Sample records for postal dosimetric system

  1. Dosimetric characteristics of fabricated silica fibre for postal radiotherapy dose audits

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fadzil, M. S. Ahmad; Ramli, N. N. H.; Jusoh, M. A.; Kadni, T.; Bradley, D. A.; Ung, N. M.; Suhairul, H.; Mohd Noor, N.

    2014-11-01

    Present investigation aims to establish the dosimetric characteristics of a novel fabricated flat fibre TLD system for postal radiotherapy dose audits. Various thermoluminescence (TL) properties have been investigated for five sizes of 6 mol% Ge-doped optical fibres. Key dosimetric characteristics including reproducibility, linearity, fading and energy dependence have been established. Irradiations were carried out using a linear accelerator (linac) and a Cobalt-60 machine. For doses from 0.5 Gy up to 10 Gy, Ge-doped flat fibres exhibit linearity between TL yield and dose, reproducible to better than 8% standard deviation (SD) following repeat measurements (n = 3). For photons generated at potentials from 1.25 MeV to 10 MV an energy-dependent response is noted, with a coefficient of variation (CV) of less than 40% over the range of energies investigated. For 6.0 mm length flat fibres 100 μm thick × 350 pm wide, the TL fading loss following 30 days of storage at room temperature was < 8%. The Ge-doped flat fibre system represents a viable basis for use in postal radiotherapy dose audits, corrections being made for the various factors influencing the TL yield.

  2. Feasibility study of glass dosimeter postal dosimetry audit of high-energy radiotherapy photon beams.

    PubMed

    Mizuno, Hideyuki; Kanai, Tatsuaki; Kusano, Yohsuke; Ko, Susumu; Ono, Mari; Fukumura, Akifumi; Abe, Kyoko; Nishizawa, Kanae; Shimbo, Munefumi; Sakata, Suoh; Ishikura, Satoshi; Ikeda, Hiroshi

    2008-02-01

    The characteristics of a glass dosimeter were investigated for its potential use as a tool for postal dose audits. Reproducibility, energy dependence, field size and depth dependence were compared to those of a thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD), which has been the major tool for postal dose audits worldwide. A glass dosimeter, GD-302M (Asahi Techno Glass Co.) and a TLD, TLD-100 chip (Harshaw Co.) were irradiated with gamma-rays from a (60)Co unit and X-rays from a medical linear accelerator (4, 6, 10 and 20 MV). The dosimetric characteristics of the glass dosimeter were almost equivalent to those of the TLD, in terms of utility for dosimetry under the reference condition, which is a 10 x 10 cm(2) field and 10 cm depth. Because of its reduced fading, compared to the TLD, and easy quality control with the ID number, the glass dosimeter proved to be a suitable tool for postal dose audits. Then, we conducted postal dose surveys of over 100 facilities and got good agreement, with a standard deviation of about 1.3%. Based on this study, postal dose audits throughout Japan will be carried out using a glass dosimeter.

  3. 39 CFR 601.104 - Postal purchasing authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... in writing local buying authority throughout the Postal Service. ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Postal purchasing authority. 601.104 Section 601.104 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE PROCUREMENT SYSTEM FOR THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE...

  4. Evaluation of the uncertainties in the TLD radiosurgery postal dose system

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Campos, L. T.; Leite, S. P.; de Almeida, C. E. V.; Magalhães, L. A. G.

    2018-03-01

    Stereotactic radiosurgery is a single-fraction radiation therapy procedure for treating intracranial lesions using a stereotactic apparatus and multiple narrow beams delivered through noncoplanar isocentric arcs. To guarantee a high quality standard, a comprehensive Quality Assurance programme is extremely important to ensure that the measured dose is consistent with the tolerance considered to improve treatment quality. The Radiological Science Laboratory operates a postal audit programme in SRT and SRS. The purpose of the programme is to verify the target localization accuracy in known geometry and the dosimetric conditions of the TPS. The programme works in such a way those thermoluminescence dosimeters, consisting of LiF chips, are sent to the centre where they are to be irradiated to a certain dose. The TLD are then returned, where they are evaluated and the absorbed dose is obtained from TLDs readings. The aim of the present work is estimate the uncertainties in the process of dose determination, using experimental data.

  5. 76 FR 49511 - Postal Service Initiative on Retail Postal Locations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-10

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. N2011-1; Order No. 778] Postal Service Initiative on Retail Postal Locations AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice; correction. SUMMARY: The... Postal Service request for an advisory opinion on an initiative involving examination of the continuation...

  6. 39 CFR 255.9 - Other postal regulations; authority of postal managers and employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... managers and employees. 255.9 Section 255.9 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND... ELECTRONIC AND INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY § 255.9 Other postal regulations; authority of postal managers and... repeal, modify, or amend any other postal regulation, to authorize any postal manager or employee to...

  7. 76 FR 47275 - Postal Service Initiative on Retail Postal Locations

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. N2011-1; Order No. 778] Postal Service Initiative on... noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request for an advisory opinion on an initiative involving... centrally directed Retail Access Optimization (RAO) initiative for examining the continuation of service at...

  8. Validating dose rate calibration of radiotherapy photon beams through IAEA/WHO postal audit dosimetry service.

    PubMed

    Jangda, Abdul Qadir; Hussein, Sherali

    2012-05-01

    In external beam radiation therapy (EBRT), the quality assurance (QA) of the radiation beam is crucial to the accurate delivery of the prescribed dose to the patient. One of the dosimetric parameters that require monitoring is the beam output, specified as the dose rate on the central axis under reference conditions. The aim of this project was to validate dose rate calibration of megavoltage photon beams using the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)/World Health Organisation (WHO) postal audit dosimetry service. Three photon beams were audited: a 6 MV beam from the low-energy linac and 6 and 18 MV beams from a dual high-energy linac. The agreement between our stated doses and the IAEA results was within 1% for the two 6 MV beams and within 2% for the 18 MV beam. The IAEA/WHO postal audit dosimetry service provides an independent verification of dose rate calibration protocol by an international facility.

  9. Hydrogen-fueled postal vehicle performance evaluation

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Hall, R. A.

    1979-01-01

    Fuel consumption, range, and emissions data were obtained while operating a hydrogen-fueled postal delivery vehicle over a defined Postal Service Driving Cycle and the 1975 Urban Driving Cycle. The vehicle's fuel consumption was 0.366 pounds of hydrogen per mile over the postal driving cycle and 0.22 pounds of hydrogen per mile over the urban driving cycle. These data correspond to 6.2 and 10.6 mpg equivalent gasoline mileage for the two driving cycles, respectively. The vehicle's range was 24.2 miles while being operated on the postal driving cycle. Vehicle emissions were measured over the urban driving cycle. HC and CO emissions were quite low, as would be expected. The oxides of nitrogen were found to be 4.86 gm/mi, a value which is well above the current Federal and California standards. Vehicle limitations discussed include excessive engine flashbacks, inadequate acceleration capability the engine air/fuel ratio, the water injection systems, and the cab temperature. Other concerns are safety considerations, iron-titanium hydride observed in the fuel system, evidence of water in the engine rocker cover, and the vehicle maintenance required during the evaluation.

  10. 75 FR 67147 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-01

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2011-1; Order No. 551] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal....'' Id. The Postal Service concludes that its filings demonstrate that the new GREP contract complies...

  11. 75 FR 8758 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-25

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2010-24; Order No. 410] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal... incidental differences. Id. at 6. The Postal Service contends that its filings demonstrate that this new GEPS...

  12. 76 FR 49798 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-11

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2011-67; Order No. 790] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal.... CP2010-36.'' Id. The Postal Service concludes that its filing demonstrates that the new GREP contract...

  13. 39 CFR 501.13 - False representations of Postal Service actions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTE POSTAGE EVIDENCING SYSTEMS § 501.13 False representations of Postal Service actions... Evidencing Systems. The Postal Service reserves the right to suspend and/or revoke the authorization to manufacture or distribute Postage Evidencing Systems throughout the United States or any part thereof pursuant...

  14. Dosimetric characteristics of Novalis Tx system with high definition multileaf collimator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chang Zheng; Wang Zhiheng; Wu, Q. Jackie

    A new Novalis Tx system equipped with a high definition multileaf collimator (HDMLC) recently became available to perform both image-guided radiosurgery and conventional radiotherapy. It is capable of delivering a highly conformal radiation dose with three energy modes: 6 MV photon energy, 15 MV photon energy, and 6 MV photon energy in a stereotactic radiosurgery mode with 1000 MU/min dose rate. Dosimetric characteristics of the new Novalis Tx treatment unit with the HDMLC are systematically measured for commissioning. A high resolution diode detector and miniion-chamber detector are used to measure dosimetric data for a range of field sizes from 4x4more » mm to 400x400 mm. The commissioned Novalis Tx system has passed the RPC stereotactic radiosurgery head phantom irradiation test. The Novalis Tx system not only expands its capabilities with three energy modes, but also achieves better beam conformity and sharer beam penumbra with HDMLC. Since there is little beam data information available for the new Novalis Tx system, we present in this work the dosimetric data of the new modality for reference and comparison.« less

  15. 76 FR 11532 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-02

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2011-61; Order No. 680] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This document addresses a recent Postal Service filing concerning an additional International Business Reply Service (IBRS) Competitive Contract 3. It...

  16. 78 FR 37246 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-20

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-67; Order No. 1749] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently filed Postal... the introductory (``Whereas'') paragraphs of the Agreement; revisions to existing articles; and new...

  17. 78 FR 43246 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-19

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-15; Order No. 1779] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the amendment to Priority Mail Contract 48 negotiated service agreement. This notice...

  18. 76 FR 67496 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2012-1; Order No. 919] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to enter into an additional Inbound Competitive Multi-Service Agreements with Foreign...

  19. 78 FR 76334 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-13; Order No. 1900] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing requesting an amendment to Parcel Select Contract 6. This notice informs the public of filings...

  20. 75 FR 57087 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2010-104; Order No. 530] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal... Service concludes that its filing demonstrates that this new GEPS 3 contract complies with the...

  1. 75 FR 80859 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-11 and CP2011-47; Order No. 612] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a...). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to...

  2. 76 FR 9055 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-16

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2011-20; Order No. 668] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal... original requirement. This effective date also is applicable to the new requirement. \\1\\ Notice of the...

  3. 78 FR 29784 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-21

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-62; Order No. 1716] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the addition of Global Expedited Package Services 3 Contract to the competitive product...

  4. 78 FR 76333 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2011-4; Order No. 1901] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing requesting an amendment to Priority Mail Contract 29. This notice informs the public of the...

  5. 75 FR 80857 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-10 and CP2011-46; Order No. 611] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a...). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to...

  6. 75 FR 51505 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-20

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2010-31 and CP2010-76; Order No. 498] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... (Request). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product...

  7. 76 FR 395 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-16 and CP2011-53; Order No. 627] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a.... 10-8). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product...

  8. 77 FR 58185 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-19

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2012-56; Order No. 1464] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add a Global Expedited Package Services contract to the competitive product list. This...

  9. 78 FR 77172 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-20

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2014-13; Order No. 1907] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning a contract with Canada for the delivery of inbound Expedited Parcels USA and Express...

  10. 77 FR 50729 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-22

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2012-44; Order No. 1435] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request for two related changes to the product lists. The changes involve removing one product...

  11. 78 FR 42566 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-16

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-72; Order No. 1775] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service... Agreement; revisions to several existing articles; and new, deleted, and renumbered articles. Id. at 3-7...

  12. 77 FR 37077 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-20

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2012-25 and CP2012-33; Order No. 1369] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a...). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product. Id...

  13. 75 FR 23824 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2009-19; Order No. 449] New Postal Products AGENCY... Service request to add postal products to the Mail Classification Schedule. This notice addresses... postal services to the Mail Classification Schedule (MCS) product lists.\\1\\ In approving these additions...

  14. 78 FR 70968 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-7 and CP2014-8; Order No. 1888] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing recent Postal Service filings requesting the addition of Priority Mail Contract 69 to the competitive product...

  15. 78 FR 70970 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-6 and CP2014-7; Order No. 1887] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing recent Postal Service filings requesting the addition of Priority Mail Contract 68 to the competitive product...

  16. 77 FR 76095 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-24 and CP2013-32; Order No. 1586] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add First-Class Package Service Contract 34 to the competitive...

  17. 77 FR 42341 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-18

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2012-31; Order No. 1399] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add Every Door Direct Mail-Retail (EDDM-R) to the market dominant product list. This...

  18. 75 FR 67146 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-01

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2011-13 Through CP2011-18; Order No. 559] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... 4. The Postal Service concludes that its filings demonstrate that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts...

  19. 75 FR 26812 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-12

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2010-47; Order No. 454] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add a Global Direct Contracts 1 (MC2010-17) negotiated service agreement to the...

  20. 75 FR 66677 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-29

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 39 CFR Part 3020 [Docket Nos. MC2010-34, et al.] New Postal Products AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission is updating the postal product lists. This action reflects the disposition of recent dockets, as reflected in Commission orders...

  1. 75 FR 53216 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-31

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 39 CFR Part 3020 [Docket Nos. MC2009-19, et al.] New Postal Products AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission is updating the postal product lists. This action reflects the disposition of recent dockets, as reflected in Commission orders...

  2. 76 FR 394 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2011-52; Order No. 624] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add a Global Direct Contracts 1 contract to the competitive product list. This notice...

  3. 77 FR 1089 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-09

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2012-9; Order No. 1096] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add a Global Direct Contracts 1 contract to the competitive product list. This notice...

  4. 75 FR 43581 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-26

    ... Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing... the competitive product list. The Postal Service has also filed related contracts. This notice... Paragraphs I. Introduction The Postal Service seeks to add a new product, Global Plus 1A, to the competitive...

  5. 75 FR 65531 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-25

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-3 and CP2011-4; Order No. 556] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently... Postal Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S...

  6. 75 FR 65532 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-25

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-2 and CP2011-3; Order No. 555] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently... Postal Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S...

  7. 75 FR 67148 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-01

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2011-5 Through CP2011-12; Order No. 557] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a.... at 4. The Postal Service concludes that its filings demonstrate that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts...

  8. 78 FR 39783 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-02

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-54 and CP2013-70; Order No. 1764] New Postal... recently-filed Postal Service request to add a new product to the competitive product list. This document...-54. The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new...

  9. 76 FR 592 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-05

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2011-55; Order No. 633] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal... demonstrate that the new GREP contract complies with the requirements of 39 U.S.C. 3633 and is functionally...

  10. 75 FR 44138 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 30 CFR Part 3020 [Docket Nos. MC2010-21; CP2010-36 and MC2010-20] New Postal Products AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission is updating postal product lists. This action reflects the disposition of recent dockets, as set out in two...

  11. 75 FR 17175 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-05

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2010-33, CP2010-34 and CP2010-35; Order No. 431] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing... differences. Id. at 6. The Postal Service contends that its filings demonstrate that each of the new GEPS 2...

  12. 75 FR 3383 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-21

    ...] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission.... Introduction The Postal Service seeks to add a new product identified as Express Mail [[Page 3384

  13. 75 FR 70754 - Postal Classification Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-18

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2011-5; Order No. 583] Postal Classification Changes...-filed Postal Service request announcing a classification change affecting bundle and container charges... Commission announcing a classification change [[Page 70755

  14. 76 FR 7883 - Postal Service Rate Adjustment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-11

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. R2011-4; Order No. 663] Postal Service Rate Adjustment AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request concerning a Type 2 rate adjustment. This notice addresses procedural steps...

  15. 75 FR 27375 - Postal Rate Case Management

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-14

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. PI2010-3; Order No. 456] Postal Rate Case Management AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is seeking comments relevant to management of an anticipated exigent postal rate case. It has scheduled a technical conference...

  16. 75 FR 1280 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-11

    ...] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Commission... competitive products is also consistent with new requirements in the law. DATES: Effective January 11, 2010... V. Ordering Paragraphs I. Introduction The Postal Service seeks to add a new product identified as...

  17. 77 FR 4376 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-27

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add Priority Mail Contract 38 to the competitive product list... 38 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ Priority mail contracts enable the Postal Service to provide...

  18. 77 FR 67839 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-14

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the addition of Priority Mail Contract 48 to the competitive product... Mail Contract 48 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service indicates that the instant...

  19. 76 FR 29013 - Change in Postal Prices

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-19

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2009-61; Order No. 729] Change in Postal Prices AGENCY... Postal Service filed notice that prices under Parcel Select & Parcel Return Service Contract 2 filed in... approved by the Commission. Id. \\1\\ Notice of United States Postal Service of Change in Prices Pursuant to...

  20. 78 FR 63519 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-24

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-1 and CP2014-1; Order No. 1849] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product. Id. Attachment B. The instant...

  1. 75 FR 57303 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-20

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2010-105 through CP2010-115; Order No. 535] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... concludes that its filings demonstrate that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts complies with the requirements...

  2. 77 FR 65023 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-24

    ... follows: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2013-4 and MC2013-4; Order No. 1504] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a...

  3. 75 FR 40853 - Postal Rate Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-14

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Order No. 485; Docket No. R2010-4] Postal Rate Changes AGENCY... implementing rate changes for market dominant postal products, which include First- Class Mail, was adopted. In general, the new approach envisions annual rate adjustments based on changes in a specified Consumer Price...

  4. 75 FR 44819 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-29

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service filing to add Priority Mail Contract 27 to the competitive product list. The... to add Priority Mail Contract 27 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that...

  5. 78 FR 37851 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-24

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-68; Order No. 1750] New Postal Product AGENCY... filing concerning the addition of Global Expedited Package Services 3 Contract to the competitive product... GEPS 3 product. Notice at 2. \\1\\ Notice of United States Postal Service of Filing a Functionally...

  6. 78 FR 70084 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-22

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-63 and CP2013-83; Order No. 1844] New Postal... (Request). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  7. 78 FR 76332 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-9 and CP2014-10; Order No. 1898] New Postal... (Request). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  8. 75 FR 80858 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-9 and CP2011-44; Order No. 610] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... Service contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 3632...

  9. 78 FR 70967 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ...). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product...: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-8 and CP2014-9; Order No. 1889] New Postal...

  10. 77 FR 36585 - Postal Rate Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-19

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2012-32; Order No. 1367] Postal Rate Changes AGENCY... Service notice of rate and changes affecting Inbound Air Parcel Post at Universal Postal Union (UPU) rates... notice, in accordance with 39 CFR 3015.5, announcing changes in rates not of general applicability for...

  11. 78 FR 13713 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-28

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the addition of Express Mail Contract 14 to the competitive product list... 14 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that Express Mail Contract 14 is a...

  12. 78 FR 77508 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2014-14; Order No. 1910] New Postal Product AGENCY... redacted copy of the new rates; and Attachment 4--a copy of the certification required under 39 CFR 3015.5...' Decision, the new rates and related financial information. Id. at 3. The Postal Service filed redacted...

  13. 75 FR 54401 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-07

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2010-102 and CP2010-103; Order No. 529] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts complies with the requirements of 39 U.S.C. 3633 and is...

  14. 78 FR 76334 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-10 and CP2014-11; Order No. 1899] New Postal...). The Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C...

  15. 75 FR 35102 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-21

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2010-60 through CP2010-63; Order No. 472] New Postal... recently-filed Postal Service request to add new Global Expedited Package Services 2 products to the... Service also contends that its filing demonstrates that each of the new GEPS 2 contracts complies with the...

  16. 75 FR 57995 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-09-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2010-116, CP2010-117, and CP2010-118; Order No. 541] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is... that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts complies with the requirements of 39 U.S.C. 3633 and is...

  17. 75 FR 4593 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-28

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2010-20; Order No. 397] New Postal Product AGENCY... Service request to add GEPS 2 (CP2009-50) to the Competitive Product List. The Postal Service has also... Global Expedited Package Services 2 to the Competitive Product List, August 28, 2009 (Order No. 290). \\4...

  18. 76 FR 55619 - Performance Measurement for Special Postal Services

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-08

    ..., Corporate & Postal Business Law, United States Postal Service to Shoshana M. Grove, Secretary, Postal... & Postal Business Law, United States Postal Service. III. Background of Postal Service Proposals A...), Public Law 109-435, 120 Stat. 3198 (2006). The proposed rules described herein would establish reporting...

  19. 75 FR 44292 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-28

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2010-32 and CP2010-77; Order No. 497] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. The...

  20. 75 FR 65533 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-25

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-1 and CP2011-2; Order No. 554] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently... contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR...

  1. 75 FR 80860 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-12 and CP2011-48; Order No. 613] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5...

  2. 75 FR 18244 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-09

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2010-21 and CP2010-36; Order No. 437] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... contemporaneously filed a contract related to the proposed new product pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR...

  3. 75 FR 65676 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2010-28 and CP2011-20 through CP2011-25; Order No. 564] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is... demonstrate that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts complies with the requirements of 39 U.S.C. 3633 and is...

  4. 75 FR 61785 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-06

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. CP2010-119, CP2010-120, CP2010-121, CP2010-122, CP2010- 123, CP2010-124, and CP2010-125; Order No. 548] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory... Service concludes that its filings demonstrate that each of the new GEPS 3 contracts complies with the...

  5. 77 FR 304 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2012-3 and CP2012-7; Order No. 1072] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B. The instant contract...

  6. 39 CFR 221.1 - The United States Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false The United States Postal Service. 221.1 Section 221.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ORGANIZATION § 221.1 The United States Postal Service. The United States Postal Service was established as an...

  7. 75 FR 65675 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2010-37 and CP2010-126; Order No. 553] New Postal.... It is also noticing a contemporaneous Postal Service notice that new rates for inbound Express Mail... notice pursuant to 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5 that new rates for inbound Express Mail Service...

  8. Comparison of the dose distribution obtained from dosimetric systems with intensity modulated radiotherapy planning system in the treatment of prostate cancer

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gökçe, M., E-mail: mgokce@adu.edu.tr; Uslu, D. Koçyiğit; Ertunç, C.

    The aim of this study is to compare Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT) plan of prostate cancer patients with different dose verification systems in dosimetric aspects and to compare these systems with each other in terms of reliability, applicability and application time. Dosimetric control processes of IMRT plan of three prostate cancer patients were carried out using thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD), ion chamber (IC) and 2D Array detector systems. The difference between the dose values obtained from the dosimetric systems and treatment planning system (TPS) were found to be about % 5. For the measured (TLD) and calculated (TPS) doses %3more » percentage differences were obtained for the points close to center while percentage differences increased at the field edges. It was found that TLD and IC measurements will increase the precision and reliability of the results of 2D Array.« less

  9. 39 CFR 3055.91 - Consumer access to postal services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Consumer access to postal services. 3055.91 Section 3055.91 Postal Service POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION PERSONNEL SERVICE PERFORMANCE AND CUSTOMER SATISFACTION REPORTING Reporting of Customer Satisfaction § 3055.91 Consumer access to postal services. (a) The...

  10. 78 FR 52223 - Change in Postal Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-22

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2013-77; Order No. 1812] Change in Postal Rates AGENCY... Service filing concerning the Postal Service's intention to change rates for Inbound International... intention to change rates for Inbound International Expedited Services 2, effective January 1, 2014.\\1\\ The...

  11. 39 CFR 211.2 - Regulations of the Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... regulations, all regulations of other agencies of the United States continued in effect as postal regulations... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Regulations of the Postal Service. 211.2 Section... REGULATIONS § 211.2 Regulations of the Postal Service. (a) The regulations of the Postal Service consist of...

  12. 76 FR 22739 - Postal Service Market Test

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-22

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MT2011-4; Order No. 717] Postal Service Market Test...-filed Postal Service proposal to conduct a limited market test involving a postage-refund guarantee for certain senders of First-Class Mail and Standard Mail. This document describes the proposed test...

  13. 32 CFR 700.812 - Postal matters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.812 Postal matters. Commanding officers shall ensure that mail and postal funds...

  14. 32 CFR 700.812 - Postal matters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.812 Postal matters. Commanding officers shall ensure that mail and postal funds...

  15. 32 CFR 700.812 - Postal matters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.812 Postal matters. Commanding officers shall ensure that mail and postal funds...

  16. 32 CFR 700.812 - Postal matters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.812 Postal matters. Commanding officers shall ensure that mail and postal funds...

  17. 32 CFR 700.812 - Postal matters.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... OFFICIAL RECORDS UNITED STATES NAVY REGULATIONS AND OFFICIAL RECORDS The Commanding Officer Commanding Officers in General § 700.812 Postal matters. Commanding officers shall ensure that mail and postal funds...

  18. 39 CFR 1.1 - Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. 1.1 Section 1.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL POLICY (ARTICLE I) § 1.1 Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. The U.S. Postal Service is...

  19. 39 CFR 1.1 - Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. 1.1 Section 1.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL POLICY (ARTICLE I) § 1.1 Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. The U.S. Postal Service is...

  20. 39 CFR 1.1 - Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. 1.1 Section 1.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL POLICY (ARTICLE I) § 1.1 Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. The U.S. Postal Service is...

  1. 39 CFR 1.1 - Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. 1.1 Section 1.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL POLICY (ARTICLE I) § 1.1 Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. The U.S. Postal Service is...

  2. 39 CFR 1.1 - Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. 1.1 Section 1.1 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE THE BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE U.S. POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL POLICY (ARTICLE I) § 1.1 Establishment of the U.S. Postal Service. The U.S. Postal Service is...

  3. 39 CFR 762.28 - Release of original disbursement postal money orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Release of original disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements, Payment, Guaranties, Warranties and Processing of Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.28 Release of original disbursement postal...

  4. 39 CFR 762.28 - Release of original disbursement postal money orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Release of original disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements, Payment, Guaranties, Warranties and Processing of Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.28 Release of original disbursement postal...

  5. 39 CFR 762.28 - Release of original disbursement postal money orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Release of original disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements, Payment, Guaranties, Warranties and Processing of Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.28 Release of original disbursement postal...

  6. 39 CFR 762.28 - Release of original disbursement postal money orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Release of original disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements, Payment, Guaranties, Warranties and Processing of Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.28 Release of original disbursement postal...

  7. 39 CFR 235.1 - Postal Service to the Armed Forces.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Postal Service to the Armed Forces. 235.1 Section... LIAISON § 235.1 Postal Service to the Armed Forces. (a) Publication 38, Postal Agreement with the... Armed Forces. (b) The Chief Inspector is responsible for military liaison. (c) Postal inspectors provide...

  8. 78 FR 63520 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-24

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-64 and CP2013-84; Order No. 1850] New Postal... to the competitive product list and the inclusion of a related agreement within the new product. This... address a new GREP Contracts [[Page 63521

  9. 78 FR 43246 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-19

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the addition of Priority Mail Contract 62 to the competitive product... the competitive product list.\\1\\ It asserts that Priority Mail [[Page 43247

  10. 39 CFR 762.43 - Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Issuance of Substitutes for Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated, and Defaced Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.43 Issuance of substitute disbursement postal...

  11. 39 CFR 762.43 - Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Issuance of Substitutes for Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated, and Defaced Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.43 Issuance of substitute disbursement postal...

  12. 39 CFR 762.43 - Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Issuance of Substitutes for Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated, and Defaced Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.43 Issuance of substitute disbursement postal...

  13. 39 CFR 762.43 - Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Issuance of Substitutes for Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated, and Defaced Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.43 Issuance of substitute disbursement postal...

  14. 39 CFR 762.43 - Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money order.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Issuance of substitute disbursement postal money...; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Issuance of Substitutes for Lost, Destroyed, Mutilated, and Defaced Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.43 Issuance of substitute disbursement postal...

  15. 75 FR 34074 - Postal Pricing Methods

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-16

    ... Methods AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The... price sensitivity (elasticity) to volumes actually mailed during the rebate program. This method is... indicated by the market elasticity. Mitchell Comments at 4-6. Postal Service method. In its data collection...

  16. 76 FR 11823 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-03

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2011-22; Order No. 681] New Postal Products AGENCY... new product to the competitive product list. This notice identifies preliminary procedural steps and... a new product, provisionally titled Lightweight Commercial Parcels, to the competitive product list...

  17. 77 FR 2676 - Competitive Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-19

    ... could give the Postal Service an artificial competitive advantage. The Commission gave considerable... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 39 CFR Part 3015 [Docket No. RM2012-3; Order No. 1108] Competitive... Commission is initiating a review to determine whether competitive products provide the appropriate minimum...

  18. 75 FR 65386 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-22

    ... Postal Service believes the instant contract is functionally equivalent to previously submitted GEPS... GEPS 1 as a product, also authorized functionally equivalent agreements to be included within the... Postal Service of Filing a Functionally Equivalent Global Expedited Package Services 3 Negotiated Service...

  19. 76 FR 80412 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-23

    ... Service of Filing Functionally Equivalent Inbound Competitive Multi-Service Agreement with a Foreign... application for non-public treatment of certain materials. The Postal Service also provided a redacted copy of... that the Postal Service proposed adding other functionally equivalent agreements as price categories...

  20. 76 FR 53983 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-30

    ... Foreign Postal Operators 1 product and a functionally equivalent agreement, Koninklijke TNT Post BV and TNT Post Pakketservice Benelux BV (TNT Agreement). The Postal Service asserts that its filing... that the Norway Post Agreement and the TNT Agreement incorporate the same cost and market...

  1. 75 FR 44993 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-30

    ... Equivalent Agreements, Attachment 1, August 8, 2010. While the Postal Service's filing was not submitted... attachments, and supporting financial documentation under seal. Id. at 2. Additionally, in support of its Notice, the Postal Service filed the following five attachments: 1. Attachment 1-a statement of...

  2. 78 FR 40203 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-03

    ...-6820. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Introduction II. Postal Service's Filings III. Notice of Filings IV. Ordering Paragraphs I. Introduction The Postal Service seeks to add Priority Mail International Regional... public Excel file with redacted financial documentation to support the addition of the new product to the...

  3. 77 FR 60728 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with this filing. DATES: Comments are due... competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that First- Class Package Service Contract 18 is a...

  4. 77 FR 60725 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with this filing. DATES: Comments are due... competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that First- Class Package Service Contract 16 is a...

  5. 77 FR 58422 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-20

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add Priority Mail Contract 43 to the competitive product list... request and associated supporting information to add Priority Mail Contract 43 to the competitive product...

  6. 77 FR 51583 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-24

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with this filing. DATES: Comments are due... competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that First- Class Package Service Contract 15 is a...

  7. 77 FR 58421 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-20

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add Priority Mail Contract 42 to the competitive product list... request and associated supporting information to add Priority Mail Contract 42 to the competitive product...

  8. 77 FR 60727 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with this filing. DATES: Comments are due... competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that First- Class Package Service Contract 20 is a...

  9. 77 FR 60729 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with this filing. DATES: Comments are due... competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that First- Class Package Service Contract 17 is a...

  10. 77 FR 60726 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with this filing. DATES: Comments are due... 19 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service asserts that First- Class Package Service...

  11. 78 FR 59382 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-26

    ... relevant to the customer's mailing profile, and cost coverage projections. Id. The Postal Service asks the... recently-filed Postal Service request to add a new product to the competitive product list. This document... due: September 27, 2013. ADDRESSES: Submit comments electronically by accessing the ``Filing Online...

  12. 77 FR 67840 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-14

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent... competitive product list. This notice informs the public of the filing, invites public comment, and takes... to add First-Class Package Service Contract 26 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The Postal Service...

  13. 78 FR 26405 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-06

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the addition of Priority Mail Contract 58 to the competitive product... 58 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ It asserts that Priority Mail Contract 58 is a competitive...

  14. 75 FR 45176 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-02

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service request to add Priority Mail Contract 25 to the competitive product list. The... associated supporting information to add Priority Mail Contract 25 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The...

  15. 78 FR 13714 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-28

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recent Postal Service filing concerning the addition of Priority Mail Contract 55 to the competitive product... 55 to the competitive product list.\\1\\ It asserts that Priority Mail Contract 55 is a competitive...

  16. 78 FR 59733 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-60; Order No. 1838] New Postal Product AGENCY... CFR 3020.50 et seq., a mail user (Petitioner) has filed a request to add a new product, Private... control be forwarded to a new destination address.\\3\\ Petitioner also provides suggested rules regarding...

  17. 78 FR 70969 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product. Id. Attachment B.... 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-5 and CP2014-6; Order No. 1886] New Postal...

  18. 75 FR 45174 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-02

    ... and CP2010-83; Order No. 501] New Postal Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice... Package Services 3 (GEPS 3) contracts to the competitive product list. This notice addresses procedural..., Attachment 3. The Notice also explains that Order No. 86, which established GEPS 1 as a product, also...

  19. 76 FR 4138 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-24

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. CP2011-58; Order No. 652] New Postal Product AGENCY..., which established GREP Contracts 1 as a product, also authorized functionally equivalent agreements to be included within the product, provided that they meet the requirements of 39 U.S.C. 3633. Id. at 1...

  20. 75 FR 28204 - Conduct on Postal Property; Penalties and Other Law

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-20

    ... POSTAL SERVICE 39 CFR Part 232 Conduct on Postal Property; Penalties and Other Law AGENCY: Postal... Postal Service property. DATES: Effective Date: May 20, 2010. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Elizabeth... concerning the maximum penalty for a violation of the rules governing conduct on Postal Service property (75...

  1. 78 FR 65015 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-4 and CP2014-4; Order No. 1861] New Postal... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product. Id. Attachment B. The instant... the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C--proposed changes to the...

  2. 78 FR 59734 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-62 and CP2013-82; Order No. 1837] New Postal... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product. Id. Attachment B. The instant... the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C--proposed changes to the...

  3. 75 FR 471 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-05

    ...' Decision No. 08-10, the Postal Service submitted a description of Global Direct Contracts which it... take the place of its immediate predecessor and one of the original baseline Global Direct Contracts, the contract in Docket No. CP2009-11, the Postal Service requests that the instant contract be treated...

