Implications of Sino-American Strategic Competition on Southeast Asia’s Post-Cold War Regional Order

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-12-01

NAVAL POSTGRADUATE SCHOOL MONTEREY, CALIFORNIA THESIS IMPLICATIONS OF SINO-AMERICAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION ON SOUTHEAST ASIA’S...Implications of Sino-American Strategic Competition on Southeast Asia’s Post-Cold War Regional Order 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR Sidharto R...IMPLICATIONS OF SINO-AMERICAN STRATEGIC COMPETITION ON SOUTHEAST ASIA’S POST-COLD WAR REGIONAL ORDER Sidharto R. Suryodipuro Civilian, Foreign

Recasting NATO’s Strategic Concept. Possible Directions for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

the end of the Cold War, these missions have proven more and more challenging for the alliance as their distance from Brus - sels increases. Meanwhile...www.basicint.org/europe/NATO/afghanistan.pdf Sherwood-Randall, Elizabeth , Alliances and American National Security, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War...Huffington Post, April 1, 2008. As of July 14, 2009: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/ elizabeth -sherwoodrandall/is-nato-dead-or alive_b_94469.html Sky, Emma

Old and New Insurgency Forms

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

undertaken to analyze and synthesize the post -Cold War insurgency form writings that have emerged over the last 2 de- cades. It is apropos that these...implosion of the Soviet Union, post -Cold War insurgency typologies began to emerge because a need existed to understand where this component of the...provide a literature review of the post -Cold War in- surgency typologies that exist, create a proposed in- surgency typology divided into legacy

Venezuela’s Changing Foreign Policy Towards the United States: A Holistic Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

explanations for this change: 1) A new post -Cold War international system. 2) Antagonism produced by unpopular U.S. policies towards Venezuela. 3...States. The thesis hypothesizes four possible explanations for this change: 1) A new post - Cold War international system. 2) Unpopular U.S. policies...These include, the new post -Cold War international system, unpopular U.S. policies towards Venezuela, domestic issues within Venezuela, and

Maintaining the Critical Balance: The United States, NATO, and the European Security Equilibrium in the Post-Cold War Operating Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-08

His Majesty The King of Great Britain, Ireland and the British Dominions beyond the Seas, Resolved: To reaffirm their faith in fundamental human ...intellectual ferment, global exploration , scientific and technological advances—not to mention economic and political revolutions—European states have

Carcass of Dead Policies: The Irrelevance of NATO

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

busyness ” that provide the lifeblood of institutions trying to justify their exis- tence. At the same time, the theological mantra changed . Since there was... change was taking place in the post-Cold War security environment. In 1949, a genu- ine, measurable security threat justified NATO for all its members. Now...has changed so fundamentally that it has outgrown NATO-type alliances. For the first time in about 1,800 years, there is no world-class threat to or

United States Warship Transfers to Argentina, Brazil, and Chile: Options for U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-19

127 C. ECONOMIC CONSIDERATIONS OF RECIPIENT COUNTRIES ...... ............. 130 D. APPEASES MILITARY IN POST -AUTHORITARIAN DEMOCRACIES...of transferring significant numbers of second-hand warships to the Southern Cone. In this post -Cold War environment a reassessment must be made as to... POST -AUTHORITARIAN DEMOCRACIES Exporting democracy and containing Communism has been a U.S. foreign policy goal throughout the Cold War. In the post Cold

Cold War Paradigms and the Post-Cold War High School History Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McAninch, Stuart A.

1995-01-01

Discusses how Cold War ideological models provide a way to examine the U.S. role in world affairs. Discusses and compares on the writings of Paul Gagnon and Noam Chomsky on this topic. Concludes that students should stand outside both models to develop a meaningful perspective on the U.S. role during the Cold War. (CFR)

The Chavez Challenge: Venezuela, The United States and the Geo-Politics of Post-Cold War Inter-American Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

decades of neo-liberal economic reform. This thesis explores how well he has done in promoting his brand of post-Cold War populism regionally and...international arena. Also, this thesis evaluates the ways in which the United States has dealt with the Chávez challenge and the effectiveness of such an...region after almost three decades of neo-liberal economic reform. This thesis explores how well he has done in promoting his brand of post-Cold War

The United States, Russia, Europe, and Security: How to Address the Unfinished Business of the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-04-01

offered transparency and force limitations through clear rules of the game, enabling former enemies to keep suspicions in check. It guarantees...will have to change. Of course, it will change should oil prices drop to the point of getting Russia on its knees . Beyond such a scenario, there will...and addressing security challenges in and around Europe. Today’s declaratory policy hardly matches the facts on the ground, and the rules of the

The Rise of China: Redefining War in the 21st Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

Hegemony, Africa, Cold War, Cyber Attack, Deficit 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: 17. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT 18. NUMBER OF PAGES 19a. NAME OF...FORMAT: Strategy Research Project DATE: 22 March 2012 WORD COUNT: 5,825 PAGES: 30 KEY TERMS: Debt, Security, Hegemony, Africa, Cold War, Cyber ...significantly increasing economic aid. But it’s hard to buy affection; such ‘ friendship ’ does not stand the test of difficult times.”42 The United

Towards a Critical Pedagogy of Comparative Public Diplomacy: Pseudo-Education, Fear-Mongering and Insecurities in Canadian-American Foreign Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelles, Wayne

2008-01-01

Little research has examined public diplomacy as a comparative education issue, particularly regarding social-psychological, economic and political fears or personal and national insecurities. This paper discusses American public diplomacy as a mostly Cold War strategy adapted to post-9/11 national security interests, fears and desires. It further…

Ocean sciences after September 11

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McPhaden, Michael J.

The terrorist attacks in New York City and Washington D.C. on September 11, 2001 shocked the world with their audacity and destruction. Shortly thereafter, bioterrorists struck through the U.S. postal system. Virtually overnight, major policy shifts took place in the United States that catapulted national security and homeland defense to the top of the political agenda. The consequences were unimaginable just a few months before: an international coalition at war against the Taliban in Afghanistan, major increases in U.S. defense spending, tightened security measures at airports, government facilities, and research laboratories, and a new sense of vulnerability in the post-cold war era. AGU itself was directly affected: three of its members perished in the hijacked planes, or on the ground in New York City.

Social science in the Cold War.

PubMed

Engerman, David C

2010-06-01

This essay examines ways in which American social science in the late twentieth century was--and was not--a creature of the Cold War. It identifies important work by historians that calls into question the assumption that all social science during the Cold War amounts to "Cold War social science." These historians attribute significant agency to social scientists, showing how they were enmeshed in both long-running disciplinary discussions and new institutional environments. Key trends in this scholarship include a broadening historical perspective to see social scientists in the Cold War as responding to the ideas of their scholarly predecessors; identifying the institutional legacies of World War II; and examining in close detail the products of extramural--especially governmental--funding. The result is a view of social science in the Cold War in which national security concerns are relevant, but with varied and often unexpected impacts on intellectual life.

Japan's anti-nuclear weapons policy misses its target, even in the war on terrorism.

PubMed

DiFilippo, Anthony

2003-01-01

While actively working to promote the abolition of all nuclear weapons from the world since the end of the cold war, Japan's disarmament policies are not without problems. Promoting the elimination of nuclear weapons as Japan remains under the US nuclear umbrella creates a major credibility problem for Tokyo, since this decision maintains a Japanese deterrence policy at the same time that officials push for disarmament. Tokyo also advocates a gradual approach to the abolition of nuclear weapons, a decision that has had no effect on those countries that have been conducting sub-critical nuclear testing, nor stopped India and Pakistan from carrying out nuclear tests. Consistent with Article 9 of the Constitution, the Japanese war-renouncing constitutional clause, Tokyo toughened Japan's sizeable Official Development Assistance (ODA) programme in the early 1990s. Because of the anti-military guidelines included in Japan's ODA programme, Tokyo stopped new grant and loan aid to India and Pakistan in 1998 after these countries conducted nuclear tests. However, because of the criticism Japan faced from its failure to participate in the 1991 Gulf War, Tokyo has been seeking a new Japanese role in international security during the post-cold war period. Deepening its commitment to the security alliance with the US, Tokyo has become increasingly influenced by Washington's global polices, including the American war on terrorism. After Washington decided that Pakistan would be a key player in the US war on terrorism, Tokyo restored grant and loan aid to both Islamabad and New Delhi, despite the unequivocal restrictions of Japan's ODA programme.

Strange but common bedfellows: the relationship between humanitarians and the military in developing psychosocial interventions for civilian populations affected by armed conflict.

PubMed

Kienzler, Hanna; Pedersen, Duncan

2012-07-01

This essay analyses how the relationships between Cold War and post-Cold War politics, military psychiatry, humanitarian aid and mental health interventions in war and post-war contexts have transformed over time. It focuses on the restrictions imposed on humanitarian interventions and aid during the Cold War; the politics leading to the transfer of the PTSD diagnosis and its treatment from the military to civilian populations; humanitarian intervention campaigns in the post-Cold War era; and the development of psychosocial intervention programs and standards of care for civilian populations affected by armed conflict. Viewing these developments in their broader historical, political and social contexts reveals the politics behind mental health interventions conducted in countries and populations affected by warfare. In such militarized contexts, the work of NGOs providing assistance to people suffering from trauma-related health problems is far from neutral as it depends on the support of the military and plays an important role in the shaping of international politics and humanitarian aid programs.

Reconsidering Arthur Bestor and the Cold War in Social Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weltman, Burton

2000-01-01

Explores the development of Arthur Bestor's ideas and his differences with progressives during the 1950's. Contends their differences, exacerbated by the Cold War, were matters of emphasis not principles. Concludes that ongoing post-Cold War battles among liberal social educators should be resolved in favor of their common social and educational…

Reassessing the Security Treaty Between Australia, New Zealand, and the United States (ANZUS): Post-Cold War Security Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

Zealand in the World Since 1945 ( Auckland , New Zealand: 1975), 25. 23 Keith Sinclair, 31. 24 T.B. Millar, 221. 25 T.B. Millar, 143. 26 T.B...outrage that spilled over into anti-nuclear opinion. Further fuel to the fire was that the bombing had taken place inside the port of Auckland ; New...superficially seems to do in pure monetary terms but the purported increase in spending “…would not raise the proportion of the nation’s GDP , but would

Post-Cold War Science and Technology at Los Alamos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Browne, John C.

2002-04-01

Los Alamos National Laboratory serves the nation through the development and application of leading-edge science and technology in support of national security. Our mission supports national security by: ensuring the safety, security, and reliability of the U.S. nuclear stockpile; reducing the threat of weapons of mass destruction in support of counter terrorism and homeland defense; and solving national energy, environment, infrastructure, and health security problems. We require crosscutting fundamental and advanced science and technology research to accomplish our mission. The Stockpile Stewardship Program develops and applies, advanced experimental science, computational simulation, and technology to ensure the safety and reliability of U.S. nuclear weapons in the absence of nuclear testing. This effort in itself is a grand challenge. However, the terrorist attack of September 11, 2001, reminded us of the importance of robust and vibrant research and development capabilities to meet new and evolving threats to our national security. Today through rapid prototyping we are applying new, innovative, science and technology for homeland defense, to address the threats of nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons globally. Synergistically, with the capabilities that we require for our core mission, we contribute in many other areas of scientific endeavor. For example, our Laboratory has been part of the NASA effort on mapping water on the moon and NSF/DOE projects studying high-energy astrophysical phenomena, understanding fundamental scaling phenomena of life, exploring high-temperature superconductors, investigating quantum information systems, applying neutrons to condensed-matter and nuclear physics research, developing large-scale modeling and simulations to understand complex phenomena, and exploring nanoscience that bridges the atomic to macroscopic scales. In this presentation, I will highlight some of these post-cold war science and technology advances including our national security contributions, and discuss some of challenges for Los Alamos in the future.

United Nations Charter, Chapter VII, Article 43: Now or Never.

PubMed

Burkle, Frederick M

2018-04-25

For more than 75 years, the United Nations Charter has functioned without the benefit of Chapter VII, Article 43, which commits all United Nations member states "to make available to the Security Council, on its call, armed forces, assistance, facilities, including rights of passage necessary for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security." The consequences imposed by this 1945 decision have had a dramatic negative impact on the United Nation's functional capacity as a global body for peace and security. This article summarizes the struggle to implement Article 43 over the decades from the onset of the Cold War, through diplomatic attempts during the post-Cold War era, to current and often controversial attempts to provide some semblance of conflict containment through peace enforcement missions. The rapid growth of globalization and the capability of many nations to provide democratic protections to their populations are again threatened by superpower hegemony and the development of novel unconventional global threats. The survival of the United Nations requires many long overdue organizational structure and governance power reforms, including implementation of a robust United Nations Standing Task Force under Article 43. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2018;page 1 of 8).

Arms Control and Nonproliferation: A Catalog of Treaties and Agreements

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-21

Europe in the waning years of the Cold War . Other arrangements seek to slow the spread of technologies that nations could use to develop advanced...This provides each nation with the freedom to mix their forces as they see fit. This change reflects, in part, a lesser concern with Cold War models...CFE provisions reflected Cold War assumptions and did not fairly address its new national security concerns. Further, it argued that economic hardship

Defending the American Homeland 1993-2003 (Counterproliferation Papers, Future Warfare Series. Number 20)

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-11-01

fighter.” There is a major difference between attacks on child-care centers, pizza parlors or high-rise office buildings and legitimate military targets...frameworks of the Cold War were inadequate for examining homeland security. While some elements of the Cold War model remain relevant, such as...State and Defense and the Intelligence Community. However, a complete analytic model of homeland security must be suitable for use by federal, state

Movies to the Rescue: Keeping the Cold War Relevant for Twenty-First-Century Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gokcek, Gigi; Howard, Alison

2013-01-01

What are the challenges of teaching Cold War politics to the twenty-first-century student? How might the millennial generation be educated about the political science theories and concepts associated with this period in history? A college student today, who grew up in the post-Cold War era with the Internet, Facebook, Twitter, smart phones,…

Curriculum Evolution at Air Command and Staff College in the Post-Cold War Era

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donovan, William Robert, II.

2010-01-01

This qualitative study used a historical research method to eliminate the gap in the historical knowledge of Air Command and Staff College (ACSC) curriculum evolution in the post-Cold War era. This study is the only known analysis of the forces that influenced the ACSC curriculum and the rationale behind curricular change at ACSC in the post-Cold…

Report on the Bottom-Up Review

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-01

security requirements: Most striking in the transition from the Cold War is the shift in the nature of the dangers to our interests, In 1989, the fall...decisionmaking. perhaps most important - set of dangers that U.S. Military power supports and is supported by politi- strategy must confront is economic...shelter, food, heavy equipment, and vehicles. It also included coor- One of the most significant dangers in the post- dinating large-scale air, land

Dilemmas of Brazilian Grand Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

a regional leader, and may in any case be stymied by Russian or Chinese opposition. It could also en - tail de -prioritizing one tenuous multilateral...strategic implications for the Army, the Department of De - fense, and the larger national security community. In addition to its studies, SSI...worked as a de - fense analyst in Washington, DC. Dr. Brands is the author of From Berlin to Baghdad: America’s Search for Purpose in the Post-Cold War

20 CFR 404.1321 - Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... post-World War II veterans. 404.1321 Section 404.1321 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY... of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1321 Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans. (a) The 90 days of active service required for post-World War II...

20 CFR 404.1321 - Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... post-World War II veterans. 404.1321 Section 404.1321 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY... of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1321 Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans. (a) The 90 days of active service required for post-World War II...

20 CFR 404.1321 - Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... post-World War II veterans. 404.1321 Section 404.1321 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY... of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1321 Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans. (a) The 90 days of active service required for post-World War II...

20 CFR 404.1321 - Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... post-World War II veterans. 404.1321 Section 404.1321 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY... of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1321 Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans. (a) The 90 days of active service required for post-World War II...

Mathematical models, rational choice, and the search for Cold War culture.

PubMed

Erickson, Paul

2010-06-01

A key feature of the social, behavioral, and biological sciences after World War II has been the widespread adoption of new mathematical techniques drawn from cybernetics, information theory, and theories of rational choice. Historians of science have typically sought to explain this adoption either by reference to military patronage, or to a characteristic Cold War culture or discursive framework strongly shaped by the concerns of national security. This essay explores several episodes in the history of game theory--a mathematical theory of rational choice--that demonstrate the limits of such explanations. Military funding was indeed critical to game theory's early development in the 1940s. However, the theory's subsequent spread across disciplines ranging from political science to evolutionary biology was the result of a diverse collection of debates about the nature of "rationality" and "choice" that marked the Cold War era. These debates are not easily reduced to the national security imperatives that have been the focus of much historiography to date.

Power Lines: The Rhetoric of Maps as Social Change in the Post-Cold War Landscape

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barney, Timothy

2009-01-01

After the fall of the Berlin Wall and the collapse of state socialism in Eastern and Central Europe, cartographers were faced with choices on how the new post-Cold War political landscape would be mapped. One such group called the Pluto Project had been producing atlases since 1981 with a progressive point of view about the nature of state power…

Cold War Agency: The United States and the Failure of the DIEM Experiment

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

2000s to establish democratic regimes in Afghanistan and Iraq reflect an American foreign policy tradition that began at the end of World War II. The...Afghanistan and Iraq reflect an American foreign policy tradition that began at the end of World War II. The pairing of national security interests...Afghanistan and Iraq reflect an American foreign policy tradition that began at the end of World War II. The pairing of national security interests with the

A perspective on the history of health and human rights: from the Cold War to the Gold War.

PubMed

Tarantola, Daniel

2008-04-01

Through the end of the Cold War, public health policies were predominantly shaped and implemented by governments and these same governments committed themselves to meet their obligations for health under international and national laws. The post-Cold War era has witnessed the entry of new actors in public health and the sharing of power and influences with non-state actors, in particular the private sector and interest groups. This article examines the emergence of human rights and the rise of health on the international development agenda as the Cold War was ending. It highlights the convergence of health and human rights in academic and public discourse since the end of the Cold War in a context of political and economic shifts linked to the ongoing economic globalization. It describes opportunities and challenges for greater synergy between health and rights and proposes a role for health practitioners.

Contributions of Psychology to War and Peace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Christie, Daniel J.; Montiel, Cristina J.

2013-01-01

The contributions of American psychologists to war have been substantial and responsive to changes in U.S. national security threats and interests for nearly 100 years. These contributions are identified and discussed for four periods of armed conflict: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the Global War on Terror. In contrast, about 50 years…

United States Intervention in Panama: The Battle Continues

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-11

U. S. presencc in Panama in accbrda~nce with Panama Canal Tra atiuzs, arid; support the Pentagon’s proposed post -cold war concept of retucing the...the Pentagon’s proposed post -cold war concept of reducing the number of unified commands. IDT10TA4 , ADi sr I o L: r 91-01546 9 6 7 064 11111 H11Il01l...success of Operation Just Cause, there were no post -invasion plans for rebuilding :;q - 5 Panama. According to General Frederick Woerner, former

Trade and Technology: Maintaining the U.S.-Japan Security Relationship in the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-12-01

successful foreign firms in Japan which have demonstrated that these barriers can be overcome. For example, Coca - Cola maintains over 80 percent of...was scarce. Japan was the first place MIT’s media lab sought out for sponsorship , which by 1984 was providing approximately $500,000 a year (25...Japan’s cola market; Nestle has garnered 70 percent of the instant coffee market; Schick controls 70 percent of the razor market; and from 1986 to 1989

(Mutual Security Mutual Affluence) Negative Factors = Sustained Stability: A Framework for Establishing Stability Between Like States

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-31

160-163. 2 The Concept of Mutually Assured Destruction (MAD) dates back to the post-WWFI em and the Cold War where the United States and Soviet Unions...United States. Following its defeat in W\\VH, Japan was in shambles. The bombing campaigns left nine million Japanese homeless and three million more...the United States, the Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris in 2015, and the bombings in Istanbul in 2016. Michael Bamier, “From Mutual Assistance to

U.S. Military Arms Sales to Taiwan: Deterrent or Provocation?

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

de facto Sino-U.S. alliance could provide a means of containing the USSR.” See Derek McDougall, The International Politics of the New Asia Pacific...Survey, July/August 2000, vol. 40, no. 4, pp. 622-640. McDougall, Derek . The International Politics of the New Asia Pacific. Boulder: Lynne Rienner...Corporation. E-mail correspondence on 25 & 31 January 2002. Ong , R.C.M. “Japan and China: Security Interest in the Post-Cold War Era.” East Asia

Southeast Asian Perceptions of U.S. Security Policy in the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

of the islands or reefs in the Spratlys as sovereign Bruneian territory, other claimants pose a threat to Bruneian waters , where much of the country’s...Southeast Asian waters . Malaysia has grown very wary of China’s naval expansion and force projection in the South China Sea (Stubbs, 1992: 401...Malaysian territorial waters . Singapore has no formal alliances with the United States, but in January .1992 President Bush and Prime Minister Goh Chok

Beyond Consolidation: U.S. Government International Broadcasting in the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

vii A c kowledgments .......................................... xiii 1. INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 2. THE UNITED STATES IN...military power more generally, is diminishing in relevance, paced by the decline of U.S. economic preponderance. The difference between military and...economic power on the one hand, and political and moral authority on the other hand, has been made starkly clear at the beginning of the post-Cold War era

Through the Glass Darkly. The Unlikely Demise of Great-Power War

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

Biddle ...Cold War,” International Security 15, no. 3 (Winter 1990/91): 54; and Barry R. Posen, “The Security Dilemma and Eth- nic Conflict,” Survival 35, no...2000). for a pessimistic account, see Biddle , Military Power. 20. John Orme, “The Utility of force in a World of Scarcity,” International

FORWARD: DESERTIFICATION IN THE MEDITERRANEAN REGION: A SECURITY ISSUE

EPA Science Inventory

The Workshop focused on two basic concepts: security and desertification and their linkages. Since the end of the Cold War, traditional security concepts based on national sovereignty and territorial security have increasingly been brought under review. Currently, a broader defin...

Nuclear Weapons and Communication Studies: A Review Essay.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Bryan C.

1998-01-01

Reviews the body of work inspired by the late Cold War period, where nuclear weapons briefly became a compelling object for communication scholars. Considers the prospects for nuclear communication scholarship in post-Cold War culture. Discusses "nuclear criticism" and issues regarding the bomb in communication. (SC)

World War II, post-war reconstruction and British women chemists.

PubMed

Horrocks, Sally

2011-07-01

This paper draws on evidence from a range of sources to consider the extent to which World War II served as a turning point in the employment opportunities open to women chemists in Britain. It argues that wartime conditions expanded women's access to some areas of employment, but that these opportunities represented, in many ways, an expansion of existing openings rather than wholly new ones, and not all of them proved permanent. Instead, women chemists benefited more permanently from increased state expenditure on higher education and on research and development after the war. This enabled some women to remain in what had originally been temporary wartime posts and others to secure employment in wholly new positions. Women were most successful in securing positions created by the expansion of state welfare and support for agriculture, but also found new employment opportunities as a result of the heavy investment in weapons development that accelerated with the advent of the Cold War. In higher education, an initial expansion of openings was not sustained, and the proportion of women in university chemistry departments actually fell during the second half of the 1950s. Industry presents a rather ambiguous picture, with many firms continuing to refuse to employ women chemists, whereas elsewhere they enjoyed enhanced opportunities and better salaries than those offered before the war. This did not mean, however, that women chemists received equal treatment to their male colleagues, and, despite the changes, they remained concentrated in subordinate positions and were expected to concentrate on routine work. Prospects in the 1950s were certainly better than they had been during the 1930s, but they remained strongly gendered.

Greed and Grievance and Drug Cartels: Mexico’s Commercial Insurgency

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

impunity as signs the problem has grown beyond mere organized crime. 23 As Sullivan and Elkus summarize, The fragmented and post ideological quality...are likely to dominate the post -Cold War world. Spiritual insurgency is the descent of the Cold War-era revolutionary insurgency. It will be driven by...the legitimacy of the organization as, “the de facto authority… [guaranteeing] living conditions for its inhabitants.”61 In areas where the

Essays on Strategy VII

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

framework for a post -Cold War strategy, but rather to give examples of the elements such a strategy might con- tain, as well as some suggestions of...aspects of our national strategy. We are, for example , rcvising our conception of the Warsaw Pact nations as a single entity and our perception of...imaginatively with the issues of the post -Cold War period. One of them addresses general US strategy for the 1990s. Three focus on high-level strategic

Fulcrum of Power: Essays on the United States Air Force and National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

ARNOLD, THE ATOMIC BOMB, AND THE SURRENDER OF JAPAN 63 TH E POSTWAR WOR LD THE QUIET VICTORY 77 THE STRATEGIC WORLD OF 1946 91 PLANNING AND ORGANIZING...ROLES AN D MISS IONS THE DEFENSE UNIFICATION BATTLE, 1947–50 153 THE BATTLE OF THE B–36 167 THE QUIET COUP OF 1949 179 v TH E KOR EAN WAR TRUMAN’S WAR...191 THE FIRST FIVE YEARS OF THE FIRST 50 203 TH E COLD WAR THE BLUEPRINT FOR COLD WAR DEFENSE 217 THE NEW LOOK IN RETROSPECT 225 SCIENTISTS, POLITICS

20 CFR 404.1322 - Post-World War II service included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Post-World War II service included. 404.1322 Section 404.1322 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1322 Post-World War II...

20 CFR 404.1323 - Post-World War II service excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Post-World War II service excluded. 404.1323 Section 404.1323 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1323 Post-World War II...

United States and environmental security: Deforestation and conflict in southeast Asia. Master's thesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Greenwald, P.T.

In the post Cold War era, the East-West conflict may be succeeded by a new confrontation which pits an industrialized North against a developing South. In June 1992, world attention was fixed on the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro. This event marked a milestone in global environmental awareness; but just as the end of the Cold War has provided new opportunities for the US, the world is now faced with new sources of conflict which have advanced to the forefront of the national security debate. Among the new sources of conflict, environmental problems are rapidly becoming preeminent. Within nationalmore » security debates, those environmental problems which respect no international boundary are of particular concern. Worldwide deforestation, and the related issues of global warming and the loss of biodiversity, represent a clear threat to national security. Two percent of the Earth's rainforests are lost each year; one 'football field' is lost each second. Deforestation has already led to conflict and instability within several regions of the world including Southeast Asia. The United States must recognize the character and dynamics of these new sources of conflict in order to successfully realize its policy aims in national security. The US should preempt conflict through cooperation and develop a shared concern for the environment throughout the world. The US military may play a key role in this effort. Rainforest, Deforestation, Tropical timber, Logging, Southeast Asia, Philippines, Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Burma, Laos, Japan Cambodia, Vietnam, Human rights, Plywood, Pulp, Paper, World Bank, U.S. Agency for International Development.« less

History of U.S. Nuclear Weapons Doctrine and a Path Forward

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chyba, Christopher

2007-04-01

During the Cold War, the United States considered a number of approaches for living in a world with nuclear weapons, including disarmament, preventive war, the incorporation of nuclear weapons into military strategy, passive and active defense, and deterrence. With the failure of early approaches to disarmament, and the rejection of preventive war against the Soviet Union (and later, China), deterrence became central to key nuclear relationships, though arms control continued to play an important role. The nuclear nonproliferation treaty made preventing the further spread of nuclear weapons another central component of U.S. policy. The Bush Administration has tried to devise a new policy for the post-Cold War period. Their approach has three salient pillars. First, it is characterized by an overall skepticism toward multilateral agreements, on the grounds that bad actors will not obey them, that agreements can lead to a false sense of security, and that such agreements are too often a way for the Lilliputians of the world to tie down Gulliver. The March 2005 U.S. National Defense Strategy declared that U.S. strength ``will continue to be challenged by those who employ a strategy of the weak, using international fora, judicial processes and terrorism.'' Second, the Bush Administration declared its intention to maintain a military dominance so great that other states simply would not try to catch up. The 2002 National Security Strategy states that ``Our forces will be strong enough to dissuade potential adversaries from pursuing a military build-up in hopes of surpassing, or equaling, the power of the United States.'' Third, the 2002 National Security Strategy (reaffirmed by the 2006 National Security Strategy) moved preventive war (which the strategies called ``preemptive war'') to a central position, rather than deterrence and nonproliferation. In part this was because of the claim that certain ``rogue'' states, and terrorist groups, were not deterrable. This talk will sketch this history, discuss the approach of the Bush Administration in more detail and assess its successes and failures, and suggest the lines of a new approach to U.S. nuclear weapons policy for the coming decades. This approach will follow that outlined in George Bunn and Christopher Chyba (eds.), ``U.S. Nuclear Weapons Policy: Confronting Today's Threats'' (Brookings, 2006, 340 pp.).

The Post-Cold War Force-Sizing Debate: Paradigms, Metaphors, and Disconnects

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

Lynn D . Pullen, John Y. Schrader, and Michael D . Swaine, A New Strategy and Fewer Forces: The Pacifu: Dimension. RAND, R -4089/2- USDP, 1992. 80...and Forces, Vol. II. RAND, N-3098/2-DAG, October 1990. Wohlstetter, Roberta, Pearl Harbor: Warning and Decision. Stan- ford: Stanford University Press, 1962. RAN D / R -4243-JS ...The Post-Cold War Force-Sizing Debate Paradigms, Metaphors, and Disconnects James A. Winnefeld RAN D I NATIONAL DEFENSE RESEARCH INSTITUTE

20 CFR 404.1363 - Treatment of social security benefits or payments where Federal benefit payable other than by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...-sum death payment based on World War II or post-World War II wage credits after we receive notice from... War II or post-World War II active service, our payments to you are erroneous to the extent the payments are based on the World War II or post-World War II wage credits. The payments are erroneous...

20 CFR 404.1363 - Treatment of social security benefits or payments where Federal benefit payable other than by...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...-sum death payment based on World War II or post-World War II wage credits after we receive notice from... War II or post-World War II active service, our payments to you are erroneous to the extent the payments are based on the World War II or post-World War II wage credits. The payments are erroneous...

Peace and security in Northeast Asia: The nuclear issue and the Korean Peninsula

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kihl, Y.W.; Hayes, P.; Scalapino, R.A.

1996-01-01

Korean security was the focus of world-wide attention and concern in 1993--95 with North Korea's 'suspected' nuclear weapons program. Dubbed by some as the first post-Cold War nuclear crisis, it was triggered by the United Nations Security Council's move to impose economic sanctions on North Korea. Although the immediate crisis was defused diplomatically, the nuclear time bomb continues to tick on the Korean peninsula, and the issues remain under close international surveillance. This important book examines North Korea's nuclear controversy from a variety of perspectives, including nuclear reactor technology and technology transfer, economic sanctions and incentives, strategic calculus and confidence-buildingmore » measures, the major powers, and environmental challenges that a nuclear-free zone in Korea will present.« less

Senate and INF ratification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jones, D.T.

1992-11-16

The Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty represented one of the first major accomplishments of the post-cold war era. In contrast to all arms control agreements which preceded it, INF resulted in the elimination of a whole category of weapons systems. The author describes and analyzes many issues which impinged on the Senate ratification process and stimulated intense political debate. In addition to national and international security questions, these issues involved constitutional, political, jurisdictional, and bureaucratic factors. The author concludes with lessons and recommendations for more expeditious ratification for future agreements.

Post-cold war United Nations peacekeeping operations: a review of the case for a hybrid level 2+ medical treatment facility.

PubMed

Johnson, Ralph Jay

2015-01-01

Post-Cold War, UN peacekeeping operations (UN PKOs) have become larger, more mobile, multi-faceted and conducted over vast areas of remote, rugged, and harsh geography. They have been increasingly involved in dangerous areas with ill-defined boundaries, simmering internecine armed conflict, and disregard on the part of some local parties for peacekeepers' security and role. Yet progressively there have been expectations of financial restraint and austerity. Additionally, UN PKOs have become more "robust," that is, engaged in preemptive, assertive operations. A statistically positive and significant relationship exists between missions' size, complexity, remoteness, and aggressive tenor and a higher probability of trauma or death, especially as a result of hostile actions or disease. Therefore, in the interest of "force protection" and optimizing operations, a key component of UN PKOs is health care and medical treatment. The expectation is that UN PKO medical support must conform to the general intent and structure of current UN PKOs to become more streamlined, portable, mobile, compartmentalized, and specialized, but also more varied and complex to address the medical aspects of these missions cost-efficiently. This article contends that establishing a hybrid level 2-a level 2 with level 3 modules and components (i.e., level 2+)-is a viable course of action when considering trends in the medical aspects of Post-Cold War UN PKOs. A level 2 medical treatment facility has the potential to provide needed forward mobile medical treatment, especially trauma care, for extended, complex, large-scale, and comprehensive UN PKOs. This is particularly the case for missions that include humanitarian outreach, preventive medicine, and psychiatry. The level 2 treatment facility is flexible enough to expand into a hybrid level 2+ with augmentation of modules based on changes in mission requirements and variation in medical aspects.

