and regulatory concerns about quarantine, public health and safety. In light of these important legal issues, it is critical that NASA consider the role and timing of public involvement in the decision making process as a way of anticipating problem areas and preparing for legitimate public questions and challenges to sample return missions.

Nasa's Planetary Geologic Mapping Program: Overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, D. A.

2016-06-01

NASA's Planetary Science Division supports the geologic mapping of planetary surfaces through a distinct organizational structure and a series of research and analysis (R&A) funding programs. Cartography and geologic mapping issues for NASA's planetary science programs are overseen by the Mapping and Planetary Spatial Infrastructure Team (MAPSIT), which is an assessment group for cartography similar to the Mars Exploration Program Assessment Group (MEPAG) for Mars exploration. MAPSIT's Steering Committee includes specialists in geological mapping, who make up the Geologic Mapping Subcommittee (GEMS). I am the GEMS Chair, and with a group of 3-4 community mappers we advise the U.S. Geological Survey Planetary Geologic Mapping Coordinator (Dr. James Skinner) and develop policy and procedures to aid the planetary geologic mapping community. GEMS meets twice a year, at the Annual Lunar and Planetary Science Conference in March, and at the Annual Planetary Mappers' Meeting in June (attendance is required by all NASA-funded geologic mappers). Funding programs under NASA's current R&A structure to propose geological mapping projects include Mars Data Analysis (Mars), Lunar Data Analysis (Moon), Discovery Data Analysis (Mercury, Vesta, Ceres), Cassini Data Analysis (Saturn moons), Solar System Workings (Venus or Jupiter moons), and the Planetary Data Archiving, Restoration, and Tools (PDART) program. Current NASA policy requires all funded geologic mapping projects to be done digitally using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) software. In this presentation we will discuss details on how geologic mapping is done consistent with current NASA policy and USGS guidelines.

Microbiological investigations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferguson, J. K.; Taylor, G. R.; Mieszkuc, B. J.

1975-01-01

The crew microbiology program was conducted to evaluate lunar contamination, to detect potentially pathogenic microoganisms, to identify medically important microorganisms recovered from ill crewmen, to aid in diagnosis and treatment, and to collect microbiological data that would aid in elucidating the response of the crew microbial autoflora to the space flight environment and in evaluating the resultant effect on the crewmember. Microbiological sampling of selected sites in the command module was initiated in support of the quarantine program. During lunar quarantine missions, microbial screening was accomplished for all support personnel to be isolated with the returning crewman. Virology support for the Apollo project consisted of characterization of the viral and mycoplasma flora of the crewmembers and performance of viral serology for crewmembers, crew contacts, and key mission personnel. Procedures and results are discussed in detail.

7 CFR 301.91 - Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate... QUARANTINE NOTICES European Larch Canker Quarantine and Regulations § 301.91 Quarantine and regulations... to stop and inspect persons and means of conveyance, and to seize, quarantine, treat, apply other...

7 CFR 301.91 - Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate... QUARANTINE NOTICES European Larch Canker Quarantine and Regulations § 301.91 Quarantine and regulations... to stop and inspect persons and means of conveyance, and to seize, quarantine, treat, apply other...

7 CFR 301.91 - Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate... QUARANTINE NOTICES European Larch Canker Quarantine and Regulations § 301.91 Quarantine and regulations... to stop and inspect persons and means of conveyance, and to seize, quarantine, treat, apply other...

7 CFR 301.91 - Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate... QUARANTINE NOTICES European Larch Canker Quarantine and Regulations § 301.91 Quarantine and regulations... to stop and inspect persons and means of conveyance, and to seize, quarantine, treat, apply other...

7 CFR 301.91 - Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine and regulations; restrictions on interstate... QUARANTINE NOTICES European Larch Canker Quarantine and Regulations § 301.91 Quarantine and regulations... to stop and inspect persons and means of conveyance, and to seize, quarantine, treat, apply other...

9 CFR 130.2 - User fees for individual animals and certain birds quarantined in the APHIS-owned or -operated...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... certain birds quarantined in the APHIS-owned or -operated quarantine facilities, including APHIS Animal... certain birds quarantined in the APHIS-owned or -operated quarantine facilities, including APHIS Animal... for each animal or bird receiving standard housing, care, feed, and handling while quarantined in an...

9 CFR 130.2 - User fees for individual animals and certain birds quarantined in the APHIS-owned or -operated...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... certain birds quarantined in the APHIS-owned or -operated quarantine facilities, including APHIS Animal... certain birds quarantined in the APHIS-owned or -operated quarantine facilities, including APHIS Animal... for each animal or bird receiving standard housing, care, feed, and handling while quarantined in an...

Quarantine for SARS, Taiwan

PubMed Central

King, Chwan-Chuan; Chen, Cathy W. S.; Ho, Mei-Shang; Lee, Jen-Yu; Liu, Feng-Chi; Wu, Yi-Chun

2005-01-01

During the 2003 outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) in Taiwan, >150,000 persons were quarantined, 24 of whom were later found to have laboratory-confirmed SARS-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) infection. Since no evidence exists that SARS-CoV is infective before the onset of symptoms and the quarantined persons were exposed but not symptomatic, we thought the quarantine's effectiveness should be investigated. Using the Taiwan quarantine data, we found that the onset-to-diagnosis time of previously quarantined confirmed case-patients was significantly shortened compared to that for those who had not been quarantined. Thus, quarantine for SARS in Taiwan screened potentially infective persons for swift diagnosis and hospitalization after onset, thereby indirectly reducing infections. Full-scale quarantine measures implemented on April 28 led to a significant improvement in onset-to-diagnosis time of all SARS patients, regardless of previous quarantine status. We discuss the temporal effects of quarantine measures and other interventions on detection and isolation as well as the potential usefulness of quarantine in faster identification of persons with SARS and in improving isolation measures. PMID:15752447

The role of small missions in planetary and lunar exploration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

The Space Studies Board of the National Research Council charged its Committee on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX) to (1) examine the degree to which small missions, such as those fitting within the constraints of the Discovery program, can achieve priority objectives in the lunar and planetary sciences; (2) determine those characteristics, such as level of risk, flight rate, target mix, university involvement, technology development, management structure and procedures, and so on, that could allow a successful program; (3) assess issues, such as instrument selection, mission operations, data analysis, and data archiving, to ensure the greatest scientific return from a particular mission, given a rapid deployment schedule and a tightly constrained budget; and (4) review past programmatic attempts to establish small planetary science mission lines, including the Planetary Observers and Planetary Explorers, and consider the impact management practices have had on such programs. A series of small missions presents the planetary science community with the opportunity to expand the scope of its activities and to develop the potential and inventiveness of its members in ways not possible within the confines of large, traditional programs. COMPLEX also realized that a program of small planetary missions was, in and of itself, incapable of meeting all of the prime objectives contained in its report 'An Integrated Strategy for the Planetary Sciences: 1995-2010.' Recommendations are provided for the small planetary missions to fulfill their promise.

Effects of quarantine on cats and their owners.

PubMed

Rochlitz, I; Podberscek, A L; Broom, D M

1998-08-15

The effects of quarantine on 16 cats and their owners were assessed by means of four questionnaires completed by the owners at the beginning of their cat's stay in quarantine, three months later, and two weeks and three months after the cats left quarantine. Changes in body condition were evident in two-thirds of the cats during and at the end of quarantine but not three months later. Mid-way through quarantine, the owners considered their cats were less attached to them, less relaxed, more excitable, more aggressive, more nervous and less playful than before quarantine. When they left quarantine the cats were friendlier, more affectionate and more timid, and three months later they were more affectionate, more nervous and more vocal than before quarantine. When they left quarantine and three months later the cats spent more time with their owners than before quarantine. Most owners visited their cats once or twice a month; the location of the cattery and the limited opening hours restricted the number of visits they made.

Quantifying the impact of community quarantine on SARS transmission in Ontario: estimation of secondary case count difference and number needed to quarantine.

PubMed

Bondy, Susan J; Russell, Margaret L; Laflèche, Julie Ml; Rea, Elizabeth

2009-12-24

Community quarantine is controversial, and the decision to use and prepare for it should be informed by specific quantitative evidence of benefit. Case-study reports on 2002-2004 SARS outbreaks have discussed the role of quarantine in the community in transmission. However, this literature has not yielded quantitative estimates of the reduction in secondary cases attributable to quarantine as would be seen in other areas of health policy and cost-effectiveness analysis. Using data from the 2003 Ontario, Canada, SARS outbreak, two novel expressions for the impact of quarantine are presented. Secondary Case Count Difference (SCCD) reflects reduction in the average number of transmissions arising from a SARS case in quarantine, relative to not in quarantine, at onset of symptoms. SCCD was estimated using Poisson and negative binomial regression models (with identity link function) comparing the number of secondary cases to each index case for quarantine relative to non-quarantined index cases. The inverse of this statistic is proposed as the number needed to quarantine (NNQ) to prevent one additional secondary transmission. Our estimated SCCD was 0.133 fewer secondary cases per quarantined versus non-quarantined index case; and a NNQ of 7.5 exposed individuals to be placed in community quarantine to prevent one additional case of transmission in the community. This analysis suggests quarantine can be an effective preventive measure, although these estimates lack statistical precision. Relative to other health policy areas, literature on quarantine tends to lack in quantitative expressions of effectiveness, or agreement on how best to report differences in outcomes attributable to control measure. We hope to further this discussion through presentation of means to calculate and express the impact of population control measures. The study of quarantine effectiveness presents several methodological and statistical challenges. Further research and discussion are needed to understand the costs and benefits of enacting quarantine, and this includes a discussion of how quantitative benefit should be communicated to decision-makers and the public, and evaluated.

Quantifying the impact of community quarantine on SARS transmission in Ontario: estimation of secondary case count difference and number needed to quarantine

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Community quarantine is controversial, and the decision to use and prepare for it should be informed by specific quantitative evidence of benefit. Case-study reports on 2002-2004 SARS outbreaks have discussed the role of quarantine in the community in transmission. However, this literature has not yielded quantitative estimates of the reduction in secondary cases attributable to quarantine as would be seen in other areas of health policy and cost-effectiveness analysis. Methods Using data from the 2003 Ontario, Canada, SARS outbreak, two novel expressions for the impact of quarantine are presented. Secondary Case Count Difference (SCCD) reflects reduction in the average number of transmissions arising from a SARS case in quarantine, relative to not in quarantine, at onset of symptoms. SCCD was estimated using Poisson and negative binomial regression models (with identity link function) comparing the number of secondary cases to each index case for quarantine relative to non-quarantined index cases. The inverse of this statistic is proposed as the number needed to quarantine (NNQ) to prevent one additional secondary transmission. Results Our estimated SCCD was 0.133 fewer secondary cases per quarantined versus non-quarantined index case; and a NNQ of 7.5 exposed individuals to be placed in community quarantine to prevent one additional case of transmission in the community. This analysis suggests quarantine can be an effective preventive measure, although these estimates lack statistical precision. Conclusions Relative to other health policy areas, literature on quarantine tends to lack in quantitative expressions of effectiveness, or agreement on how best to report differences in outcomes attributable to control measure. We hope to further this discussion through presentation of means to calculate and express the impact of population control measures. The study of quarantine effectiveness presents several methodological and statistical challenges. Further research and discussion are needed to understand the costs and benefits of enacting quarantine, and this includes a discussion of how quantitative benefit should be communicated to decision-makers and the public, and evaluated. PMID:20034405

Optimizing Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Response Strategies: Lessons Learned From Quarantine

PubMed Central

Wang, Tsung-Hsi; Wei, Kuo-Chen; Hsiung, Chao Agnes; Maloney, Susan A.; Eidex, Rachel Barwick; Posey, Drew L.; Chou, Wei-Hui; Shih, Wen-Yi; Kuo, Hsu-Sung

2007-01-01

Taiwan used quarantine as 1 of numerous interventions implemented to control the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome in 2003. From March 18 to July 31, 2003, 147 526 persons were placed under quarantine. Quarantining only persons with known exposure to people infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome could have reduced the number of persons quarantined by approximately 64%. Focusing quarantine efforts on persons with known or suspected exposure can greatly decrease the number of persons placed under quarantine, without substantially compromising its yield and effectiveness. PMID:17413071

7 CFR 318.47 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.47 Section 318.47... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Territorial Cotton, Cottonseed, and Cottonseed Products Quarantine § 318.47 Notice of quarantine. (a) The Secretary of...

7 CFR 318.47 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.47 Section 318.47... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Territorial Cotton, Cottonseed, and Cottonseed Products Quarantine § 318.47 Notice of quarantine. (a) The Secretary of...

7 CFR 318.47 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.47 Section 318.47... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Territorial Cotton, Cottonseed, and Cottonseed Products Quarantine § 318.47 Notice of quarantine. (a) The Secretary of...

Organics in APOLLO Lunar Samples

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allen, C. C.; Allton, J. H.

2007-01-01

One of many unknowns prior to the Apollo landings concerned the possibility of life, its remains, or its organic precursors on the surface of the Moon. While the existence of lunar organisms was considered highly unlikely, a program of biological quarantine and testing for the astronauts, the Apollo Command Modules, and the lunar rock and soil samples, was instituted in the Lunar Receiving Laboratory (LRL). No conclusive evidence of lunar organisms, was detected and the quarantine program was ended after Apollo 14. Analyses for organic compounds were also con-ducted. Considerable effort was expended, during lunar surface operations and in the LRL, to minimize and quantify organic contamination. Post-Apollo curatorial operations and cleaning minimize contamination from particulates, oxygen, and water but no longer specifically address organic contamination. The organic compounds measured in Apollo samples are generally consistent with known sources of contamination.

Planetary geosciences, 1989-1990

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zuber, Maria T. (Editor); James, Odette B. (Editor); Lunine, Jonathan I. (Editor); Macpherson, Glenn J. (Editor); Phillips, Roger J. (Editor)

1992-01-01

NASA's Planetary Geosciences Programs (the Planetary Geology and Geophysics and the Planetary Material and Geochemistry Programs) provide support and an organizational framework for scientific research on solid bodies of the solar system. These research and analysis programs support scientific research aimed at increasing our understanding of the physical, chemical, and dynamic nature of the solid bodies of the solar system: the Moon, the terrestrial planets, the satellites of the outer planets, the rings, the asteroids, and the comets. This research is conducted using a variety of methods: laboratory experiments, theoretical approaches, data analysis, and Earth analog techniques. Through research supported by these programs, we are expanding our understanding of the origin and evolution of the solar system. This document is intended to provide an overview of the more significant scientific findings and discoveries made this year by scientists supported by the Planetary Geosciences Program. To a large degree, these results and discoveries are the measure of success of the programs.

The Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey Program (CAPS): scientific support to optimize a national program

Treesearch

Lisa D. Jackson; Daniel A. Fieselmann

2011-01-01

The mission of the Cooperative Agricultural Pest Survey (CAPS) program is to provide a survey profile of exotic plant pests in the United States deemed to be of regulatory significance to USDA Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (APHIS), Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ), State Departments of Agriculture, tribal governments, and cooperators by confirming the...

9 CFR 93.413 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosures during any time that ruminants are in quarantine unless the APHIS representative or inspector in...

9 CFR 93.413 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosures during any time that ruminants are in quarantine unless the APHIS representative or inspector in...

9 CFR 93.413 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosures during any time that ruminants are in quarantine unless the APHIS representative or inspector in...

9 CFR 93.413 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosures during any time that ruminants are in quarantine unless the APHIS representative or inspector in...

9 CFR 93.413 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosures during any time that ruminants are in quarantine unless the APHIS representative or inspector in...

Cuba's response to the HIV epidemic.

PubMed Central

Pérez-Stable, E J

1991-01-01

BACKGROUND: Cuba's response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has been to conduct mass testing of the population to ascertain seroprevalence, to enforce mandatory relative quarantine of persons testing positive, and to implement educational interventions using media and school-based programs. METHODS: Interview with the Vice-Minister of Health and review of available data. RESULTS: Reports to date show a very low seroprevalence rate without evidence of a widespread epidemic. Sexual contact with foreign-born persons is the primary risk factor. Possible advantages of Cuba's policy include rapid reduction in the risk of HIV transmission by infected blood products, an opportunity for focused education and secondary prevention, and limitation of new infections. Possible disadvantages include the restriction of individual freedom in those who are not guilty of any illegal act, quarantine of persons with false positive HIV tests, and ongoing transmission because of the incomplete nature of the quarantine. The policy is expensive and may displace other public health priorities. The content of the media-based educational interventions has emphasized rational medical information in unimaginative formats with a limited focus on prevention. CONCLUSIONS: The issue of personal responsibility for behavioral change versus government imposed regulations is at the core of Cuba's HIV policy. The quarantine policy may paradoxically permit most Cubans to feel that they are personally invulnerable to the HIV epidemic. PMID:2014854

Cuba's response to the HIV epidemic.

PubMed

Pérez-Stable, E J

1991-05-01

Cuba's response to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemic has been to conduct mass testing of the population to ascertain seroprevalence, to enforce mandatory relative quarantine of persons testing positive, and to implement educational interventions using media and school-based programs. Interview with the Vice-Minister of Health and review of available data. Reports to date show a very low seroprevalence rate without evidence of a widespread epidemic. Sexual contact with foreign-born persons is the primary risk factor. Possible advantages of Cuba's policy include rapid reduction in the risk of HIV transmission by infected blood products, an opportunity for focused education and secondary prevention, and limitation of new infections. Possible disadvantages include the restriction of individual freedom in those who are not guilty of any illegal act, quarantine of persons with false positive HIV tests, and ongoing transmission because of the incomplete nature of the quarantine. The policy is expensive and may displace other public health priorities. The content of the media-based educational interventions has emphasized rational medical information in unimaginative formats with a limited focus on prevention. The issue of personal responsibility for behavioral change versus government imposed regulations is at the core of Cuba's HIV policy. The quarantine policy may paradoxically permit most Cubans to feel that they are personally invulnerable to the HIV epidemic.

Reports of planetary geology program, 1976 - 1977. [abstracts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arvidson, R. (Compiler); Wahmann, R. (Compiler); Howard, J. H., III

1977-01-01

One hundred seventeen investigations undertaken in the NASA Planetary Geology Program in 1976-1977 are reported in abstract form. Topics discussed include solar system formation; planetary interiors; planetary evolution; asteroids, comets and moons; cratering; volcanic, eolian, fluvial and mass wasting processes; volatiles and the Martian regolith; mapping; and instrument development and techniques. An author index is provided.

7 CFR 301.52 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52 Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of...

7 CFR 301.52 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52 Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of...

42 CFR 34.6 - Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations. 34... CARE AND EXAMINATIONS MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF ALIENS § 34.6 Applicability of Foreign Quarantine... 42 CFR part 71, Foreign Quarantine, with respect to examination and quarantine measures. [56 FR 25003...

7 CFR 319.55 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.55 Section 319.55... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Quarantine § 319.55 Notice of quarantine. (a) The fact has been determined by the Secretary of Agriculture, and notice is hereby given, (1...

7 CFR 301.52 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52 Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of...

42 CFR 34.6 - Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations. 34... CARE AND EXAMINATIONS MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF ALIENS § 34.6 Applicability of Foreign Quarantine... 42 CFR part 71, Foreign Quarantine, with respect to examination and quarantine measures. [56 FR 25003...

42 CFR 34.6 - Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations. 34... CARE AND EXAMINATIONS MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF ALIENS § 34.6 Applicability of Foreign Quarantine... 42 CFR part 71, Foreign Quarantine, with respect to examination and quarantine measures. [56 FR 25003...

7 CFR 301.52 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52 Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of...

42 CFR 34.6 - Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations. 34... CARE AND EXAMINATIONS MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF ALIENS § 34.6 Applicability of Foreign Quarantine... 42 CFR part 71, Foreign Quarantine, with respect to examination and quarantine measures. [56 FR 25003...

42 CFR 34.6 - Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applicability of Foreign Quarantine Regulations. 34... CARE AND EXAMINATIONS MEDICAL EXAMINATION OF ALIENS § 34.6 Applicability of Foreign Quarantine... 42 CFR part 71, Foreign Quarantine, with respect to examination and quarantine measures. [56 FR 25003...

7 CFR 301.74-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Plum Pox § 301.74-3 Quarantined areas. (a... quarantined area in paragraph (c) of this section each State, or each portion of a State, in which plum pox... to believe that plum pox is present, or that the Administrator considers necessary to quarantine...