  4. 76 FR 12141 - New Postal Product and New Price Category

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-23 and CP2011-62; Order No. 683] New Postal Product and New Price Category AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The... competitive product list. The Postal Service also states that it has established a new price category under...

  5. 39 CFR 762.28 - Release of original disbursement postal money orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Release of original disbursement postal money... and Processing of Disbursement Postal Money Orders § 762.28 Release of original disbursement postal money orders. An original Disbursement Postal Money Order may be released to a responsible endorser only...

  6. 39 CFR 281.2 - Action required by processing postal officials.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... center director of customer services at the office of mailing. The notification should include, but not... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Action required by processing postal officials. 281.2 Section 281.2 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION FIRM...

  7. 78 FR 79023 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-11 and CP2014-15; Order No. 1918] New Postal... related to the proposed new product. Id. Attachment B. The instant contract has been assigned Docket No...: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a...

  8. 75 FR 79054 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-8, CP2011-41 and CP2011-42; Order No. 608] New... seq., the Postal Service seeks to add a new product Global Plus 2B Contracts, to the competitive... new `baseline' agreements for consideration of future functional analyses of the Global Plus 2B...

  9. 78 FR 65016 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-2 and CP2014-2; Order No. 1859] New Postal... related to the proposed new product. Id. Attachment B. The instant contract has been assigned Docket No...: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a...

  10. 77 FR 27491 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-10

    ..., April 30, 2012 (Request). Request. In support of its Request, the Postal Service filed six attachments... exceed 85 percent of the total volume of pieces mailed. Id. Valassis has agreed to initiate mailings... 1,000,000 pieces during the following 12 months or pay the Postal Service a one-time fee of $100,000...

  11. 78 FR 30940 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-05-23

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-50 and CP2013-63; Order No. 1719] New Postal... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  12. 75 FR 44029 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-07-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2010-28 and CP2010-71; Order No. 492] New Postal... No. CP2009-50. It states the mailer's current contract ends July 31, 2010, and it expects the new... demonstrate that the new GEPS 3 contract complies with the requirements of 39 U.S.C. 3633, is functionally...

  13. 78 FR 43245 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-07-19

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-55 and CP2013-73; Order No. 1777] New Postal... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  14. 78 FR 36795 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-19

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-52 and CP2013-66; Order No. 1747] New Postal... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  15. 77 FR 65589 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-29

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-10 and CP2013-10; Order No. 1513] New Postal...

  16. 78 FR 55125 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-09

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-58 and CP2013-79; Order No. 1825] New Postal...

  17. 78 FR 6358 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-35 and CP2013-46; Order No. 1636] New Postal...

  18. 78 FR 6359 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-33 and CP2013-44; Order No. 1634] New Postal...

  19. 78 FR 4173 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-18

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-32 and CP2013-41; Order No. 1622] New Postal...

  20. 77 FR 65590 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-29

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-9 and CP2013-9; Order No. 1512] New Postal...

  1. 78 FR 4174 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-18

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-31 and CP2013-40; Order No. 1621] New Postal...

  2. 78 FR 8597 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-06

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-36 and CP2013-47; Order No. 1644] New Postal...

  3. 78 FR 8598 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-06

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-37 and CP2013-48; Order No. 1645] New Postal...

  4. 77 FR 76092 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-21 and CP2013-29; Order No. 1583] New Postal...

  5. 77 FR 66192 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-02

    ... contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-13 and CP2013-13; Order No. 1521] New Postal...

  6. 77 FR 70489 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-18 and CP2013-17; Order No. 1544] New Postal... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C...

  7. 77 FR 305 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-04

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2012-4 and CP2012-8; Order No. 1073] New Postal...), as well as a new GEPS-NPR 3 model contract and accompanying financial model that differ from the GEPS... to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B. The...

  8. 78 FR 963 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-07

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-27 and CP2013-35; Order No. 1601] New Postal... Global Express Guaranteed (GXG), as well as the creation of a new GEPS-NPR 4 model contract and... redacted version of the GEPS-NPR 4 model contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632...

  9. 77 FR 47885 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-08-10

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2012-36 and CP2012-44; Order No. 1422] New Postal... new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B. The instant contract has... attachments as follows: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new...

  10. 77 FR 70491 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-17 and CP2013-16; Order No. 1543] New Postal... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C...

  11. 77 FR 70488 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-20 and CP2013-19; Order No.1546] New Postal... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  12. 78 FR 79025 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-13 and CP2014-17; Order No. 1920] New Postal... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C...

  13. 78 FR 65014 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2014-3 and CP2014-3; Order No. 1860] New Postal Product... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract...

  14. 78 FR 79022 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-27

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2014-12 and CP2014-16; Order No. 1919] New Postal... proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B. The instant contract... attachments as follows: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new...

  15. 77 FR 70490 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-26

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-19 and CP2013-18; Order No. 1545] New Postal... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C...

  16. 78 FR 47431 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-05

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. C2009-1R, MC2013-57 and CP2013-75; Order No. 1794] New... Paragraphs I. Introduction On July 26, 2013, the Postal Service filed a request to create a new competitive... Mailer from the market dominant product list; and (2) add the new Round-Trip Mailer product to the...

  17. 77 FR 66191 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-02

    ... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-12 and CP2013-12; Order No. 1520] New Postal...

  18. 77 FR 65588 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-29

    ... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-11 and CP2013-11; Order No. 1514] New Postal...

  19. 77 FR 76093 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-23 and CP2013-31; Order No. 1585] New Postal...

  20. 78 FR 6359 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-30

    ... related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B. The..., authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C--proposed changes to... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-34 and CP2013-45; Order No. 1635] New Postal...

  1. 77 FR 65588 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-29

    ... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-8 and CP2013-8; Order No. 1511] New Postal...

  2. 77 FR 76570 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-28

    ... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-26 and CP2013-34; Order No. 1590] New Postal...

  3. 77 FR 76571 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-28

    ... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket No. MC2013-25 and CP2013-33; Order No. 1589] New Postal...

  4. 77 FR 76094 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-26

    ... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-22 and CP2013-30; Order No. 1584] New Postal...

  5. 77 FR 60725 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-04

    ... related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id. Attachment B. The..., authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C--proposed changes to... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2012-54 and CP2012-66; Order No. 1486] New Postal...

  6. 76 FR 67500 - Postal Service Price Adjustment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... available data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics provides the Postal Service with inflation-based price... includes a brief introductory section, three enumerated parts, and three attachments. The Postal Service also submitted separate workpapers supporting the planned changes. The introductory section includes...

  7. 76 FR 25381 - Postal Service Market Test

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-05-04

    ... AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a recently-filed Postal Service motion for a temporary extension of the Collaborative Logistics experimental market test, pending Commission action on anticipated request for permanent status. This document grants a one...

  8. 77 FR 63898 - New Postal Product; Negotiated Service Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-17

    ... Postal Service contemporaneously filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U...: Attachment A--a redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-1 and CP2013-1; Order No. 1492] New Postal...

  9. 77 FR 12724 - International Postal Service-Global Expedited Package Services (GEPS) Contracts

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-02

    ... POSTAL SERVICE\\TM\\ 39 CFR Part 20 International Postal Service--Global Expedited Package Services (GEPS) Contracts AGENCY: Postal Service TM . ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Postal Service will revise Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service, International Mail Manual (IMM[supreg]) to...

  10. 39 CFR 762.30 - Disbursement postal money orders issued to incompetent payees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... shall be forwarded to the Money Order Division, Postal Data Center, P.O. Box 14963, St. Louis, MO 63182... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Disbursement postal money orders issued to... OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements, Payment...

  11. 39 CFR 762.31 - Disbursement postal money orders issued to deceased payees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... should be returned to the Money Order Division, Postal Data Center, P.O. Box 14963, St. Louis, MO 63182... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Disbursement postal money orders issued to... OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements, Payment...

  12. 76 FR 9381 - Change in Contractual Priority Mail Postal Prices

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-17

    ... Mail Postal Prices AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is... prices. This document provides public notice of the changes and addresses related procedural steps. DATES... INFORMATION: I. Introduction On February 9, 2011, the Postal Service filed notice of a change in prices...

  13. Volpe environmental partnership with U.S. Postal Service

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1997-01-01

    The award winning environmental initiatives of the United States Postal Service make it one of the "greenest" of all federal government agencies. Given the size and scope of its operations, the Postal Service required outside technical support to qui...

  14. 78 FR 67951 - Price Cap Rules for Certain Postal Rate Adjustments; Corrections

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-13

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION 39 CFR Part 3010 [Docket No. RM2013-2; Order No. 1786] Price Cap Rules for Certain Postal Rate Adjustments; Corrections AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Correcting amendments. SUMMARY: The Postal Regulatory Commission published a document in the Federal Register...

  15. 39 CFR 447.52 - Holding of State or local office by Postal Service employees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Holding of State or local office by Postal Service employees. 447.52 Section 447.52 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE PERSONNEL RULES OF CONDUCT FOR POSTAL EMPLOYEES Participation in Community Affairs § 447.52 Holding of State or local office by Postal Service employees. (a) An employee...

  16. 75 FR 69142 - Postal Rate and Classification Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-10

    ... with notice that the Postal Service has filed with the Commission notice of its intention of planned... changes have an anticipated effective date of January 2, 2011. The Postal Service's filing triggers a review process, which includes an opportunity for the public to comment. This document addresses the...

  17. 77 FR 64362 - Postal Rate and Classification Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-19

    .... Promotions As part of this filing, the Postal Service seeks approval of six promotions during calendar year.... Table 6--First-Class Mail Price Changes Percent First-class mail product change Single-Piece Letters and...-piece letter mail (including the Forever stamp), increases by one cent under the Postal Service's plan...

  18. 39 CFR 762.25 - Reclamation of amounts of paid disbursement postal money orders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... paid disbursement postal money orders. The Postal Service shall have the right to demand refund from the presenting bank of the amount of a paid Disbursement Postal Money Order if after payment the... another for a deceased payee where the right to the proceeds of such Disbursement Postal Money Orders...

  19. 78 FR 51678 - Market Tests of Experimental Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-08-21

    ...] Market Tests of Experimental Postal Products AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule... tests of experimental products. The proposed rules address the contents of market test filings, describe... Tests I. Introduction The Commission proposes to establish rules governing market tests of experimental...

  20. Four-dimensional computed tomography based respiratory-gated radiotherapy with respiratory guidance system: analysis of respiratory signals and dosimetric comparison.

    PubMed

    Lee, Jung Ae; Kim, Chul Yong; Yang, Dae Sik; Yoon, Won Sup; Park, Young Je; Lee, Suk; Kim, Young Bum

    2014-01-01

    To investigate the effectiveness of respiratory guidance system in 4-dimensional computed tomography (4 DCT) based respiratory-gated radiation therapy (RGRT) by comparing respiratory signals and dosimetric analysis of treatment plans. The respiratory amplitude and period of the free, the audio device-guided, and the complex system-guided breathing were evaluated in eleven patients with lung or liver cancers. The dosimetric parameters were assessed by comparing free breathing CT plan and 4 DCT-based 30-70% maximal intensity projection (MIP) plan. The use of complex system-guided breathing showed significantly less variation in respiratory amplitude and period compared to the free or audio-guided breathing regarding the root mean square errors (RMSE) of full inspiration (P = 0.031), full expiration (P = 0.007), and period (P = 0.007). The dosimetric parameters including V(5 Gy), V(10 Gy), V(20 Gy), V(30 Gy), V(40 Gy), and V(50 Gy) of normal liver or lung in 4 DCT MIP plan were superior over free breathing CT plan. The reproducibility and regularity of respiratory amplitude and period were significantly improved with the complex system-guided breathing compared to the free or the audio-guided breathing. In addition, the treatment plan based on the 4D CT-based MIP images acquired with the complex system guided breathing showed better normal tissue sparing than that on the free breathing CT.

  1. [Dosimetric system for assessing doses received by people occupationally exposed to external sources of ionizing radiation].

    PubMed

    Brodecki, Marcin; Domienik, Joanna U; Zmyślony, Marek

    2012-01-01

    The current system of dosimetric quantities has been defined by the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) and the International Commission on Radiation Units and Measurements (ICRU). Complexity of the system implies the physical nature of ionizing radiation, resulting from the presence of different types of radiation of different ionization capabilities, as well as the individual radiation sensitivity of biological material exposed. According to the latest recommendations, there are three types of dosimeter quantities relevant to radiation protection and radiological assessment of occupational exposure. These are the basic quantities, safety quantities and operational quantities. Dose limits for occupational exposure relate directly to the protection quantities, i.e. the equivalent dose and effective dose, while these quantities are practically unmeasurable in real measurement conditions. For this reason, in the system of dosimetric quantities directly measurable operating volumes were defined. They represent equivalents of the protection quantities that allow for a reliable assessment of equivalent and effective dose by conducting routine monitoring of occupational exposure. This paper presents the characteristics of these quantities, their relationships and importance in assessing individual effects of radiation. Also the methods for their implementation in personal and environmental dosimetry were showcased. The material contained in the article is a compendium of essential information about dosimetric quantities with reference to the contemporary requirements of the law, including the changed annual occupational exposure limit for the lens of the eye. The material is especially addressed to those responsible for dosimetry monitoring in the workplace, radiation protection inspectors and occupational health physicians.

  2. 75 FR 22189 - Obtaining Information From the Postal Service

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-27

    ... rules governing (1) the issuance of subpoenas requiring officers, employees, agents, or contractors of... transmitted to third-party agents or contractors. Rule 14 is modified to revise the Postal Service's... officers and employees), to persons or entities currently acting as agents for the Postal Service, or to...

  3. 39 CFR 255.7 - Special arrangements for postal services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY § 255.7 Special arrangements for postal services. Members of the public who are unable... offer other special arrangements to that individual. (a) The Postal Operations Manual offers information... accessible to individuals in wheelchairs. Information regarding the location of the nearest center may be...

  4. 39 CFR 255.3 - Nondiscrimination under any program or activity conducted by the Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Nondiscrimination under any program or activity conducted by the Postal Service. 255.3 Section 255.3 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE ORGANIZATION AND ADMINISTRATION ACCESS OF PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES TO POSTAL SERVICE PROGRAMS, ACTIVITIES...

  5. 75 FR 69143 - Postal Rate and Classification Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-10

    ...This document addresses a recently-filed Postal Service request for three postal rate and classification changes. One change will affect certain senders of First-Class Mail Presort and Automation Letters. Another change will affect Standard Mail and High Density milers. The third change affects the Move Update Charge threshold. This document provides details about the anticipated changes and addresses procedural steps associated with this filing.

  6. Dosimetric audit in brachytherapy

    PubMed Central

    Bradley, D A; Nisbet, A

    2014-01-01

    Dosimetric audit is required for the improvement of patient safety in radiotherapy and to aid optimization of treatment. The reassurance that treatment is being delivered in line with accepted standards, that delivered doses are as prescribed and that quality improvement is enabled is as essential for brachytherapy as it is for the more commonly audited external beam radiotherapy. Dose measurement in brachytherapy is challenging owing to steep dose gradients and small scales, especially in the context of an audit. Several different approaches have been taken for audit measurement to date: thimble and well-type ionization chambers, thermoluminescent detectors, optically stimulated luminescence detectors, radiochromic film and alanine. In this work, we review all of the dosimetric brachytherapy audits that have been conducted in recent years, look at current audits in progress and propose required directions for brachytherapy dosimetric audit in the future. The concern over accurate source strength measurement may be essentially resolved with modern equipment and calibration methods, but brachytherapy is a rapidly developing field and dosimetric audit must keep pace. PMID:24807068

  7. STS-8 postal Stamp envelope

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1983-01-01

    STS-8 postal Stamp envelope with Challenger insignia, USA eagle stamp, 25th NASA anniversary stamp. The envelope is stamped with various postmarks, one saying Kennedy Space Center, Fl., another saying 'Returned to earth, Edwards AFB, CA'.

  8. 12 CFR 7.1010 - Postal service by national bank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Postal service by national bank. 7.1010 Section 7.1010 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BANK ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS Bank Powers § 7.1010 Postal service by national bank. (a) General. A national bank may maintain...

  9. 12 CFR 7.1010 - Postal service by national bank.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Postal service by national bank. 7.1010 Section 7.1010 Banks and Banking COMPTROLLER OF THE CURRENCY, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BANK ACTIVITIES AND OPERATIONS Bank Powers § 7.1010 Postal service by national bank. (a) General. A national bank may maintain...

  10. 77 FR 63899 - New Postal Product; Negotiated Service Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-17

    ... redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015.5. Id...' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract; Attachment C... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-2 and CP2013-2; Order No. 1493] New Postal...

  11. Increasing response rates to postal questionnaires: systematic review

    PubMed Central

    Edwards, Phil; Roberts, Ian; Clarke, Mike; DiGuiseppi, Carolyn; Pratap, Sarah; Wentz, Reinhard; Kwan, Irene

    2002-01-01

    Objective To identify methods to increase response to postal questionnaires. Design Systematic review of randomised controlled trials of any method to influence response to postal questionnaires. Studies reviewed 292 randomised controlled trials including 258 315 participants Intervention reviewed 75 strategies for influencing response to postal questionnaires. Main outcome measure The proportion of completed or partially completed questionnaires returned. Results The odds of response were more than doubled when a monetary incentive was used (odds ratio 2.02; 95% confidence interval 1.79 to 2.27) and almost doubled when incentives were not conditional on response (1.71; 1.29 to 2.26). Response was more likely when short questionnaires were used (1.86; 1.55 to 2.24). Personalised questionnaires and letters increased response (1.16; 1.06 to 1.28), as did the use of coloured ink (1.39; 1.16 to 1.67). The odds of response were more than doubled when the questionnaires were sent by recorded delivery (2.21; 1.51 to 3.25) and increased when stamped return envelopes were used (1.26; 1.13 to 1.41) and questionnaires were sent by first class post (1.12; 1.02 to 1.23). Contacting participants before sending questionnaires increased response (1.54; 1.24 to 1.92), as did follow up contact (1.44; 1.22 to 1.70) and providing non-respondents with a second copy of the questionnaire (1.41; 1.02 to 1.94). Questionnaires designed to be of more interest to participants were more likely to be returned (2.44; 1.99 to 3.01), but questionnaires containing questions of a sensitive nature were less likely to be returned (0.92; 0.87 to 0.98). Questionnaires originating from universities were more likely to be returned than were questionnaires from other sources, such as commercial organisations (1.31; 1.11 to 1.54). Conclusions Health researchers using postal questionnaires can improve the quality of their research by using the strategies shown to be effective in this systematic review

  12. 39 CFR 3050.20 - Compliance and other analyses in the Postal Service's section 3652 report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... PERSONNEL PERIODIC REPORTING § 3050.20 Compliance and other analyses in the Postal Service's section 3652 report. (a) The Postal Service's section 3652 report shall include an analysis of the information that it... 39 Postal Service 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Compliance and other analyses in the Postal...

  13. 39 CFR 3050.20 - Compliance and other analyses in the Postal Service's section 3652 report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... PERSONNEL PERIODIC REPORTING § 3050.20 Compliance and other analyses in the Postal Service's section 3652 report. (a) The Postal Service's section 3652 report shall include an analysis of the information that it... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Compliance and other analyses in the Postal...

  14. 39 CFR 761.8 - Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities; payment of interest, payment at maturity or upon...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities... POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL SERVICE DEBT OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 761.8 Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities; payment of interest, payment at maturity or upon...

  15. 39 CFR 761.8 - Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities; payment of interest, payment at maturity or upon...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities... POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL SERVICE DEBT OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 761.8 Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities; payment of interest, payment at maturity or upon...

  16. 39 CFR 761.8 - Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities; payment of interest, payment at maturity or upon...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities... POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL SERVICE DEBT OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 761.8 Servicing book-entry Postal Service securities; payment of interest, payment at maturity or upon...

  17. 76 FR 66766 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-10-27

    ... supporting financial documentation as a separate Excel file. Australia Post Agreement. The Postal Service... of the Australia Post Agreement is provided in the Excel file included with the filing. Notice at 1-2...

  18. Electronic Mail: Defining a Role for the U.S. Postal Service.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McLaughlin, John F.

    Threatened by competitive diversification and by increasing costs, the United States Postal Service has investigated two potential cost reducing systems: (1) a microsystem which would provide electronic facsimile transmission between major markets and (2) a macrosystem which could take digital input such as utility bills and deliver a hardcopy to…

  19. 76 FR 77483 - Nationwide Change in Postal Delivery Service Standards

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-13

    ... whether certain changes in the nature of postal services conform to the applicable polices of title 39.\\1... D. Bradley on behalf of the United States Postal Service (USPS-T-10). Based upon quantitative and qualitative market research provided in Direct Testimony of Rebecca Elmore-Yalch on bhalf of the United States...

  20. LabVIEW-based control and acquisition system for the dosimetric characterization of a silicon strip detector.

    PubMed

    Ovejero, M C; Pérez Vega-Leal, A; Gallardo, M I; Espino, J M; Selva, A; Cortés-Giraldo, M A; Arráns, R

    2017-02-01

    The aim of this work is to present a new data acquisition, control, and analysis software system written in LabVIEW. This system has been designed to obtain the dosimetry of a silicon strip detector in polyethylene. It allows the full automation of the experiments and data analysis required for the dosimetric characterization of silicon detectors. It becomes a useful tool that can be applied in the daily routine check of a beam accelerator.

  1. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT - U.S. POSTAL SERVICE OPERATIONS, MERRIFIELD, VIRGINIA

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Postal Service (USPS) in cooperation with EPA’s National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is engaged in an effort to integrate waste prevention and recycling activities into the waste management programs at Postal facilities. This report describ...

  2. 39 CFR 3050.13 - Additional documentation required in the Postal Service's section 3652 report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Service's section 3652 report. 3050.13 Section 3050.13 Postal Service POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION PERSONNEL PERIODIC REPORTING § 3050.13 Additional documentation required in the Postal Service's section... recent Annual Compliance Determination was issued and the reasons that those changes were accepted. ...

  3. Changing Postal ZIP Code Boundaries

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2006-06-23

    the nine postal areas from John E. Potter (now CRS-5 Postmaster General, then senior vice president for operations) and Deborah Wilhite, senior vice...accommodations were reached in 64% of the first 28 reviews to be completed.10 Steve Burkholder , mayor of Lakewood, CO, and point person for the

  4. A randomized trial found online questionnaires supplemented by postal reminders generated a cost-effective and generalizable sample but don't forget the reminders.

    PubMed

    Loban, Amanda; Mandefield, Laura; Hind, Daniel; Bradburn, Mike

    2017-12-01

    The objective of this study was to compare the response rates, data completeness, and representativeness of survey data produced by online and postal surveys. A randomized trial nested within a cohort study in Yorkshire, United Kingdom. Participants were randomized to receive either an electronic (online) survey questionnaire with paper reminder (N = 2,982) or paper questionnaire with electronic reminder (N = 2,855). Response rates were similar for electronic contact and postal contacts (50.9% vs. 49.7%, difference = 1.2%, 95% confidence interval: -1.3% to 3.8%). The characteristics of those responding to the two groups were similar. Participants nevertheless demonstrated an overwhelming preference for postal questionnaires, with the majority responding by post in both groups. Online survey questionnaire systems need to be supplemented with a postal reminder to achieve acceptable uptake, but doing so provides a similar response rate and case mix when compared to postal questionnaires alone. For large surveys, online survey systems may be cost saving. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. 75 FR 7634 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-22

    ... public that the Postal Service has filed a request to add International Business Reply Service... entered into two additional International Business Reply Service (IBRS) Contracts.\\1\\ Additionally, the... to Establish Successor Instruments as Baseline International Business Reply Service Competitive...

  6. SU-F-P-11: Long Term Dosimetric Stability of 6 TomoTherapy Systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Smilowitz, J; Dunkerley, D; Geurts, M

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: The dosimetric stability of six TomoTherapy units was analyzed to investigate changes in performance over time and with system upgrades. Methods: Energy and output were tracked using monitor chamber signal, onboard MVCT detector signal and external ion chamber measurements. The systems (and monitoring periods) include 3 Hi-Art (67, 61 and 65 mos.), 2 HDA (29 and 25 mos.) and one research unit (7 mo.). Dose Control Stability system (DCS) was installed on 4 systems. Output stability is reported as deviation from reference monitor chamber signal for all systems, and from an external chamber for 4 systems. Energy stability wasmore » monitored using the relative (center versus off-axis) MVCT detector signal and/or the ratio of chamber measurements at 2 depths. The results from the clinical systems were used to benchmark the stability of the research unit, which has the same linear accelerator but runs at a higher dose rate. Results: The output based on monitor chamber data of all six systems is very stable. Non- DCS had a standard deviation of 1.7% and 1.8%. As expected, DCS systems had improved standard deviation: 0.003–0.05%. The energy was also very stable for all units. The standard deviation in exit detector flatness was 0.02–0.3%. Ion chamber output and 20/10 cm ratios supported these results. The stability for the research system, as monitored with a variety of metrics, is on par with the existing systems. Conclusion: The output and energy of six TomoTherapy units over a total of almost 10 years is quite stable. For each system, the results are consistent between the different measurement tools and techniques, proving not only the dosimetric stability, but that these quality parameters can be confirmed with various metrics. A research unit operating at a higher dose rate performed as well as the clinical treatment units. University of Wisconsin and Accuray Inc. (vendor of TomoTherapy systems) have a research agreement which supplies funds for

  7. Practical simplifications for radioimmunotherapy dosimetric models

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shen, S.; DeNardo, G.L.; O`Donnell, R.T.

    1999-01-01

    Radiation dosimetry is potentially useful for assessment and prediction of efficacy and toxicity for radionuclide therapy. The usefulness of these dose estimates relies on the establishment of a dose-response model using accurate pharmacokinetic data and a radiation dosimetric model. Due to the complexity in radiation dose estimation, many practical simplifications have been introduced in the dosimetric modeling for clinical trials of radioimmunotherapy. Although research efforts are generally needed to improve the simplifications used at each stage of model development, practical simplifications are often possible for specific applications without significant consequences to the dose-response model. In the development of dosimetric methodsmore » for radioimmunotherapy, practical simplifications in the dosimetric models were introduced. This study evaluated the magnitude of uncertainty associated with practical simplifications for: (1) organ mass of the MIRD phantom; (2) radiation contribution from target alone; (3) interpolation of S value; (4) macroscopic tumor uniformity; and (5) fit of tumor pharmacokinetic data.« less

  8. 39 CFR 601.104 - Postal purchasing authority.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...: INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS OTHER THAN PATENTS PURCHASING OF PROPERTY AND SERVICES § 601.104 Postal purchasing..., or terminating any contract regarding the acquisition of property, services, and related purchasing...

  9. 39 CFR 3001.117 - Posting of documents by Postal Service for inspection by affected postal patrons.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... PERSONNEL RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Rules Applicable to Appeals of Postal Service Determinations To... cause to be displayed prominently, in the post office or offices serving the patrons affected by the... display prominently any such document shall be deemed sufficient reason to suspend the effectiveness of...

  10. Errors in radiation oncology: A study in pathways and dosimetric impact

    PubMed Central

    Drzymala, Robert E.; Purdy, James A.; Michalski, Jeff

    2005-01-01

    As complexity for treating patients increases, so does the risk of error. Some publications have suggested that record and verify (R&V) systems may contribute in propagating errors. Direct data transfer has the potential to eliminate most, but not all, errors. And although the dosimetric consequences may be obvious in some cases, a detailed study does not exist. In this effort, we examined potential errors in terms of scenarios, pathways of occurrence, and dosimetry. Our goal was to prioritize error prevention according to likelihood of event and dosimetric impact. For conventional photon treatments, we investigated errors of incorrect source‐to‐surface distance (SSD), energy, omitted wedge (physical, dynamic, or universal) or compensating filter, incorrect wedge or compensating filter orientation, improper rotational rate for arc therapy, and geometrical misses due to incorrect gantry, collimator or table angle, reversed field settings, and setup errors. For electron beam therapy, errors investigated included incorrect energy, incorrect SSD, along with geometric misses. For special procedures we examined errors for total body irradiation (TBI, incorrect field size, dose rate, treatment distance) and LINAC radiosurgery (incorrect collimation setting, incorrect rotational parameters). Likelihood of error was determined and subsequently rated according to our history of detecting such errors. Dosimetric evaluation was conducted by using dosimetric data, treatment plans, or measurements. We found geometric misses to have the highest error probability. They most often occurred due to improper setup via coordinate shift errors or incorrect field shaping. The dosimetric impact is unique for each case and depends on the proportion of fields in error and volume mistreated. These errors were short‐lived due to rapid detection via port films. The most significant dosimetric error was related to a reversed wedge direction. This may occur due to incorrect collimator

  11. 76 FR 22157 - Postal Service Rate Adjustment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-04-20

    ... identifies Greg Dawson, Manager of Pricing Strategy, as the official responsible for responding to any... program is an example of the increased pricing flexibility under the Postal Accountability and Enhancement...

  12. 78 FR 33451 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-04

    ... Supporting Justification, Frank Cebello, Executive Director, Global Business Management, asserts that the... and medium-size businesses. Request at 5. Governors' Decision No. 10-1 established prices and...' Decision No. 11-6 authorizes Postal Service management to prepare and present to the Commission product...

  13. 76 FR 10410 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-02-24

    ... recently-filed Postal Service request to add International Business Reply Service (IBRS) Competitive... International Business Reply Service (IBRS) Competitive Contract 3 to the competitive product list and... International Business Reply Service Competitive Contract 3 to the Competitive Products List and Notice of...

  14. 75 FR 28076 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-19

    ...) contracts.\\1\\ The Postal Service believes the instant contracts are functionally equivalent to previously..., which established GEPS 1 as a product, also authorized functionally equivalent agreements to be included... of Four Functionally Equivalent Global Expedited Package Services 2 Negotiated Service Agreements and...

  15. 76 FR 593 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-01-05

    ... 1-2. \\1\\ Notice of United States Postal Service of Filing a Functionally Equivalent Global Expedited Package Services 3 Negotiated Service Agreement and Application for Non-Public Treatment of Materials... Filing a Functionally Equivalent Global Expedited Package Services 3 Negotiated Service Agreement and...

  16. 75 FR 22633 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-29

    ...) contracts.\\1\\ The Postal Service believes the instant contracts are functionally equivalent to previously..., which established GEPS 1 as a product, also authorized functionally equivalent agreements to be included... Filing of Two Functionally Equivalent Global Expedited Package Services 2 Negotiated Service Agreements...

  17. 75 FR 9005 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-26

    ... functionally equivalent to previously submitted GEPS 2 contracts, and is supported by Governors' Decision No... functionally equivalent agreements to be included within the product, provided that they meet the requirements...]\\ Notice of United States Postal Service Filing of Functionally Equivalent Global Expedited Package...

  18. 75 FR 45175 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-02

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... to the competitive product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with the filing... that Order No. 86, which established GEPS 1 as a product, also authorized functionally equivalent...

  19. 75 FR 5236 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-02

    ... Description] Premium Stamped Stationery [Reserved for Product Description] Premium Stamped Cards [Reserved for... determine whether such an agreement (1) Improves the net financial position of the Postal Service or... Descriptions First-Class Mail [Reserved for Class Description] Single-Piece Letters/Postcards [Reserved for...

  20. Establishment of postal audit system in intensity-modulated radiotherapy by radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters and a radiochromic film.

    PubMed

    Okamoto, Hiroyuki; Minemura, Toshiyuki; Nakamura, Mitsuhiro; Mizuno, Hideyuki; Tohyama, Naoki; Nishio, Teiji; Wakita, Akihisa; Nakamura, Satoshi; Nishioka, Shie; Iijima, Kotaro; Fujiyama, Daisuke; Itami, Jun; Nishimura, Yasumasa

    2018-04-01

    We developed an efficient postal audit system to independently assess the delivered dose using radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeters (RPLDs) and the positional differences of fields using EBT3 film at the axial plane for intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). The audit phantom had a C-shaped target structure as a planning target volume (PTV) with four measurement points for the RPLDs and a cylindrical structure as the organ at risk (OAR) for one measurement point. The phantoms were sent to 24 institutions. Point dose measurements with a 0.6 cm 3 PTW farmer chamber were also performed to justify glass dosimetry in IMRT. The measured dose with the RPLDs was compared to the calculated dose in the institution's treatment planning system (TPS). The mean ± 1.96σ of the ratio of the measured dose with the RPLDs to the farmer chamber was 0.997 ± 0.024 with no significant difference (p = .175). The investigations demonstrated that glass dosimetry was reliable with a high measurement accuracy comparable to the chamber. The mean ± 1.96σ for the dose differences with a reference of the TPS dose for the PTV and the OAR was 0.1 ± 2.5% and -2.1 ± 17.8%, respectively. The mean ± 1.96σ for the right-left and the anterior-posterior direction was -0.9 ± 2.8 and 0.5 ± 1.4 mm, respectively. This study is the first report to justify glass dosimetry for implementation in IMRT audit in Japan. We demonstrate that our postal audit system has high accuracy with a high-level criterion of 3%/3 mm. Copyright © 2018 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. A Proven Method for Meeting Export Control Objectives in Postal and Shipping Sectors

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-02-01

    months, the USPIS team developed and implemented an export screening standard operating procedure, implemented new and updated processes and systems ...support and protect the U.S. Postal Service and its employees, infrastructure, and customers; enforce the laws that defend the nation’s mail system ...the incidence of mail shipments violating export control laws, regulations, and standards . • Evaluate current processes and systems and identify

  2. 29 CFR 4.122 - Contracts for operation of postal contract stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Application of the McNamara-O'Hara Service Contract Act Specific Exclusions § 4.122 Contracts for operation of postal contract stations. The Act, in paragraph (7) of section 7, exempts from its provisions “any... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Contracts for operation of postal contract stations. 4.122...