Historic Context and Building Assessments for the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory Built Environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ullrich, R. A.; Sullivan, M. A.

2007-09-14

This document was prepared to support u.s. Department of Energy / National Nuclear Security Agency (DOE/NNSA) compliance with Sections 106 and 110 of the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA). Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL) is a DOE/NNSA laboratory and is engaged in determining the historic status of its properties at both its main site in Livermore, California, and Site 300, its test site located eleven miles from the main site. LLNL contracted with the authors via Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) to prepare a historic context statement for properties at both sites and to provide assessments of those properties of potentialmore » historic interest. The report contains an extensive historic context statement and the assessments of individual properties and groups of properties determined, via criteria established in the context statement, to be of potential interest. The historic context statement addresses the four contexts within which LLNL falls: Local History, World War II History (WWII), Cold War History, and Post-Cold War History. Appropriate historic preservation themes relevant to LLNL's history are delineated within each context. In addition, thresholds are identified for historic significance within each of the contexts based on the explication and understanding of the Secretary of the Interior's Guidelines for determining eligibility for the National Register of Historic Places. The report identifies specific research areas and events in LLNL's history that are of interest and the portions of the built environment in which they occurred. Based on that discussion, properties of potential interest are identified and assessments of them are provided. Twenty individual buildings and three areas of potential historic interest were assessed. The final recommendation is that, of these, LLNL has five individual historic buildings, two sets of historic objects, and two historic districts eligible for the National Register. All are eligible within the Cold War History context. They are listed in the table below, along with the Cold War preservation theme, period of significance, and criterion under which they are eligible.« less

Turkey: Thwarted Ambition

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

t i o n A t the end of the Cold War every country was forced to re- examine the fundamental assumptions that had formed their security policies...for the last 45 years. Among the "victors" of the Cold War, few countries were faced with a more disparate set of new circumstances than Turkey...and cultural influence. It is this feature that makes Turkey sui generis and therefore such a difficult country to classify. Hence, while Mustafa

Teaching Foreign Policy in the Post-Cold War Era. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Graseck, Susan

This ERIC Digest discusses issues relating to teaching about U.S. foreign policy in the changing international environment following the end of the Cold War era and the disintegration of the Soviet Union. The document treats: (1) the need and rationale for teaching and learning about current foreign policy issues; (2) main themes in foreign policy…

A Study on the PRC-DPRK Alliance: Focusing on Historical Development of Alliance

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

contrast to their old relationship during the Cold War period. The purpose of this study is to predict how changes in the bilateral relationship ...certain is that it has fundamentally changed in contrast to their old relationship during the Cold War period. The purpose of this study is to...predict how changes in the bilateral relationship between China and the DPRK will affect the international security environment in the near future

Secrecy and Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galison, Peter

2010-02-01

Secrecy in matters of national defense goes back far past antiquity. But our modern form of national secrecy owes a huge amount to a the large scale, systematic, and technical system of scientific secrecy that began in the Radar and Manhattan Projects of World War II and came to its current form in the Cold War. Here I would like to capture some of this trajectory and to present some of the paradoxes and deep conundrums that our secrecy system offers us in the Post-Cold War world. )

20 CFR 404.1342 - Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits. 404.1342 Section 404.1342 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1342 Limits on granting World War...

20 CFR 404.1342 - Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits. 404.1342 Section 404.1342 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1342 Limits on granting World War...

20 CFR 404.1342 - Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits. 404.1342 Section 404.1342 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1342 Limits on granting World War...

20 CFR 404.1342 - Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits. 404.1342 Section 404.1342 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1342 Limits on granting World War...

Coercion and Reconciliation: Post-Conflict Resolution After the American Civil War

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited Coercion and Reconciliation: Post -Conflict Resolution After the American Civil War A...Reconciliation: Post -Conflict Resolution After 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER The American Civil War 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6...policies. The conclusion is that during post -conflict resolution, having a moderate coercive body to maintain security, while allowing for political

20 CFR 404.1320 - Who is a post-World War II veteran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who is a post-World War II veteran. 404.1320 Section 404.1320 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1320 Who is a post-Worl...

"We all go a little mad sometimes": Alfred Hitchcock, American psychoanalysis, and the construction of the Cold War psychopath.

PubMed

Genter, Robert

2010-01-01

This article explores the image of the psychopath in Alfred Hitchcock’s 1960 film Psycho. The famed director’s portrayal of a psychologically damaged young man connected with a much larger discussion over political and sexual deviance in the early Cold War, a discussion that cantered on the image of the psychopath as the dominant threat to national security and that played upon normative assumptions about adolescent development and mother-son relations.

Science and Public Policy since World War II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rossiter, Margaret W.

1985-01-01

Discusses: material/personnel shortages and surpluses around 1950; federal aid to nonmilitary research; loyalty oaths and security checks; rise of the behavioral sciences; science education, from the Cold War to creationism; antinuclear protests and the limited test ban treaty, 1954-1963; Sputnik and the space program; and health, safety, and…

Special Issue on University Nonproliferation Education and Training Introduction.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Leek, K. M.

2006-07-31

Nonproliferation, like many aspects of security, has not played out as many expected following the end of the cold war. The peace dividend has been elusive in many countries. The notion that the world would become a safer and more secure place as nuclear weapons stockpiles were reduced has been trumped by the rise in international terrorism. Hopes that nuclear weapons would lose their salience as markers of elite status among nations along with pressures to acquire them have been dashed. The drive by some countries and terrorist groups to acquire nuclear weapons has not diminished, and the threat ofmore » proliferation has increased. At the level of the nation state, the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) itself is under pressure as more nations acquire nuclear weapons, de facto weapons states fail to join, and nations that want to acquire them leave or threaten to leave. At the sub-state level, the convergence of terrorism and weapons of mass destruction (WMD) has introduced an element of uncertainty into nonproliferation that is unprecedented. Another feature of the post-cold war era that has taken many by surprise is the continued, and growing need for trained specialists in nonproliferation and nuclear materials management. Contained within the notion of disarmament and reduced strategic importance of nuclear weapons was the expectation of a diminishing workforce of trained nonproliferation and nuclear materials specialists. Events have overtaken this assumption.« less

Russian perspectives: The past shapes the present

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Houck, R.P.

1994-11-01

This document contains an outline of a speech given to a group of professionals at Pacific Northwest Laboratory which was intended to give an unbiased view of Soviet perceptions. Topics discussed include: The new mission of US and Soviet labs and institutions to develop products and dedicate research to post cold war threat, historical prospectives of Russia, Russian military roles and missions, ideology of Russian politics, evils of capitalism, Russian civil war, communism, world war II, Russian losses during the war, the cold war, reasons why America should care what happens in Russia, the internal threat against a market-based economy,more » the US should help, and the Russian people and their attitudes.« less

The New Geopolitics of Educational Aid: From Cold Wars to Holy Wars?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novelli, Mario

2010-01-01

The paper explores shifts in the nature, volume, trajectory and content of aid to education in the wake of post-9/11 Western preoccupations with the rise of Islamic radicalism. The paper develops a framework for understanding the dynamics of how educational aid appears to be becoming increasingly politicized in strategic conflict and post-conflict…

20 CFR 404.1321 - Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Ninety-day active service requirement for post-World War II veterans. 404.1321 Section 404.1321 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II...

Counter-Intelligence as a Chaotic Phenomenon and Its Importance in National Security

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuloğlu, Gökhan; Gül, Zakir; Erçetin, Şefika Şule

In today's rapidly changing globalized world, remarkably fast and important developments have been faced in the area of national security as in almost all other areas. Advancements in communication and transportation technologies have removed physical boundaries almost completely. National security institutions now have to fight against new and complicated security threats that go beyond the boundaries such as organized crimes and terror crimes. These ever-changing threats and dangerous environment which become more and more complex every single day force nations to review their current security structures and to take new and effective measures in the required areas in order to ensure their national security. As a matter of fact, counter-intelligence, which was quite important due to the frequency of spying acts during the Cold War but lost its importance after the Cold War had ended, has been one of these measures. Today, counterintelligence has once again become one of the most important functions in the fight against national security threats with changing dimensions. It is only possible for a nation to ensure its national security fully by having not only a defensive and passive approach but also offensive counter-intelligence.

European Security in the Balkans: The Case of Macedonia

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

for the Republic of Macedonia; it is the problem of the European Union as well, due to the historical fact that the European Great Powers had...integration of Bulgaria and Romania in the European Union was based on the short term political interests of the EU - to create a safe ring toward... Union in the Security of Europe: From Cold War to Terror War, 117. 28 Nicola Guy, The Birth of Albania, “Ethnic Nationalism, the Great Powers of World

Sweden After the Cold War: Implications for US Regional Strategies

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-09-01

transient threats to common interests rather than formal alliance structures." [Ref. 3:p. 9] Such was the case in the recent Gulf War. But as Colonel...European Union, Sweden will participate fully in the common security and foreign policy which was laid down in the Maastricht Treaty... A "policy of...34defense policy": The EC is developing in the direction for a European Union, with a common security and foreign policy, and possibly a common

National Security Mission, Members and Budgeting in the United States and Australia: A Comparative Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

States meant keeping Britain at bay and preventing it from reclaiming her former colonies. Throughout most of the 19th century , the United States was...Training Centre SMR Senior Ministers‘ Review SWNCC State-War-Navy Coordinating Committee USCNS/21 U.S. Committee on National Security/21st Century ...A. INTRODUCTION The 21st century has shepherded in a new era of threats. Long gone are the days of the Cold War, where the enemy is a known

20 CFR 404.1342 - Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits. 404.1342 Section 404.1342 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits...

20 CFR 404.1340 - Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans. 404.1340 Section 404.1340 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and...

Spanish-American War to Vietnam: Booklet 4. Critical Thinking in American History. Teacher's Guide, Source Envelope, [and Student Manual].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Reilly, Kevin

These curriculum materials in U.S. history are part of a series designed to teach critical thinking skills systematically. The teacher's guide presents a series of supplementary ready-to-use lesson plans for teaching high school students about the Spanish-American War, the Depression era, the cold war, and post-World War II issues. The…

The biomedicalisation of war and military remains: US nuclear worker compensation in the 'post-Cold War'.

PubMed

Krupar, Shiloh

2013-01-01

This paper analyses the recent legislation and administration of United States nuclear worker compensation--the Energy Employees Occupational Illness Compensation Programme Act (EEOICPA)--in order to show the domestic impacts of war and the social order that has been established to respond to the Cold War legacy of occupational exposures, illness, and death. Examining the epistemological politics and material effects of compensation, an insufficiently analysed aspect of the Cold War, I argue that the system designed to redress the occupational exposures of nuclear workers accomplishes something else: obscuring the ethical problem of misinformation and missing data from the Cold War era; mobilising an industry of knowledge and market-economic opportunities in the arena of biomedical exposure assessment and dose reconstruction for parts of the former US nuclear complex; and, lastly, dematerialising and depoliticising geographies of the Cold War and its differential impacts through an individualistic epidemiological reprocessing of radiation exposures. The paper shows how the general claims procedure, combined with two methods mandated by EEOICPA--dose reconstruction and the probability of causation--effectively de-link workers from each other, and worksites from homes, pin compensation to a cost-benefit logic, implicate genuine scientific complexity and uncertainty in an ongoing denial of the toxic legacies of war, and ethically undermine the social justice aims of the legislation. The article ends by considering some of the ways that US nuclear workers have responded to living as the remains of both US bomb production and the compensation system.

Politics of resistance and accommodation: managing refugee and immigrant movements in the post-Cold War era.

PubMed

Soguk, N

1995-04-01

"In recent years, the refugee and immigrant phenomena have unmistakably come to the fore. Enormous political, social, and technological changes, transformations, and numerous ethnic conflicts trigger mass movements of people in search of ¿better' and ¿safer' places.... Refugee and immigrant movements have both resistant (disruptive) and accommodative (recuperative) effects on a range of relations and institutions--community, citizenship, democracy, and welfare--that lie at the heart of a stable and secure national governance in the West. Responses to refugee and immigrant movements are thus significant in their implications for national polities and their governance in the future." excerpt

European Security & Russia: A Workshop at CNAC, 13 April 2001

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-07-01

Agricultural Policy , a dubious prospect. A half-hearted US commitment to Europe would be another ingredi- ent for continued drift. US withdrawal might... Agricultural Policy , had the responsibility for guaran- teeing European security throughout the Cold War. The prospective members ofboth NATO and the EU in

20 CFR 404.1343 - When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. 404.1343 Section 404.1343 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL OLD-AGE, SURVIVORS AND DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services...

Romania and the New Cold War Security Challenges

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

social media with deep economic repercussions. The continuous changes in the Eastern Europe have a great influence on the Romanian security...environment, raising many challenges for the decision makers. This study tried to decipher this security paradigm, unfolding the Russian economic , political...and military unrest, magnified by the modern era domains such as informational, cyber and social media with deep economic repercussions. The

Biological warfare warriors, secrecy and pure science in the Cold War: how to understand dialogue and the classifications of science.

PubMed

Bud, Robert

2014-01-01

This paper uses a case study from the Cold War to reflect on the meaning at the time of the term 'Pure Science'. In 1961, four senior scientists from Britain's biological warfare centre at Porton Down visited Moscow both attending an International Congress and visiting Russian microbiological and biochemical laboratories. The reports of the British scientists in talking about a limited range of topics encountered in the Soviet Union expressed qualities of openness, sociologists of the time associated with pure science. The paper reflects on the discourses of "Pure Science", secrecy and security in the Cold War. Using Bakhtin's approach, I suggest the cordial communication between scientists from opposing sides can be seen in terms of the performance, or speaking, of one language among several at their disposal. Pure science was the language they were allowed to share outside their institutions, and indeed political blocs.

Thinking about Our Future: War, Society, and the Environment. A Series of Lesson Plans.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harik, Ramsay M.

This packet of 11 lesson plans is designed to help high school social studies classes examine socio-political issues facing the post-Cold War world. Though its multi-disciplinary approach touches upon a number of current topics, the packet's particular focus is on the wide-ranging impact of war and militarism on the planet's growing ecological…

Cold War America, 1946 to 1990. Almanacs of American Life.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gregory, Ross

This book offers an in-depth look at U.S. culture during a 45-year period when the threat of nuclear war loomed over millions worldwide, and post-World War II ideological tensions took form as an ever-deepening chasm separating two superpowers, the United States and the Soviet Union. The book finds that the national and global societies that…

The lab and the land: overcoming the Arctic in Cold War Alaska.

PubMed

Farish, Matthew

2013-03-01

The militarization of Alaska during and after World War II created an extraordinary set of new facilities. But it also reshaped the imaginative role of Alaska as a hostile environment, where an antagonistic form of nature could be defeated with the appropriate combination of technology and training. One of the crucial sites for this reformulation was the Arctic Aeromedical Laboratory, based at Ladd Air Force Base in Fairbanks. In the first two decades of the Cold War, its employees conducted numerous experiments on acclimatization and survival. The laboratory is now best known for an infamous set of tests involving the application of radioactive tracers to indigenous Alaskans--experiments publicized by post-Cold War panels established to evaluate the tragic history of atomic-era human subject research. But little else has been written about the laboratory's relationship with the populations and landscapes that it targeted for study. This essay presents the laboratory as critical to Alaska's history and the history of the Cold War sciences. A consideration of the laboratory's various projects also reveals a consistent fascination with race. Alaskan Natives were enrolled in experiments because their bodies were understood to hold clues to the mysteries of northern nature. A scientific solution would aid American military campaigns not only in Alaska, but in cold climates everywhere.

After the Cold War: A New Calculus for Science and Security

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallerstein, Mitchel

2003-01-01

Just more than twenty years ago, the author had the privilege of directing a National Academy of Sciences panel that issued a report entitled "Scientific Communication and National Security," known informally as the Corson Report, after Dale Corson, the panel's chair and president emeritus of Cornell University. Thus, for him, today's discussions…

Iran and Iraq - the proliferation challenge. Strategic research report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jordan, F.R.

1996-04-15

Worldwide proliferation of weapons of mass destruction and ballistic missiles has been on the rise since the end of the Cold War. This escalation has brought a new set of challenges to post-Cold War strategists and policymakers. This study focus on the impact of nuclear proliferation in the Middle East. It assesses the possibility of Iran`s and Iraq`s ability to develop a nuclear capability within the next twenty to thirty years. United States` strategy and policy to counter this potential is also considered.

Creativity, Freedom and the Crash: How the Concept of Creativity Was Used as a Bulwark against Communism during the Cold War, and as a Means to Reconcile Individuals to Neoliberalism Prior to the Great Recession

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, Sophie

2013-01-01

At first glance, creativity in the classroom and global capitalism have little in common, yet scratch beneath the surface of "creativity" and we find a discourse of economic and cultural freedom that was used as a bulwark against communism during the Cold War, and more recently to reconcile individuals to neoliberalism in the post-Cold…

Family systems approach to attachment relations, war trauma, and mental health among Palestinian children and parents.

PubMed

Punamäki, Raija-Leena; Qouta, Samir R; Peltonen, Kirsi

2017-01-01

Background : Trauma affects the family unit as a whole; however, most existing research uses individual or, at most, dyadic approaches to analyse families with histories of trauma. Objective : This study aims to identify potentially distinct family types according to attachment, parenting, and sibling relations, to analyse how these family types differ with respect to war trauma, and to explore how children's mental health and cognitive processing differ across these family types. Method: Participants included Palestinian mothers and fathers ( N  = 325) and their children (one per family; 49.4% girls; 10-13 years old; mean ±  SD age = 11.35 ± 0.57 years) after the Gaza War of 2008-2009. Both parents reported their exposure to war trauma, secure attachment availability, and parenting practices, as well as the target child's internalizing and externalizing symptoms [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)]. Children reported their symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (on the Children's Revised Impact Event Scale), depression (Birleson), and SDQ, as well as their post-traumatic cognitions (Children's Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory). Results: A cluster analysis identified four family types. The largest type reflected secure attachment and optimal relationships (security and positive family relationships, 36.2%, n  = 102), and the smallest exhibited insecurity and problematic relationships (insecurity and negative family relationships, 15.6%; n  = 44). Further, families with discrepant experiences (23.0%; n  = 65) and moderate security and neutral relationships (25.2%; n  = 71) emerged. The insecurity and negative relationships family type showed higher levels of war trauma; internalizing, externalizing, and depressive symptoms among children; and dysfunctional post-traumatic cognitions than other family types. Conclusion: The family systems approach to mental health is warranted in war conditions, and therapeutic interventions for children should, thus, also involve parents and siblings. Knowledge of unique family attachment patterns is fruitful for tailoring therapeutic treatments and preventive interventions for war-affected children and families.

Future Role of Fire Service in Homeland Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

to fight terrorism (Office of the President, 2007). In his letter to Americans in which he introduced the NSHS, President Bush explained that...structures struggling to fight non-state terrorists operating without clearly defined leadership. Furthermore, according to James R. Locker III...learned from World War II and designed to fight the Cold War. Current exposure to terrorism and terrorist cells is vastly different 16 from

Impacts of Psychological Science on National Security Agencies Post-9/11

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brandon, Susan E.

2011-01-01

Psychologists have been an integral part of national security agencies since World War I, when psychological science helped in personnel selection. A robust infrastructure supporting wider applications of psychology to military and intelligence problems developed further during World War II and the years following, primarily in the areas of…

Exploring Greenland: science and technology in Cold War settings.

PubMed

Heymann, Matthias; Knudsen, Henrik; Lolck, Maiken L; Nielsen, Henry; Nielsen, Kristian H; Ries, Christopher J

2010-01-01

This paper explores a vacant spot in the Cold War history of science: the development of research activities in the physical environmental sciences and in nuclear science and technology in Greenland. In the post-war period, scientific exploration of the polar areas became a strategically important element in American and Soviet defence policy. Particularly geophysical fields like meteorology, geology, seismology, oceanography, and others profited greatly from military interest. While Denmark maintained formal sovereignty over Greenland, research activities were strongly dominated by U.S. military interests. This paper sets out to summarize the limited current state of knowledge about activities in the environmental physical sciences in Greenland and their entanglement with military, geopolitical, and colonial interests of both the USA and Denmark. We describe geophysical research in the Cold War in Greenland as a multidimensional colonial endeavour. In a period of decolonization after World War II, Greenland, being a Danish colony, became additionally colonized by the American military. Concurrently, in a period of emerging scientific internationalism, the U.S. military "colonized" geophysical research in the Arctic, which increasingly became subject to military directions, culture, and rules.

28. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

28. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is located at Fort Hood) building section & wall sections, plan number PE 1264.1 - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

31. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

31. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is located at Fort Hood) concrete dock details, plan number PE 1265.1 - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

34. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is located at Fort Hood) electrical riser plan, plan number PE 1268.2 - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

29. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

29. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is located at Fort Hood) building section & details, plan number PE 1264.2 - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

Memorandum of a Conference with President Eisenhower after Sputnik. The Constitution Community: Postwar United States (1945 to Early 1970s).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Traill, David

After World War II ended in 1945, the United States and the Soviet Union (USSR) emerged as the two dominant countries in the post-war world. An arms race began, and this constant pursuit for respect and supremacy was called the Cold War. On October 4, 1957, the USSR launched the world's first intercontinental ballistic missile, with the first…

Swedish Defence Acquisition Transformation: A Research Agenda

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-13

presentation • A small country perspective • The swinging pendulum : “From preparedness to deployment to preparedness?” – or “from national defence to PSOs to...history of war The swinging (political) pendulum • A. 200 years of peace – Standing in preparedness • B. Post Cold War – Deployed on PSOs • C

Superpower nuclear minimalism in the post-Cold War era

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graben, E.K.

1992-07-01

With the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union, the strategic environment has fundamentally changed, so it would seem logical to reexamine strategy as well. There are two main schools of nuclear strategic thought: a maximalist school, which emphasizes counterforce superiority and nuclear war-fighting capability, and a MAD-plus school, which emphasizes survivability of an assured destruction capability along with the ability to deliver small, limited nuclear attacks in the event that conflict occurs. The MAD-plus strategy is the more logical of the two strategies, because the maximalist strategy is based on an attempt to conventionalizemore » nuclear weapons which is unrealistic.« less

Superpower nuclear minimalism in the post-Cold War era?. Revised

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graben, E.K.

1992-07-01

With the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union, the strategic environment has fundamentally changed, so it would seem logical to reexamine strategy as well. There are two main schools of nuclear strategic thought: a maximalist school, which emphasizes counterforce superiority and nuclear war-fighting capability, and a MAD-plus school, which emphasizes survivability of an assured destruction capability along with the ability to deliver small, limited nuclear attacks in the event that conflict occurs. The MAD-plus strategy is the more logical of the two strategies, because the maximalist strategy is based on an attempt to conventionalizemore » nuclear weapons which is unrealistic.« less

Reexamining Fourth Generation War as a Paradigm for Future War

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-04

Kuhn’s theory, a paradigm shift in science has far-reaching effects on the broader world . 4GW theorists embrace this aspect of Kuhn’s “paradigm...with the perplexing and hostile challenges of the chaotic post-Cold War world for which the ‘rules’ have not yet been written. The three-block war...events within its framework. In short, it was ready-made for military officers seeking a unifying frame for understanding the world and their experiences

The Politics of Identity: History, Nationalism, and the Prospect for Peace in Post-Cold War East Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

Gerow, “Fantasies of War and Nation in Recent Japanese Cinema ,” Japan Focus, accessed at www.japanfocus.org/ products/details/1707J, p. 5. In his...about their country’s remarkable economic resurgence after the Korean War. President Bush was referring to the recent anti- Japanese protests in...interests, the emotional debates surrounding 3 the history of World War II and Japanese colonialism are treated as mere shibboleths of competing elites

77 FR 43117 - Meeting of the Cold War Advisory Committee for the Cold War Theme Study

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

... the Cold War Advisory Committee for the Cold War Theme Study AGENCY: National Park Service, Interior... Committee Act, 5 U.S.C. Appendix, that the Cold War Advisory Committee for the Cold War Theme Study will... National Park Service (NPS) concerning the Cold War Theme Study. DATES: The teleconference meeting will be...

33. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

33. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is located at Fort Hood) electric plan & light fixture schedule, plan number PE 1268.1 - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

32. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

32. Photographic copy of the Post Engineer drawing (original is located at Fort Hood) compressor, evaporative condenser & unit cooler schedules, plan number PE 1268 - Fort Hood, World War II Temporary Buildings, Cold Storage Building, Seventeenth Street, Killeen, Bell County, TX

The post-millennium development goals agenda: include 'end to all wars' as a public health goal!

PubMed

Jayasinghe, Saroj

2014-09-01

The process of identifying global post-millennium development goals (post-MDGs) has begun in earnest. Consensus is emerging in certain areas (e.g. eliminating poverty) and conflicts and violence are recognized as key factors that retard human development. However, current discussions focus on tackling intra-state conflicts and individual-based violence and hardly mention eliminating wars as a goal. Wars create public health catastrophes. They kill, maim, displace and affect millions. Inter-state wars fuel intra-state conflicts and violence. The peace agenda should not be the monopoly of the UN Security Council, and the current consensus-building process setting the post-MDG agenda is a rallying point for the global community. The human rights approach will not suffice to eliminate wars, because few are fought to protect human rights. The development agenda should therefore commit to eliminating all wars by 2030. Targets to reduce tensions and discourage wars should be included. We should act now. © The Author(s) 2014.

The Future of Nuclear Archaeology: Reducing Legacy Risks of Weapons Fissile Material

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wood, Thomas W.; Reid, Bruce D.; Toomey, Christopher M.

2014-01-01

This report describes the value proposition for a "nuclear archeological" technical capability and applications program, targeted at resolving uncertainties regarding fissile materials production and use. At its heart, this proposition is that we can never be sure that all fissile material is adequately secure without a clear idea of what "all" means, and that uncertainty in this matter carries risk. We argue that this proposition is as valid today, under emerging state and possible non-state nuclear threats, as it was in an immediate post-Cold-War context, and describe how nuclear archeological methods can be used to verify fissile materials declarations, ormore » estimate and characterize historical fissile materials production independently of declarations.« less

Book Analysis of Containing the Soviet Union.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

30:239) The hardline "cold war internationalists" might caution against the lesson of Munich--"That appeasement leads to war and that tardy ...is exploiting turbulence to "weaken the United States and expand its own interests." (30:234) Potential problem areas include the Philippines , Mexico...like Central America, vital to American security, is threatened by Soviet surrogates; or an area like the Philippines , vital to the regional balance of

Family systems approach to attachment relations, war trauma, and mental health among Palestinian children and parents

PubMed Central

Punamäki, Raija-Leena; Qouta, Samir R.; Peltonen, Kirsi

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: Trauma affects the family unit as a whole; however, most existing research uses individual or, at most, dyadic approaches to analyse families with histories of trauma. Objective: This study aims to identify potentially distinct family types according to attachment, parenting, and sibling relations, to analyse how these family types differ with respect to war trauma, and to explore how children’s mental health and cognitive processing differ across these family types. Method: Participants included Palestinian mothers and fathers (N = 325) and their children (one per family; 49.4% girls; 10–13 years old; mean ± SD age = 11.35 ± 0.57 years) after the Gaza War of 2008–2009. Both parents reported their exposure to war trauma, secure attachment availability, and parenting practices, as well as the target child’s internalizing and externalizing symptoms [Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ)]. Children reported their symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (on the Children’s Revised Impact Event Scale), depression (Birleson), and SDQ, as well as their post-traumatic cognitions (Children’s Post Traumatic Cognitions Inventory). Results: A cluster analysis identified four family types. The largest type reflected secure attachment and optimal relationships (security and positive family relationships, 36.2%, n = 102), and the smallest exhibited insecurity and problematic relationships (insecurity and negative family relationships, 15.6%; n = 44). Further, families with discrepant experiences (23.0%; n = 65) and moderate security and neutral relationships (25.2%; n = 71) emerged. The insecurity and negative relationships family type showed higher levels of war trauma; internalizing, externalizing, and depressive symptoms among children; and dysfunctional post-traumatic cognitions than other family types. Conclusion: The family systems approach to mental health is warranted in war conditions, and therapeutic interventions for children should, thus, also involve parents and siblings. Knowledge of unique family attachment patterns is fruitful for tailoring therapeutic treatments and preventive interventions for war-affected children and families. PMID:29844884

East European Security After the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

Christian National Union (Poland) ZPL League of Poles in Lithuania vi ."• ... almpter One INTRODUCION More than two decades ago, Zbignlew Brzezinski ...which Brzezinski drew inspiration captures even more aptly and poignantly Eastern Europe’s current security dilemma. Eastern Europe today is...new Defense Minister, Admiral Piotr Kolodziejczyk. has close ties to President Walesa and was Defense Minister in the Mazowiecki government (1990

United States Foreign Policy in the Middle East After the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-06-06

region. Jerry L . Mraz summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of dual containment in his research paper in 1997.81 The advantages are that it...College Lecture, December 21, 1948, Kennan Papers, Box 17, quoted in Gaddis, John L . (1982) Strategies of containment. A critical Appraisal of Post war...Publishers, 1999), xi; quoted in Sami G. Hajjar, U.S. Military Presence in the Gulf: Challenges and Prospects (Carlisle: U.S. Army War College

The Application of USAID and the Department of Defense in a Comprehensive Government Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-23

President Kennedy in 1961, the origins of the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) were planted shortly after World War II ended in 1945...Building on the success of the Marshall Plan, which helped rebuild Europe’s economy and infrastructure after World War II, President Truman proposed...military relations because of legal concerns. However, because the post-Cold War world had brought the development community and the military into

Impunity: Countering Illicit Power in War and Transition

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

Post -Conflict: The Lessons from Timor-Leste..........347 Deniz Kocak CHAPTER 17 A Granular Approach to Combating Corruption and Illicit Power Structures...transregional security,” and central to our task “is strengthening our global network of allies and partners.”4 In the current post -“Big Footprint” era...after the post -2001 political settlement, which was built on the distribution of political power between factions formed during the country’s civil war

The changing proliferation threat

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sopko, J.F.

Technological advances and new adversaries with new motives have reduced the relevancy and effectiveness of the American nonproliferation strategy that was developed during the Cold War. The Cold War`s end and the breakup of the Soviet Union have created new proliferation dangers even as they have reduced others. The familiar balance of nuclear terror that linked the superpowers and their client states for nearly 50 years in a choreographed series of confrontations has given way to a much less predictable situation, where weapons of unthinkable power appear within the grasp of those more willing to use them. Rogue nations andmore » {open_quotes}clientless{close_quotes} states, terrorist groups, religious cults, ethnic minorities, disaffected political groups, and even individuals appear to have jointed a new arms race toward mass destruction. The author describes recent events that suggest the new trends and a serious challenge to US national security.« less

Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2017 to 2026

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-01

CBO FEBRUARY 2017 Projected Costs of U.S. Nuclear Forces, 2017 to 2026 Nuclear weapons have been a cornerstone of U.S. national security since they...were developed during World War II. In the Cold War, nuclear forces were central to U.S. defense policy, resulting in the buildup of a large...arsenal. Since that time, nuclear forces have figured less prominently than conventional forces, and the United States has not built any new nuclear

The U.S.-Japan Security Relationship After the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

Section, Overseas Research Department of JETRO 2. Hideya Kurata, research fellow, Japan Institute of International Affairs 3. Keiji Kobayashi , senior...pp. 184-193. Nishimura, Shigeki, "Senryaku tenkan no sessoku o haisu," Voice, September 1992, pp. 94-105. Biblography 103 Nobuaki , Takahashi

A State Partnership Program (SPP) for Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

former eastern bloc countries (Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania ) that emerged from the Cold War independent, but potentially precarious following the fall of the...asserts the necessity to “engage and involve the private sector in reconstruction” and also “to secure and protect the natural resources, energy production ...military working dogs , and combat lifesaver training amongst many38 15 An increasingly important country in terms of CENTCOM’s security cooperation

U.S. Security Cooperation with India and Pakistan: A Comparative Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

Pakistan’s nuclear ambitions, and resulted in further sanctions200 Pakistan spent the better part of the 1990s seething about the U.S. “abandonment... nuclear accident that happens in future. (From India’s perspective, the problem of liability has been exacerbated by the Fukushima disaster and anti...14. SUBJECT TERMS: United States, India, Pakistan, Security Cooperation, South Asia, Cold War, Defense Cooperation, Kashmir, Nuclear

Peace-enforcement: Mission, strategy, and doctrine. Monograph report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kohler, J.B.