9 CFR 93.511 - Swine quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Swine quarantine facilities. 93.511... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.511 Swine quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of swine subject to quarantine...

9 CFR 93.511 - Swine quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Swine quarantine facilities. 93.511... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.511 Swine quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of swine subject to quarantine...

9 CFR 93.511 - Swine quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Swine quarantine facilities. 93.511... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.511 Swine quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of swine subject to quarantine...

9 CFR 93.511 - Swine quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Swine quarantine facilities. 93.511... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.511 Swine quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of swine subject to quarantine...

9 CFR 93.511 - Swine quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Swine quarantine facilities. 93.511... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.511 Swine quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of swine subject to quarantine...

Mars Technology Program Planetary Protection Technology Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Ying

2006-01-01

The objectives of the NASA Planetary Protection program are to preserve biological and organic conditions of solar-system bodies for future scientific exploration and to protect the Earth from potential hazardous extraterrestrial contamination. As the exploration of solar system continues, NASA remains committed to the implementation of planetary protection policy and regulations. To fulfill this commitment, the Mars Technology Program (MTP) has invested in a portfolio of tasks for developing necessary technologies to meet planetary protection requirements for the next decade missions.

42 CFR Appendix E to Part 75 - Standards for Accreditation of Educational Programs for Radiation Therapy Technologists

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards for Accreditation of Educational Programs for Radiation Therapy Technologists E Appendix E to Part 75 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES QUARANTINE, INSPECTION, LICENSING STANDARDS FOR THE ACCREDITATION OF...

42 CFR Appendix D to Part 75 - Standards for Accreditation of Educational Programs for Nuclear Medicine Technologists

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards for Accreditation of Educational Programs for Nuclear Medicine Technologists D Appendix D to Part 75 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES QUARANTINE, INSPECTION, LICENSING STANDARDS FOR THE ACCREDITATION OF...

Quarantine for pandemic influenza control at the borders of small island nations.

PubMed

Nishiura, Hiroshi; Wilson, Nick; Baker, Michael G

2009-03-11

Although border quarantine is included in many influenza pandemic plans, detailed guidelines have yet to be formulated, including considerations for the optimal quarantine length. Motivated by the situation of small island nations, which will probably experience the introduction of pandemic influenza via just one airport, we examined the potential effectiveness of quarantine as a border control measure. Analysing the detailed epidemiologic characteristics of influenza, the effectiveness of quarantine at the borders of islands was modelled as the relative reduction of the risk of releasing infectious individuals into the community, explicitly accounting for the presence of asymptomatic infected individuals. The potential benefit of adding the use of rapid diagnostic testing to the quarantine process was also considered. We predict that 95% and 99% effectiveness in preventing the release of infectious individuals into the community could be achieved with quarantine periods of longer than 4.7 and 8.6 days, respectively. If rapid diagnostic testing is combined with quarantine, the lengths of quarantine to achieve 95% and 99% effectiveness could be shortened to 2.6 and 5.7 days, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that quarantine alone for 8.7 days or quarantine for 5.7 days combined with using rapid diagnostic testing could prevent secondary transmissions caused by the released infectious individuals for a plausible range of prevalence at the source country (up to 10%) and for a modest number of incoming travellers (up to 8000 individuals). Quarantine at the borders of island nations could contribute substantially to preventing the arrival of pandemic influenza (or at least delaying the arrival date). For small island nations we recommend consideration of quarantine alone for 9 days or quarantine for 6 days combined with using rapid diagnostic testing (if available).

Quarantine for pandemic influenza control at the borders of small island nations

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Although border quarantine is included in many influenza pandemic plans, detailed guidelines have yet to be formulated, including considerations for the optimal quarantine length. Motivated by the situation of small island nations, which will probably experience the introduction of pandemic influenza via just one airport, we examined the potential effectiveness of quarantine as a border control measure. Methods Analysing the detailed epidemiologic characteristics of influenza, the effectiveness of quarantine at the borders of islands was modelled as the relative reduction of the risk of releasing infectious individuals into the community, explicitly accounting for the presence of asymptomatic infected individuals. The potential benefit of adding the use of rapid diagnostic testing to the quarantine process was also considered. Results We predict that 95% and 99% effectiveness in preventing the release of infectious individuals into the community could be achieved with quarantine periods of longer than 4.7 and 8.6 days, respectively. If rapid diagnostic testing is combined with quarantine, the lengths of quarantine to achieve 95% and 99% effectiveness could be shortened to 2.6 and 5.7 days, respectively. Sensitivity analysis revealed that quarantine alone for 8.7 days or quarantine for 5.7 days combined with using rapid diagnostic testing could prevent secondary transmissions caused by the released infectious individuals for a plausible range of prevalence at the source country (up to 10%) and for a modest number of incoming travellers (up to 8000 individuals). Conclusion Quarantine at the borders of island nations could contribute substantially to preventing the arrival of pandemic influenza (or at least delaying the arrival date). For small island nations we recommend consideration of quarantine alone for 9 days or quarantine for 6 days combined with using rapid diagnostic testing (if available). PMID:19284571

7 CFR 319.8 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.8 Section 319.8 Agriculture..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Foreign Cotton and Covers Quarantine § 319.8 Notice of quarantine. Pursuant to sections 411-414 and 434 of the Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711-7714 and 7754...

9 CFR 72.5 - Area quarantined in Texas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Area quarantined in Texas. 72.5 Section 72.5 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...) FEVER IN CATTLE § 72.5 Area quarantined in Texas. The area quarantined in Texas is the quarantined area...

Mariner Jupiter/Saturn 1977 preliminary mission design.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bourke, R. D.; Miles, R. F.; Penzo, P. A.; Van Dillen, S. L.; Wallace, R. A.

1972-01-01

Current plans of NASA are to take advantage of the 1977 launch opportunity by sending a Mariner class spacecraft on a gravity assisted flyby of Jupiter which will then continue on to Saturn. The background of this Mariner Jupiter-Saturn 77 Project is reviewed and science objectives for this mission as currently adapted are given. This paper illustrates properties of the Jupiter-Saturn opportunities between 1976 and 1980 to give context to the 1977 opportunity. Details of the possibilities for the 1977 launch are shown along with constraints and example candidate trajectories. Options include close flybys and/or occultations of the satellites at Jupiter and Saturn, penetration of Saturn's rings, and various occultations of the planets. A short discussion of other factors, such as navigation and planetary quarantine (documented elsewhere) are included.

7 CFR 301.11 - Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate movement of certain imported plants and plant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Plants and Plant Parts § 301.11 Notice of quarantine; prohibition on... and establishment of foreign plant pests and diseases. (b) Under this quarantine notice, whenever any...

7 CFR 301.11 - Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate movement of certain imported plants and plant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Plants and Plant Parts § 301.11 Notice of quarantine; prohibition on... and establishment of foreign plant pests and diseases. (b) Under this quarantine notice, whenever any...

7 CFR 301.11 - Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate movement of certain imported plants and plant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Plants and Plant Parts § 301.11 Notice of quarantine; prohibition on... and establishment of foreign plant pests and diseases. (b) Under this quarantine notice, whenever any...

7 CFR 301.11 - Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate movement of certain imported plants and plant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Plants and Plant Parts § 301.11 Notice of quarantine; prohibition on... and establishment of foreign plant pests and diseases. (b) Under this quarantine notice, whenever any...

7 CFR 301.11 - Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate movement of certain imported plants and plant...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine; prohibition on the interstate... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Imported Plants and Plant Parts § 301.11 Notice of quarantine; prohibition on... and establishment of foreign plant pests and diseases. (b) Under this quarantine notice, whenever any...

21 CFR 1271.60 - What quarantine and other requirements apply before the donor-eligibility determination is complete?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false What quarantine and other requirements apply... TISSUE-BASED PRODUCTS Donor Eligibility § 1271.60 What quarantine and other requirements apply before the donor-eligibility determination is complete? (a) Quarantine. You must keep an HCT/P in quarantine, as...

21 CFR 1271.60 - What quarantine and other requirements apply before the donor-eligibility determination is complete?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false What quarantine and other requirements apply... TISSUE-BASED PRODUCTS Donor Eligibility § 1271.60 What quarantine and other requirements apply before the donor-eligibility determination is complete? (a) Quarantine. You must keep an HCT/P in quarantine, as...

21 CFR 1271.60 - What quarantine and other requirements apply before the donor-eligibility determination is complete?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false What quarantine and other requirements apply... TISSUE-BASED PRODUCTS Donor Eligibility § 1271.60 What quarantine and other requirements apply before the donor-eligibility determination is complete? (a) Quarantine. You must keep an HCT/P in quarantine, as...

7 CFR 301.74-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.74-4 Section 301.74-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... articles from quarantined areas. The interstate movement of any regulated article from a quarantined area 2... quarantines and regulations must also be met. (a) The regulated article is moved by the United States...

7 CFR 301.32-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.32-4 Section 301.32-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... regulated articles from quarantined areas. Any regulated article may be moved interstate from a quarantined... permit if: (1) The regulated article originated outside the quarantined area and is either moved in an...

7 CFR 301.52-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined States. 2 301.52-3 Section 301.52-3 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-3 Conditions governing the... interstate from any quarantined State under the following conditions: (a) From any regulated area, with...

7 CFR 301.52-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined States. 2 301.52-3 Section 301.52-3 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-3 Conditions governing the... interstate from any quarantined State under the following conditions: (a) From any regulated area, with...

7 CFR 301.52-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined States. 2 301.52-3 Section 301.52-3 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-3 Conditions governing the... interstate from any quarantined State under the following conditions: (a) From any regulated area, with...

7 CFR 301.52-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined States. 2 301.52-3 Section 301.52-3 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-3 Conditions governing the... interstate from any quarantined State under the following conditions: (a) From any regulated area, with...

7 CFR 301.52-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined States. 2 301.52-3 Section 301.52-3 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-3 Conditions governing the... interstate from any quarantined State under the following conditions: (a) From any regulated area, with...

7 CFR 301.32-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.32-4 Section 301.32-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... regulated articles from quarantined areas. Any regulated article may be moved interstate from a quarantined... permit if: (1) The regulated article originated outside the quarantined area and is either moved in an...

7 CFR 301.50-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.50-4 Section 301.50-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... regulated articles from quarantined areas. Any regulated article may be moved interstate from a quarantined... certificate or limited permit, if: (1)(i) The regulated article originates outside any quarantined area and is...

7 CFR 301.74-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.74-4 Section 301.74-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... articles from quarantined areas. The interstate movement of any regulated article from a quarantined area 2... quarantines and regulations must also be met. (a) The regulated article is moved by the United States...

Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience.

PubMed

Reynolds, D L; Garay, J R; Deamond, S L; Moran, M K; Gold, W; Styra, R

2008-07-01

This study examines a cohort of persons quarantined during the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada and describes their understanding of, difficulties and compliance with, and the psychological impact of the quarantine experience. A mailed questionnaire was administered to 1912 eligible adults and included the Impact of Events Scale - Revised (IES-R) to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported compliance with all required quarantine measures was low (15.8+/-2.3%), although significantly higher when the rationale for quarantine was understood (P=0.018). Health-care workers (HCW) experienced greater psychological distress, including symptoms of PTSD (P<0.001). Increasing perceived difficulty with compliance, HCW, longer quarantine and compliance with quarantine requirements were significant contributors to higher IES-R scores. The low compliance with quarantine requirements introduces concerns about the effectiveness of quarantine as a public health measure. Improvements in compliance and reduced psychological distress may be possible by minimizing duration, revising requirements, and providing enhanced education and support.

Understanding, compliance and psychological impact of the SARS quarantine experience

PubMed Central

REYNOLDS, D. L.; GARAY, J. R.; DEAMOND, S. L.; MORAN, M. K.; GOLD, W.; STYRA, R.

2008-01-01

SUMMARY This study examines a cohort of persons quarantined during the 2003 SARS outbreak in Canada and describes their understanding of, difficulties and compliance with, and the psychological impact of the quarantine experience. A mailed questionnaire was administered to 1912 eligible adults and included the Impact of Events Scale – Revised (IES-R) to assess symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Self-reported compliance with all required quarantine measures was low (15·8±2·3%), although significantly higher when the rationale for quarantine was understood (P=0·018). Health-care workers (HCW) experienced greater psychological distress, including symptoms of PTSD (P<0·001). Increasing perceived difficulty with compliance, HCW, longer quarantine and compliance with quarantine requirements were significant contributors to higher IES-R scores. The low compliance with quarantine requirements introduces concerns about the effectiveness of quarantine as a public health measure. Improvements in compliance and reduced psychological distress may be possible by minimizing duration, revising requirements, and providing enhanced education and support. PMID:17662167

Publications of the planetary biology program for 1975: A special bibliography. [on NASA programs and research projects on extraterrestrial life

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Souza, K. A. (Compiler); Young, R. S. (Compiler)

1976-01-01

The Planetary Biology Program of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration is the first and only integrated program to methodically investigate the planetary events which may have been responsible for, or related to, the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. Research supported by this program is divided into the seven areas listed below: (1) chemical evolution, (2) organic geochemistry, (3) life detection, (4) biological adaptation, (5) bioinstrumentation, (6) planetary environments, and (7) origin of life. The arrangement of references in this bibliography follows the division of research described above. Articles are listed alphabetically by author under the research area with which they are most closely related. Only those publications which resulted from research supported by the Planetary Biology Program and which bear a 1975 publication date have been included. Abstracts and theses are not included because of the preliminary and abbreviated nature of the former and the frequent difficulty of obtaining the latter.

Mars Technology Program: Planetary Protection Technology Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lin, Ying

2006-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the development of Planetary Protection Technology in the Mars Technology Program. The goal of the program is to develop technologies that will enable NASA to build, launch, and operate a mission that has subsystems with different Planetary Protection (PP) classifications, specifically for operating a Category IVb-equivalent subsystem from a Category IVa platform. The IVa category of planetary protection requires bioburden reduction (i.e., no sterilization is required) The IVb category in addition to IVa requirements: (i.e., terminal sterilization of spacecraft is required). The differences between the categories are further reviewed.

Is There a Case for Quarantine? Perspectives from SARS to Ebola.

PubMed

Barbisch, Donna; Koenig, Kristi L; Shih, Fuh-Yuan

2015-10-01

Quarantine has been used for centuries in an effort to prevent the introduction, transmission, and spread of communicable diseases. While backed by legal authority, the public and even the health care worker community's understanding of the term is murky at best and scientific evidence to support the use of quarantine is frequently lacking. The multiple interpretations and references to quarantine, the inconsistent application of public health quarantine laws across jurisdictional boundaries, and reports of ineffectiveness are further complicated by associated infringement of civil liberties and human rights abuses. Given the need to balance public safety with human rights, we must be more precise about the meaning of quarantine and consider the efficacy and negative secondary effects resulting from its implementation. This article explains quarantine terminology and then uses a case study from Taiwan during the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak to illustrate the key principles associated with quarantine measures taken during the 2014 Ebola outbreak and the potential hazards that can arise from quarantines. Finally, we provide a quarantine and isolation decision tree to assist policy makers and public health officials in applying medically defensible, outcomes-based data and legal authorities to optimize management of emerging infectious diseases.

Planetary exploration through year 2000: A core Program, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1983-01-01

The Core Program, goals for planetary exploration, continuity and expansion, core program missions, mission implementation, anticipated accomplishments, resource requirements, and near term budget decisions are discussed.

Planetary exploration through year 2000, a core program: Mission operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

In 1980 the NASA Advisory Council created the Solar System Exploratory Committee (SSEC) to formulate a long-range program of planetary missions that was consistent with likely fiscal constraints on total program cost. The SSEC had as its primary goal the establishment of a scientifically valid, affordable program that would preserve the nation's leading role in solar system exploration, capitalize on two decades of investment, and be consistent with the coordinated set of scientific stategies developed earlier by the Committe on Planetary and Lunar Exploration (COMPLEX). The result of the SSEC effort was the design of a Core Program of planetary missions to be launched by the year 2000, together with a realistic and responsible funding plan. The Core Program Missions, subcommittee activities, science issues, transition period assumptions, and recommendations are discussed.

7 CFR 301.48-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-4 Conditions governing the... all other applicable Federal domestic plant quarantines must be met. (a) An inspector, upon visual...

7 CFR 301.48-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-4 Conditions governing the... all other applicable Federal domestic plant quarantines must be met. (a) An inspector, upon visual...

7 CFR 301.48-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-4 Conditions governing the... all other applicable Federal domestic plant quarantines must be met. (a) An inspector, upon visual...

7 CFR 301.48-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-4 Conditions governing the... all other applicable Federal domestic plant quarantines must be met. (a) An inspector, upon visual...

NASA Planetary Science Division's Instrument Development Programs, PICASSO and MatISSE

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gaier, James R.

2016-01-01

The Planetary Science Division (PSD) has combined several legacy instrument development programs into just two. The Planetary Instrument Concepts Advancing Solar System Observations (PICASSO) program funds the development of low TRL instruments and components. The Maturation of Instruments for Solar System Observations (MatISSE) program funds the development of instruments in the mid-TRL range. The strategy of PSD instrument development is to develop instruments from PICASSO to MatISSE to proposing for mission development.

Significant achievements in the Planetary Geology Program. [geologic processes, comparative planetology, and solar system evolution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Head, J. W. (Editor)

1978-01-01

Developments reported at a meeting of principal investigators for NASA's planetology geology program are summarized. Topics covered include: constraints on solar system formation; asteriods, comets, and satellites; constraints on planetary interiors; volatiles and regoliths; instrument development techniques; planetary cartography; geological and geochemical constraints on planetary evolution; fluvial processes and channel formation; volcanic processes; Eolian processes; radar studies of planetary surfaces; cratering as a process, landform, and dating method; and the Tharsis region of Mars. Activities at a planetary geology field conference on Eolian processes are reported and techniques recommended for the presentation and analysis of crater size-frequency data are included.

Publications of the exobiology program for 1981: A special bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pleasant, L. G. (Compiler); Devincenzi, D. L. (Compiler)

1982-01-01

The exobiology program investigates the planetary events which were responsible for, or, related to, the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. The areas involved include: chemical evolution, organic geochemistry, origin and evolution of life, planetary environments, life in the universe, planetary protection, and Mars data analysis.

7 CFR 319.15 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.15 Section 319.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Sugarcane § 319.15 Notice of quarantine. (a...

7 CFR 319.15 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.15 Section 319.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Sugarcane § 319.15 Notice of quarantine. (a...

7 CFR 319.15 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.15 Section 319.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Sugarcane § 319.15 Notice of quarantine. (a...

7 CFR 319.15 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.15 Section 319.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Sugarcane § 319.15 Notice of quarantine. (a...

7 CFR 319.15 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.15 Section 319.15 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Sugarcane § 319.15 Notice of quarantine. (a...

Raising the Yellow Flag: State Variation in Quarantine Laws.

PubMed

Katz, Rebecca; Vaught, Andrea; Formentos, Adrienne; Capizola, Jordan

Quarantine is an important but often misused tool of public health. An effective quarantine requires a process that inspires trust in government, only punishes noncompliance, and promotes a culture of social responsibility. Accomplishing successful quarantine requires incentives and enabling factors, payments, job security, and a tiered enforcement plan. In this article, we examine the variation in state-level quarantine laws and assess the effectiveness of these laws and regulations. We find that most states allow for an individual to have a hearing (63%) and to have a voice in burial and cremation procedures (71%), yet are weak on all other individual rights measures. Only 20% of states have provisions to protect employment when an individual is under quarantine, and less than half have plans for safe and humane quarantines. Decision makers at the state and local levels must make a concerted effort to revise and update quarantine laws and regulations. Ideally, these laws and regulations should be harmonized so as to avoid confusion and disruption between states, and public health officials should work with populations to identify and address the factors that will support successful quarantines if they are ever required.

Efficiency of prompt quarantine measures on a susceptible-infected-removed model in networks.