  3. 75 FR 45174 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-02

    ...-published Rates, rate schedules, a management analysis, and certification that prices satisfy applicable pricing criteria. Attachment 3 is a Statement of Justification by the Executive Director, Global Business Management. Attachment 4 is a representative agreement between the Postal Service and a customer of GEPS--Non...

  4. 75 FR 12445 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-16

    ... Commission is adding International Business Reply Service Competitive Contract 2 to the Competitive Product List. This action is consistent with a postal reform law. Republication of the Market Dominant and... identified as International Business Reply Service Competitive Contract 2 to the Competitive Product [[Page...

  5. 75 FR 7296 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-18

    ... Equivalent Global Expedited package Services 2 Negotiated Service Agreement and Application for Non-Public... Postal Service believes the instant contract is functionally equivalent to previously submitted GEPS 2... established GEPS 1 as a product, also authorized functionally equivalent agreements to be included within the...

  6. 77 FR 24996 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-26

    ... Product AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Commission is noticing a... product list. This notice addresses procedural steps associated with the filing. DATES: Comments are due... supporting information to add First-Class Package Service Contract 1 to the Competitive Product List.\\1\\ The...

  7. Career Education Program: Geneva Area City Schools. [Grade 2 Units: Postal Services, Our Homes, Clothing, Community Helpers, and Custodians In Our Lives].

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Geneva Area City Schools, OH.

    Five curriculum units for the second grade level focus on: (1) clothing producers and suppliers, and the clothing industry; (2) postal service workers and the postal system; (3) janitorial workers; (4) workers who build, furnish, and maintain homes and the housing industry; and (5) various community workers. Behavioral unit objectives emphasize…

  8. 77 FR 65232 - New Postal Product and Related Negotiated Service Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-25

    ... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy of the contract... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-7 and CP2013-7; Order No. 1507] New Postal...

  9. 77 FR 65231 - New Postal Product and Related Negotiated Service Agreement

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-25

    ... filed a redacted contract related to the proposed new product under 39 U.S.C. 3632(b)(3) and 39 CFR 3015... redacted copy of Governors' Decision No. 11-6, authorizing the new product; Attachment B--a redacted copy... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2013-6 and CP2013-6; Order No. 1506] New Postal...

  10. 39 CFR 762.29 - Endorsement of disbursement postal money orders by payees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... commercial usage for the negotiation, transfer, or collection of negotiable instruments. (b) Endorsement of disbursement postal money orders by a financial organization under the payee's authorization. When a Disbursement Postal Money Order is credited by a financial organization to the payee's account under his...

  11. 75 FR 7201 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-18

    ... adding Priority Mail Contract 24 to the Competitive Product List. This action is consistent with changes in a postal reform law. Republication of the lists of market dominant and competitive products is... Mail Contract 24 to the Competitive Product List. For the reasons discussed below, the Commission...

  12. 75 FR 9523 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-03

    ... adding Global Direct Contracts 1 to the Competitive Product List. This action is consistent with a postal reform law. Republication of the lists of market dominant and competitive products is also consistent... Competitive Product List. For the reasons discussed below, the Commission approves the Request. II. Background...

  13. 75 FR 6108 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-08

    ... Competitive Services to the Competitive Product List. This action is consistent with a postal reform law. Republication of the lists of market dominant and competitive products is also consistent with statutory... Agreement for Inbound Competitive Services, to the Competitive Product List. For the reasons discussed below...

  14. 75 FR 11452 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-11

    .... Ordering Paragraphs I. Introduction and Summary In Docket No. MC2008-1, the Commission found that six..., the Commission ruled that six previously unclassified services were postal services. Those six... whether these six services should be added to the MCS product lists. Instead, the Commission classified...

  15. 76 FR 80985 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-27

    ... calendar year 2011. Id. at 3. Both notices expressed the Postal Service's view that the contingency pricing....gov/prc-pages/filing-online/login.aspx . Commenters who cannot submit their views electronically..., pursuant to 39 CFR 3015.5, of contingency prices under an outstanding International Business Reply Service...

  16. 77 FR 61307 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-09

    ...: Transfer Mail Processing Cost Model for Machinable and Irregular Standard Mail Parcels to the Mail Processing Cost Model for Parcel Select/Parcel Return Service. The Postal Service proposes to move the machinable and irregular cost worksheets contained in the Standard Mail parcel mail processing cost model to...

  17. Dosimetric characterization of a bi-directional micromultileaf collimator for stereotactic applications.

    PubMed

    Bucciolini, M; Russo, S; Banci Buonamici, F; Pini, S; Silli, P

    2002-07-01

    A 6 MV photon beam from Linac SL75-5 has been collimated with a new micromultileaf device that is able to shape the field in the two orthogonal directions with four banks of leaves. This is the first clinical installation of the collimator and in this paper the dosimetric characterization of the system is reported. The dosimetric parameters required by the treatment planning system used for the dose calculation in the patient are: tissue maximum ratios, output factors, transmission and leakage of the leaves, penumbra values. Ionization chambers, silicon diode, radiographic films, and LiF thermoluminescent dosimeters have been employed for measurements of absolute dose and beam dosimetric data. Measurements with different dosimeters supply results in reasonable agreement among them and consistent with data available in literature for other models of micromultileaf collimator; that permits the use of the measured parameters for clinical applications. The discrepancies between results obtained with the different detectors (around 2%) for the analyzed parameters can be considered an indication of the accuracy that can be reached by current stereotactic dosimetry.

  18. Assessment of dosimetric impact of system specific geometric distortion in an MRI only based radiotherapy workflow for prostate

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gustafsson, C.; Nordström, F.; Persson, E.; Brynolfsson, J.; Olsson, L. E.

    2017-04-01

    Dosimetric errors in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only radiotherapy workflow may be caused by system specific geometric distortion from MRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on planned dose distribution and delineated structures for prostate patients, originating from this distortion. A method was developed, in which computer tomography (CT) images were distorted using the MRI distortion field. The displacement map for an optimized MRI treatment planning sequence was measured using a dedicated phantom in a 3 T MRI system. To simulate the distortion aspects of a synthetic CT (electron density derived from MR images), the displacement map was applied to CT images, referred to as distorted CT images. A volumetric modulated arc prostate treatment plan was applied to the original CT and the distorted CT, creating a reference and a distorted CT dose distribution. By applying the inverse of the displacement map to the distorted CT dose distribution, a dose distribution in the same geometry as the original CT images was created. For 10 prostate cancer patients, the dose difference between the reference dose distribution and inverse distorted CT dose distribution was analyzed in isodose level bins. The mean magnitude of the geometric distortion was 1.97 mm for the radial distance of 200-250 mm from isocenter. The mean percentage dose differences for all isodose level bins, were  ⩽0.02% and the radiotherapy structure mean volume deviations were  <0.2%. The method developed can quantify the dosimetric effects of MRI system specific distortion in a prostate MRI only radiotherapy workflow, separated from dosimetric effects originating from synthetic CT generation. No clinically relevant dose difference or structure deformation was found when 3D distortion correction and high acquisition bandwidth was used. The method could be used for any MRI sequence together with any anatomy of interest.

  19. Assessment of dosimetric impact of system specific geometric distortion in an MRI only based radiotherapy workflow for prostate.

    PubMed

    Gustafsson, C; Nordström, F; Persson, E; Brynolfsson, J; Olsson, L E

    2017-04-21

    Dosimetric errors in a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) only radiotherapy workflow may be caused by system specific geometric distortion from MRI. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact on planned dose distribution and delineated structures for prostate patients, originating from this distortion. A method was developed, in which computer tomography (CT) images were distorted using the MRI distortion field. The displacement map for an optimized MRI treatment planning sequence was measured using a dedicated phantom in a 3 T MRI system. To simulate the distortion aspects of a synthetic CT (electron density derived from MR images), the displacement map was applied to CT images, referred to as distorted CT images. A volumetric modulated arc prostate treatment plan was applied to the original CT and the distorted CT, creating a reference and a distorted CT dose distribution. By applying the inverse of the displacement map to the distorted CT dose distribution, a dose distribution in the same geometry as the original CT images was created. For 10 prostate cancer patients, the dose difference between the reference dose distribution and inverse distorted CT dose distribution was analyzed in isodose level bins. The mean magnitude of the geometric distortion was 1.97 mm for the radial distance of 200-250 mm from isocenter. The mean percentage dose differences for all isodose level bins, were  ⩽0.02% and the radiotherapy structure mean volume deviations were  <0.2%. The method developed can quantify the dosimetric effects of MRI system specific distortion in a prostate MRI only radiotherapy workflow, separated from dosimetric effects originating from synthetic CT generation. No clinically relevant dose difference or structure deformation was found when 3D distortion correction and high acquisition bandwidth was used. The method could be used for any MRI sequence together with any anatomy of interest.

  20. Fair and Equitable Postal Service Access Act

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Moore, Gwen [D-WI-4

    2011-09-15

    House - 10/03/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service, and Labor Policy . (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  1. 39 CFR 762.27 - Processing of disbursement postal money orders by Federal Reserve Banks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., and its other depositors which guarantee all prior endorsements thereon; (2) Give immediate credit... DEBT OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS Endorsements...

  2. Effective atomic numbers and electron density of dosimetric material

    PubMed Central

    Kaginelli, S. B.; Rajeshwari, T.; Sharanabasappa; Kerur, B. R.; Kumar, Anil S.

    2009-01-01

    A novel method for determination of mass attenuation coefficient of x-rays employing NaI (Tl) detector system and radioactive sources is described.in this paper. A rigid geometry arrangement and gating of the spectrometer at FWHM position and selection of absorber foils are all done following detailed investigation, to minimize the effect of small angle scattering and multiple scattering on the mass attenuation coefficient, μ/ρ, value. Firstly, for standardization purposes the mass attenuation coefficients of elemental foils such as Aluminum, Copper, Molybdenum, Tantalum and Lead are measured and then, this method is utilized for dosimetric interested material (sulfates). The experimental mass attenuation coefficient values are compared with the theoretical values to find good agreement between the theory and experiment within one to two per cent. The effective atomic numbers of the biological substitute material are calculated by sum rule and from the graph. The electron density of dosimetric material is calculated using the effective atomic number. The study has discussed in detail the attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of dosimetric material/biological substitutes. PMID:20098566

  3. 75 FR 23824 - New Postal Products

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-05-04

    ... of Classification Change to Add Existing Shipping Charges to the Mail Classification Schedule for... Form 3202-X, October 2009). Id., Attachment A. The Postal Service states further its belief that the... MCS.\\2\\ Attachment B to the Notice shows the proposed changes to the Stamped Envelope MCS language in...

  4. 76 FR 36583 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-22

    ... Docket No. CP2010-36 serve as the baseline contract for future functional equivalence analyses of the... commitments, do not alter the contract's functional equivalency. Id. at 4. The Postal Service asserts that... offered or the fundamental structure of the contract. Therefore, it requests that the instant contract be...

  5. 75 FR 69715 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-15

    ... contract for future functional equivalence analyses of the GEPS 3 product. \\1\\ Notice of United States... GEPS contracts, a description of applicable GEPS contracts, formulas for prices, an analysis of the... information and volume commitments, do not alter the contracts' functional equivalency. Id. at 3-4. The Postal...

  6. 39 CFR Appendix A to Part 3002 - Postal Regulatory Commission, Mission Statement of the Office of the Consumer Advocate

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Postal Regulatory Commission, Mission Statement of the Office of the Consumer Advocate A Appendix A to Part 3002 Postal Service POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION PERSONNEL ORGANIZATION Pt. 3002, App. A Appendix A to Part 3002—Postal Regulatory Commission, Mission Statement of the Office of the Consumer...

  7. 75 FR 7951 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-02-23

    ... is adding Express Mail Contract 8 to the Competitive Product List. This action is consistent with a postal reform law. Republication of the Product Lists is also consistent with a statutory provision... seeks to add a new product identified as Express Mail Contract 8 to the Competitive Product List. For...

  8. 78 FR 79024 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-27

    ... Priority Mail Contract 33 by the most recent cell by cell increases/decreases in prices of general... annual adjustment of Table D, by adjusting the prices by the most recent cell by cell increases/decreases... consideration of matters raised by the Postal Service's Notice. 2. Kenneth R. Moeller, previously designated to...

  9. 78 FR 4478 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-22

    ... Equivalent Global Plus 2C Contract Negotiated Service Agreement and Application for Non-Public Treatment of... Equivalent Global Plus 2C Agreements, January 13, 2012. Customers for Global Plus 2C contracts are Postal... application for non-public treatment of material filed under seal. The material filed under seal consists of...

  10. Dosimetric effects of patient rotational setup errors on prostate IMRT treatments

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fu, Weihua; Yang, Yong; Li, Xiang; Heron, Dwight E.; Saiful Huq, M.; Yue, Ning J.

    2006-10-01

    The purpose of this work is to determine dose delivery errors that could result from systematic rotational setup errors (ΔΦ) for prostate cancer patients treated with three-phase sequential boost IMRT. In order to implement this, different rotational setup errors around three Cartesian axes were simulated for five prostate patients and dosimetric indices, such as dose-volume histogram (DVH), tumour control probability (TCP), normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) and equivalent uniform dose (EUD), were employed to evaluate the corresponding dosimetric influences. Rotational setup errors were simulated by adjusting the gantry, collimator and horizontal couch angles of treatment beams and the dosimetric effects were evaluated by recomputing the dose distributions in the treatment planning system. Our results indicated that, for prostate cancer treatment with the three-phase sequential boost IMRT technique, the rotational setup errors do not have significant dosimetric impacts on the cumulative plan. Even in the worst-case scenario with ΔΦ = 3°, the prostate EUD varied within 1.5% and TCP decreased about 1%. For seminal vesicle, slightly larger influences were observed. However, EUD and TCP changes were still within 2%. The influence on sensitive structures, such as rectum and bladder, is also negligible. This study demonstrates that the rotational setup error degrades the dosimetric coverage of target volume in prostate cancer treatment to a certain degree. However, the degradation was not significant for the three-phase sequential boost prostate IMRT technique and for the margin sizes used in our institution.

  11. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT - U.S. POSTAL SERVICE MATERIALS DISTRIBUTION CENTER, TOPEKA, KANSAS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Postal Service (USPS) in cooperation with EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is engaged in an effort to integrate Waste prevention and recycling activities into the waste management programs at Postal facilities. In this report, the findi...

  12. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT - U.S. POSTAL SERVICE POST OFFICES, PITTSBURGH, PA AREA

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Postal Service (USPS) in cooperation with EPA’s National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is engaged in an effort to integrate waste prevention and recycling activities into the waste management programs at Postal facilities. This report describ...

  13. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT - U.S. POSTAL SERVICE BULK MAIL CENTER, DALLAS, TEXAS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Postal Service (USPS) in cooperation with EPA’s National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is engaged in an effort to integrate waste prevention and recycling activities into the waste management programs at Postal facilities. This report describ...

  14. 39 CFR 221.7 - Postal Service emblem.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Service emblem. The Postal Service emblem, which is identical with the seal, is registered as a trademark... must bear one of the following notations: “Reg. U.S. Pat. Off.”, “Registered in U.S. Patent Office”, or...

  15. 75 FR 79053 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ... POSTAL REGULATORY COMMISSION [Docket Nos. MC2011-7, CP2011-39 and CP2011-40; Order No. 607] New... Service seeks to add Global Plus 1B as a new product, to the competitive product list.\\1\\ The Request has... instant contracts be considered ``the new `baseline' contracts for future functional equivalency analyses...

  16. 75 FR 53353 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-08-31

    ... Agreement governs rates for Inbound Air Parcel Post (Air CP), Surface Parcel Post (Surface CP) and Express... CP and EMS, as well as ancillary services. Id. at 3. The Postal Service asserts that this product.... 43 that Surface CP at Non-UPU Rates, EMS and Air CP be considered competitive products. Id. The...

  17. 78 FR 79024 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-12-27

    ... Mail Express Contract 11 by the most recent cell by cell increases/decreases in prices of general... modifies the annual adjustment of Table B, by adjusting the prices by the most recent cell by cell... No. CP2011-50 for consideration of matters raised by the Postal Service's Notice. 2. Lawrence Fenster...

  18. 78 FR 35650 - New Postal Product

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-06-13

    ... inbound portion of the Agreement, which concerns delivery of inbound Air and Surface CP \\2\\ and EMS in the... Foreign Postal Operator (Deutsche Post), June 6, 2013 (Notice). \\2\\ ``CP'' is an abbreviation used to... intended effective date is July 1, 2013. Id. at 2. The rates for inbound Air and Surface CP and EMS...

  19. Electronic mail was not better than postal mail for surveying residents and faculty.

    PubMed

    Akl, Elie A; Maroun, Nancy; Klocke, Robert A; Montori, Victor; Schünemann, Holger J

    2005-04-01

    To compare response rate, time to response, and data quality of electronic and postal surveys in the setting of postgraduate medical education. A randomized controlled trial in a university-based internal medicine residency program. We randomized 119 residents and 83 faculty to an electronic versus a postal survey with up to two reminders and measured response rate, time to response, and data quality. For residents, the e-survey resulted in a lower response rate than the postal survey (63.3% versus 79.7%; difference -16.3%, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) -32.3% to -0.4%%; P=.049), but a shorter mean response time, by 3.8 days (95% CI 0.2-7.4; P=.042). For faculty, the e-survey did not result in a significantly lower response rate than the postal survey (85.4% vs. 81.0%; difference 4.4%, 95% CI -11.7 to 20.5%; P=.591), but resulted in a shorter average response time, by 8.4 days (95% CI 4.4 to 12.4; P < 0.001). There were no differences in the quality of data or responses to the survey between the two methods. E-surveys were not superior to postal surveys in terms of response rate, but resulted in shorter time to response and equivalent data quality.

  20. 76 FR 13242 - Change in Postal Prices

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-03-10

    [email protected] (electronic filing assistance). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Introduction II. Notice of Filings III. Ordering Paragraphs I. Introduction On March 1, 2011, the Commission... Postal Service-branded parcel box designed to contain product samples and other advertising material from...

  1. Human respiratory tract model for radiological protection: a revision of the ICRP Dosimetric Model for the Respiratory System.

    PubMed

    Bair, W J

    1989-01-01

    In 1984, the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) appointed a task group of Committee 2 to review and revise, as necessary, the ICRP Dosimetric Model for the Respiratory System. The model was originally published in 1966, modified slightly in Publication No. 19, and again in Publication No. 30 (in 1979). The task group concluded that research during the past 20 y suggested certain deficiencies in the ICRP Dosimetric Model for the Respiratory System. Research has also provided sufficient information for a revision of the model. The task group's approach has been to review, in depth, morphology and physiology of the respiratory tract; deposition of inhaled particles in the respiratory tract; clearance of deposited materials; and the nature and specific sites of damage to the respiratory tract caused by inhaled radioactive substances. This review has led to a redefinition of the regions of the respiratory tract for dosimetric purposes. The redefinition has a morphologic and physiological basis and is consistent with observed deposition and clearance of particles and with resultant pathology. Regions, as revised, are the extrathoracic (E-T) region, comprising the nasal and oral regions, the pharynx, larynx, and upper part of the trachea; the fast-clearing thoracic region (T[f]), comprising the remainder of the trachea and bronchi; and the slow-clearing thoracic region (T[s]), comprising the bronchioles, alveoli, and thoracic lymph nodes. A task group report will include models for calculating radiation doses to these regions of the respiratory tract following inhalation of representative alpha-, beta-, and gamma-emitting particulate and gaseous radionuclides. The models may be implemented as a package of computer codes available to a wide range of users. This should facilitate application of the revised human respiratory tract model to worldwide radiation protection needs.

  2. 37 CFR 201.8 - Disruption of postal or other transportation or communication services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Disruption of postal or other... OFFICE, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS COPYRIGHT OFFICE AND PROCEDURES GENERAL PROVISIONS § 201.8 Disruption of... Register has determined that there is or has been a general disruption or suspension of postal or other...

  3. 77 FR 39747 - Changes in Postal Rates

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-05

    ... with the Commission of a proposal characterized as a minor classification change under 39 CFR parts 3090 and 3091, along with a conforming revision to the Mail Classification Schedule (MCS).\\1\\ The... Flat Rate Envelope options. \\1\\ Notice of United States Postal Service of Classification Changes, June...

  4. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT - U.S. POSTAL SERVICE STAMP DISTRIBUTION NETWORK, KANSAS CITY, MISSOURI

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Postal Service (USPS) in cooperation with EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is engaged in an effort to integrate Waste prevention and recycling activities into the waste management programs at Postal facilities. In this report, the findi...

  5. Sun safety knowledge and practice in UK postal delivery workers.

    PubMed

    Houdmont, J; Davis, S; Griffiths, A

    2016-06-01

    Postal delivery workers spend a large proportion of their work time outdoors, placing them at increased risk of skin cancer. To date, no studies have examined occupational sun safety knowledge and practice within this group in the UK. To describe the occupational sun safety knowledge and practice of UK postal delivery workers and to investigate the association of demographic, personal and occupational factors with knowledge and practice in order to identify potential strategies for improving sun safety in this occupational group. Postal delivery workers completed a questionnaire that collected data on occupational sun safety knowledge and practice in addition to demographic, personal and workplace characteristics. One-way analysis of variances were applied to assess differences in knowledge and practice by these characteristics. A total of 1153 postal delivery workers completed the questionnaire, a 60% response rate. Thirty-three per cent reported receiving sun safety training within the previous 12 months. The majority of respondents reported correct knowledge on three of the six domains and good practice on four of the six behavioural domains. However, only one-fifth of respondents reported wearing sunglasses and ensuring a plentiful intake of water. Knowledge and practice differed significantly according to demographic, personal and workplace characteristics. There is a need to raise the profile of occupational skin cancer in this occupational group and to increase the priority given to occupational sun safety policies alongside targeted and tailored interventions, the effect of which can be evaluated. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Occupational Medicine.

  6. CURRENT STATUS OF INDIVIDUAL DOSIMETRIC MONITORING IN UKRAINE.

    PubMed

    Chumak, V; Deniachenko, N; Makarovska, O; Mihailescu, L-C; Prykhodko, A; Voloskyi, V; Vanhavere, F

    2016-09-01

    About 50 000 workers are being occupationally exposed to radiation in Ukraine. Individual dosimetric monitoring (IDM) is provided by 77 dosimetry services and laboratories of very different scale with a number of monitored workers ranging from several persons to ∼9000. In the present work, the current status of personal dosimetry in Ukraine was studied. The First National Intercomparison (FNI) of the IDM labs was accompanied by a survey of the laboratory operation in terms of coverage, types of dosimetry provided, instrumentation and methodologies used, metrological support, data recording, etc. Totally, 34 laboratories responded to the FNI call, and 18 services with 19 different personal dosimetry systems took part in the intercomparison exercise providing 24 dosimeters each for blind irradiation to photons of 6 different qualities (ISO N-series X-rays, S-Cs and S-Co sources) in a dose range of 5-60 mSv. Performance of the dosimetry labs was evaluated according to ISO 14146 criteria of matching trumpet curves with H0 = 0.2 mSv. The test revealed that 8 of the 19 systems meet ISO 14146 criteria in full, 5 other labs show marginal performance and 6 laboratories demonstrated catastrophic quality of dosimetric results. Altogether, 18 participating labs provide dosimetric monitoring to 37 477 workers (about three-fourths of all occupationally exposed workers), usually on monthly (nuclear industry) or quarterly (rest of applications) basis. Of this number, 20 664 persons (55 %) receive completely adequate individual monitoring, and the number of personnel receiving IDM of inadequate quality counts 3054 persons. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  7. 28 CFR 540.22 - Special postal services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 540.22 Judicial Administration BUREAU OF PRISONS, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE INSTITUTIONAL MANAGEMENT...) In the event of loss or damage, any claim relative to this matter is made to the U.S. Postal Service... example, hobbycraft articles mailed out of the institution). Official mail is not insured. If such an item...

  8. 75 FR 166 - Postal Product Price Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-04

    ... Notice includes three attachments: (1) A redacted version of the letter to the customer with the amended... of contracts are based on objective, external factors and out of the Postal Service's discretion.\\2\\ Such objective, external factors are, in the case of the Global Direct contract filed in Docket No...

  9. Prevention of Transfusion-Associated Graft-versus-Host Disease by Irradiation: Technical Aspect of a New Ferrous Sulphate Dosimetric System

    PubMed Central

    Del Lama, Lucas Sacchini; de Góes, Evamberto Garcia; Petchevist, Paulo César Dias; Moretto, Edson Lara; Borges, José Carlos; Covas, Dimas Tadeu; de Almeida, Adelaide

    2013-01-01

    Irradiation of whole blood and blood components before transfusion is currently the only accepted method to prevent Transfusion-Associated Graft-Versus-Host-Disease (TA-GVHD). However, choosing the appropriate technique to determine the dosimetric parameters associated with blood irradiation remains an issue. We propose a dosimetric system based on the standard Fricke Xylenol Gel (FXG) dosimeter and an appropriate phantom. The modified dosimeter was previously calibrated using a 60Co teletherapy unit and its validation was accomplished with a 137Cs blood irradiator. An ionization chamber, standard FXG, radiochromic film and thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used as reference dosimeters to determine the dose response and dose rate of the 60Co unit. The dose distributions in a blood irradiator were determined with the modified FXG, the radiochromic film, and measurements by TLD dosimeters. A linear response for absorbed doses up to 54 Gy was obtained with our system. Additionally, the dose rate uncertainties carried out with gel dosimetry were lower than 5% and differences lower than 4% were noted when the absorbed dose responses were compared with ionization chamber, film and TLDs. PMID:23762345

  10. 78 FR 22490 - Administrative Practice and Procedure; Postal Service; Review of Price Cap Rules

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-16

    ...] Administrative Practice and Procedure; Postal Service; Review of Price Cap Rules AGENCY: Postal Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The Commission is initiating a review of its Price Cap Rules. The... implemented without a price cap calculation. Docket No. R2011-5, Order Approving Market Dominant Price...

  11. An appraisal of the utility or futility of ENT consultant postal questionnaires.

    PubMed

    Ryan, Stephen; Saunders, J; Clarke, E; Fenton, J E

    2013-03-01

    Despite an increase in ENT postal questionnaires, the quality of their methodology has been questioned (Ramphul et al. in J Laryngol Otol 119:175-178, 1). This retrospective study examined whether quality and utility of such questionnaires published since 2005 has improved. Seventeen consultant postal questionnaires published between 2005 and 2012 were reviewed. Quality of questionnaires was assessed using a 30-point score based on compliance with 15 criteria previously established to evaluate postal questionnaire study-design (Ramphul et al. in J Laryngol Otol 119:175-178, 1). Citation rates were used as an indicator of utility. The specific comments made in each citing paper was reviewed providing information on whether questionnaire findings (a) had an impact on clinical practice, (b) were the citing comments positive, (c) negative or (d) non-specific. Recurrent methodological flaws were identified in all questionnaires. The average score assigned was 44 %, versus 32 % previously reported (Ramphul et al. in J Laryngol Otol 119:175-178, 1) (P < 0.01, Student's t test). The low citation rate demonstrates poor utility for postal questionnaires. Citations were general non-specific referencing with no clear indication that questionnaire findings positively impacted clinical practice. In conclusion, although the quality of ENT postal questionnaire has improved since the original study (Ramphul et al. in J Laryngol Otol 119:175-178, 1), important recurring methodological flaws still exist. The poor utility, based on low citation rates, also reflects the continued deficiencies in design quality. It is recommended that authors of questionnaire-based research should ensure that guidelines for questionnaire design are adhered in order to improve the validity of findings and hence impact on clinical practice.

  12. 75 FR 78915 - Conduct on Postal Property

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-12-17

    ... revisions to the COPP regulations set forth in 39 CFR 232.1. 1. Paragraph (f) Gambling: The prohibition of...) are revised to read as follows: Sec. 232.1 Conduct on postal property. * * * * * (f) Gambling. Participating in games for money or other personal property, the operation of gambling devices, the conduct of a...

  13. 75 FR 166 - Postal Product Price Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-04

    ... Notice includes three attachments: (1) A redacted version of the letter to the customer with the amended... contracts are based on objective, external factors and out of the Postal Service's discretion.\\2\\ Such objective, external factors are, in the case of the Global Direct contract filed in Docket No. CP2009-29...

  14. Social surveys in HIV/AIDS: telling or writing? A comparison of interview and postal methods.

    PubMed

    McEwan, R T; Harrington, B E; Bhopal, R S; Madhok, R; McCallum, A

    1992-06-01

    We compare a probability sample postal questionnaire survey and a quota controlled interview survey, and review the literature on these subjects. In contrast to other studies, where quota samples were not representative because of biased selection of respondents by interviewers, our quota sample was representative. Response rates were similar in our postal and interview surveys (74 and 77%, respectively), although many previous similar postal surveys had poor response rates. As in other comparison studies, costs were higher in our interview survey, substantive responses and the quality of responses to closed-ended questions were similar, and responses to open-ended questions were better in the interview survey. 'Socially unacceptable' responses on sexual behaviour were less likely in interviews. Quota controlled surveys are appropriate in surveys on HIV/AIDS under certain circumstances, e.g. where the population parameters are well known, and where interviewers can gain access to the entire population. Postal questionnaires are better for obtaining information on sexual behaviour, if adequate steps are taken to improve response rates, and when in-depth answers are not needed. For most surveys in the HIV/AIDS field we recommend the postal method.

  15. Dosimetric evaluation of Plastic Water Diagnostic-Therapy.

    PubMed

    Ramaseshan, Ramani; Kohli, Kirpal; Cao, Fred; Heaton, Robert K

    2008-04-29

    High-precision radiotherapy planning and quality assurance require accurate dosimetric and geometric phantom measurements. Phantom design requires materials with mechanical strength and resilience, and dosimetric properties close to those of water over diagnostic and therapeutic ranges. Plastic Water Diagnostic Therapy (PWDT: CIRS, Norfolk, VA) is a phantom material designed for water equivalence in photon beams from 0.04 MeV to 100 MeV; the material has also good mechanical properties. The present article reports the results of computed tomography (CT) imaging and dosimetric studies of PWDT to evaluate the suitability of the material in CT and therapy energy ranges. We characterized the water equivalence of PWDT in a series of experiments in which the basic dosimetric properties of the material were determined for photon energies of 80 kVp, 100 kVp, 250 kVp, 4 MV, 6 MV, 10 MV, and 18 MV. Measured properties included the buildup and percentage depth dose curves for several field sizes, and relative dose factors as a function of field size. In addition, the PWDT phantom underwent CT imaging at beam qualities ranging from 80 kVp to 140 kVp to determine the water equivalence of the phantom in the diagnostic energy range. The dosimetric quantities measured with PWDT agreed within 1.5% of those determined in water and Solid Water (Gammex rmi, Middleton, WI). Computed tomography imaging of the phantom was found to generate Hounsfield numbers within 0.8% of those generated using water. The results suggest that PWDT material is suitable both for regular radiotherapy quality assurance measurements and for intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) verification work. Sample IMRT verification results are presented.

  16. Hot pixel generation in active pixel sensors: dosimetric and micro-dosimetric response

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Scheick, Leif; Novak, Frank

    2003-01-01

    The dosimetric response of an active pixel sensor is analyzed. heavy ions are seen to damage the pixel in much the same way as gamma radiation. The probability of a hot pixel is seen to exhibit behavior that is not typical with other microdose effects.

  17. 39 CFR 222.1 - Authority to administer postal affairs.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., or in any other Postal Service employee. (b) Corporate officers. Corporate officers are authorized to... matters within their areas of responsibility, except as limited by law or by the specific terms of their...

  18. Detection of rain events in radiological early warning networks with spectro-dosimetric systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Dąbrowski, R.; Dombrowski, H.; Kessler, P.; Röttger, A.; Neumaier, S.

    2017-10-01

    Short-term pronounced increases of the ambient dose equivalent rate, due to rainfall are a well-known phenomenon. Increases in the same order of magnitude or even below may also be caused by a nuclear or radiological event, i.e. by artificial radiation. Hence, it is important to be able to identify natural rain events in dosimetric early warning networks and to distinguish them from radiological events. Novel spectrometric systems based on scintillators may be used to differentiate between the two scenarios, because the measured gamma spectra provide significant nuclide-specific information. This paper describes three simple, automatic methods to check whether an dot H*(10) increase is caused by a rain event or by artificial radiation. These methods were applied to measurements of three spectrometric systems based on CeBr3, LaBr3 and SrI2 scintillation crystals, investigated and tested for their practicability at a free-field reference site of PTB.

  19. 77 FR 64148 - Postal Rate and Classification Changes

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-10-18

    ... of free tracking. Priority Mail Flat Rate Box prices change to the following: Small ($5.80), Medium.... Several international ancillary services and paper money orders receive price increases. Certificates of.... International Return Receipt also receives price increases, and International Postal Money Order prices increase...

  20. 39 CFR 762.42 - Request for substitute disbursement postal money orders; requirements for undertaking of indemnity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... the following classes of cases: (1) If the Postal Service is satisfied that the loss, theft... Service is satisfied as to the identity of the Disbursement Postal Money Order presented and that any...

  1. 39 CFR 762.42 - Request for substitute disbursement postal money orders; requirements for undertaking of indemnity.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... the following classes of cases: (1) If the Postal Service is satisfied that the loss, theft... Service is satisfied as to the identity of the Disbursement Postal Money Order presented and that any...

  2. 75 FR 31702 - General Information on Postal Service

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-04

    ..., of the Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service, Domestic Mail Manual (DMM), and its... Dobbins (202) 268-3789. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The most recent Issue 300 of the Domestic Mail Manual... standards. This issue continues to (1) increase the user's ability to find information, (2) increase...