This monograph examines a new military mission-peace-enforcement. It does so through a five part strategic process that links national interests and national security strategy to tactical operations. it asserts that US national security strategy is evolving as a result of the end of the Cold War and that a new strategy will lead to new military missions. The monograph first describes a limited spectrum of military operations that comprise a peace-enforcement mission. Next, it reviews enduring US national interests then analyzes evolving national security strategy to determine if these elements of strategy support the need for a peace-enforcement mission. Themore » monograph then examines national military strategy, operational level strategy and joint guidance, and finally, US tactical doctrine to determine if peace-enforcement is a mission the US military can execute today. The monograph concludes that national interests and evolving national security strategy will emphasize promotion of democracy and stability in lieu of Cold War deterrence. The national military strategy partially supports this shift; support should increase as the Clinton administration clarifies its policy and solidifies the shift from containment. Lastly, the monograph finds there is sufficient operational and tactical level guidance to conduct the mission and recommends formal acceptance of the peace-enforcement mission into joint doctrine.« less

Lobotomies and Botulism Bombs: Beckett's Trilogy and the Cold War.

PubMed

Piette, Adam

2016-06-01

The article argues that Beckett's Trilogy stages the effects of a lobotomy operation on a potentially politically subversive writer, and that the consequences of the operation can be traced in both the retreat of the narrator(s) of the Trilogy into the mind and into comatose mental states and in the detail of the operation itself, based on the 'icepick' lobotomies performed by neurologist Walter Freeman in the late 1940s and early 1950s. To write about extreme psychiatric situations in the post-war period is necessarily to invoke the political uses of psychosurgery with which this article engages. The article goes on to consider the figure of the brain-damaged mind as a Cold War trope in the references to botulism and the motif of the penetrated skull in The Unnamable.

Weapons proliferation and organized crime: The Russian military and security force dimension

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Turbiville, G.H.

One dimension of international security of the post-Cold War era that has not received enough attention is how organized crime facilitates weapons proliferation worldwide. The former Soviet Union (FSU) has emerged as the world`s greatest counterproliferation challenge. It contains the best developed links among organized crime, military and security organizations, and weapons proliferation. Furthermore, Russian military and security forces are the principle source of arms becoming available to organized crime groups, participants in regional conflict, and corrupt state officials engaged in the black, gray, and legal arms markets in their various dimensions. The flourishing illegal trade in conventional weapons ismore » the clearest and most tangible manifestation of the close links between Russian power ministries and criminal organizations. The magnitude of the WMD proliferation problem from the FSU is less clear and less tangible. There have been many open reports of small-scale fissile material smuggling out of the FSU. The situation with regard to the proliferation of chemical weapon usually receives less attention but may be more serious. With an acknowledged stockpile of 40,000 metric tons of chemical agents, the potential for proliferation is enormous.« less

Technology Security Policy: From the Cold War to the New World Order

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

of Counterproliferation Initiative Legislation. The House DoD Authorization bill essentially rubber -stamps the Administration’s budget request for...Sciences Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, California 93943-5103 5. Richard Ellings I NBR 715 SAFECO Plaza Seattle, Washington 98185 6. LT Dolores M

Military westernization and state repression in the post-Cold War era.

PubMed

Swed, Ori; Weinreb, Alexander

2015-09-01

The waves of unrest that have shaken the Arab world since December 2010 have highlighted significant differences in the readiness of the military to intervene in political unrest by forcefully suppressing dissent. We suggest that in the post-Cold War period, this readiness is inversely associated with the level of military westernization, which is a product of the acquisition of arms from western countries. We identify two mechanisms linking the acquisition of arms from western countries to less repressive responses: dependence and conditionality; and a longer-term diffusion of ideologies regarding the proper form of civil-military relations. Empirical support for our hypothesis is found in an analysis of 2523 cases of government response to political unrest in 138 countries in the 1996-2005 period. We find that military westernization mitigates state repression in general, with more pronounced effects in the poorest countries. However, we also identify substantial differences between the pre- and post-9/11 periods. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Privatized Military Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

environment such as that in Abu Grahib prison , where military personnel tasked with similar duties to that of contractors have been held legally accountable... Grahib Prison . The Washington Post. Office of Management and Budget Circular A-76. (August 4, 1988. Revised 1999). Performance of Commercial...downsizes the military after the Global War on Terror as it did after the Cold War. Private contractors depend largely upon former service members to

Jerrold Zacharias and PSSC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Holbrow, Charles H.

2007-03-01

In 1956 with NSF support Jerrold Zacharias, a notable professor of physics at MIT, called into existence the Physical Sciences Study Committee and launched the largest effort ever to change and improve the teaching of physics in American high schools. Zacharias had a talent for eliciting bold ideas from the best physicists of his day and then inspiring them to put their ideas into action. PSSC was just one of many instances when he did this. He was a member of that cohort of physicists whose accomplishments in World War II empowered them with confidence and authority that they applied with great effect in the early years of the Cold War. More than passive agents of the government, they influenced it to respond to various crises with broader vision and higher idealism than were associated with conventional views of defense. PSSC exemplifies their ability to spin the straw of Cold War tension and fear into the gold of major educational reform. I will describe some memorable aspects of the man and his times, and how he and Francis Friedman shaped the early efforts of PSSC. Charles H. Holbrow, Scientists, Security, and Lessons from the Cold War, Physics Today 59(7), 39-44 (2006). PSSC Remembered -- An AAPT Online Publication at http://www.aapt-doorway.org.

Nuclear threat in the post cold-war era. Monograph

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kurey, W.S.

1995-05-14

This monograph discusses the nuclear threat that the United States faces following the downfall of the Soviet Union. The Russian and Chinese nuclear arsenals represent a formidable threat that must be countered and a new threat is emerging in the third world despite efforts to counter the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction. The monograph reviews the current status of both the Russian and Chinese arsenals and lists the programs that are being undertaken to modernize and improve their respective nuclear capabilities. Both nations are taking significant steps to preserve and improve their nuclear strike capability. The proliferation of nuclearmore » weapons technology, fissile material, and ballistic missiles in the third world is an emerging threat to national security interests. The lack of appropriate security measures during the on-going dismantling of the former Soviet nuclear arsenal presents an opportunity for rogue states and terrorist organizations to readily obtain the materials to produce their own nuclear weapons.« less

Stealing Thunder: African Security Sector Reform, the Military’s New Challenge

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-19

will become scarcer.3 If left unchecked Africa will remain an unending stew of ethnic warfare stimulating massive destabilizing and uncontrolled...this phenomenon, see: David Lamb , The Africans (New York, Random House, 1982) 149. 14 Meredith, 150 – 161. 15 For typical examples of Cold War

Will Japan Become a Military Superpower?

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-15

SOURCE OF FUNDING NUMBERS PROGRAM PROJECT TASK WORK ý;NiT ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. CCESSiON NO 11. TITLE (Include Security Ciassification) Will Japan Become a... competition , Japan can no longer continue with status quo. Security relationships within the Asia-Pacific region are changing. The end of the Cold War...of the work on the aircraft while Mitsubishi would pick up the remaining 60 percent. This aircraft will use leading-edge technology. Japan wants to

Harnessing Post-Conflict Transitions: A Conceptual Primer

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

aid community uses transition as a key indi- cator of success for development and aid programs (Cliffe et al., 2003; Crane et al., 2009; Crichton ...3, pp. 345-365. Barnett, M ., (2006), “Building a republican peace: Stabilizing states after war,” International Security, Vol. 30, No. 4, pp. 87-112...Security, Vol. 29, No. 4, pp. 157-195. Berdal, M . R., (2009), Building Peace After War, Abingdon, UK; New York; London, UK: Routledge: International

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shaffer, J.; Ederington, B.

The new security environment has a number of distinguishing characteristics. The formerly dominant bipolar power structure now exists only artificially, in the nuclear balance. By every measure of usable power, economic and political as well as military, the world is at a thoroughly multilateral stage, albeit with a single and unquestioned lead actor: the United States. But more and more states in the developing world have the ability to challenge U.S. and allied military forces, a fact demonstrated repeated by Saddam Hussein's Iraq. From an intense focus on a single global threat, Western defense planning has moved to the moremore » complex and varied task of analyzing and preparing for regional crises and wars involving a kaleidoscopic variety of potential aggressors and victims. In part it has done so because such operations may be more likely today than during the cold war, when the risk of escalation to superpower war lurked in all regional conflicts. This shift demands, among other things, forces that are more flexible and agile than those deployed during the cold war. It also requires better intelligence on the developing world, where most immediate military missions lie.« less

Mass and Elite Views on Nuclear Security: US National Security Surveys 1993-1999

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

HERRON,KERRY G.; JENKINS-SMITH,HANK C.; HUGHES,SCOTT D.

This is the fourth report in an ongoing series of studies examining how US perspectives about nuclear security are evolving in the post-Cold War era. In Volume 1 the authors present findings from a nationwide telephone survey of randomly selected members of the US general public conducted from 13 September to 14 October 1999. Results are compared to findings from previous surveys in this series conducted in 1993, 1995, and 1997, and trends are analyzed. Key areas of investigation reported in Volume 1 include evolving perceptions of nuclear weapons risks and benefits, preferences for related policy and spending issues, andmore » views about three emerging issue areas: deterrent utility of precision guided munitions; response options to attacks in which mass casualty weapons are used; and expectations about national missile defenses. In this volume they relate respondent beliefs about nuclear security to perceptions of nuclear risks and benefits and to policy preferences. They develop causal models to partially explain key preferences, and they employ cluster analysis to group respondents into four policy relevant clusters characterized by similar views and preferences about nuclear security within each cluster. Systematic links are found among respondent demographic characteristics, perceptions of nuclear risks and benefits, policy beliefs, and security policy and spending preferences. In Volume 2 they provide analysis of in-depth interviews with fifty members of the US security policy community.« less

Theoretical Approaches to Dealing with Somalia

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

because of a lack of assistance from the international community. 67 To use Thomas Friedman’s term, in The World Is Flat, Kaplan champions glocalization ...and board games. Wal-Mart makes the global local: glocalization . 69 Russett, Grasping the Democratic Peace : Principles for a Post-Cold War World...30-31. Russett presents, as fact, democracies do not war against each other. 26 Seth Kaplan calls his version of glocalization an enmeshing

Resource Geopolitics: Cold War Technologies, Global Fertilizers, and the Fate of Western Sahara.

PubMed

Camprubí, Lino

2015-07-01

When, after years of geological and geophysical exploration, a phosphate mine was discovered at Bu-Craa in 1964, Western Sahara received renewed geopolitical attention. Several countries competing for the control of the world fertilizer market, including Morocco, Spain, France, and the United States, developed diverging strategies to gain control of the mineral. After intense negotiations revolving around the materiality of mining technologies and involving reserve estimations, sabotage, and flexing of diplomatic muscles, Morocco took over the Spanish colony in 1975. While this secured Morocco's place in the world market, it condemned the local population to exile and domination. This article explores three technological stages of the exploitation of phosphate in Western Sahara that underpin the geopolitical history. This perspective yields new visions of cold war technology and postcolonial markets.

More a plowshare than a sword: the legacy of US Cold War agricultural diplomacy.

PubMed

McGlade, Jacqueline

2009-01-01

Recently, agriculture has assumed an elevated role in world diplomacy due to pressing issues like international poverty relief, changing environmental conditions, farm trade imbalances, rising food prices, and the diversion of crops into bio-fuel production. Consequently, agricultural interests and production have become increasingly entwined with the politics of national protectionism and identity, domestic security, and the preservation of trading advantage in developed and developing countries alike. This study examines the current impasse in world agricultural negotiations as an outgrowth of US foreign aid and trade policymaking as it evolved during the Cold War. In particular, it chronicles the historic shift in US foreign policy away from "give-away" food aid and surplus sales and toward the championing of global agricultural redevelopment under such programs as the Marshall Plan and PL 480, the Food for Peace program. As more a plowshare than a sword, the American Cold War push for worldwide agricultural modernization led many countries to experience new levels of food self-efficiency and export capabilities. Along with production parity, however, has come escalating levels of trade competition and national protectionism, which challenges again the achievement of world agricultural stability and prosperity.

Invisible Ink Revealed: Concept, Context, and Chemical Principles of "Cold War" Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Macrakis, Kristie; Bell, Elizabeth K.; Perry, Dale L.; Sweeder, Ryan D.

2012-01-01

By modifying secret writing formulas uncovered from the archives of the East German Ministry of State Security (MfS or Stasi), a novel general chemistry secret writing laboratory was developed. The laboratory combines science and history that highlights several fundamental chemical principles related to the writing. These include catalysis, redox…

Historical Office of the Office of the Secretary of Defense

Science.gov Websites

Contact DOD History Secretaries of Defense Pentagon History Renovations 9/11 Attack Images Pentagon Displays 9/11 Attack Publications Secretaries of Defense Historical Series Acquisition History Cold War Oral History Transcripts National Security Personnel System and British Nuclear History Oral History

Nonproliferation, arms control and disarmament and extended deterrence in the new security environment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pilat, Joseph F

2009-01-01

With the end of the Cold War, in a dramatically changed security environment, the advances in nonnuclear strategic capabilities along with reduced numbers and roles for nuclear forces has altered the calculus of deterrence and defense, at least for the United States. For many, this opened up a realistic possibility of a nuclear-free world. It soon became clear that the initial post-Cold War hopes were exaggerated. The world did change fundamentally, but it did not become more secure and stable. In place of the old Soviet threat, there has been growing concern about proliferation and terrorism involving nuclear and othermore » weapons of mass destruction (WMD), regional conflicts, global instability and increasingly serious new and emerging threats, including cyber attacks and attacks on satellites. For the United States at least, in this emerging environment, the political rationales for nuclear weapons, from deterrence to reassurance to alliance management, are changing and less central than during the Cold War to the security of the United States, its friends and allies. Nuclear weapons remain important for the US, but for a far more limited set of roles and missions. As the Perry-Schlesinger Commission report reveals, there is a domestic US consensus on nuclear policy and posture at the highest level and for the near term, including the continued role of nuclear arms in deterring WMD use and in reassuring allies. Although the value of nuclear weapons has declined for the United States, the value of these weapons for Russia, China and so-called 'rogue' states is seen to be rising. The nuclear logic of NATO during Cold War - the need for nuclear weapons to counter vastly superior conventional capabilities of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact - is today heard from Russians and even some proliferants. Moreover, these weapons present a way for rogues to achieve regional hegemony and possibly to deter interventions by the United States or others. While the vision of a nuclear-free world is powerful, both existing nuclear powers and proliferators are unlikely to forego nuclear weapons entirely in a world that is dangerous and uncertain. And the emerging world would not necessarily be more secure and stable without nuclear weapons. Even if nuclear weapons were given up by the United States and other nuclear-weapon states, there would continue to be concerns about the proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, which would not disappear and could worsen. WMD terrorism would remain a concern that was largely unaffected by US and other nuclear-weapon decisions. Conventional capabilities would not disappear and the prospects for warfare could rise. In addition, new problems could arise if rogue states or other non-status-quo powers attempted to take advantage of moves toward disarmament, while friends and allies who are not reassured as in the past could reconsider their options if deterrence declined. To address these challenges, non- and counter-proliferation and counterterrorismincluding defenses and consequence management-are priorities, especially in light of an anticipated 'renaissance' in civil nuclear power. The current agenda of the United States and others includes efforts to: (1) Strengthen International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and its safeguards system; (2) Strengthen export controls, especially for sensitive technologies, by limiting the development of reprocessing and enrichment technologies and by requiring the Additional Protocol as a condition of supply; (3) Establish a reliable supply regime, including the possibility of multilateral or multinational ownership of fuel cycle facilities, as a means to promote nuclear energy without increasing the risks of proliferation or terrorism; (4) Implement effectively UN Security Council Resolution 1540; and (5) Strengthen and institutionalize the Proliferation Security Initiative and the Global Initiative to Combat Nuclear Terrorism. These and other activities are important in themselves, and are essential to maintaining and strengthening the Nonproliferation Treaty (NPT) bargain by bolstering two of its pillars - nonproliferation and peaceful nuclear energy cooperation. There is no alternative, and little prospect for a better deal.« less

Contributions of psychology to war and peace.

PubMed

Christie, Daniel J; Montiel, Cristina J

2013-10-01

The contributions of American psychologists to war have been substantial and responsive to changes in U.S. national security threats and interests for nearly 100 years. These contributions are identified and discussed for four periods of armed conflict: World Wars I and II, the Cold War, and the Global War on Terror. In contrast, about 50 years ago, largely in reaction to the threat of nuclear war, some psychologists in the United States and around the world broke with the tradition of supporting war and began focusing their scholarship and activism on the prevention of war and promotion of peace. Today, peace psychology is a vibrant area of psychology, with theory and practice aimed at understanding, preventing, and mitigating both episodes of organized violence and the pernicious worldwide problem of structural violence. The growth, scope, and content of peace psychology are reviewed along with contributions to policies that promote peace, social justice, and human well-being. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved

U.S. Immigration Policy and Globalization.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Philip; Martin, Susan

2001-01-01

Focuses on U.S. immigration, exploring global issues that affect immigration, such as: economic trends, post-cold war events, and transnationalism. Addresses legal immigration, including permanent and temporary status, refugees and asylees, unauthorized migration, integrating immigrants, and administration of immigration programs. (CMK)

Vítězslav Orel (1926-2015): Gregor Mendel's biographer and the rehabilitation of genetics in the Communist Bloc.

PubMed

Paleček, Pavel

2016-09-01

At almost 90 years of age, we have lost the author of the founding historical works on Johann Gregor Mendel. Vítězslav Orel served for almost 30 years as the editor of the journal Folia Mendeliana. His work was beset by the wider problems associated with Mendel's recognition in the Communist Bloc, and by the way in which narratives of the history of science could be co-opted into the service of Cold War and post-Cold War political agendas. Orel played a key role in the organization of the Mendel symposium of 1965 in Brno, and has made a strong contribution to the rehabilitation of genetics generally, and to championing the work of Johann Gregor Mendel in particular. With Jaroslav Kříženecký, he cofounded the Mendelianum in Brno, which for decades has served as an intellectual bridge between the East and West. Orel's involvement with this institution exposed him to dangers both during and after the Cold War.

Disruptive technologies and force transformation: a Canadian perspective (Keynote Address)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moen, Ingar O.; Walker, Robert S.

2005-05-01

Transformation of Canada"s military forces is being pursued to ensure their relevancy and impact in light of the new defence and security environment. This environment is characterized by an increasingly complex spectrum of military operations spanning pre- and post-conflict, the emergence of an asymmetric threat that differs substantially from the peer-on-peer threat of the Cold War, and the globalization of science and technology. Disruptive technologies - those that have a profound impact on established practice - are increasingly shaping both the civil and military sectors, with advances in one sector now regularly seeding disruptions in the other. This paper postulates the likely sources of disruptive technologies over the next 10-20 years. It then looks at how science and technology investments can contribute to force transformation either to take advantage of or mitigate the effects of these disruptions.

Homeland security planning: what victory gardens and Fidel Castro can teach us in preparing for food crises in the United States.

PubMed

Endres, A Bryan; Endres, Jody M

2009-01-01

Two historical examples provide important insight into how federal government policies can integrate regional and local food systems to achieve food security during a time of acute crisis. During World War II, American home gardeners, through the federal government's Victory Garden program, supplied 40 percent of the nation's fresh produce, while simultaneously maintaining pre-war commodity production policies favoring large agricultural interests. The recent food crisis in Cuba, precipitated by the collapse of Soviet-bloc trade in the early 1990s, is another historical example that could inform U.S. policymakers on how to achieve food self-sufficiency through reemphasis on small farmers using sustainable practices supplemented with urban gardening. This article aims to ignite government action to strengthen and integrate regional and local food systems into federal food security planning so that citizens can be best prepared for a food emergency. The article first examines laws, regulations and policies put in place during World War II that employed regional and local food networks to satisfy a significant amount of civilian food supply needs. The article also looks at more recent Cuban efforts to achieve forced food self-reliance when, after the end of the Cold War, Soviet subsidies and preferential trading of energy and food supplies ceased almost overnight.

From the Bear’s Mouth: Analyzing Vladimir Putin’s Rhetoric and Its Implications for Russian Grand Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-01

analysts fielded questions about whether the crisis in Ukraine was the start of a new Cold War. The American public’s surprise and confusion...Foreign Policy, CNN, Time Magazine, The Economist, The Wall Street Journal, The New Yorker, The Atlantic, and more. National security analysts fielded...Bezopasnosti (Committee for State Security or KGB) agent who rose from political obscurity, Putin’s past can be difficult to research . However, there are

Antisocial Personality Disorder and Pathological Narcissism in Prolonged Conflicts and Wars of the 21st Century.

PubMed

Burkle, Frederick M

2016-02-01

The end of the Cold War brought with it many protracted internal conflicts and wars that have lasted for decades and whose persistent instability lies at the heart of both chronic nation-state and regional instability. Responsibility for these chronically failed states has been attributed to multiple unresolved root causes. With previous governance and parties to power no longer trusted or acceptable, the vacuum of leadership in many cases has been filled with "bad leadership." This Concept piece argues that in a number of cases opportunistic leaders, suffering from severe antisocial character disorders, have emerged first as saviors and then as despots, or as common criminals claiming to be patriots, sharing a psychological framework that differs little from those responsible for World War II and the Cold War that followed. I describe the identifying characteristics of this unique and poorly understood subset of the population who are driven to seek the ultimate opportunity to control, dictate, and live out their fantasies of power on the world scene and discuss why their destructive actions remain unabated in the 21st century. Their continued antisocial presence, influence, and levels of violence must be seen as a global security and strategic issue that is not amenable to conventional diplomatic interventions, negotiations, mediations, or international sanctions.

Coercive Air Strategy in Post-Cold War Peace Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-06-01

Fariborz L. Mokhtari , ed., Peacemaking, Peacekeeping and Coalition Warfare: The Future Role of the United Nations (Washington, D.C: National Defense...Technical Information Center, 1993. Mokhtari , Fariborz L. ed. “Peacemaking, Peacekeeping and Coalition Warfare: The Future Role of the United Nations

Visualizing a monumental past: Archeology, Nasser's Egypt, and the early Cold War.

PubMed

Carruthers, William

2017-09-01

This article examines geographies of decolonization and the Cold War through a case study in the making of archeological knowledge. The article focuses on an archeological dig that took place in Egypt in the period between the July 1952 Free Officers' coup and the 1956 Suez crisis. Making use of the notion of the 'boundary object', this article demonstrates how the excavation of ancient Egyptian remains at the site of Mit Rahina helped to constitute Nasserist revolutionary modernity and its relationship to wider, post-Second World War political geographies. The dig took place as a result of an Egyptian-American collaboration designed to institute the possibility of archeology taking place along the lines of the Point Four modernization program promoted by the United States. The article discusses how this situation not only engendered contention surrounding the role of the international 'experts' appointed to run this excavation work, but also - and as a result - helped to constitute the monumental visual and material shape that archeological evidence relating to the Egyptian past could now take. Egypt's revolution sat within wider Cold War political struggles, yet the 'ground-up' realities of this relationship helped to constitute the sort of past (and future) monumentality proposed by Nasser's government.

An Analysis of C4I Effectiveness Using the RESA Wargame

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-06-01

the Target from Both comunities based on Warfare Specialty. SOURCE DF SS MS F p War Spec 1 1.0 1.0 0.02 0.898 ERROR 22 1372.6 62.4 TOTAL 23 1373.6...requirements. During the post Cold War era, a declining defense budget has forced complicated decisions concerning which systems the military will be...F-14 NFO 24. LT Donald Zwick, USN, EA-6B NFO 69 Appendix B: Basic Experimental Results Coil Col2 Col3 CoW4 Col5 Col6 Co17 War SpeC Level Stk Pack Sup

Army Doctrine and Irregular Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-05

Battle in Desert Storm, while adapting itself to the realities of the post Cold War era. The new doctrine seeks to include the entire spectrum of war in a...sending Sherman across the heart of the South’s rear to shock its population and destroy its will and ability to resist. Liddel Hart and his well known...doctrine stressed maneuver predominantly in the sense of moving to deliver firepower or to increase combat power. ŝ More detailed information on the

Soviet Security in Flux. Occasional Paper 33.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jamgotch, Nish, Jr.

If U.S. foreign policy is to be prudent and effective, it must cease relying on the doctrinaire images and cold war rhetoric of the past and take into account five intactable problems, none of them specifically military, that the Soviet Union faces. These problems are: (1) unabating deficiencies in its economy; (2) a precarious battle with…

Moldova Quo Vadis: Neutrality and European Integration? Problems of Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

42 2. The End of the Cold War and a New Political Approach to Neutrality...relations, neutrality as a security strategy is approached and described in a number of different ways. The major schools of thought maintain...opposing approaches to the advantages and disadvantages of a neutrality posture, dividing scholars into neutrality realists and neutrality idealists

Cooperative monitoring and its role in regional security

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biringer, K.; Olsen, J.; Lincoln, R.

1997-03-01

Cooperative monitoring systems can play an important part in promoting the implementation of regional cooperative security agreements. These agreements advance the national security interests of the United States in a post Cold War environment. Regional issues as widely varying as nuclear nonproliferation, trade and environmental pollution can be the source of tensions which may escalate to armed conflict which could have global implications. The Office of National Security Policy Analysis at the US Department of Energy (DOE) has an interest in seeking ways to promote regional cooperation that can reduce the threats posed by regional conflict. DOE technologies and technicalmore » expertise can contribute to developing solutions to a wide variety of these international problems. Much of this DOE expertise has been developed in support of the US nuclear weapons and arms control missions. It is now being made available to other agencies and foreign governments in their search for regional security and cooperation. This report presents two examples of interest to DOE in which monitoring technologies could be employed to promote cooperation through experimentation. The two scenarios include nuclear transparency in Northeast Asia and environmental restoration in the Black Sea. Both offer the potential for the use of technology to promote regional cooperation. The issues associated with both of these monitoring applications are presented along with examples of appropriate monitoring technologies, potential experiments and potential DOE contributions to the scenarios.« less

U.S. Decision Making and Post-Cold War NATO Enlargement

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

believed that President Yeltsin was truly committed to democratic reform in Russia and attributed Yeltsin’s public conflagrations to Russian...recommending any concrete steps toward enlargement.46 The position of America’s Allies began to change once the United States demonstrated its firm

Impacts of psychological science on national security agencies post-9/11.

PubMed

Brandon, Susan E

2011-09-01

Psychologists have been an integral part of national security agencies since World War I, when psychological science helped in personnel selection. A robust infrastructure supporting wider applications of psychology to military and intelligence problems developed further during World War II and the years following, primarily in the areas of testing, human factors, perception, and the decision sciences. Although the nature of the attacks on 9/11 raised the level of perceived need for increased human-based intelligence, the impacts of psychologists on the policies and practices of national security agencies in the decade since have not increased significantly. © 2011 American Psychological Association

The Cold War in the Soviet School: A Case Study of Mathematics Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Karp, Alexander

2007-01-01

This article is devoted to certain aspects of the cold war reflected in the teaching of mathematics in the Soviet Union. The author deals specifically with direct manifestations of the cold war, not with the teaching of mathematics during the cold war in general. His aim is not to present a comprehensive examination of school programs in…

Further Education outside the Jurisdiction of Local Education Authorities in Post-War England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simmons, Robin

2014-01-01

This article revisits the three decades following the end of World War Two--a time when, following the 1944 Education Act, local education authorities (LEAs) were the key agencies responsible for running the education system across England. For the first time, there was a statutory requirement for LEAs to secure adequate facilities for further…

American Naval Thinking in the Post-Cold War Era: The U.S. Navy and the Emergence of a Maritime Strategy, 1989-2007

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-01

and adopts a laissez - faire approach to advancing free-market and democratic ideals, which globalization seems to facilitate by itself. According to...uniquely preeminent role in protecting the system and sustaining the United States’ leadership position within it. By helping to prevent large-scale war...the means thereby marginalizing the Navy’s ability to influence U.S. strategy. In short, the style of U.S. defense leadership was industrial-managerial

Stability Operations: From the Post-Vietnam War Era to Today

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

Peacekeeping Doctrine, and Practice after the Cold War (Westport, CT: Praeger, 2004), 88. 14 John D. Waghelstein, “What’s Wrong in Iraq? Or Ruminations of a...stability operations. “I don’t think our troops ought to be used for what’s called nation-building,” Bush contended during the 2000 presidential...Waghelstein John D. “What’s Wrong in Iraq? Or Ruminations of a Pachyderm.” Military Review 86, no. 1 (January-February 2006). Warner, Volney J., and James H

Determinants and Politics of German Military Transformation in the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

Jahrhundert, eds. Joachim Krause and Jan C. Irlenkaeuser (Opladen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2006), 97. 2 military changed after the end of the Cold...Anforderungen an deutsche Streitkräfte im 21. Jahrhundert, eds. Joachim Krause and Jan C. Irlenkaeuser (Opladen: Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2006), 182. 12...2007), 763–778; Svenja Sinjen and Johannes Varwick, 101-106; Wolfgang Wagner, ―Die Außen-, Sicherheits- und Verteidigungspolitik der Europäischen

Politics of Military Interventions: Coalition Building in the Post Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-10

between antagonists, cause regime changes, or to assist in disarmament and reintegration of guerrilla style soldiers after political solutions have...sanctioned regime changes, or to assist in disarmament and reintegration of guerrilla style soldiers after political solutions have been reached. Given the...

Post Cold War Nuclear Weapons Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-20

are unknown.”14 This instability threatens the success and future of the NPT. According to scholar Joseph F. Pilat , While the vision of a nuclear...for the Study of Weapons of Mass Destruction, April 2007. 15 Joseph F. Pilat , “Nonproliferation, Arms Control and Disarmament, and ExtendedDeterrence

Limits of Military Power for National Security.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Melman, Seymour

1981-01-01

Reviews the post World War II nuclear-military arms race and claims that it is possible to define significant limits of military power for national security. Topics discussed include public opinion regarding the arms race, constraints on military power, conventional forces, checkmating conventional strategy, and the seriousness of nuclear false…

Marines in the Boxer Rebellion as a Model for Current Marine Corps Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

several days traveling with me and helping me get around in China. Additionally, the leadership and instructors at Staff Group 7 have been very...Security Group ....................................................................... 45 Marine Corps Operations during the Cold War...and removing the foreigners.33 The Boxers were a loosely organized group with no single leader. Although the Chinese Imperial Army would usually

Israel`s unauthorized arms transfers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clarke, D.

1995-10-01

Israel confronts a spectrum of security threats. Given that harsh reality and America`s firm commitment to the Jewish state as reiterated by successive presidents, Israel requires, and rightly receives, unique attention and support from the United States (U.S). Indeed, Israel`s welfare, even survival, is dependent on its `special` relationship with Washington. Thus far, U.S.-Israel ties have weathered America`s post-Cold War retrenchment in world affairs. Israel retains its customary level of foreign aid, for example, even as the overall foreign assistance budget shrinks. Yet below the surface, the relationship is threatened by Israel`s repeated contraventions of American law. Evidence shows thatmore » Israel has systematically circumvented U.S. restrictions on the re-export of U.S. defense products, components, and technical data. Other countries have been caught evading U.S. re-export controls, but Israel`s case appears unique. The author examines the details and implications of the Israel transgressions.« less

Engineering Science Education and the Indian Institutes of Technology: Reframing the Context of the "Cold War and Science" (1950-1970)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raina, Dhruv

2017-01-01

The last two decades have witnessed a revival of research interest in the Cold War, and on science during the Cold War, from a revised social theoretic perspective. Part of this reframing is evident in explorations of the relationship underpinning the Cold War discourse and modernisation theory. Drawing on this new turn, this article switches the…

Détente from the Air: Monitoring Air Pollution during the Cold War.

PubMed

Rothschild, Rachel

During the period of détente in the 1970s, a Norwegian proposal to construct an air pollution monitoring network for the European continent resulted in the first concrete collaboration between the communist and capitalist blocs after the 1975 Helsinki Accords. Known as the "European-wide monitoring programme" or EMEP, the network earned considerable praise from diplomats for facilitating cooperation across the Iron Curtain. Yet as this article argues, EMEP was strongly influenced by the politics of détente and the constraints of the Cold War even as it helped to decrease tensions. Concerns about national security and sharing data with the enemy shaped both the construction of the monitoring network and the modeling of pollution transport. The article also proposes that environmental monitoring systems like EMEP reveal the ways in which observational technologies can affect conceptions of the natural world and the role of science in public policy.

Strategic Analysis of the Asia-Pacific Region: Is a Forward-Based Aircraft Carrier Required in the Post-Cold War Era?