PubMed

Hasegawa, Takehisa; Nemoto, Koji

2017-08-01

This study focuses on investigating the manner in which a prompt quarantine measure suppresses epidemics in networks. A simple and ideal quarantine measure is considered in which an individual is detected with a probability immediately after it becomes infected and the detected one and its neighbors are promptly isolated. The efficiency of this quarantine in suppressing a susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is tested in random graphs and uncorrelated scale-free networks. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that the prompt quarantine measure outperforms random and acquaintance preventive vaccination schemes in terms of reducing the number of infected individuals. The epidemic threshold for the SIR model is analytically derived under the quarantine measure, and the theoretical findings indicate that prompt executions of quarantines are highly effective in containing epidemics. Even if infected individuals are detected with a very low probability, the SIR model under a prompt quarantine measure has finite epidemic thresholds in fat-tailed scale-free networks in which an infected individual can always cause an outbreak of a finite relative size without any measure. The numerical simulations also demonstrate that the present quarantine measure is effective in suppressing epidemics in real networks.

Efficiency of prompt quarantine measures on a susceptible-infected-removed model in networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasegawa, Takehisa; Nemoto, Koji

2017-08-01

This study focuses on investigating the manner in which a prompt quarantine measure suppresses epidemics in networks. A simple and ideal quarantine measure is considered in which an individual is detected with a probability immediately after it becomes infected and the detected one and its neighbors are promptly isolated. The efficiency of this quarantine in suppressing a susceptible-infected-removed (SIR) model is tested in random graphs and uncorrelated scale-free networks. Monte Carlo simulations are used to show that the prompt quarantine measure outperforms random and acquaintance preventive vaccination schemes in terms of reducing the number of infected individuals. The epidemic threshold for the SIR model is analytically derived under the quarantine measure, and the theoretical findings indicate that prompt executions of quarantines are highly effective in containing epidemics. Even if infected individuals are detected with a very low probability, the SIR model under a prompt quarantine measure has finite epidemic thresholds in fat-tailed scale-free networks in which an infected individual can always cause an outbreak of a finite relative size without any measure. The numerical simulations also demonstrate that the present quarantine measure is effective in suppressing epidemics in real networks.

9 CFR 93.411 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.411... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.411 Quarantine requirements. (a) Except... quarantine, to such inspections, disinfection, blood tests, or other tests as may be required by the...

9 CFR 93.210 - Poultry quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Poultry quarantine facilities. 93.210... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.210 Poultry quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of poultry subject to...

9 CFR 93.310 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.310 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.310 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.310 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.512 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.512 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.211 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.211 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.512 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.512 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.210 - Poultry quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Poultry quarantine facilities. 93.210... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.210 Poultry quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of poultry subject to...

9 CFR 93.310 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.310 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.210 - Poultry quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Poultry quarantine facilities. 93.210... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.210 Poultry quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of poultry subject to...

9 CFR 93.411 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.411... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.411 Quarantine requirements. (a) Except... quarantine, to such inspections, disinfection, blood tests, or other tests as may be required by the...

9 CFR 93.210 - Poultry quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Poultry quarantine facilities. 93.210... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.210 Poultry quarantine facilities. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of poultry subject to...

9 CFR 93.310 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.310 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.211 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.211 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.512 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.512 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.211 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.211 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.211 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.211 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.411 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.411... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.411 Quarantine requirements. (a) Except... quarantine, to such inspections, disinfection, blood tests, or other tests as may be required by the...

9 CFR 93.512 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.512 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.310 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.310 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors are not permitted in the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.411 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.411... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.411 Quarantine requirements. (a) Except... quarantine, to such inspections, disinfection, blood tests, or other tests as may be required by the...

9 CFR 93.512 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.512 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

9 CFR 93.211 - Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine stations, visiting... POULTRY PRODUCTS; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.211 Quarantine stations, visiting restricted; sales prohibited. Visitors shall not be admitted to the quarantine enclosure...

Was mandatory quarantine necessary in China for controlling the 2009 H1N1 pandemic?

PubMed

Li, Xinhai; Geng, Wenjun; Tian, Huidong; Lai, Dejian

2013-09-30

The Chinese government enforced mandatory quarantine for 60 days (from 10 May to 8 July 2009) as a preventative strategy to control the spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Such a prevention strategy was stricter than other non-pharmaceutical interventions that were carried out in many other countries. We evaluated the effectiveness of the mandatory quarantine and provide suggestions for interventions against possible future influenza pandemics. We selected one city, Beijing, as the analysis target. We reviewed the epidemiologic dynamics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the implementation of quarantine measures in Beijing. The infectious population was simulated under two scenarios (quarantined and not quarantined) using a deterministic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model. The basic reproduction number R0 was adjusted to match the epidemic wave in Beijing. We found that mandatory quarantine served to postpone the spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Beijing by one and a half months. If mandatory quarantine was not enforced in Beijing, the infectious population could have reached 1,553 by 21 October, i.e., 5.6 times higher than the observed number. When the cost of quarantine is taken into account, mandatory quarantine was not an economically effective intervention approach against the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. We suggest adopting mitigation methods for an influenza pandemic with low mortality and morbidity.

Impact of quarantine on the 2003 SARS outbreak: a retrospective modeling study.

PubMed

Hsieh, Ying-Hen; King, Chwan-Chuan; Chen, Cathy W S; Ho, Mei-Shang; Hsu, Sze-Bi; Wu, Yi-Chun

2007-02-21

During the 2003 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) outbreak, traditional intervention measures such as quarantine and border control were found to be useful in containing the outbreak. We used laboratory verified SARS case data and the detailed quarantine data in Taiwan, where over 150,000 people were quarantined during the 2003 outbreak, to formulate a mathematical model which incorporates Level A quarantine (of potentially exposed contacts of suspected SARS patients) and Level B quarantine (of travelers arriving at borders from SARS affected areas) implemented in Taiwan during the outbreak. We obtain the average case fatality ratio and the daily quarantine rate for the Taiwan outbreak. Model simulations is utilized to show that Level A quarantine prevented approximately 461 additional SARS cases and 62 additional deaths, while the effect of Level B quarantine was comparatively minor, yielding only around 5% reduction of cases and deaths. The combined impact of the two levels of quarantine had reduced the case number and deaths by almost a half. The results demonstrate how modeling can be useful in qualitative evaluation of the impact of traditional intervention measures for newly emerging infectious diseases outbreak when there is inadequate information on the characteristics and clinical features of the new disease-measures which could become particularly important with the looming threat of global flu pandemic possibly caused by a novel mutating flu strain, including that of avian variety.

Was Mandatory Quarantine Necessary in China for Controlling the 2009 H1N1 Pandemic?

PubMed Central

Li, Xinhai; Geng, Wenjun; Tian, Huidong; Lai, Dejian

2013-01-01

The Chinese government enforced mandatory quarantine for 60 days (from 10 May to 8 July 2009) as a preventative strategy to control the spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. Such a prevention strategy was stricter than other non-pharmaceutical interventions that were carried out in many other countries. We evaluated the effectiveness of the mandatory quarantine and provide suggestions for interventions against possible future influenza pandemics. We selected one city, Beijing, as the analysis target. We reviewed the epidemiologic dynamics of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic and the implementation of quarantine measures in Beijing. The infectious population was simulated under two scenarios (quarantined and not quarantined) using a deterministic Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered (SEIR) model. The basic reproduction number R0 was adjusted to match the epidemic wave in Beijing. We found that mandatory quarantine served to postpone the spread of the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in Beijing by one and a half months. If mandatory quarantine was not enforced in Beijing, the infectious population could have reached 1,553 by 21 October, i.e., 5.6 times higher than the observed number. When the cost of quarantine is taken into account, mandatory quarantine was not an economically effective intervention approach against the 2009 H1N1 pandemic. We suggest adopting mitigation methods for an influenza pandemic with low mortality and morbidity. PMID:24084677

9 CFR 93.309 - Horse quarantine facilities; payment information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Horse quarantine facilities; payment...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.309 Horse quarantine facilities; payment information. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of...

9 CFR 93.309 - Horse quarantine facilities; payment information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Horse quarantine facilities; payment...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.309 Horse quarantine facilities; payment information. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of...

7 CFR 319.19 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.19 Section 319.19... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Citrus Canker and Other Citrus Diseases § 319.19 Notice of quarantine. (a) In order to prevent the introduction into the United States of the...

9 CFR 93.410 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.410 Section 93.410 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported ruminants shall be cleaned... transferred from the conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the...

7 CFR 319.19 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.19 Section 319.19... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Citrus Canker and Other Citrus Diseases § 319.19 Notice of quarantine. (a) In order to prevent the introduction into the United States of the...

9 CFR 93.309 - Horse quarantine facilities; payment information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Horse quarantine facilities; payment...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.309 Horse quarantine facilities; payment information. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of...

9 CFR 93.309 - Horse quarantine facilities; payment information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Horse quarantine facilities; payment...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.309 Horse quarantine facilities; payment information. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of...

9 CFR 93.510 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.510... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.510 Quarantine requirements. Swine shall be... quarantine, wild swine shall be subject to such inspections, disinfection, blood tests, or other tests as may...

7 CFR 319.19 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.19 Section 319.19... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Citrus Canker and Other Citrus Diseases § 319.19 Notice of quarantine. (a) In order to prevent the introduction into the United States of the...

9 CFR 93.309 - Horse quarantine facilities; payment information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Horse quarantine facilities; payment...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.309 Horse quarantine facilities; payment information. (a) Privately operated quarantine facilities. The importer, or his or her agent, of...

9 CFR 93.410 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.410 Section 93.410 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported ruminants shall be cleaned... transferred from the conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the...

9 CFR 93.510 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.510... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.510 Quarantine requirements. Swine shall be... quarantine, wild swine shall be subject to such inspections, disinfection, blood tests, or other tests as may...

9 CFR 93.410 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.410 Section 93.410 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported ruminants shall be cleaned... transferred from the conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the...

7 CFR 319.19 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.19 Section 319.19... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Citrus Canker and Other Citrus Diseases § 319.19 Notice of quarantine. (a) In order to prevent the introduction into the United States of the...

9 CFR 93.410 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.410 Section 93.410 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported ruminants shall be cleaned... transferred from the conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the...

7 CFR 301.86-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pale Cyst Nematode § 301.86-3 Quarantined... be infested with pale cyst nematode, each field that has been found to be associated with an infested... State as a quarantined area will prevent the interstate spread of the pale cyst nematode. (c) Criteria...

7 CFR 301.86-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pale Cyst Nematode § 301.86-3 Quarantined... be infested with pale cyst nematode, each field that has been found to be associated with an infested... State as a quarantined area will prevent the interstate spread of the pale cyst nematode. (c) Criteria...

7 CFR 301.86-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pale Cyst Nematode § 301.86-3 Quarantined... be infested with pale cyst nematode, each field that has been found to be associated with an infested... State as a quarantined area will prevent the interstate spread of the pale cyst nematode. (c) Criteria...

40 CFR 166.32 - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions. 166.32 Section 166.32 Protection of... AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public Health Exemptions § 166.32 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health...

40 CFR 166.32 - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions. 166.32 Section 166.32 Protection of... AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public Health Exemptions § 166.32 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health...

40 CFR 166.32 - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions. 166.32 Section 166.32 Protection of... AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public Health Exemptions § 166.32 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health...

9 CFR 93.312 - Manure from quarantined horses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Manure from quarantined horses. 93.312... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.312 Manure from quarantined horses. No manure shall be removed from the quarantine premises until the release of the horses producing same. ...

7 CFR 301.86-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantined areas. 301.86-3 Section 301.86-3... areas. (a) Designation of quarantined areas. In accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this section, the Administrator will designate as a quarantined area each field that has been found to...

7 CFR 301.86-3 - Quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantined areas. 301.86-3 Section 301.86-3... areas. (a) Designation of quarantined areas. In accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this section, the Administrator will designate as a quarantined area each field that has been found to...

9 CFR 93.514 - Manure from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Manure from quarantined swine. 93.514... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.514 Manure from quarantined swine. No manure shall be removed from the quarantine premises until the release of the swine producing same. ...

9 CFR 93.514 - Manure from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Manure from quarantined swine. 93.514... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.514 Manure from quarantined swine. No manure shall be removed from the quarantine premises until the release of the swine producing same. ...

9 CFR 93.514 - Manure from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Manure from quarantined swine. 93.514... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.514 Manure from quarantined swine. No manure shall be removed from the quarantine premises until the release of the swine producing same. ...

9 CFR 93.514 - Manure from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Manure from quarantined swine. 93.514... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.514 Manure from quarantined swine. No manure shall be removed from the quarantine premises until the release of the swine producing same. ...

9 CFR 93.514 - Manure from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Manure from quarantined swine. 93.514... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.514 Manure from quarantined swine. No manure shall be removed from the quarantine premises until the release of the swine producing same. ...

40 CFR 166.32 - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions. 166.32 Section 166.32 Protection of... AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public Health Exemptions § 166.32 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health...

40 CFR 166.32 - Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health exemptions. 166.32 Section 166.32 Protection of... AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public Health Exemptions § 166.32 Reporting and recordkeeping requirements for specific, quarantine, and public health...

Planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

Methods for presterilization cleaning or decontamination of spacecraft hardware to reduce microbial load, without harming materials or spacecraft components, are investigated. Three methods were considered: (1) chemicals in liquid form, relying on physical removal as well as bacterial or bacteriostatic action; (2) chemicals used in the gaseous phase, relying on bacterial activity; and (3) mechanical cleaning relying on physical removal of organisms. These methods were evaluated in terms of their effectiveness in microbial burden reduction and compatibility with spacecraft hardware. Results show chemical methods were effective against spore microorganisms but were harmful to spacecraft materials. Mechanical methods were also effective with the degree depending upon the type of instrument employed. Mechanical methods caused problems in handling the equipment, due to vacuum pressure damaging the very thin layered materials used for shielding, and the bristles used in the process caused streaks or abrasions on some spacecraft components.

Environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1972-01-01

The experimental design of a study to evaluate the effect of different cleaning methods and storage conditions on the dry heat resistance of Bacillus subtilis var. niger spores is described and the results for the first evaluation are reported. Specifically, the synergistic effect which occurs when spores are subjected simultaneously to dry heat and gamma radiation so as to be able to specify thermoradiation sterilization cycles was investigated. Attempts were made to understand the underlying mechanism(s) that lead to spore death from this combination of stresses. Data cover: (1) the survival of spores on surfaces at various temperatures in a precisely controlled environmental system, (2) the rate of destruction of these spores at ambient temperature when subjected to gamma radiation, and (3) the rate of destruction of spores when they are subjected to combined gamma radiation and thermal stresses.

Contemporary Planetary Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belton, Michael J. S.; Levy, Eugene H.

1982-01-01

Presents an overview of planetary science and the United States program for exploration of the planets, examining the program's scientific objectives, its current activities, and the diversity of its methods. Also discusses the program's lack of continuity, especially in personnel. (Author/JN)

40 CFR 166.25 - Agency review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... benefits to be derived from the proposed use; and (4) The potential risks to human health, endangered or... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public...

40 CFR 166.25 - Agency review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... benefits to be derived from the proposed use; and (4) The potential risks to human health, endangered or... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public...

40 CFR 166.25 - Agency review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... benefits to be derived from the proposed use; and (4) The potential risks to human health, endangered or... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public...

40 CFR 166.25 - Agency review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... benefits to be derived from the proposed use; and (4) The potential risks to human health, endangered or... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public...

40 CFR 166.25 - Agency review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... benefits to be derived from the proposed use; and (4) The potential risks to human health, endangered or... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER EMERGENCY CONDITIONS Specific, Quarantine, and Public...

A framework for optimizing phytosanitary thresholds in seed systems

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Seedborne pathogens and pests limit production in many agricultural systems. Quarantine programs help prevent the introduction of exotic pathogens into a country, but few regulations directly apply to reducing the reintroduction and spread of endemic pathogens. Use of phytosanitary thresholds helps ...

SARS Control and Psychological Effects of Quarantine, Toronto, Canada

PubMed Central

Hawryluck, Laura; Gold, Wayne L.; Robinson, Susan; Pogorski, Stephen; Galea, Sandro

2004-01-01

As a transmissible infectious disease, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was successfully contained globally by instituting widespread quarantine measures. Although these measures were successful in terminating the outbreak in all areas of the world, the adverse effects of quarantine have not previously been determined in a systematic manner. In this hypothesis-generating study supported by a convenience sample drawn in close temporal proximity to the period of quarantine, we examined the psychological effects of quarantine on persons in Toronto, Canada. The 129 quarantined persons who responded to a Web-based survey exhibited a high prevalence of psychological distress. Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and depression were observed in 28.9% and 31.2% of respondents, respectively. Longer durations of quarantine were associated with an increased prevalence of PTSD symptoms. Acquaintance with or direct exposure to someone with a diagnosis of SARS was also associated with PTSD and depressive symptoms. PMID:15324539

7 CFR 319.56-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.56-1 Section 319.56-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under section 412(a) of the Plant Protection Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may prohibit...

9 CFR 130.5 - User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. 130.5 Section 130.5 Animals and Animal... User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. (a... privately operated permanent or temporary import quarantine facility will be calculated at the hourly user...

9 CFR 93.509 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.509 Section 93.509 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported swine shall be cleaned and... conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the inspector in charge at the...

9 CFR 130.5 - User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. 130.5 Section 130.5 Animals and Animal... User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. (a... privately operated permanent or temporary import quarantine facility will be calculated at the hourly user...

9 CFR 93.509 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.509 Section 93.509 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported swine shall be cleaned and... conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the inspector in charge at the...

9 CFR 130.5 - User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. 130.5 Section 130.5 Animals and Animal... User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. (a... privately operated permanent or temporary import quarantine facility will be calculated at the hourly user...

7 CFR 318.13-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.13-1 Section 318.13-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories § 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under the authority of section 412...

7 CFR 318.13-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.13-1 Section 318.13-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories § 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under the authority of section 412...

7 CFR 318.13-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.13-1 Section 318.13-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories § 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under the authority of section 412...

9 CFR 93.509 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.509 Section 93.509 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported swine shall be cleaned and... conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the inspector in charge at the...

7 CFR 319.56-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.56-1 Section 319.56-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under section 412(a) of the Plant Protection Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may prohibit...

9 CFR 130.5 - User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. 130.5 Section 130.5 Animals and Animal... User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. (a... privately operated permanent or temporary import quarantine facility will be calculated at the hourly user...

9 CFR 93.509 - Movement from conveyances to quarantine station.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... quarantine station. 93.509 Section 93.509 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... conveyances to quarantine station. Platforms and chutes used for handling imported swine shall be cleaned and... conveyance to the quarantine grounds in boats, cars, or vehicles approved by the inspector in charge at the...

7 CFR 319.56-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.56-1 Section 319.56-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under section 412(a) of the Plant Protection Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may prohibit...

9 CFR 130.5 - User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. 130.5 Section 130.5 Animals and Animal... User fees for services at privately owned permanent and temporary import quarantine facilities. (a... privately operated permanent or temporary import quarantine facility will be calculated at the hourly user...

7 CFR 319.56-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.56-1 Section 319.56-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under section 412(a) of the Plant Protection Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may prohibit...

7 CFR 319.56-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 319.56-1 Section 319.56-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Fruits and Vegetables § 319.56-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under section 412(a) of the Plant Protection Act, the Secretary of Agriculture may prohibit...

7 CFR 318.13-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Notice of quarantine. 318.13-1 Section 318.13-1... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories § 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under the authority of section 412...

7 CFR 301.92-3 - Quarantined and regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantined and regulated areas. 301.92-3 Section 301.92-3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Phytophthora Ramorum § 301.92-3 Quarantined and regulated areas. (a)...

7 CFR 301.92-3 - Quarantined and regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantined and regulated areas. 301.92-3 Section 301.92-3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Phytophthora Ramorum § 301.92-3 Quarantined and regulated areas. (a)...

7 CFR 301.92-3 - Quarantined and regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantined and regulated areas. 301.92-3 Section 301.92-3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Phytophthora Ramorum § 301.92-3 Quarantined and regulated areas. (a)...

7 CFR 301.92-3 - Quarantined and regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantined and regulated areas. 301.92-3 Section 301.92-3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Phytophthora Ramorum § 301.92-3 Quarantined and regulated areas. (a)...

7 CFR 301.92-3 - Quarantined and regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantined and regulated areas. 301.92-3 Section 301.92-3 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Phytophthora Ramorum § 301.92-3 Quarantined and regulated areas. (a)...