  3. [Work-related disability among postal employees: incidence, duration, and social security costs in 2008].

    PubMed

    Mascarenhas, Flávia Alves Neves; Barbosa-Branco, Anadergh

    2014-06-01

    This study analyzed the characteristics of Brazilian postal workers that received sick leave benefits in 2008. The databases were from the Unified Benefits System (SUB) and the National Registry of Social Information (CNIS). The incidence rate was 556.5 benefits per 10,000 employees, and the leading causes of work-related sick leave were injuries, musculoskeletal disorders, and mental disorders. Areas most frequently reported in injuries were knees and legs, wrists and hands, ankles and feet, and shoulders and arms, with higher incidence rates in men. Women were more affected by musculoskeletal disorders and mental disorders. Average sick leave lasted longer in men, and the incidence of benefits increased with age. The States with the highest incidence rates were Mato Grosso do Sul, Goiás, and Santa Catarina, and security benefits averaged BRL 1,847.00. Postal work may involve additional risk of injuries to the limbs, due to the long distances carrying heavy weight, assault, and dog bites.

  4. 75 FR 17789 - Nationwide Change in Frequency of Postal Delivery

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-07

    .... The Postal Service also describes the quantitative research it employed utilizing surveys. Id. at 12... provides an overview of the market research activities it conducted to gauge consumer and business impact...

  5. 39 CFR 232.1 - Conduct on postal property.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... G 2c.) (g) Alcoholic beverages, drugs, and smoking. (1) A person under the influence of an alcoholic... in section 802 of title 21 U.S.C. (2) Smoking (defined as having a lighted cigar, cigarette, pipe, or other smoking material) is prohibited in all postal buildings and office space, including public lobbies...

  6. Interviews or postal questionnaires? Comparisons of data about women's experiences with maternity services.

    PubMed

    Cartwright, A

    1988-01-01

    Surveys by personal interview are often assumed to be superior to those conducted by mail questionnaire. An experimental study of experiences and attitudes of 800 newly delivered mothers revealed surprising advantages to postal surveys: they are cheaper, more easily repeatable, and minimize interviewer effects. While response rates differed, the quality of responses was similar, except between middle- and working-class mothers. Postal surveys can be used with considerable assurance in national studies of fairly intimate experiences of pregnancy and delivery.

  7. Typing Postal Cards. Student's Manual and Instructor's Manual.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Snapp, Jane

    Supporting performance objective 85 of the V-TECS (Vocational-Technical Education Consortium of States) Secretarial Catalog, both a set of student materials and an instructor's manual on typing postal cards are included in this packet. (The packet is the seventh in a set of fifteen on typewriting--CE 016 920-934.) The student materials include a…

  8. Reform the Postal Service for the 21st Century Act

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Connolly, Gerald E. [D-VA-11

    2011-03-30

    House - 04/01/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service, and Labor Policy. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  9. 77 FR 20656 - Postal Service Classification and Price Adjustments

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-05

    ... noticing a recently-filed Postal Service notice announcing its intent to implement Picture Permit Imprint... implement Picture Permit Imprint Indicia as price categories for First-Class Mail and Standard Mail letters... Dominant Classification and Price Changes for Picture Permit Imprint Indicia, March 28, 2012 (Notice). II...

  10. Dosimetric properties of radiophotoluminescent glass detector in low-energy photon beams.

    PubMed

    Kadoya, Noriyuki; Shimomura, Kouhei; Kitou, Satoshi; Shiota, Yasuo; Fujita, Yukio; Dobashi, Suguru; Takeda, Ken; Jingu, Keiichi; Matsushita, Haruo; Namito, Yoshihito; Ban, Syuichi; Koyama, Syuji; Tabushi, Katsuyoshi

    2012-10-01

    A radiophotoluminescent glass rod dosimeter (RGD) has recently become commercially available. It is being increasingly used for dosimetry in radiotherapy to measure the absorbed dose including scattered low-energy photons on the body surface of a patient and for postal dosimetry audit. In this article, the dosimetric properties of the RGD, including energy dependence of the dose response, reproducibly, variation in data obtained by the RGD for each energy, and angular dependence in low-energy photons, are discussed. An RGD (GD-301, Asahi Techno Glass Corporation, Shizuoka, Japan) was irradiated with monochromatic low-energy photon beams generated by synchrotron radiation at Photon Factory, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization (KEK). The size of GD-301 was 1.5 mm in diameter and 8.5 mm in length and the active dose readout volume being 1 mm diameter and 0.6 mm depth located 0.7 mm from the end of the detector. The energy dependence of the dose response and reproducibility and variation were investigated for RGDs irradiated with a plastic holder and those irradiated without the plastic holder. Response of the RGD was obtained by not only conventional single field irradiation but also bilateral irradiation. Angular dependence of the RGD was measured in the range of 0°-90° for 13, 17, 40, and 80 keV photon beams by conventional single field irradiation. The dose responses had a peak at around 40 keV. For the energy range of less than 25 keV, all dose response curves steeply decreased in comparison with the ratio of mass energy absorption coefficient of the RGD to that of air. As for the reproducibility and variation in data obtained by the RGD, the coefficient of variance increased with decrease in photon energy. Furthermore, the variation for bilateral irradiation was less than that for single field irradiation. Regarding angular dependence of the RGD, for energies of 13 and 17 keV, the response decreased with increase in the irradiation angle, and the

  11. A Novel Simple Phantom for Verifying the Dose of Radiation Therapy

    PubMed Central

    Lee, J. H.; Chang, L. T.; Shiau, A. C.; Chen, C. W.; Liao, Y. J.; Li, W. J.; Lee, M. S.; Hsu, S. M.

    2015-01-01

    A standard protocol of dosimetric measurements is used by the organizations responsible for verifying that the doses delivered in radiation-therapy institutions are within authorized limits. This study evaluated a self-designed simple auditing phantom for use in verifying the dose of radiation therapy; the phantom design, dose audit system, and clinical tests are described. Thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) were used as postal dosimeters, and mailable phantoms were produced for use in postal audits. Correction factors are important for converting TLD readout values from phantoms into the absorbed dose in water. The phantom scatter correction factor was used to quantify the difference in the scattered dose between a solid water phantom and homemade phantoms; its value ranged from 1.084 to 1.031. The energy-dependence correction factor was used to compare the TLD readout of the unit dose irradiated by audit beam energies with 60Co in the solid water phantom; its value was 0.99 to 1.01. The setup-condition factor was used to correct for differences in dose-output calibration conditions. Clinical tests of the device calibrating the dose output revealed that the dose deviation was within 3%. Therefore, our homemade phantoms and dosimetric system can be applied for accurately verifying the doses applied in radiation-therapy institutions. PMID:25883980

  12. Gamma dosimetric parameters in some skeletal muscle relaxants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Manjunatha, H. C.

    2017-09-01

    We have studied the attenuation of gamma radiation of energy ranging from 84 keV to 1330 keV (^{170}Tm, ^{22}Na,^{137}Cs, and ^{60}Co) in some commonly used skeletal muscle relaxants such as tubocurarine chloride, gallamine triethiodide, pancuronium bromide, suxamethonium bromide and mephenesin. The mass attenuation coefficient is measured from the attenuation experiment. In the present work, we have also proposed the direct relation between mass attenuation coefficient (μ /ρ ) and mass energy absorption coefficient (μ _{en}/ρ ) based on the nonlinear fitting procedure. The gamma dosimetric parameters such as mass energy absorption coefficient (μ _{en}/ρ ), effective atomic number (Z_{eff}), effective electron density (N_{el}), specific γ-ray constant, air kerma strength and dose rate are evaluated from the measured mass attentuation coefficient. These measured gamma dosimetric parameters are compared with the theoretical values. The measured values agree with the theoretical values. The studied gamma dosimetric values for the relaxants are useful in medical physics and radiation medicine.

  13. 77 FR 35432 - Privacy Act of 1974, Computer Matching Program: United States Postal Service and the Defense...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-06-13

    ... the Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of Defense AGENCY: Postal Service TM . ACTION: Notice of Computer Matching Program--United States Postal Service and the Defense Manpower Data Center, Department of... as the recipient agency in a computer matching program with the Defense Manpower Data Center (DMDC...

  14. SU-E-T-651: Quantification of Dosimetric Accuracy of Respiratory Gated Stereotactic Body Radiation Therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Thiyagarajan, Rajesh; Vikraman, S; Maragathaveni, S

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: To quantify the dosimetric accuracy of respiratory gated stereotactic body radiation therapy delivery using dynamic thorax phantom. Methods: Three patients with mobile target (2 lung, 1liver) were chosen. Retrospective 4DCT image sets were acquired for using Varian RPM system. An in-house MATLAB program was designed for MIP, MinIP and AvgIP generation. ITV was contoured on MIP image set for lung patients and on MinIP for liver patient. Dynamic IMRT plans were generated on selected phase bin image set in Eclipse (v10.0) planning system. CIRS dynamic thorax phantom was used to perform the dosimetric quality assurance. Patient breathing pattern filemore » from RPM system was converted to phantom compatible file by an in-house MATLAB program. This respiratory pattern fed to the CIRS dynamic thorax phantom. 4DCT image set was acquired for this phantom using patient breathing pattern. Verification plans were generated using patient gating window and delivered on the phantom. Measurements were carried out using with ion chamber and EBT2 film. Exposed films were analyzed and evaluated in FilmQA software. Results: The stability of gated output in comparison with un-gated output was within 0.5%. The Ion chamber measured and TPS calculated dose compared for all the patients. The difference observed was 0.45%, −0.52% and −0.54 for Patient 1, Patient2 and Patient 3 respectively.Gamma value evaluated from EBT film shows pass rates from 92.41% to 99.93% for 3% dose difference and 3mm distance to agreement criteria. Conclusion: Dosimetric accuracy of respiratory gated SBRT delivery for lung and liver was dosimetrically acceptable. The Ion chamber measured dose was within 0.203±0.5659% of the expected dose. Gamma pass rates were within 96.63±3.84% of the expected dose.« less

  15. Application of a radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter to nonreference condition dosimetry in the postal dose audit system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mizuno, Hideyuki, E-mail: h-mizuno@nirs.go.jp; Fukumura, Akifumi; Fukahori, Mai

    Purpose: The purpose of this study was to obtain a set of correction factors of the radiophotoluminescent glass dosimeter (RGD) output for field size changes and wedge insertions. Methods: Several linear accelerators were used for irradiation of the RGDs. The field sizes were changed from 5 × 5 cm to 25 × 25 cm for 4, 6, 10, and 15 MV x-ray beams. The wedge angles were 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°. In addition to physical wedge irradiation, nonphysical (dynamic/virtual) wedge irradiations were performed. Results: The obtained data were fitted with a single line for each energy, and correction factorsmore » were determined. Compared with ionization chamber outputs, the RGD outputs gradually increased with increasing field size, because of the higher RGD response to scattered low-energy photons. The output increase was about 1% per 10 cm increase in field size, with a slight difference dependent on the beam energy. For both physical and nonphysical wedged beam irradiation, there were no systematic trends in the RGD outputs, such as monotonic increase or decrease depending on the wedge angle change if the authors consider the uncertainty, which is approximately 0.6% for each set of measured points. Therefore, no correction factor was needed for all inserted wedges. Based on this work, postal dose audits using RGDs for the nonreference condition were initiated in 2010. The postal dose audit results between 2010 and 2012 were analyzed. The mean difference between the measured and stated doses was within 0.5% for all fields with field sizes between 5 × 5 cm and 25 × 25 cm and with wedge angles from 15° to 60°. The standard deviations (SDs) of the difference distribution were within the estimated uncertainty (1SD) except for the 25 × 25 cm field size data, which were not reliable because of poor statistics (n = 16). Conclusions: A set of RGD output correction factors was determined for field size changes and wedge insertions. The results obtained from recent postal

  16. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT - U.S. POSTAL INSPECTION SERVICE FORENSIC & TECHNICAL SERVICES DIVISION - NATIONAL FORENSIC LABORATORY, DULLES, VIRGINIA

    EPA Science Inventory

    The United States Postal Service (USPS) in cooperation with EPA's National Risk Management Research Laboratory (NRMRL) is engaged in an effort to integrate waste prevention and recycling activities into the waste management programs at Postal facilities. This report describes the...

  17. Effect of photon energy spectrum on dosimetric parameters of brachytherapy sources.

    PubMed

    Ghorbani, Mahdi; Mehrpouyan, Mohammad; Davenport, David; Ahmadi Moghaddas, Toktam

    2016-06-01

    The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of the photon energy spectrum of brachytherapy sources on task group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetric parameters. Different photon spectra are used for a specific radionuclide in Monte Carlo simulations of brachytherapy sources. MCNPX code was used to simulate 125I, 103Pd, 169Yb, and 192Ir brachytherapy sources. Air kerma strength per activity, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and two dimensional (2D) anisotropy functions were calculated and isodose curves were plotted for three different photon energy spectra. The references for photon energy spectra were: published papers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). The data calculated by these photon energy spectra were compared. Dose rate constant values showed a maximum difference of 24.07% for 103Pd source with different photon energy spectra. Radial dose function values based on different spectra were relatively the same. 2D anisotropy function values showed minor differences in most of distances and angles. There was not any detectable difference between the isodose contours. Dosimetric parameters obtained with different photon spectra were relatively the same, however it is suggested that more accurate and updated photon energy spectra be used in Monte Carlo simulations. This would allow for calculation of reliable dosimetric data for source modeling and calculation in brachytherapy treatment planning systems.

  18. Dosimetric measurements of an n-butyl cyanoacrylate embolization material for arteriovenous malformations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Labby, Zacariah E., E-mail: zelabby@humonc.wisc.edu; Chaudhary, Neeraj; Gemmete, Joseph J.

    2015-04-15

    Purpose: The therapeutic regimen for cranial arteriovenous malformations often involves both stereotactic radiosurgery and endovascular embolization. Embolization agents may contain tantalum or other contrast agents to assist the neurointerventionalists, leading to concerns regarding the dosimetric effects of these agents. This study investigated dosimetric properties of n-butyl cyanoacrylate (n-BCA) plus lipiodol with and without tantalum powder. Methods: The embolization agents were provided cured from the manufacturer with and without added tantalum. Attenuation measurements were made for the samples and compared to the attenuation of a solid water substitute using a 6 MV photon beam. Effective linear attenuation coefficients (ELAC) were derivedmore » from attenuation measurements made using a portal imager and derived sample thickness maps projected in an identical geometry. Probable dosimetric errors for calculations in which the embolized regions are overridden with the properties of water were calculated using the ELAC values. Interface effects were investigated using a parallel plate ion chamber placed at set distances below fixed samples. Finally, Hounsfield units (HU) were measured using a stereotactic radiosurgery CT protocol, and more appropriate HU values were derived from the ELAC results and the CT scanner’s HU calibration curve. Results: The ELAC was 0.0516 ± 0.0063 cm{sup −1} and 0.0580 ± 0.0091 cm{sup −1} for n-BCA without and with tantalum, respectively, compared to 0.0487 ± 0.0009 cm{sup −1} for the water substitute. Dose calculations with the embolized region set to be water equivalent in the treatment planning system would result in errors of −0.29% and −0.93% per cm thickness of n-BCA without and with tantalum, respectively. Interface effects compared to water were small in magnitude and limited in distance for both embolization materials. CT values at 120 kVp were 2082 and 2358 HU for n-BCA without and with tantalum

  19. Agreement Between Institutional Measurements and Treatment Planning System Calculations for Basic Dosimetric Parameters as Measured by the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core-Houston

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kerns, James R.; Followill, David S.; Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core-Houston, The University of Texas Health Science Center-Houston, Houston, Texas

    Purpose: To compare radiation machine measurement data collected by the Imaging and Radiation Oncology Core at Houston (IROC-H) with institutional treatment planning system (TPS) values, to identify parameters with large differences in agreement; the findings will help institutions focus their efforts to improve the accuracy of their TPS models. Methods and Materials: Between 2000 and 2014, IROC-H visited more than 250 institutions and conducted independent measurements of machine dosimetric data points, including percentage depth dose, output factors, off-axis factors, multileaf collimator small fields, and wedge data. We compared these data with the institutional TPS values for the same points bymore » energy, class, and parameter to identify differences and similarities using criteria involving both the medians and standard deviations for Varian linear accelerators. Distributions of differences between machine measurements and institutional TPS values were generated for basic dosimetric parameters. Results: On average, intensity modulated radiation therapy–style and stereotactic body radiation therapy–style output factors and upper physical wedge output factors were the most problematic. Percentage depth dose, jaw output factors, and enhanced dynamic wedge output factors agreed best between the IROC-H measurements and the TPS values. Although small differences were shown between 2 common TPS systems, neither was superior to the other. Parameter agreement was constant over time from 2000 to 2014. Conclusions: Differences in basic dosimetric parameters between machine measurements and TPS values vary widely depending on the parameter, although agreement does not seem to vary by TPS and has not changed over time. Intensity modulated radiation therapy–style output factors, stereotactic body radiation therapy–style output factors, and upper physical wedge output factors had the largest disagreement and should be carefully modeled to ensure accuracy.« less

  20. Estimated Prevalence of Insomnia among Women Veterans: Results of a Postal Survey.

    PubMed

    Martin, Jennifer L; Schweizer, C Amanda; Hughes, Jaime M; Fung, Constance H; Dzierzewski, Joseph M; Washington, Donna L; Kramer, B Josea; Jouldjian, Stella; Mitchell, Michael N; Josephson, Karen R; Alessi, Cathy A

    Insomnia is a significant public health concern known to particularly impact women and the veteran population; however, rates of insomnia disorder among women veterans are not known. Women veterans who had received health care at VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System between 2008 and 2010 and resided within 25 miles of the facility were sent a postal survey assessing sleep, demographics, and other related patient characteristics. A total of 660 women (43.1% of potential responders) returned the postal survey and provided sufficient information for insomnia diagnosis. On average, women reported 6.2 hours of sleep per night. The prevalence of insomnia, determined according to diagnostic criteria from the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-2, was 52.3%. Women with insomnia reported more severely disturbed sleep, and more pain, menopausal symptoms, stress/worries, and nightmares compared with women without insomnia. There was a quadratic relationship between age and insomnia with women in their mid-40s, most likely to have insomnia. This survey study found that insomnia symptoms were endorsed by more than one-half of the women veterans in this sample of VA users, highlighting the critical need for enhanced clinical identification and intervention. Further research is needed to establish national rates of insomnia among women veterans and to improve access to evidence-based treatment of insomnia disorder. Published by Elsevier Inc.

  1. Dosimetric Comparison of Helical Tomotherapy and Dynamic Conformal Arc Therapy in Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannomas

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lee, Tsair-Fwu, E-mail: tflee@cc.kuas.edu.t; Chang Gung Memorial Hospital-Kaohsiung Medical Center, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Chao, Pei-Ju

    2011-04-01

    The dosimetric results of stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) for vestibular schwannoma (VS) performed using dynamic conformal arc therapy (DCAT) with the Novalis system and helical TomoTherapy (HT) were compared using plan quality indices. The HT plans were created for 10 consecutive patients with VS previously treated with SRS using the Novalis system. The dosimetric indices used to compare the techniques included the conformity index (CI) and homogeneity index (HI) for the planned target volume (PTV), the comprehensive quality index (CQI) for nine organs at risk (OARs), gradient score index (GSI) for the dose drop-off outside the PTV, and plan quality indexmore » (PQI), which was verified using the plan quality discerning power (PQDP) to incorporate 3 plan indices, to evaluate the rival plans. The PTV ranged from 0.27-19.99 cm{sup 3} (median 3.39 cm{sup 3}), with minimum required PTV prescribed doses of 10-16 Gy (median 12 Gy). Both systems satisfied the minimum required PTV prescription doses. HT conformed better to the PTV (CI: 1.51 {+-} 0.23 vs. 1.94 {+-} 0.34; p < 0.01), but had a worse drop-off outside the PTV (GSI: 40.3 {+-} 10.9 vs. 64.9 {+-} 13.6; p < 0.01) compared with DCAT. No significant difference in PTV homogeneity was observed (HI: 1.08 {+-} 0.03 vs. 1.09 {+-} 0.02; p = 0.20). HT had a significantly lower maximum dose in 4 OARs and significant lower mean dose in 1 OAR; by contrast, DCAT had a significantly lower maximum dose in 1 OAR and significant lower mean dose in 2 OARs, with the CQI of the 9 OARs = 0.92 {+-} 0.45. Plan analysis using PQI (HT 0.37 {+-} 0.12 vs. DCAT 0.65 {+-} 0.08; p < 0.01), and verified using the PQDP, confirmed the dosimetric advantage of HT. However, the HT system had a longer beam-on time (33.2 {+-} 7.4 vs. 4.6 {+-} 0.9 min; p < 0.01) and consumed more monitor units (16772 {+-} 3803 vs. 1776 {+-} 356.3; p < 0.01). HT had a better dose conformity and similar dose homogeneity but worse dose gradient than DCAT. Plan analysis

  2. 39 CFR 760.1 - Treasury Department regulations; applicability to Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Reserve Bank of New York acting as Fiscal Agent of the United States on behalf of the Postal Service... Circular No. 300, 31 CFR part 306 (other than subpart O), as amended from time to time, shall apply insofar...

  3. Improvements in critical dosimetric endpoints using the Contura multilumen balloon breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation: preliminary dosimetric findings of a phase iv trial.

    PubMed

    Arthur, Douglas W; Vicini, Frank A; Todor, Dorin A; Julian, Thomas B; Lyden, Maureen R

    2011-01-01

    Dosimetric findings in patients treated with the Contura multilumen balloon (MLB) breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) on a multi-institutional Phase IV registry trial are presented. Computed tomography-based three-dimensional planning with dose optimization was performed. For the trial, new ideal dosimetric goals included (1) ≥95% of the prescribed dose (PD) covering ≥90% of the target volume, (2) a maximum skin dose ≤125% of the PD, (3) maximum rib dose ≤145% of the PD, and (4) the V150 ≤50 cc and V200 ≤10 cc. The ability to concurrently achieve these dosimetric goals using the Contura MLB was analyzed. 144 cases were available for review. Using the MLB, all dosimetric criteria were met in 76% of cases. Evaluating dosimetric criteria individually, 92% and 89% of cases met skin and rib dose criteria, respectively. In 93% of cases, ideal target volume coverage goals were met, and in 99%, dose homogeneity criteria (V150 and V200) were satisfied. When skin thickness was ≥5 mm to <7 mm, the median skin dose was limited to 120.1% of the PD, and when skin thickness was <5 mm, the median skin dose was 124.2%. When rib distance was <5 mm, median rib dose was reduced to 136.5% of the PD. When skin thickness was <7 mm and distance to rib was <5 mm, median skin and rib doses were jointly limited to 120.6% and 142.1% of the PD, respectively. The Contura MLB catheter provided the means of achieving the imposed higher standard of dosimetric goals in the majority of clinical scenarios encountered. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Improvements in Critical Dosimetric Endpoints Using the Contura Multilumen Balloon Breast Brachytherapy Catheter to Deliver Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation: Preliminary Dosimetric Findings of a Phase IV Trial

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Arthur, Douglas W., E-mail: darthur@mcvh-vcu.ed; Vicini, Frank A.; Todor, Dorin A.

    2011-01-01

    Purpose: Dosimetric findings in patients treated with the Contura multilumen balloon (MLB) breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) on a multi-institutional Phase IV registry trial are presented. Methods and Materials: Computed tomography-based three-dimensional planning with dose optimization was performed. For the trial, new ideal dosimetric goals included (1) {>=}95% of the prescribed dose (PD) covering {>=}90% of the target volume, (2) a maximum skin dose {<=}125% of the PD, (3) maximum rib dose {<=}145% of the PD, and (4) the V150 {<=}50 cc and V200 {<=}10 cc. The ability to concurrently achieve these dosimetric goals usingmore » the Contura MLB was analyzed. Results: 144 cases were available for review. Using the MLB, all dosimetric criteria were met in 76% of cases. Evaluating dosimetric criteria individually, 92% and 89% of cases met skin and rib dose criteria, respectively. In 93% of cases, ideal target volume coverage goals were met, and in 99%, dose homogeneity criteria (V150 and V200) were satisfied. When skin thickness was {>=}5 mm to <7 mm, the median skin dose was limited to 120.1% of the PD, and when skin thickness was <5 mm, the median skin dose was 124.2%. When rib distance was <5 mm, median rib dose was reduced to 136.5% of the PD. When skin thickness was <7 mm and distance to rib was <5 mm, median skin and rib doses were jointly limited to 120.6% and 142.1% of the PD, respectively. Conclusion: The Contura MLB catheter provided the means of achieving the imposed higher standard of dosimetric goals in the majority of clinical scenarios encountered.« less

  5. SU-F-T-649: Dosimetric Evaluation of Non-Coplanar Arc Therapy Using a Novel Rotating Gamma Ray System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Eldib, A; Chibani, O; Jin, L

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: Stereotactic intra and extra-cranial body radiation therapy has evolved with advances in treatment accuracy, effective radiation dose, and parameters necessary to maximize machine capabilities. Novel gamma systems with a ring type gantry were developed having the ability to perform oblique arcs. The aim of this study is to explore the dosimetric advantages of this new system. Methods: The rotating Gamma system is named CybeRay (Cyber Medical Corp., Xian, China). It has a treatment head of 16 cobalt-60 sources focused to the isocenter, which can rotate 360° on the ring gantry and swing 35° in the superior direction. Treatment plansmore » were generated utilizing our in-house Monte Carlo treatment planning system. A cylindrical phantom was modeled with 2mm voxel size. Dose inside the cylindrical phantom was calculated for coplanar and non-coplanar arcs. Dosimetric differences between CybeRay cobalt beams and CyberKnife 6MV beams were compared in a lung phantom and for previously treated SBRT patients. Results: The full width at half maxima of cross profiles in the S-I direction for the coplanar setup matched the cone sizes, while for the non-coplanar setup, FWHM was larger by 2mm for a 10mm cone and about 5mm for larger cones. In the coronal and sagittal view, coplanar beams showed elliptical shaped isodose lines, while non-coplanar beams showed circular isodose lines. Thus proper selection of the oblique angle and cone size can aid optimal dose matching to the target volume. Comparing a single 5mm cone from CybeRay to that from CyberKnife showed similar penumbra in a lung phantom but CybeRay had significant lower doses beyond lung tissues. Comparable treatment plans were obtained with CybeRay as that from CyberKnife.ConclusionThe noncoplanar multiple source arrangement of CybeRay will be of great clinical benefits for stereotactic intra and extra-cranial radiation therapy.« less

  6. Effect of photon energy spectrum on dosimetric parameters of brachytherapy sources

    PubMed Central

    Ghorbani, Mahdi; Davenport, David

    2016-01-01

    Abstract Aim The aim of this study is to quantify the influence of the photon energy spectrum of brachytherapy sources on task group No. 43 (TG-43) dosimetric parameters. Background Different photon spectra are used for a specific radionuclide in Monte Carlo simulations of brachytherapy sources. Materials and methods MCNPX code was used to simulate 125I, 103Pd, 169Yb, and 192Ir brachytherapy sources. Air kerma strength per activity, dose rate constant, radial dose function, and two dimensional (2D) anisotropy functions were calculated and isodose curves were plotted for three different photon energy spectra. The references for photon energy spectra were: published papers, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), and National Nuclear Data Center (NNDC). The data calculated by these photon energy spectra were compared. Results Dose rate constant values showed a maximum difference of 24.07% for 103Pd source with different photon energy spectra. Radial dose function values based on different spectra were relatively the same. 2D anisotropy function values showed minor differences in most of distances and angles. There was not any detectable difference between the isodose contours. Conclusions Dosimetric parameters obtained with different photon spectra were relatively the same, however it is suggested that more accurate and updated photon energy spectra be used in Monte Carlo simulations. This would allow for calculation of reliable dosimetric data for source modeling and calculation in brachytherapy treatment planning systems. PMID:27247558

  7. Dosimetric evaluation of two treatment planning systems for high dose rate brachytherapy applications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Shwetha, Bondel; Ravikumar, Manickam, E-mail: drravikumarm@gmail.com; Supe, Sanjay S.

    2012-04-01

    Various treatment planning systems are used to design plans for the treatment of cervical cancer using high-dose-rate brachytherapy. The purpose of this study was to make a dosimetric comparison of the 2 treatment planning systems from Varian medical systems, namely ABACUS and BrachyVision. The dose distribution of Ir-192 source generated with a single dwell position was compared using ABACUS (version 3.1) and BrachyVision (version 6.5) planning systems. Ten patients with intracavitary applications were planned on both systems using orthogonal radiographs. Doses were calculated at the prescription points (point A, right and left) and reference points RU, LU, RM, LM, bladder,more » and rectum. For single dwell position, little difference was observed in the doses to points along the perpendicular bisector. The mean difference between ABACUS and BrachyVision for these points was 1.88%. The mean difference in the dose calculated toward the distal end of the cable by ABACUS and BrachyVision was 3.78%, whereas along the proximal end the difference was 19.82%. For the patient case there was approximately 2% difference between ABACUS and BrachyVision planning for dose to the prescription points. The dose difference for the reference points ranged from 0.4-1.5%. For bladder and rectum, the differences were 5.2% and 13.5%, respectively. The dose difference between the rectum points was statistically significant. There is considerable difference between the dose calculations performed by the 2 treatment planning systems. It is seen that these discrepancies are caused by the differences in the calculation methodology adopted by the 2 systems.« less

  8. Dosimetric Considerations in Respiratory-Gated Deep Inspiration Breath-Hold for Left Breast Irradiation.

    PubMed

    Walston, Steve; Quick, Allison M; Kuhn, Karla; Rong, Yi

    2017-02-01

    To present our clinical workflow of incorporating AlignRT for left breast deep inspiration breath-hold treatments and the dosimetric considerations with the deep inspiration breath-hold protocol. Patients with stage I to III left-sided breast cancer who underwent lumpectomy or mastectomy were considered candidates for deep inspiration breath-hold technique for their external beam radiation therapy. Treatment plans were created on both free-breathing and deep inspiration breath-hold computed tomography for each patient to determine whether deep inspiration breath-hold was beneficial based on dosimetric comparison. The AlignRT system was used for patient setup and monitoring. Dosimetric measurements and their correlation with chest wall excursion and increase in left lung volume were studied for free-breathing and deep inspiration breath-hold plans. Deep inspiration breath-hold plans had significantly increased chest wall excursion when compared with free breathing. This change in geometry resulted in reduced mean and maximum heart dose but did not impact lung V 20 or mean dose. The correlation between chest wall excursion and absolute reduction in heart or lung dose was found to be nonsignificant, but correlation between left lung volume and heart dose showed a linear association. It was also identified that higher levels of chest wall excursion may paradoxically increase heart or lung dose. Reduction in heart dose can be achieved for many left-sided breast and chest wall patients using deep inspiration breath-hold. Chest wall excursion as well as left lung volume did not correlate with reduction in heart dose, and it remains to be determined what metric will provide the most optimal and reliable dosimetric advantage.

  9. Application of summative content analysis to a postal questionnaire.

    PubMed

    Griffiths, Thomas Howard

    2016-01-01

    Content analysis of replies to closed questions in questionnaires can be undertaken to understand remarks that may explain the responses, provide illustrative examples of issues raised in the questionnaire, define new issues or issues of importance that were not covered in the questionnaire and inform the design of new questions in future surveys. To discuss the usefulness of summative content analysis to free text in postal questionnaires. Content analysis provides useful comparative insights between two respondent groups in the case example provided. Five themes emerged: poor understanding of the concept of 'patient lateral transfer work technique' and the direct instrument nursing observation (DINO) instrument's key directions; outcomes of patient transfer; positive responses; manual handling risk; and poor translation into English of DINO. Respondents need an opportunity to clarify their responses to questionnaires using free text, to provide insight into their understanding of the question being asked, understanding of the concept or construct being discussed, and data triangulation through the confirmation of item responses and free-text comments. Responses to questions in a postal questionnaire and the opportunity for free-text commentary by respondents enable the identification of hidden meanings behind tickbox responses to questions.

  10. Outreach sexual infection screening and postal tests in men who have sex with men: are they comparable to clinic screening?

    PubMed

    Wood, Martyn; Ellks, Rachael; Grobicki, Moira

    2015-05-01

    Men who have sex with men (MSM) have higher rates of poor sexual health. The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence has produced guidance on increasing the uptake of HIV testing to reduce undiagnosed infection in MSM. We report the results of a pilot outreach sexually transmitted infection service using nurse-delivered screening and self-sampled postal testing at a sex on premises venue with comparison made against a sexual health clinic service. Thirty men were included in each group. Users of the nurse-delivered and postal services were older (nurse service median age 57.5 years vs. postal kit service 47 years vs. clinic 35.5 years, p ≤ 0.001). Outreach groups were less likely to have undertaken sexually transmitted infection testing previously than the clinic group (53.3% and 60% vs. 93.3%, p ≤ 0.001). Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae testing uptake was comparable across groups (nurse outreach 86.6%, 'do it yourself' postal kit 100% vs. clinic 100%, p = 0.032), but uptake for blood tests was lower in the postal kit group (nurse outreach 83.3%, postal kit 53.3% vs. clinic 100%, p ≤ 0.001). No significant difference in active sexually transmitted infection positivity across the groups was observed. This combination outreach screening approach is effective in targeting MSM who use sex on premises venues. © The Author(s) 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

  11. Design and dosimetric analysis of a 385 MHz TETRA head exposure system for use in human provocation studies.

    PubMed

    Schmid, Gernot; Bolz, Thomas; Uberbacher, Richard; Escorihuela-Navarro, Ana; Bahr, Achim; Dorn, Hans; Sauter, Cornelia; Eggert, Torsten; Danker-Hopfe, Heidi

    2012-10-01

    A new head exposure system for double-blind provocation studies investigating possible effects of terrestrial trunked radio (TETRA)-like exposure (385 MHz) on central nervous processes was developed and dosimetrically analyzed. The exposure system allows localized exposure in the temporal brain, similar to the case of operating a TETRA handset at the ear. The system and antenna concept enables exposure during wake and sleep states while an electroencephalogram (EEG) is recorded. The dosimetric assessment and uncertainty analysis yield high efficiency of 14 W/kg per Watt of accepted antenna input power due to an optimized antenna directly worn on the subject's head. Beside sham exposure, high and low exposure at 6 and 1.5 W/kg (in terms of maxSAR10g in the head) were implemented. Double-blind control and monitoring of exposure is enabled by easy-to-use control software. Exposure uncertainty was rigorously evaluated using finite-difference time-domain (FDTD)-based computations, taking into account anatomical differences of the head, the physiological range of the dielectric tissue properties including effects of sweating on the antenna, possible influences of the EEG electrodes and cables, variations in antenna input reflection coefficients, and effects on the specific absorption rate (SAR) distribution due to unavoidable small variations in the antenna position. This analysis yielded a reasonable uncertainty of <±45% (max to min ratio of 4.2 dB) in terms of maxSAR10g in the head and a variability of <±60% (max to min ratio of 6 dB) in terms of mass-averaged SAR in different brain regions, as demonstrated by a brain region-specific absorption analysis. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  12. We Deliver: The Story of the U.S. Postal Service.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Postal Service, Washington, DC.