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-07

in maintaining regional stability moreso than forward-deploying from CONUS. See regional perspectives above and caveats. - Although the fcrwarcd-based...retainz defense responsibilities moreso than a forward-deployed strategy could, barring increaed deployment lengths. (Cost Comparison) A cost

The Divisive Threat of Immigration in Europe

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

Wilders established the Party for Freedom (PVV), in 2005 with a strong anti-immigration agenda. The party believes Judeo-Christian and humanist ...Allied administration of post-WWI Europe. Right-wing movements of the 60’s and 80’s were a response to an existential threat during the Cold War rather

South Asia: A Strategic Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

deal with India and Pakistan m a comprehensive and coherent matter, especially m recent years In the post-Cold War context, our interest m “ global ... issues ,” especially non-prohferatlon, has driven U S r@atlons with both Palustan and India At present, our ablhty to conduct normal secunty relations

Deterrence and Engagement: U.S. and North Korean Interactions over Nuclear Weapons since the End of the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

Self-help,” International Security 19, no. 3 (Winter 1994-1995). 86 Bruce Auster and Kevin Whitelaw, “Upping the ante for Kim Jong Il: Pentagon Plan...and Kevin O’Neil, Solving the North Korean Nuclear Puzzle (Washington, D.C.: Institute for Science and International Security Press, 2002), 57-82...Minister Kim Gye Kwan “angrily denied that the DPRK had an HEU program. He dismissed my statement, claiming it was a fabrication.”234 And then, in the

Leo Szilard Lectureship Award Talk: Nuclear disarmament after the cold war

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podvig, Pavel

2008-04-01

Now that the cold war is long over, our thinking of nuclear weapons and the role that they play in international security has undergone serious changes. The emphasis has shifted from superpower confrontation to nuclear proliferation, spread of weapon materials, and to the dangers of countries developing nuclear weapon capability under a cover of a civilian program. At the same time, the old cold-war dangers, while receded, have not disappeared completely. The United States and Russia keep maintaining thousands of nuclear weapons in their arsenals, some of them in very high degree of readiness. This situation presents a serious challenge that the international community has to deal with. Although Russia and the United States are taking some steps to reduce their nuclear arsenals, the traditional arms control process has stalled -- the last treaty that was signed in 2002 does not place serious limits on strategic forces of either side. The START Treaty, which provides a framework for verification and transparency in reduction of nuclear arsenals, will expire at the end of 2009. Little effort has been undertaken to extend the treaty or renegotiate it. Moreover, in recent years Russia has stepped up the efforts to modernize its strategic nuclear forces. The United States has resisted joining the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and has been working on controversial new nuclear weapon development programs. The U.S. missile defense program makes the dialogue between Russia and the United States even more difficult. The reluctance of Russia and the United States to engage in a discussion about drastic reductions of their nuclear forces undermines the case of nuclear nonproliferation and seriously complicated their effort to contain the spread of nuclear weapon technologies and expertise. One of the reasons for the current lack of progress in nuclear disarmament is the contradiction between the diminished role that nuclear weapons play in security of nuclear weapon states and the inertia of cold-war institutions that are involved in their development and support. Dealing with this contradiction would require development of new mechanisms of cooperation between nuclear weapons states and their strong commitment to the cause of nuclear nonproliferation. One important area of cooperation is development of a framework that would prevent the spread of nuclear materials and technology at the time when increasing number of countries is turning toward expanded use of nuclear power to cover their energy needs.

U.S. Foreign Policy Towards Latvia During the Inter-War Period, 1917- 1941

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-01

Latvia. and Lithuania in Lhe Twentieth Century. New York: Longman, 1991. Hixson, Walter L. George F. Kennan: Cold War Iconoclast . New York: Columbia...Walter L. George F. Kennan: Cold War Iconoclast . New York: Columbia University Press, 1989. Hodgson, Godfrey. The Colonel: The Life and Wars of...Cold War Iconoclast (New York: Columbia University Press, 1989), 7. 64 The Russian Section furnished the State Department with considerable evidence that

Annual Report to Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

other product areas. Where unmet requirements are identified and where S&T is required to meet cost objectives, the CBRN defense homeland security... industrial base, which has scaled down since the end of the Cold War, has stabilized. Ongoing military operations and homeland defense initiatives...as well as shelf-life expirations for stockpiles built in the 1980s, have contributed to demand for industrial base services and products

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Freund, M.T.; Wise, J.A.; Ulibarri, C.A.

This paper addresses US energy security in the post-Cold War era for a conference on energy security jointly sponsored by the Department of Energy and the National Defense University. It examines the evolving nature of energy security based on analysis of past crisis-inducing events and-discusses potentially important geopolitical, environmental, regulatory, and economic developments during the next twenty-five years. The paper steps beyond the traditional economic focus of energy security issues to examine the interplay between fundamental economic and technical drivers on the one hand, and political, environmental, and perceptual phenomena, on the other hand, that can combine to create crisesmore » where none were expected. The paper expands on the premise that the recent demise of the Soviet Union and other changing world conditions have created a new set of energy dynamics, and that it is imperative that the United States revise its energy security perspective accordingly. It proceeds by reviewing key factors that comprise the concepts of ``energy security`` and ``energy crisis`` and how they may fit into the new world energy security equation. The study also presents a series of crisis scenarios that could develop during the next twenty-five years, paying particular attention to mechanisms and linked crisis causes and responses. It concludes with a discussion of factors that may serve to warn analysts and decision makers of impending future crises conditions. The crisis scenarios contained in this report should be viewed only as a representative sample of the types of situations that could occur. They serve to illustrate the variety of factors that can coalesce to produce a ``crisis.``« less

Focus: new perspectives on science and the Cold War. Introduction.

PubMed

Heyck, Hunter; Kaiser, David

2010-06-01

Twenty years after the fall of the Berlin Wall, the Cold War looks ever more like a slice of history rather than a contemporary reality. During those same twenty years, scholarship on science, technology, and the state during the Cold War era has expanded dramatically. Building on major studies of physics in the American context--often couched in terms of "big science"--recent work has broached scientific efforts in other domains as well, scrutinizing Cold War scholarship in increasingly international and comparative frameworks. The essays in this Focus section take stock of current thinking about science and the Cold War, revisiting the question of how best to understand tangled (and sometimes surprising) relationships between government patronage and the world of ideas.

U.S. Maritime Strategy In a Post-Cold War World?

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-05-16

worlo in wnIcn zne East-West squarea off across an iron curzain nas oeen- aramatically transformed . A chain reaction of nhslocic events in Eastern Europe...research will n e to exam int- tne -- ri :.me Componen t ot the Un itec St ates Natioanal M ~r z a , egov ,71tni1n the context of the changing geoo~o...experience. 12 :Zi. Historical BacKqrouna By maritime strategy we mean the principies wnicn govern a war in which the sea is a suostantia! factor. Naval

Building International Relations for Children through Sister Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pryor, Carolyn B.

1992-01-01

Inspired by Sister Cities International and the NASSP's school-to-school exchange program, "sister school" pairings have proved to be workable educational programs with long-range impact on participants. Some post-cold war efforts include U.S.-USSR High School Academic Partnerships, Project Harmony, and Center for U.S.-USSR Initiatives.…

Education for America's Role in World Affairs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fonte, John, Ed.; Ryerson, Andre, Ed.

This collection of essays by leading policy analysts and educators investigate the often contradictory claims of global, peace, multicultural and citizenship education and examines what U.S. students should know about world affairs in the post-cold war era. The essays suggest methods of change based on a strong academic core of history,…

Third World Conflict and American Response in the Post-Cold War World

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-05

exemplify this problem. Deforestation is largely the result of actions taken by tropical countries (notably Brazil in the Amazon Basin) to convert into more...34productive" uses equatorial rainforests that historically created a kind of green band around the Earth’s middle. That band is slowly disappearing

The State of the World's Children, 1993.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, James P.

This report argues that despite all the problems of the post cold war world, the means are now at hand to end mass malnutrition, preventable disease, and widespread illiteracy among the world's children. UNICEF (the United Nations Children's Fund) estimates the cost of about $25 billion per year in additional aid to developing nations. To give…

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-17

Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were...population. Sources: CIA The World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report, September 2008; DOD Measuring Stability...politically. Similarly, the September 19, 2008 report on International Religious Freedom attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by

Technophilic hubris and espionage styles during the Cold War.

PubMed

Macrakis, Kristie

2010-06-01

During the Cold War the United States developed an espionage style that reflected its love affair with technology (technophilia) whereas the Soviet Union and the East Bloc continued a tradition of using humans to collect intelligence. This essay places the origins and development of these espionage styles during the Cold War in historical and social context, and assesses their strengths and weaknesses by drawing on examples from particular cases. While the United States won the Cold War, the East Bloc won the spy wars because of a more effective espionage style. I conclude with some reflections on the uses of history for future policy, and suggest areas for further study.

The Origins of the Cold War.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paterson, Thomas G.

1986-01-01

Briefly reviews conventional reasoning about the start of the Cold War. Describes contemporary revisionist views of the Cold War and the reasons they arose. Maintains that American leaders exaggerated the Soviet ideological and military threat, spurring an American arms build-up which ultimately led to the present-day arms race. (JDH)

Preventing war through non-violent direct involvement in conflict: I. Principles and background.

PubMed

2001-01-01

International Physicians for Prevention of Nuclear War now considers prevention of all violent armed conflict as one of its core objectives, as such conflict is incompatible with health. Health professionals have long been involved in this area with an inclination towards non-violent means. The growth of interest in the area of non-military peacemaking, the growth of knowledge and research in the last few years and the post-cold-war nature of most contemporary wars mean that IPPNW needs to approach war prevention in a systematic way, benefiting and co-operating with other creative forces in the field. In this first of two articles we present some important work by contemporary non-violent researchers. We seek to develop an imagination and a mode of thinking to enable health professionals to prepare to engage in Non-violent Direct Involvement in Conflict (NVDIC).

Superpower nuclear minimalism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graben, E.K.

1992-01-01

During the Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union competed in building weapons -- now it seems like America and Russia are competing to get rid of them the fastest. The lengthy process of formal arms control has been replaced by exchanges of unilateral force reductions and proposals for reciprocal reductions not necessarily codified by treaty. Should superpower nuclear strategies change along with force postures President Bush has yet to make a formal pronouncement on post-Cold War American nuclear strategy, and it is uncertain if the Soviet/Russian doctrine of reasonable sufficiency formulated in the Gorbachev era actually heraldsmore » a change in strategy. Some of the provisions in the most recent round of unilateral proposals put forth by Presidents Bush and Yeltsin in January 1992 are compatible with a change in strategy. Whether such a change has actually occurred remains to be seen. With the end of the Cold War and the breakup of the Soviet Union, the strategic environment has fundamentally changed, so it would seem logical to reexamine strategy as well. There are two main schools of nuclear strategic thought: a maximalist school, mutual assured destruction (MAD) which emphasizes counterforce superiority and nuclear war- fighting capability, and a MAD-plus school, which emphasizes survivability of an assured destruction capability along with the ability to deliver small, limited nuclear attacks in the event that conflict occurs. The MAD-plus strategy is based on an attempt to conventionalize nuclear weapons which is unrealistic.« less

The United Kingdom: Issues for the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-16

of its EU partners than to the United States. For example, like other EU member states, Britain places great emphasis on multilateral... the prospects for the future of the U.S.-UK partnership, especially in the unfolding Brown era. It also describes UK views on political, security...delivery systems for its nuclear warheads since 1963. During the Cold War, the UK served as a vital base for U.S.

Chinas Soft Power: Changing the World Perception

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

46 Kenneth Waltz, Theory of International Politics (New York: McGraw- Hill, 1979 ), 60–78. 47 John Mearsheimer, The...population soars , finding and extracting new sources of supply is becoming increasingly difficult and expensive.”124 Michael Klare, a Five College...Realism after the Cold War.” International Security 25, no. 1 (Summer 2000): 32. ———. Theory of International Politics. New York: McGraw- Hill, 1979

Pseudo Democracy, Real War. Russia’s Autocratic Conduct in Chechnya and the Implications for U.S. National and Regional Security Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-22

assumption that the new Russian democracy with its renunciation of communism is a mirror image of its own, or at least fraternal to its own. That...Spring 1997): 9-19. Kozyrev , Andrei. “Partnership or Cold Peace?” Foreign Policy (Summer 1995): 3-14). 31 “A Look at How the Kremlin Slid Into the

Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense Program. Annual Report to Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

defense system acquisition costs through collaboration in the areas of development, production , and support, and to enhance interoperability with...security area leverages S&T efforts of the other product areas. Where unmet requirements are identified and where S&T is required to meet cost ...Defense Program Inventory Requirements The industrial base, which has scaled down since the end of the Cold War, has stabilized. Ongoing military

Thrills, spills and pills: Bond, Benzedrine and the pharmacology of peace.

PubMed

Goodman, Sam

2010-06-01

This paper examines the conjunction of pharmacological science and espionage fiction of the post-war era. This paper argues that, during the 1950s, the relatively new science of pharmacology propounded the possibility that illness and human deficiency could be treated in a way that better reflected the post-war zeitgeist. The use of pharmacological medicine, perceived as cleaner and quicker than more 'bodily' forms of treatment, represented progress in contemporary medical science. It is argued that this philosophy extended to more overt means of pharmacological application, directly related to the geopolitical concerns of the 'Cold War'. A growing form of popular literature in this period was the espionage novel. This paper argues that the benefits proffered by pharmacology were incorporated into the fabric of espionage fiction, specifically the James Bond novels of Ian Fleming. Here, it is demonstrated how Fleming used pharmacological knowledge of Benzedrine throughout his novels. His works illustrate a belief that the augmentation of the spy's natural ability with pharmacological science would award decisive advantage in the Cold War conflict played out in spy fiction. However, the relationship between public use of Benzedrine and awareness of its side effects changed during the period of Fleming's publications, moving from a position of casual availability to one of controlled prescription. It is argued that the recognition of the dangers associated with the drug were over-ruled in favour of the benefits its use presented to the state. The continued use of the drug by Bond illustrates how the concerns of the nation are given priority over the health, and life, of the individual.

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-05

defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War...World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report, September 2008; DOD Measuring Stability Report, December 2008; various press and...restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by religious minorities) to “terrorists, extremists, and criminal gangs,” while praising the Iraqi government

Nationalism, Nuclear Policy and Children in Cold War America.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stephens, Sharon

1997-01-01

Theorizes the place of children in America's "Cold War Consensus" of the 1950s-60s. Counterposes dominant Cold War images of abstract, generic children (inevitably white middle class) to actual children most vulnerable to risks associated with nuclear weapons production and testing. Concludes that in various ways, these children were all…

Post-Cold War American Foreign Policy: What, When, and Why

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

issues than international concerns. Something Condoleezza Rice firmly advocated for in a Foreign Affairs opinion piece written for the 2000 Republican... issues . Rice also called for establishing acceptable international 16 Max Boot, ―The...the future. Legitimate policies typically are ones not challenged either legally or morally by significant numbers of actors throughout the

US-Russian Cooperation in the Post Cold War Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-13

cooperate with Russia? On what should the United States and Russia cooperate? What principles should guide United States cooperation with Russia? The...On what should the United States and Russia cooperate? What principles should guide United States cooperation with Russia? Through his analysis, the...41 The Elements of US-Russia Cooperation: What Principles Should Guide United

The Intercontinental Ballistic Missile and Post Cold War Deterrence

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-17

Bonnetain, Hugues and Philippe Mazzoni. " Histoire De Missiles...Le 1er GMS Du Plateau D’Albion." http://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen...Mazzoni, " Histoire De Missiles...Le 1er GMS Du Plateau D’Albion," http://www.capcomespace.net/dossiers/espace_europeen/albion/; Ministère de la Défense

Emergent Russia: The Geostrategic Impact

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

1 1 Historical Trends in Regional Dominance ..................................... 3 2 Post-Cold War Standing...Publishing, 2009), 1 . 2 Bressler, Understanding Contemporary Russia, 1 . 3 Olga Oliker et al., Russian Foreign Policy: Sources and Implications...Putin and edvedev,” Swedish Institute of International Affairs, Occasional Paper, no. 1 , 2010, 3 . http://www.ui.se/upl/files/44020.pdf 4 For analysis

The Future of Peace Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

the rise in intra-state conflicts (insurgencies, genocidal ethnic violence, civil wars, etc.) has complicated traditional peace operations. The new...resolve conflicts between states. Following the Cold War, the rise in intra-state conflicts (insurgencies, genocidal ethnic violence, civil wars...reform efforts. It focuses Following the Cold War, the rise in intra-state conflicts (insurgencies, genocidal ethnic violence, civil wars etc.) has

The association between attachment and mental health symptoms among school-going adolescents in northern Uganda: the moderating role of war-related trauma.

PubMed

Okello, James; Nakimuli-Mpungu, Etheldreda; Musisi, Seggane; Broekaert, Eric; Derluyn, Ilse

2014-01-01

The association between attachment and mental health symptoms in adolescents in a post-conflict low resource setting has not been documented. We investigated the relationship between parent and peer attachment and posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms in a sample of 551 adolescents aged 13-21 years old. Attachment quality was assessed using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). Post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Events Scale Revised (IESR) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Adolescents (HSCL-37A) respectively. Gender differences in attachment relationships were determined using independent t-tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess whether attachment relationships were independently associated with posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the moderating role of war-related trauma. Our analyses revealed gender differences in attachment to parents, with males reporting stronger attachment than females. Parental attachment was protective against depression and anxiety symptoms but not posttraumatic stress symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders. Alienation by parents was independently associated with an increase in these mental health symptoms while peer attachment was not associated with any of these symptoms. However, in situations of severe trauma, our analyses showed that peer attachment was significantly protective against post-traumatic stress symptoms. Secure parental attachment is associated with better psychosocial adjustment in adolescents affected by war. Further, adolescents with secure peer attachment relationships in situations of severe war trauma may be less likely to develop posttraumatic stress symptoms. Interventions to enhance peer support in this post conflict setting would benefit this vulnerable population.

The Association between Attachment and Mental Health Symptoms among School-Going Adolescents in Northern Uganda: The Moderating Role of War-Related Trauma

PubMed Central

Okello, James; Nakimuli-Mpungu, Etheldreda; Musisi, Seggane; Broekaert, Eric; Derluyn, Ilse

2014-01-01

Background The association between attachment and mental health symptoms in adolescents in a post-conflict low resource setting has not been documented. Methods We investigated the relationship between parent and peer attachment and posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms in a sample of 551 adolescents aged 13–21 years old. Attachment quality was assessed using the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment (IPPA). Post-traumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms were assessed using the Impact of Events Scale Revised (IESR) and Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Adolescents (HSCL-37A) respectively. Gender differences in attachment relationships were determined using independent t-tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to assess whether attachment relationships were independently associated with posttraumatic stress, depression and anxiety symptoms. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were conducted to explore the moderating role of war-related trauma. Results Our analyses revealed gender differences in attachment to parents, with males reporting stronger attachment than females. Parental attachment was protective against depression and anxiety symptoms but not posttraumatic stress symptoms after adjusting for potential confounders. Alienation by parents was independently associated with an increase in these mental health symptoms while peer attachment was not associated with any of these symptoms. However, in situations of severe trauma, our analyses showed that peer attachment was significantly protective against post-traumatic stress symptoms. Conclusions Secure parental attachment is associated with better psychosocial adjustment in adolescents affected by war. Further, adolescents with secure peer attachment relationships in situations of severe war trauma may be less likely to develop posttraumatic stress symptoms. Interventions to enhance peer support in this post conflict setting would benefit this vulnerable population. PMID:24614005

Affecting Reform: Explaining the Kingdom of Cambodia’s Contributions to United Nations Peacekeeping Operations in Comparative Context

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

Vietnamese Army PAVN People’s Army of Vietnam PRK People’s Republic of Kampuchea RAK Revolutionary Army of Kampuchea RCAF Royal Cambodian Armed...would initially be posted as the head of the diplomatic branch of the newly installed Peoples Republic of Kampuchea ( PRK ...81 Ibid., 211. 24 Faced with the need for economic self-sufficiency in the post-Cold War world, Hun Sen and the PRK looked to re-establish ties

The Role of Small States in the Post-Cold War Era: The Case of Belarus

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

immediately translated its displea- sure into economic sanctions. “The conflict included Russia’s ban on importing Belarusian milk , refusal to provide a...expected some support among the states in post-Soviet space. None of them supported Moscow in this. Absolutely isolated, Mos- cow was anxious to get...the most uncompromised views of Mos- cow . Following the demise of the USSR, resentment was so high in Estonia that it might have been the only state

Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia: The Emergence of the ’New Macedonian Question’ in the Remains of Second Yugoslavia. Survivability of the New Postcold War State in the Balkans

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-12-01

Recently, there has been a dramatic rise in the drug trade, as Skopje is on the heroin route from Turkey to the Adriatic coast and Italian mafia cartels...links. Most of them went along the old traditional route of Nis- Skopje - Thessaloniki. It is by now very obvious to observers that the geopolitics of...the New Post-Cold War State in the Balkans 6 . AUTHOR(S) Charalampos Lekkas 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS

National military strategy in the post cold war era: Nuclear deterrence or an alternative. Study project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pooley, G.R.

In the aftermath of the Cold War it becomes necessary to explore the validity of nuclear deterrence as the cornerstone of the United States National Military Strategy for the upcoming period of transition in international relations. Using the current world situation as a starting point, the evolving trends in international relations, arms control and nuclear proliferation, the strategic threat and the evolution of technology will be analyzed in an effort to forecast the complexion of international relations twenty years hence. Then, within this context, nuclear deterrence and a non nuclear alternative nonoffensive defense, proposed by the Danish political scientist, Bjornmore » Moller, will be examined. In the final analysis, this project will suggest an appropriate direction for the evolution of the United States' National Military Strategy which, in the opinion of the author, provides the best probability for long term world peace.« less

The New Big Science: What's New, What's Not, and What's the Difference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Westfall, Catherine

2016-03-01

This talk will start with a brief recap of the development of the ``Big Science'' epitomized by high energy physics, that is, the science that flourished after WWII based on accelerators, teams, and price tags that grew ever larger. I will then explain the transformation that started in the 1980s and culminated in the 1990s when the Cold War ended and the next big machine needed to advance high energy physics, the multi-billion dollar Superconducting Supercollider (SSC), was cancelled. I will go on to outline the curious series of events that ushered in the New Big Science, a form of research well suited to a post-Cold War environment that valued practical rather than esoteric projects. To show the impact of the New Big Science I will describe how decisions were ``set into concrete'' during the development of experimental equipment at the Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility in Newport News, Virginia.

Science and Security before the Atomic Bomb: The Loyalty Case of Harald U. Sverdrup

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oreskes, Naomi; Rainger, Ronald

In the summer of 1941, Harald Sverdrup, the Norwegian-born Director of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO) in La Jolla, California, was denied security clearance to work on Navy-sponsored research in underwater acoustics applied to anti-submarine warfare. The clearance denial embarrassed the world renown oceanographer and Arctic explorer, who repeatedly offered his services to the U.S. government only to see scientists of far lesser reputation called upon to aid the war effort. The official story of Sverdrup's denial was the risk of blackmail over relatives in occupied Norway. Declassified documents tell a different story. Although Sverdrup's integrity was defended on the highest levels of U.S. science, doubt was cast upon him by members of his own institution, who accused him of being a Nazi sympathiser. Personal distrust, rooted in scientific and intellectual disagreement, spilled over into questions about Sverdrup's loyalty and judgement. These doubts were considered sufficient grounds for withholding clearance, until Roger Revelle, a former student of Sverdrup now working within the Navy, was able to obtain a limited clearance for Sverdrup to develop techniques to forecast surf conditions during amphibious assaults. After the war, this work was credited with saving many lives, but at the time it placed Sverdrup out of the mainstream of Navy-sponsored oceanographic research. In being denied access to major areas of scientific work, Sverdrup's position as a leader of American oceanography was undermined. The loyalty case of Harald Sverdrup illustrates the emergence of an institutional apparatus through which the U.S. military began to control and shape the organisation of American science in the twentieth century. Military sponsorship of scientific research, begun during the open conflicts of World War II and continuing into the simmering tensions of the Cold War, involved explicit control by the U.S. military of who had access to critical information. This in turn meant who could do science in conjunction with the military. As the U.S. Navy became the principal sponsor of oceanography in the post-war years, clearance to do military work became to a great extent clearance to do oceanography. Choices about who could be trusted were also choices about who would do science, and what kind of science they would do.

The Future of the High North: Cooperation or Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-06

fledged international organization,” and the 2010 delimitation agreement with Norway.42 However, demonstrating the Arctic´s role in Russian “nation...honored this position, through submitting claims to the U.N. in 11 2001,95 the first nation to do so, and through the 2010 delimitation agreement ...priority but a security issue, Russia is “reconsider[ing] its policy of involving Western countries in Arctic projects.”201 The agreement between

The Influence of the Catholic Church on the Eisenhower Administration’s Decision to Directly Intervene in Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-06-14

pillars of containment philosophy. The book Strategies of Containment: A Critical Appraisal of American National Security Policy during the Cold War...and Government of Vietnam Strategies in Conflict” provides details and facts that assist in understanding the broad themes of the two countries...resisting outside influence for centuries. As a result, the country developed an eclectic mix of cultures, languages, and nationalities within its borders

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-27

the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but...Iraqi parliament; the draft would give the Kurdish regional government a role in signing oil contracts with foreign investing firms. Shiite Islamists...Ayatollah Abol Qasem Musavi- Khoi, was head of the Hawza until his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani generally opposes a direct role for clerics in

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-27

the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were...Kurdish regional government a role in signing oil contracts with foreign investing firms. Shiite Islamists: Ayatollah Sistani, SCIRI, Da’wa Party...the Hawza until his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani generally opposes a direct role for clerics in government, but he believes in clerical

Public perspectives on nuclear security. US national security surveys, 1993--1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Herron, K.G.; Jenkins-Smith, H.C.

This is the third report in a series of studies to examine how US attitudes about nuclear security are evolving in the post-Cold War era and to identify trends in public perceptions and preferences relevant to the evolution of US nuclear security policy. It presents findings from three surveys: a nationwide telephone survey of randomly selected members of the US general public; a written survey of randomly selected members of American Men and Women of Science; and a written survey of randomly selected state legislators from all fifty US states. Key areas of investigation included nuclear security, cooperation between USmore » and Russian scientists about nuclear issues, vulnerabilities of critical US infrastructures and responsibilities for their protection, and broad areas of US national science policy. While international and US national security were seen to be slowly improving, the primary nuclear threat to the US was perceived to have shifted from Russia to China. Support was found for nuclear arms control measures, including mutual reductions in stockpiles. However, respondents were pessimistic about eliminating nuclear armaments, and nuclear deterrence continued to be highly values. Participants favored decreasing funding f/or developing and testing new nuclear weapons, but supported increased investments in nuclear weapons infrastructure. Strong concerns were expressed about nuclear proliferation and the potential for nuclear terrorism. Support was evident for US scientific cooperation with Russia to strengthen security of Russian nuclear assets. Elite and general public perceptions of external and domestic nuclear weapons risks and external and domestic nuclear weapons benefits were statistically significantly related to nuclear weapons policy options and investment preferences. Demographic variables and individual belief systems were systematically related both to risk and benefit perceptions and to policy and spending preferences.« less

Who Won the Cold War? A Learning Packet for Secondary Level Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kansas Univ., Lawrence. Center for Russian and East European Studies.

Realizing that the Cold War is a topic that often is neglected as time runs short at the end of a school year, a group of University of Kansas (Lawrence) educators sought to create effective classroom materials for secondary/community college instructors to teach about the Cold War. The group's main goal was to create a flexible model that…

Introduction: the human sciences and Cold War America.

PubMed

Isaac, Joel

2011-01-01

Studies of the history of the human sciences during the Cold War era have proliferated over the past decade--in JHBS and elsewhere. This special issue focuses on the connections between the behavioral sciences and the culture and politics of the Cold War in the United States. In the recent literature, there is a tendency to identify the Cold War human sciences with two main paradigms: that of psychocultural analysis, on the one hand, and of the systems sciences, on the other. The essays in the special issue both extend understanding of each of these interpretive frameworks and help us to grasp their interconnection. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graham, T.W.

There has been a growing debate over the future of US nonproliferation policy. Some, including this author, believe that many current trends, especially the increasing delegitimization of nuclear weapons for all forms of extended deterrence, provide an opportunity to think about winning the nonproliferation battle - freezing or reversing the nuclear programs of the four current de facto nuclear-weapon states (India, Israel, Pakistan, and South Africa), and ensuring that no additional states are added to this list for at least the next 20 years. Others, including some senior Pentagon officials, believe that additional proliferation is inevitable, and that a realisticmore » reading of international politics requires the US to focus much of its nonproliferation effort on managing the proliferation that does occur - attempting to reduce the risks to international security posed by those states that gain access to nuclear weapons. The outcome of this debate could have a major impact on the spread of nuclear weapons over the next two decades, and thereby on the dangers the world will face in the post-Cold War era.« less

The Entrepreneurial State and Research Universities in the United States: Policy and New State-Based Initiatives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douglass, John Aubrey

2007-01-01

The convergence of United States federal science and economic policy that began in earnest under the Reagan administration formed the First Stage in an emerging post-Cold War drive toward technological innovation. A frenzy of new state-based initiatives now forms the Second Stage, further promoting universities as decisive tools for economic…

From "Postwar Pedagogy" to "Post-Cold War Pedagogy": An Overview of the History of Educational Theory in Japan 1945-2007

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Imai, Yasuo

2007-01-01

This paper examines the development of educational theory in Japan from 1945 to the present in five time divisions: (1) postwar "new education" and its critics (1945-52); (2) revisionist educational policy versus the people's education movement (1952-61); (3) the formation of "postwar pedagogy" as a self-reflection of the…

International News Flows in the Post-Cold War World: Mapping the News and the News Producers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sreberny-Mohammadi, Annabelle

1995-01-01

Reviews the global political environment, major global news providers, and technologies of global news production. Argues for a multinational comparative mapping of international news representation in the 1990s. Outlines a major international venture to update and elaborate the 1979 UNESCO/IAMCR study of foreign news in the media of 29 countries,…

Naval Arms Control: A Post-Cold War Reappraisal

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

94 A . BACKGRO UN D ......................................................................................... 94 B. WHY ...control, but that an appropriate time may come to exist in the future. For reasons why naval arms control may make more sense in the future, but not...34. Current Research on Peace And Violence. Tampere Peace Research Institute, Tampere Finland, Vol XIII, No. 2, 1990, pp. 65-86. For reasons why naval

The State of the World's Children, 1993. Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, James P.

This document is a summary of a report that argues that despite all the problems of the post cold war world, the means are now at hand to end mass malnutrition, preventable disease, and widespread illiteracy among the world's children at an estimated cost of $25 billion per year in additional aid to developing nations. To give this cause priority,…

Cult of deterrence: A moral and strategic critique of the anti-ballistic missile treaty. Master`s thesis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pringle, C.S.

1997-12-30

Ballistic missile defense is the morally and strategically superior alternative to the current system of deterrence, provided that it is responsibly implemented. Analysis of the Just War Criteria and the utilitarian justifications of deterrence present a moral obligation to pursue the alternative strategy of missile defense as a means of defending the United States. However, the Anti-Ballistic Missile (ABM) Treaty does not allow earnest pursuit of this alternative, despite recent efforts to exploit its loopholes and broaden its meaning beyond any reasonable limit. Moreover, deterrence can no longer provide the guarantee of security that it did during the Cold War.more » Offense-Defense Theory shows that revisionist states are not subject to the same calculations of effective deterrence that the Soviet Union was during that period. This strategic analysis underlies the moral evaluations and further supports missile defense. The cult of deterrence is presented as an explanation for the failure to adapt national security policy to the new international structure, as European powers failed to perceive the offense-defense balance prior to World War I. The ABM regime threatens to reproduce those same mistakes with even greater consequences.« less

Thaw in the Cold War: Eisenhower and Khrushchev at Gettysburg. Teaching with Historic Places.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Register of Historic Places, Washington, DC. Interagency Resources Div.

Using primary documents, maps, and visual data, this lesson packet describes how President Dwight Eisenhower working at his Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, farm, which is on the Historic Register of Historic Places, used personal diplomacy to help ease the tensions of the Cold War. The lesson materials can be used in U.S. history units on the Cold War,…

Rethinking Little Rock: The Cold War Politics of School Integration in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dejong-Lambert, William

2007-01-01

Though the impact of the cold war on the civil rights movement continued long after the desegregation crisis in Little Rock, the timing of the events in Arkansas, particularly the events at Central High School, constituted a unique moment in the history of the cold war. Up until the fall of 1957, the Soviet Union had been perceived as less…

The Third World Perspective on the Cold War: Making Curriculum and Pedagogy Relevant in History Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahmad, Iftikhar

2017-01-01

American and global history curriculum frameworks for high schools across the 50 states generally present the topic of the Cold War from the Western political perspective and contain material about the impact of the US-Soviet ideological rivalry on American society. This article argues that since the Cold War impacted the lives of people in the…

Someone to watch over me: exposure to war events and trust in the armed forces in Israel as factors in war-related stress.