9 CFR 93.414 - Milk from quarantined ruminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Milk from quarantined ruminants. 93...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.414 Milk from quarantined ruminants. Milk or cream from ruminants quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any...

9 CFR 93.414 - Milk from quarantined ruminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Milk from quarantined ruminants. 93...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.414 Milk from quarantined ruminants. Milk or cream from ruminants quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any...

9 CFR 93.414 - Milk from quarantined ruminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Milk from quarantined ruminants. 93...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.414 Milk from quarantined ruminants. Milk or cream from ruminants quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any...

7 CFR 301.86-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... experimental or scientific purposes; or (ii) The regulated article originates outside the quarantined area and... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.86-4 Section 301.86-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... regulated articles from quarantined areas. (a) Any regulated article may be moved interstate from a...

7 CFR 301.51-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.51-4 Section 301.51-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Asian Longhorned Beetle § 301.51-4 Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas. (a) Any regulated article may be moved interstate from...

7 CFR 301.51-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.51-4 Section 301.51-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Asian Longhorned Beetle § 301.51-4 Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas. (a) Any regulated article may be moved interstate from...

7 CFR 301.51-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... regulated articles from quarantined areas. 301.51-4 Section 301.51-4 Agriculture Regulations of the... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Asian Longhorned Beetle § 301.51-4 Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas. (a) Any regulated article may be moved interstate from...

9 CFR 93.513 - Milk from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Milk from quarantined swine. 93.513... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.513 Milk from quarantined swine. Milk or cream from swine quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any person other...

9 CFR 93.513 - Milk from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Milk from quarantined swine. 93.513... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.513 Milk from quarantined swine. Milk or cream from swine quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any person other...

9 CFR 93.513 - Milk from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Milk from quarantined swine. 93.513... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.513 Milk from quarantined swine. Milk or cream from swine quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any person other...

9 CFR 93.513 - Milk from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Milk from quarantined swine. 93.513... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.513 Milk from quarantined swine. Milk or cream from swine quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any person other...

9 CFR 93.513 - Milk from quarantined swine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Milk from quarantined swine. 93.513... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.513 Milk from quarantined swine. Milk or cream from swine quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any person other...

9 CFR 93.414 - Milk from quarantined ruminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Milk from quarantined ruminants. 93...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.414 Milk from quarantined ruminants. Milk or cream from ruminants quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any...

9 CFR 93.414 - Milk from quarantined ruminants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Milk from quarantined ruminants. 93...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Ruminants § 93.414 Milk from quarantined ruminants. Milk or cream from ruminants quarantined under the provisions of this part shall not be used by any...

The Worm Propagation Model with Dual Dynamic Quarantine Strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Yu; Xie, Xiao-Wu; Guo, Hao; Gao, Fu-Xiang; Yu, Ge

Internet worms are becoming more and more harmful with the rapid development of the Internet. Due to the extremely fast spread and great destructive power of network worms, strong dynamic quarantine strategies are necessary. Inspired by the real-world approach to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, this paper proposes a quarantine strategy based on dynamic worm propagation model: the SIQRV dual quarantine model. This strategy uses dynamic quarantine method to make the vulnerable host and infected host quarantined, and then release them after a certain period of time, regardless of whether quarantined host security is checked. Through mathematic modeling, it has been found that when the basic reproduction number R0 is less than a critical value, the system will stabilize in the disease-free equilibrium, that is, in theory, the infected hosts will be completely immune. Finally, by comparing the simulation results and numerical analysis, the basic agreement between the two curves supports the validity of the mathematical model. Our future work will be focusing on taking both the delay and double-quarantine strategy into account and further expanding the scale of our simulation work.

Fish quarantine: current practices in public zoos and aquaria.

PubMed

Hadfield, Catherine A; Clayton, Leigh A

2011-12-01

The primary goal of quarantine is to reduce the risk of introducing infectious diseases into established collections. Fish quarantine is inherently complex because of the variety of species, environmental requirements, and facilities. To examine current practices, questionnaires were submitted to 60 public zoos and aquaria, predominantly in North America. Questions reviewed system type (closed, flow-through), quarantine length, diagnostics, treatments, and cleaning and disinfection. Forty-two of the 60 institutions responded. Most institutions had separate quarantine protocols for freshwater teleosts, marine teleosts, and elasmobranchs. Ninety-five percent of institutions had a minimum quarantine period of 30 days or more. Sixty-four percent of institutions used isolated areas for some or all of their fish quarantine. Twenty-five percent had designated fish quarantine staff. All institutions used regular visual examinations to assess animal health. Fifty-four percent of the institutions carried out routine hands-on diagnostics on some fish; this was more common for elasmobranchs than teleosts. All institutions carried out necropsies on mortalities. Fifteen percent of institutions performed histopathology on almost all fresh mortalities; 54% percent performed histopathology on less than 10% of mortalities. Prophylactic treatments were common in closed systems, in particular, formalin immersion for teleosts, freshwater dips and copper sulfate immersion for marine teleosts, and praziquantel immersion for marine teleosts and elasmobranchs. Institutions using dips generally did so at the start or end of quarantine. Fenbendazole- and praziquantel-medicated foods were used commonly in teleosts, but dosages varied greatly. Cleaning and disinfection of systems and equipment increased in response to known pathogens. These results can be used to compare and discuss fish quarantine practices at display facilities in order to improve quarantine success.

Reports of planetary geology and geophysics program, 1989

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, Henry (Editor)

1990-01-01

Abstracts of reports from Principal Investigators of NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program are compiled. The research conducted under this program during 1989 is summarized. Each report includes significant accomplishments in the area of the author's funded grant or contract.

Initial Sample Analyses inside a Capsule: A Strategy of Life Detection and Planetary Protection for Ocean World Sample Return Missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yano, Hajime; Takano, Yoshinori; Sekine, Yasuhito; Takai, Ken; Funase, Ryu; Fujishima, Kosuke; Shibuya, Takazo

2016-07-01

Planetary protection is considered to be one of the most crucial challenges to enable sample return missions from "Ocean Worlds", internal oceans of icy satellites as potential deep habitat such as Enceladus and Europa, due to the risk of backward contamination of bringing back potential biology-related matters or at most, possible extraterrestrial living signatures to the Earth. Here we propose an innovative technological solution for both life detection and planetary protection of such returned samples, namely by conducting all major life signature searches, which are also a critical path of quarantine processes of planetary protection, inside the Earth return capsule, prior to open the canister and expose to the terrestrial environment. We plan to test the latest sample capture and recovery methods of preparing multiple aliquot chambers in the sample return capsule. Each aliquot chamber will trap, for instance, plume particles and ambient volatiles during the spacecraft flying through Enceladus plumes so that respective analyses can be performed focusing on volatiles and minerals (i.e., habitability for life), organics (i.e., ingredients for life), biosignatures (i.e., activity of life) and for archiving the samples for future investigations at the same time. In-situ analysis will be conducted under complete containment through an optical interface port that allows pre-installed fiber optic cables to perform non-contact measurements and capillary tubing for extraction/injection of gas and liquids through metal barriers to be punctuated inside a controlled environment. Once primary investigations are completed, the interior of the capsule will be sterilized by gamma rays and UV irradiation. Post-sterilized aliquot chambers will be further analyzed under enclosed and ultraclean environment at BAL 2-3 facilities, rather than BSL4. We consider that this is an unique solution that can cope with severe requirements set for the Category-V sample returns for astrobiology-driven missions.

7 CFR 301.55-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... from outside the quarantined area that are being moved in accordance with the protocols described in a... movement of regulated articles from quarantined areas. Any regulated article may be moved interstate from a quarantined area 3 only if moved under the following conditions: 3 Requirements under all other applicable...

9 CFR 73.1b - Quarantine policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine policy. 73.1b Section 73.1b... Quarantine policy. Under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.), the Secretary may... interstate movement of cattle from such areas. It is the policy of the Department to quarantine those...

9 CFR 73.1b - Quarantine policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine policy. 73.1b Section 73.1b... Quarantine policy. Under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.), the Secretary may... interstate movement of cattle from such areas. It is the policy of the Department to quarantine those...

Predicting Quarantine Failure Rates

PubMed Central

2004-01-01

Preemptive quarantine through contact-tracing effectively controls emerging infectious diseases. Occasionally this quarantine fails, however, and infected persons are released. The probability of quarantine failure is typically estimated from disease-specific data. Here a simple, exact estimate of the failure rate is derived that does not depend on disease-specific parameters. This estimate is universally applicable to all infectious diseases. PMID:15109418

9 CFR 73.1b - Quarantine policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine policy. 73.1b Section 73.1b... Quarantine policy. Under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.), the Secretary may... interstate movement of cattle from such areas. It is the policy of the Department to quarantine those...

9 CFR 73.1b - Quarantine policy.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine policy. 73.1b Section 73.1b... Quarantine policy. Under the Animal Health Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 8301 et seq.), the Secretary may... interstate movement of cattle from such areas. It is the policy of the Department to quarantine those...

7 CFR 301.75-8 - Interstate movement of regulated seed from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interstate movement of regulated seed from a... Citrus Canker Notice of Quarantine and Regulations § 301.75-8 Interstate movement of regulated seed from a quarantined area. Regulated seed may be moved interstate from a quarantined area into any area of...

7 CFR 301.75-8 - Interstate movement of regulated seed from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Interstate movement of regulated seed from a... Citrus Canker Notice of Quarantine and Regulations § 301.75-8 Interstate movement of regulated seed from a quarantined area. Regulated seed may be moved interstate from a quarantined area into any area of...

7 CFR 301.76-3 - Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus... Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid § 301.76-3 Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid... quarantined area for Asian citrus psyllid in accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this...

7 CFR 301.76-3 - Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus... Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid § 301.76-3 Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid... quarantined area for Asian citrus psyllid in accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this...

7 CFR 301.76-3 - Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus... Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid § 301.76-3 Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid... quarantined area for Asian citrus psyllid in accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this...

7 CFR 301.76-3 - Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus... Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid § 301.76-3 Quarantined areas; citrus greening and Asian citrus psyllid... quarantined area for Asian citrus psyllid in accordance with the criteria listed in paragraph (c) of this...

9 CFR 73.5 - Interstate shipment of undiseased cattle from quarantined area; when permitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... cattle from quarantined area; when permitted. 73.5 Section 73.5 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND... (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SCABIES IN CATTLE § 73.5 Interstate shipment of undiseased cattle from quarantined area; when permitted. Cattle of any herd in any quarantined area, which herd is not...

Department of Defense In-House RDT&E Activities

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-30

FOPCeS;C TO ,DEVELOP PRFVFNTIVE & THERAPEUTIC METHO"DS TO PROTECT PERSONNFL FROnM SUCH rnRCFS, .,,CURRENT IMPOPTANT PROGRAMS LONG-TERM EcEFCTS OF...Plant Quarantine & Pest 819 Sanitary Engineering Control 830 Mechanical Engineering 437 Horticulture 840 Nuclear Engineering 440 Genetics 850

Workshop on Advanced Technologies for Planetary Instruments, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Appleby, John F. (Editor)

1993-01-01

This meeting was conceived in response to new challenges facing NASA's robotic solar system exploration program. This volume contains papers presented at the Workshop on Advanced Technologies for Planetary Instruments on 28-30 Apr. 1993. This meeting was conceived in response to new challenges facing NASA's robotic solar system exploration program. Over the past several years, SDIO has sponsored a significant technology development program aimed, in part, at the production of instruments with these characteristics. This workshop provided an opportunity for specialists from the planetary science and DoD communities to establish contacts, to explore common technical ground in an open forum, and more specifically, to discuss the applicability of SDIO's technology base to planetary science instruments.

Combined Treatments Reduce Chilling Injury and Maintain Fruit Quality in Avocado Fruit during Cold Quarantine.

PubMed

Sivankalyani, Velu; Feygenberg, Oleg; Maorer, Dalia; Zaaroor, Merav; Fallik, Elazar; Alkan, Noam

2015-01-01

Quarantine treatment enables export of avocado fruit (Persea americana) to parts of the world that enforce quarantine against fruit fly. The recommended cold-based quarantine treatment (storage at 1.1°C for 14 days) was studied with two commercial avocado cultivars 'Hass' and 'Ettinger' for 2 years. Chilling injuries (CIs) are prevalent in the avocado fruit after cold-quarantine treatment. Hence, we examined the effect of integrating several treatments: modified atmosphere (MA; fruit covered with perforated polyethylene bags), methyl jasmonate (MJ; fruit dipped in 2.5 μM MJ for Hass or 10 μM MJ for Ettinger for 30 s), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; fruit treated with 300 ppb 1-MCP for 18 h) and low-temperature conditioning (LTC; a gradual decrease in temperature over 3 days) on CI reduction during cold quarantine. Avocado fruit stored at 1°C suffered from severe CI, lipid peroxidation, and increased expression of chilling-responsive genes of fruit peel. The combined therapeutic treatments alleviated CI in cold-quarantined fruit to the level in fruit stored at commercial temperature (5°C). A successful therapeutic treatment was developed to protect 'Hass' and 'Ettinger' avocado fruit during cold quarantine against fruit fly, while maintaining fruit quality. Subsequently, treated fruit stored at 1°C had a longer shelf life and less decay than the fruit stored at 5°C. This therapeutic treatment could potentially enable the export of avocado fruit to all quarantine-enforcing countries. Similar methods might be applicable to other types of fruit that require cold quarantine.

The borderline of 'empire': Japanese maritime quarantine in Busan c.1876-1910.

PubMed

Kim, Jeong-Ran

2013-04-01

This paper seeks to balance the regional and thematic focus of cholera historiography by examining maritime quarantine in Busan, as it was devised and implemented by Japanese officials and doctors during the pre-colonial period. It also places the relationship between Korea and Japan in the context of relations with China, Russia and Britain. This paper shows that quarantine measures in Busan and other Korean ports reflected the rise of Japanese imperial power and the increasing desire on the part of the Japanese to establish an effective borderline for their regional empire. From 1879 Japan began to impose maritime quarantine in Busan, where Japanese influence was very strong even before the colonial period, though at that time Japan was unable to perform quarantine in its own ports independently due to the objections of Western powers, particularly Britain. Victories in the Sino-Japanese and Russo-Japanese wars established Japan as a regional power on equal terms with the West, and as the dominant power in Korea and Eastern Asia. With the acquisition of the right to impose quarantine in its homeland, Japan strengthened and extended the range of quarantine from Japan to Korea, China and Russia. Now quarantine screened Japan from potentially harmful agents – pathogenic and political – and its functions diversified further as modernisation and imperial expansion gathered pace. The reliance which Japan placed upon quarantine in maintaining its empire explains why it was increasingly out of step with other powers regarding international sanitary precautions. The Japanese maritime quarantine in Busan during this period therefore shows many aspects of Japan’s ‘national empire’.

Combined Treatments Reduce Chilling Injury and Maintain Fruit Quality in Avocado Fruit during Cold Quarantine

PubMed Central

Maorer, Dalia; Zaaroor, Merav; Fallik, Elazar; Alkan, Noam

2015-01-01

Quarantine treatment enables export of avocado fruit (Persea americana) to parts of the world that enforce quarantine against fruit fly. The recommended cold-based quarantine treatment (storage at 1.1°C for 14 days) was studied with two commercial avocado cultivars ‘Hass’ and ‘Ettinger’ for 2 years. Chilling injuries (CIs) are prevalent in the avocado fruit after cold-quarantine treatment. Hence, we examined the effect of integrating several treatments: modified atmosphere (MA; fruit covered with perforated polyethylene bags), methyl jasmonate (MJ; fruit dipped in 2.5 μM MJ for Hass or 10 μM MJ for Ettinger for 30 s), 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP; fruit treated with 300 ppb 1-MCP for 18 h) and low-temperature conditioning (LTC; a gradual decrease in temperature over 3 days) on CI reduction during cold quarantine. Avocado fruit stored at 1°C suffered from severe CI, lipid peroxidation, and increased expression of chilling-responsive genes of fruit peel. The combined therapeutic treatments alleviated CI in cold-quarantined fruit to the level in fruit stored at commercial temperature (5°C). A successful therapeutic treatment was developed to protect ‘Hass’ and ‘Ettinger’ avocado fruit during cold quarantine against fruit fly, while maintaining fruit quality. Subsequently, treated fruit stored at 1°C had a longer shelf life and less decay than the fruit stored at 5°C. This therapeutic treatment could potentially enable the export of avocado fruit to all quarantine-enforcing countries. Similar methods might be applicable to other types of fruit that require cold quarantine. PMID:26501421

Shutt up: bubonic plague and quarantine in early modern England.

PubMed

Newman, Kira L S

2012-01-01

The outbreak of bubonic plague that struck London and Westminster in 1636 provoked the usual frenzied response to epidemics, including popular flight and government-mandated quarantine. The government asserted that plague control measures were acts of public health for the benefit of all. However, contrary to this government narrative of disease prevention there was a popular account that portrayed quarantine and isolation as personal punishment rather than prudent policy. In examining the 1636 outbreak on the parish as well as the individual level, reasons for this inconsistency between official and unofficial perspectives emerge. Quarantine and its effects were not classless, and its implementation was not always strictly in the name of public health. Government application of quarantine was remarkably effective, but it could never be uncontroversial both because of circumstances and because of misuse. The flight of the wealthiest from London and Westminster left only the more socially vulnerable to be quarantined. Though plague policy was financially sensitive to the poorest, it was costly to the middling sort. Another cause of controversy was the government's use of quarantine as a punishment to control individuals found breaking other laws. Though not widely publicized, popular narratives continually included grievances about the cruelty and inequity of quarantine and the militaristic nature of its implementation. Despite these objections, quarantine remained a staple of the government response to plague outbreaks throughout the seventeenth century.

A Support Group for Home-Quarantined College Students Exposed to SARS: Learning from Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pan, Peter J. D.; Chang, Shih-Hua; Yu, Yen-Yen

2005-01-01

This article is an initial description of a meaningful and valuable clinical experience in interacting with SARS home-quarantined college students in a support group in Taiwan. Information about SARS and home quarantine, the tasks of the Counseling Centers and group work after the SARS outbreak, the support group for home-quarantined members, the…

76 FR 1337 - Asian Longhorned Beetle; Additions to Quarantined Areas in Massachusetts and New York

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-10

... Worcester County, MA, to the list of quarantined areas in Sec. 301.51-3(c) and by updating the description.... APHIS-2009-0014] Asian Longhorned Beetle; Additions to Quarantined Areas in Massachusetts and New York... areas and updating the description of the quarantined area in the Borough of Staten Island in the City...

77 FR 58469 - Asian Longhorned Beetle; Quarantined Areas in Massachusetts, Ohio, and New York

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-21

... Worcester County, MA, and Clermont County, OH, to the list of quarantined areas in Sec. 301.51-3(c). In... Islip, Suffolk County, NY, from the list of quarantined areas in Sec. 301.51-3(c) based on our.... APHIS-2012-0003] Asian Longhorned Beetle; Quarantined Areas in Massachusetts, Ohio, and New York AGENCY...

Ethics and public health emergencies: restrictions on liberty.

PubMed

Wynia, Matthew K

2007-02-01

Responses to public health emergencies can entail difficult decisions about restricting individual liberties to prevent the spread of disease. The quintessential example is quarantine. While isolating sick patients tends not to provoke much concern, quarantine of healthy people who only might be infected often is controversial. In fact, as the experience with severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) shows, the vast majority of those placed under quarantine typically don't become ill. Efforts to enforce involuntary quarantine through military or police powers also can backfire, stoking both panic and disease spread. Yet quarantine is part of a limited arsenal of options when effective treatment or prophylaxis is not available, and some evidence suggests it can be effective, especially when it is voluntary, home-based and accompanied by extensive outreach, communication and education efforts. Even assuming that quarantine is medically effective, however, it still must be ethically justified because it creates harms for many of those affected. Moreover, ethical principles of reciprocity, transparency, non-discrimination and accountability should guide any implementation of quarantine.

Reports of planetary geology program, 1980. [Bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, H. E. (Compiler); Kosters, E. C. (Compiler)

1980-01-01

This is a compilation of abstracts of reports which summarize work conducted in the Planetary Geology Program. Each report reflects significant accomplishments within the area of the author's funded grant or contract.

7 CFR 301.52-10 - Nonliability of the Department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and... for any costs incident to inspections or compliance with the provisions of the quarantine and...