    This eight-chapter illustrated booklet chronicles the history of the U.S. Post Office from its establishment by the Continental Congress in 1775 to the present. Chapter 1, "The Colonists," describes the postal service before the Revolutionary War. Benjamin Franklin's appointment as the first Postmaster General of the U.S. and his many…

  13. Dosimetric assessment of the PRESAGE dosimeter for a proton pencil beam

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wuu, C.-S.; Xu, Y.; Qian, X.; Adamovics, J.; Cascio, E.; Lu, H.-M.

    2013-06-01

    The objective of this study is to assess the feasibility of using PRESAGE dosimeters for proton pencil beam dosimetry. Two different formulations of phantom materials were tested for their suitability in characterizing a single proton pencil beam. The dosimetric response of PRESAGE was found to be linear up to 4Gy. First-generation optical CT scanner, OCTOPUSTM was used to implement dose distributions for proton pencil beams since it provides most accurate readout. Percentage depth dose curves and beam profiles for two proton energy, 110 MeV, and 93 MeV, were used to evaluate the dosimetric performance of two PRESAGE phantom formulas. The findings from this study show that the dosimetric properties of the phantom materials match with basic physics of proton beams.

  14. Dosimetric verification of gated delivery of electron beams using a 2D ion chamber array

    PubMed Central

    Yoganathan, S. A.; Das, K. J. Maria; Raj, D. Gowtham; Kumar, Shaleen

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to compare the dosimetric characteristics; such as beam output, symmetry and flatness between gated and non-gated electron beams. Dosimetric verification of gated delivery was carried for all electron beams available on Varian CL 2100CD medical linear accelerator. Measurements were conducted for three dose rates (100 MU/min, 300 MU/min and 600 MU/min) and two respiratory motions (breathing period of 4s and 8s). Real-time position management (RPM) system was used for the gated deliveries. Flatness and symmetry values were measured using Imatrixx 2D ion chamber array device and the beam output was measured using plane parallel ion chamber. These detector systems were placed over QUASAR motion platform which was programmed to simulate the respiratory motion of target. The dosimetric characteristics of gated deliveries were compared with non-gated deliveries. The flatness and symmetry of all the evaluated electron energies did not differ by more than 0.7 % with respect to corresponding non-gated deliveries. The beam output variation of gated electron beam was less than 0.6 % for all electron energies except for 16 MeV (1.4 %). Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that Varian CL2100 CD is well suitable for gated delivery of non-dynamic electron beams. PMID:26170552

  15. 29 CFR 4000.24 - What if I mail my submission or issuance using the U.S. Postal Service?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    .... Postal Service? 4000.24 Section 4000.24 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT... and Issuance Dates § 4000.24 What if I mail my submission or issuance using the U.S. Postal Service... (b) of this section. You deposit your issuance in a mailbox at 4 p.m. on Friday, March 15 and the...

  16. Dosimetric Verification of IMRT Treatment Plans Using an Electronic Portal Imaging Device

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kruszyna, Marta

    This paper presents the procedures and results of dosimetric verification using an Electronic Portal Imaging Device as a tool for pre-treatment dosimetry in IMRT technique at the Greater Poland Cancer Centre in Poznan, Poland. The evaluation of dosimetric verification for various organ, during a 2 year period is given.

  17. United States Postal Service Pension Obligation Recalculation and Restoration Act of 2011

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Lynch, Stephen F. [D-MA-9

    2011-04-04

    House - 04/08/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service, and Labor Policy . (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  18. United States Postal Service Pension Obligation Recalculation and Restoration Act of 2011

    THOMAS, 112th Congress

    Rep. Thompson, Bennie G. [D-MS-2

    2011-10-12

    House - 11/02/2011 Referred to the Subcommittee on Federal Workforce, U.S. Postal Service, and Labor Policy . (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

  19. 22 CFR 123.24 - Shipments by U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... subchapter by clearly marking on the package “This export is subject to the controls of the ITAR, 22 CFR... any technical data using a license in this subchapter by the U.S. Postal Service must be notified... or exemption, must certify, by clearly marking on the package, “This export is subject to the...

  20. 22 CFR 123.24 - Shipments by U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... subchapter by clearly marking on the package “This export is subject to the controls of the ITAR, 22 CFR... any technical data using a license in this subchapter by the U.S. Postal Service must be notified... or exemption, must certify, by clearly marking on the package, “This export is subject to the...

  1. 22 CFR 123.24 - Shipments by U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... subchapter by clearly marking on the package “This export is subject to the controls of the ITAR, 22 CFR... any technical data using a license in this subchapter by the U.S. Postal Service must be notified... or exemption, must certify, by clearly marking on the package, “This export is subject to the...

  2. 22 CFR 123.24 - Shipments by U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... subchapter by clearly marking on the package “This export is subject to the controls of the ITAR, 22 CFR... any technical data using a license in this subchapter by the U.S. Postal Service must be notified... or exemption, must certify, by clearly marking on the package, “This export is subject to the...

  3. SU-G-TeP3-11: Radiobiological-Cum-Dosimetric Quality Assurance of Complex Radiotherapy Plans

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Paudel, N; Narayanasamy, G; Zhang, X

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: Dosimetric gamma-analysis used for QA of complex radiotherapy plans tests the dosimetric equivalence of a delivered plan with the treatment planning system (TPS) optimized plan. It does not examine whether a dosimetric difference results in any radiobiological difference. This study introduces a method to test the radiobiological and dosimetric equivalence between a delivered and the TPS optimized plan. Methods: Six head and neck and seven lung cancer VMAT or IMRT plans optimized for patient treatment were calculated and delivered to an ArcCheck phantom. ArcCheck measured dose distributions were compared with the TPS calculated dose distributions using a 2-D gamma-analysis.more » Dose volume histograms (DVHs) for various patient structures were obtained by using measured data in 3DVH software and compared against the TPS calculated DVHs using 3-D gamma analysis. DVH data were used in the Poisson model to calculate tumor control probability (TCP) for the treatment targets and in the sigmoid dose response model to calculate normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) for the normal structures. Results: Two-D and three-D gamma passing rates among six H&N patient plans differed by 0 to 2.7% and among seven lung plans by 0.1 to 4.5%. Average ± SD TCPs based on measurement and TPS were 0.665±0.018 and 0.674±0.044 for H&N, and 0.791±0.027 and 0.733±0.031 for lung plans, respectively. Differences in NTCPs were usually negligible. The differences in dosimetric results, TCPs and NTCPs were insignificant. Conclusion: The 2-D and 3-D gamma-analysis based agreement between measured and planned dose distributions may indicate their dosimetric equivalence. Small and insignificant differences in TCPs and NTCPs based on measured and planned dose distributions indicate the radiobiological equivalence between the measured and optimized plans. However, patient plans showing larger differences between 2-D and 3-D gamma-analysis can help us make a more definite

  4. SU-E-T-335: Dosimetric Investigation of An Advanced Rotating Gamma Ray System for Imaged Guided Radiation Therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ma, C; Eldib, A; Chibani, O

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: Co-60 beams have unique dosimetric properties for cranial treatments and thoracic cancers. The conventional concern about the high surface dose is overcome by modern system designs with rotational treatment techniques. This work investigates a novel rotational Gamma ray system for image-guided, external beam radiotherapy. Methods: The CybeRT system (Cyber Medical Corp., China) consists of a ring gantry with either one or two treatment heads containing a Gamma source and a multileaf collimator (MLC). The MLC has 60 paired leaves, and the maximum field size is either 40cmx40cm (40 pairs of 0.5cm central leaves, 20 pairs of 1cm outer leaves),more » or 22cmx40cm (32 pairs of 0.25cm central leaves, 28 pairs of 0.5cm outer leaves). The treatment head(s) can swing 35° superiorly and 8° inferiorly, allowing a total of 43° non-coplanar beam incident. The treatment couch provides 6-degrees-of-freedom motion compensation and the kV cone-beam CT system has a spatial resolution of 0.4mm. Monte Carlo simulations were used to compute dose distributions and compare with measurements. A retrospective study of 98 previously treated patients was performed to compare CybeRT with existing RT systems. Results: Monte Carlo results confirmed the CybeRT design parameters including output factors and 3D dose distributions. Its beam penumbra/dose gradient was similar to or better than that of 6MV photon beams and its isocenter accuracy is 0.3mm. Co-60 beams produce lower-energy secondary electrons that exhibit better dose properties in low-density lung tissues. Because of their rapid depth dose falloff, Co-60 beams are favorable for peripheral lung tumors with half-arc arrangements to spare the opposite lung and critical structures. Superior dose distributions were obtained for head and neck, breast, spine and lung tumors. Conclusion: Because of its accurate dose delivery and unique dosimetric properties of C-60 sources, CybeRT is ideally suited for advanced SBRT as well as

  5. Contura Multi-Lumen Balloon breast brachytherapy catheter: comparative dosimetric findings of a phase 4 trial.

    PubMed

    Arthur, Douglas W; Vicini, Frank A; Todor, Dorin A; Julian, Thomas B; Cuttino, Laurie W; Mukhopadhyay, Nitai D

    2013-06-01

    Final dosimetric findings of a completed, multi-institutional phase 4 registry trial using the Contura Multi-Lumen Balloon (MLB) breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in patients with early-stage breast cancer are presented. Three dosimetric plans with identical target coverage were generated for each patient for comparison: multilumen multidwell (MLMD); central-lumen multidwell (CLMD); and central-lumen single-dwell (CLSD) loading of the Contura catheter. For this study, a successful treatment plan achieved ideal dosimetric goals and included the following: ≥ 95% of the prescribed dose (PD) covering ≥ 95% of the target volume (TV); maximum skin dose ≤ 125% of the PD; maximum rib dose ≤ 145% of the PD; and V150 ≤50 cc and V200 ≤ 10 cc. Between January 2008 and February 2011, 23 institutions participated. A total of 318 patients were available for dosimetric review. Using the Contura MLB, all dosimetric criteria were met in 78.93% of cases planned with MLMD versus 55.38% with the CLMD versus 37.66% with the CLSD (P ≤.0001). Evaluating all patients with the full range of skin to balloon distance represented, median maximum skin dose was reduced by 12% and median maximum rib dose by 13.9% when using MLMD-based dosimetric plans compared to CLSD. The dosimetric benefit of MLMD was further demonstrated in the subgroup of patients where skin thickness was <5 mm, where MLMD use allowed a 38% reduction in median maximum skin dose over CLSD. For patients with rib distance <5 mm, the median maximum rib dose reduction was 27%. Use of the Contura MLB catheter produced statistically significant improvements in dosimetric capabilities between CLSD and CLMD treatments. This device approach demonstrates the ability not only to overcome the barriers of limited skin thickness and close rib proximity, but to consistently achieve a higher standard of dosimetric planning goals. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights

  6. Contura Multi-Lumen Balloon Breast Brachytherapy Catheter: Comparative Dosimetric Findings of a Phase 4 Trial

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Arthur, Douglas W., E-mail: darthur@mcvh-vcu.edu; Vicini, Frank A.; Todor, Dorin A.

    2013-06-01

    Purpose: Final dosimetric findings of a completed, multi-institutional phase 4 registry trial using the Contura Multi-Lumen Balloon (MLB) breast brachytherapy catheter to deliver accelerated partial breast irradiation (APBI) in patients with early-stage breast cancer are presented. Methods and Materials: Three dosimetric plans with identical target coverage were generated for each patient for comparison: multilumen multidwell (MLMD); central-lumen multidwell (CLMD); and central-lumen single-dwell (CLSD) loading of the Contura catheter. For this study, a successful treatment plan achieved ideal dosimetric goals and included the following: ≥95% of the prescribed dose (PD) covering ≥95% of the target volume (TV); maximum skin dose ≤125%more » of the PD; maximum rib dose ≤145% of the PD; and V150 ≤50 cc and V200 ≤10 cc. Results: Between January 2008 and February 2011, 23 institutions participated. A total of 318 patients were available for dosimetric review. Using the Contura MLB, all dosimetric criteria were met in 78.93% of cases planned with MLMD versus 55.38% with the CLMD versus 37.66% with the CLSD (P≤.0001). Evaluating all patients with the full range of skin to balloon distance represented, median maximum skin dose was reduced by 12% and median maximum rib dose by 13.9% when using MLMD-based dosimetric plans compared to CLSD. The dosimetric benefit of MLMD was further demonstrated in the subgroup of patients where skin thickness was <5 mm, where MLMD use allowed a 38% reduction in median maximum skin dose over CLSD. For patients with rib distance <5 mm, the median maximum rib dose reduction was 27%. Conclusions: Use of the Contura MLB catheter produced statistically significant improvements in dosimetric capabilities between CLSD and CLMD treatments. This device approach demonstrates the ability not only to overcome the barriers of limited skin thickness and close rib proximity, but to consistently achieve a higher standard of dosimetric

  7. Three-Dimensional Dosimetric Validation of a Magnetic Resonance Guided Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Rankine, Leith J., E-mail: Leith_Rankine@med.unc.edu; Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; Mein, Stewart

    Purpose: To validate the dosimetric accuracy of a commercially available magnetic resonance guided intensity modulated radiation therapy (MRgIMRT) system using a hybrid approach: 3-dimensional (3D) measurements and Monte Carlo calculations. Methods and Materials: We used PRESAGE radiochromic plastic dosimeters with remote optical computed tomography readout to perform 3D high-resolution measurements, following a novel remote dosimetry protocol. We followed the intensity modulated radiation therapy commissioning recommendations of American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group 119, adapted to incorporate 3D data. Preliminary tests (“AP” and “3D-Bands”) were delivered to 9.5-cm usable diameter cylindrical PRESAGE dosimeters to validate the treatment planning systemmore » (TPS) for nonmodulated deliveries; assess the sensitivity, uniformity, and rotational symmetry of the PRESAGE dosimeters; and test the robustness of the remote dosimetry protocol. Following this, 4 clinical MRgIMRT plans (“MultiTarget,” “Prostate,” “Head/Neck,” and “C-Shape”) were measured using 13-cm usable diameter PRESAGE dosimeters. For all plans, 3D-γ (3% or 3 mm global, 10% threshold) passing rates were calculated and 3D-γ maps were examined. Point doses were measured with an IBA-CC01 ionization chamber for validation of absolute dose. Finally, by use of an in-house-developed, GPU-accelerated Monte Carlo algorithm (gPENELOPE), we independently calculated dose for all 6 Task Group 119 plans and compared against the TPS. Results: For PRESAGE measurements, 3D-γ analysis yielded passing rates of 98.7%, 99.2%, 98.5%, 98.0%, 99.2%, and 90.7% for AP, 3D-Bands, MultiTarget, Prostate, Head/Neck, and C-Shape, respectively. Ion chamber measurements were within an average of 0.5% (±1.1%) from the TPS dose. Monte Carlo calculations demonstrated good agreement with the TPS, with a mean 3D-γ passing rate of 98.5% ± 1.9% using a stricter 2%/2-mm criterion. Conclusions

  8. 22 CFR 123.24 - Shipments by U.S. Postal Service.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... with this subchapter by clearly marking on the package “This export is subject to the controls of the...) The export of any technical data using a license in this subchapter by the U.S. Postal Service must be... either a license or exemption, must certify, by clearly marking on the package, “This export is subject...

  9. Dosimetric and clinical predictors for radiation-induced esophageal injury.

    PubMed

    Ahn, Sung-Ja; Kahn, Daniel; Zhou, Sumin; Yu, Xiaoli; Hollis, Donna; Shafman, Timothy D; Marks, Lawrence B

    2005-02-01

    To evaluate the clinical and three-dimensional dosimetric parameters associated with esophageal injury after radiotherapy (RT) for non-small-cell lung cancer. The records of 254 patients treated for non-small-cell lung cancer between 1992 and 2001 were reviewed. A variety of metrics describing the esophageal dose were extracted. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group toxicity criteria for grading of esophageal injury were used. The median follow-up time for all patients was 43 months (range, 0.5-120 months). Logistic regression analysis, contingency table analyses, and Fisher's exact tests were used for statistical analysis. Acute toxicity occurred in 199 (78%) of 254 patients. For acute toxicity of Grade 2 or worse, twice-daily RT, age, nodal stage of N2 or worse, and most dosimetric parameters were predictive. Late toxicity occurred in 17 (7%) of 238 patients. The median and maximal time to the onset of late toxicity was 5 and 40 months after RT, respectively. Late toxicity occurred in 2%, 3%, 17%, 26%, and 100% of patients with acute Grade 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4 toxicity, respectively. For late toxicity, the severity of acute toxicity was most predictive. A variety of dosimetric parameters are predictive of acute and late esophageal injury. A strong correlation between the dosimetric parameters prevented a comparison between the predictive abilities of these metrics. The presence of acute injury was the most predictive factor for the development of late injury. Additional studies to define better the predictors of RT-induced esophageal injury are needed.

  10. Dosimetric impact of an air passage on intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer.

    PubMed

    Okamoto, Hiroyuki; Wakita, Akihisa; Nakamura, Satoshi; Nishioka, Shie; Aikawa, Ako; Kato, Toru; Abe, Yoshihisa; Kobayashi, Kazuma; Inaba, Koji; Murakami, Naoya; Itami, Jun

    2016-11-01

    The brachytherapy dose calculations used in treatment planning systems (TPSs) have conventionally been performed assuming homogeneous water. Using measurements and a Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluated the dosimetric impact of an air passage on brachytherapy for bronchus cancer. To obtain the geometrical characteristics of an air passage, we analyzed the anatomical information from CT images of patients who underwent intraluminal brachytherapy using a high-dose-rate 192 Ir source (MicroSelectron V2r®, Nucletron). Using an ionization chamber, we developed a measurement system capable of measuring the peripheral dose with or without an air cavity surrounding the catheter. Air cavities of five different radii (0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.25 and 1.5 cm) were modeled by cylindrical tubes surrounding the catheter. A Monte Carlo code (GEANT4) was also used to evaluate the dosimetric impact of the air cavity. Compared with dose calculations in homogeneous water, the measurements and GEANT4 indicated a maximum overdose of 5-8% near the surface of the air cavity (with the maximum radius of 1.5 cm). Conversely, they indicated a minimum overdose of ~1% in the region 3-5 cm from the cavity surface for the smallest radius of 0.3 cm. The dosimetric impact depended on the size and the distance of the air passage, as well as the length of the treatment region. Based on dose calculations in water, the TPS for intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer had an unexpected overdose of 3-5% for a mean radius of 0.75 cm. This study indicates the need for improvement in dose calculation accuracy with respect to intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Japan Radiation Research Society and Japanese Society for Radiation Oncology.

  11. Dosimetric impact of an air passage on intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer

    PubMed Central

    Okamoto, Hiroyuki; Wakita, Akihisa; Nakamura, Satoshi; Nishioka, Shie; Aikawa, Ako; Kato, Toru; Abe, Yoshihisa; Kobayashi, Kazuma; Inaba, Koji; Murakami, Naoya; Itami, Jun

    2016-01-01

    The brachytherapy dose calculations used in treatment planning systems (TPSs) have conventionally been performed assuming homogeneous water. Using measurements and a Monte Carlo simulation, we evaluated the dosimetric impact of an air passage on brachytherapy for bronchus cancer. To obtain the geometrical characteristics of an air passage, we analyzed the anatomical information from CT images of patients who underwent intraluminal brachytherapy using a high-dose-rate 192Ir source (MicroSelectron V2r®, Nucletron). Using an ionization chamber, we developed a measurement system capable of measuring the peripheral dose with or without an air cavity surrounding the catheter. Air cavities of five different radii (0.3, 0.5, 0.75, 1.25 and 1.5 cm) were modeled by cylindrical tubes surrounding the catheter. A Monte Carlo code (GEANT4) was also used to evaluate the dosimetric impact of the air cavity. Compared with dose calculations in homogeneous water, the measurements and GEANT4 indicated a maximum overdose of 5–8% near the surface of the air cavity (with the maximum radius of 1.5 cm). Conversely, they indicated a minimum overdose of ~1% in the region 3–5 cm from the cavity surface for the smallest radius of 0.3 cm. The dosimetric impact depended on the size and the distance of the air passage, as well as the length of the treatment region. Based on dose calculations in water, the TPS for intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer had an unexpected overdose of 3–5% for a mean radius of 0.75 cm. This study indicates the need for improvement in dose calculation accuracy with respect to intraluminal brachytherapy for bronchus cancer. PMID:27605630

  12. 78 FR 12368 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-02-22

    ... POSTAL SERVICE Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records AGENCY: Postal Service\\TM\\. ACTION: Notice of modification to existing system of records. SUMMARY: The United States Postal Service[supreg] is proposing to modify a General Privacy Act System of Records. These updates are being made due to changes to...

  13. Use of the Liverpool Elbow Score as a postal questionnaire for the assessment of outcome after total elbow arthroplasty.

    PubMed

    Ashmore, Alexander M; Gozzard, Charles; Blewitt, Neil

    2007-01-01

    The Liverpool Elbow Score (LES) is a newly developed, validated elbow-specific score. It consists of a patient-answered questionnaire (PAQ) and a clinical assessment. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the PAQ portion of the LES could be used independently as a postal questionnaire for the assessment of outcome after total elbow arthroplasty and to correlate the LES and the Mayo Elbow Performance Score (MEPS). A series of 51 total elbow replacements were reviewed by postal questionnaire. Patients then attended the clinic for assessment by use of both the LES and the MEPS. There was an excellent response rate to the postal questionnaire (98%), and 44 elbows were available for clinical review. Good correlation was shown between the LES and the MEPS (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.84; P < .001) and between the PAQ portion of the LES and the MEPS (Spearman correlation coefficient, 0.76; P < .001). We conclude that there is good correlation between the LES PAQ component and the MEPS, suggesting that outcome assessment is possible by postal questionnaire.

  14. Patient feature based dosimetric Pareto front prediction in esophageal cancer radiotherapy.

    PubMed

    Wang, Jiazhou; Jin, Xiance; Zhao, Kuaike; Peng, Jiayuan; Xie, Jiang; Chen, Junchao; Zhang, Zhen; Studenski, Matthew; Hu, Weigang

    2015-02-01

    To investigate the feasibility of the dosimetric Pareto front (PF) prediction based on patient's anatomic and dosimetric parameters for esophageal cancer patients. Eighty esophagus patients in the authors' institution were enrolled in this study. A total of 2928 intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans were obtained and used to generate PF for each patient. On average, each patient had 36.6 plans. The anatomic and dosimetric features were extracted from these plans. The mean lung dose (MLD), mean heart dose (MHD), spinal cord max dose, and PTV homogeneity index were recorded for each plan. Principal component analysis was used to extract overlap volume histogram (OVH) features between PTV and other organs at risk. The full dataset was separated into two parts; a training dataset and a validation dataset. The prediction outcomes were the MHD and MLD. The spearman's rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the anatomical features and dosimetric features. The stepwise multiple regression method was used to fit the PF. The cross validation method was used to evaluate the model. With 1000 repetitions, the mean prediction error of the MHD was 469 cGy. The most correlated factor was the first principal components of the OVH between heart and PTV and the overlap between heart and PTV in Z-axis. The mean prediction error of the MLD was 284 cGy. The most correlated factors were the first principal components of the OVH between heart and PTV and the overlap between lung and PTV in Z-axis. It is feasible to use patients' anatomic and dosimetric features to generate a predicted Pareto front. Additional samples and further studies are required improve the prediction model.

  15. Female Spirituality, Careering and the U.S. Postal Service, Maintenance Division.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Carver, Kimberly D.; Gallaher, Rex M.; Richmond, Lee J.

    This paper discusses a study examining the lives of women (N=9) involved as either mentors or proteges in the U.S. Postal Service's Maintenance Leadership Program. Participant interviews consisted of the completion of several instruments including a personality inventory, a measure of agentic versus communal values, an instrument that examines…

  16. Revision of the dosimetric parameters of the CSM11 LDR Cs-137 source.

    PubMed

    Otal, Antonio; Martínez-Fernández, Juan Manuel; Granero, Domingo

    2011-03-01

    The clinical use of brachytherapy sources requires the existence of dosimetric data with enough of quality for the proper application of treatments in clinical practice. It has been found that the published data for the low dose rate CSM11 Cs-137 source lacks of smoothness in some regions because the data are too noisy. The purpose of this study was to calculate the dosimetric data for this source in order to provide quality dosimetric improvement of the existing dosimetric data of Ballester et al . [1]. In order to obtain the dose rate distributions Monte Carlo simulations were done using the GEANT4 code. A spherical phantom 40 cm in radius with the Cs-137 source located at the centre of the phantom was used. The results from Monte Carlo simulations were applied to derive AAPM Task Group 43 dosimetric parameters: anisotropy function, radial dose function, air kerma strength and dose rate constant. The dose rate constant obtained was 1.094 ± 0.002 cGy h -1 U -1 . The new calculated data agrees within experimental uncertainties with the existing data of Ballester et al . but without the statistical noise of that study. The obtained data presently fulfills all the requirements of the TG-43U1 update and thus it can be used in clinical practice.

  17. Dosimetric study of GZP6 60 Co high dose rate brachytherapy source.

    PubMed

    Lei, Qin; Xu, Anjian; Gou, Chengjun; Wen, Yumei; He, Donglin; Wu, Junxiang; Hou, Qing; Wu, Zhangwen

    2018-05-28

    The purpose of this study was to obtain dosimetric parameters of GZP6 60 Co brachytherapy source number 3. The Geant4 MC code has been used to obtain the dose rate distribution following the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) TG-43U1 dosimetric formalism. In the simulation, the source was centered in a 50 cm radius water phantom. The cylindrical ring voxels were 0.1 mm thick for r ≤ 1 cm, 0.5 mm for 1 cm < r ≤ 5 cm, and 1 mm for r > 5 cm. The kerma-dose approximation was performed for r > 0.75 cm to increase the simulation efficiency. Based on the numerical results, the dosimetric datasets were obtained. These results were compared with the available data of the similar 60 Co high dose rate sources and the detailed dosimetric characterization was discussed. © 2018 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

  18. Comparison of response rates and cost-effectiveness for a community-based survey: postal, internet and telephone modes with generic or personalised recruitment approaches

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Epidemiological research often requires collection of data from a representative sample of the community or recruitment of specific groups through broad community approaches. The population coverage of traditional survey methods such as mail-outs to residential addresses, and telephone contact via public directories or random-digit-dialing is declining and survey response rates are falling. There is a need to explore new sampling frames and consider multiple response modes including those offered by changes in telecommunications and internet technology. Methods We evaluated response rates and cost-effectiveness for three modes of survey administration (postal invitation/postal survey, postal invitation/internet survey and postal invitation/telephone survey) and two styles of contact approach (personalised and generic) in a community survey of greywater use. Potential respondents were contacted only once, with no follow up of non-responders. Results The telephone survey produced the highest adjusted response rate (30.2%), followed by the personalised postal survey (10.5%), generic postal survey (7.5%) and then the internet survey (4.7% for the personalised approach and 2.2% for the generic approach). There were some differences in household characteristics and greywater use rates between respondents to different survey modes, and between respondents to personalised and generic approaches. These may be attributable to the differing levels of motivations needed for a response, and varying levels of interest in the survey topic among greywater users and non-users. The generic postal survey had the lowest costs per valid survey received (Australian $22.93), followed by the personalised postal survey ($24.75). Conclusions Our findings suggest that postal surveys currently remain the most economic option for population-based studies, with similar costs for personalised and generic approaches. Internet surveys may be effective for specialised groups where email

  19. 40 CFR 52.351 - United States Postal Service substitute Clean Fuel Fleet Program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... State Implementation Plan, carbon monoxide NAAQS, United States Postal Service substitute clean-fuel... of section 246 of the Clean Air Act for the Denver Metropolitan carbon monoxide nonattainment area.... [66 FR 64758, Dec. 14, 2001] ...

  20. Patient feature based dosimetric Pareto front prediction in esophageal cancer radiotherapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Jiazhou; Zhao, Kuaike; Peng, Jiayuan

    2015-02-15

    Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of the dosimetric Pareto front (PF) prediction based on patient’s anatomic and dosimetric parameters for esophageal cancer patients. Methods: Eighty esophagus patients in the authors’ institution were enrolled in this study. A total of 2928 intensity-modulated radiotherapy plans were obtained and used to generate PF for each patient. On average, each patient had 36.6 plans. The anatomic and dosimetric features were extracted from these plans. The mean lung dose (MLD), mean heart dose (MHD), spinal cord max dose, and PTV homogeneity index were recorded for each plan. Principal component analysis was used to extract overlapmore » volume histogram (OVH) features between PTV and other organs at risk. The full dataset was separated into two parts; a training dataset and a validation dataset. The prediction outcomes were the MHD and MLD. The spearman’s rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the anatomical features and dosimetric features. The stepwise multiple regression method was used to fit the PF. The cross validation method was used to evaluate the model. Results: With 1000 repetitions, the mean prediction error of the MHD was 469 cGy. The most correlated factor was the first principal components of the OVH between heart and PTV and the overlap between heart and PTV in Z-axis. The mean prediction error of the MLD was 284 cGy. The most correlated factors were the first principal components of the OVH between heart and PTV and the overlap between lung and PTV in Z-axis. Conclusions: It is feasible to use patients’ anatomic and dosimetric features to generate a predicted Pareto front. Additional samples and further studies are required improve the prediction model.« less

  1. 77 FR 18716 - Transportation Security Administration Postal Zip Code Change; Technical Amendment

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-03-28

    ... organizational changes and it has no substantive effect on the public. DATES: Effective March 28, 2012. FOR... No. 1572-9] Transportation Security Administration Postal Zip Code Change; Technical Amendment AGENCY: Transportation Security Administration, DHS. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule is a technical change to...

  2. Automation of a Linear Accelerator Dosimetric Quality Assurance Program

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lebron Gonzalez, Sharon H.

    According to the American Society of Radiation Oncology, two-thirds of all cancer patients will receive radiation therapy during their illness with the majority of the treatments been delivered by a linear accelerator (linac). Therefore, quality assurance (QA) procedures must be enforced in order to deliver treatments with a machine in proper conditions. The overall goal of this project is to automate the linac's dosimetric QA procedures by analyzing and accomplishing various tasks. First, the photon beam dosimetry (i.e. total scatter correction factor, infinite percentage depth dose (PDD) and profiles) were parameterized. Parameterization consists of defining the parameters necessary for the specification of a dosimetric quantity model creating a data set that is portable and easy to implement for different applications including: beam modeling data input into a treatment planning system (TPS), comparing measured and TPS modelled data, the QA of a linac's beam characteristics, and the establishment of a standard data set for comparison with other data, etcetera. Second, this parameterization model was used to develop a universal method to determine the radiation field size of flattened (FF), flattening-filter-free (FFF) and wedge beams which we termed the parameterized gradient method (PGM). Third, the parameterized model was also used to develop a profile-based method for assessing the beam quality of photon FF and FFF beams using an ionization chamber array. The PDD and PDD change was also predicted from the measured profile. Lastly, methods were created to automate the multileaf collimator (MLC) calibration and QA procedures as well as the acquisition of the parameters included in monthly and annual photon dosimetric QA. A two field technique was used for the calculation of the MLC leaf relative offsets using an electronic portal imaging device (EPID). A step-and-shoot technique was used to accurately acquire the radiation field size, flatness, symmetry, output

  3. Dosimetric characterization of optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter with therapeutic photon beams for use in clinical radiotherapy measurements.

    PubMed

    Ponmalar, Retna; Manickam, Ravikumar; Ganesh, K M; Saminathan, Sathiyan; Raman, Arun; Godson, Henry Finlay

    2017-01-01

    The modern radiotherapy techniques impose new challenges for dosimetry systems with high precision and accuracy in in vivo and in phantom dosimetric measurements. The knowledge of the basic characterization of a dosimetric system before patient dose verification is crucial. This incites the investigation of the potential use of nanoDot optically stimulated luminescence dosimeter (OSLD) for application in radiotherapy with therapeutic photon beams. Measurements were carried out with nanoDot OSLDs to evaluate the dosimetric characteristics such as dose linearity, dependency on field size, dose rate, energy and source-to-surface distance (SSD), reproducibility, fading effect, reader stability, and signal depletion per read out with cobalt-60 (60 Co) beam, 6 and 18 MV therapeutic photon beams. The data acquired with OSLDs were validated with ionization chamber data where applicable. Good dose linearity was observed for doses up to 300 cGy and above which supralinear behavior. The standard uncertainty with field size observed was 1.10% ± 0.4%, 1.09% ± 0.34%, and 1.2% ± 0.26% for 6 MV, 18 MV, and 60 Co beam, respectively. The maximum difference with dose rate was 1.3% ± 0.4% for 6 MV and 1.4% ± 0.4% for 18 MV photon beams. The largest variation in SSD was 1.5% ± 1.2% for 60 Co, 1.5% ± 0.9% for 6 MV, and 1.5% ± 1.3% for 18 MV photon beams. The energy dependence of OSL response at 18 MV and 60 Co with 6 MV beam was 1.5% ± 0.7% and 1.7% ± 0.6%, respectively. In addition, good reproducibility, stability after the decay of transient signal, and predictable fading were observed. The results obtained in this study indicate the efficacy and suitability of nanoDot OSLD for dosimetric measurements in clinical radiotherapy.