PubMed

Zysberg, Leehu; Kimhi, Shaul; Eshel, Yochanan

2013-01-01

This study examined the role of trust in the national armed and security forces in Israel as a potential protective factor in post-war stress symptoms, alongside other known correlates such as exposure to war events, sense of danger, and demographics. A cluster sample of 870 residents of the town of Kiryat-Shemona in Israel participated in this correlational study. The town was under heavy bombing during the second Lebanon war, and data collection took place about a year after the end of the war. Our results suggest that while sense of danger and exposure to war events are the strongest correlates of stress related symptoms, trust in the armed forces was negatively correlated with stress, even after controlling for demographics; therefore supporting our hypothesis. Theoretical, methodological and practical implications are discussed in light of our findings.

[An attempt to combine humanitarianism and pacifism. The Red Cross and the Dutch movement for international peace].

PubMed

van Bergen, L

2001-01-01

Both the International and the Dutch Red Cross were heavily damaged by World War II. The Red Cross movement especially was blamed for its lack of care for persecuted Jews and political prisoners. To restore its reputation all kinds of initiatives were taken. Amongst these was an attempt of the Dutch Red Cross to cooperate with several pacifist movements in the Dutch Movement for International Peace and Security. It seemed a good and sensible initiative, especially in 1945, but although it was supported by international Red Cross resolutions, it failed. The DRC grew immensely in numbers in the years after 1945. With the cold war coming up the peace movement lost most of its popularity and therefore lost its attraction for the Red Cross as a partner. As in the rest of its mutual history, the attempt to humanise war did not mix with the wish to abolish it.

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-17

Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were...His mentor, the former head of the Hawza, was Ayatollah Abol Qasem Musavi-Khoi. Like Khoi, Sistani generally opposes a direct role for clerics in...now in parliament. Party’s power base is southern marsh areas around Amara (Maysan Province), north of Basra. Party militiamen play major role in

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-11-07

the Ottomans in World War I and took control of what is now Iraq in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans in Iraq earlier in World War... role in oil decisions. (A table on U.S. appropriations for the Iraqi opposition, including the INC, is an appendix).4 Another secular group, the Iraq...Sistani generally opposes a direct role for clerics in government, but he believes in clerical supervision of political leaders. He wants Iraq to

Airplanes, Combat and Maintenance Crews, and Air Bases. The World War II and Early Cold War Architectural Legacy of Holloman Air Force Base (ca. 1942-1962)

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-11-01

to develop and build an atomic bomb. The project was under the direction of physicist J. Robert Oppenheimer , a former student at the Los Alamos Ranch...of AAF Facilities (1942- 1943 ) 39 Victory in Sight and the Atomic Age: Consolidation and Disposition of Facilities ( 1943 - 1945 ) 42 Cold War ( 1945 ...Sight and the Atomic Age ( 1943 - 1945 ) 61 Cold War Inception (July 1945 -January 1953) 63 Nuclear Escalation (January 1953-November 1963) 72 Detente

Retooling for the Future

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-01

of the 21st century presented a global security environment unanticipated by the end of the Cold War and bipolarity between the United States and...Beijing ended the policy of isolation of the People’s Republic of China (PRC) following the “ping-pong” diplomacy. For almost a century China had been...NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND

Advising Foreign Security Forces: Implications of Korea and Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-02

advisors worked to train and retrain a quarter of a million French and Italian troops for combat in France following the North Africa landings, and...navigating sensitive political or diplomatic waters . Today, as in Korea and Vietnam, other than the Special Warfare School at Fort Bragg or the 162nd...of Korea: America’s First Committment in the Cold War, 1946-1950." In Military Advising and Assistance: From Mercenaries to Privitization , 1815-2007

Bulgaria’s Quest for Security After the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-01

Chairman Filip Dimitrov , while welcoming close traditional relations with the Soviet people, held the Soviet Union at arms length in an interview on the...8217 intentions and to spur them to further reform.’ 4 The Bulgarians took maximum advantage of the visit. Foreign Minister Boyko Dimitrov told reporters the talks...Many of the older generation of the Bulgarian elite were nurtured in American schools. Founder of the Bulgarian Communist government Georgi Dimitrov had

The British Nuclear Deterrent After the Cold War,

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-01-01

Scope for Further Franco-British Cooperation 86 Attitudes of Friends and Allies 9° 7 . SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS 94 A " Blessing in Disguise" for...on French decision, and French decision alone." 94 SOME POLICY IMPLICATIONS A " BLESSING IN DISGUISE" FOR EUROPEAN SECURITY It is time to take...but those disposing of any form of "weapon of mass i:LVictor A. Utgoff, "The Biotechnology Revolution and Its Potential Military Implications ," in

Environmental Assessment:Security and Safety Upgrades to Entry Control Facilities Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-08

meters; noisy urban daytime 70 – 80 Shouting at one meter; vacuum cleaner at three meters Gas lawnmower at 30 meters 60 – 70 Normal speech at one...military and political leaders during the Cold War. Since the National Aeronautics and Space Administration ( NASA ) was established in 1958, the...Preservation Needs with the Operation of Highly Technical or Scientific Facilities, specifically refers to the many active NASA and U.S. Air Force

The Use of Special Operations Forces in Support of American Strategic Security Strategies

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-28

Operations Command (USSOCOM) global threats have morphed. The world has evolved from a bi-polar conflict characterized by the Cold War through what may be...the community of nations and create a more stable and thus, prosperous, world . This paper sets the strategic context for future operations, defines...transported gamers into the world of SOF on daring missions to save humanity from rogue states and international terrorists. While each is entertaining

Advanced Sea Base Enabler (ASE) Capstone Design Project

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-09-21

Additionally, a study that examines a potential fleet architecture , which looks at a combination of sea base enabler platforms in order to close current...This change in premise spawned a post-Cold War naval intellectual renaissance , reflected in several Department of the Navy (DON) “white papers...information collected regarding the various systems is reliable. 3. Primary Areas of Focus Detailed engineering analyses, naval architecture or other

The Third Culture--A Conversation about Truth and Reconciliation: An African Americanist's Reflection on the "Two Cultures" Debate in Post-Modern Society

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Josephine R. B.

2007-01-01

C. P. Snow launched the "Two Cultures" debate in 1959 during the Cold War era. While lamenting a widening gulf in communication between scientists and literary theorists, he championed the supremacy of scientific inquiry over canonical Western European literary traditions of his day. Globalization has forced many academics in the United…

Operation Desert Shield: Thunderstorms of Logistics: Did We Do Any Better During Post Cold War Interventions?

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-20

above hypothesis, we must examine the seams of the operation. They are force structuring, distribution management , logistics intelligence, and customer...Iron Mountains, which is exactly what happened. Distribution Management ALOC distribution management problems included an ineffective theater tracking...deployments later the problems remained the same. Force structure and distribution management issues, the use of manual “non-standard” requisition

Distinctive Competencies: Taming the Marine Corps-glomerate

DTIC Science & Technology

1998-01-01

strategic objectives, intentions , and designs of allies and adversaries alike. The post-Cold War replacement of threat-based forces by capabilities... intentions to remain engaged, implicitly exchanging a strategic paradigm centered on visible forward presence for one based on aloof power projection...by defense leaders to “adopt and adapt the lessons of the private sector,” it is worth considering private sector tools for strategic planning that

This Earthly World: Edward Said, the Praxis of Secular Humanisms and Situated Cosmopolitanisms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roman, Leslie G.

2006-01-01

This essay unearths the educational and socio-political implications of Edward W. Said's work for our understanding of what a secular humanism might mean in the highly charged atmosphere of the post-Cold War and September 11 discourses that have pervaded the USA and, to varying degrees, other parts of the world. It asks what it means to move…

Fair Share or Freeride: Burden Sharing in Post-Cold War NATO

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-23

military facilities in Europe. 56 Carl Elk, NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current Issues (Washington DC: Congressional Research...Defense Minister Franz Joseph Jung replied, “our contribution is excellent.”114 Germany was clearly proud of its contribution to NATO operations, but...Monsanto, Portugal: NATO Joint Analysis Lessons Learned Centre (JALLC), 2011. Elk, Carl . NATO Common Funds Burdensharing: Background and Current

Peaceful atoms in agriculture and food: how the politics of the Cold War shaped agricultural research using isotopes and radiation in post war divided Germany.

PubMed

Zachmann, Karin

2015-01-01

During the Cold War, the super powers advanced nuclear literacy and access to nuclear resources and technology to a first-class power factor. Both national governments and international organizations developed nuclear programs in a variety of areas and promoted the development of nuclear applications in new environments. Research into the use of isotopes and radiation in agriculture, food production, and storage gained major importance as governments tried to promote the possibility of a peaceful use of atomic energy. This study is situated in divided Germany as the intersection of the competing socio-political systems and focuses on the period of the late 1940s and 1950s. It is argued that political interests and international power relations decisively shaped the development of "nuclear agriculture". The aim is to explore whether and how politicians in both parts of the divided country fostered the new field and exerted authority over the scientists. Finally, it examines the ways in which researchers adapted to the altered political conditions and expectations within the two political structures, by now fundamentally different.

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-06

Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were...INA; SICI; KDP; PUK; the CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the IMIK did not receive U.S...political role for clerics, but he believes in clerical supervision of political leaders. He wants Iraq to maintain its Islamic culture and favors modest

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-21

the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but...the United States to “support efforts” to remove the regime headed by CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al...quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics — but he has weighed in on major political issues. 10 ! Islamic Supreme Council of

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-09

Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were...support efforts” to remove CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the IMIK did not receive U.S...is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he believes in clerical supervision of political leaders.10 ! Islamic

From sword to chrysanthemum: Japan's culture of anti-miltarism

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berger, T.U.

The end of the Cold War and the phenomenal increase in Japan's economic and technological power put Japan today in the position to become, if it chooses, a military as well as economic superpower. The diminution of the Soviet threat and the increasing US preoccupation with domestic problems give Japan a latitude for independent action it has not had since the end of World War II. At the same time the US-Japanese security alliance, which has enabled Japan to adopt a minimalist approach to defense and national security, is being weakened by ideologically charged trade and other economic frictions andmore » a growing American perception of Japan as a threat to its interests. Moreover, in the long run Japan faces the prospect of having to deal with other rising regional powers, most notably the People's Republic of China. This changing international security environment thus raises question whether Japan, having become an economic rival of the United States, may not in the future become a military competitor as well; whether, after having adopted a pacifist stance for half a century, Japan may choose to unsheathe its sword once again.« less

The European Union’s Policy Regarding Peace and Security in Sub-Saharan Africa Since the End of the Cold War: Concepts and Implementation

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

Alexandra Krause , analyzing the EU’s role as an international actor in Africa, argues that the “policy of the EU towards sub-Saharan Africa – seen from a...Mwesiga Baregu and Christopher Landsberg (London, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2003), 301-316. 3 Alexandra Krause , “The European Union’s Africa...Intervening Variables,” in Krasner, ed. International Regimes, Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1983. Krause , Alexandra. “Die EU als

Article by LTG Qi Jianguo on International Security Affairs

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

jiaodian; 战 略 争 夺焦点) was Europe. After the Cold War, the Middle East became the focus of strategic 7 competition. At present, the focus of global...said to be unprecedented.” The important strategic thought (zhongda zhanlue sixiang; 重大 战 略思想) of a “great changing situation” (dabianju; 大变 局) is a...is the strategic concept (zhanlue gouxiang; 战 略构想) of accelerating the promotion of the process of multi-polarity. The great changing situation

U.S. SECURITY POLICY IN THE WESTERN HEMISPHERE: Why Colombia, Why Now, and What Is To Be Done?

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-06-01

especially since the end of the Cold War, are more reminiscent of the Roosevelt and Wilson Corollaries than the Monroe Doctrine itself. In 1904, President...ineffective legal systems, and illegitimate governance.24 All of these threats— especially drug trafficking— produce adverse social effects that undermine the... especially that of Colombia. That role, however, must be based on the correct identification of a range of actions and in proper proportions—that are

Report of the Eleventh Seminar Conducted by CNA and ISKRAN on Russian-American Relations, December, 1998. Volume 2: Detailed Discussions

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-02-01

Grigory Raporta The View from the Russian Security Council . . . . . . . 95 Meeting with Ambassador Uspensky THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK Eleventh...One can draw the unpleasant analogy that Russia, like Weimar Germany, must pay a kind of reparations for losing the Cold War. In this view , IMF assis...were difficult years for U.S.-Russian relations. Primakov did not always say "yes" like Mr. Kozyrev . But Primakov, while promoting Russia’s national

The United States and Environmental Security: Deforestation and Conflict in Southeast Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-06-01

Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro . This event marked a milestone in global environmental awareness; but just as the end of the Cold War has provided new...world attention was fixed on the Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro . This event marked a milestone in global environmental awareness; but just as the end of...Environment and Development, in Rio de Janeiro . The heads of over 160 nations hoped that the Rio meeting would put the •world on a path of "sustainable

Breaking the Code for Operational Planners: A Comparative Analysis of National Security Strategies Since the End of the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-04

their continual complaints to their own British brethren have also been ignored: They too have been deaf to the voice of justice and of consanguinity ...nations would be more likely to support free trade and democracy, that nations with growing economies and good trade relationships would be more likely to...interests such as a stable Europe, integrating Russia into the world market, strong relationships with allies, and access to space. The chapter

Secrecy vs. the need for ecological information: challenges to environmental activism in Russia.

PubMed

Jandl, T

1998-01-01

This article identifies the lessons learned from the Nikitin case study in Russia. The Nikitin case involves the analysis of sources of radioactive contamination in several Russian counties and in the Russian Northern Fleet. Norway was interested in the issue due to proximity to the storage sites. The issue involved national security and environmental protection. It was learned that mixing national security issues with environmental issues offers dangerous and multiple challenges. Environmental groups must build relationships with a wide audience. International security policy must include the issues of globalization of trade and the spread of environmental problems into the global commons (oceans and atmosphere). The risk of an environmentally dangerous accident as a consequence of Cold War activities is greater than the risk of nuclear war. Secrecy in military affairs is not justified when there is inadequate storage of nuclear weapons and contaminated materials. In Russia, the concern is great due to their economic transition and shortages of funds for even the most basic needs, which excludes nuclear waste clean up. The Bellona Foundation studied the extent of nuclear pollution from military nuclear reactors in the Kola peninsula of northwest Russia, in 1994 and 1996. Russian security police arrested one of the report authors for alleged national security violations. A valuable lesson learned was that local Russian environmental groups needed international support. The military nuclear complex poses an enormous hazard. Limiting inspections is an unacceptable national security risk. The new Russian law on state secrets is too broad.

Evolving perceptions of security - US National Security surveys 1993--1995. Progress report, September 30, 1995--November 14, 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Herron, K.G.; Jenkins-Smith, H.C.

This study analyzes findings from a national survey of 2,490 randomly selected members of the US public conducted between September 30 and November 14, 1995. It provides an over time comparison of public perceptions about nuclear weapons risks and benefits and key nuclear policy issues between 1993 and 1995. Other areas of investigation include policy preferences regarding nuclear proliferation, terrorism, US/Russian nuclear cooperation, and personal security. Public perceptions of post-cold war security were found to be evolving in unexpected ways. The perceived threat of nuclear conflict involving the US had not declined, and the threat of nuclear conflict between othermore » countries and fears of nuclear proliferation and terrorism had increased. Perceived risks associated with managing the US nuclear arsenal were also higher. Perceptions of external and domestic benefits from US nuclear weapons were not declining. Support was found for increasing funding for nuclear weapons safety, training, and maintenance, but most respondents favored decreasing funding for developing and testing new nuclear weapons. Strong support was evident for programs and funding to prevent nuclear proliferation and terrorism. Though skeptical that nuclear weapons can be eliminated, most respondents supported reducing the US nuclear arsenal, banning nuclear test explosions, and ending production of fissile materials to make nuclear weapons. Statistically significant relationships were found between perceptions of nuclear weapons risks and benefits and policy and spending preferences. Demographic variables and basic social and political beliefs were systematically related both to risk and benefit perceptions and policy and spending options.« less

U.S. Army War College Key Strategic Issues List

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-01

post “operational or strategic event,” compare the pre-event modeled outcome to the post- event ground truth . Considering the elements of PMESII...Personnel Management, and Culture: 1. What is the future of telecommuting in the Army and its implications on performance and productivity? 2. On...requirements. VI. Underground Facilities as a National Security Challenge: 1. The construction and employment of Hard and Deeply Buried Targets (HDBTs

Urban Counterinsurgency: Case Studies and Implications for U.S. Military Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-10-01

Politica Electoral Independiente (Original name for Christian Socialist Party)--Venezuela CRS Compagnies Republicaines de Securite (Republican Security...arguably has had the greatest political and military impact of any of the colonial insurgencies in the post -World War II period. The lessons drawn from...Def. SDECE Governor Cmdg General Post General 10th Mil. Region No. Af. Liai- National Territorial Gendar- Armed Forces son Services Police Police

All Possible Wars? Toward a Consensus View of the Future Security Environment, 2001-2025

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

technology that the truly unanticipated seems to be crowded out. Predictions from “our future as post-modern cyborgs ” to “the future of God,” would...Hables Grey, “Our Future as Post-Modern Cyborgs ,” in Didsbury, 20–40, and Robert B. Mellert, “The Future of God,” in Didsbury, 76–82. 305 See discussion in

An Analysis of Dissent.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keniston, Kenneth

Student activists in the US attend the best colleges and universities, approximate the intellectual and ethical ideals of their professors, and have experienced the affluence and security provided by post-industrial society. Their current moralistic protest concentrates on the Vietnam war and racism in the US. They are most dissatisfied with…

Universities and the Entrepreneurial State: Politics and Policy and a New Wave of State-Based Economic Initiatives. Research & Occasional Paper Series: CSHE.14.06

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Douglass, John Aubrey

2006-01-01

The convergence of US federal science and economic policy that began in earnest in the Reagan administration formed the first stage in an emerging post-Cold War drive toward technological innovation. A frenzy of new state-based initiatives now forms the Second Stage, further promoting universities as decisive tools for economic competitiveness.…

The New U.S. Strategic Debate

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

place a burgeoning debate is emerging about the nature of the post-Cold War world and the de- sired American role in it. Against this background...be read as a contribution to a better understanding of these factors. This study was produced as part of the "Beyond Containment: U.S. National...Chapter Two RETHINKING STRATEGY: THE NATURE OF THE GAME AND U.S. INTERESTS ............................ 5 Chapter Three THE NEW POLITICAL

The impact of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behaviors in post-war adolescents in northern Uganda.

PubMed

Okello, J; Nakimuli-Mpungu, E; Klasen, F; Voss, C; Musisi, S; Broekaert, E; Derluyn, I

2015-07-15

We have previously shown that depression symptoms are associated with multiple risk behaviors and that parental attachments are protective against depression symptoms in post-war adolescents. Accumulating literature indicates that low levels of attachment may sensitize individuals to increased multiple risk behaviors when depression symptoms exist. This investigation examined the interactive effects of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behavior. We conducted hierarchical logistic regression analyses to examine the impact of attachment and depression symptoms on multiple risk behavior in our post-war sample of 551 adolescents in Gulu district. Analyses revealed interactive effects for only maternal attachment-by-depression interaction. Interestingly, high levels of maternal attachment exacerbated the relationship between depression symptoms and multiple risk behaviors while low levels of maternal attachment attenuated this relationship. It is possible that this analysis could be biased by a common underlying factor that influences self-reporting and therefore is correlated with each of self-reported attachment security, depressive symptoms, and multiple risk behaviors. These findings suggest that maternal attachment serves as a protective factor at low levels while serving as an additional risk factor at high levels. Findings support and expand current knowledge about the roles that attachment and depression symptoms play in the development of multiple risk behaviors and suggest a more complex etiology for post-war adolescents. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cold War salons, social science, and the cure for modern society.

PubMed

Cohen-Cole, Jamie

2009-06-01

This essay examines how post-World War II Americans linked their understanding of domestic society and international affairs by using a common lens of psychological and characterological analysis for both. That lens was fashioned by social scientists and developed to study conformity and its opposite, creative and autonomous selfhood. Creativity offered a means to achieve the liberal national society they desired. Social scientists managed their technical definitions of conformity and autonomy as a way of defining reasonable political sentiment. This essay details how, ultimately, the forms of self and sociality they advocated for America were grounded in the kinds of community and interpersonal interaction they valued in their own professional lives.

Belaya smert: the white death.

PubMed

Rodway, George W

2012-09-01

In the late autumn of 1939, shortly after Second World War had commenced, the Soviet Union invaded Finland. This act of military aggression, henceforth known to history as the Winter War, was ostensibly carried out to secure a buffer state and better protect major urban areas such as St. Petersburg (then known as Leningrad). The Red Army's attack through the forests of northern Finland was a poorly calculated operation-in the little more than 3 months that the conflict lasted, the Soviets suffered extensive losses. The hit-and-run tactics of the small, winter-savvy Finnish Army resulted in a not significant number of Red Army casualties. But from the Soviet perspective, the Finnish soldiers were merely an annoyance compared with the real enemy--the environment. Cold injury reached epidemic proportions in the Red Army during this short conflict, apparently caused in large part by ignorance of environmental realities by the Soviet high command. Paradoxically, the Soviets arguably possessed the most extensive and sophisticated body of knowledge about cold injury prevention and treatment on earth by the late 1930s. There were significant lessons learned by the Soviets during the Winter War, however. When Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, the Red Army very successfully applied these lessons during 4 years of vicious winter battles on the Eastern Front. Copyright © 2012 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Six decades of educational multilateralism in a globalising world: The history of the UNESCO Institute in Hamburg

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elfert, Maren

2013-07-01

Created in 1945 as a specialised agency of the United Nations (UN), the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) was given, among other mandates, the task of reconstructing education systems devastated during the Second World War. UNESCO, in turn, and after some debate about an engagement in Germany, founded the UNESCO Institute for Education (UIE) in Hamburg in 1952. This paper traces the development of an institute which was founded to contribute to social renewal in war-torn Germany and Europe, functioned as a mediator between Western and Eastern countries during the Cold War and later shifted its geographical focus to developing countries. The institute was instrumental in conceptualising lifelong learning as a global educational paradigm, as well as in shaping the shift from education to learning and the concept of literacy as a "continuum". The author is particularly interested in the nature of the institute's niche which secured its survival in the uncertain domain of educational multilateralism in the past six decades.

Deterrence from Cold War to Long War: Lessons from Six Decades of RAND Research

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

highly credible intention. Declaring an intention to retaliate for an attack on U.S. territory was no threat in Schelling’s formulation ; it was a...unconditional commitments are not rational . We shall say 14 Deterrence—From Cold War to Long War that they represent a non- rational element in...this method is impractical. Another strategy that Schelling discussed was embracing non- rationality and simply giving the impression that U.S

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gildersleeve, C.W.

An interdisciplinary analysis of the post-Cold War world to determine the optimal strategy to attain the national interests of the United States, and the requisite logistic structure to support that strategy. The optimal solution is found to be a strategy based on multinational defense centered on a permanent force of United Nations garrison port complexes. This multilateral force would be augmented by as small a national defense force as necessary to ensure national security. The theses endeavors to reconnect the cultural and philosophical past of the United States with its immediate future. National interests are identified through examination of Americanmore » Pragmatism and the philosophies of John Locke and Jean-Jacques Rousseau. To determine the current status of common defense, based upon the Foreign Military Sales system, and analysis of current data is accomplished. Future threats to the United States are examined with special emphasis on nuclear terrorism. The ability of Islamic nations in North Africa and the Middle East to produce significant quantities of uranium is demonstrated. The grave political as well as ongoing environmental consequences of this recent capability are discussed in detail.« less

Charting Russia's Future in the Post-Soviet Era. Eighth Edition. Teacher Resource Book [and Student Text]. Public Policy Debate in the Classroom. Choices for the 21st Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Sarah Cleveland

Russia struggle with questions of identity and economic stability sine ending its Cold War relationship with the United States. In this unit students are asked to see the world through Russian eyes and to contemplate Russian choices in the areas of economic development, political organization, and foreign policy. The unit focuses on three distinct…

'Co-operation and Communism cannot work side by side': Organized Consumers and the Early Cold War in Britain.

PubMed

Gurney, Peter

2018-04-02

This article contributes to a better understanding of labour anti-communism in Britain through an exploration of the evolution of ideas and attitudes within the co-operative movement during the early Cold War. It demonstrates that the period witnessed an increasingly rigid separation of co-operation from communism and argues that this separation made it harder for activists within the co-operative movement to imagine a total or utopian alternative to capitalism. Drawing particularly on a close reading of the co-operative press as well as other sources, the study is divided into three main parts. The first section discusses sympathy among co-operators for the achievements of the Soviet Union, which increased during the war against fascism. The article then moves on to consider the continuing dialogue between British co-operators and their counterparts in European communist states and how international tensions shaped co-operators' views. The final major section explores the hardening of attitude towards communism after Marshall Aid was declared in June 1947, and underlines the role played by figures such as A. V. Alexander and Jack Bailey who worked with the Information Research Department at the Foreign Office to spread anti-communism within the movement. The conclusion reflects, more speculatively, on what implications this shift may have had for the medium and long-term decline of co-operation and the hegemony of capitalist consumerism post-war.

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-29

hundred Taliban captives were freed, as part of an emptying of the 1,200 inmates there); (7) the reported 40% rise in attacks (over 2007 figures) in...forces, and that the force is ethnically integrated in each unit. The naming of a Pashtun, Abdul Rahim Wardak, as Defense Minister in December 2004

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-15

Union; (6) the June 12, 2008 prison break in Qandahar (several hundred Taliban captives were freed, as part of an emptying of the 1,200 inmates there...in each unit. The naming of a Pashtun, Abdul Rahim Wardak, as Defense Minister in December 2004 also reduced desertions among Pashtuns (he remains in

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-07-11

emptying of the 1,200 inmates there); (7) the July 8, 2008 suicide bombing at the gates of the Indian Embassy in Kabul, killing 41, the most lethal...each unit. The naming of a Pashtun, Abdul Rahim Wardak, as Defense Minister in December 2004 also reduced desertions among Pashtuns (he remains in that

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-26

hundred Taliban captives were freed, as part of an emptying of the 1,200 inmates there); (7) a reported 40% rise in attacks (over 2007 figures) in the...forces, and that the force is ethnically integrated in each unit. The naming of a Pashtun, Abdul Rahim Wardak, as Defense Minister in December 2004

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-08

2008 prison break in Qandahar (several hundred Taliban captives were freed, as part of an emptying of the 1,200 inmates there); (7) the reported 40...more close involvement by U.S. forces, and that the force is ethnically integrated in each unit. The naming of a Pashtun, Abdul Rahim Wardak, as

Actinides in the Geosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Runde, Wolfgang; Neu, Mary P.

Since the 1950s actinides have been used to benefit industry, science, health, and national security. The largest industrial application, electricity generation from uranium and thorium fuels, is growing worldwide. Thus, more actinides are being mined, produced, used and processed than ever before. The future of nuclear energy hinges on how these increasing amounts of actinides are contained in each stage of the fuel cycle, including disposition. In addition, uranium and plutonium were built up during the Cold War between the United States and the Former Soviet Union for defense purposes and nuclear energy.

Cold-War Echoes in American Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Winn, Ira Jay

1984-01-01

The author believes a cold war ideology permeates our culture and poisons the minds of youth. The challenge to education is to awaken people to a historical and global perspective and raise public consciousness of the necessity for peace. (MD)

Public Health Crisis: the Need for Primary Prevention in Failed and Fragile States.

PubMed

Quinn, John; Stoeva, Preslava; Zelený, Tomáš; Nanda, Toozy; Tomanová, Alžběta; Bencko, Vladimír

2017-09-01

A new 'normal' in global affairs may be erupting from large global powers to that of non-state actors and proxies committing violence through scaled conflict in a post-Westphalian world generating significant global health policy challenges. Health security of populations are multifactorial and indirectly proportional to war, conflict and disaster. Preventing conflict and avoiding the health vacuum that occurs in war and violence may be best practices for policy makers. This paper considers an approach of applying clinical primary prevention principles to global health policy. Brief policy review of current standards and practices in health security in fragile and failed states and prevention; and definitions discussion. A short case study series are presented with best practices, with risk and outcome review. The global balance of power and order may be shifting through geopolitical transference and inadequate action by major global power brokers. Health security in at risk nation-states may be decreasing as a result. Small scale conflict with large-scale violence threatens health security and may experience increased incidence and prevalence in fragile and failed states. Preventative policy to resuscitate fragile and failed states and prevent further external and internal shocks may support health and promote a positive feedback loop of further state stability and increased health security. Public health policy shift to mitigate state failure and public health crisis in war and conflict through the basis of primary prevention may provide best practices and maximize health security for at risk populations. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

Hope, Hostility, and Interest: What Motivated Teachers to Teach about the Soviet Union after World War II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rapoport, Anatoli

2004-01-01

Historically, the cold war was a watershed that separated two epochs: the time of abnormal, although compelled, partnership of two political systems and the period of peaceful coexistence with barely hidden hostility. The peacefulness of the latter, however elusive and vulnerable it was from time to time, has to be credited to the cold war, a…

Cold War Propaganda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Paul W.

1988-01-01

Briefly discusses the development of Cold War propaganda in the United States, Canada, and the USSR after 1947. Presents two movie reviews and a Canadian magazine advertisement of the period which illustrate the harshness of propaganda used by both sides in the immediate postwar years. (GEA)

Civil-Military Relations in Post Cold War Central America

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-07

ARTICULO 246: Cargos y atribuciones del Presidente en el Ejército. El Presidente de la República es el Comandante General del Ejército e impartirá sus...1995 Constitution of Nicaragua, Title V, the National Defense, ‘Only’ Chapter, Article 95 says “ ARTICULO 95. El Ejército de Nicaragua se regirá en...the aforementioned insurgents, the Frente Sandinista de Liberación Nacional (FSLN-Sandinistas) and external pressures, the Sandinist government of

Melancholy Reunion. A Report from the Future on the Collapse of Civil-Military Relations in the United States

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-01-01

its em ­ ployees scattered. Corporate loyalty, it seems, has its limits. The Rise of Postmodern Militarism At the same time the military’s post-cold...war politicization was on the rise , the public’s under- standing of and resistance to military influence was declining radically. Traditionally...Deploy the Airborne. Crime out of control? Put Guardsmen on the streets. Troubled youths? Marine role models and military boot camps. Need

GLOBALIZATION AND THE DECLINE OF THE UNITED STATES ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT OF POWER

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

GLOBALIZATION AND THE DECLINE OF THE UNITED STATES ECONOMIC INSTRUMENT OF POWER BY MAJOR JOSH WATKINS A THESIS PRESENTED TO THE...ABSTRACT In the post-Cold War era, the economic instrument of power has been one of the primary means the US uses to influence international actors...This study seeks to determine if globalization has had an impact on the US’s ability to leverage economic power in international relations, and whether

Contemporary Turkey: Avoiding the Mistakes of Post-WWII Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-06

author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. U.S. Army... position between Europe, Russia, and Middle East and Turkey’s Ottoman Empire history have uniquely shaped Turkey’s secular government and Cold War and...expressed in this student academic research paper are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the

Revolution or Realism? United States-Iran Relations in the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-12-01

to mirror the American situation. 27 Tho wirhdawal of Soviet forces from Afghanistan, the subsequent disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the... Kozyrev met with Rafsanjani in Tehran in March. The purpose of the visit was apparently to increase bilateral economic and strategic ties in order to...strengthen stability in Central Asia. Kozyrev also said his task was to demonstrate Moscow’s support for the presidents reforms. "There is no doubt that

US Intervention in Failed States: Bad Assumptions=Poor Outcomes

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

OUTCOMES THOMAS G. KNIGHT COURSE 5601 FUNDAMENTALS OF STRATEGIC LOGIC SEMINAR A PROFESSOR DR JANET BRESLIN-SMITH ADVISOR COL JACK... Outcomes 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7...in minor areas. - CNN effect - Post-Cold War ‘defense dividend’ possible imperative to ‘use it or lose it…’ - State failure = regional impacts

From Reform to Reduction: Reports on the Management of Navy and Department of Defense Laboratories in the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

with many private sector companies to manufacture, field , and develop the products it acquires. As mentioned, the percentages of work outsourced ...been involved from the conceptual development all the way to operational testing and fielding of every major weapons system our Marines and Sailors...the ability to collaborate with contractors and assess the defense value of private sector technologi- cal developments . The inherently governmental

Summary of Research Academic Departments 1992-1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-10-01

States should choose where and when to future. Settling on an internationalist destiny for engage its military forces in the post-Cold War the U.S...information during the growth of fruit fly biological information during the cell cycle and viral embryos . Kinetics of The Reaction AI(’P") + H 20 Over an...those cells various cell types in a growing embryo . These are totipotent in tissue culture (i.e., all cells can should provide insight into mechanisms

Bonebrake Theological Seminary - Most Secret A-Bomb Project Site

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sopka, Katherine R.; Sopka, Elisabeth M.