7 CFR 301.48-7 - Nonliability of the Department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and... for any costs incident to inspections or compliance with the provisions of the quarantine and...

7 CFR 301.52-10 - Nonliability of the Department.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and... for any costs incident to inspections or compliance with the provisions of the quarantine and...

Modelling the effects of treatment and quarantine on measles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beay, Lazarus Kalvein

2018-03-01

Treatment and quarantine are efforts to cure as well as to overcome the spread of diseases including measles. The spread of measles can be expressed by mathematical modelling in the form of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this study was conducted on the spread of measles by considering the effect of treatment and quarantine on the infected individuals. By using the basic reproduction number of the model, can be analyzed the effects of treatment and quarantine to reduce the spread of measles. Basic reproduction number of models is monotonically descreasing as treatment and quarantine increasing. Numerical simulations conducted on the analysis of the results. The results showed that treatment and quarantine was given to infected individuals who were infectious has a major influence to eliminate measles from the system.

NASA Planetary Science Summer School: Longitudinal Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giron, Jennie M.; Sohus, A.

2006-12-01

NASA’s Planetary Science Summer School is a program designed to prepare the next generation of scientists and engineers to participate in future missions of solar system exploration. The opportunity is advertised to science and engineering post-doctoral and graduate students with a strong interest in careers in planetary exploration. Preference is given to U.S. citizens. The “school” consists of a one-week intensive team exercise learning the process of developing a robotic mission concept into reality through concurrent engineering, working with JPL’s Advanced Project Design Team (Team X). This program benefits the students by providing them with skills, knowledge and the experience of collaborating with a concept mission design. A longitudinal study was conducted to assess the impact of the program on the past participants of the program. Data collected included their current contact information, if they are currently part of the planetary exploration community, if participation in the program contributed to any career choices, if the program benefited their career paths, etc. Approximately 37% of 250 past participants responded to the online survey. Of these, 83% indicated that they are actively involved in planetary exploration or aerospace in general; 78% said they had been able to apply what they learned in the program to their current job or professional career; 100% said they would recommend this program to a colleague.

Orbiting quarantine facility. The Antaeus report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devincenzi, D. L. (Editor); Bagby, J. R. (Editor)

1981-01-01

A mission plan for the Orbiting Quarantine Facility (OQF) is presented. Coverage includes system overview, quarantine and protocol, the laboratory, support systems, cost analysis and possible additional uses of the OQF.

Current knowledge and practices related to seed transmission of sugarcane pathogens and movement of seed

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sugarcane breeding programs benefit from sharing genetic resources. Traditionally, this has been accomplished by exchanging vegetative planting material of clones of interest. Diseases can spread during this process, and quarantines were established to enable continued sharing of germplasm while min...

7 CFR 319.8-25 - Costs and charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... duty and at the usual places of duty shall be furnished without cost to the importer. The Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs will not assume responsibility for any costs or charges, other than those...

TOPS: Toward Other Planetary Systems. A report by the solar system exploration division

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

This report describes a general plan and the pertinent technological requirements for TOPS (Toward Other Planetary Systems), a staged program to ascertain the prevalence and character of other planetary systems and to construct a definitive picture of the formation of stars and their planets. The first stages focus on discovering and studying a significant number of fully formed planetary systems, as well as expanding current studies of protoplanetary systems. As the TOPS Program evolves, emphasis will shift toward intensive study of the discovered systems and of individual planets. Early stages of the TOPS Program can be undertaken with ground-based observations and space missions comparable in scale to those now being performed. In the long term, however, TOPS will become an ambitious program that challenges our capabilities and provides impetus for major space initiatives and new technologies.

A bibliography of planetary geology principal investigators and their associates, 1982 - 1983

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plescia, J. B.

1984-01-01

This bibliography cites recent publications by principal investigators and their associates, supported through NASA's Office of Space Science and Applications, Earth and Planetary Exploration Division, Planetary Geology Program. It serves as a companion piece to NASA TM-85127, ""Reports of Planetary Programs, 1982". Entries are listed under the following subject areas: solar system, comets, asteroids, meteorites and small bodies; geologic mapping, geomorphology, and stratigraphy; structure, tectonics, and planetary and satellite evolutions; impact craters; volcanism; fluvial, mass wasting, glacial and preglacial studies; Eolian and Arid climate studies; regolith, volatiles, atmosphere, and climate, radar; remote sensing and photometric studies; and cartography, photogrammetry, geodesy, and altimetry. An author index is provided.

7 CFR 301.48-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-1... provisions of the quarantine and regulations in this subpart. Interstate. From any State into or through any...

2. VIEW NORTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE HEADHOUSE (BUILDING 30) ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. VIEW NORTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE HEADHOUSE (BUILDING 30) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

7 CFR 301.48-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-1... provisions of the quarantine and regulations in this subpart. Interstate. From any State into or through any...

7 CFR 301.48-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-1... provisions of the quarantine and regulations in this subpart. Interstate. From any State into or through any...

7 CFR 301.48-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Japanese Beetle Quarantine and Regulations § 301.48-1... provisions of the quarantine and regulations in this subpart. Interstate. From any State into or through any...

A bibliography of planetary geology principal investigators and their associates, 1976-1978

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

This bibliography cites publications submitted by 484 principal investigators and their associates who were supported through NASA's Office of Space Sciences Planetary Geology Program. Subject classifications include: solar system formation, comets, and asteroids; planetary satellites, planetary interiors, geological and geochemical constraints on planetary evolution; impact crater studies, volcanism, eolian studies, fluvian studies, Mars geological mapping; Mercury geological mapping; planetary cartography; and instrument development and techniques. An author/editor index is provided.

Renaissance model of an epidemic with quarantine.

PubMed

Dobay, Akos; Gall, Gabriella E C; Rankin, Daniel J; Bagheri, Homayoun C

2013-01-21

Quarantine is one possible solution to limit the propagation of an emerging infectious disease. Typically, infected individuals are removed from the population by avoiding physical contact with healthy individuals. A key factor for the success of a quarantine strategy is the carrying capacity of the facility. This is often a known parameter, while other parameters such as those defining the population structure are more difficult to assess. Here we develop a model where we explicitly introduce the carrying capacity of the quarantine facility into a susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) framework. We show how the model can address the propagation and control of contact and sexually transmitted infections. We illustrate this by a case study of the city of Zurich during the 16th century, when it had to face an epidemic of syphilis. After Swiss mercenaries came back from a war in Naples in 1495, the authorities of the city addressed subsequent epidemics by, among others, placing infected members of the population in quarantine. Our results suggest that a modestly sized quarantine facility can successfully prevent or reduce an epidemic. However, false detection can present a real impediment for this solution. Indiscriminate quarantine of individuals can lead to the overfilling of the facility, and prevent the intake of infected individuals. This results in the failure of the quarantine policy. Hence, improving the rate of true over false detection becomes the key factor for quarantine strategies. Moreover, in the case of sexually transmitted infections, asymmetries in the male to female ratio, and the force of infection pertaining to each sex and class of sexual encounter can alter the effectiveness of quarantine measures. For example, a heterosexually transmitted disease that mainly affects one sex is harder to control in a population with more individuals of the opposite sex. Hence an imbalance in the sex ratios as seen in situations such as mining colonies, or populations at war, can present impediments for the success of quarantine policies. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

1. VIEW NORTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE HEADHOUSES (BUILDINGS 27, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. VIEW NORTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE HEADHOUSES (BUILDINGS 27, 30) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

Research in planetary studies and operation of the Mauna Kea Observatory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cruikshank, Dale P.

1986-01-01

The research programs are highlighted in the following areas: major planets; planetary satellites and rings; asteroids; comets; dark organic matter; theoretical and analytical structures; extrasolar planetary; and telescopes.

Short- and Long-Term Propagation of Spacecraft Orbits

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, John C., Jr.; Sweetser, Theodore; Chung, Min-Kun; Yen, Chen-Wan L.; Roncoli, Ralph B.; Kwok, Johnny H.; Vincent, Mark A.

2008-01-01

The Planetary Observer Planning Software (POPS) comprises four computer programs for use in designing orbits of spacecraft about planets. These programs are the Planetary Observer High Precision Orbit Propagator (POHOP), the Planetary Observer Long-Term Orbit Predictor (POLOP), the Planetary Observer Post Processor (POPP), and the Planetary Observer Plotting (POPLOT) program. POHOP and POLOP integrate the equations of motion to propagate an initial set of classical orbit elements to a future epoch. POHOP models shortterm (one revolution) orbital motion; POLOP averages out the short-term behavior but requires far less processing time than do older programs that perform long-term orbit propagations. POPP postprocesses the spacecraft ephemeris created by POHOP or POLOP (or optionally can use a less accurate internal ephemeris) to search for trajectory-related geometric events including, for example, rising or setting of a spacecraft as observed from a ground site. For each such event, POPP puts out such user-specified data as the time, elevation, and azimuth. POPLOT is a graphics program that plots data generated by POPP. POPLOT can plot orbit ground tracks on a world map and can produce a variety of summaries and generic ordinate-vs.-abscissa plots of any POPP data.

Advances in planetary geology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woronow, A. (Editor)

1981-01-01

This second issue in a new series intended to serve the planetary geology community with a form for quick and thorough communications includes (1) a catalog of terrestrial craterform structures for northern Europe; (2) abstracts of results of the Planetary Geology Program, and (3) a list of the photographic holdings of regional planetary image facilities.

Minimization of bovine tuberculosis control costs in US dairy herds

PubMed Central

Smith, Rebecca L.; Tauer, Loren W.; Schukken, Ynte H.; Lu, Zhao; Grohn, Yrjo T.

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to minimize the cost of controlling an isolated bovine tuberculosis (bTB) outbreak in a US dairy herd, using a stochastic simulation model of bTB with economic and biological layers. A model optimizer produced a control program that required 2-month testing intervals (TI) with 2 negative whole-herd tests to leave quarantine. This control program minimized both farm and government costs. In all cases, test-and-removal costs were lower than depopulation costs, although the variability in costs increased for farms with high holding costs or small herd sizes. Increasing herd size significantly increased costs for both the farm and the government, while increasing indemnity payments significantly decreased farm costs and increasing testing costs significantly increased government costs. Based on the results of this model, we recommend 2-month testing intervals for herds after an outbreak of bovine tuberculosis, with 2 negative whole herd tests being sufficient to lift quarantine. A prolonged test and cull program may cause a state to lose its bTB-free status during the testing period. When the cost of losing the bTB-free status is greater than $1.4 million then depopulation of farms could be preferred over a test and cull program. PMID:23953679

Viking heat sterilization - Progress and problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daspit, L. P.; Cortright, E. M.; Stern, J. A.

1974-01-01

The Viking Mars landers to be launched in 1975 will carry experiments in biology, planetology, and atmospheric physics. A terminal dry-heat sterilization process using an inert gas was chosen to meet planetary quarantine requirements and preclude contamination of the biology experiment by terrestrial organisms. Deep sterilization is performed at the component level and terminal surface sterilization at the system level. Solutions to certain component problems relating to sterilization are discussed, involving the gyroscope, tape recorder, battery, electronic circuitry, and outgassing. Heat treatment placed special requirements on electronic packaging, including fastener preload monitoring and solder joints. Chemical and physical testing of nonmetallic materials was performed to establish data on their behavior in heat-treatment and vacuum environments. A Thermal Effects Test Model and a Proof Test Capsule were used. It is concluded that a space vehicle can be designed and fabricated to withstand heat sterilization requirements.

Earth rocks on Mars: Must planetary quarantine be rethought

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Melosh, H. J.

1988-01-01

Recent geochemical, isotopic, and rare gas studies suggest that eight SNC meteorites originated on the planet Mars. Since Martian rocks are found on Earth, consideration is being given to finding Earth rocks on Mars. Detailed consideration of the mechanism by which these meteorites were lofted into space strongly suggest that the process of stress-wave spallation near a large impact with, perhaps, an assist from vapor plume expansion, is the fundamental process by which lightly-shocked rock debris is ejected into interplanetary space. The theory of spall ejection was used to examine the mass and velocity of material ejected from the near vicinity of an impact. It seems likely that the half-dozen largest impact events on Earth would have ejected considerable masses of near surface rocks into interplanetary space. No computations were performed to indicate how long Earth ejecta would take to reach Mars.

Project environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1974-01-01

Microbiological analyses of soil particles allow for the following conclusions: (1) there is a considerable range in the values of aerobic, mesophilic microbial counts associated with different size soil fractions; (2) as soil particle size increases, there is an increase in the mean microbial concentration per particle; (3) plate counts of aerobic, mesophilic organisms in unheated soils yielded a mean concentration of about six organisms per particle for the smallest soil fraction; (4) aerobic, mesophilic counts for sonicated particles heated at 80 C for 20 minutes yielded mean values of about two organisms per particle for the smallest particles; (5) some actinomycetes associated with the soil fractions could survive dry heat treatment at 110 C for one hour; and (6) soil particles stored under ambient laboratory conditions for 2.5 years aerobic, mesophilic plate counts which were comparable or slightly greater than the counts for more recently collected soil.

Project environmental microbiology as related to planetary quarantine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pflug, I. J.

1973-01-01

The viability and dry heat resistance of indigenous microflora associated with small soil particles were investigated. An aluminum boat TDT CUP-TSA solid media system was developed for the analyses; a complete description of the technique is included. Data cited here were obtained using analyses of individual soil particles. Detailed particle viability profiles for dry heat effects were determined for Kennedy Space Center soil. At 110 C at least some particles retained viability through a heating period of between 8 and 16 hours. Single particles heated at 125 C for 80 minutes or longer did not show evidence of viability under test conditions. Preliminary aerobic, mesophilic plate counts of the 74-88 micron m soil fraction yielded mean values of 16.2 organisms per dark particle and 2.6 organisms per light particle. Heat treatment of particles in a dry atmosphere did not appear to increase the rate of inactivation for in situ soil particle microflora.

4. VIEW SOUTH/SOUTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSE #1 (BUILDING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. VIEW SOUTH/SOUTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSE #1 (BUILDING 28) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

6. VIEW SOUTH/SOUTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSE #3 (BUILDING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. VIEW SOUTH/SOUTHEAST, NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSE #3 (BUILDING 31) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

7. DETAIL, VENTILATION SYSTEM; EAST FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSE #3 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. DETAIL, VENTILATION SYSTEM; EAST FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSE #3 (BUILDING 31) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

The influence of quarantine on reproductive cycling in wild-caught Baboons (Papio anubis).

PubMed

Liechty, Emma R; Wang, Diane Y; Chen, Emily; Chai, Daniel; Bell, Jason D; Bergin, Ingrid L

2015-12-01

Stress impacts nonhuman primate menstrual cycle length but the impact of quarantine is unknown. A retrospective analysis was performed on cycle data from 31 wild-caught baboons during and following quarantine. Cycling initiated in 94 days (19-181) and length normalized within 4-6 cycles. Quarantine significantly impacts menstrual cycle length. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Confidence limits and sample size for determining nonhost status of fruits and vegetables to tephritid fruit flies as a quarantine measure.

PubMed

Follett, Peter A; Hennessey, Michael K

2007-04-01

Quarantine measures including treatments are applied to exported fruit and vegetable commodities to control regulatory fruit fly pests and to reduce the likelihood of their introduction into new areas. Nonhost status can be an effective measure used to achieve quarantine security. As with quarantine treatments, nonhost status can stand alone as a measure if there is high efficacy and statistical confidence. The numbers of insects or fruit tested during investigation of nonhost status will determine the level of statistical confidence. If the level of confidence of nonhost status is not high, then additional measures may be required to achieve quarantine security as part of a systems approach. Certain countries require that either 99.99 or 99.9968% mortality, as a measure of efficacy, at the 95% confidence level, be achieved by a quarantine treatment to meet quarantine security. This article outlines how the level of confidence in nonhost status can be quantified so that its equivalency to traditional quarantine treatments may be demonstrated. Incorporating sample size and confidence levels into host status testing protocols along with efficacy will lead to greater consistency by regulatory decision-makers in interpreting results and, therefore, to more technically sound decisions on host status.

19 CFR 12.11 - Requirements for entry and release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... labels or Customs seals to the representative of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant... inspector of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. (b... inspection or other treatment by a representative of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant...

75 FR 81942 - Importation of Clementines From Spain; Amendment to Inspection Provisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-29

... copy of your comment to Docket No. APHIS-2010-0036, Regulatory Analysis and Development, PPD, APHIS..., Assistant Director of Preclearance Programs, Quarantine Policy, Analysis, and Support, PPQ, APHIS, 4700... have increased, and lower the number if environmental, climatic, or other factors indicate a lower risk...

78 FR 70257 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-25

... introduction of a pest. The International Plant Protection Convention (IPPC) defines ``official control'' as... management of regulated non-quarantine pests. Need and Use of the Information: To obtain a program's...' management of pests in the plants for planting where the pest is maintained below a level that can affect...

40 CFR 166.20 - Application for a specific, quarantine, or public health exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... application shall address the potential risks to human health, endangered or threatened species, beneficial..., or public health exemption. 166.20 Section 166.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER...

40 CFR 166.20 - Application for a specific, quarantine, or public health exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... application shall address the potential risks to human health, endangered or threatened species, beneficial..., or public health exemption. 166.20 Section 166.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER...

40 CFR 166.20 - Application for a specific, quarantine, or public health exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... application shall address the potential risks to human health, endangered or threatened species, beneficial..., or public health exemption. 166.20 Section 166.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER...

40 CFR 166.20 - Application for a specific, quarantine, or public health exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... application shall address the potential risks to human health, endangered or threatened species, beneficial..., or public health exemption. 166.20 Section 166.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER...

40 CFR 166.20 - Application for a specific, quarantine, or public health exemption.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... application shall address the potential risks to human health, endangered or threatened species, beneficial..., or public health exemption. 166.20 Section 166.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS EXEMPTION OF FEDERAL AND STATE AGENCIES FOR USE OF PESTICIDES UNDER...

Eavesdropping on coconut rhinoceros beetles, red palm weevils, Asian longhorned beetles, and other invasive travelers

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

As global trade increases, invasive insects inflict increasing economic damage to agriculture and urban landscapes in the United States yearly, despite a sophisticated array of interception methods and quarantine programs designed to exclude their entry. Insects that are hidden inside soil, wood, or...

9 CFR 72.6 - Interstate movement of cattle from quarantined areas not eradicating ticks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND... of such areas may be obtained from the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Veterinary Services, National Animal Health Programs, 4700 River Road Unit 43, Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1231. [66 FR...

19 CFR 12.31 - Plant pests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Plant pests. 12.31 Section 12.31 Customs Duties U... SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Wild Animals, Birds, and Insects § 12.31 Plant pests. The importation in a... Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs of that...

19 CFR 12.31 - Plant pests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Plant pests. 12.31 Section 12.31 Customs Duties U... SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Wild Animals, Birds, and Insects § 12.31 Plant pests. The importation in a... Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs of that...

19 CFR 12.31 - Plant pests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Plant pests. 12.31 Section 12.31 Customs Duties U... SPECIAL CLASSES OF MERCHANDISE Wild Animals, Birds, and Insects § 12.31 Plant pests. The importation in a... Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs of that...

7 CFR 319.8-4 - Notice of arrival.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... for the Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs, a notice of such arrival, on a form provided for... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Notice of arrival. 319.8-4 Section 319.8-4 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE...

19 CFR 12.11 - Requirements for entry and release.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... inspector of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Programs. (b... inspection or other treatment by a representative of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant... labels or Customs seals to the representative of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant...

3. VIEW EAST, NORTH AND WEST FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSES ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. VIEW EAST, NORTH AND WEST FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSES (BUILDINGS 26, 28, 29, 31) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

Potential of DNA barcoding for detecting quarantine fungi.

PubMed

Gao, Ruifang; Zhang, Guiming

2013-11-01

The detection of live quarantine pathogenic fungi plays an important role in guaranteeing regional biological safety. DNA barcoding, an emerging species identification technology, holds promise for the reliable, quick, and accurate detection of quarantine fungi. International standards for phytosanitary guidelines are urgently needed. The varieties of quarantine fungi listed for seven countries/regions, the currently applied detection methods, and the status of DNA barcoding for detecting quarantine fungi are summarized in this study. Two approaches have been proposed to apply DNA barcoding to fungal quarantine procedures: (i) to verify the reliability of known internal transcribed spacer (ITS)/cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) data for use as barcodes, and (ii) to determine other barcodes for species that cannot be identified by ITS/COI. As a unique, standardizable, and universal species identification tool, DNA barcoding offers great potential for integrating detection methods used in various countries/regions and establishing international detection standards based on accepted DNA barcodes. Through international collaboration, interstate disputes can be eased and many problems related to routine quarantine detection methods can be solved for global trade.

Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1990

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Abstracts of reports from NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program are presented. Research is documented in summary form of the work conducted. Each report reflects significant accomplishments within the area of the author's funded grant or contract.

5. VIEW SOUTH/SOUTHEAST. NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSES #2 AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. VIEW SOUTH/SOUTHEAST. NORTH FRONT OF QUARANTINE GREENHOUSES #2 AND #3 (BUILDINGS 29, 31) - U.S. Plant Introduction Station, Quarantine Headhouses & Greenhouses, 11601 Old Pond Road, Glenn Dale, Prince George's County, MD

Transnational quarantine rhetorics: public mobilization in SARS and in H1N1 flu.

PubMed

Ding, Huiling

2014-06-01

This essay examines how Chinese governments, local communities, and overseas Chinese in North America responded to the perceived health risks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) and H1N1 flu through the use of public and participatory rhetoric about risk and quarantines. Focusing on modes of security and quarantine practices, I examine how globalization and the social crises surrounding SARS and H1N1 flu operated to regulate differently certain bodies and areas. I identify three types of quarantines (mandatory, voluntary, and coerced) and conduct a transnational comparative analysis to investigate the relationships among quarantines, rhetoric, and public communication. I argue that health authorities must openly acknowledge the legitimacy of public input and actively seek public support regarding health crises. Only by collaborating with concerned communities and citizens and by providing careful guidance for public participation can health institutions ensure the efficacy of quarantine orders during emerging epidemics.

Fire Ant Decapitating Fly Cooperative Release Programs (1994–2008): Two Pseudacteon Species, P. tricuspis and P. curvatus, Rapidly Expand Across Imported Fire Ant Populations in the Southeastern United States

PubMed Central

Callcott, Anne-Marie A.; Porter, Sanford D.; Weeks, Ronald D.; “Fudd” Graham, L. C.; Johnson, Seth J.; Gilbert, Lawrence E.

2011-01-01

Natural enemies of the imported fire ants, Solenopsis invicta Buren S. richteri Forel (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), and their hybrid, include a suite of more than 20 fire ant decapitating phorid flies from South America in the genus Pseudacteon. Over the past 12 years, many researchers and associates have cooperated in introducing several species as classical or self-sustaining biological control agents in the United States. As a result, two species of flies, Pseudacteon tricuspis Borgmeier and P. curvatus Borgmeier (Diptera: Phoridae), are well established across large areas of the southeastern United States. Whereas many researchers have published local and state information about the establishment and spread of these flies, here distribution data from both published and unpublished sources has been compiled for the entire United States with the goal of presenting confirmed and probable distributions as of the fall of 2008. Documented rates of expansion were also used to predict the distribution of these flies three years later in the fall of 2011. In the fall of 2008, eleven years after the first successful release, we estimate that P. tricuspis covered about 50% of the fire ant quarantined area and that it will occur in almost 65% of the quarantine area by 2011. Complete coverage of the fire ant quarantined area will be delayed or limited by this species' slow rate of spread and frequent failure to establish in more northerly portions of the fire ant range and also, perhaps, by its preference for red imported fire ants (S. invicta). Eight years after the first successful release of P. curvatus, two biotypes of this species (one biotype occurring predominantly in the black and hybrid imported fire ants and the other occurring in red imported fire ants) covered almost 60% of the fire ant quarantined area. We estimate these two biotypes will cover almost 90% of the quarantine area by 2011 and 100% by 2012 or 2013. Strategic selection of several distributional gaps for future releases will accelerate complete coverage of quarantine areas. However, some gaps may be best used for the release of additional species of decapitating flies because establishment rates may be higher in areas without competing species. PMID:21526930

Reports of planetary geology program, 1983

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, H. E. (Compiler)

1984-01-01

Several areas of the Planetary Geology Program were addressed including outer solar system satellites, asteroids, comets, Venus, cratering processes and landform development, volcanic processes, aeolian processes, fluvial processes, periglacial and permafrost processes, geomorphology, remote sensing, tectonics and stratigraphy, and mapping.

Reports of planetary geology and geophysics program, 1988

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, Henry E. (Editor)

1989-01-01

This is a compilation of abstracts of reports from Principal Investigators of NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, Office of Space Science and Applications. The purpose is to document in summary form research work conducted in this program during 1988. Each report reflects significant accomplishments within the area of the author's funded grant or contract.

Directory of research projects, 1991. Planetary geology and geophysics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maxwell, Ted A. (Editor)

1991-01-01

Information is provided about currently funded scientific research within the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program. The directory consists of the proposal summary sheet from each proposal funded by the program during fiscal year 1991. Information is provided on the research topic, principal investigator, institution, summary of research objectives, past accomplishments, and proposed investigators.

Reports of Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, 1986

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

Abstracts compiled from reports from Principal Investigators of the NASA Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, Office of Space Science and Applications are presented. The purpose is to document in summary form work conducted in this program during 1986. Each report reflects significant accomplishments within the area of the author's funded grant or contract.

Directory of research projects: Planetary geology and geophysics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, Henry (Editor)

1990-01-01

Information about currently funded scientific research within the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program is provided, including the proposal summary sheet from each proposal funded under the program during fiscal year 1990. Information about the research project, including title, principal investigator, institution, summary of research objectives, past accomplishments, and proposed new investigations is also provided.

Reports of planetary geology and geophysics program, 1987

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

This is a compilation of abstracts of reports from Principal Investigators of NASA's PLanetary Geology and Geophysics program, Office of Space Science and Applications. The purpose is to document in summary form research work conducted in this program during 1987. Each report reflects significant accomplishments in the area of the author's funded grant or contract.

7 CFR 301.38 - Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... QUARANTINE NOTICES Black Stem Rust § 301.38 Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of... prevent the spread of black stem rust. No person shall move interstate any regulated article except in...

7 CFR 301.38 - Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... QUARANTINE NOTICES Black Stem Rust § 301.38 Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of... prevent the spread of black stem rust. No person shall move interstate any regulated article except in...

7 CFR 301.38 - Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... QUARANTINE NOTICES Black Stem Rust § 301.38 Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of... prevent the spread of black stem rust. No person shall move interstate any regulated article except in...

7 CFR 301.38 - Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... QUARANTINE NOTICES Black Stem Rust § 301.38 Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of... prevent the spread of black stem rust. No person shall move interstate any regulated article except in...

7 CFR 301.38 - Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... QUARANTINE NOTICES Black Stem Rust § 301.38 Notice of quarantine; restrictions on interstate movement of... prevent the spread of black stem rust. No person shall move interstate any regulated article except in...

The Value of Participating Scientists on NASA Planetary Missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prockter, Louise; Aye, Klaus-Michael; Baines, Kevin; Bland, Michael T.; Blewett, David T.; Brandt, Pontus; Diniega, Serina; Feaga, Lori M.; Johnson, Jeffrey R.; Y McSween, Harry; Neal, Clive; Paty, Carol S.; Rathbun, Julie A.; Schmidt, Britney E.

2016-10-01

NASA has a long history of supporting Participating Scientists on its planetary missions. On behalf of the NASA Planetary Assessment/Analysis Groups (OPAG, MEPAG, VEXAG, SBAG, LEAG and CAPTEM), we are conducting a study about the value of Participating Scientist programs on NASA planetary missions, and how the usefulness of such programs might be maximized.Inputs were gathered via a community survey, which asked for opinions about the value generated by the Participating Scientist programs (we included Guest Investigators and Interdisciplinary Scientists as part of this designation), and for the experiences of those who've held such positions. Perceptions about Participating Scientist programs were sought from the entire community, regardless of whether someone had served as a Participating Scientist or not. This survey was distributed via the Planetary Exploration Newsletter, the Planetary News Digest, the DPS weekly mailing, and the mailing lists for each of the Assessment/Analysis Groups. At the time of abstract submission, over 185 community members have responded, giving input on more than 20 missions flown over three decades. Early results indicate that the majority of respondents feel that Participating Scientist programs represent significant added value for NASA planetary missions, increasing the science return and enhancing mission team diversity in a number of ways. A second survey was prepared for input from mission leaders such as Principal Investigators and Project Scientists.Full results of this survey will be presented, along with recommendations for how NASA may wish to enhance Participating Scientist opportunities into its future missions. The output of the study will be a white paper, which will be delivered to NASA and made available to the science community and other interested groups.

Putting the Law Into Practice: A Comparison of Isolation and Quarantine As Tools to Control Tuberculosis and Ebola.

PubMed

Hershey, Tina Batra; Pryde, Julie A; Mwaungulu, Geoffrey S; Phifer, Victoria I; Roszak, Andrew R

The recent Ebola epidemic has put the words "isolation and quarantine" in the spotlight. Isolation and quarantine are tools that are often utilized by public health officials around the United States to address various types of infectious disease, including tuberculosis. While voluntary compliance is preferred, it can be difficult to achieve. In cases where an individual chooses not to voluntarily comply with an isolation or quarantine request, public health officials require assistance from the judiciary and law enforcement to effectuate the order. This article compares 2 recent court cases with different outcomes where public health officials sought assistance from the courts to enforce an isolation or quarantine order.

Radial Velocity Detection of Extra-Solar Planetary Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cochran, William D.

2004-01-01

This NASA Origins Program grant supported four closely related research programs at The University of Texas at Austin: 1) The McDonald Observatory Planetary Search (MOPS) Program, using the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Harlan Smith telescope and its 2dcoude spectrometer, 2) A high-precision radial-velocity survey of Hyades dwarfs, using the Keck telescope and its HIRES spectrograph, 3) A program at McDonald Observatory to obtain spectra of the parent stars of planetary systems at R = 210,000, and 4) the start of high precision radial velocity surveys using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The most important results from NASA support of these research programs are described. A list of all papers published under support of this grant is included at the end.

Results of studies on long-term exposition of dormant forms of various organisms in outer space environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novikova, Nataliya; Gusev, Oleg; Sugimoto, Manabu; Deshevaya, Elena; Levinskikh, Margarita; Sychev, Vladimir; Okuda, Takashi; Orlov, Oleg; Alekseev, Victor; Poddubko, Svetlana; Polikarpov, Nikolay

The planetary quarantine is one of the key problems of deep space exploration. Risks of the possible transfer of biological objects across interplanetary space should be necessarily assessed during space exploration. The risks associated with a possible transfer of biological objects and primarily microorganisms in interplanetary space is a priority for space studies We can assume, that on the exterior side of both unmanned and manned space stations there can be millions of microbial cells, many of which are in spore forms, the stability of which towards the unfavorable factors is extremely high. However, direct evidence to support this assumption, obtained only in recent years. “Biorisk” is an apparatus designed for conduction of space experiments focused on long-term exposition of latent stages of different forms of organism on the outer side of Russian Segment of International Space Station was developed and used in SSC RF - Institute for Biomedical Problems RAS. The purpose of this experiment is to determine the principle capability of preservation of life capacity in test-cultures of microorganisms during long-term exposure (comparable with the term of interplanetary flight) in space. The first experiment was performed using spores of bacteria (Bacillus) and fungi (Penicillium, Aspergillus and Cladosporium) housed in 3 boxes that were exposed to outer space for 7, 12 or 18 months. It was for the first time demonstrated that bacterial and fungal spores could survive an exposure to outer space during the time period comparable with the duration of a return mission to Mars. Moreover, the microbial strains proved viable and highly active. The second experiment was expanded by flying, in addition to the above spores, dormant forms of higher plants, insects, lower crustaceans and vertebrates. The 31-month experiment showed that, in spite of harsher than in the first study temperatures, some specimens remained viable and capable of further multiplication. In summary, our experiments provided evidence that not only bacterial and fungal spores but also dormant forms of organisms that reached higher levels of evolutionary development had the capability to survive a long-term exposure to outer space. This observation suggests that they can be transferred on outer walls of space platforms during interplanetary missions. Our findings are of scientific interest as well as of importance for the development of planetary quarantine concepts related to future space flight.

Lessons learned from the anti-SARS quarantine experience in a hospital-based fever screening station in Taiwan.

PubMed

Lin, Esther Ching Lan; Peng, Yih Chi; Tsai, Jeffrey Che Hung

2010-05-01

Severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) was the first major novel infectious disease to hit the international community in the 21st century. While SARS was sweeping over almost 30 countries, most hospitals in Taiwan instituted mandatory quarantine measures, one of the most effective public health strategies for preventing disease transmission. We explored the anti-SARS quarantine experience of patients in a hospital-based fever screening station. We conducted a phenomenologic, qualitative study using semistructured telephone interviews during the SARS outbreak in Taiwan. Seventeen patients with fever who were quarantined in the fever screening station of a hospital emergency department for at least 2 hours were recruited into this study. Data analysis using Collaizi's 9 steps revealed 2 categories--external burden and internal struggle--and 6 themes regarding patients' quarantine experience. External burden included 3 themes: (1) bearing the uncomfortable surroundings, (2) facing discrimination, and (3) lacking in-person family support. Internal struggle consisted of 3 themes: (1) struggle with being quarantined, (2) struggle with emotional turmoil, and (3) struggle with possible SARS diagnosis. These results will contribute to sensitizing health care professionals to empathize with quarantined persons while providing quality quarantine care and other infection control measures. Copyright (c) 2010 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Large-scale quarantine following biological terrorism in the United States: scientific examination, logistic and legal limits, and possible consequences.

PubMed

Barbera, J; Macintyre, A; Gostin, L; Inglesby, T; O'Toole, T; DeAtley, C; Tonat, K; Layton, M

2001-12-05

Concern for potential bioterrorist attacks causing mass casualties has increased recently. Particular attention has been paid to scenarios in which a biological agent capable of person-to-person transmission, such as smallpox, is intentionally released among civilians. Multiple public health interventions are possible to effect disease containment in this context. One disease control measure that has been regularly proposed in various settings is the imposition of large-scale or geographic quarantine on the potentially exposed population. Although large-scale quarantine has not been implemented in recent US history, it has been used on a small scale in biological hoaxes, and it has been invoked in federally sponsored bioterrorism exercises. This article reviews the scientific principles that are relevant to the likely effectiveness of quarantine, the logistic barriers to its implementation, legal issues that a large-scale quarantine raises, and possible adverse consequences that might result from quarantine action. Imposition of large-scale quarantine-compulsory sequestration of groups of possibly exposed persons or human confinement within certain geographic areas to prevent spread of contagious disease-should not be considered a primary public health strategy in most imaginable circumstances. In the majority of contexts, other less extreme public health actions are likely to be more effective and create fewer unintended adverse consequences than quarantine. Actions and areas for future research, policy development, and response planning efforts are provided.

Publications of the exobiology program for 1984: A special bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallace, J. S. (Compiler); Devincenzi, D. L. (Compiler)

1986-01-01

A bibliography of NASA exobiology programs is given. Planetary environments; chemical evolution; organic geochemistry; extraterrestrial intelligence; and the effect of planetary solar and astrophysical phenomena on the evolution of complex life in the universe are among the topics listed.

Significant achievements in the planetary geology program, 1980

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, H. E. (Editor)

1980-01-01

Recent developments in planetology research as reported at the 1980 NASA Planetology Program Principal Investigators meeting are summarized. Important developments are summarized in topics ranging from solar system evolution and comparative planetology to geologic processes active on other planetary bodies.

The NASA planetary biology internship experience

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hinkle, G.; Margulis, L.

1991-01-01

By providing students from around the world with the opportunity to work with established scientists in the fields of biogeochemistry, remote sensing, and origins of life, among others, the NASA Planetary Biology Internship (PBI) Program has successfully launched many scientific careers. Each year approximately ten interns participate in research related to planetary biology at NASA Centers, NASA-sponsored research in university laboratories, and private institutions. The PBI program also sponsors three students every year in both the Microbiology and Marine Ecology summer courses at the Marine Biological Laboratory. Other information about the PBI Program is presented including application procedure.

7 CFR 319.55 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Quarantine § 319.55 Notice of...) that injurious fungous diseases of rice, including downy, mildew (Sclerospora macrospora), leaf smut... through importations of seed or paddy rice, rice straw, and rice hulls, and (2) that the unrestricted...

7 CFR 319.55 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Quarantine § 319.55 Notice of...) that injurious fungous diseases of rice, including downy, mildew (Sclerospora macrospora), leaf smut... through importations of seed or paddy rice, rice straw, and rice hulls, and (2) that the unrestricted...

The Positive Purpose of Remediation: Getting to the Core of Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Mike

2009-01-01

Remedial courses and programs are typically treated in isolation from the core mission of the college or university, an institutional quarantine. The author sees the remedial function as interconnected with foundational concerns: what does it mean to enter higher education in America? What truly is the relationship between the research and…

Stream Monitoring for Detection of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon Tanoak Forests

Treesearch

W. Sutton; E. M. Hansen; P. W. Reeser; A. Kanaskie

2009-01-01

Stream monitoring using leaf baits for early detection of Phytophthora ramorum has been an important part of the Oregon Sudden Oak Death (SOD) program since 2002. Sixty-four streams in and near the Oregon quarantine area in the southwest corner of the state were monitored in 2008. Leaves of rhododendron (Rhododendron macrophyllum...

Directory of research projects: Planetary geology and geophysics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holt, Henry (Editor)

1992-01-01

Information about currently funded scientific research within the Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program is provided. The directory consists of the proposal summary sheet from each proposal funded under the program during Fiscal Year 1992. The sheets provide information about the research project, including title, principal investigator, institution, summary of research objectives, past accomplishments, and proposed new investigations.

Publications of the Exobiology Program for 1980: A special bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pleasant, L. G.; Devincenzi, D. L.

1981-01-01

a list of approximately 160 publications resulting from research pursued under the auspices of NASA'S exobiology Program is given. The publications address chemical evolution, organic geochemistry, origin and evolution of life, planetary environments, life in the universe, and planetary protection.

7 CFR 301.52-4 - Issuance and cancellation of certificates and permits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Pink Bollworm Quarantine and Regulations § 301.52-4 Issuance and cancellation of certificates and permits. (a... for certification for movement to any destination under all Federal domestic plant quarantines...

7 CFR 301.91-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service for Plant Protection and Quarantine, or any officer or... employee of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of... agreement between Plant Protection and Quarantine and a person engaged in the business of growing, handling...

7 CFR 301.87-1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... employee of Plant Protection and Quarantine, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, U.S. Department of.... Plant Protection and Quarantine. The organizational unit within the Animal and Plant Health Inspection... agreement between Plant Protection and Quarantine and a person engaged in the business of growing, handling...

Mathematical Analysis of an SIQR Influenza Model with Imperfect Quarantine.

PubMed

Erdem, Mustafa; Safan, Muntaser; Castillo-Chavez, Carlos

2017-07-01

The identification of mechanisms responsible for recurrent epidemic outbreaks, such as age structure, cross-immunity and variable delays in the infective classes, has challenged and fascinated epidemiologists and mathematicians alike. This paper addresses, motivated by mathematical work on influenza models, the impact of imperfect quarantine on the dynamics of SIR-type models. A susceptible-infectious-quarantine-recovered (SIQR) model is formulated with quarantined individuals altering the transmission dynamics process through their possibly reduced ability to generate secondary cases of infection. Mathematical and numerical analyses of the model of the equilibria and their stability have been carried out. Uniform persistence of the model has been established. Numerical simulations show that the model supports Hopf bifurcation as a function of the values of the quarantine effectiveness and other parameters. The upshot of this work is somewhat surprising since it is shown that SIQR model oscillatory behavior, as shown by multiple researchers, is in fact not robust to perturbations in the quarantine regime.

Radial Velocity Detection of Extra-Solar Planetary Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cochran, William D.

2004-01-01

This NASA Origins Program grant supported four closely related research programs at The University of Texas at Austin: 1) The McDonald Observatory Planetary Search (MOPS) Program, using the McDonald Observatory 2.7m Harlan Smith telescope and its 2dcoud6 spectrometer, 2) A high-precision radial-velocity survey of Hyades dwarfs, using the Keck telescope and its HIRES spectrograph, 3) A program at McDonald Observatory to obtain spectra of the parent stars of planetary systems at R = 210,000, and 4) the start of high precision radial velocity surveys using the Hobby-Eberly Telescope. The most important results from NASA support of these research programs are described below. A list of all papers published under support of this grant is included at the end.