  4. Accuracy of responses from postal surveys about continuing medical education and information behavior: experiences from a survey among German diabetologists

    PubMed Central

    Trelle, Sven

    2002-01-01

    Background Postal surveys are a popular instrument for studies about continuing medical education habits. But little is known about the accuracy of responses in such surveys. The objective of this study was to quantify the magnitude of inaccurate responses in a postal survey among physicians. Methods A sub-analysis of a questionnaire about continuing medical education habits and information management was performed. The five variables used for the quantitative analysis are based on a question about the knowledge of a fictitious technical term and on inconsistencies in contingency tables of answers to logically connected questions. Results Response rate was 52%. Non-response bias is possible but seems not very likely since an association between demographic variables and inconsistent responses could not be found. About 10% of responses were inaccurate according to the definition. Conclusion It was shown that a sub-analysis of a questionnaire makes a quantification of inaccurate responses in postal surveys possible. This sub-analysis revealed that a notable portion of responses in a postal survey about continuing medical education habits and information management was inaccurate. PMID:12153701

  5. 39 CFR 3050.21 - Content of the Postal Service's section 3652 report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... competitive advantage for the Postal Service or any mailer. (i) For each nonpostal service, estimate its costs... unreasonable. (g) For each competitive negotiated service agreement: (1) Identify its rates and service... and by competitive product group; (2) Estimate the quality of service of each individual experimental...

  6. 39 CFR 501.14 - Postage Evidencing System inventory control processes.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Postage Evidencing System inventory control processes. 501.14 Section 501.14 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE POSTAGE PROGRAMS AUTHORIZATION... affect Postal Service revenues, or of any memory component, or that affects the accuracy of the registers...

  7. 39 CFR 778.4 - What are the Postal Service's general responsibilities under the Order?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... coordinate proposed direct Federal development projects, the Postal Service, to the extent permitted by law...) Communicates with state and local elected officials as early in a facility project action's planning cycle as...

  8. 39 CFR 778.4 - What are the Postal Service's general responsibilities under the Order?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... coordinate proposed direct Federal development projects, the Postal Service, to the extent permitted by law...) Communicates with state and local elected officials as early in a facility project action's planning cycle as...

  9. 39 CFR 778.4 - What are the Postal Service's general responsibilities under the Order?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... coordinate proposed direct Federal development projects, the Postal Service, to the extent permitted by law...) Communicates with state and local elected officials as early in a facility project action's planning cycle as...

  10. 39 CFR 778.4 - What are the Postal Service's general responsibilities under the Order?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... coordinate proposed direct Federal development projects, the Postal Service, to the extent permitted by law...) Communicates with state and local elected officials as early in a facility project action's planning cycle as...

  11. 39 CFR 778.4 - What are the Postal Service's general responsibilities under the Order?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... coordinate proposed direct Federal development projects, the Postal Service, to the extent permitted by law...) Communicates with state and local elected officials as early in a facility project action's planning cycle as...

  12. Promoting Sun Safety Among US Postal Service Letter Carriers: Impact of a 2-Year Intervention

    PubMed Central

    Mayer, Joni A.; Slymen, Donald J.; Clapp, Elizabeth J.; Pichon, Latrice C.; Eckhardt, Laura; Eichenfield, Lawrence F.; Elder, John P.; Sallis, James F.; Weinstock, Martin A.; Achter, April; Balderrama, Cynthia; Galindo, Gabriel R.; Oh, Sam S.

    2007-01-01

    Objectives. We examined whether US Postal Service letter carriers who received a sun safety intervention would wear wide-brim hats and sunscreen significantly more often than those who did not receive the intervention. Methods. We used a 2-group randomized design with 2662 evaluation cohort participants from 70 US postal stations. Evaluations were conducted at baseline, 3 months, 1 year, and 2 years. Questionnaire items assessed occupational use of sun-screen and wide-brim hats. The 2-year sun safety intervention included the provision of wide-brim hats, accessible sunscreen, reminders, and 6 educational sessions. Results. At the 3-month follow-up evaluations, the odds ratio (OR) for regular sun-screen use was 2.8 times higher among the intervention group than among the control group (95% confidence interval [CI]=2.2, 3.5); at the 2-year follow-up evaluations, the rate was still significantly higher (OR=2.0; 95% CI=1.6, 2.6). Intervention group participants also had significantly higher rates of hat use, with the differences remaining consistent across all follow-ups (OR=2.9; 95% CI=2.3, 3.6). Conclusions. The intervention should be disseminated to postal stations nationwide and possibly to other occupational groups that work outdoors. PMID:17267715

  13. United States Postal Service supplemental environmental assessment hovercraft transport of Alaska bypass mail

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2000-06-30

    The U.S. Postal Service (USPS) proposes to transport bypass and non-priority mail by hovercraft (also known as air cushioned vehecles) on a year-round basis from the city of Bethel to nine Alaskan villages alon teh Kuskokwin, Johnson, and Pikmiktalik...

  14. SU-F-T-240: EPID-Based Quality Assurance for Dosimetric Credentialing

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Miri, N; Lehmann, J; Vial, P

    Purpose: We propose a novel dosimetric audit method for clinical trials using EPID measurements at each center and a standardized EPID to dose conversion algorithm. The aim of this work is to investigate the applicability of the EPID method to different linear accelerator, EPID and treatment planning system (TPS) combinations. Methods: Combination of delivery and planning systems were three Varian linacs including one Pinnacle and two Eclipse TPS and, two ELEKTA linacs including one Pinnacle and one Monaco TPS. All Varian linacs had the same EPID structure and similarly for the ELEKTA linacs. Initially, dose response of the EPIDs wasmore » investigated by acquiring integrated pixel value (IPV) of the central area of 10 cm2 images versus MUs, 5-400 MU. Then, the EPID to dose conversion was investigated for different system combinations. Square field size images, 2, 3, 4, 6, 10, 15, 20, 25 cm2 acquired by all systems were converted to dose at isocenter of a virtual flat phantom then the dose was compared to the corresponding TPS dose. Results: All EPIDs showed a relatively linear behavior versus MU except at low MUs which showed irregularities probably due to initial inaccuracies of irradiation. Furthermore, for all the EPID models, the model predicted TPS dose with a mean dose difference percentage of 1.3. However the model showed a few inaccuracies for ELEKTA EPID images at field sizes larger than 20 cm2. Conclusion: The EPIDs demonstrated similar behavior versus MU and the model was relatively accurate for all the systems. Therefore, the model could be employed as a global dosimetric method to audit clinical trials. Funding has been provided from Department of Radiation Oncology, TROG Cancer Research and the University of Newcastle. Narges Miri is a recipient of a University of Newcastle postgraduate scholarship.« less

  15. SU-D-18A-06: Variation of Controlled Breath Hold From CT Simulation to Treatment and Its Dosimetric Impact for Left-Sided Breast Radiotherapy with a Real-Time Optical Tracking System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mittauer, K; Deraniyagala, R; Li, J

    2014-06-01

    Purpose: Different breath-hold (BH) maneuvers (abdominal breathing vs. chest breathing) during CT simulation and treatment can lead to chest wall positional variation. The purpose of this study is to quantify the variation of active breathing control (ABC)-assisted BH and estimate its dosimetric impact for left-sided whole-breast radiotherapy with a real-time optical tracking system (OTS). Methods: Seven breast cancer patients were included. An in-house OTS tracked an infrared (IR) marker affixed over the xiphoid process of the patient at CT simulation and throughout the treatment course to measure BH variations. Correlation between the IR marker and the breast was studied formore » dosimetric purposes. The positional variations of 860 BHs were retrospectively incorporated into treatment plans to assess their dosimetric impact on breast and cardiac organs (heart and left anterior descending artery [LAD]). Results: The mean intrafraction variations were 2.8 mm, 2.7 mm, and 1.6 mm in the anteroposterior (AP), craniocaudal (CC), and mediolateral (ML) directions, respectively. Mean stability in any direction was within 1.5 mm. A general trend of BH undershoot at treatment relative to CT simulation was observed with an average of 4.4 mm, 3.6 mm, and 0.1 mm in the AP, CC, and ML directions, respectively. Undershoot up to 12.6 mm was observed for individual patients. The difference between the planned and delivered dose to breast targets was negligible. The average planned/delivered mean heart doses, mean LAD doses, and max LAD doses were 1.4/2.1, 7.4/15.7, and 18.6/31.0 Gy, respectively. Conclusion: Systematic undershoot was observed in ABC-assisted BHs from CT simulation to treatment. Its dosimetric impact on breast coverage was minimized with image guidance, but the benefits of cardiac organ sparing were degraded. A real-time tracking system can be used in junction with the ABC device to improve BH reproducibility.« less

  16. SU-F-T-460: Dosimetric Matching Between Trilogy Tx and TrueBeam STx

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Choi, Y; Kwak, J; Jeong, C

    Purpose: To compare the commissioned beam data for one flattening filter photon mode (6 MV) and two flattening filter-free (FFF) photon modes (6 and 10 MV-FFF) between Trilogy Tx and TrueBeam STx and evaluate the possibility of dosimetric matching Methods: Dosimetric characteristics of the new Trilogy Tx including percent depth doses (PDDs), profiles, and output factors were measured for commissioning. Linear diode array detector and ion chambers were used to measure dosimetric data. The depth of dose maximum (dmax) and PDD at 10 cm (PDD10) were evaluated: 3×3 cm{sup 2}, 10×10 cm{sup 2}, and 40×40 cm{sup 2}. The beam profilesmore » were compared and then penumbras were evaluated. As a further test of the dosimetric matching, the same VMAT plans were delivered, measured with film, and compared with TPS calculation. Results: All the measured PDDs matched well across the two units. PDD10 showed less than 0.5% variation and dmax were within 1.5 mm at the field sizes evaluated. Within the central 80% of transverse axis, profile data were almost identical. TrueBeam data resulted in a slightly greater penumbra width (up to 1.9 mm). The greatest differences of output factors were found at 40 × 40 cm{sup 2}: 2.40%, 2.03%, and 2.22% for 6 MV, 6 MV-FFF, and 10 MV-FFF, respectively. For smaller field sizes, less than 1% differences were observed. The film measurements demonstrated over 97.3% pixels passing-gamma analysis (2%/2mm). The results showed excellent agreement between measurements of two machines. Conclusion: The differences between Trilogy Tx and TrueBeam STx found could possibly affect small field and also very large field sizes in dosimetric matching considerations. These differences encountered are mostly related with the changes in the head design of the TrueBeam. Although it cannot guarantee full interchangeability of two machines, dosimetric matching by field size of 25 × 25 cm{sup 2} might be clinically acceptable.« less

  17. A Comparison of a Postal Survey and Mixed-Mode Survey Using a Questionnaire on Patients’ Experiences With Breast Care

    PubMed Central

    Hendriks, Michelle; Koopman, Laura; Spreeuwenberg, Peter; Rademakers, Jany

    2011-01-01

    Background The Internet is increasingly considered to be an efficient medium for assessing the quality of health care seen from the patients’ perspective. Potential benefits of Internet surveys such as time efficiency, reduced effort, and lower costs should be balanced against potential weaknesses such as low response rates and accessibility for only a subset of potential participants. Combining an Internet questionnaire with a traditional paper follow-up questionnaire (mixed-mode survey) can possibly compensate for these weaknesses and provide an alternative to a postal survey. Objective To examine whether there are differences between a mixed-mode survey and a postal survey in terms of respondent characteristics, response rate and time, quality of data, costs, and global ratings of health care or health care providers (general practitioner, hospital care in the diagnostic phase, surgeon, nurses, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hospital care in general). Methods Differences between the two surveys were examined in a sample of breast care patients using the Consumer Quality Index Breast Care questionnaire. We selected 800 breast care patients from the reimbursement files of Dutch health insurance companies. We asked 400 patients to fill out the questionnaire online followed by a paper reminder (mixed-mode survey) and 400 patients, matched by age and gender, received the questionnaire by mail only (postal survey). Both groups received three reminders. Results The respondents to the two surveys did not differ in age, gender, level of education, or self-reported physical and psychological health (all Ps > .05). In the postal survey, the questionnaires were returned 20 days earlier than in the mixed-mode survey (median 12 and 32 days, respectively; P < .001), whereas the response rate did not differ significantly (256/400, 64.0% versus 242/400, 60.5%, respectively; P = .30). The costs were lower for the mixed-mode survey (€2 per questionnaire). Moreover, there were

  18. A comparison of a postal survey and mixed-mode survey using a questionnaire on patients' experiences with breast care.

    PubMed

    Zuidgeest, Marloes; Hendriks, Michelle; Koopman, Laura; Spreeuwenberg, Peter; Rademakers, Jany

    2011-09-27

    The Internet is increasingly considered to be an efficient medium for assessing the quality of health care seen from the patients' perspective. Potential benefits of Internet surveys such as time efficiency, reduced effort, and lower costs should be balanced against potential weaknesses such as low response rates and accessibility for only a subset of potential participants. Combining an Internet questionnaire with a traditional paper follow-up questionnaire (mixed-mode survey) can possibly compensate for these weaknesses and provide an alternative to a postal survey. To examine whether there are differences between a mixed-mode survey and a postal survey in terms of respondent characteristics, response rate and time, quality of data, costs, and global ratings of health care or health care providers (general practitioner, hospital care in the diagnostic phase, surgeon, nurses, radiotherapy, chemotherapy, and hospital care in general). Differences between the two surveys were examined in a sample of breast care patients using the Consumer Quality Index Breast Care questionnaire. We selected 800 breast care patients from the reimbursement files of Dutch health insurance companies. We asked 400 patients to fill out the questionnaire online followed by a paper reminder (mixed-mode survey) and 400 patients, matched by age and gender, received the questionnaire by mail only (postal survey). Both groups received three reminders. The respondents to the two surveys did not differ in age, gender, level of education, or self-reported physical and psychological health (all Ps > .05). In the postal survey, the questionnaires were returned 20 days earlier than in the mixed-mode survey (median 12 and 32 days, respectively; P < .001), whereas the response rate did not differ significantly (256/400, 64.0% versus 242/400, 60.5%, respectively; P = .30). The costs were lower for the mixed-mode survey (€2 per questionnaire). Moreover, there were fewer missing items (3.4% versus 4

  19. 78 FR 57671 - Advisory Committee on International Postal and Delivery Services; Membership Renewals

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-19

    ... area. Members of the Committee are users, consultants, providers or experts on international postal and... the application process, please contact Helen Grove, [email protected] . Deadline: All applications... to Ms. Grove, [email protected] . For further information, please contact Ms. Helen Grove of the...

  20. Adaptive optimization by 6 DOF robotic couch in prostate volumetric IMRT treatment: rototranslational shift and dosimetric consequences

    PubMed Central

    Placidi, Lorenzo; Azario, Luigi; Mattiucci, Gian Carlo; Greco, Francesca; Damiani, Andrea; Mantini, Giovanna; Frascino, Vincenzo; Piermattei, Angelo; Valentini, Vincenzo; Balducci, Mario

    2015-01-01

    The purpose of this study was to investigate the magnitude and dosimetric relevance of translational and rotational shifts on IGRT prostate volumetric‐modulated arc therapy (VMAT) using Protura six degrees of freedom (DOF) Robotic Patient Positioning System. Patients with cT3aN0M0 prostate cancer, treated with VMAT simultaneous integrated boost (VMAT‐SIB), were enrolled. PTV2 was obtained adding 0.7 cm margin to seminal vesicles base (CTV2), while PTV1 adding to prostate (CTV1) 0.7 cm margin in all directions, except 1.2 cm, as caudal margin. A daily CBCT was acquired before dose delivery. The translational and rotational displacements were corrected through Protura Robotic Couch, collected and applied to the simulation CT to obtain a translated CT (tCT) and a rototranslated CT (rtCT) on which we recalculated the initial treatment plan (TP). We analyzed the correlation between dosimetric coverage, organs at risk (OAR) sparing, and translational or rotational displacements. The dosimetric impact of a rototranslational correction was calculated. From October 2012 to September 2013, a total of 263 CBCT scans from 12 patients were collected. Translational shifts were <5mm in 81% of patients and the rotational shifts were <2∘ in 93% of patient scans. The dosimetric analysis was performed on 172 CBCT scans and calculating 344 VMAT‐TP. Two significant linear correlations were observed between yaw and the V20 femoral heads and between pitch rotation and V50 rectum (p<0.001); rototranslational correction seems to impact more on PTV2 than on PTV1, especially when margins are reduced. Rotational errors are of dosimetric significance in sparing OAR and in target coverage. This is relevant for femoral heads and rectum because of major distance from isocenter, and for seminal vesicles because of irregular shape. No correlation was observed between translational and rotational errors. A study considering the intrafractional error and the deformable registration is ongoing

  1. Adding Postal Follow-Up to a Web-Based Survey of Primary Care and Gastroenterology Clinic Physician Chiefs Improved Response Rates but not Response Quality or Representativeness.

    PubMed

    Partin, Melissa R; Powell, Adam A; Burgess, Diana J; Haggstrom, David A; Gravely, Amy A; Halek, Krysten; Bangerter, Ann; Shaukat, Aasma; Nelson, David B

    2015-09-01

    This study assessed whether postal follow-up to a web-based physician survey improves response rates, response quality, and representativeness. We recruited primary care and gastroenterology chiefs at 125 Veterans Affairs medical facilities to complete a 10-min web-based survey on colorectal cancer screening and diagnostic practices in 2010. We compared response rates, response errors, and representativeness in the primary care and gastroenterology samples before and after adding postal follow-up. Adding postal follow-up increased response rates by 20-25 percentage points; markedly greater increases than predicted from a third e-mail reminder. In the gastroenterology sample, the mean number of response errors made by web responders (0.25) was significantly smaller than the mean number made by postal responders (2.18), and web responders provided significantly longer responses to open-ended questions. There were no significant differences in these outcomes in the primary care sample. Adequate representativeness was achieved before postal follow-up in both samples, as indicated by the lack of significant differences between web responders and the recruitment population on facility characteristics. We conclude adding postal follow-up to this web-based physician leader survey improved response rates but not response quality or representativeness. © The Author(s) 2013.

  2. Potential application of metal nanoparticles for dosimetric systems: Concepts and perspectives

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Guidelli, Eder José; Baffa, Oswaldo

    2014-11-01

    Metallic nanoparticles increase the delivered dose and consequently enhance tissue radio sensitization during radiation therapy of cancer. The Dose Enhancement Factor (DEF) corresponds to the ratio between the dose deposited on a tissue containing nanoparticles, and the dose deposited on a tissue without nanoparticles. In this sense, we have used electron spin resonance spectroscopy (ESR) to investigate how silver and gold nanoparticles affect the dose deposition in alanine dosimeters, which act as a surrogate of soft tissue. Besides optimizing radiation absorption by the dosimeter, the optical properties of these metal nanoparticles could also improve light emission from materials employed as radiation detectors. Therefore, we have also examined how the plasmonic properties of noble metal nanoparticles could enhance radiation detection using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimetry. This work will show results on how the use of gold and silver nanoparticles are beneficial for the ESR and OSL dosimetric techniques, and will describe the difficulties we have been facing, the challenges to overcome, and the perspectives.

  3. Potential benefits of dosimetric VMAT tracking verified with 3D film measurements.

    PubMed

    Crijns, Wouter; Defraene, Gilles; Van Herck, Hans; Depuydt, Tom; Haustermans, Karin; Maes, Frederik; Van den Heuvel, Frank

    2016-05-01

    To evaluate three different plan adaptation strategies using 3D film-stack dose measurements of both focal boost and hypofractionated prostate VMAT treatments. The adaptation strategies (a couch shift, geometric tracking, and dosimetric tracking) were applied for three realistic intrafraction prostate motions. A focal boost (35 × 2.2 and 35 × 2.7 Gy) and a hypofractionated (5 × 7.25 Gy) prostate VMAT plan were created for a heterogeneous phantom that allows for internal prostate motion. For these plans geometric tracking and dosimetric tracking were evaluated by ionization chamber (IC) point dose measurements (zero-D) and measurements using a stack of EBT3 films (3D). The geometric tracking applied translations, rotations, and scaling of the MLC aperture in response to realistic prostate motions. The dosimetric tracking additionally corrected the monitor units to resolve variations due to difference in depth, tissue heterogeneity, and MLC-aperture. The tracking was based on the positions of four fiducial points only. The film measurements were compared to the gold standard (i.e., IC measurements) and the planned dose distribution. Additionally, the 3D measurements were converted to dose volume histograms, tumor control probability, and normal tissue complication probability parameters (DVH/TCP/NTCP) as a direct estimate of clinical relevance of the proposed tracking. Compared to the planned dose distribution, measurements without prostate motion and tracking showed already a reduced homogeneity of the dose distribution. Adding prostate motion further blurs the DVHs for all treatment approaches. The clinical practice (no tracking) delivered the dose distribution inside the PTV but off target (CTV), resulting in boost dose errors up to 10%. The geometric and dosimetric tracking corrected the dose distribution's position. Moreover, the dosimetric tracking could achieve the planned boost DVH, but not the DVH of the more homogeneously irradiated prostate. A drawback

  4. Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners’ Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based Survey: A Randomized Trial

    PubMed Central

    Maisonneuve, Hubert; Cerutti, Bernard; Fournier, Jean Pascal; Senn, Nicolas; Haller, Dagmar M

    2017-01-01

    Background Web-based surveys have become a new and popular method for collecting data, but only a few studies have directly compared postal and Web-based surveys among physicians, and none to our knowledge among general practitioners (GPs). Objective Our aim is to compare two modes of survey delivery (postal and Web-based) in terms of participation rates, response times, and completeness of questionnaires in a study assessing GPs’ preventive practices. Methods This randomized study was conducted in Western Switzerland (Geneva and Vaud) and in France (Alsace and Pays de la Loire) in 2015. A random selection of community-based GPs (1000 GPs in Switzerland and 2400 GPs in France) were randomly allocated to receive a questionnaire about preventive care activities either by post (n=700 in Switzerland, n=400 in France) or by email (n=300 in Switzerland, n=2000 in France). Reminder messages were sent once in the postal group and twice in the Web-based group. Any GPs practicing only complementary and alternative medicine were excluded from the study. Results Among the 3400 contacted GPs, 764 (22.47%, 95% CI 21.07%-23.87%) returned the questionnaire. Compared to the postal group, the participation rate in the Web-based group was more than four times lower (246/2300, 10.70% vs 518/1100, 47.09%, P<.001), but median response time was much shorter (1 day vs 1-3 weeks, P<.001) and the number of GPs having fully completed the questionnaire was almost twice as high (157/246, 63.8% vs 179/518, 34.6%, P<.001). Conclusions Web-based surveys offer many advantages such as reduced response time, higher completeness of data, and large cost savings, but our findings suggest that postal surveys can be still considered for GP research. The use of mixed-mode approaches is probably a good strategy to increase GPs’ participation in surveys while reducing costs. PMID:28330830

  5. Rates, Delays, and Completeness of General Practitioners' Responses to a Postal Versus Web-Based Survey: A Randomized Trial.

    PubMed

    Sebo, Paul; Maisonneuve, Hubert; Cerutti, Bernard; Fournier, Jean Pascal; Senn, Nicolas; Haller, Dagmar M

    2017-03-22

    Web-based surveys have become a new and popular method for collecting data, but only a few studies have directly compared postal and Web-based surveys among physicians, and none to our knowledge among general practitioners (GPs). Our aim is to compare two modes of survey delivery (postal and Web-based) in terms of participation rates, response times, and completeness of questionnaires in a study assessing GPs' preventive practices. This randomized study was conducted in Western Switzerland (Geneva and Vaud) and in France (Alsace and Pays de la Loire) in 2015. A random selection of community-based GPs (1000 GPs in Switzerland and 2400 GPs in France) were randomly allocated to receive a questionnaire about preventive care activities either by post (n=700 in Switzerland, n=400 in France) or by email (n=300 in Switzerland, n=2000 in France). Reminder messages were sent once in the postal group and twice in the Web-based group. Any GPs practicing only complementary and alternative medicine were excluded from the study. Among the 3400 contacted GPs, 764 (22.47%, 95% CI 21.07%-23.87%) returned the questionnaire. Compared to the postal group, the participation rate in the Web-based group was more than four times lower (246/2300, 10.70% vs 518/1100, 47.09%, P<.001), but median response time was much shorter (1 day vs 1-3 weeks, P<.001) and the number of GPs having fully completed the questionnaire was almost twice as high (157/246, 63.8% vs 179/518, 34.6%, P<.001). Web-based surveys offer many advantages such as reduced response time, higher completeness of data, and large cost savings, but our findings suggest that postal surveys can be still considered for GP research. The use of mixed-mode approaches is probably a good strategy to increase GPs' participation in surveys while reducing costs. ©Paul Sebo, Hubert Maisonneuve, Bernard Cerutti, Jean Pascal Fournier, Nicolas Senn, Dagmar M Haller. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http

  6. 39 CFR 501.2 - Postage Evidencing System provider authorization.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... MANUFACTURE AND DISTRIBUTE POSTAGE EVIDENCING SYSTEMS § 501.2 Postage Evidencing System provider authorization... approval of the Postal Service: (1) Producing or distributing any Postage Evidencing System that generates... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Postage Evidencing System provider authorization...

  7. Comparison of dosimetric and radiobiological parameters on plans for prostate stereotactic body radiotherapy using an endorectal balloon for different dose-calculation algorithms and delivery-beam modes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kang, Sang-Won; Suh, Tae-Suk; Chung, Jin-Beom; Eom, Keun-Yong; Song, Changhoon; Kim, In-Ah; Kim, Jae-Sung; Lee, Jeong-Woo; Cho, Woong

    2017-02-01

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dosimetric and radiobiological parameters on treatment plans by using different dose-calculation algorithms and delivery-beam modes for prostate stereotactic body radiation therapy using an endorectal balloon. For 20 patients with prostate cancer, stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) plans were generated by using a 10-MV photon beam with flattening filter (FF) and flattening-filter-free (FFF) modes. The total treatment dose prescribed was 42.7 Gy in 7 fractions to cover at least 95% of the planning target volume (PTV) with 95% of the prescribed dose. The dose computation was initially performed using an anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) in the Eclipse treatment planning system (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) and was then re-calculated using Acuros XB (AXB V. 11.0.34) with the same monitor units and multileaf collimator files. The dosimetric and the radiobiological parameters for the PTV and organs at risk (OARs) were analyzed from the dose-volume histogram. An obvious difference in dosimetric parameters between the AAA and the AXB plans was observed in the PTV and rectum. Doses to the PTV, excluding the maximum dose, were always higher in the AAA plans than in the AXB plans. However, doses to the other OARs were similar in both algorithm plans. In addition, no difference was observed in the dosimetric parameters for different delivery-beam modes when using the same algorithm to generate plans. As a result of the dosimetric parameters, the radiobiological parameters for the two algorithm plans presented an apparent difference in the PTV and the rectum. The average tumor control probability of the AAA plans was higher than that of the AXB plans. The average normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) to rectum was lower in the AXB plans than in the AAA plans. The AAA and the AXB plans yielded very similar NTCPs for the other OARs. In plans using the same algorithms, the NTCPs for delivery

  8. A dosimetric phantom study of thoracic radiotherapy based on three-dimensional modeling of mediastinal lymph nodes

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Ji-Bin; Zhao, Li-Rong; Cui, Tian-Xiang; Chen, Xie-Wan; Yang, Qiao; Zhou, Yi-Bing; Chen, Zheng-Tang; Zhang, Shao-Xiang; Sun, Jian-Guo

    2018-01-01

    The aim of the present study was to investigate the optimal strategy and dosimetric measurement of thoracic radiotherapy based on three-dimensional (3D) modeling of mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs). A 3D model of MLNs was constructed from a Chinese Visible Human female dataset. Image registration and fusion between reconstructed MLNs and original chest computed tomography (CT) images was conducted in the Eclipse™ treatment planning system (TPS). There were three plans, including 3D conformal radiotherapy (3D-CRT), intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), which were designed based on 10 cases of simulated lung lesions (SLLs) and MLNs. The quality of these plans was evaluated via examining indexes, including conformity index (CI), homogeneity index and clinical target volume (CTV) coverage. Dose-volume histogram analysis was performed on SLL, MLNs and organs at risk (OARs). A Chengdu Dosimetric Phantom (CDP) was then drilled at specific MLNs according to 20 patients with thoracic tumors and of a medium-build. These plans were repeated on fused MLNs and CDP CT images in the Eclipse™ TPS. Radiation doses at the SLLs and MLNs of the CDP were measured and compared with calculated doses. The established 3D MLN model demonstrated the spatial location of MLNs and adjacent structures. Precise image registration and fusion were conducted between reconstructed MLNs and the original chest CT or CDP CT images. IMRT demonstrated greater values in CI, CTV coverage and OAR (lungs and spinal cord) protection, compared with 3D-CRT and VMAT (P<0.05). The deviation between the measured and calculated doses was within ± 10% at SLL, and at the 2R and 7th MLN stations. In conclusion, the 3D MLN model can benefit plan optimization and dosimetric measurement of thoracic radiotherapy, and when combined with CDP, it may provide a tool for clinical dosimetric monitoring. PMID:29556300

  9. Basic Principles and Practices of Integrated Dosimetric Passportization of the Settlements in Ukraine.

    PubMed

    Likhtarov, I A; Kovgan, L M; Masiuk, S V; Ivanova, O M; Chepurny, M I; Boyko, Z N; Gerasymenko, V B

    2015-12-01

    The purpose of the review is to demonstrate the results of dosimetric passportization (performed in 1991-2014) for the settlements of Ukraine which suffered from radioactive contamination caused by the Chornobyl accident. The dosimetric passportization played a key role in the National program on the liquidation of aftermath of the Chornobyl accident directed on recovery through all stages of the current radiation situation control and decision support touching upon various types of interventions and social benefits to the population of radioactively contaminated areas. The works being performed under dosimetric passportization did not have analogues among the researches which took place after other large-scale industrial and municipal accidents as well their scales as the duration of both radio-ecological and dosimetric monitoring.The new methodological approaches to the assessment of so-called passport doses of a settlement as well as to the definition of the concept of annual dose being the dose used to make decisions for providing both direct and indirect emergency countermeasures for the settlements of Ukraine became pioneering ones. During all the post-accident period there were issued sixteen collections of general dosimetric passportization data which accumulate the results of hundreds of thousands spectrometric, radiochemical and radiation levels measurements and WBC measurements carried out in 1991-2014.The annual passport doses calculated on the basis of these measurements (including their components) are unique information that quantifies the level and time dynamics of the radiation situation for each of the 2161 settlements of 74 raions in 12 oblasts during all the post-accident period. Thanks to the works of dosimetric passportization of the settlements of Ukraine there were created databases to be unique in their structure and content with quantitative characteristics of the territorial and temporal distribution, the dynamics of changes of a number

  10. Study of the Phototransference in GR-200 Dosimetric Material and its Convenience for Dose Re-estimation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Baly, L.; Otazo, M. R.; Molina, D.

    2006-09-08

    A study of the phototransference of charges from deep to dosimetric traps in GR-200 material is presented and its convenience for dose re-estimation in the dose range between 2 and 100mSv is also analyzed. The recovering coefficient (RC) defined as the ratio between the phototransferred thermoluminescence (PTTL) and the original thermoluminescence (TL) of the dosimetric trap was used to evaluate the ratio of phototransferred charges from deep traps and the original charges in the dosimetric traps. The results show the convenience of this method for dose re-estimation for this material in the selected range of doses.

  11. 39 CFR 501.11 - Reporting Postage Evidencing System security weaknesses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... postal administration; or has been submitted for approval by the provider to the Postal Service or other foreign postal administration(s). (2) All potential security weaknesses or methods of tampering with the... security breaches of the Computerized Meter Resetting System (CMRS) or databases housing confidential...

  12. 39 CFR 501.11 - Reporting Postage Evidencing System security weaknesses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... postal administration; or has been submitted for approval by the provider to the Postal Service or other foreign postal administration(s). (2) All potential security weaknesses or methods of tampering with the... security breaches of the Computerized Meter Resetting System (CMRS) or databases housing confidential...

  13. Dosimetric properties of dysprosium doped calcium magnesium borate glass subjected to Co-60 gamma ray

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Omar, R. S., E-mail: ratnasuffhiyanni@gmail.com; Wagiran, H., E-mail: husin@utm.my; Saeed, M. A.

    Thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetric properties of dysprosium doped calcium magnesium borate (CMB:Dy) glass are presented. This study is deemed to understand the application of calcium as the modifier in magnesium borate glass with the presence of dysprosium as the activator to be performed as TL dosimeter (TLD). The study provides fundamental knowledge of a glass system that may lead to perform new TL glass dosimetry application in future research. Calcium magnesium borate glass systems of (70-y) B{sub 2}O{sub 3} − 20 CaO – 10 MgO-(y) Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} with 0.05  mol % ≤ y ≤ 0.7  mol % of dyprosium weremore » prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous structure and TL properties of the prepared samples were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TL reader; model Harshaw 4500 respectively. The samples were irradiated to Co-60 gamma source at a dose of 50 Gy. Dosimetric properties such as annealing procedure, time temperature profile (TTP) setting, optimization of Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration of 0.5 mol % were determined for thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) reader used.« less

  14. First biological and dosimetric results of the free flyer biostack experiment AO015 on LDEF

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Reitz, G.; Buecker, H.; Facius, R.; Horneck, G.; Schaeffer, M.; Schott, J. U.; Bayonove, J.; Beaujean, R.; Benton, E. V.; Delpoux, M.

    1991-01-01

    The main objectives of the Biostack Experiment are to study the effectiveness of the structured components of the cosmic radiation to bacterial spores, plant seeds, and animal cysts for a long duration spaceflight and to get dosimetric data such as particle fluences and spectra and total doses for the Long Duration Exposure Facility orbit. The configuration of the experiment packages allows the localization of the trajectory of the particles in each biological layer and to correlate the potential biological impairment or injury with the physical characteristics of the responsible particle. Although the Biostack Experiment was designed for a long duration flight of only nine months, most of the biological systems show a high hatching or germination rate. Some of the first observations are an increase of the mutation rate of embryonic lethals in the second generation of Arabidopsis seeds, somatic mutations, and a reduction of growth rates of corn plants and a reduction of life span of Artemia salina shrimps. The different passive detector systems are also in a good shape and give access to a proper dosimetric analysis. The results are summarized, and some aspects of future analysis are shown.

  15. Dosimetric effects of rotational offsets in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Yang, Yun; Catalano, Suzanne; Kelsey, Chris R.

    2014-04-01

    To quantitatively evaluate dosimetric effects of rotational offsets in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) for lung cancer. Overall, 11 lung SBRT patients (8 female and 3 male; mean age: 75.0 years) with medially located tumors were included. Treatment plans with simulated rotational offsets of 1°, 3°, and 5° in roll, yaw, and pitch were generated and compared with the original plans. Both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations were investigated. The following dosimetric metrics were quantitatively evaluated: planning target volume coverage (PTV V{sub 100%}), max PTV dose (PTV D{sub max}), percentage prescription dose to 0.35 cc of cord (cord D{sub 0.35} {submore » cc}), percentage prescription dose to 0.35 cc and 5 cc of esophagus (esophagus D{sub 0.35} {sub cc} and D{sub 5} {sub cc}), and volume of the lungs receiving at least 20 Gy (lung V{sub 20}). Statistical significance was tested using Wilcoxon signed rank test at the significance level of 0.05. Overall, small differences were found in all dosimetric matrices at all rotational offsets: 95.6% of differences were < 1% or < 1 Gy. Of all rotational offsets, largest change in PTV V{sub 100%}, PTV D{sub max}, cord D{sub 0.35} {sub cc}, esophagus D{sub 0.35} {sub cc}, esophagus D{sub 5} {sub cc}, and lung V{sub 20} was − 8.36%, − 6.06%, 11.96%, 8.66%, 6.02%, and − 0.69%, respectively. No significant correlation was found between any dosimetric change and tumor-to-cord/esophagus distances (R{sup 2} range: 0 to 0.44). Larger dosimetric changes and intersubject variations were observed at larger rotational offsets. Small dosimetric differences were found owing to rotational offsets up to 5° in lung SBRT for medially located tumors. Larger intersubject variations were observed at larger rotational offsets.« less

  16. 5 CFR 875.201 - Am I eligible as a Federal civilian or Postal employee?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Postal employee whose current position conveys eligibility for Federal Employees Health Benefits under..., regardless of whether you are eligible for Federal Employees Health Benefits coverage. There is a related... Federal Employees Health Benefits coverage. (3) If you are a Non-Appropriated Fund (NAF) employee or...

  17. Dosimetric comparison between model 9011 and 6711 sources in prostate implants

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, Hualin, E-mail: zhang248@iupui.edu; Arizona Oncology Services, Phoenix, AZ; Beyer, David

    2013-07-01

    The purpose of this work is to evaluate the model 9011 iodine-125 ({sup 125}I) in prostate implants by comparing dosimetric coverage provided by the 6711 vs 9011 source implants. Postimplant dosimetry was performed in 18 consecutively implanted patients with prostate cancer. Two were implanted with the 9011 source and 16 with the 6711 source. For purposes of comparison, each implant was then recalculated assuming use of the other source. The same commercially available planning system was used and the specific source data for both 6711 and 9011 products were entered. The results of these calculations are compared side by sidemore » in the terms of the isodose values covering 100% (D100) and 90% (D90) of prostate volume, and the percentages of volumes of prostate, bladder, rectum, and urethra covered by 200% (V200), 150% (V150), 100% (V100), 50% (V50), and 20% (V20) of the prescribed dose as well. The 6711 source data overestimate coverage by 6.4% (ranging from 4.9% to 6.9%; median 6.6%) at D100 and by 6.6% (ranging from 6.2% to 6.8%; median 6.6%) at D90 compared with actual 9011 data. Greater discrepancies of up to 67% are seen at higher dose levels: average reduction for V100 is 2.7% (ranging from 0.6% to 7.7%; median 2.3%), for V150 is 14.6% (ranging from 6.1% to 20.5%; median 15.3%), for V200 is 14.9% (ranging from 4.8% to 19.1%; median 16%); similarly seen in bladder, rectal, and urethral coverage. This work demonstrates a clear difference in dosimetric behavior between the 9011 and 6711 sources. Using the 6711 source data for 9011 source implants would create a pronounced error in dose calculation. This study provides evidence that the 9011 source can provide the same dosimetric quality as the 6711 source, if properly used; however, the 6711 source data should not be considered as a surrogate for the 9011 source implants.« less

  18. Dosimetric effects of endorectal balloons on intensity-modulated radiation therapy plans for prostate cancer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Jae-Sung; Chung, Jin-Beom; Kim, In-Ah; Eom, Keun-Yong

    2013-10-01

    We used an endorectal balloon (ERB) for prostate immobilization during intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for prostate cancer treatment. To investigate the dosimetric effects of ERB-filling materials, we changed the ERB Hounsfield unit (HU) from 0 to 1000 HU in 200-HU intervals to simulate the various ERB fillings; 0 HU simulated a water-filled ERB, and 1000 HU simulated the densest material-filled ERB. Dosimetric data (coverage, homogeneity, conformity, maximal dose, and typical volume dose) for the tumor and the organs at risk (OARs) were evaluated in prostate IMRT treatment plans with 6-MV and 15-MV beams. The tumor coverage appeared to differ by approximately 1%, except for the clinical target volume (CTV) V100% and the planning target volume (PTV) V100%. The largest difference for the various ERB fillings was observed in the PTV V100%. In spite of increasing HU, the prostate IMRT plans at both energies had relatively low dosimetric effects on the PTV and the CTV. However, the maximal and the typical volume doses (D25%, D30%, and D50%) to the rectal wall and the bladder increased with increasing HU. For an air-filled ERB, the maximal doses to the rectal wall and the monitor units were lower than the corresponding values for the water-filled and the densest material-filled ERBs. An air-filled ERB spared the rectal wall because of its dosimetric effect. Thus, we conclude that the use of an air-filled ERB provides a dosimetric benefit to the rectal wall without a loss of target coverage and is an effective option for prostate IMRT treatment.

  19. Fuel Cells Provide Reliable Power to U.S. Postal Service Facility in Anchorage, Alaska

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Parker, Steven

    2003-01-01

    Working together, the U.S. Postal Service (USPS) and Chugach Electric Association, partnering with the Department of Defense (DOD), Department of Energy (DOE), US Army Corps of Engineers Construction Engineering Research Laboratories (USA CERL), Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), and National Rural Electric Cooperative Association (NRECA), developed and installed one of the largest fuel cell installations in the world. The one-megawatt fuel cell combined heat and power plant sits behind the Anchorage U.S. Postal Service Mail Processing and Distribution Facility. Chugach Electric owns, operates, and maintains the fuel cell power plant, which provides clean, reliable power to the USPS facility. Inmore » addition, heat recovered from the fuel cells, in the form of hot water, is used to heat the USPS Mail Processing and Distribution Facility. By taking a leadership role, the USPS will save over $800,000 in electricity and natural gas costs over the 5 1/2-year contract term with Chugach Electric.« less

  20. The spectral applications of Beer-Lambert law for some biological and dosimetric materials

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Içelli, Orhan; Yalçin, Zeynel; Karakaya, Vatan; Ilgaz, Işıl P.

    2014-08-01

    The aim of this study is to conduct quantitative and qualitative analysis of biological and dosimetric materials which contain organic and inorganic materials and to make the determination by using the spectral theorem Beer-Lambert law. Beer-Lambert law is a system of linear equations for the spectral theory. It is possible to solve linear equations with a non-zero coefficient matrix determinant forming linear equations. Characteristic matrix of the linear equation with zero determinant is called point spectrum at the spectral theory.

  1. 39 CFR 3050.23 - Documentation supporting incremental cost estimates in the Postal Service's section 3652 report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... incremental cost model shall be reported. ... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Documentation supporting incremental cost... REGULATORY COMMISSION PERSONNEL PERIODIC REPORTING § 3050.23 Documentation supporting incremental cost...

  2. The effectiveness of computer reminders versus postal reminders for improving quality assessment for point-of-care testing in primary care: a randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Siersma, Volkert; Kousgaard, Marius Brostrøm; Reventlow, Susanne; Ertmann, Ruth; Felding, Peter; Waldorff, Frans Boch

    2015-02-01

    This study aimed to evaluate the relative effectiveness of electronic and postal reminders for increasing adherence to the quality assurance programme for the international normalized ratio (INR) point-of-care testing (POCT) device in primary care. All 213 family practices that use the Elective Laboratory of the Capital Region, Denmark, and regularly conduct INR POCT were randomly allocated into two similarly sized groups. During the 4-month intervention, these practices were sent either computer reminders (ComRem) or computer-generated postal reminders (Postal) if they did not perform a split test to check the quality of their INR POCT for each calendar month. The adherence of the practices was tracked during the subsequent 8 months subdivided into two 4-month periods both without intervention. Outcomes were measures of split test procedure adherence. Both interventions were associated with an increase in adherence to the split test procedure - a factor 6.00 [95% confidence interval (CI) 4.46-7.72] and 8.22 [95% CI 5.87-11.52] for ComRem and Postal, respectively - but there is no evidence that one of the interventions was more effective than the other. In the ComRem group, the expected number of split tests (out of four) was 2.54 (95% CI 2.33-2.76) versus 2.44 (95% CI 2.24-2.65) in the Postal group, P = 0.14. There was a slight decrease in adherence over the two follow-ups, but neither intervention was better than the other in achieving a lasting improvement in adherence. Computer reminders are as efficient as postal reminders in increasing adherence to a quality assurance programme for the INR POCT device in primary care. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  3. A comparison of data quality and practicality of online versus postal questionnaires in a sample of testicular cancer survivors.

    PubMed

    Smith, Allan Ben; King, Madeleine; Butow, Phyllis; Olver, Ian

    2013-01-01

    We aimed to compare data quality from online and postal questionnaires and to evaluate the practicality of these different questionnaire modes in a cancer sample. Participants in a study investigating the psychosocial sequelae of testicular cancer could choose to complete a postal or online version of the study questionnaire. Data quality was evaluated by assessing sources of nonobservational errors such as participant nonresponse, item nonresponse and sampling bias. Time taken and number of reminders required for questionnaire return were used as indicators of practicality. Participant nonresponse was significantly higher among participants who chose the postal questionnaire. The proportion of questionnaires with missing items and the mean number of missing items did not differ significantly by mode. A significantly larger proportion of tertiary-educated participants and managers/professionals completed the online questionnaire. There were no significant differences in age, relationship status, employment status, country of birth or language spoken by completion mode. Compared with postal questionnaires, online questionnaires were returned significantly more quickly and required significantly fewer reminders. These results demonstrate that online questionnaire completion can be offered in a cancer sample without compromising data quality. In fact, data quality from online questionnaires may be superior due to lower rates of participant nonresponse. Investigators should be aware of potential sampling bias created by more highly educated participants and managers/professionals choosing to complete online questionnaires. Besides this issue, online questionnaires offer an efficient method for collecting high-quality data, with faster return and fewer reminders. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. Factors influencing the response to postal questionnaire surveys about respiratory symptoms.

    PubMed

    Hazell, Michelle L; Morris, Julie A; Linehan, Mary F; Frank, Peter I; Frank, Timothy L

    2009-09-01

    Response rates to postal questionnaires have been falling in recent years. To examine factors affecting the response to five postal respiratory questionnaire surveys. Cross sectional study. General practice. Five surveys were conducted in all adults registered with two UK general practices using an ECRHQ-based questionnaire, with two reminders at 4-week intervals. Response rates declined over time (1993 - 71.2%; 1995 - 70.5%; 1999 - 65.5%; 2001 - 65.3%; 2004 - 46.9%). Age and gender of non-responders were available for 2001 and 2004: responders were older (mean 48.8 years vs 37.6, p<0.001; 50.5 vs 38.8, p<0.001) and more likely to be female (54.9% vs 44.9%, p<0.001; 55.3% vs 48.5%, p<0.001). The response rate was increased by 18% (2004) and 23% (2001) by the use of two reminders. Early responders were older and more likely to be females, but were less likely to smoke than late responders after reminders. There was no important association between respiratory symptoms and associated feature prevalence and stage of response. Declining response rates may represent reduced motivation and reluctance to share personal information. Qualitative exploration of late/non-response could help reduce bias when planning and analysing such surveys. The use of two reminders is an important factor in improving response.

  5. DOSIMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF GAMMA-TRON-2 (in Russian)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Krongauz, A.N.; Pavlova, T.G.; Frolova, A.V.

    1963-01-01

    Dosimetric characteristics of the Gammatron-2 during operation in a static regimen are presented. The air dose and the distribution of doses along the central ray of the beam and on the sides were determined. The protective properties of Gammatron-2 were studied. On the basis of the measurements, charts of isodoses were elaborated. (P.C.H.)

  6. High-resolution digital dosimetric system for spatial characterization of radiation fields using a thermoluminescent CaF2:Dy crystal

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Atari, N.A.; Svensson, G.K.

    1986-05-01

    A high-resolution digital dosimetric system has been developed for the spatial characterization of radiation fields. The system comprises the following: 0.5-mm-thick, 25-mm-diam CaF2:Dy thermoluminescent crystal; intensified charge coupled device video camera; video cassette recorder; and a computerized image processing subsystem. The optically flat single crystal is used as a radiation imaging device and the subsequent thermally stimulated phosphorescence is viewed by the intensified camera for further processing and analysis. Parameters governing the performance characteristics of the system were measured. A spatial resolution limit of 31 +/- 2 microns (1 sigma) corresponding to 16 +/- 1 line pairs/mm measured at themore » 4% level of the modulation transfer function has been achieved. The full width at half maximum of the line spread function measured independently by the slit method or derived from the edge response function was found to be 69 +/- 4 microns (1 sigma). The high resolving power, speed of readout, good precision, wide dynamic range, and the large image storage capacity make the system suitable for the digital mapping of the relative distribution of absorbed doses for various small radiation fields and the edges of larger fields.« less

  7. Performance analysis of a film dosimetric quality assurance procedure for IMRT with regard to the employment of quantitative evaluation methods.

    PubMed

    Winkler, Peter; Zurl, Brigitte; Guss, Helmuth; Kindl, Peter; Stuecklschweiger, Georg

    2005-02-21

    A system for dosimetric verification of intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment plans using absolute calibrated radiographic films is presented. At our institution this verification procedure is performed for all IMRT treatment plans prior to patient irradiation. Therefore clinical treatment plans are transferred to a phantom and recalculated. Composite treatment plans are irradiated to a single film. Film density to absolute dose conversion is performed automatically based on a single calibration film. A software application encompassing film calibration, 2D registration of measurement and calculated distributions, image fusion, and a number of visual and quantitative evaluation utilities was developed. The main topic of this paper is a performance analysis for this quality assurance procedure, with regard to the specification of tolerance levels for quantitative evaluations. Spatial and dosimetric precision and accuracy were determined for the entire procedure, comprising all possible sources of error. The overall dosimetric and spatial measurement uncertainties obtained thereby were 1.9% and 0.8 mm respectively. Based on these results, we specified 5% dose difference and 3 mm distance-to-agreement as our tolerance levels for patient-specific quality assurance for IMRT treatments.

  8. Dosimetric quality control of Eclipse treatment planning system using pelvic digital test object

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Benhdech, Yassine; Beaumont, Stéphane; Guédon, Jeanpierre; Crespin, Sylvain

    2011-03-01

    Last year, we demonstrated the feasibility of a new method to perform dosimetric quality control of Treatment Planning Systems in radiotherapy, this method is based on Monte-Carlo simulations and uses anatomical Digital Test Objects (DTOs). The pelvic DTO was used in order to assess this new method on an ECLIPSE VARIAN Treatment Planning System. Large dose variations were observed particularly in air and bone equivalent material. In this current work, we discuss the results of the previous paper and provide an explanation for observed dose differences, the VARIAN Eclipse (Anisotropic Analytical) algorithm was investigated. Monte Carlo simulations (MC) were performed with a PENELOPE code version 2003. To increase efficiency of MC simulations, we have used our parallelized version based on the standard MPI (Message Passing Interface). The parallel code has been run on a 32- processor SGI cluster. The study was carried out using pelvic DTOs and was performed for low- and high-energy photon beams (6 and 18MV) on 2100CD VARIAN linear accelerator. A square field (10x10 cm2) was used. Assuming the MC data as reference, χ index analyze was carried out. For this study, a distance to agreement (DTA) was set to 7mm while the dose difference was set to 5% as recommended in the TRS-430 and TG-53 (on the beam axis in 3-D inhomogeneities). When using Monte Carlo PENELOPE, the absorbed dose is computed to the medium, however the TPS computes dose to water. We have used the method described by Siebers et al. based on Bragg-Gray cavity theory to convert MC simulated dose to medium to dose to water. Results show a strong consistency between ECLIPSE and MC calculations on the beam axis.

  9. Dosimetric property of mineral extracted from calamari and exposed to gamma rays

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cruz-Zaragoza, E.; Roman-Lopez, J.; Cruz, L. Pérez; Furetta, C.; Chiaravalle, E.; Mangiacotti, M.; Marchesani, G.

    2013-07-01

    Dosimetric property of polymineral fraction, quartz mainly, obtained from calamari was investigated. The commercial calamari samples from China and Sud Africa were collected in the markets of Italy. All polymineral debris were extracted and isolated from the whole body of calamari. The surface of the polymineral samples was analyzed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and their chemical composition was determined using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The polymineral was exposed to gamma rays (60Co) at different doses (0.5-80 Gy) to determine dosimetric property. Thermoluminescent (TL) glow curves showed two peaks centered at around 98-100 °C and 128-138 °C temperature range. The glow curves have been analyzed by using a deconvolution program. A linear dose response between 0.5 to 20 Gy was observed. The TL response of the samples as a function of the time storage, fading, presented a reduction of about 36-40 % at the end of 24 h. The reproducibility of the TL response after ten cycles of irradiation-readout showed an acceptable standard deviation in dosimetry. The polimineral fraction obtained from calamari shows an interesting dosimetric property and it may be useful for dosimetry in gamma radiation field.

  10. Inclusion of dosimetric data as covariates in toxicity-related radiogenomic studies : A systematic review.

    PubMed

    Yahya, Noorazrul; Chua, Xin-Jane; Manan, Hanani A; Ismail, Fuad

    2018-05-17

    This systematic review evaluates the completeness of dosimetric features and their inclusion as covariates in genetic-toxicity association studies. Original research studies associating genetic features and normal tissue complications following radiotherapy were identified from PubMed. The use of dosimetric data was determined by mining the statement of prescription dose, dose fractionation, target volume selection or arrangement and dose distribution. The consideration of the dosimetric data as covariates was based on the statement mentioned in the statistical analysis section. The significance of these covariates was extracted from the results section. Descriptive analyses were performed to determine their completeness and inclusion as covariates. A total of 174 studies were found to satisfy the inclusion criteria. Studies published ≥2010 showed increased use of dose distribution information (p = 0.07). 33% of studies did not include any dose features in the analysis of gene-toxicity associations. Only 29% included dose distribution features as covariates and reported the results. 59% of studies which included dose distribution features found significant associations to toxicity. A large proportion of studies on the correlation of genetic markers with radiotherapy-related side effects considered no dosimetric parameters. Significance of dose distribution features was found in more than half of the studies including these features, emphasizing their importance. Completeness of radiation-specific clinical data may have increased in recent years which may improve gene-toxicity association studies.

  11. Dosimetric evaluation of a Monte Carlo IMRT treatment planning system incorporating the MIMiC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rassiah-Szegedi, P.; Fuss, M.; Sheikh-Bagheri, D.; Szegedi, M.; Stathakis, S.; Lancaster, J.; Papanikolaou, N.; Salter, B.

    2007-12-01

    The high dose per fraction delivered to lung lesions in stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) demands high dose calculation and delivery accuracy. The inhomogeneous density in the thoracic region along with the small fields used typically in intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) treatments poses a challenge in the accuracy of dose calculation. In this study we dosimetrically evaluated a pre-release version of a Monte Carlo planning system (PEREGRINE 1.6b, NOMOS Corp., Cranberry Township, PA), which incorporates the modeling of serial tomotherapy IMRT treatments with the binary multileaf intensity modulating collimator (MIMiC). The aim of this study is to show the validation process of PEREGRINE 1.6b since it was used as a benchmark to investigate the accuracy of doses calculated by a finite size pencil beam (FSPB) algorithm for lung lesions treated on the SBRT dose regime via serial tomotherapy in our previous study. Doses calculated by PEREGRINE were compared against measurements in homogeneous and inhomogeneous materials carried out on a Varian 600C with a 6 MV photon beam. Phantom studies simulating various sized lesions were also carried out to explain some of the large dose discrepancies seen in the dose calculations with small lesions. Doses calculated by PEREGRINE agreed to within 2% in water and up to 3% for measurements in an inhomogeneous phantom containing lung, bone and unit density tissue.

  12. Geometric and dosimetric evaluations of atlas-based segmentation methods of MR images in the head and neck region.

    PubMed

    Kieselmann, Jennifer Petra; Kamerling, Cornelis Philippus; Burgos, Ninon; Menten, Martin J; Fuller, Clifton David; Nill, Simeon; Cardoso, M Jorge; Oelfke, Uwe

    2018-06-08

    Owing to its excellent soft-tissue contrast, magnetic resonance (MR) imaging has found an increased application in radiation therapy (RT). Harnessing these properties for treatment planning, automated segmentation methods can alleviate the manual workload burden to the clinical workflow. We investigated atlas-based segmentation methods of organs at risk (OARs) in the head and neck (H&N) region: one approach selecting the most similar atlas from a library of segmented images and two multi-atlas approaches. The latter were based on weighted majority voting and an iterative atlas-fusion approach called STEPS. We built the atlas library from pre-treatment T1-weighted MR images of 12 patients with manual contours of the parotids, spinal cord and mandible, delineated by a clinician. Following a leave-one-out cross-validation strategy, we measured geometric accuracy calculating Dice similarity coefficients (DSC), standard and 95% Hausdorff distances (HD and HD95), as well as the mean surface distance (MSD), whereby the manual contours served as the gold standard. To benchmark the algorithm, we determined the inter-expert variability (IEV) between three experts. To investigate the dosimetric effect of segmentation inaccuracies, we implemented an auto-planning strategy within the treatment planning system Monaco (Elekta AB, Stockholm, Sweden). For each set of auto-segmented volumes of interest (VOIs), we generated a plan for a 9-beam step and shoot intensity modulated RT treatment, designed according to our institution's clinical H\\&N protocol. Superimposing the dose distributions on the gold standard VOIs, we calculated dose differences to OARs caused by contouring differences between auto-segmented and gold standard VOIs. We investigated the correlation between geometric and dosimetric differences. The mean DSC was larger than 0.8 and the mean MSD smaller than 2mm for the multi-atlas approaches, resulting in a geometric

  13. Use of Information Technology for Management of U.S. Postal Service Facilities.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1996-05-01

    change closeout status, request for proposal log) Projected income and expenses of a U.S. Postal Service facility Direct capitalization model Tax...Unclassified 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT Unclassified 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 107 16. PRICE CODE 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UL NSN 7540-01...time and at the right price is a huge and complex job. In any one year, the USPS Facilities organization may acquire more than 100 sites, plan

  14. Investigating Respondents and Nonrespondents of a Postal Breast Cancer Questionnaire Survey Regarding Differences in Age, Medical Conditions, and Therapy.

    PubMed

    Frobeen, Anna L; Kowalski, Christoph; Weiß, Verena; Pfaff, Holger

    2016-04-01

    Collecting patient-reported data via postal questionnaires is a common and frequently used technique. Selection bias may occur through lost data from nonrespondents. This study investigated differences in characteristics between respondents and nonrespondents of a postal breast cancer survey. The investigation was based on a cross-sectional postal questionnaire survey for the mandatory annual routine (re-)certification of accredited breast centers in North Rhine-Westphalia in 2010. Out of 4,444 patients meeting the inclusion criteria who gave their consent to participate, 3,856 respondents sent back a questionnaire and 588 nonrespondents did not. Using logistic regression, differences between respondents and nonrespondents regarding information gathered through hospital staff concerning age, affected breast, UICC (Union for International Cancer Control) staging and grading, ASA (American Society of Anesthesiologists) classification, neoadjuvant chemotherapy, and type of surgery were assessed. Very young and very old patients sent back their questionnaire significantly less frequently, as did patients who showed a later cancer stage and poorer general health and those who underwent mastectomy. Differences exist between respondents and nonrespondents with regard to age, disease, and therapy characteristics that need to be considered for the interpretation and generalizability of survey results due to selection bias.

  15. Patient-specific dosimetric endpoints based treatment plan quality control in radiotherapy.

    PubMed

    Song, Ting; Staub, David; Chen, Mingli; Lu, Weiguo; Tian, Zhen; Jia, Xun; Li, Yongbao; Zhou, Linghong; Jiang, Steve B; Gu, Xuejun

    2015-11-07

    In intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT), the optimal plan for each patient is specific due to unique patient anatomy. To achieve such a plan, patient-specific dosimetric goals reflecting each patient's unique anatomy should be defined and adopted in the treatment planning procedure for plan quality control. This study is to develop such a personalized treatment plan quality control tool by predicting patient-specific dosimetric endpoints (DEs). The incorporation of patient specific DEs is realized by a multi-OAR geometry-dosimetry model, capable of predicting optimal DEs based on the individual patient's geometry. The overall quality of a treatment plan is then judged with a numerical treatment plan quality indicator and characterized as optimal or suboptimal. Taking advantage of clinically available prostate volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) treatment plans, we built and evaluated our proposed plan quality control tool. Using our developed tool, six of twenty evaluated plans were identified as sub-optimal plans. After plan re-optimization, these suboptimal plans achieved better OAR dose sparing without sacrificing the PTV coverage, and the dosimetric endpoints of the re-optimized plans agreed well with the model predicted values, which validate the predictability of the proposed tool. In conclusion, the developed tool is able to accurately predict optimally achievable DEs of multiple OARs, identify suboptimal plans, and guide plan optimization. It is a useful tool for achieving patient-specific treatment plan quality control.

  16. Dosimetric calculations for uranium miners for epidemiological studies.

    PubMed

    Marsh, J W; Blanchardon, E; Gregoratto, D; Hofmann, W; Karcher, K; Nosske, D; Tomásek, L

    2012-05-01

    Epidemiological studies on uranium miners are being carried out to quantify the risk of cancer based on organ dose calculations. Mathematical models have been applied to calculate the annual absorbed doses to regions of the lung, red bone marrow, liver, kidney and stomach for each individual miner arising from exposure to radon gas, radon progeny and long-lived radionuclides (LLR) present in the uranium ore dust and to external gamma radiation. The methodology and dosimetric models used to calculate these organ doses are described and the resulting doses for unit exposure to each source (radon gas, radon progeny and LLR) are presented. The results of dosimetric calculations for a typical German miner are also given. For this miner, the absorbed dose to the central regions of the lung is dominated by the dose arising from exposure to radon progeny, whereas the absorbed dose to the red bone marrow is dominated by the external gamma dose. The uncertainties in the absorbed dose to regions of the lung arising from unit exposure to radon progeny are also discussed. These dose estimates are being used in epidemiological studies of cancer in uranium miners.

  17. SU-F-E-06: Dosimetric Characterization of Small Photons Beams of a Novel Linear Accelerator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Almonte, A; Polanco, G; Sanchez, E

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: The aim of the present contribution was to measure the main dosimetric quantities of small fields produced by UNIQUE and evaluate its matching with the corresponding dosimetric data of one 21EX conventional linear accelerator (Varian) in operation at the same center. The second step was to evaluate comparative performance of the EDGE diode detector and the PinPoint micro-ionization chamber for dosimetry of small fields. Methods: UNIQUE is configured with MLC (120 leaves with 0.5 cm leaf width) and a single low photon energy of 6 MV. Beam data were measured with scanning EDGE diode detector (volume of 0.019 mm{supmore » 3}), a PinPoint micro-ionization chamber (PTW) and for larger fields (≥ 4×4cm{sup 2}) a PTW Semi flex chamber (0.125 cm{sup 3}) was used. The scanning system used was the 3D cylindrical tank manufactured by Sun Nuclear, Inc. The measurement of PDD and profiles were done at 100 cm SSD and 1.5 depth; the relative output factors were measured at 10 cm depth. Results: PDD and the profile data showed less than 1% variation between the two linear accelerators for fields size between 2×2 cm{sup 2} and 5×5cm{sup 2}. Output factor differences was less than 1% for field sizes between 3×3 cm{sup 2} and 10×10 cm{sup 2} and less of 1.5 % for fields of 1.5×1.5 cm{sup 2} and 2×2 cm{sup 2} respectively. The dmax value of the EDGE diode detector, measured from the PDD, was 8.347 mm for 0.5×0,5cm{sup 2} for UNIQUE. The performance of EDGE diode detector was comparable for all measurements in small fields. Conclusion: UNIQUE linear accelerator show similar dosimetrics characteristics as conventional 21EX Varian linear accelerator for small, medium and large field sizes.EDGE detector show good performance by measuring dosimetrics quantities in small fields typically used in IMRT and radiosurgery treatments.« less

  18. Dosimetric advantages of IMPT over IMRT for laser-accelerated proton beams

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Luo, W.; Li, J.; Fourkal, E.; Fan, J.; Xu, X.; Chen, Z.; Jin, L.; Price, R.; Ma, C.-M.

    2008-12-01

    As a clinical application of an exciting scientific breakthrough, a compact and cost-efficient proton therapy unit using high-power laser acceleration is being developed at Fox Chase Cancer Center. The significance of this application depends on whether or not it can yield dosimetric superiority over intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT). The goal of this study is to show how laser-accelerated proton beams with broad energy spreads can be optimally used for proton therapy including intensity-modulated proton therapy (IMPT) and achieve dosimetric superiority over IMRT for prostate cancer. Desired energies and spreads with a varying δE/E were selected with the particle selection device and used to generate spread-out Bragg peaks (SOBPs). Proton plans were generated on an in-house Monte Carlo-based inverse-planning system. Fifteen prostate IMRT plans previously used for patient treatment have been included for comparison. Identical dose prescriptions, beam arrangement and consistent dose constrains were used for IMRT and IMPT plans to show the dosimetric differences that were caused only by the different physical characteristics of proton and photon beams. Different optimization constrains and beam arrangements were also used to find optimal IMPT. The results show that conventional proton therapy (CPT) plans without intensity modulation were not superior to IMRT, but IMPT can generate better proton plans if appropriate beam setup and optimization are used. Compared to IMRT, IMPT can reduce the target dose heterogeneity ((D5-D95)/D95) by up to 56%. The volume receiving 65 Gy and higher (V65) for the bladder and the rectum can be reduced by up to 45% and 88%, respectively, while the volume receiving 40 Gy and higher (V40) for the bladder and the rectum can be reduced by up to 49% and 68%, respectively. IMPT can also reduce the whole body non-target tissue dose by up to 61% or a factor 2.5. This study has shown that the laser accelerator under development has a

  19. POLLUTION PREVENTION OPPORTUNITY ASSESSMENT: GENERAL MAIL AND VEHICLE MAINTENANCE FACILITY, UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE, BUFFALO, NY

    EPA Science Inventory

    The Pollution Prevention Opportunity Assessment (PPOA) summarized here was conducted at a U.S.Postal Service (USPS) Facility in Buffalo, NY. The PPOA documented and quantified waste generation at the General Mail Facility (GMF) where mail is processed, and at the Vehicle Maintena...

  20. Dosimetric property of mineral extracted from calamari and exposed to gamma rays

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cruz-Zaragoza, E.; Roman-Lopez, J.; Cruz, L. Perez

    2013-07-03

    Dosimetric property of polymineral fraction, quartz mainly, obtained from calamari was investigated. The commercial calamari samples from China and Sud Africa were collected in the markets of Italy. All polymineral debris were extracted and isolated from the whole body of calamari. The surface of the polymineral samples was analyzed by using the Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and their chemical composition was determined using Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS). The polymineral was exposed to gamma rays ({sup 60}Co) at different doses (0.5-80 Gy) to determine dosimetric property. Thermoluminescent (TL) glow curves showed two peaks centered at around 98-100 Degree-Sign C and 128-138more » Degree-Sign C temperature range. The glow curves have been analyzed by using a deconvolution program. A linear dose response between 0.5 to 20 Gy was observed. The TL response of the samples as a function of the time storage, fading, presented a reduction of about 36-40 % at the end of 24 h. The reproducibility of the TL response after ten cycles of irradiation-readout showed an acceptable standard deviation in dosimetry. The polimineral fraction obtained from calamari shows an interesting dosimetric property and it may be useful for dosimetry in gamma radiation field.« less

  1. High-resolution digital dosimetric system for spatial characterization of radiation fields using a thermoluminescent CaF/sub 2/:Dy crystal

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Atari, N.A.; Svensson, G.K.