2004-05-01

In late 1943, a small number of nuclear scientists was urgently assembled in Dayton, Ohio by the U.S. Army Manhattan District Engineers and Monsanto Chemical Company Research Division to set up a top secret research project essential to counteract the German atomic bomb threat. The site chosen was an old stone building built in 1879 by the United Brethren Church in a residential area known locally as the Bonebrake Seminary. Centered on a sizeable open plot, the austere three story building was surrounded by a tall cyclone fence with a narrow gate and a minimal guard post - nothing revealed the site's intense research activity then or even in the post-WWII Cold War period. Bonebrake scientists would produce the highly radioactive polonium sources for the plutonium (Pu-239) bomb igniter used in August over Nagasaki just before the end of WWII against Japan. The existence of Bonebrake and its research/production work remained classified top secret throughout the Cold War. Only in recent times can any reference be found even to the existence of this project (unlike , for example, Los Alamos or Oak Ridge) and few, if any details, have ever been published. The primary source of information for this paper is Dr. John J. Sopka who was recruited from Princeton University by the Manhattan District in 1943 as physicist for this project.

Potential Effects of Permanent Neutrality on Mongolia’s Defense Foreign Cooperation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

ideologies . The Shanghai Cooperation Organization, led by China and Russia, has only six member states, the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has...organization in East Asia that can support Mongolia’s neutrality like European neutrals have enjoyed with ideological support from European Union, NATO, and...wars, and most significantly in considering the competing economic and political ideologies represented in the Cold War. During the Cold War

Lethal Surveillance: Drones and the Geo-History of Modern War

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kindervater, Katharine Hall

Interdisciplinary both in scope and method, my dissertation, Lethal Surveillance: Drones and the Geo-History of Modern War, examines the history of drone technology from the start of the 20th century to the present in order to understand the significance of the increasing centrality of drones to current American military engagements and security practices more generally. Much of the scholarship on drones and many other contemporary military technologies tends to view the technology as radically new, missing both the historical development of these objects as well as the perspectives and rationalities that are embedded in their use. For this research, I focused on three main periods of drone research and development: the early years of World War I and II in the UK, the Cold War, and the 1990s. In studying this history of the drone, I found that two key trends emerge as significant: the increasing importance of information to warfare under the rubric of intelligence, reconnaissance and surveillance; and a shift toward more dynamic, speedier, and individualized targeting practices. I argue that the widespread use of drones today thus represents the culmination of attempts in war to effectively link these two trends, creating a practice I call lethal surveillance -- with the armed Predator effectively closing the loop between identifying and killing targets. The concept of lethal surveillance, which in my dissertation I place squarely within the histories of modern scientific thinking and Western liberal governance, allows us to see how techniques of Western state power and knowledge production are merging with practices of killing and control in new ways, causing significant changes to both the operations of the state and to practices of war. Framing the drone through the lens of lethal surveillance, therefore, allows us to see the longer histories the drone is embedded in as well as other security practices it is connected to.

H-Bomb Development: Decision on the Merits or Political Necessity

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-23

Army attempted to solidify its control of atomic energy in the post-war United States through the...capability to prevent the Soviet army from overrunning Western Europe.84 Reliance on atomic weapons combined with the recent...Robert Oppenheimer, Vol. XII, Transcript of hearing before the Personnel Security Board (Washington, DC: US Atomic Energy Commission, April 27, 1954

Education and Countering Violent Extremism: Western Logics from South to North?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Novelli, Mario

2017-01-01

This paper explores the way education and conflict have become entangled during the post-9/11 "war on terror" response to "radical Islam" at home and abroad. The paper charts the complex ways that education has been deployed to serve Western military and security objectives in multiple locations in the global south and how…

Afghanistan: Post-War Governance, Security, and U.S. Policy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-02

the 1,200 inmates there); (7) the reported 40% rise in attacks (over 2007 figures) in the U.S.-led eastern sector; (8) the July 13, 2008 on a U.S...The naming of a Pashtun, Abdul Rahim Wardak, as Defense Minister in December 2004 also reduced desertions among Pashtuns (he remains in that position

"Agricultural Statecraft" in the Cold War: a case study of Poland and the West from 1945 to 1957.

PubMed

Spaulding, Robert Mark

2009-01-01

This paper examines how the rise and fall of Polish agriculture affected the larger political and economic relationship among Poland and three key members of the western alliance - the United States, the United Kingdom, and the Federal Republic of Germany - in the first decade of the Cold War. This period is revealing precisely because the reversal of fortunes in the Polish agricultural economy required the Polish government and some western counterparts to maneuver through periods of both agricultural advantage and disadvantage. Agricultural strategies as means and ends motivated the Polish, British, West German, and American governments to actions that bent, stretched, and limited some well-established practices in Cold War relations across divided Europe. By explicating the political consequences of changing flows of agricultural exports and imports in one specific context, this essay serves as case study of the role of agriculture in the global context of the Cold War.

The artifact of nature: 'Spaceship Earth' and the dawn of global environmentalism.

PubMed

Deese, R S

2009-06-01

The metaphor of 'Spaceship Earth' employed by a diverse array of scientists, economists and politicians during the 1960s and 1970s points to the Cold War origins of the first global environmentalist movement. With the advent of Spaceship Earth, nature itself became at once technological artifact and a vital object of Cold War gamesmanship. The evolution of this metaphor uncovers the connections between Cold War technologies such as nuclear weapons, space travel and cybernetics, and the birth of the first global environmentalist movement. Revisiting Spaceship Earth may help us to better understand the implicit assumptions that have both empowered and limited that movement.

CRREL, 30 Years Retrospective 1986-1991

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

development. During World War n, organizations were created which, in 1961, were brought together to form the Cold Re- gions Research and Engineering...and the Cold War has thawed. In early 1991, the United States and a coalition of 33 nations fought one of the most successful military campaigns in...the history of warfare in the desert of the Middle East-a war that may reshape military doctrine for years to come. The United States is committed

Waging the War of Ideas

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Cloak without Dagger ’: How the Information Research Department Fought Britain’s Cold War in the Middle East, 1948–1956,’’ Cold War History 4:3...Afghanistan in late 2001, continues to demonstrate its potency, as shown by the deadly railway attack in Madrid in March 2004. However, the much greater...oppression, injustice, slaughter and plunder,’’ and has thus merited responses like the 9/11 attacks .21 Furthermore, waging jihad is not simply the

Harvey Cushing and some Australian connections: Part 2--post World War 1.

PubMed

Roxanas, M G

2010-03-01

Part 1 of this article (see Vol 17, pp. 168-172) described the early life of Harvey Cushing and his encounters with Australian doctors, mostly in various military hospitals, in France, in World War 1. As none of the doctors he met at that time became neurosurgeons, and hence did not shape their professional development. When World War 1 ended, HC returned to a heavy schedule of operating at the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital and to his university obligations. He received the Companion of the Bath from the British Government for his war services and wrote the history of US Base Hospital No. 5, which he directed during the War. Cushing's reputation as a neurosurgeon was now secure and he was ready to play an even greater part as an academic neurosurgeon, teaching students from all parts of the world and continuing his researches into cerebral tumours and the pituitary gland. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

North Korean Foreign Relations in the Post-Cold War World

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-01

Intentions, written Dr. Scobell, was pub- lished in July 2005. The second monograph, Kim Jong Il and North Korea: The Leader and the System , also writ... system to that of an aggressive nation representing a mortal threat. As if in fear of the DPRK’s “tyranny of proximity,” however, all three of North...fu- ture of the post–Kim Il Sung system opens up room for the outside world to use whatever leverage it might have to nudge North Korean leaders

Sustainment in the Army 2020: Using the Army’s Sustainment Principles to Identify and Mitigate Risks Associated with Organizational Change

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-12

redesign itself to be better suited to a post Cold War world . In 2008, the Army established the brigade combat team as the primary basic unit of...important to understand models established for the business world and not just those used by the military. Historically, the term logistics as we know...involves every possible phase of the product support process.12 Peter Drucker, a renowned management consultant, argued that logistics is

The New Big Science at the NSLS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crease, Robert

2016-03-01

The term ``New Big Science'' refers to a phase shift in the kind of large-scale science that was carried out throughout the U.S. National Laboratory system, when large-scale materials science accelerators rather than high-energy physics accelerators became marquee projects at most major basic research laboratories in the post-Cold War era, accompanied by important changes in the character and culture of the research ecosystem at these laboratories. This talk explores some aspects of this phase shift at BNL's National Synchrotron Light Source.

Stepping Up: Burden Sharing by NATO’s Newest Members

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-11-01

heat and does not lead only to a new sense of frustration and futility. This would be the worst outcome for the Alli- ance. But the great merit of...today. While the norms have remained constant, changes in the post-Cold War balance of power have placed ad- ditional stress on burden sharing...its more than 65 years of existence, many directly related to burden sharing concerns.5 Yet, the fall of the Soviet Union placed additional stress on

Defense planning for the Post-Cold War Era. Giving Meaning to Flexibility, Adaptiveness, and Robustness of Capability

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

with political leaders about alternative military strategies, there were few preliminary measures taken in response to strategic warning, the...NDRI). The project leader on this effort was Bernard Rostker. Rathbun, LCDR Robin E. (1992), " Strategic Mobility for the 1990s: The Mobility...PREFACE This study was prepared for the Joint Staff’s Director of Strategic Plans and Policy (D-5). It is intended primarily for mid- and high- level

The Budget of the United States Government. Department of Defense Budget for Fiscal Years 1992 and 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-04

and reached agree- ment with the Student Loan Marketing Association (Sallie Mae) to assume man- agement responsibility for the HEAF port- folio in... Sensitivities 29 Part Two. THEMES AND PRIORITIES TV. Investing in the Future 1 A. Investing in Human Capital and Reforming American Education 3...With U.S. leadership, the global response to the Iraqi invasion has the potential to set a favor- able precedent for the post-Cold-War era

Instability in the Post-Cold War World: A Model for Evaluation and Decision Making

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-04-15

countries. 1 3 In Bosnia-Herzegovina the Serbs, a mainly Christian culture, use their religion as a partial justification for their "ethnic cleansing" of the...Bosnians, a predominately Moslem culture. The clash of religions is also central to the battles between the Moslem Azeris and the Christian Armenians...Russians of the trans-Dnester region. 14 Even Buddhism, renowned as a religion of peace, figures in conflicts. The low level civil unrest in Tibet is

Preparing for the 2009 Nuclear Posture Review: Post-Cold War Nuclear Deterrence and the 2001 NPR Debate

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

of relying upon the minimalist idea of maintaining strategic deterrence only to prevent nuclear attack.[87] Joseph Pilat agrees and tries to make...Record Straight,” The Washington Quarterly 28, no. 3 (Summer 2005): 136. 87. Payne (2005), Op. Cit., 140. 88. Pilat , Op. Cit., 43. 89. Payne (2005...152. 91. Payne (2005), Op. Cit., 142. 92. Ibid., 146. 93. Joseph F. Pilat , “The New Triad,” in Wirtz and Larson, eds., Nuclear Transformation

The Debate over Japan’s International Role: Contending Views of Opinion Leaders during the Persian Gulf Crisis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-07-17

prominent and prestigious fora. Perhaps Japan’s leading exponent of the realist school is Seizaburo Sato , professor at Tokyo University, research director...involves Sato’s frank recognition of "how important military strength is to protect peace at this starting point of the post-cold war period.൩ Sato ...in an increasingly interdependent world.34 To Sato , noncoercive forms of power supplement traditional military might but they emphatically do not

Post-Cold War East Asia: A Geopolitical Overview With Recommendations for U.S. Force Posture

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

Its transition to institutional democracy was marked by assertive rhetoric and exploratory moves toward independence.21 From President Lee Teng-hui’s...accessed 18 April 2015). 59. Warren Strobel , “U.S. B-2 bombers sent to Korea on rare mission: diplomacy not destruction,” Reuters, 30 March 2013, http...Solomon, Jonathan F. “Demystifying Conventional Deterrence.” Strategic Studies Quarterly (Winter 2013): 117-157. Strobel , Warren. “U.S. B-2 bombers

Recent Cold War Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pineo, Ronn

2003-01-01

Cold War historiography has undergone major changes since the 1991 collapse of the Soviet Union. For two years (1992-1993) the principal Soviet archives fell open to scholars, and although some of the richest holdings are now once again closed, new information continues to find its way out. Moreover, critical documentary information has become…

Cold War Geopolitics: Embassy Locations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vogeler, Ingolf

1995-01-01

Asserts that the geopolitics of the Cold War can be illustrated by the diplomatic ties among countries, particularly the superpowers and their respective allies. Describes a classroom project in which global patterns of embassy locations are examined and compared. Includes five maps and a chart indicating types of embassy locations. (CFR)

Metaphor and the Rhetorical Invention of Cold War "Idealists."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ivie, Robert L.

1987-01-01

Presents a procedure for identifying metaphorical concepts guiding the rhetorical invention of three Cold War "idealists": Henry Wallace, J. William Fulbright, and Helen Caldicott, whose collective failure to dispel threatening images of the Soviets is located in a recurrent system of metaphors that promotes a reversal of the enemy-image…

The Representation of the Cold War in Three Estonian History Textbooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Korbits, Keit

2015-01-01

The article looks at the discursive strategies different Estonian history textbooks employ to represent the Cold War period, and the "commonsense" ideologies instilled through these representations. The textbooks analysed include two history books dating back to the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic and, for contrast, one written during…

It's No Secret: Fifty-eight Years of National Security Programs at BNL (463rd Brookhaven Lecture)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Indusi, Joseph

2010-11-17

Prepare for a true tale of suspense and international intrigue. A tale that began in 1952, continued through the Cold War, and is not yet complete today. A tale of unexpected allies. Hear the true tale of one Laboratory’s efforts to keep nuclear materials out of the hands of evildoers. Freidlander. Higinbotham. Dodson. Kouts. And many more! See some of BNL’s all-star cast in the defining roles that shaped their careers as they worked toward keeping the nation and the world safe from the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Splitting the mind within the individual, nation and economy: reflections on the struggle for integration in post-war Germany.

PubMed

Plänkers, Tomas

2015-02-01

With respect to theorisations of psychical splitting, this paper explores the psychical mechanisms that underlie different forms of social splitting. The paper first outlines Freud's and Kleins different theorisations of the psychical mechanisms of splitting, where the good is split from the bad, the inside split from the outside, and the painful disavowed. I then consider the psychical mechanisms of splitting that underlie ideological supports of certain social systems, specifically that of National Socialist Germany, East Germany during the Cold War period, and neoliberal capitalism. Here, I consider ideological splits between good and evil, the relation between external and internal splits, the relation between geographical, social and internal splitting, as well as splitting as disavowal of the other. Copyright © 2015 Institute of Psychoanalysis.

War experiences and psychotic symptoms among former child soldiers in Northern Uganda: the mediating role of post-war hardships – the WAYS Study

PubMed Central

Amone-P’Olak, Kennedy; Otim, Balaam Nyeko; Opio, George; Ovuga, Emilio; Meiser-Stedman, Richard

2014-01-01

Psychotic symptoms have been associated with post-traumatic stress disorder and war experiences. However, the relationships between types of war experiences, the onset and course of psychotic symptoms, and post-war hardships in child soldiers have not been investigated. This study assessed whether various types of war experiences contribute to psychotic symptoms differently and whether post-war hardships mediated the relationship between war experiences and later psychotic symptoms. In an ongoing longitudinal cohort study (the War-Affected Youths Survey), 539 (61% male) former child soldiers were assessed for psychotic symptoms, post-war hardships, and previous war experiences. Regression analyses were used to assess the contribution of different types of war experiences on psychotic symptoms and the mediating role of post-war hardships in the relations between previous war experiences and psychotic symptoms. The findings yielded ‘witnessing violence’, ‘deaths and bereavement’, ‘involvement in hostilities’, and ‘sexual abuse’ as types of war experiences that significantly and independently predict psychotic symptoms. Exposure to war experiences was related to psychotic symptoms through post-war hardships (β = .18, 95% confidence interval = [0.10, 0.25]) accounting for 50% of the variance in their relationship. The direct relation between previous war experiences and psychotic symptoms attenuated but remained significant (β = .18, 95% confidence interval = [0.12, 0.26]). Types of war experiences should be considered when evaluating risks for psychotic symptoms in the course of providing emergency humanitarian services in post-conflict settings. Interventions should consider post-war hardships as key determinants of psychotic symptoms among war-affected youths. PMID:24718435

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-04-02

after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans...International Religions Freedom Report, September 2008; DOD Measuring Stability Report, March 2009; various press and other documents...September 19, 2008, report on International Religious Freedom attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by religious minorities) to

[The hardest battles begin after the war].

PubMed

Sodemann, Morten; Svabo, Arndis; Jacobsen, Arne

2010-01-11

While psychic effects of war trauma are well-described, the somatic long-term consequences of war trauma have not previously been described. In three clinical cases from the Migrant Health Clinic at Odense University Hospital, we describe the complicated somatic problems which can be associated with a refugee status. The cross disciplinary team chose three cases that describe the long-term effects of war trauma. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) can appear 10-20 years after a primary war-related trauma and secondary trauma after the arrival in Denmark trigger and prolong post-traumatic stress symptoms with a range of somatic symptoms. Warning signs of an underlying PTSD disorder have often been present for many years, but overlooked or ignored. Many patients with PTSD and somatic symptoms loose previously acquired language skills, disintegrate and drop out of the labour market after 3-4 years in Denmark. Somatic symptoms along with PTSD can develop into a seriously complicated condition that requires skilled cross-disciplinary management. Experience from the Cross Disciplinary Migrant Health Clinic shows that by investing time in obtaining a full clinical and social history it is possible to increase the quality of life of these patients. Early screening and early specialized cross disciplinary and cross sectorial management are crucial to secure and maintain integration, but unfortunately the long waiting list to institutions that treat PTSD contributes to the high level of disintegration.

75 FR 57839 - National POW/MIA Recognition Day, 2010

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

... prisoners of war in distant lands, and to all servicemembers who have defended American lives and liberties... bring them home. Each year, specialists in our Department of Defense scour foreign battlefields and... those missing from the Vietnam War, Korean War, Cold War, World War II, and other conflicts. Their work...

Cold War: Talking with the Producers of the New Documentary Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Social Education, 1998

1998-01-01

Highlights the Cable News Network's (CNN) documentary series "The Cold War." Interviews executive producer Jeremy Issacs and producer Martin Smith about the series and its usefulness for educators. Includes a broadcast schedule for the 24 episodes. Notes that the series is endorsed by the National Council for the Social Studies. (DSK)

Socialism and Education in Cuba and Soviet Uzbekistan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charon-Cardona, Euridice

2013-01-01

During the Cold War over half a million Asians, Africans and Latin Americans studied and graduated in the Soviet Union's universities and technical schools as part of this country's educational aid policies. Cuba was an intermediary player in the Cold War geopolitical contest between the United States and the Soviet Union, fuelled by the…

How the Cold War is Taught: Six American History Textbooks Examined.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herz, Martin F.

This booklet is a comparative analysis of how six high school history textbooks present events and issues related to the Cold War. The texts are "History of a Free People" (Macmillan, 1973), "Rise of the American Nation" (Harcourt, Brace, Jovanovich, 1977), "The American Experience" (Addison-Wesley, 1975), "A New…

Assuming Identities, Enhancing Understanding: Applying Active Learning Principles to Research Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Victoria C.

2006-01-01

This paper describes a pedagogical technique employed for an interdisciplinary course on Cold War America. Students had to "become" a fictional person and discuss how political and social changes during the Cold War era would have impacted that person. By doing a semester-long project that required primary source research, this…

International Education during the Cold War: Soviet Social Transformation and American Social Reproduction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsvetkova, Natalia

2008-01-01

During the Cold War, the United States and Soviet Union employed various cultural and informational and educational tools to establish and maintain friendly political regimes in foreign states. In this context international education programs became a major part of their strategy to win the "minds" and "allegiance" and to…

The Changing Role of Vietnam in Southeast Asia: Beyond the Cold War

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-06-01

Hanoi ," International Affairs (Moscow) (September 1989): 74. 25 D. VIETNAM’S FOREIGN POLICY CONCERNS A resolution of the Congress says that the goal...interests 19 ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse if necessary and identify by block number) This thesis examines the United States relationship with Vietnam...in the aftermath of the Vietnam War and the end of the Cold War. Even though Vietnam’s path toward progress and growth is hindered by internal and

46 CFR 308.507 - Security for payment of premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Security for payment of premiums. 308.507 Section 308.507 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.507 Security for payment of...

46 CFR 308.507 - Security for payment of premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Security for payment of premiums. 308.507 Section 308.507 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.507 Security for payment of...

46 CFR 308.507 - Security for payment of premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Security for payment of premiums. 308.507 Section 308.507 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.507 Security for payment of...

46 CFR 308.507 - Security for payment of premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Security for payment of premiums. 308.507 Section 308.507 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.507 Security for payment of...

46 CFR 308.507 - Security for payment of premiums.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Security for payment of premiums. 308.507 Section 308.507 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.507 Security for payment of...

Between East and West: polio vaccination across the Iron Curtain in Cold War Hungary.

PubMed

Vargha, Dora

2014-01-01

In 1950s Hungary, with an economy and infrastructure still devastated from World War II and facing further hardships, thousands of children became permanently disabled and many died in the severe polio epidemic that shook the globe. The relatively new communist regime invested significantly in solving the public health crisis, initially importing a vaccine from the West and later turning to the East for a new solution. Through the history of polio vaccination in Hungary, this article shows how Cold War politics shaped vaccine evaluation and implementation in the 1950s. On the one hand, the threat of polio created a safe place for hitherto unprecedented, open cooperation among governments and scientific communities on the two sides of the Iron Curtain. On the other hand, Cold War rhetoric influenced scientific evaluation of vaccines, choices of disease prevention, and ultimately the eradication of polio.

[Welfare and health in the century of social security].

PubMed

Westin, S

1999-12-10

Great achievements for public health in this century include penicillin, oral contraception, vaccination and transplantation, but the greatest contribution to the health of Norwegians may have been made by social security and the welfare state policies. The beneficial effects of social security include: less social inequality, a factor which in itself makes for better health, some degree of financial security for people who are ill and unable to support themselves or their families, universal availability of medical and health services. This paper explores the ideas and sources from which present-day social security legislation stems. The emergence of state based welfare legislation was inspired by developments in Germany under Bismarck; accident insurance for industrial workers was the first to be introduced in 1894. Several periods of active social security legislation followed at times when labour unions and socialist ideas were strong, supported, to some degree, by radical clergy and public health doctors. Social democratic governments, inspired by the British Beveridge plan towards the end of World War II, took the lead during the long post-war period until the mid 1970s. The Scandinavian model of social security is based on universal coverage and a single payer system. However, since the 1980s, as in other countries of Northern Europe, the social security system has come under pressure from market liberalism. Now at the turn of the century, increasing social inequalities cause some concern for the future of the welfare state.

Proliferation: Threat and response

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-04-01

During the height of the Cold War, the Russian physicist Andre Sakharov said, `Reducing the risk of annihilating humanity in a nuclear war carries an absolute priority over all other considerations.` The end of the Cold War has reduced the threat of global nuclear war, but today a new threat is rising from the global spread of nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons. Hostile groups and nations have tried - or have been able - to obtain these weapons, the technology, and homegrown ability to make them or ballistic missiles that can deliver the massive annihilation, poison, and death of thesemore » weapons hundreds of miles away. For rogue nations, these weapons are a ticket to power, stature, and confidence in regional war.« less

How Much War Should Be Included in a Course on World War II?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schilling, Donald G.

1993-01-01

Contends that end of Cold War increases need for students to understand causes and aftermath of World War II. Recommends spending less time on military aspects of the war and more time on the economic, social, and cultural impact of total war. Provides a selected list of resources to be used in a college level course on the war. (CFR)

The Birmingham Burn Centre archive: A photographic history of post-war burn care in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Hardwicke, Joseph; Kohlhardt, Angus; Moiemen, Naiem

2015-06-01

The Medical Research Council Burns and Industrial Injuries Unit at the Birmingham Accident Hospital pioneered civilian burn care and research in the United Kingdom during the post-war years. A photographic archive has been discovered that documents this period from 1945 to 1975. The aim of this project was to sort, digitize and archive the images in a secure format for future reference. The photographs detail the management of burns patients, from injury causation and surgical intervention, to nursing care, rehabilitation and long-term follow-up. A total of 2650 images files were collected from over 600 patients. Many novel surgical, nursing, dressing and rehabilitation strategies are documented and discussed. We have chosen to report part of the archive under the sections of (1) aseptic and antimicrobial burn care; (2) burn excision and wound closure; (3) rehabilitation, reconstruction and long-term outcomes; (4) accident prevention; and (5) response to a major burns incident. The Birmingham collection gives us a valuable insight into the approach to civilian burn care in the post-war years, and we present a case from the archive to the modern day, the longest clinical photographic follow-up to date. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

Catalog of War Games

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-09

PROGRAM CATALOG OF WAR GAMES 92-30805 U *3fl91\\k~o 9 2 SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE I ,i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE la. REPORT SECURITY...4401 Ford Ave ELEMENT NO. NO. NO. ACCESSION NO. AIyxndriA. VA 229i2-14O1 --. 11. TITLE (Include Security Classification) Catalog of War Games 12...SCURITY CLASSIFICATiON OF THIS PAGE DECLARATION OF ACCORD 1. PURPOSE This catalog provides information on the primary war games , combat simulations

The relationship between climate change and wars waged between nomadic and farming groups from the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty period

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Su, Y.; Liu, L.; Fang, X. Q.; Ma, Y. N.

2016-01-01

In ancient China, shifts in regional productivity of agriculture and animal husbandry, caused by climate change, either led to wars or peaceful relations between nomadic and farming groups. During the period spanning the Western Han Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, 367 wars were waged between these groups. While 69 % of the wars were initiated by nomads, 62.4 % were won by the farming groups. On a centennial timescale, the battlegrounds were mostly in northern areas (at an average latitude of 38.92° N) during warm periods, moving southward (at an average latitude of 34.66° N) during cold periods. On a decadal timescale, warm climates corresponded to a high incidence of wars (a correlation coefficient of 0.293). While farming groups were inclined to initiate wars during dry and cold periods, their chances of achieving victory were reduced at such times. The main reasons for this are, first, that a warm climate provided a solid material foundation for nomadic and farming groups, contributing especially to enhanced productivity among the former. However, the overriding desire of nomadic groups to expand essential subsistence means led to wars. Second, during cold periods, farming groups moved to and settled in the south, while nomadic groups occupied the Central Plain. Thus, the locations of the battlefields also changed. While other factors also influenced these wars, climate change served as a backdrop, playing an indirect role in wars between these groups.

Toward a nuclear weapons free world?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maaranen, S.A.

Doubts about the wisdom of relying on nuclear weapons are as old as nuclear weapons themselves. But despite this questioning, nuclear weapons came to be seen as the indispensable element of American (indeed Western) security during the Cold War. By the 1970s and 1980s, however, discontent was growing about the intense US-Soviet nuclear arms competition, as it failed to provide any enduring improvement in security; rather, it was seen as creating ever greater risks and dangers. Arms control negotiations and limitations, adopted as a means to regulate the technical competition, may also have relieved some of the political pressures andmore » dangers. But the balance of terror, and the fears of it, continued. The Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) under President Reagan was a very different approach to escaping from the precarious protection of nuclear weapons, in that it sought a way to continue to defend the US and the West, but without the catastrophic risks of mutual deterrence. As such, SDI connoted unhappiness with the precarious nuclear balance and, for many, with nuclear weapons in general. The disappearance of the Warsaw Pact, the disintegration of the Soviet Union, and the sudden end of the Cold War seemed to offer a unique opportunity to fashion a new, more peaceful world order that might allow for fading away of nuclear weapons. Scholars have foreseen two different paths to a nuclear free world. The first is a fundamental improvement in the relationships between states such that nuclear weapons are no longer needed. The second path is through technological development, e.g., missile defenses which could provide effective protection against nuclear attacks. The paper discusses nuclear weapon policy in the US, views of other nuclear states, the future of nuclear weapons, and issues in a less-nuclear world.« less

Mapping Russia: Geographic and Cultural Diversity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khachikian, Arthur

For people living in the 20th century, Russia has been associated with images of communism, the Bolshevik Revolution, totalitarian regimes and leaders, and the fears and stereotypes of the Cold War era. The dissolution of the Soviet Union, the end of the Cold War, and the liberal revolutions of the 1980s-1990s have provided an opportunity to…

Private Higher Education in a Cold War World: Central America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrington, James J.

2009-01-01

In Central America the Cold War support of the elites by the United States was designed to ward off the communist threat. At the same time social and economic demands by the working and middle classes created revolutionary movements in the face of rigid and violent responses by Central American governments. Issues of social justice pervaded the…

On the Cultural Legacy of the Cold War: Sino-US Educational Exchange (1949-1990)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gu, Ning

2006-01-01

The Cold War affected the Sino-US educational exchange between 1949 and 1990. During those years, preparation for educational exchanges, personal contact and cross-government relations characterized the three periods of the exchanges. However, even though the relationship had developed very fast, it was by no means smooth sailing. These exchanges…

The Battle for the History Books: Who Won the Cold War?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyerson, Adam

1990-01-01

Discusses liberal and conservative foreign policy contributions to the end of the Cold War, as marked by the rapid liberalization of Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union. Emphasizes that the collapse of the Soviet empire occurred at the end of a decade of sustained conservative government in every major country of the Western world. (FMW)

The changing face of Hanford security 1990--1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thielman, J.

The meltdown of the Cold War was a shock to the systems built to cope with it. At the DOE`s Hanford Site in Washington State, a world-class safeguards and security system was suddenly out of step with the times. The level of protection for nuclear and classified materials was exceptional. But the cost was high and the defense facilities that funded security were closing down. The defense mission had created an umbrella of security over the sprawling Hanford Site. Helicopters designed to ferry special response teams to any trouble spot on the 1,456 square-kilometer site made the umbrella analogy almostmore » literally true. Facilities were grouped into areas, fenced off like a military base, and entrance required a badge check for everyone. Within the fence, additional rings of protection were set up around security interests or targets. The security was effective, but costly to operate and inconvenient for employees and visitors alike. Moreover, the umbrella meant that virtually all employees needed a security clearance just to get to work, whether they worked on classified or unclassified projects. Clearly, some fundamental rethinking of safeguards and security was needed. The effort to meet that challenge is the story of transition at Hanford and documented here.« less

Petrobarter: oil, inequality, and the political imagination in and after the Cold War.

PubMed

Rogers, Douglas

2014-04-01

Petrobarter--the exchange of oil for goods and services without reference to monetary currency--has been a widespread and underappreciated practice among corporations, states, and state agencies over the past half century. Analyzing this practice with reference to anthropological theories of barter adds to our understandings of two significant and intertwined concerns in contemporary social science: (1) the production and reproduction of inequality at various scales, from subnational regions to the international system as a whole, and (2) the generation and fate of mobilizing political imaginaries that challenge the abstracted, universalizing imaginaries so often associated with monetized exchange, especially in capitalist contexts. Barter exchanges featuring oil are, therefore, as analytically significant as the much more commonly studied transactions of oil and money. Ethnographic and historical case studies of petrobarter are drawn from the Perm region of the Russian Urals in the post-Soviet period and the global oil trade in the early Cold War. This view from the perspective of the socialist and postsocialist world, it is argued, provides an instructive counterpoint to the many existing studies of oil and money, both in and beyond anthropology, that are situated in the European-American colonial and postcolonial periphery.

20 CFR 404.1320 - Who is a post-World War II veteran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who is a post-World War II veteran. 404.1320... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1320 Who is a post-World War II veteran. You are a post-World War II veteran if you...

20 CFR 404.1320 - Who is a post-World War II veteran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Who is a post-World War II veteran. 404.1320... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1320 Who is a post-World War II veteran. You are a post-World War II veteran if you...

20 CFR 404.1320 - Who is a post-World War II veteran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Who is a post-World War II veteran. 404.1320... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1320 Who is a post-World War II veteran. You are a post-World War II veteran if you...

20 CFR 404.1320 - Who is a post-World War II veteran.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Who is a post-World War II veteran. 404.1320... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1320 Who is a post-World War II veteran. You are a post-World War II veteran if you...