Regulations on consume and commercialization of food irradiation in Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bustos Ramírez, Ma. Emilia; Jiménez Pérez, Jesús

1995-02-01

A Mexican standard for food irradiation is ready for final publication after the authority received and reviewed public comments of the project published in April 1994. The standard establish the radiation doses for different classes of food, based on ICGFI recommendations. Also included are controls for sampling, packaging, labelling, transportation, process inspection and accordance with international regulations. The results of the economical analysis of cost-benefit of the application of the standard show that the net present value is positive. The method of calculation is presented explaining the assumptions considered for the estimation of the total annual savings and surveillance costs. A final version of the research program report on radiation quarantine treatment of Mexican mangoes will be used for the petition to APHIS for the amendment of quarantine procedures to permit importation into the USA of irradiated products.

7 CFR 301.91-3 - Regulated areas.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES European Larch Canker Quarantine and Regulations § 301..., in which European larch canker has been found by an inspector or in which the Deputy Administrator has reason to believe that European larch canker is present, or any portion of a quarantined State...

42 CFR 71.32 - Persons, carriers, and things.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES QUARANTINE, INSPECTION, LICENSING FOREIGN QUARANTINE Health Measures at U.S. Ports: Communicable Diseases § 71.32 Persons, carriers... under section 361(b) of the Public Health Service Act, he/she may isolate, quarantine, or place the...

42 CFR 71.32 - Persons, carriers, and things.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES QUARANTINE, INSPECTION, LICENSING FOREIGN QUARANTINE Health Measures at U.S. Ports: Communicable Diseases § 71.32 Persons, carriers... under section 361(b) of the Public Health Service Act, he/she may isolate, quarantine, or place the...

42 CFR 71.32 - Persons, carriers, and things.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES QUARANTINE, INSPECTION, LICENSING FOREIGN QUARANTINE Health Measures at U.S. Ports: Communicable Diseases § 71.32 Persons, carriers... under section 361(b) of the Public Health Service Act, he/she may isolate, quarantine, or place the...

9 CFR 93.510 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.510 Section 93.510 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.510 Quarantine requirements. Swine shall be...

9 CFR 93.510 - Quarantine requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine requirements. 93.510 Section 93.510 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.510 Quarantine requirements. Swine shall be...

7 CFR 301.87-6 - Compliance agreement; cancellation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... person engaged in such a business and Plant Protection and Quarantine, in which the person agrees to..., Plant Protection and Quarantine, Domestic and Emergency Operations, 4700 River Road Unit 134, Riverdale, Maryland 20737-1236, and from local offices of Plant Protection and Quarantine. (Local offices are listed...

76 FR 42715 - Quarantine Release Errors in Blood Establishments; Public Workshop

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-19

... Committee on Blood Safety and Availability (the Committee) met to discuss the current FDA blood donor...] Quarantine Release Errors in Blood Establishments; Public Workshop AGENCY: Food and Drug Administration, HHS... entitled: ``Quarantine Release Errors in Blood Establishments.'' The purpose of this public workshop is to...

9 CFR 354.124 - Quarantine of diseased rabbits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine of diseased rabbits. 354.124 Section 354.124 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Procedures; Ante-Mortem Inspections § 354.124 Quarantine of diseased rabbits. If live rabbits, which are...

9 CFR 381.73 - Quarantine of diseased poultry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine of diseased poultry. 381.73 Section 381.73 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Quarantine of diseased poultry. If live poultry, which is affected by any contagious disease which is...

77 FR 14725 - Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Standards for Privately...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-13

... Quarantine Facilities for Ruminants AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION... privately owned quarantine facilities for ruminants. DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on... privately owned quarantine facilities for ruminants, contact Dr. Langston Hull, Senior Staff Veterinarian...

9 CFR 354.124 - Quarantine of diseased rabbits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Quarantine of diseased rabbits. 354.124 Section 354.124 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Procedures; Ante-Mortem Inspections § 354.124 Quarantine of diseased rabbits. If live rabbits, which are...

9 CFR 354.124 - Quarantine of diseased rabbits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Quarantine of diseased rabbits. 354.124 Section 354.124 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Procedures; Ante-Mortem Inspections § 354.124 Quarantine of diseased rabbits. If live rabbits, which are...

9 CFR 381.73 - Quarantine of diseased poultry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Quarantine of diseased poultry. 381.73 Section 381.73 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE... Quarantine of diseased poultry. If live poultry, which is affected by any contagious disease which is...

75 FR 34320 - Asian Longhorned Beetle; Quarantined Area and Regulated Articles

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-17

.... APHIS-2010-0004] Asian Longhorned Beetle; Quarantined Area and Regulated Articles AGENCY: Animal and... of quarantined areas and restricting the interstate movement of regulated articles from that area. We are also updating the list of regulated articles in order to reflect new information concerning host...

7 CFR 318.13-1 - Notice of quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE STATE OF HAWAII AND TERRITORIES QUARANTINE NOTICES Regulated Articles From Hawaii and the Territories § 318.13-1 Notice of quarantine. (a) Under the authority of section 412... from Hawaii, Puerto Rico, the U.S. Virgin Islands, Guam, and the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana...

77 FR 73614 - Notice of Request for Extension of Approval of an Information Collection; Permanent, Privately...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-11

... Horse Quarantine Facilities AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION: Extension..., privately owned horse quarantine facilities. DATES: We will consider all comments that we receive on or... for permanent, privately owned horse quarantine facilities, contact Dr. Ellen Buck, Staff Veterinary...

Combined effects of prevention and quarantine on a breakout in SIR model.

PubMed

Kato, Fuminori; Tainaka, Kei-Ichi; Sone, Shogo; Morita, Satoru; Iida, Hiroyuki; Yoshimura, Jin

2011-01-01

Recent breakouts of several epidemics, such as flu pandemics, are serious threats to human health. The measures of protection against these epidemics are urgent issues in epidemiological studies. Prevention and quarantine are two major approaches against disease spreads. We here investigate the combined effects of these two measures of protection using the SIR model. We use site percolation for prevention and bond percolation for quarantine applying on a lattice model. We find a strong synergistic effect of prevention and quarantine under local interactions. A slight increase in protection measures is extremely effective in the initial disease spreads. Combination of the two measures is more effective than a single protection measure. Our results suggest that the protection policy against epidemics should account for both prevention and quarantine measures simultaneously.

Sources, perceived usefulness and understanding of information disseminated to families who entered home quarantine during the H1N1 pandemic in Victoria, Australia: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Kavanagh, Anne M; Bentley, Rebecca J; Mason, Kate E; McVernon, Jodie; Petrony, Sylvia; Fielding, James; LaMontagne, Anthony D; Studdert, David M

2011-01-04

Voluntary home quarantine of cases and close contacts was the main non-pharmaceutical intervention used to limit transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza (pH1N1) in the initial response to the outbreak of the disease in Australia. The effectiveness of voluntary quarantine logically depends on affected families having a clear understanding of what they are being asked to do. Information may come from many sources, including the media, health officials, family and friends, schools, and health professionals. We report the extent to which families who entered home quarantine received and used information on what they were supposed to do. Specifically, we outline their sources of information; the perceived usefulness of each source; and associations between understanding of recommendations and compliance. Cross-sectional survey administered via the internet and computer assisted telephone interview to families whose school children were recommended to go into home quarantine because they were diagnosed with H1N1 or were a close contact of a case. The sample included 314 of 1157 potentially eligible households (27% response rate) from 33 schools in metropolitan Melbourne. Adjusting for clustering within schools, we describe self-reported 'understanding of what they were meant to do during the quarantine period'; source of information (e.g. health department) and usefulness of information. Using logistic regression we examine whether compliance with quarantine recommendations was associated with understanding and the type of information source used. Ninety per cent understood what they were meant to do during the quarantine period with levels of understanding higher in households with cases (98%, 95% CI 93%-99% vs 88%, 95% CI 84%-91%, P = 0.006). Over 87% of parents received information about quarantine from the school, 63% from the health department and 44% from the media. 53% of households were fully compliant and there was increased compliance in households that reported that they understood what they were meant to do (Odds Ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.35-3.80). It is critical that public health officials work closely with other government departments and media to provide clear, consistent and simple information about what to do during quarantine as high levels of understanding will maximise compliance in the quarantined population.

Sources, perceived usefulness and understanding of information disseminated to families who entered home quarantine during the H1N1 pandemic in Victoria, Australia: a cross-sectional study

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Voluntary home quarantine of cases and close contacts was the main non-pharmaceutical intervention used to limit transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza (pH1N1) in the initial response to the outbreak of the disease in Australia. The effectiveness of voluntary quarantine logically depends on affected families having a clear understanding of what they are being asked to do. Information may come from many sources, including the media, health officials, family and friends, schools, and health professionals. We report the extent to which families who entered home quarantine received and used information on what they were supposed to do. Specifically, we outline their sources of information; the perceived usefulness of each source; and associations between understanding of recommendations and compliance. Methods Cross-sectional survey administered via the internet and computer assisted telephone interview to families whose school children were recommended to go into home quarantine because they were diagnosed with H1N1 or were a close contact of a case. The sample included 314 of 1157 potentially eligible households (27% response rate) from 33 schools in metropolitan Melbourne. Adjusting for clustering within schools, we describe self-reported 'understanding of what they were meant to do during the quarantine period'; source of information (e.g. health department) and usefulness of information. Using logistic regression we examine whether compliance with quarantine recommendations was associated with understanding and the type of information source used. Results Ninety per cent understood what they were meant to do during the quarantine period with levels of understanding higher in households with cases (98%, 95% CI 93%-99% vs 88%, 95% CI 84%-91%, P = 0.006). Over 87% of parents received information about quarantine from the school, 63% from the health department and 44% from the media. 53% of households were fully compliant and there was increased compliance in households that reported that they understood what they were meant to do (Odds Ratio 2.27, 95% CI 1.35-3.80). Conclusions It is critical that public health officials work closely with other government departments and media to provide clear, consistent and simple information about what to do during quarantine as high levels of understanding will maximise compliance in the quarantined population. PMID:21199583

Publications of the planetary biology program for 1978: A special bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pleasant, L. G. (Compiler); Young, R. S. (Compiler)

1979-01-01

The planetary events which are responsible for, or related to, the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe are investigated. Bibliographies from chemical evolution, organic geochemistry, life detection, biological adaptation, bioinstrumentation, planetary environments, and origin of life studies are presented.

NASA's small planetary mission plan released

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Richard M.

A ten-page report just submitted to Congress outlines a new strategy for NASA planetary programs emphasizing small missions. If implemented, this plan would represent a shift away from large “flagship” missions that have characterized many programs of NASA's Solar System Exploration Division.There are a number of reasons for this shift in strategy. The current NASA appropriations bill requires “a plan to stimulate and develop small planetary or other space science projects, emphasizing those which could be accomplished by the academic or research communities.” Budgetary realities make it more difficult to fly large missions. There is also concern about a “significant gap” in data from planetary missions between 1998 and 2004.

Planetary geosciences, 1988

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zuber, Maria T. (Editor); Plescia, Jeff L. (Editor); James, Odette B. (Editor); Macpherson, Glenn (Editor)

1989-01-01

Research topics within the NASA Planetary Geosciences Program are presented. Activity in the fields of planetary geology, geophysics, materials, and geochemistry is covered. The investigator's current research efforts, the importance of that work in understanding a particular planetary geoscience problem, the context of that research, and the broader planetary geoscience effort is described. As an example, theoretical modelling of the stability of water ice within the Martian regolith, the applicability of that work to understanding Martian volatiles in general, and the geologic history of Mars is discussed.

Activities at the Lunar and Planetary Institute

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The activities of the Lunar and Planetary Institute for the period July to December 1984 are discussed. Functions of its departments and projects are summarized. These include: planetary image center; library information center; computer center; production services; scientific staff; visitors program; scientific projects; conferences; workshops; seminars; publications and communications; panels, teams, committees and working groups; NASA-AMES vertical gun range (AVGR); and lunar and planetary science council.

Publications of the planetary biology program for 1976: A special bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, F. D. (Compiler); Young, R. S. (Compiler)

1977-01-01

An annual listing of current publications resulting from research pursued under the auspices of NASA's Planetary Biology Program is presented. To stimulate the exchange of information and ideas among scientists working in the different areas of the program. To facilitate the exchange process. The author of each publication who is presently participating in the program is identified by asterisk. Current addresses for all principal investigators are given in the appendix.

Cost estimation model for advanced planetary programs, fourth edition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spadoni, D. J.

1983-01-01

The development of the planetary program cost model is discussed. The Model was updated to incorporate cost data from the most recent US planetary flight projects and extensively revised to more accurately capture the information in the historical cost data base. This data base is comprised of the historical cost data for 13 unmanned lunar and planetary flight programs. The revision was made with a two fold objective: to increase the flexibility of the model in its ability to deal with the broad scope of scenarios under consideration for future missions, and to maintain and possibly improve upon the confidence in the model's capabilities with an expected accuracy of 20%. The Model development included a labor/cost proxy analysis, selection of the functional forms of the estimating relationships, and test statistics. An analysis of the Model is discussed and two sample applications of the cost model are presented.

NASA's planetary protection program as an astrobiology teaching module

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolb, Vera M.

2005-09-01

We are currently developing a teaching module on the NASA's Planetary Protection Program for UW-Parkside SENCER courses. SENCER stands for Science Education for New Civic Engagements and Responsibility. It is a national initiative of the National Science Foundation (NSF), now in its fifth year, to improve science education by teaching basic sciences through the complex public issues of the 21st century. The Planetary Protection Program is one such complex public issue. Teaching astrobiology and the NASA's goals via the Planetary Protection module within the SENCER courses seems to be a good formula to reach large number of students in an interesting and innovative way. We shall describe the module that we are developing. It will be launched on our web site titled "Astrobiology at Parkside" (http://oldweb.uwp.edu/academic/chemistry/kolb/organic_chemistry/, or go to Google and then to Vera Kolb Home Page), and thus will be available for teaching to all interested parties.

Expanding the Planetary Analog Test Sites in Hawaii - Planetary Basalt Manipulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kelso, R.

2013-12-01

The Pacific International Space Center for Exploration Systems (PISCES) is one of the very few planetary surface research test sites in the country that is totally funded by the state legislature. In recent expansions, PISCES is broadening its work in planetary test sites to include much more R&D work in the planetary surface systems, and the manipulation of basalt materials. This is to include laser 3D printing of basalt, 'lunar-concrete' construction in state projects for Hawaii, renewable energy, and adding lava tubes/skylights to their mix of high-quality planetary analog test sites. PISCES Executive Director, Rob Kelso, will be providing program updates on the interest of the Hawaii State Legislature in planetary surface systems, new applied research initiatives in planetary basalts and interests in planetary construction.

Human quarantine: Toward reducing infectious pressure on chimpanzees at the Taï Chimpanzee Project, Côte d'Ivoire.

PubMed

Grützmacher, Kim; Keil, Verena; Leinert, Vera; Leguillon, Floraine; Henlin, Arthur; Couacy-Hymann, Emmanuel; Köndgen, Sophie; Lang, Alexander; Deschner, Tobias; Wittig, Roman M; Leendertz, Fabian H

2018-01-01

Due to their genetic relatedness, great apes are highly susceptible to common human respiratory pathogens. Although most respiratory pathogens, such as human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) and human metapneumovirus (HMPV), rarely cause severe disease in healthy human adults, they are associated with considerable morbidity and mortality in wild great apes habituated to humans for research or tourism. To prevent pathogen transmission, most great ape projects have established a set of hygiene measures ranging from keeping a specific distance, to the use of surgical masks and establishment of quarantines. This study investigates the incidence of respiratory symptoms and human respiratory viruses in humans at a human-great ape interface, the Taï Chimpanzee Project (TCP) in Côte d'Ivoire, and consequently, the effectiveness of a 5-day quarantine designed to reduce the risk of potential exposure to human respiratory pathogens. To assess the impact of quarantine as a preventative measure, we monitored the quarantine process and tested 262 throat swabs for respiratory viruses, collected during quarantine over a period of 1 year. Although only 1 subject tested positive for a respiratory virus (HRSV), 17 subjects developed symptoms of infection while in quarantine and were subsequently kept from approaching the chimpanzees, preventing potential exposure in 18 cases. Our results suggest that quarantine-in combination with monitoring for symptoms-is effective in reducing the risk of potential pathogen exposure. This research contributes to our understanding of how endangered great apes can be protected from human-borne infectious disease. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Airport quarantine inspection, follow-up observation, and the prevention of pandemic influenza.

PubMed

Fujita, Masanori; Sato, Hiroki; Kaku, Koki; Tokuno, Shinichi; Kanatani, Yasuhiro; Suzuki, Shinya; Shinomiya, Nariyoshi

2011-08-01

After a report of H1N1 novel influenza in Mexico and North America, Japan conducted onboard quarantine inspections from late April 2009. The detection rate in border quarantine inspection is low due to incubation period and thus inspection is considered to be ineffective in blocking the entry of influenza. However, little is known about the concomitant effects of such inspection, such as increased traceability, upon secondary transmission. Epidemiological data were collected from the web sites of the Department of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan and the National Institute of Infectious Diseases of Japan. The number of weekly patients with H1N1 pandemic influenza in eight districts of Japan was summarized. The number of patients who passed through quarantine inspection at the airports was also calculated. A person with overseas travel history was defined as a person who had a flight only from the United States, Canada, or Mexico and passed through the quarantine inspection (according to the quarantine policy of the Japanese government). The numbers were adjusted for the population of each district and expressed as the number of patients per one million people. Despite Kanto district having the largest population, the number of patients with H1N1 novel influenza was relatively small. The total number of cases in each district correlated inversely to the percentage of cases with airport quarantine inspection. Quarantine inspection at the airports, follow-up observation by local authorities, and overall concomitant efforts may have contributed to secondary infection control in Japan.

Stream monitoring for detection of Phytophthora ramorum in Oregon

Treesearch

W. Sutton; E.M. Hansen; P. Reeser; A. Kanaskie

2008-01-01

Stream monitoring using leaf baits for early detection of P. ramorum is an important part of the Oregon sudden oak death program. About 50 streams in and near the Oregon quarantine area in the southwest corner of the state are currently monitored. Rhododendron and tanoak leaf baits in mesh bags are exchanged every two weeks throughout the year....

Anoplophora glabripennis within-tree distribution, seasonal development, and host suitability in China and Chicago

Treesearch

Robert A. Haack; Leah S. Bauer; Rui-Tong Gao; Joseph J. McCarthy; Deborah L. Miller; Toby R. Petrice; Therese M. Poland

2006-01-01

Established populations of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were first reported in the United States in New York in 1996, Illinois in 1998, and New Jersey in 2002. A federal quarantine and an eradication program were implemented in 1997, involving tree surveys and removal of infested...

Aquatic Plant Control Research Program. Biological Control of Pistia stratiotes L. (Waterlettuce) Using Neohydronomus affinis Hustache (Coleoptera: Curculionidae).

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

plant must also be examined for herbivores attacking the weed. This ensures that time and money are not wasted by importing insects already present in...Agricultural Research Service Aquatic Weed Research Laboratory in Fort Lauder - dale, FL, from quarantine tacilities in Gainesville, FL, on 11 February

The ventral receptacle compression technique as an adjunct to scoring mated status in fruit flies of economic importance

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The determination of mated status in wild female fruit fly detections provides information to program managers that is useful in two respects. Firstly, the mated (or unmated) status, is a factor in triggering quarantine restrictions at the detection location. Invasive female fruit flies that have ma...

Biomedical Results of Apollo

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnston, R. S. (Editor); Dietlein, L. F. (Editor); Berry, C. A. (Editor); Parker, James F. (Compiler); West, Vita (Compiler)

1975-01-01

The biomedical program developed for Apollo is described in detail. The findings are listed of those investigations which are conducted to assess the effects of space flight on man's physiological and functional capacities, and significant medical events in Apollo are documented. Topics discussed include crew health and inflight monitoring, preflight and postflight medical testing, inflight experiments, quarantine, and life support systems.