U.S. Army War College Key Strategic Issues List

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-07-01

modeled outcome to the post-event ground truth . Considering the elements of PMESII (political, military, economic, social, information and...to the soldier? 6. Leadership, Personnel Management, and Culture: a. What is the future of telecommuting in the Army and its implications on...and Intelligence Reform Act requirements. 6. Underground Facilities as a National Security Challenge: a. The construction and employment of Hard and

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-02

three provinces of the Ottoman empire after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain...imported by government from national funds. Sources: CIA The World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report, September 2008...attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by religious minorities) to “terrorists, extremists, and criminal gangs,” while praising the

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-08

territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916. Britain’s presence in...2007 because $7.2 billion not approved by Iraqi government. Sources: CIA The World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report...Diwaniyah and includes forces from the following foreign countries: Armenia, Slovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, Ukraine, Romania , Lithuania, Latvia, Mongolia

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-11-19

control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916...Sources: CIA The World Factbook; State Department International Religions Freedom Report, September 2007; DOD Measuring Stability Report, September...2008 report on International Religious Freedom attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by religious minorities) to “terrorists

Violent Crime in Post-Civil War Guatemala: Causes and Policy Implications

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

on field research and case studies in Honduras, Bolivia, and Argentina. Bailey’s Security Trap theory is comprehensive in nature and derived from... research question. The second phase uses empirical data and comparative case studies to validate or challenge selected arguments that potentially...Contextual relevancy, historical inference, Tools: Empirics and case conclusions empirical data studies Figme2. Sample Research Methodology E

Understanding an Adversary’s Strategic and Operational Calculus: A Late Cold War Case Study with 21st Century Applicability U.S. Views on Soviet Navy Strategy and Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

principal target is domestic. It is a peculiar form of inflated Western self - esteem that turns a literature read for profit in the Soviet Union into a...17  Christopher Ford and David Rosenberg on ‘High OPINTEL’ in the Era of the...and David Rosenberg , The Admiral’s Advantage: U.S. Navy Operational Intelligence in World War II and 5 the Cold War (Annapolis, MD: Naval

Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency (DPAA)

Science.gov Websites

Conflicts Recently Accounted For World War II Service Personnel Not Recovered Following WWII Korean War annual publication of the Defense POW/MIA Accounting Agency. It chronicles Worldwide mission of our world VIETNAM WAR COLD WAR OTHER CONFLICTS NEWS, STORIES & SUMMARIES USS Oklahoma Sailor Killed During World

Patriot War and the Fenian Raids: Case Studies in Border Security on the U.S. Canada Border in the Nineteenth Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

THE PATRIOT WAR AND THE FENIAN RAIDS: CASE STUDIES IN BORDER SECURITY ON THE U.S.-CANADA BORDER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY...3. DATES COVERED (From - To) AUG 2016 – JUN 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Patriot War and the Fenian Raids: Case Studies in Border Security on ...nineteenth century. The Patriot War and Fenian Raids are examined as case studies on the same border occurring roughly thirty years apart. The

The Quest for Relevant Air Power: Continental European Responses to the Air Power Challenges of the Post-Cold War Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-01

Air Power Centre]), Col (GS) Thomas Lorber, FüAk (Führungsakademie); Lt Col Dr. Wolfgang Schmidt, Military- Historical Research Office, Potsdam; Lt Gen...Col (GS) Dr. Michael Wolfgang Romba, Col (GS) Hans-Dieter Schön and his staff, Col (GS) Lothar Schmidt, and Lt Col (GS) Michael Trautermann. In the...Multinational Air Wing (DMAW) Project,” accessed 2 March 2007, http://www.euroairgroup.org/act_DMAW.htm. 75. Wolfgang Lange, “Lufttransport—Ansätze

Nukes in the Post-Cold War Era A View of the World from Inside the US Nuclear Weapons Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wood, Blake Philip

Why do we have nuclear weapons? What is in the US stockpile, how is it deployed and controlled, and how it has changed over the years? What is in the “nuclear weapons complex” and what does each lab and plant do? How do the DOE/NNSA Design Labs interact with the Intelligence Community? How does the US stockpile, NW complex, and NW policy compare with those of other countries? What is easy and hard about designing nuclear weapons?

The Russians Debate the Kuril Islands Territorial Dispute: An Aspect of Russo-Japanese Relations in the Post-Cold War World

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-06-01

the existence of a territorial problem up until the time of President Mikhail Gorbachev. When Gorbachev visited Japan in April 1991, he admitted that...Alexei Arbatov and Boris Makeyev , ’The Kuril Barrier," New Times (42.92), p. 26. 34 diplomats and politicians which has taken shape has yet to be overcome...in English GMT 3 Mar 92 (FBIS-SOV-92-042, 3 March 1992, p. 22). 52 IV. ECONOMIC INTERESTS A. OVERVIEW Mikhail Gorbachev officially announced his

Attacking the Mobile Ballistic Missile Threat in the Post-Cold War Environment. New Rules to an Old Game

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-01

harassment, it was not until the Allied ground forces over- ran the launch areas that the threat truly came to an end.21 By becoming mobile, the Germans had...SS-6 “ Sapwood .”28 Korolev’s RD-105/RD-106 propulsion concept for this missile involved a total of five engines—a simple design based on German...to-air missiles mobile because we had a big area to de- fend. Our stationary surface-to-air missile sites were primarily around Moscow and others

Deterrence and National Security in the Face of an Amorphous Threat

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Werne, R

2001-01-05

The National Security threats that we face today and, in turn, the National Security . requirements, are more diverse and complex than they were during the Cold-War from 1945-1990. During that period, and bolstered by the experiences of World Wars I and II, US National Security policy was focused on the stabilization of post WW II country boundaries and containment of the Soviet block and China. The result was the bipolar world in which the nuclear and conventional forces of the United States, the Soviet Union, and their respective allies ensured a measure of political stability through a military stalematemore » of world wide proportions. The practical result was that large scale changes in national borders were unlikely, but internal conflict within countries, and local conflicts between neighboring countries could still occur, albeit with participation from one or both of the Superpower camps. US National Security Policy was designed primarily for stabilization of the bipolar world on the military front and for competition with the Soviet Union and China on economic and political fronts. The collapse of the Soviet Union changed the global picture. The bipolar world and its military stalemate appear to be gone for the moment and the threat which was the foundation for US National Security policy has changed significantly. Some will argue that China has intentions of replacing the Soviet Union as a military superpower and thus recreate the bipolar world. Furthermore, Russia still has significant nuclear forces and has recently talked of lowering the nuclear threshold in an apparent attempt to make up for its weakened conventional forces. Clearly the threat of large scale nuclear war is much reduced, but not gone entirely. Having acknowledged the Chinese and Russian threats, what does the global picture look like today? The boundaries of most countries are secure but there are significant frictions, that have, or could lead, to armed conflict. Most of these are today's manifestations of long standing problems with no easy solution in sight. It can be argued that most local conflicts will be of no direct threat to US interests. However there are situations where local conflict can have significant international impact if left unchecked, For example localized conflict in the Middle East could affect oil supplies world wide, open conflict between China and Taiwan could draw in Japan and the United States, India and Pakistan have armed conflict over Kashmir threatening a nuclear exchange, and North Korea continues to be a concern with its long range missile and nuclear and CBW, development programs. There is also the problem of state sponsored or sanctioned terrorism against the US and its allies. As with Korea, a number of countries have been identified as having had, or still having active chemical, biological, and nuclear weapons programs along with strategic missile programs that would enable them to deliver warheads to the US mainland or similarly threaten US allies. Furthermore the problem of the clandestine delivery of a weapon of mass destruction designed to target US civilian population centers is very real. Such threats designed to deter US policy initiatives abroad, have been termed ''asymmetric'' warfare and appear to be an emerging capability in a number of countries.« less

History and the End of the Cold War: A Whole New Ball Game?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clifford, J. Garry

1992-01-01

Contends end of the Cold War and demise of communism caught most historians by surprise. Questions whether increased military spending by Unites States was the primary cause of the fall of the Soviet Union and communist nations in Europe. Argues world is still a dangerous place, and the Unites States must be diplomatically skillful and encourage…

Environmental Assessment for the Space Complex-5 SCOUT Launcher Relocation, Vandenberg Air Force Base, California

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Agreement (L,nderJ) ;ng PA) stipu atmg thaI Cold War propertIes significant for their distir.c:ivc physical characteristics and ~hclr historic function...launch complex th t dir Iy upported ooerational missions 0 the exceptionally imp rtant Cold War program. n You l1ave aiso submi tea a map that outlines

Chinese Crisis Decision Making: Using a Cybernetic Approach to Interpret and Predict Beijing’s Behavior Under Stress

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Robert Keohane, “ Institutional Theory and the Realist Challenge after the Cold War,” in Neorealism and Neoliberalism: The Contemporary Debate, ed. David...George F. Kennan. New York: W.W. Norton, 1996, 270–79. Keohane, Robert. “ Institutional Theory and the Realist Challenge after the Cold War.” In

Working with the Cold War: Types of Knowledge in Swedish and Australian History Textbook Activities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ammert, Niklas; Sharp, Heather

2016-01-01

This article presents a comparative analysis of pupils' activities dealing with the Cold War in Swedish and Australian history textbooks. By focusing on textbook activities to which pupils respond in relation to their learning of a particular topic, this study identifies knowledge types included in a selection of history textbooks. The study also…

The End of the Cold War and Its Effect on Slavic and East European Collections in the West.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olsen, Margaret S.

1995-01-01

Presents a historical background of effects that the end of the Cold War had on Slavic and East European collections, and focuses on declines in the acquisition of new materials via blanket orders and exchanges. Examines results of a survey of Slavic librarians to determine acquisition sources. Tables display survey responses. (JMV)

The Influence of the Cold War on the Racial Desegregation of American Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watras, Joseph

2013-01-01

With the rise of the Cold War, federal officials in the United States sought to end the racial segregation that the U.S. Supreme Court had accepted in the 1896 decision of "Plessy v. Ferguson." Although the reforms began with changes in the armed services, they moved to reduce racial segregation in schools. Many forces brought about the…

Effectiveness and specificity of a classroom-based group intervention in children and adolescents exposed to war in Lebanon.

PubMed

Karam, Elie G; Fayyad, John; Nasser Karam, Aimee; Cordahi Tabet, Caroline; Melhem, Nadine; Mneimneh, Zeina; Dimassi, Hani

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness and specificity of a classroom-based psychosocial intervention after war. All students (n=2500) of six villages in Southern Lebanon designated as most heavily exposed to war received a classroom-based intervention delivered by teachers, consisting of cognitive-behavioural and stress inoculation training strategies. A random sample of treated students (n=101) and a matched control group (n=93) were assessed one month post-war and one year later. Mental disorders and psychosocial stressors were assessed using the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents - Revised with children and parents. War exposure was measured using the War Events Questionnaire. The prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD), separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) was examined pre-war, one month post-war (pre-intervention), and one year post-war. Specificity of treatment was determined by rating teachers' therapy diaries. The rates of disorders peaked one month post-war and decreased over one year. There was no significant effect of the intervention on the rates of MDD, SAD or PTSD. Post-war MDD, SAD and PTSD were associated with pre-war SAD and PTSD, family violence parameters, financial problems and witnessing war events. These findings have significant policy and public health implications, given current practices of delivering universal interventions immediately post-war.

It's No Secret: Fifty-eight Years of National Security Programs at BNL (463rd Brookhaven Lecture)

ScienceCinema

Indusi, Joseph [BNL Nonproliferation and National Security Department

2017-12-09

Prepare for a true tale of suspense and international intrigue. A tale that began in 1952, continued through the Cold War, and is not yet complete today. A tale of unexpected allies. Hear the true tale of one Laboratory’s efforts to keep nuclear materials out of the hands of evildoers. Freidlander. Higinbotham. Dodson. Kouts. And many more! See some of BNL’s all-star cast in the defining roles that shaped their careers as they worked toward keeping the nation and the world safe from the proliferation of nuclear weapons.

Military applications of reusable launch vehicles (RLVs)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sponable, Jess M.

1996-03-01

With the development and operational fielding of fully reusable launch vehicles (RLVs) becoming imminent, coupled with the ``end of the Cold War'' and fractionalization of the former ``bi-polar'' world into a ``multi-polar'' one, the need and potential for military versions of RLVs are being recognized by the military strategic planner. Recognizing the instability of the world order, especially with the potential for terrorism from all quarters, planning for the development of systems capable of defending our critical space based assests is becoming more essential. This paper presents some of the potential military applications of RLVs to support the Nation's defense and security interests world-wide.

Hydrothermal Synthesis and Crystal Structures of Actinide Compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Runde, Wolfgang; Neu, Mary P.

Since the 1950s actinides have been used to benefit industry, science, health, and national security. The largest industrial application, electricity generation from uranium and thorium fuels, is growing worldwide. Thus, more actinides are being mined, produced, used and processed than ever before. The future of nuclear energy hinges on how these increasing amounts of actinides are contained in each stage of the fuel cycle, including disposition. In addition, uranium and plutonium were built up during the Cold War between the United States and the Former Soviet Union for defense purposes and nuclear energy. These stockpiles have been significantly reduced in the last decade.

Not Just About the Science: Cold War Politics and the International Indian Ocean Expedition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harper, K.

2016-12-01

The International Indian Ocean Expedition broke ground for a series of multi-national oceanographic expeditions starting in the late 1950s. In and of itself, it would have been historically significant—like the International Geophysical Year (1957-58)—for pulling together the international scientific community during the Cold War. However, US support for this and follow-on Indian Ocean expeditions were not just about the science; they were also about diplomacy, specifically efforts to bring non-aligned India into the US political orbit and out of the clutches of its Cold War enemy, the Soviet Union. This paper examines the behind-the-scenes efforts at the highest reaches of the US government to extract international political gain out of a large-scale scientific effort.

Nowhere to run, rabbit: the cold-war calculus of disease ecology.

PubMed

Anderson, Warwick

2017-06-01

During the cold war, Frank Fenner (protégé of Macfarlane Burnet and René Dubos) and Francis Ratcliffe (associate of A. J. Nicholson and student of Charles Elton) studied mathematically the coevolution of host resistance and parasite virulence when myxomatosis was unleashed on Australia's rabbit population. Later, Robert May called Fenner the "real hero" of disease ecology for his mathematical modeling of the epidemic. While Ratcliffe came from a tradition of animal ecology, Fenner developed an ecological orientation in World War II through his work on malaria control (with Ratcliffe and Ian Mackerras, among others)-that is, through studies of tropical medicine. This makes Fenner at least a partial exception to other senior disease ecologists in the region, most of whom learned their ecology from examining responses to agricultural challenges and animal husbandry problems in settler colonial society. Here I consider the local ecologies of knowledge in southeastern Australia during this period, and describe the particular cold-war intellectual niche that Fenner and Ratcliffe inhabited.

Enhancing U.S. National Security: The Case for Hemispheric Free Trade

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-15

to shape much of the post-World War II international order. Institutions created then at U.S. behest, and which still guide the world’s affairs today... the United Nations, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, the Organization of American...those services or agricultural products effectively. Given this erosion in international trade discipline, the GATT has understandably come under

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-10-02

the Ottoman empire after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq... Religions Freedom Report, September 2007; DOD Measuring Stability Report, September 2008. CRS-3 1 Bush, George H.W., and Brent Scowcroft. A World...politically. Similarly, the September 19, 2008 report on International Religious Freedom attributed restrictions on the free exercise of religion (by

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-08-12

took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916... Religions Freedom Report, September 2007; DOD Measuring Stability Report, June 2008. CRS-3 1 Bush, George H.W., and Brent Scowcroft. A World Transformed...Armenia, Slovakia, Denmark, El Salvador, Ukraine, Romania , Lithuania, Latvia, Mongolia, and Kazakhstan. Polish forces number 900, down from a high

Air and Space Power Journal. Volume 29, Number 4. July-August 2015

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

Afghanistan, and Pakistan. It is incredibly difficult to prevent these attacks when the most explicit strategies are reactive ex post facto military...Editor, Strategic Studies Quarterly Air Force Research Institute Dr. Grant T. Hammond USAF Center for Strategy and Technology Dr. Dale L. Hayden Air Force...of War Studies at King’s College London, researches nonproliferation, terrorism, and US security policy. He observes that deterrence strategies

The Hope for American School Reform: The Cold War Pursuit of Inquiry Learning in Social Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Ronald W.

2010-01-01

As the issue of school reform grows ever more intense, it is imperative that we learn what we can from previous efforts. The new social studies was a 1960's attempt to transform the teaching of history and the social sciences in schools. With origins in the Cold War, the movement sought to develop critical thinkers through "inquiry" and…

The Application of Hermeneutical Analysis to Research on the Cold War in Soviet Animation Media Texts from the Second Half of the 1940s

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fedorov, A. V.

2015-01-01

The Cold War era, which spawned a mutual ideological confrontation between communist and capitalist countries, left its mark on all categories of media texts, including cartoons and animations. Cartoons were used by the authorities as tools for delivering the necessary confrontational ideological content in an attractive folkloric, fairy-tale…

Native Americans in Cold War Public Diplomacy: Indian Politics, American History, and the US Information Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denson, Andrew

2012-01-01

This essay examines the depiction of Native Americans by the US Information Agency (USIA), the bureau charged with explaining American politics to the international public during the Cold War. In the 1950s and 1960s, the USIA broadcast the message that Americans had begun to acknowledge their nation's history of conquest and were working to…

Science and technology review, April 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Upadhye, R.

1997-04-01

This month's issue has the following articles: (1) The Laboratory in the News; (2) Commentary by Tom Isaacs--Shaping Nuclear Materials Policy; (3) Dealing with a Dangerous Surplus from the Cold War--Since the end of the Cold War, the Laboratory has been spearheading studies on the disposition of surplus weapons plutonium; (4) Volcanoes: A Peek into Our Planet's Plumbing; and (5) Optical Networks: The Wave of the Future.

The Congress for Cultural Freedom, "Minerva," and the Quest for Instituting "Science Studies" in the Age of Cold War

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aronova, Elena

2012-01-01

The Congress for Cultural Freedom is remembered as a paramount example of the "cultural cold wars." In this paper, I discuss the ways in which this powerful transnational organization sought to promote "science studies" as a distinct--and politically relevant--area of expertise, and part of the CCF broader agenda to offer a renewed framework for…

The Effects of Japan’s Apology for World War II Atrocities on Regional Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

textbooks and by government officials visiting Yasukuni Shrine, where Japan’s war dead are commemorated. The Japanese counter that they have offered... textbooks , Yasukuni War Shrine, Japan Apology, Article 9. 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF REPORT Unclassified 18. SECURITY...World War II. They assert that Japan feels no remorse, as evidenced by treatment of World War II in Japanese school textbooks and by government

Science and technology in the stockpile stewardship program, S & TR reprints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Storm, E

This document reports on these topics: Computer Simulations in Support of National Security; Enhanced Surveillance of Aging Weapons; A New Precision Cutting Tool: The Femtosecond Laser; Superlasers as a Tool of Stockpile Stewardship; Nova Laser Experiments and Stockpile Stewardship; Transforming Explosive Art into Science; Better Flash Radiography Using the FXR; Preserving Nuclear Weapons Information; Site 300Õs New Contained Firing Facility; The Linear Electric Motor: Instability at 1,000 gÕs; A Powerful New Tool to Detect Clandestine Nuclear Tests; High Explosives in Stockpile Surveillance Indicate Constancy; Addressing a Cold War Legacy with a New Way to Produce TATB; JumpinÕ Jupiter! Metallic Hydrogen;more » Keeping the Nuclear Stockpile Safe, Secure, and Reliable; The Multibeam FabryÐPerot Velocimeter: Efficient Measurements of High Velocities; Theory and Modeling in Material Science; The Diamond Anvil Cell; Gamma-Ray Imaging Spectrometry; X-Ray Lasers and High-Density Plasma« less

Review of Cold War Freud, Psychiatry in Communist Europe, and Psiquiatría, Psicoánalisis y Cultura Comunista: Batallas Ideológicas en la Guerra Fria [Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis and Communist Culture: Ideological Battles in the Cold War].

PubMed

Innamorati, Marco

2017-08-01

Reviews the books, Cold War Freud by D. Herzog (2016), Psychiatry in Communist Europe edited by M. Savelli and S. Marks (2015), and Psiquiatría, Psicoánalisis y Cultura Comunista: Batallas Ideológicas en la Guerra Fria [Psychiatry, psychoanalysis and communist culture: Ideological battles in the Cold War] by H. Vezzetti. On the whole, the three books show how the Cold War influenced, in various ways, psychiatric and psychotherapeutic cultures. Beyond the Iron Curtain, as one can perceive from the book edited by Savelli and Marks (2015), politics explicitly set the agenda for the psychological sciences, using them even to invent ad hoc nosologies, useful for purposes related to power. In the United States, on the other hand, as Herzog (2016) pinpoints, the political situation affected the same field, even if indirectly, as in the Christianization of a discipline-psychoanalysis-the creator of which proudly declared himself an atheist Jew. In other Western countries, the relationship between psychiatry and power could bring about paradoxical results. From Vezzetti's (2016) book, one can ascertain that psychiatric culture might assume an overtly opposing stance toward political power. Vezzetti scans the case of Argentina, and partly of France, but they were not isolated cases. In Italy, for example, a movement of radical psychiatrists understood their role as a necessary opposition to political power, having as an aim the "liberation" of patients locked up in the psychiatric hospitals (Foot, 2015). (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessing the Institution of the Nuclear Nonproliferation Regime

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Toomey, Christopher

2010-05-14

The nuclear nonproliferation regime is facing a crisis of effectiveness. During the Cold War, the regime was relatively effective in stemming the proliferation of nuclear weapons and building an institutional structure that could, under certain conditions, ensure continued success. However, in the evolving global context, the traditional approaches are becoming less appropriate. Globalization has introduced new sets of stresses on the nonproliferation regime, such as the rise of non-state actors, broadening extensity and intensity of supply chains, and the multipolarization of power. This evolving global context demands an analytical and political flexibility in order to meet future threats. Current institutionalmore » capabilities established during the Cold War are now insufficient to meet the nonproliferation regime’s current and future needs. The research was based on information gathered through interviews and reviews of the relevant literature, and two dominant themes emerged. First, that human security should be integrated into the regime to account for the rise of non-state actors and networked violence. Second, confidence in the regime’s overall effectiveness has eroded at a time where verification-based confidence is becoming more essential. The research postulates that a critical analysis of the regime that fully utilizes institutional theory, with its focus on rules, normative structures, and procedures will be essential to adapting the regime to the current global context, building mechanisms for generating trust, creating better enforcement, and providing flexibility for the future.« less

"This war for men's minds": the birth of a human science in Cold War America.

PubMed

Martin-Nielsen, Janet

2010-01-01

The past decade has seen an explosion of work on the history of the human sciences during the Cold War. This work, however, does not engage with one of the leading human sciences of the period: linguistics. This article begins to rectify this knowledge gap by investigating the influence of linguistics and its concept of study, language, on American public, political and intellectual life during the postwar and early Cold War years. I show that language emerged in three frameworks in this period: language as tool, language as weapon, and language as knowledge. As America stepped onto the international stage, language and linguistics were at the forefront: the military poured millions of dollars into machine translation, American diplomats were required to master scores of foreign languages, and schoolchildren were exposed to language-learning on a scale never before seen in the United States. Together, I argue, language and linguistics formed a critical part of the rise of American leadership in the new world order - one that provided communities as dispersed as the military, the diplomatic corps, scientists and language teachers with a powerful way of tackling the problems they faced. To date, linguistics has not been integrated into the broader framework of Cold War human sciences. In this article, I aim to bring both language, as concept, and linguistics, as discipline, into this framework. In doing so, I pave the way for future work on the history of linguistics as a human science.

20 CFR 404.1323 - Post-World War II service excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Post-World War II service excluded. 404.1323... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1323 Post-World War II service excluded. Your service was not in the active service...

20 CFR 404.1322 - Post-World War II service included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Post-World War II service included. 404.1322... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1322 Post-World War II service included. Your service was in the active service of...

20 CFR 404.1322 - Post-World War II service included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Post-World War II service included. 404.1322... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1322 Post-World War II service included. Your service was in the active service of...

20 CFR 404.1323 - Post-World War II service excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Post-World War II service excluded. 404.1323... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1323 Post-World War II service excluded. Your service was not in the active service...

20 CFR 404.1322 - Post-World War II service included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Post-World War II service included. 404.1322... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1322 Post-World War II service included. Your service was in the active service of...

20 CFR 404.1323 - Post-World War II service excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Post-World War II service excluded. 404.1323... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1323 Post-World War II service excluded. Your service was not in the active service...

20 CFR 404.1322 - Post-World War II service included.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Post-World War II service included. 404.1322... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1322 Post-World War II service included. Your service was in the active service of...

20 CFR 404.1323 - Post-World War II service excluded.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Post-World War II service excluded. 404.1323... DISABILITY INSURANCE (1950- ) Wage Credits for Veterans and Members of the Uniformed Services Post-World War II Veterans § 404.1323 Post-World War II service excluded. Your service was not in the active service...

Ten Years of Legacy Management: U.S. DOE Office of Legacy Management Accomplishments - 13246

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carter, Tony; Miller, Judith

2013-07-01

The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) established the Office of Legacy Management (LM) to provide a long-term, sustainable solution to environmental impacts that remain from nuclear weapons production during World War II and the Cold War. The production activities created adverse environmental conditions at over 100 sites. When LM was established on December 15, 2003, it became responsible for 33 sites where active environmental remediation was complete. Currently, LM is responsible for long-term surveillance and maintenance of environmental remedies, promotion of beneficial reuse of land and buildings, and management of records and information at 89 sites in 29 states andmore » Puerto Rico. LM is also responsible for meeting contractual obligations associated with former contractor workers' pensions and post-retirement benefits. Effectively addressing this environmental and human legacy will continue to require a focused and well-managed effort. (authors)« less

Medical support for Operation Cooperative Nugget '95: joint readiness training in the post-cold war era.

PubMed

Jerant, A F; Epperly, T D; Marionneaux, R D

1997-11-01

The purpose of this paper is to report the demographic characteristics, injury and illness profiles, and dispositions of patients seen at the 249th General Hospital during its month-long deployment in support of Operation Cooperative Nugget '95 at the Joint Readiness Training Center (JRTC), Fort Polk, Louisiana. A descriptive analysis of patient demographic, diagnostic, and disposition data was performed. A total of 769 patient contacts were made, with orthopedic injuries (31%), dermatologic disorders (17%), upper respiratory infections (6%), and heat injuries (5%) accounting for the majority of visits. Because of aggressive preventive medicine interventions, there were no cases of heat stroke despite daily heat indices of 110 to 120 degrees F. In addition to emphasizing the importance of anticipating environmental medical threats, the authors relate some lessons learned, which should be valuable to medical providers tasked for future multinational operations other than war at the JRTC and elsewhere.

"If You Had Told Me before That These Students Were Russians, I Would Not Have Believed It": An International Project about the (New) "Cold War"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wansink, Bjorn; Zuiker, Itzél; Wubbels, Theo; Kamman, Maurits; Akkerman, Sanne

2017-01-01

Bjorn Wansink and his co-authors have aligned their teaching of a recent and controversial historical issue--the Cold War--in the light of a contemporary incident. This article demonstrates a means of ensuring that students understand that different cultures' views of their shared past are nuanced, rather than monolithic--a different concept in…

To Be Black, & Gifted & Red: Cold War Period Yields New, Provocative Ground for Contemporary Scholars

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keels, Crystal L.

2004-01-01

Today's climate of supercharged patriotism and apparent intolerance for comment or critique calls to mind an earlier period of U.S. history. The Cold War that began in the mid-to late-1940s, along with McCarthyism and the anti-communist movement in the early 1950s, created an atmosphere of national hysteria and paranoia. For the past decade,…

COMPETING IN THE SOCIAL BATTLESPACE: INFLUENCING THE THREE DOMAINS

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-01

Legacy (Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2009), 33. 39 Norman Polmar and Kenneth J. Moore, Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S...and shot Brown six times in the back, killing him. Michael Brown would lay four hours on the pavement as additional police officers and...Cornell University Press. Polmar, Norman, and Kenneth J. Moore. Cold War Submarines: The Design and Construction of U.S. and Soviet Submarines

The cold war context of the golden jubilee, or, why we think of mendel as the father of genetics.

PubMed

Wolfe, Audra J

2012-01-01

In September 1950, the Genetics Society of America (GSA) dedicated its annual meeting to a "Golden Jubilee of Genetics" that celebrated the 50th anniversary of the rediscovery of Mendel's work. This program, originally intended as a small ceremony attached to the coattails of the American Institute of Biological Sciences (AIBS) meeting, turned into a publicity juggernaut that generated coverage on Mendel and the accomplishments of Western genetics in countless newspapers and radio broadcasts. The Golden Jubilee merits historical attention as both an intriguing instance of scientific commemoration and as an early example of Cold War political theatre. Instead of condemning either Lysenko or Soviet genetics, the Golden Jubilee would celebrate Mendel - and, not coincidentally, the practical achievements in plant and animal breeding his work had made possible. The American geneticists' focus on the achievements of Western genetics as both practical and theoretical, international, and, above all, non-ideological and non-controversial, was fully intended to demonstrate the success of the Western model of science to both the American public and scientists abroad at a key transition point in the Cold War. An implicit part of this article's argument, therefore, is the pervasive impact of the Cold War in unanticipated corners of postwar scientific culture.

Leadership From the Centre: A New Foreign and Security Policy for Germany

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

this period, a new Germany confident enough to declare leadership from the centre assumed de facto leadership in the European Union. The dichotomy of...enough to declare leadership from the centre assumed de facto leadership in the European Union. The dichotomy of Germany’s past and ambitions in foreign...14 C. THE REALPOLITIK OF THE POST -WAR ORDER ........................ 17 III. REUNIFICATION AND THE RISE OF THE CIVILIAN POWER ............ 23 A

The Chinese People’s Liberation Army in 2025

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

China,” Communist and Post -Communist Studies , Vol. 31, No. 3, September 1998, p. 287-302. 80 18. Joseph Fewsmith, China Since Tiananmen, 2nd Ed...NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) U.S. Army War College,Strategic Studies Institute...Strategic Studies Institute publishes national security and strategic research and analysis to influence policy debate and bridge the gap between

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-09

forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World...generally opposes a direct role for clerics in government, but he believes in clerical supervision of political leaders. He wants Iraq to maintain its...parliament. Party’s power base is southern marsh areas around Amara (Maysan Province), north of Basra. Party militiamen play major role in policing areas

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-05-10

forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in...Sistani generally opposes a direct role for clerics in government, but he believes in clerical supervision of political leaders. He wants Iraq to maintain...Party’s power base is southern marsh areas around Amara (Maysan Province), north of Basra. Party militiamen play role in policing areas of the

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-22

formed from three provinces of the Ottoman empire after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 ...opposes a direct role for clerics in government, but he believes in clerical supervision of political leaders. He wants Iraq to maintain its Islamic...Party’s power base is southern marsh areas around Amara (Maysan Province), north of Basra. Party militiamen play major role in policing areas of the

The Diplomacy of the Jaguar: French Airpower in Postcolonial African Conflicts

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

turned back. Lorell, Airpower in Peripheral Conflict, 46. 32. Ibid., 48. 33. Ibid., 49. 34. Martel, Histoire Militaire de la France, 563. 35. Lorell...Airpower in Peripheral Conflict, 50. 36. Martel, Histoire Militaire de la France, 563. 37. Chipman, French Military Policy and African Security, 9. 38...Pro- longed Wars: A Post-Nuclear Challenge. Maxwell AFB, AL: Air University Press, March 2005. 39 Martel, André, ed. Histoire Militaire de la France

The Operational Commander’s Role in Planning and Executing a Successful Campaign

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-04-20

44 IS. PRICE CODE RIDGWAY IN KOREAN WAR AS CDR 8th ARMY ________ It. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 10. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION 13. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION...Field-Marshal Slim as the 14th Army commander in Burma; General MacArthur in the World War II Cartwheel Operation and General Ridgway as the 8th Army...64 :. Introduction In his book, Command in War , Martin Van Creveld referred to the period of strategic

20 CFR 404.1343 - When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. 404.1343 Section 404.1343 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. The limits on...

20 CFR 404.1343 - When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. 404.1343 Section 404.1343 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. The limits on...

20 CFR 404.1343 - When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. 404.1343 Section 404.1343 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. The limits on...

20 CFR 404.1343 - When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. 404.1343 Section 404.1343 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL... When the limits on granting World War II and post-World War II wage credits do not apply. The limits on...

Economic Competitiveness in the Post Cold War Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-18

Joyce Quek , "Is Asia Breeding A Whole Pack of Tigers?," Bus-i.n.ess We.e.k, 15 June 1990, p. 153. 26. Robert Neff and Larmi Nakarmi, "Will An R&D...Gail E. Schares and John Templeman and Jonathan Kapstein, "One Big European Economy Seems Less Like A Dream," Business Week, 13 November 1989, p. 43...38 Jones, H’orcs; hucheon, Stephen; and QueK , Joyce. ’Is Asia Breeding A Wnole PacK of Figers?" Business Week, 15 June I ’c’, pp. 152-155. sarner

U.S.-Russian cooperation in nuclear disarmament and nonproliferation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Podvig, Pavel

2010-02-01

The United States and Russia, the two largest nuclear powers, have a special obligation to provide leadership in nuclear disarmament and in strengthening the nuclear non-proliferation regime. In the past year the two countries made an effort to restart the arms control process by concluding a new treaty that would bring their legal disarmament obligations in line with the realities of their post-cold war relationships. The process of negotiating deeper nuclear reductions in the new environment turned out to be rather difficult, since the approaches that the countries used in the past are not well suited to dealing with issues like conversion of strategic nuclear delivery systems to conventional missions, tactical nuclear weapons, or dismantlement of nuclear warheads. This presentation considers the recent progress in U.S.-Russian arms control process and outlines the key issues at the negotiations. It also considers prospects for further progress in bilateral nuclear disarmament and issues that will be encountered at later stages of the process. The author argues that success of the arms reductions will depend on whether the United States and Russia will be able to build an institutional framework for cooperation on a range of issues - from traditional arms control to securing nuclear materials and from missile defense to strengthening the international nuclear safeguards. )

A European Perspective on Security Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liem, Khoen; Hiller, Daniel; Castex, Christoph

Tackling the complexity and interdependence of today's security environment in the globalized world of the 21st century is an everlasting challenge. Whereas the end of the Cold War presented a caesura of global dimension for the political and economic architecture and a realignment of power distribution and international relations between former adversaries, September 11th of 2001 may be seen as another caesura. Since then, specifically among countries of the Western hemisphere, traditional security paradigms and theories have been critically questioned and the different security cultures and perceptions have resulted in diverse security and defence policies as well as in security research efforts of individual countries. Consensus, it seems, exists on the question of what the threats are that our modern interconnected societies are facing. Whether looking at international terrorism, organized crime, climate change, the illegal trafficking of goods and people or naturally caused catastrophes, these phenomena all have in common that they are in most cases of transnational nature. Formerly existing dividing lines between internal and external security continue to fade, presenting an enormous challenge for those in charge of designing security policy and even more so for the various institutions safeguarding European security. That is why dissent often revolves around the question on how to get hold of these complex problems. Geographic location, cultural background, ethical make-up of society as well as relations with neighbouring countries are all important aspects to be considered when assessing the security culture and policy of individual countries.

Defense Horizons. Number 31, September 2003. Technology, Transformation, and New Operational Concepts

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-09-01

armor would provide both individual and commander a continuous medical status report. Edible vaccines genetically engineered into food could deliver...Defense economic opportunities; transition from the familiar Cold War threat to one that is non-nodal, more pervasive, and often nonstate, nonde...The Role of Technology in Transformation The military that was developed to fight the Cold War in a bi- polar world must transform to meet current and

In the Shadow of the Cold War: The Caribbean and Central America in U.S. Foreign Policy. Teacher's Resource Book. Revised Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malkasian, Mark; Davidson, Louise K.

This teacher's resource book is designed to be used with "In the Shadow of the Cold War: The Caribbean and Central America in U.S. Foreign Policy," which was written to help high school students to weigh important U.S. foreign policy issues. The resource book includes eight lessons. Lessons 3-6 focus specifically on the dimension of the…

USA: Economics, Politics, Ideology, No. 10, October 1977

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-11-22

Stereotype Space exploration cannot begin until many complex scientific and technical problems have been solved. The very fact that a program of space...a time of cold war. It was precisely under these conditions that the rigid stereotype of American reaction to the crises it had encountered in the...the possibility of the improvement of their relations and were in a rush to advertise the end of the cold war, and they believed, with unwarranted

How adaptive optics may have won the Cold War

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tyson, Robert K.

2013-05-01

While there are many theories and studies concerning the end of the Cold War, circa 1990, I postulate that one of the contributors to the result was the development of adaptive optics. The emergence of directed energy weapons, specifically space-based and ground-based high energy lasers made practicable with adaptive optics, showed that a successful defense against inter-continental ballistic missiles was not only possible, but achievable in a reasonable period of time.

International health, the early cold war and Latin America.

PubMed

Cueto, Marcos

2008-01-01

This article offers a panoramic vision of the development of international health in Latin America during the late 1940s and the 1950s, when a series of bilateral and multilateral institutions, such as the World Health Organization and UNICEF, were founded and reshaped. The language, policies, and activities of these new institutional actors were heavily influenced by the context of the early Cold War between the era's superpowers: the United States and the Soviet Union. Vertical campaigns against yaws and malaria--implemented under the leadership of Fred L. Soper, director of the Pan American Sanitary Bureau--symbolized international health's technical orientation, as well as its contribution to the modernization of the countries of the region. The Cold War period has received little attention by historians of medicine, though it bears certain similarities to historiographical discussions of the relationship between tropical medicine and imperialism in the early 20th century.

20 CFR 404.1340 - Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Wage credits for World War II and post-World... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1340 Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans. In determining your entitlement to, and the amount of, your monthly...

20 CFR 404.1340 - Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Wage credits for World War II and post-World... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1340 Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans. In determining your entitlement to, and the amount of, your monthly...

20 CFR 404.1340 - Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Wage credits for World War II and post-World... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1340 Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans. In determining your entitlement to, and the amount of, your monthly...

20 CFR 404.1340 - Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Wage credits for World War II and post-World... Uniformed Services Amounts of Wage Credits and Limits on Their Use § 404.1340 Wage credits for World War II and post-World War II veterans. In determining your entitlement to, and the amount of, your monthly...

Strategic factors in the development of the National Technology Transfer Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Root, Jonathan F.; Stone, Barbara A.

1993-01-01

Broad consensus among industry and government leaders has developed over the last decade on the importance of applying the U.S. leadership in research and development (R&D) to strengthen competitiveness in the global marketplace, and thus enhance national prosperity. This consensus has emerged against the backdrop of increasing economic competition, and the dramatic reduction of military threats to national security with the end of the Cold War. This paper reviews the key factors and considerations that shaped - and continue to influence - the development of the Regional Technoloty Transfer Centers (RTTC) and the National Technology Transfer Center (NTTC). Also, the future role of the national network in support of emerging technology policy initiatives will be explored.

20 CFR 408.110 - General definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Section 408.110 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN WORLD WAR... World War II under title VIII of the Act. (5) State. Unless otherwise indicated, this means: (i) A State... Islands. (8) We, us or our means the Social Security Administration (SSA). (9) World War II. The period...

20 CFR 408.110 - General definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Section 408.110 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN WORLD WAR... World War II under title VIII of the Act. (5) State. Unless otherwise indicated, this means: (i) A State... Islands. (8) We, us or our means the Social Security Administration (SSA). (9) World War II. The period...

20 CFR 408.110 - General definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Section 408.110 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN WORLD WAR... World War II under title VIII of the Act. (5) State. Unless otherwise indicated, this means: (i) A State... Islands. (8) We, us or our means the Social Security Administration (SSA). (9) World War II. The period...

20 CFR 408.110 - General definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Section 408.110 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN WORLD WAR... World War II under title VIII of the Act. (5) State. Unless otherwise indicated, this means: (i) A State... Islands. (8) We, us or our means the Social Security Administration (SSA). (9) World War II. The period...

20 CFR 408.110 - General definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Section 408.110 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION SPECIAL BENEFITS FOR CERTAIN WORLD WAR... World War II under title VIII of the Act. (5) State. Unless otherwise indicated, this means: (i) A State... Islands. (8) We, us or our means the Social Security Administration (SSA). (9) World War II. The period...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

O'Brien, K H

Nuclear weapons play an essential role in United States (U.S.) National Security Policy and a succession of official reviews has concluded that nuclear weapons will continue to have a role for the foreseeable future. Under the evolving U.S. government policy, it is clear that role will be quite different from what it was during the Cold War. The nuclear-weapons stockpile as well as the nuclear-weapons enterprise needs to continue to change to reflect this evolving role. Stockpile reductions in the early 1990s and the Stockpile Stewardship Program (SSP), established after the cessation of nuclear testing in 1992, began this processmore » of change. Further evolution is needed to address changing security environments, to enable further reductions in the number of stockpiled weapons, and to create a nuclear enterprise that is cost effective and sustainable for the long term. The SSP has successfully maintained the U.S. nuclear stockpile for more than a decade, since the end of nuclear testing. Current plans foresee maintaining warheads produced in the 1980s until about 2040. These warheads continue to age and they are expensive to refurbish. The current Life Extension Program plans for these legacy warheads are straining both the nuclear-weapons production and certification infrastructure making it difficult to respond rapidly to problems or changes in requirements. Furthermore, refurbishing and preserving Cold-War-era nuclear weapons requires refurbishing and preserving an infrastructure geared to support old technology. Stockpile Stewardship could continue this refurbishment approach, but an alternative approach could be considered that is more focused on sustainable technologies, and developing a more responsive nuclear weapons infrastructure. Guided by what we have learned from SSP during the last decade, the stewardship program can be evolved to address this increasing challenge using its computational and experimental tools and capabilities. This approach must start with an improved vision of the future stockpile and enterprise, and find a path that moves us toward that future. The goal of this approach is to achieve a more affordable, sustainable, and responsive enterprise. In order to transform the enterprise in this way, the SSP warhead designs that drive the enterprise must change. Designs that emphasize manufacturability, certifiability, and increased safety and security can enable enterprise transformation. It is anticipated that such warheads can be certified and sustained with high confidence without nuclear testing. The SSP provides the tools to provide such designs, and can develop replacement designs and produce them for the stockpile. The Cold War currency of optimizing warhead yield-to-weight can be replaced by SSP designs optimizing margin-to-uncertainty. The immediate challenge facing the nuclear weapons enterprise is to find a credible path that leads to this vision of the future stockpile and enterprise. Reliable warheads within a sustainable enterprise can best be achieved by shifting from a program of legacy-warhead refurbishment to one of warhead replacement. The nuclear weapons stockpile and the nuclear weapons enterprise must transform together to achieve this vision. The current Reliable Replacement Warhead (RRW) program represents an approach that can begin this process of transformation. If the RRW program succeeds, the designs, manufacturing complex, and certification strategy can evolve together and in so doing come up with a more cost-efficient solution that meets today's and tomorrow's national security requirements.« less

China's space development history: A comparison of the rocket and satellite sectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erickson, Andrew S.

2014-10-01

China is the most recent great power to emerge in aerospace. It has become the first developing nation to achieve some measure of aerospace production capability across the board. Outside the developed aerospace powers, only China has demonstrated competence concerning all aspects of a world-class aerospace industry: production of advanced rockets, satellites, and aircraft and of their supporting engineering, materials, and systems. As an emerging great power during the Cold War, China was still limited in resources, technology access, and capabilities. It thereby faced difficult choices and constraints. Yet it achieved increasing, though uneven, technological levels in different aerospace sub-sectors. Explaining this variance can elucidate challenges and opportunities confronting developing nations sharing limitations that previously constrained China. Rockets (missiles and space launch vehicles/SLVs) and satellites (military and civilian) were two areas of early achievement for China, and represent this article's two in-depth case studies. Initial import of American and Soviet knowledge and technology, coupled with national resources focused under centralized leadership, enabled China to master missiles and satellites ahead of other systems. Early in the Cold War, great power status hinged on atomic development. China devoted much of its limited technical resources to producing nuclear weapons in order to “prevent nuclear blackmail,” “break the superpowers' monopoly,” and thereby secure great power status. Beijing's second strategic priority was to develop reliable ballistic missiles to credibly deliver warheads, thereby supporting nuclear deterrence. Under Chairman Mao Zedong's direction and the guidance of the American-educated Dr. Qian Xuesen (H.S. Tsien), missile development became China's top aerospace priority. Satellites were also prioritized for military-strategic reasons and because they could not be purchased from abroad following the Sino-Soviet split. By the Cold War's end, China had achieved comprehensive rocket and satellite capabilities. Today it is pursuing cutting-edge systems in both areas, continuing formidable indigenous development while absorbing foreign technology where possible. To understand the reasons for China's aerospace development trajectory it is necessary to consider closely its specific history and larger context. The article will therefore examine the decision-making, organization, and technological development that made such progress possible.2

Explaining weapons proliferation: Going beyond the security dilemma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rattray, G.J.

1994-07-01

Most analyses addressing the subject of why states choose to proliferate focus on external motivations, particularly the security dilemma, facing a country`s leaders. This paper concludes that, other factors, such as prestige, regime type and stability, and economic status, can have impact in determining proliferation outcomes. In the case of Newly Independent States of the former Soviet Union (NIS), the domestic problems generated by internal conflicts, arms remaining from the Cold War, excess defense industrial capacity, economic difficulties and the breakdown of central authority resulting in a loss of border control and corruption have all made the NIS an extremelymore » fertile ground for weapons proliferation. A more positive `rollback` situation has emerged in Latin America where both Argentina and Brazil have seemingly decided to forgo the acquisition of nuclear weapons and ballistic missiles. The US must understand the `strategic personality` of each potential proliferation. Not all state behavior can be explained in terms of the security dilemma. One must also keep in mind the complexity of possible motivations. Economic and technological assistance and cooperative efforts at institution-building hold great potential to combating proliferation.« less

Three Modes of Hydrogeophysical Investigation: Puzzles, Mysteries, and Conundrums

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferre, P. A.

2011-12-01

In an article in the New Yorker in 2007, Malcolm Gladwell discussed the distinction that national security expert Gregory Treverton has made between puzzles and mysteries. Specifically, puzzles are problems that we understand and that will eventually be solved when we amass enough information. (Think crossword puzzles.) Mysteries are problems for which we have the necessary information, but it is often overwhelmed by irrelevant or misleading input. To solve a mystery, we require improved analysis. (Think find-a-word.) Gladwell goes on to explain that, in the national security realm, the Cold War was a puzzle while the current national security condition is a mystery. I will discuss the past, current, and future trajectories of hydrogeophysics in terms of puzzles and mysteries. I will also add a third class of problem: conundrums - those for which we lack sufficient information about their structure to know how to solve them. A conundrum is a mystery with an unexpected twist. I hope to make the case that the future growth of hydrogeophysics lies in our ability to address this more challenging and more interesting class of problem.

Security Sector Reform in Liberia: Progress and Challenges Ahead of the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) Drawdown

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

were processed. This program was designed to target a wide variety of combatants, with special emphasis placed on child soldiers. With these...Brzoska, SSR has its origin in the development of donor debate, where there has been ongoing discussion among different groups of theoreticians on how...human rights, humanitarian relief, and electoral reform. This document describes the framework on how post -war Liberia should implement the peace

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-10

provinces of the Ottoman empire after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to...Administration. In mid- November 1998, President Clinton publicly articulated that regime change was a CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation...until his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he believes in clerical

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-18

the Ottoman empire until British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of what is now Iraq in 1918 . Britain had tried to take...December 2005, and he reportedly continues to play a role in oil decisions. (A table on U.S. appropriations for the Iraqi opposition, including the INC...former head of the Hawza, was Ayatollah Abol Qasem Musavi-Khoi. Like Khoi, Sistani generally opposes a direct role for clerics in government, but he

Risking NATO: Testing the Limits of the Alliance in Afghanistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

Boston Globe, September 12, 2002; Glenn Kessler , “Diplomatic Gap Between U.S., Its Allies Widens,” Washington Post, September 1, 2002. 10 Secretary...partnership with Afghanistan 14 See Seth G. Jones, “The State of the Afghan Insurgency,” testimony presented before the Canadian Senate National Security...concerns about merging the NATO peacekeep- ing and U.S. combat missions in Afghanistan. See Seth G. Jones, In the Graveyard of Empires: America’s War in

The Post-Military West: Globalization’s Impact on U.S. Strategic Culture

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

culture, it is an important condition to monitor, since strategic culture shapes policy-making and influences how a country fights its wars.1 This SRP...of the societies, culture and politics of other countries . Due to this interconnectedness, crises anywhere in the world can affect security everywhere...Third World countries , seeking a way out of poverty, head west to join relatives and friends who emigrated before them. Compared with European immigrants

Introduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thoma, Klaus; Hiller, Daniel

Security research as a practical discipline has a long-standing history. Faced with myriad hazards throughout its past, mankind has developed sophisticated means to counter such threats. The latter include natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and fires, but also encompass man-made hazards such as military aggression, terrorist attacks or threats resulting from the malicious application of technological developments. Since the end of the Cold War major armed conflicts between nations of the Western hemisphere have become highly unlikely and genuinely different security issues have become the focus of concern. The terrorist attacks of 2001 against the United States, the train bombings of Madrid in 2004 and the bombings of London in 2005 were horrific embodiments of a new security environment that has evolved on a global scale. One could list numerous other examples of both executed attacks and successfully deterred attempts from around the world. Our modern industrial societies are interlinked with infrastructure networks, providing citizens with mobility, energy and information flows, which also open the door to a whole new dimension of vulnerabilities. Security research, once anything but a practical discipline with a capacity for reacting to short-term demands, has in the span of only a few years evolved into an entirely new scientific discipline uniting various fields of research. Today, security research (in Europe) encompasses a broad community of natural/engineering and social sciences.

Emerging Threats, Force Structures, and the Role of Air Power in Korea

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-01-01

Cold War. From 1948 to 1989 two different ideolo- gies, Communism and Democracy, struggled for the hearts and minds of the people of the world. It...and eventually, space-based reconnaissance intelligence and communication sys- tems. Throughout the Cold War, large standing armies and navies...were still necessary to meet the threat. The two centers of Communism were the Soviet Union and China. To respond to the challenge from the spread of

The Search for a Cold War Grand Strategy: NSC 68 & 162

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-22

Robert Dallek, Harry S. Truman (New York: Times Books, 2008); Ernest R. May, American Cold War Strategy (New York: Bedford Books of St. Martin’s Press...Gave the Soviets the Atomic Bomb (New Haven: Yale University Press, 2009), 119. 32Robert C. Williams , Klaus Fuchs, Atom Spy (Cambridge, MA: Harvard...possibilities, including preemptive buying.”52 Dr. Ernest O. Lawrence was the final consultant engaged by the State-Defense Policy Review Group. The

U.S. Army War College Guide to National Security Issues. Third Edition, Volume 2. National Security Policy and Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

183 14. Ethical Issues in War: An Overview Martin L. Cook...185 15. Ethics and War in Comparative Religious Perspective...be guided by values and ethics with the intent of doing some type of good for parts of the international system, or the overall system in general

Public Health Crisis in War and Conflict - Health Security in Aggregate.

PubMed

Quinn, John; Zelený, Tomáš; Subramaniam, Rammika; Bencko, Vladimír

2017-03-01

Public health status of populations is multifactorial and besides other factors it is linked to war and conflict. Public health crisis can erupt when states go to war or are invaded; health security may be reduced for affected populations. This study reviews in aggregate multiple indices of human security, human development and legitimacy of the state in order to describe a predictable global health portrait. Paradigm shift of large global powers to that non-state actors and proxies impact regional influence through scaled conflict and present major global health challenges for policy makers. Small scale conflict with large scale violence threatens health security for at-risk populations. The paper concludes that health security is directly proportional to state security. Copyright© by the National Institute of Public Health, Prague 2017

"Who's winning the human race?"Cold war as pharmaceutical political strategy.

PubMed

Tobbell, Dominique A

2009-10-01

Between 1959 and 1962, Senator Estes Kefauver led a congressional investigation into the pricing practices of U.S. drug firms. As part of its defense, the industry mobilized the rhetoric of cold war and promoted the industry as a critical national asset in the global war against communism. The industry argued that any effort to undermine corporate innovation by inviting, as Kefauver proposed, greater government involvement in drug development threatened the public's health and invited socialism-in the form of socialized medicine-into the domestic political economy. This strategy proved critical to the industry's efforts to build political support for itself, particularly among the medical profession, and undermine Kefauver's reform agenda.

48 CFR 225.7402-4 - Law of war training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... provided by the Defense Acquisition University at https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=18014&lang... war training include the following: (i) Private security contractors. (ii) Security guards in or near...

48 CFR 225.7402-4 - Law of war training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... provided by the Defense Acquisition University at https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=18014&lang... war training include the following: (i) Private security contractors. (ii) Security guards in or near...

48 CFR 225.7402-4 - Law of war training.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... provided by the Defense Acquisition University at https://acc.dau.mil/CommunityBrowser.aspx?id=18014&lang... war training include the following: (i) Private security contractors. (ii) Security guards in or near...

20 CFR 404.1301 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

..., through December 31, 1956. These individuals are considered World War II or post-World War II veterans... military or naval service of an allied country during World War II. These individuals are considered World.... These individuals are considered members of the uniformed services. (b) World War II or post-World War...

20 CFR 404.1301 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

..., through December 31, 1956. These individuals are considered World War II or post-World War II veterans... military or naval service of an allied country during World War II. These individuals are considered World.... These individuals are considered members of the uniformed services. (b) World War II or post-World War...

20 CFR 404.1301 - Introduction.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

..., through December 31, 1956. These individuals are considered World War II or post-World War II veterans... military or naval service of an allied country during World War II. These individuals are considered World.... These individuals are considered members of the uniformed services. (b) World War II or post-World War...

Reassurance Strategy: Incentives for Use and Conditions for Success

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Cold War, people hoped for a more peaceful world and expected a tremendous decrease in the frequency of war. However, war is still part of human life...war has been more common than peace.”7 It seems that the arguments of classical realists and neorealists are true in human history. They basically...states behave as they do is firmly rooted in human biological impulses: 4 Derek D. Smith, Deterring

Stretching and Exploiting Thresholds for High-Order War: How Russia, China, and Iran are Eroding American Influence Using Time-Tested Measures Short of War

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

war including the use of many nuclear weapons—on the other. Although the simplifications in linear sequencing theory were adequate to help U.S. deci ...Liberation Army SDF Self -Defense Forces 1 CHAPTER ONE Time-Tested Measures Short of War This report describes a dangerous strategic weakness of the...representative of standard—and long- standing—practices in international behavior.6 The bilateral, nuclear-era Cold War theories of military escalation that

The Cult of Reputation: Deterrent or a Cause of War?

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

tolerate any humiliation once they felt strong enough to oppose it. The 2008 Russia– Georgia war was their first opposition to the status quo...Georgia became the arena of the first clash between Russia and the United States, or the first proxy war after the end of the Cold War . The causes for...this conflict go far beyond 2008 Russia–Georgia War : it was just the first episode of the new Russia-U.S. rivalry. The next episodes would be the

The Causes and Dynamics of Conflict in Sub-Saharan Africa

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-05-10

economic stability gained from two trends: the spread of constitutional democracy and economic globalization. Two major occurrences, colonialism and the Cold War, prevented the Sub-Saharan states from following these two trends. The disruption in sovereignty caused by colonialism, which was then followed by hastily formed governments during the Cold War, spawned conditions of corruption, scarcity, and violent competition. These conditions make it difficult for African states to achieve lasting stability and advance economically. As a result, any stability gained is often

Translations on USSR Military Affairs, Number 1309

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-17

correlation of forces in the world . In recent years, a turning away from the "cold war " to the re- laxation of tension and to the establishment of the...intensifying the arms race and trying to revive an atmosphere of confrontation and to return the world to the times of the "cold war ." 20 The...headed by V. I. Lenin, rose up for the decisive assault on the bourgeoisie- landlord system and crushed it. The first socialist state in the world

Cultural shift in mental illness: a comparison of stress responses in World War I and the Vietnam War.

PubMed

Skinner, Rasjid; Kaplick, Paul M

2017-12-01

Post-traumatic stress disorder is an established diagnostic category. In particular, over the past 20 years, there has been an interest in culture as a fundamental factor in post-traumatic stress disorder symptom manifestation. However, only a very limited portion of this literature studies the historical variability of post-traumatic stress within a particular culture. Therefore, this study examines whether stress responses to violence associated with armed conflicts have been a culturally stable reaction in Western troops. We have compared historical records from World War I to those of the Vietnam War. Reference is also made to observations of combat trauma reactions in pre-World War I conflicts, World War II, the Korean War, the Falklands War, and the First Gulf War. The data set consisted of literature that was published during and after these armed conflicts. Accounts of World War I Shell Shock that describe symptom presentation, incidence (both acute and delayed), and prognosis were compared to the observations made of Vietnam War post-traumatic stress disorder victims. Results suggest that the conditions observed in Vietnam veterans were not the same as those which were observed in World War I trauma victims. The paper argues that the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder cannot be stretched to cover the typical battle trauma reactions of World War I. It is suggested that relatively subtle changes in culture, over little more than a generation, have had a profound effect on how mental illness forms, manifests itself, and is effectively treated. We add new evidence to the argument that post-traumatic stress disorder in its current conceptualisation does not adequately account, not only for ethnocultural variation but also for historical variation in stress responses within the same culture.

A Rationale for the Outcomes of Insurgencies: A Comparison Case Study Between Insurgencies in Peru and Nepal

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

December 1987 and February 1992.100 Sigmund Freud notes such violent attitudes, and documents that human instincts are of two types—those that...Routledge Contemporary South Asia Series, 2010), 144. 101 Sigmund Freud , “Why War,” in Conflict after the Cold War: Arguments on Causes of War and

An Affair to Remember: America's Brief Fling with the University as a Public Good

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Labaree, David F.

2016-01-01

American higher education rose to fame and fortune during the Cold War, when both student enrollments and funded research shot upward. Prior to World War II, the federal government showed little interest in universities and provided little support. The war spurred a large investment in defence-based scientific research in universities, and the…

Reading Suggestions on 1945 for Classroom Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Critchfield, James W.

1970-01-01

Readings are organized for teachers by these topics: World War II; The Atomic Bomb; The Cold War; American Political Personalities; and, General Events in the United States. A 7-item list is presented for high school students. (DB)

Let Slip the Dogs of (CYBER) War: Progressing Towards a Warfighting U.S. Cyber Command

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

Accelerating Cyberweapon Reseach ,” Washington Post , 18 March 2012. 20 Federal Bureau of Investigation, “What we Investigate - Cyber Crime,” http...on- uk-police-s-anti-terror-hotline (accessed 2 January 2013). 18 Jen Lin-Liu, “Huawei-Cisco Tests China’s Respect for Property Rights,” IEEE... designated as critical infrastructure (CI).19 Securing this CI will be a challenge: most is privately vice publicly owned, and there is limited incentive

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-04

Ottoman empire after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the... role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the IMIK did not receive U.S. funds after 2001, although it was not formally de...was head of the Hawza until his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-18

in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916. Britain’s presence in Iraq...States to “support efforts” to remove CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the IMIK did not receive...in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he believes in clerical supervision of

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-15

and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916...4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the IMIK did not receive U.S. funds after 2001, although it was...head of the Hawza until his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-04

British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in...should be the policy of the United States to “support efforts” to remove the regime headed by CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the...Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics – but he has weighed in on major political issues. 10

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-10-31

after British forces defeated the Ottomans in World War I and took control of the territory in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans...Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the IMIK did not receive U.S. funds after 2001, although it was not...his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he believes in clerical supervision

Iraq: Post-Saddam Governance and Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-03

in 1918 . Britain had tried to take Iraq from the Ottomans earlier in World War I but were defeated at Al Kut in 1916. Britain’s presence in Iraq...made seven opposition groups eligible to receive U.S. CRS-4 4 Because of its role in the eventual formation of the radical Ansar al-Islam group, the...head of the Hawza until his death in 1992. Like Khoi, Sistani is a “quietist” — generally opposing a direct political role for clerics, but he believes

Encyclopedia of US Air Force Aircraft and Missile Systems. Volume 1. Post-World War II Fighters 1945-1973,

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-01-01

around 100 miles. With two Lockheed external 165-gallon tanks (and a full rocket load ) it was only 225 miles. Lieutenants Edward R. Johnston and...start. 12 While waiting for acceptable engines, North American had to bear the expense of storing unequipped F-82 airframes.13 The situation grew so bad...secure a suitable airframe for the GE TG-180 axial flow gas turbine engine, that the Air Technical Service Command of the Army Air Forces was

On a Wing and a Prayer: A Holistic Vision for Airpower in Small Wars

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-05-25

Clausewitz, 156. 7 The MPU Model first and foremost starts with the political nature of war, appropriately defining its character and shape... starts with the beginning of the Cold War and the fight against Communism following World War II, with initial strategic guidance from President...defeat and withdrawal in 1954, a period of gradually increasing US involvement and violence began in and around Vietnam, initially starting with the

Post Cold War transformation of the medical function in support of the deployed soldier.

PubMed

Vekerdi, Zoltan

2013-12-01

This article summarises the changes that resulted in, and still act towards, final implementation of a separate medical function in operational medical support. This article is not intended to represent an historical account, but to provide concise supplemental material for decision makers to position medical under the commander, which enables medical staff to support and care for the troops and which can be used in the best possible way as an image forming factor for the force. The aim of this article is to clearly articulate the necessity for independence of the medical and logistic functions, while recognising the need for continued close coordination.

Sandia National Laboratories Institutional Plan FY1994--1999

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1993-10-01

This report presents a five year plan for the laboratory. This plan takes advantage of the technical strengths of the lab and its staff to address issues of concern to the nation on a scope much broader than Sandia`s original mission, while maintaining the general integrity of the laboratory. The plan proposes initiatives in a number of technologies which overlap the needs of its customers and the strengths of its staff. They include: advanced manufacturing technology; electronics; information and computational technology; transportation energy technology and infrastructure; environmental technology; energy research and technology development; biomedical systems engineering; and post-cold war defensemore » imperatives.« less

Information and the War against Terrorism, Part IV: Civil Liberties versus Security in the Age of Terrorism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strickland, Lee S.

2002-01-01

Discussion of information and the war on terrorism following the September 11th attacks focuses on a survey of legal provisions and new security-related practices in government and business as security competes with civil liberties. Topics include the Fourth Amendment overseas; Department of Justice legal initiatives; military tribunals; security…

The Future of the U.S. Nuclear Weapons Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brooks, Linton F.

2007-03-01

This paper will examine our plans for the future of the U.S. nuclear weapons program including efforts to ``transform'' the stockpile and supporting infrastructure. We proceed from the premise that the United States will need a safe, secure, and reliable nuclear deterrent for the foreseeable future. Moreover, the Stockpile Stewardship Program is working. Today's stockpile---comprised of legacy warheads left over from the Cold War---is safe and reliable. That said, we see increased risk, absent nuclear testing, in assuring the long-term safety and reliability of our current stockpile. Nor is today's nuclear weapons complex sufficiently ``responsive'' to fixing technical problems in the stockpile, or to potential adverse geopolitical change. Our task is to work to ensure that the U.S. nuclear weapons enterprise, including the stockpile and supporting infrastructure, meets long-term national security needs. Our approach is to develop and field replacement warheads for the legacy stockpile---so-called Reliable Replacement Warheads (RRW)---as a means to transform both the nuclear stockpile and supporting infrastructure.

DTIC review. Volume 1, Number 1: Nuclear proliferation and deterrence in a changing political world

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cupp, C.M.; Lee, C.; Foster, H.

1995-08-01

This collection of selected documents from the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC) addresses the formidable issue of protecting the United States and its people from potential nuclear destruction. With the dissolution of the former Soviet Union and, concomitantly, the end of the Cold War, new strategies for nonproliferation and deterrence must be devised and implemented. Potential threats from countries not previously seen as a danger, the escalation of regional conflicts and the proliferation of weapons of mass destruction are but a few of the considerations to be addressed. The authors of the following papers propose various plans and tactics tomore » ensure United States national security and maintain world peace.« less

46 CFR 308.539 - Application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Facultative War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.539 Application. (a) Preliminary request. Application for a... bind war risk in writing; for security reasons, if the applicant is submitting the order to bind war...

20 CFR 404.1302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... on September 16, 1940, with a country with which the United States was at war during the World War II... under a program or pension system set up by the agency or instrumentality. Post-World War II period... detailed definition of the World War II veteran and a post-World War II veteran, see §§ 404.1310 and 404...

20 CFR 404.1302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... on September 16, 1940, with a country with which the United States was at war during the World War II... under a program or pension system set up by the agency or instrumentality. Post-World War II period... detailed definition of the World War II veteran and a post-World War II veteran, see §§ 404.1310 and 404...

20 CFR 404.1302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... on September 16, 1940, with a country with which the United States was at war during the World War II... under a program or pension system set up by the agency or instrumentality. Post-World War II period... detailed definition of the World War II veteran and a post-World War II veteran, see §§ 404.1310 and 404...

20 CFR 404.1302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... on September 16, 1940, with a country with which the United States was at war during the World War II... under a program or pension system set up by the agency or instrumentality. Post-World War II period... detailed definition of the World War II veteran and a post-World War II veteran, see §§ 404.1310 and 404...