Potential new associations of North American parasitoids with the invasive Asian longhorned beetle (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) for biological control

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky), is a polyphagous wood-boring insect native to Asia. Since it invaded North America in the 1990s, the beetle has been continuously targeted by quarantines and eradication programs in the United States and Canada. In the present st...

Laboratory Evaluation of the Toxicity of Systemic Insecticides for Control of Anoplophora glabripennis and Plectrodera scalator (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Treesearch

Therese M. Poland; Robert A. Haack; Toby R. Petrice; Deborah L. Miller; Leah S. Bauer

2006-01-01

Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) is one of the most serious nonnative invasive forest insects discovered in North America in recent years. A. glabripennis is regulated by federal quarantines in the United States and Canada and is the subject of eradication programs that involve locating, cutting,...

Reports of planetary astronomy, 1991

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

A collection is presented of summaries designed to provide information about scientific research projects conducted in the Planetary Astronomy Program in 1990 and 1991, and to facilitate communication and coordination among concerned scientists and interested persons in universities, government, and industry. Highlights of recent accomplishments in planetary astronomy are included.

The Role of Penal Quarantine in Reducing Violent Crime

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Perry M.

1978-01-01

An examination of the limits of quarantine's potential effect under actual and ideal circumstances leads to the conclusion that current proposals for increasing the use of quarantine would reduce serious violent crime by no more than 10 percent at a staggering cost for prison construction and operation. Two alternative proposals are presented.…

7 CFR 301.75-6 - Interstate movement of regulated nursery stock from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES... kumquat plants may be moved interstate from a quarantined area in accordance with paragraph (b) of this section. (b) Kumquat (Fortunella spp.) plants, with or without fruit attached, may be moved interstate...

9 CFR 93.313 - Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appearance of disease among horses in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.313 Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among horses during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.515 - Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Appearance of disease among swine in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.515 Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among swine during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.313 - Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Appearance of disease among horses in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.313 Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among horses during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.515 - Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appearance of disease among swine in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.515 Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among swine during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.213 - Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Appearance of disease among poultry in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.213 Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among poultry during the quarantine period...

9 CFR 93.213 - Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Appearance of disease among poultry in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.213 Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among poultry during the quarantine period...

9 CFR 93.313 - Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Appearance of disease among horses in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.313 Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among horses during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.313 - Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Appearance of disease among horses in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.313 Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among horses during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.515 - Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Appearance of disease among swine in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.515 Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among swine during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.313 - Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Appearance of disease among horses in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Horses § 93.313 Appearance of disease among horses in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among horses during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.515 - Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Appearance of disease among swine in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.515 Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among swine during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.213 - Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Appearance of disease among poultry in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.213 Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among poultry during the quarantine period...

9 CFR 93.213 - Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Appearance of disease among poultry in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.213 Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among poultry during the quarantine period...

9 CFR 93.515 - Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Appearance of disease among swine in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Swine § 93.515 Appearance of disease among swine in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among swine during the quarantine period special...

9 CFR 93.213 - Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Appearance of disease among poultry in...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Poultry § 93.213 Appearance of disease among poultry in quarantine. If any contagious disease appears among poultry during the quarantine period...

7 CFR 301.76-6 - Additional conditions for issuance of certificates and limited permits for regulated articles...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... limited permits for regulated articles moved interstate from areas quarantined for Asian citrus psyllid... QUARANTINE NOTICES Citrus Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid § 301.76-6 Additional conditions for issuance of certificates and limited permits for regulated articles moved interstate from areas quarantined for Asian...

7 CFR 301.76-6 - Additional conditions for issuance of certificates and limited permits for regulated articles...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... limited permits for regulated articles moved interstate from areas quarantined for Asian citrus psyllid... QUARANTINE NOTICES Citrus Greening and Asian Citrus Psyllid § 301.76-6 Additional conditions for issuance of certificates and limited permits for regulated articles moved interstate from areas quarantined for Asian...

77 FR 31720 - Asian Longhorned Beetle; Quarantined Areas in Massachusetts, Ohio, and New York

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-30

.... APHIS-2012-0003] Asian Longhorned Beetle; Quarantined Areas in Massachusetts, Ohio, and New York AGENCY...: We are amending the Asian longhorned beetle regulations to make changes to the list of quarantined... the artificial spread of Asian longhorned beetle to noninfested areas of the United States and to...

Appropriateness of Probit-9 in development of quarantine treatments for timber and timber commodities

Treesearch

Marcus Schortemeyer; Ken Thomas; Robert A. Haack; Adnan Uzunovic; Kelli Hoover; Jack A. Simpson; Cheryl A. Grgurinovic

2011-01-01

Following the increasing international phasing out of methyl bromide for quarantine purposes, the development of alternative treatments for timber pests becomes imperative. The international accreditation of new quarantine treatments requires verification standards that give confidence in the effectiveness of a treatment. Probit-9 mortality is a standard for treatment...

9 CFR 71.2 - Secretary to issue rule governing quarantine and interstate movement of diseased animals...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... quarantine and interstate movement of diseased animals, including poultry. 71.2 Section 71.2 Animals and... TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS GENERAL PROVISIONS § 71.2 Secretary to issue rule governing quarantine and interstate movement of diseased animals, including poultry. When the...

7 CFR 301.92-4 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated, restricted, and associated articles...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... regulated, restricted, and associated articles, and non-host nursery stock from quarantined and regulated... associated articles, and non-host nursery stock from quarantined and regulated areas. (a) Interstate movement... movement of nursery stock from nurseries in quarantined areas—(1) Regulated articles of nursery stock and...

9 CFR 73.4 - Interstate shipment of exposed but not visibly diseased cattle from a quarantined or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... visibly diseased cattle from a quarantined or nonquarantined area; conditions under which permitted. 73.4... AGRICULTURE INTERSTATE TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS SCABIES IN CATTLE § 73.4 Interstate shipment of exposed but not visibly diseased cattle from a quarantined or...

9 CFR 72.11 - Quarantined area; cattle considered infested; requirements for placing in noninfectious pens or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Quarantined area; cattle considered... TRANSPORTATION OF ANIMALS (INCLUDING POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS TEXAS (SPLENETIC) FEVER IN CATTLE § 72.11 Quarantined area; cattle considered infested; requirements for placing in noninfectious pens or premises...

7 CFR 301.80 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... parasitic plant that causes a dangerous disease of corn, sorghum, and other crops of the grass family and is... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES... Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711, 7712, 7714, and 7754), the Secretary of Agriculture quarantines the...

7 CFR 301.80 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... parasitic plant that causes a dangerous disease of corn, sorghum, and other crops of the grass family and is... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES... Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711, 7712, 7714, and 7754), the Secretary of Agriculture quarantines the...

7 CFR 301.80 - Quarantine; restriction on interstate movement of specified regulated articles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... parasitic plant that causes a dangerous disease of corn, sorghum, and other crops of the grass family and is... (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES... Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7711, 7712, 7714, and 7754), the Secretary of Agriculture quarantines the...

9 CFR 72.19 - Interstate shipments and use of pine straw, grass, litter from quarantined area; prohibited until...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... straw, grass, litter from quarantined area; prohibited until disinfected. 72.19 Section 72.19 Animals... Interstate shipments and use of pine straw, grass, litter from quarantined area; prohibited until disinfected. Pine straw, grass, or similar litter collected from tick-infested pastures, ranges, or premises may...

9 CFR 72.19 - Interstate shipments and use of pine straw, grass, litter from quarantined area; prohibited until...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... straw, grass, litter from quarantined area; prohibited until disinfected. 72.19 Section 72.19 Animals... Interstate shipments and use of pine straw, grass, litter from quarantined area; prohibited until disinfected. Pine straw, grass, or similar litter collected from tick-infested pastures, ranges, or premises may...

Dynamics of an epidemic model with quarantine on scale-free networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Huiyan; Liu, Kaihui; Fu, Xinchu

2017-12-01

Quarantine strategies are frequently used to control or reduce the transmission risks of epidemic diseases such as SARS, tuberculosis and cholera. In this paper, we formulate a susceptible-exposed-infected-quarantined-recovered model on a scale-free network incorporating the births and deaths of individuals. Considering that the infectivity is related to the degrees of infectious nodes, we introduce quarantined rate as a function of degree into the model, and quantify the basic reproduction number, which is shown to be dependent on some parameters, such as quarantined rate, infectivity and network structures. A theoretical result further indicates the heterogeneity of networks and higher infectivity will raise the disease transmission risk while quarantine measure will contribute to the prevention of epidemic spreading. Meanwhile, the contact assumption between susceptibles and infectives may impact the disease transmission. Furthermore, we prove that the basic reproduction number serves as a threshold value for the global stability of the disease-free and endemic equilibria and the uniform persistence of the disease on the network by constructing appropriate Lyapunov functions. Finally, some numerical simulations are illustrated to perform and complement our analytical results.

The french involvement in Mars sample return program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Counil, J.; Bonneville, R.; Rocard, F.

The French scientific community is involved in planetary exploration for more than thirty years, at the beginning mainly in cooperation with the former USSR (e.g. missions Phobos 1 and 2 in the 80's), then through ESA (Mars - Express). In 97, following the success of the US Pathfinder mission, NASA proposed to CNES to participate to the first Mars Sample Return (MSR) mission. This idea created a tremendous excitation in the French scientific community and CNES took the decision to contribute to the MSR program. Conscious that only the very best laboratories will be selected to analyse Mars samples, the French ministry of Research has created in May 99, the CSEEM (Comité Scientifique pour l'Etude des Echantillons Martiens). This Committee mandated to coordinate the national endeavour, has released late 99 an AO aimed at implementing a national preparatory program to Mars samples analysis. More than 40 proposals have been submitted involving more than 450 scientists from around 60 French labs. Most of these proposals are interdisciplinarity jointly submitted by planetologists, mineralogists, geochemists, astrobiologists and biologists. The first stage of this preparatory program is on going and will last until mid-2003. Amongst the priorities of the preparatory program are development of dedicated instrumentation, capability of analysing as small as possible samples, measurements integration; rock-macromolecule interaction; bacteria behaviour under Martian conditions; sample transportation under quarantine conditions, etc In the late 90's, the French participation to the NASA led 2003-2005 MSR mission was mainly consisting in a sample return orbiter to be launched by an Ariane V rocket. This contribution to MSR was one of the two priorities of the CNES Mars Exploration Program named PREMIER together with the NetLander network. Unfortunately late 99, due the failure of the two NASA missions MPL and MCO, a rearchitecture of the program has been decided and the first MSR mission is now expected not sooner than 2013. In spite of this great deception, France still intents to cooperate to the first MSR mission and the PREMIER program has been rearchitectured to take into account the new schedule. CNES will launch in 2007 the PREMIER-2007 mission that will consist in a Mars orbiter (MO-07) that will carry the NetLander and will test critical technologies for the future MSR missions such Rendezvous and Capture in Mars orbit.

Public Outreach Program of the Planetary society of Japan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iyori, Tasuku

2002-01-01

The Planetary Society of Japan, TPS/J, was founded on October 6, 1999 as the first international wing of The Planetary Society. The Society's objectives are to support exploration of the solar system and search for extraterrestrial life at the grass-roots level in terms of enhancing Japanese people's concern and interest in them. With close-knit relationships with the Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, ISAS, and The Planetary Society, TPS/J has been trying to fulfil its goal. Introduced below are major public outreach programs. Planetary Report in Japanese The key vehicle that reaches members. The publication is offered to members together with the English issue every two months. Reprint of Major Texts from The Planetary Report for Science Magazine Major texts from The Planetary Report are reprinted in Nature Science, the science magazine with monthly circulation of 20,000. The science monthly has been published with an aim to provide an easier access to science. Website: http://www.planetary.or.jp A mainstay of the vehicle to reach science-minded people. It covers planetary news on a weekly basis, basics of the solar system and space exploring missions. In order to obtain support of many more people, the weekly email magazine is also provided. It has been enjoying outstanding popularity among subscribers thanks to inspiring commentaries by Dr. Yasunori Matogawa, the professor of ISAS. Public Outreach Events TPS/J's first activity of this kind was its participation in the renowned open-house event at ISAS last August. The one-day event has attracted 20,000 visitors every summer. TPS/J joined the one-day event with the Red Rover, Red Rover project for children, exhibition of winning entries of the international space art contest and introduction of SETI@home. TPS/J also participated in a couple of other planetary events, sponsored by local authorities. TPS/J will continue to have an opportunity to get involved in these public events Tie-up with the special television program is another major involvement of TPS/J in terms of reaching a mass of people. NHK, the largest television broadcasting network of Japan, aired the two-hour television program, "Mars is our planet." The program was developed upon space arts describing Mars after a hundred years with children and adults participated in. It was also intended as an educational tool particularly for children and young people in an effort to enhance their understanding and interest in the importance of planetary science and interplanetary exploration. The theme of the program is terraforming Mars for the sake of the future of humankind. Four more fifteen-minute versions will be produced. TPS/J will make best use of those programs to convince people to support philosophy of its mission. Public Campaign for MUSES-C Mission Launch for this year The world's first asteroid sample return mission, MUSES-C, is scheduled to be launched in November this year. TPS/J will join forces in this mission by running a publicity campaign on a worldwide scale. "Let's meet your Little Prince!," the idea of which is derived from "Le Petit Prince" by Saint-Exupery is its publicity slogan. The target of the mission is Asteroid 1998 F36 with 600 meters x 300 meters in size, orbiting 1.0 AU- 1.6 AU from the Earth. TPS/J is planning to fly names of a million of people aboard the spacecraft. Through public outreach programs mentioned above, TPS/J will encourage people to support and expand its mission as a non-government space-related organization.

Planetary cartography in the next decade: Digital cartography and emerging opportunities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

Planetary maps being produced today will represent views of the solar system for many decades to come. The primary objective of the planetary cartography program is to produce the most complete and accurate maps from hundreds of thousands of planetary images in support of scientific studies and future missions. Here, the utilization of digital techniques and digital bases in response to recent advances in computer technology are emphasized.

Planetary Rover Robotics Experiments in Education: HUSAR-5, the NXT-Based Rover Model for Measuring the Planetary Surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lang, Á.; Bérczi, Sz.; Szalay, K.; Prajczer, P.; Kocsis, Á.

2014-11-01

We report about the work of the HUSAR-5 groups from the Széchenyi István Gimnázium High School Sopron, Hungary. We build and program robot-rovers, that can autonomous move and measure on a planetary surface.

NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Undergraduate Research Program (PGGURP): The Value of Undergraduate Geoscience Internships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gregg, T. K.

2008-12-01

NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program began funding PGGURP in 1978, in an effort to help planetary scientists deal with what was then seen as a flood of Viking Orbiter data. Each subsequent year, PGGURP has paired 8 - 15 undergraduates with NASA-funded Principal Investigators (PIs) around the country for approximately 8 weeks during the summer. Unlike other internship programs, the students are not housed together, but are paired, one-on-one, with a PI at his or her home institution. PGGURP interns have worked at sites ranging from the Jet Propulsion Laboratory to the University of Alaska, Fairbanks. Through NASA's Planetary Geology and Geophysics Program, the interns' travel and lodging costs are covered, as are a cost-of-living stipend. Approximately 30% of the undergraduate PGGURP participants continue on to graduate school in the planetary sciences. We consider this to be an enormous success, because the participants are among the best and brightest undergraduates in the country with a wide range of declared majors (e.g., physics, chemistry, biology, as well as geology). Furthermore, those students that do continue tend to excel, and point to the internship as a turning point in their scientific careers. The NASA PIs who serve as mentors agree that this is a valuable experience for them, too, and many of them have been hosting interns annually for well over a decade. The PI obtains enthusiastic and intelligent undergraduate, free of charge, for a summer, while having the opportunity to work closely with today's students who are the future of planetary science. The Lunar and Planetary Institute (LPI) in Houston, TX, also sponsors a summer undergraduate internship. Approximately 12 students are selected to live together in apartments located near the Lunar and Planetary Institute and the Johnson Space Center. Similar to PGGURP, the LPI interns are carefully selected to work one-on-one for ~10 weeks during the summer with one of the LPI staff scientists. Many LPI Summer Intern graduates have forged geoscience or planetary science careers after this rewarding experience.

Managing outbreaks of invasive species--a new method to prioritize preemptive quarantine efforts across large geographic regions.

PubMed

Withrow, J R; Smith, E L; Koch, F H; Yemshanov, D

2015-03-01

In pest risk assessment it is frequently necessary to make time-critical decisions regarding management of expanding pest populations. When an invasive pest outbreak is expanding rapidly, preemptive quarantine of areas that are under imminent threat of infestation is one of only a few available management tools that can be implemented quickly to help control the expansion. The preemptive quarantine of locations that surround an infested area also acts as a safeguard to counteract the risk of failed detections of the pest in field surveys. In this paper, we present a method that assesses the suitability of preemptive quarantine measures at the level of small geographical subdivisions (U.S. counties). The cost of a preemptive quarantine in a given county is weighed against the protective benefit of delaying the spread of an outbreak to other neighboring counties. We demonstrate the approach with a decision support model that estimates the suitability of preemptive quarantine across multiple counties that surround areas infested with the emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis Fairmaire (EAB), Coleoptera: Buprestidae), an emerging major threat to ash tree species (Fraxinus spp.) in North America. The model identifies the U.S. counties where the installation of preemptive quarantine would most effectively slow the spread of EAB populations and reduce risk to high-value areas. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Planetary science education in a multidisciplinar environment: an alternative approach for ISU

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calzada, A.

2012-09-01

The aim of the International Space University (ISU) located in Strasbourg, France, is to provide to the participants of its programs an overview of all the aspects of the space field. This also includes a basic background on Planetary Sciences. During the Master 2012 an individual project about impact processes was done. During this project some issues regarding planetary science awareness arise and it brought to the table the need to increase its presence in the ISU programs. The conclusions may be extrapolated to other academic institutions.

7 CFR 301.75-9 - Interstate movement of regulated articles from a quarantined area for experimental or scientific...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Interstate movement of regulated articles from a quarantined area for experimental or scientific purposes. A... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Interstate movement of regulated articles from a quarantined area for experimental or scientific purposes. 301.75-9 Section 301.75-9 Agriculture Regulations of...

7 CFR 301.85-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Golden Nematode Quarantine and Regulations § 301.85-3 Conditions governing the... of the golden nematode and the person in possession thereof has been so notified; or (v) Through or... golden nematode exists; or (v) Through or reshipped from any regulated area if the articles originated...

7 CFR 301.85-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Golden Nematode Quarantine and Regulations § 301.85-3 Conditions governing the... of the golden nematode and the person in possession thereof has been so notified; or (v) Through or... golden nematode exists; or (v) Through or reshipped from any regulated area if the articles originated...

7 CFR 301.85-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Golden Nematode Quarantine and Regulations § 301.85-3 Conditions governing the... of the golden nematode and the person in possession thereof has been so notified; or (v) Through or... golden nematode exists; or (v) Through or reshipped from any regulated area if the articles originated...

7 CFR 301.85-3 - Conditions governing the interstate movement of regulated articles from quarantined States. 2

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... DOMESTIC QUARANTINE NOTICES Golden Nematode Quarantine and Regulations § 301.85-3 Conditions governing the... of the golden nematode and the person in possession thereof has been so notified; or (v) Through or... golden nematode exists; or (v) Through or reshipped from any regulated area if the articles originated...

9 CFR 82.8 - Interstate movement of eggs, other than hatching eggs, from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... than hatching eggs, from a quarantined area. 82.8 Section 82.8 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND... Interstate movement of eggs, other than hatching eggs, from a quarantined area. (a) Eggs, other than hatching... establishment that processes the eggs, other than hatching eggs, for sale establishes procedures adequate to...

9 CFR 82.9 - Interstate movement of hatching eggs from a quarantined area.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Interstate movement of hatching eggs... hatching eggs from a quarantined area. Hatching eggs from birds or poultry not known to be infected with or exposed to Newcastle disease may be moved interstate from a quarantined area only if: (a) The hatching...

9 CFR 72.6 - Interstate movement of cattle from quarantined areas not eradicating ticks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... quarantined areas not eradicating ticks. 72.6 Section 72.6 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH... areas not eradicating ticks. Cattle in quarantined areas where tick eradication is not being conducted 3... inspector just prior to final dipping, found to be apparently free of ticks, and be certified as such by...