    1986-05-01

    A high-resolution digital dosimetric system has been developed for the spatial characterization of radiation fields. The system comprises the following: 0.5-mm-thick, 25-mm-diam CaF/sub 2/:Dy thermoluminescent crystal; intensified charge coupled device video camera; video cassette recorder; and a computerized image processing subsystem. The optically flat single crystal is used as a radiation imaging device and the subsequent thermally stimulated phosphorescence is viewed by the intensified camera for further processing and analysis. Parameters governing the performance characteristics of the system were measured. A spatial resolution limit of 31 +- 2 ..mu..m (1sigma) corresponding to 16 +- 1 line pair/mm measured at themore » 4% level of the modulation transfer function has been achieved. The full width at half maximum of the line spread function measured independently by the slit method or derived from the edge response function was found to be 69 +- 4 ..mu..m (1sigma). The high resolving power, speed of readout, good precision, wide dynamic range, and the large image storage capacity make the system suitable for the digital mapping of the relative distribution of absorbed doses for various small radiation fields and the edges of larger fields.« less

  2. SU-F-BRB-15: Dosimetric Study of Radiation Therapy for Head/Neck Patients with Metallic Dental Fixtures

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lu, L; Allan, E; Putten, M Van

    Purpose: To investigate the dose contributions of scattered electrons from dental amalgams during head and neck radiotherapy, and to evaluate the protective role of dosimetric dental stents during treatment to prevent oral mucositis. Methods: A phantom was produced to accurately simulate the oral cavity and head. The oral cavity consisted of a tissue equivalent upper and lower jaw and complete set of teeth. A set of 4 mm ethylene copolymer dosimetric stents was made for the upper and lower teeth. Five removable gold caps were fitted to apposing right molars, and the phantom was crafted to accomodate horizontal and verticalmore » film for 2D dosimetry and NanoDot dosimeter for recording point doses. The head was simulated using a small cylindrical glass water bath. CT simulation was performed on the phantom with and without metal fittings and, in each case, with and without the dental stent. The CT image sets were imported into Eclipse treatment planning system for contouring and treatment planning, and a 9-field IMRT treatment plan was developed for each scenario. These plans were delivered using a Varian TrueBeam linear accelerator. Doses were recorded using GafChromic EBT2 films and NanoDot dosimeters. Results: The measurements revealed a 43% relative increase in dose measured adjacent to the metal fixtures in the horizontal plane without the use of the dental stent. This equates to a total dose of 100 Gy to the oral mucosa during a standard course of definitive radiotherapy. To our knowledge, this is the first dosimetric analysis of dental stents using an anatomically realistic phantom and modern beam arrangement. Conclusion: These results support the use of dosimetric dental stents in head and neck radiotherapy for patients with metallic dental fixtures as a way to effectively reduce dose to nearby mucosal surfaces and, hence, reduce the risk and severity of mucositis.« less

  3. A dosimetric uncertainty analysis for photon-emitting brachytherapy sources: Report of AAPM Task Group No. 138 and GEC-ESTRO

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    DeWerd, Larry A.; Ibbott, Geoffrey S.; Meigooni, Ali S.

    2011-02-15

    This report addresses uncertainties pertaining to brachytherapy single-source dosimetry preceding clinical use. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Note 1297 are taken as reference standards for uncertainty formalism. Uncertainties in using detectors to measure or utilizing Monte Carlo methods to estimate brachytherapy dose distributions are provided with discussion of the components intrinsic to the overall dosimetric assessment. Uncertainties provided are based on published observations and cited when available. The uncertainty propagation from the primary calibration standard through transfer to the clinicmore » for air-kerma strength is covered first. Uncertainties in each of the brachytherapy dosimetry parameters of the TG-43 formalism are then explored, ending with transfer to the clinic and recommended approaches. Dosimetric uncertainties during treatment delivery are considered briefly but are not included in the detailed analysis. For low- and high-energy brachytherapy sources of low dose rate and high dose rate, a combined dosimetric uncertainty <5% (k=1) is estimated, which is consistent with prior literature estimates. Recommendations are provided for clinical medical physicists, dosimetry investigators, and source and treatment planning system manufacturers. These recommendations include the use of the GUM and NIST reports, a requirement of constancy of manufacturer source design, dosimetry investigator guidelines, provision of the lowest uncertainty for patient treatment dosimetry, and the establishment of an action level based on dosimetric uncertainty. These recommendations reflect the guidance of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the Groupe Europeen de Curietherapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) for their members and may also be

  4. SU-F-T-366: Dosimetric Parameters Enhancement of 120-Leaf Millennium MLC Using EGSnrc and IAEA Phase-Space Data

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Haddad, K; Alopoor, H

    Purpose: Recently, the multileaf collimators (MLC) have become an important part of any LINAC collimation systems because they reduce the treatment planning time and improves the conformity. Important factors that affects the MLCs collimation performance are leaves material composition and their thickness. In this study, we investigate the main dosimetric parameters of 120-leaf Millennium MLC including dose in the buildup point, physical penumbra as well as average and end leaf leakages. Effects of the leaves geometry and density on these parameters are evaluated Methods: From EGSnrc Monte Carlo code, BEAMnrc and DOSXYZnrc modules are used to evaluate the dosimetric parametersmore » of a water phantom exposed to a Varian xi for 100cm SSD. Using IAEA phasespace data just above MLC (Z=46cm) and BEAMnrc, for the modified 120-leaf Millennium MLC a new phase space data at Z=52cm is produces. The MLC is modified both in leaf thickness and material composition. EGSgui code generates 521ICRU library for tungsten alloys. DOSXYZnrc with the new phase space evaluates the dose distribution in a water phantom of 60×60×20 cm3 with voxel size of 4×4×2 mm3. Using DOSXYZnrc dose distributions for open beam and closed beam as well as the leakages definition, end leakage, average leakage and physical penumbra are evaluated. Results: A new MLC with improved dosimetric parameters is proposed. The physical penumbra for proposed MLC is 4.7mm compared to 5.16 mm for Millennium. Average leakage in our design is reduced to 1.16% compared to 1.73% for Millennium, the end leaf leakage suggested design is also reduced to 4.86% compared to 7.26% of Millennium. Conclusion: The results show that the proposed MLC with enhanced dosimetric parameters could improve the conformity of treatment planning.« less

  5. A dosimetric uncertainty analysis for photon-emitting brachytherapy sources: Report of AAPM Task Group No. 138 and GEC-ESTRO

    PubMed Central

    DeWerd, Larry A.; Ibbott, Geoffrey S.; Meigooni, Ali S.; Mitch, Michael G.; Rivard, Mark J.; Stump, Kurt E.; Thomadsen, Bruce R.; Venselaar, Jack L. M.

    2011-01-01

    This report addresses uncertainties pertaining to brachytherapy single-source dosimetry preceding clinical use. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Note 1297 are taken as reference standards for uncertainty formalism. Uncertainties in using detectors to measure or utilizing Monte Carlo methods to estimate brachytherapy dose distributions are provided with discussion of the components intrinsic to the overall dosimetric assessment. Uncertainties provided are based on published observations and cited when available. The uncertainty propagation from the primary calibration standard through transfer to the clinic for air-kerma strength is covered first. Uncertainties in each of the brachytherapy dosimetry parameters of the TG-43 formalism are then explored, ending with transfer to the clinic and recommended approaches. Dosimetric uncertainties during treatment delivery are considered briefly but are not included in the detailed analysis. For low- and high-energy brachytherapy sources of low dose rate and high dose rate, a combined dosimetric uncertainty <5% (k=1) is estimated, which is consistent with prior literature estimates. Recommendations are provided for clinical medical physicists, dosimetry investigators, and source and treatment planning system manufacturers. These recommendations include the use of the GUM and NIST reports, a requirement of constancy of manufacturer source design, dosimetry investigator guidelines, provision of the lowest uncertainty for patient treatment dosimetry, and the establishment of an action level based on dosimetric uncertainty. These recommendations reflect the guidance of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie–European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) for their members and may also be used

  6. A dosimetric uncertainty analysis for photon-emitting brachytherapy sources: report of AAPM Task Group No. 138 and GEC-ESTRO.

    PubMed

    DeWerd, Larry A; Ibbott, Geoffrey S; Meigooni, Ali S; Mitch, Michael G; Rivard, Mark J; Stump, Kurt E; Thomadsen, Bruce R; Venselaar, Jack L M

    2011-02-01

    This report addresses uncertainties pertaining to brachytherapy single-source dosimetry preceding clinical use. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Guide to the Expression of Uncertainty in Measurement (GUM) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Technical Note 1297 are taken as reference standards for uncertainty formalism. Uncertainties in using detectors to measure or utilizing Monte Carlo methods to estimate brachytherapy dose distributions are provided with discussion of the components intrinsic to the overall dosimetric assessment. Uncertainties provided are based on published observations and cited when available. The uncertainty propagation from the primary calibration standard through transfer to the clinic for air-kerma strength is covered first. Uncertainties in each of the brachytherapy dosimetry parameters of the TG-43 formalism are then explored, ending with transfer to the clinic and recommended approaches. Dosimetric uncertainties during treatment delivery are considered briefly but are not included in the detailed analysis. For low- and high-energy brachytherapy sources of low dose rate and high dose rate, a combined dosimetric uncertainty <5% (k=1) is estimated, which is consistent with prior literature estimates. Recommendations are provided for clinical medical physicists, dosimetry investigators, and source and treatment planning system manufacturers. These recommendations include the use of the GUM and NIST reports, a requirement of constancy of manufacturer source design, dosimetry investigator guidelines, provision of the lowest uncertainty for patient treatment dosimetry, and the establishment of an action level based on dosimetric uncertainty. These recommendations reflect the guidance of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) and the Groupe Européen de Curiethérapie-European Society for Therapeutic Radiology and Oncology (GEC-ESTRO) for their members and may also be used as

  7. Dosimetric treatment course simulation based on a statistical model of deformable organ motion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Söhn, M.; Sobotta, B.; Alber, M.

    2012-06-01

    We present a method of modeling dosimetric consequences of organ deformation and correlated motion of adjacent organ structures in radiotherapy. Based on a few organ geometry samples and the respective deformation fields as determined by deformable registration, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to create a low-dimensional parametric statistical organ deformation model (Söhn et al 2005 Phys. Med. Biol. 50 5893-908). PCA determines the most important geometric variability in terms of eigenmodes, which represent 3D vector fields of correlated organ deformations around the mean geometry. Weighted sums of a few dominating eigenmodes can be used to simulate synthetic geometries, which are statistically meaningful inter- and extrapolations of the input geometries, and predict their probability of occurrence. We present the use of PCA as a versatile treatment simulation tool, which allows comprehensive dosimetric assessment of the detrimental effects that deformable geometric uncertainties can have on a planned dose distribution. For this, a set of random synthetic geometries is generated by a PCA model for each simulated treatment course, and the dose of a given treatment plan is accumulated in the moving tissue elements via dose warping. This enables the calculation of average voxel doses, local dose variability, dose-volume histogram uncertainties, marginal as well as joint probability distributions of organ equivalent uniform doses and thus of TCP and NTCP, and other dosimetric and biologic endpoints. The method is applied to the example of deformable motion of prostate/bladder/rectum in prostate IMRT. Applications include dosimetric assessment of the adequacy of margin recipes, adaptation schemes, etc, as well as prospective ‘virtual’ evaluation of the possible benefits of new radiotherapy schemes.

  8. Dosimetric treatment course simulation based on a statistical model of deformable organ motion.

    PubMed

    Söhn, M; Sobotta, B; Alber, M

    2012-06-21

    We present a method of modeling dosimetric consequences of organ deformation and correlated motion of adjacent organ structures in radiotherapy. Based on a few organ geometry samples and the respective deformation fields as determined by deformable registration, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to create a low-dimensional parametric statistical organ deformation model (Söhn et al 2005 Phys. Med. Biol. 50 5893-908). PCA determines the most important geometric variability in terms of eigenmodes, which represent 3D vector fields of correlated organ deformations around the mean geometry. Weighted sums of a few dominating eigenmodes can be used to simulate synthetic geometries, which are statistically meaningful inter- and extrapolations of the input geometries, and predict their probability of occurrence. We present the use of PCA as a versatile treatment simulation tool, which allows comprehensive dosimetric assessment of the detrimental effects that deformable geometric uncertainties can have on a planned dose distribution. For this, a set of random synthetic geometries is generated by a PCA model for each simulated treatment course, and the dose of a given treatment plan is accumulated in the moving tissue elements via dose warping. This enables the calculation of average voxel doses, local dose variability, dose-volume histogram uncertainties, marginal as well as joint probability distributions of organ equivalent uniform doses and thus of TCP and NTCP, and other dosimetric and biologic endpoints. The method is applied to the example of deformable motion of prostate/bladder/rectum in prostate IMRT. Applications include dosimetric assessment of the adequacy of margin recipes, adaptation schemes, etc, as well as prospective 'virtual' evaluation of the possible benefits of new radiotherapy schemes.

  9. Dosimetric verification for primary focal hypermetabolism of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients treated with dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

    PubMed

    Xin, Yong; Wang, Jia-Yang; Li, Liang; Tang, Tian-You; Liu, Gui-Hong; Wang, Jian-She; Xu, Yu-Mei; Chen, Yong; Zhang, Long-Zhen

    2012-01-01

    To make sure the feasibility with (18F)FDG PET/CT to guided dynamic intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) for nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, by dosimetric verification before treatment. Chose 11 patients in III~IVA nasopharyngeal carcinoma treated with functional image-guided IMRT and absolute and relative dosimetric verification by Varian 23EX LA, ionization chamber, 2DICA of I'mRT Matrixx and IBA detachable phantom. Drawing outline and making treatment plan were by different imaging techniques (CT and (18F)FDG PET/CT). The dose distributions of the various regional were realized by SMART. The absolute mean errors of interest area were 2.39%±0.66 using 0.6 cc ice chamber. Results using DTA method, the average relative dose measurements within our protocol (3%, 3 mm) were 87.64% at 300 MU/min in all filed. Dosimetric verification before IMRT is obligatory and necessary. Ionization chamber and 2DICA of I'mRT Matrixx was the effective dosimetric verification tool for primary focal hyper metabolism in functional image-guided dynamic IMRT for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Our preliminary evidence indicates that functional image-guided dynamic IMRT is feasible.

  10. Design and dosimetric characteristics of a new endocavitary contact radiotherapy system using an electronic brachytherapy source.

    PubMed

    Richardson, Susan; Garcia-Ramirez, Jose; Lu, Wei; Myerson, Robert J; Parikh, Parag

    2012-11-01

    To present design aspects and acceptance tests performed for clinical implementation of electronic brachytherapy treatment of early stage rectal adenocarcinoma. A dosimetric comparison is made between the historically used Philips RT-50 unit and the newly developed Axxent(®) Model S700 electronic brachytherapy source manufactured by Xoft (iCad, Inc.). Two proctoscope cones were manufactured by ElectroSurgical Instruments (ESI). Two custom surface applicators were manufactured by Xoft and were designed to fit and interlock with the proctoscope cones from ESI. Dose rates, half value layers (HVL), and percentage depth dose (PDD) measurements were made with the Xoft system and compared to historical RT-50 data. A description of the patient treatment approach and exposure rates during the procedure is also provided. The electronic brachytherapy system has a lower surface dose rate than the RT-50. The dose rate to water on the surface from the Xoft system is approximately 2.1 Gy∕min while the RT-50 is 10-12 Gy∕min. However, treatment times with Xoft are still reasonable. The HVLs and PDDs between the two systems were comparable resulting in similar doses to the target and to regions beyond the target. The exposure rate levels around a patient treatment were acceptable. The standard uncertainty in the dose rate to water on the surface is approximately ±5.2%. The Philips RT-50 unit is an out-of-date radiotherapy machine that is no longer manufactured with limited replacement parts. The use of a custom-designed proctoscope and Xoft surface applicators allows delivery of a well-established treatment with the ease of a modern radiotherapy device. While the dose rate is lower with the use of Xoft, the treatment times are still reasonable. Additionally, personnel may stand farther away from the Xoft radiation source, thus potentially reducing radiation exposure to the operator and other personnel.

  11. Effect of paper quality on the response rate to a postal survey: A randomised controlled trial. [ISRCTN32032031

    PubMed Central

    Clark, T Justin; Khan, Khalid S; Gupta, Janesh K

    2001-01-01

    Background Response rates to surveys are declining and this threatens the validity and generalisability of their findings. We wanted to determine whether paper quality influences the response rate to postal surveys Methods A postal questionnaire was sent to all members of the British Society of Gynaecological Endoscopy (BSGE). Recipients were randomised to receiving the questionnaire printed on standard quality paper or high quality paper. Results The response rate for the recipients of high quality paper was 43/195 (22%) and 57/194 (29%) for standard quality paper (relative rate of response 0.75, 95% CI 0.33–1.05, p = 0.1 Conclusion The use of high quality paper did not increase response rates to a questionnaire survey of gynaecologists affiliated to an endoscopic society. PMID:11782286

  12. Clinical impact of dosimetric changes for volumetric modulated arc therapy in log file-based patient dose calculations.

    PubMed

    Katsuta, Yoshiyuki; Kadoya, Noriyuki; Fujita, Yukio; Shimizu, Eiji; Matsunaga, Kenichi; Matsushita, Haruo; Majima, Kazuhiro; Jingu, Keiichi

    2017-10-01

    A log file-based method cannot detect dosimetric changes due to linac component miscalibration because log files are insensitive to miscalibration. Herein, clinical impacts of dosimetric changes on a log file-based method were determined. Five head-and-neck and five prostate plans were applied. Miscalibration-simulated log files were generated by inducing a linac component miscalibration into the log file. Miscalibration magnitudes for leaf, gantry, and collimator at the general tolerance level were ±0.5mm, ±1°, and ±1°, respectively, and at a tighter tolerance level achievable on current linac were ±0.3mm, ±0.5°, and ±0.5°, respectively. Re-calculations were performed on patient anatomy using log file data. Changes in tumor control probability/normal tissue complication probability from treatment planning system dose to re-calculated dose at the general tolerance level was 1.8% on planning target volume (PTV) and 2.4% on organs at risk (OARs) in both plans. These changes at the tighter tolerance level were improved to 1.0% on PTV and to 1.5% on OARs, with a statistically significant difference. We determined the clinical impacts of dosimetric changes on a log file-based method using a general tolerance level and a tighter tolerance level for linac miscalibration and found that a tighter tolerance level significantly improved the accuracy of the log file-based method. Copyright © 2017 Associazione Italiana di Fisica Medica. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  13. Monte Carlo dosimetric characterization of the Flexisource Co-60 high-dose-rate brachytherapy source using PENELOPE.

    PubMed

    Almansa, Julio F; Guerrero, Rafael; Torres, Javier; Lallena, Antonio M

    60 Co sources have been commercialized as an alternative to 192 Ir sources for high-dose-rate (HDR) brachytherapy. One of them is the Flexisource Co-60 HDR source manufactured by Elekta. The only available dosimetric characterization of this source is that of Vijande et al. [J Contemp Brachytherapy 2012; 4:34-44], whose results were not included in the AAPM/ESTRO consensus document. In that work, the dosimetric quantities were calculated as averages of the results obtained with the Geant4 and PENELOPE Monte Carlo (MC) codes, though for other sources, significant differences have been quoted between the values obtained with these two codes. The aim of this work is to perform the dosimetric characterization of the Flexisource Co-60 HDR source using PENELOPE. The MC simulation code PENELOPE (v. 2014) has been used. Following the recommendations of the AAPM/ESTRO report, the radial dose function, the anisotropy function, the air-kerma strength, the dose rate constant, and the absorbed dose rate in water have been calculated. The results we have obtained exceed those of Vijande et al. In particular, the absorbed dose rate constant is ∼0.85% larger. A similar difference is also found in the other dosimetric quantities. The effect of the electrons emitted in the decay of 60 Co, usually neglected in this kind of simulations, is significant up to the distances of 0.25 cm from the source. The systematic and significant differences we have found between PENELOPE results and the average values found by Vijande et al. point out that the dosimetric characterizations carried out with the various MC codes should be provided independently. Copyright © 2017 American Brachytherapy Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  14. TU-C-17A-10: Patient Features Based Dosimetric Pareto Front Prediction In Esophagus Cancer Radiotherapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, J; Zhao, K; Peng, J

    2014-06-15

    Purpose: The purpose of this study is to study the feasibility of the dosimetric pareto front (PF) prediction based on patient anatomic and dosimetric parameters for esophagus cancer patients. Methods: Sixty esophagus patients in our institution were enrolled in this study. A total 2920 IMRT plans were created to generated PF for each patient. On average, each patient had 48 plans. The anatomic and dosimetric features were extracted from those plans. The mean lung dose (MLD), mean heart dose (MHD), spinal cord max dose and PTV homogeneous index (PTVHI) were recorded for each plan. The principal component analysis (PCA) wasmore » used to extract overlap volume histogram (OVH) features between PTV and other critical organs. The full dataset was separated into two parts include the training dataset and the validation dataset. The prediction outcomes were the MHD and MLD for the current study. The spearman rank correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the correlation between the anatomical features and dosimetric features. The PF was fit by the the stepwise multiple regression method. The cross-validation method was used to evaluation the model. Results: The mean prediction error of the MHD was 465 cGy with 100 repetitions. The most correlated factors were the first principal components of the OVH between heart and PTV, and the overlap between heart and PTV in Z-axis. The mean prediction error of the MLD was 195 cGy. The most correlated factors were the first principal components of the OVH between lung and PTV, and the overlap between lung and PTV in Z-axis. Conclusion: It is feasible to use patients anatomic and dosimetric features to generate a predicted PF. Additional samples and further studies were required to get a better prediction model.« less

  15. Three-dimensional dosimetric considerations from different point A definitions in cervical cancer low-dose-rate brachytherapy

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Ting; Kim, Leonard H.; Nelson, Carl; Gabel, Molly; Narra, Venkat; Haffty, Bruce; Yue, Ning J.

    2013-01-01

    Purpose To investigate the dosimetric difference due to the different point A definitions in cervical cancer low-dose-rate (LDR) intracavitary brachytherapy. Material and methods Twenty CT-based LDR brachytherapy plans of 11 cervical patients were retrospectively reviewed. Two plans with point As following the modified Manchester system which defines point A being 2 cm superior to the cervical os along the tandem and 2 cm lateral (Aos), and the American Brachytherapy Society (ABS) guideline definition in which the point A is 2 cm superior to the vaginal fornices instead of os (Aovoid) were generated. Using the same source strength, two plans prescribed the same dose to Aos and Aovoid. Dosimetric differences between plans including point A dose rate, treatment volume encompassed by the prescription isodose line (TV), and dose rate of 2 cc of the rectum and bladder to the prescription dose were measured. Results On average Aovoid was 8.9 mm superior to Aos along the tandem direction with a standard deviation of 5.4 mm. With the same source strength and arrangement, Aos dose rate was 19% higher than Aovoid dose rate. The average TV(Aovoid) was 118.0 cc, which was 30% more than the average TV(Aos) of 93.0 cc. D2cc/D(Aprescribe) increased from 51% to 60% for rectum, and increased from 89% and 106% for bladder, if the prescription point changed from Aos to Aovoid. Conclusions Different point A definitions lead to significant dose differences. Careful consideration should be given when changing practice from one point A definition to another, to ensure dosimetric and clinical equivalency from the previous clinical experiences. PMID:24474971

  16. 39 CFR 111.1 - Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service, Domestic Mail Manual; incorporated by...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Service, Domestic Mail Manual; incorporated by reference of regulations governing domestic mail services..., Domestic Mail Manual; incorporated by reference of regulations governing domestic mail services. Section... by reference in this part, the Mailing Standards of the United States Postal Service, Domestic Mail...

  17. 39 CFR 265.13 - Compliance with subpoenas, summonses, and court orders by postal employees within the Inspection...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... assigned to the Postal Inspection Service, student interns, contractors and employees of contractors who... or testimony fails to cooperate in good faith, preventing Inspection Service legal counsel from... disruptive methods to the employee's official duties. Testimony may, for example, be provided by affidavits...

  18. Correlation between gamma index passing rate and clinical dosimetric difference for pre-treatment 2D and 3D volumetric modulated arc therapy dosimetric verification.

    PubMed

    Jin, X; Yan, H; Han, C; Zhou, Y; Yi, J; Xie, C

    2015-03-01

    To investigate comparatively the percentage gamma passing rate (%GP) of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) pre-treatment volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dosimetric verification and their correlation and sensitivity with percentage dosimetric errors (%DE). %GP of 2D and 3D pre-treatment VMAT quality assurance (QA) with different acceptance criteria was obtained by ArcCHECK® (Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, FL) for 20 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and 20 patients with oesophageal cancer. %DE were calculated from planned dose-volume histogram (DVH) and patients' predicted DVH calculated by 3DVH® software (Sun Nuclear Corporation). Correlation and sensitivity between %GP and %DE were investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). Relatively higher %DE on some DVH-based metrics were observed for both patients with NPC and oesophageal cancer. Except for 2%/2 mm criterion, the average %GPs for all patients undergoing VMAT were acceptable with average rates of 97.11% ± 1.54% and 97.39% ± 1.37% for 2D and 3D 3%/3 mm criteria, respectively. The number of correlations for 3D was higher than that for 2D (21 vs 8). However, the general correlation was still poor for all the analysed metrics (9 out of 26 for 3D 3%/3 mm criterion). The average area under the curve (AUC) of ROCs was 0.66 ± 0.12 and 0.71 ± 0.21 for 2D and 3D evaluations, respectively. There is a lack of correlation between %GP and %DE for both 2D and 3D pre-treatment VMAT dosimetric evaluation. DVH-based dose metrics evaluation obtained from 3DVH will provide more useful analysis. Correlation and sensitivity of %GP with %DE for VMAT QA were studied for the first time.

  19. Dosimetric challenges of small animal irradiation with a commercial X-ray unit.

    PubMed

    Kuess, Peter; Bozsaky, Eva; Hopfgartner, Johannes; Seifritz, Gerhard; Dörr, Wolfgang; Georg, Dietmar

    2014-12-01

    A commercial X-ray unit was recently installed at the Medical University Vienna for partial and whole body irradiation of small experimental animals. For 200 kV X-rays the dose deviations with respect to the reference dose measured in the geometrical center of the potential available field size was investigated for various experimental setup plates used for mouse irradiations. Furthermore, the HVL was measured in mm Al and mm Cu at 200 kV for two types of filtration. Three different setup constructions for small animal irradiation were dosimetrically characterized, covering field sizes from 9×20 mm2 to 210×200 mm2. Different types of detectors were investigated. Additionally LiF:MG,Ti TLD chips were used for mouse in-vivo dosimetry. The use of an additional 0.5 mm Cu filter reduced the deviation of the dose between each irradiation position on the setup plates. Multiple animals were irradiated at the same time using an individual setup plate for each experimental purpose. The dose deviations of each irradiation position to the center was measured to be ±4% or better. The depth dose curve measured in a solid water phantom was more pronounced for smaller field sizes. The comparison between estimated dose and measured dose in a PMMA phantom regarding the dose decline yielded in a difference of 3.9% at 20 mm depth. In-vivo measurements in a mouse snouts irradiation model confirmed the reference dosimetry, accomplished in PMMA phantoms, in terms of administered dose and deviation within different points of measurement. The outlined experiments dealt with a wide variety of dosimetric challenges during the installation of a new X-ray unit in the laboratory. The depth dose profiles measured for different field sizes were in good agreement with literature data. Different field sizes and spatial arrangement of the animals (depending on each purpose) provide additional challenges for the dosimetric measurements. Thorough dosimetric commissioning has to be performed before

  20. SU-E-T-467: Monte Carlo Dosimetric Study of the New Flexisource Co-60 High Dose Rate Source.

    PubMed

    Vijande, J; Granero, D; Perez-Calatayud, J; Ballester, F

    2012-06-01

    Recently, a new HDR 60Co brachytherapy source, Flexisource Co-60, has been developed (Nucletron B.V.). This study aims to obtain quality dosimetric data for this source for its use in clinical practice as required by AAPM and ESTRO. Penelope2008 and GEANT4 Monte Carlo codes were used to dosimetrically characterize this source. Water composition and mass density was that recommended by AAPM. Due to the high energy of the 60Co, dose for small distances cannot be approximated by collisional kerma. Therefore, we have considered absorbed dose to water for r<0.75 cm and collisional kerma from 0.75Dosimetric data were also provided following the primary and scatter dose separation for the collapsed cone technique. TG-43 dosimetry parameters with L = 0.35 cm were obtained. Results performed with both radiation transport codes showed agreement typically within 0.2% for r > 0.8 cm and up to 2% closer to the source. Using Penelope2008 and GEANT4, an average of Î> = 1.085±0.003 cGy/(h U) (with k = 1, Type A uncertainties) was obtained. Dose rate constant, radial dose function and anisotropy functions for the Flexisource Co-60 are compared with published data for other Co-60 sources. Dosimetric data are provided for the new Flexisource Co-60 source not studied previously in the literature. Using the data provided by this study in the treatment planning systems, it can be used in clinical practice. This project has been funded by Nucletron BV. © 2012 American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

  1. Using measurable dosimetric quantities to characterize the inter-structural tradeoff in inverse planning

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, Hongcheng; Dong, Peng; Xing, Lei

    2017-08-01

    Traditional inverse planning relies on the use of weighting factors to balance the conflicting requirements of different structures. Manual trial-and-error determination of weighting factors has long been recognized as a time-consuming part of treatment planning. The purpose of this work is to develop an inverse planning framework that parameterizes the dosimetric tradeoff among the structures with physically meaningful quantities to simplify the search for clinically sensible plans. In this formalism, instead of using weighting factors, the permissible variation range of the prescription dose or dose volume histogram (DVH) of the involved structures are used to characterize the ‘importance’ of the structures. The inverse planning is then formulated into a convex feasibility problem, called the dosimetric variation-controlled model (DVCM), whose goal is to generate plans with dosimetric or DVH variations of the structures consistent with the pre-specified values. For simplicity, the dosimetric variation range for a structure is extracted from a library of previous cases which possess similar anatomy and prescription. A two-phase procedure (TPP) is designed to solve the model. The first phase identifies a physically feasible plan to satisfy the prescribed dosimetric variation, and the second phase automatically improves the plan in case there is room for further improvement. The proposed technique is applied to plan two prostate cases and two head-and-neck cases and the results are compared with those obtained using a conventional CVaR approach and with a moment-based optimization scheme. Our results show that the strategy is able to generate clinically sensible plans with little trial and error. In all cases, the TPP generates a very competitive plan as compared to those obtained using the alternative approaches. Particularly, in the planning of one of the head-and-neck cases, the TPP leads to a non-trivial improvement in the resultant dose distribution

  2. Dosimetric characteristics of LKB:Cu,P solid TL detector

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hashim, S.; Alajerami, Y. S. M.; Ghoshal, S. K.; Saleh, M. A.; Saripan, M. I.; Kadir, A. B. A.; Bradley, D. A.; Alzimami, K.

    2014-11-01

    The dosimetric characteristics of newly developed borate glass dosimeter modified with lithium and potassium carbonate (LKB) and co-doped with CuO and NH4H2PO4 are reported. Broad peaks in the absence of any sharp peak confirms the amorphous nature of the prepared glass. A simple glow curve of Cu doped sample is observed with a single prominent peak (Tm) at 220 °C. The TL intensity response shows an enhancement of ~100 times due to the addition of CuO (0.1 mol%) to LKB compound. A further enhancement of the intensity by a factor of 3 from the addition of 0.25 mol% NH4H2PO4 as a co-dopant impurity is attributed to the creation of extra electron traps with consequent increase in energy transfer of radiation recombination centers. The TL yield performance of LKB:Cu,P with Zeff ≈8.92 is approximately seventeen times less sensitive compared to LiF:Mg,Ti (TLD-100). The proposed dosimeter shows good linearity up to 103 Gy, minimal fading and photon energy independence. These attractive features offered by our dosimeter is expected to pave the way towards dosimetric applications.

  3. Dosimetric effects of polyethylene glycol surface coatings on gold nanoparticle radiosensitization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Koger, B.; Kirkby, C.

    2017-11-01

    One of the main appeals of using gold nanoparticles (GNPs) as radiosensitizers is that their surface coatings can be altered to manipulate their pharmacokinetic properties. However, Monte Carlo studies of GNP dosimetry tend to neglect these coatings, potentially changing the dosimetric results. This study quantifies the dosimetric effects of including a polyethylene glycol (PEG) surface coating on GNPs over both nanoscopic and microscopic ranges. Two dosimetric scales were explored using PENELOPE Monte Carlo simulations. In microscopic simulations, 500-1000 GNPs, with and without coatings, were placed in cavities of side lengths 0.8-4 µm, and the reduction of dose deposited to surrounding medium within these volumes due to the coating was quantified. Including PEG surface coatings of up to 20 nm thickness resulted in reductions of up to 7.5%, 4.0%, and 2.0% for GNP diameters of 10, 20, and 50 nm, respectively. Nanoscopic simulations observed the dose falloff in the first 500 nm surrounding a single GNP both with and without surface coatings of various thicknesses. Over the first 500 nm surrounding a single GNP, the presence of a PEG surface coating reduced dose by 5-26%, 8-28%, 8-30%, and 8-34% for 2, 10, 20, and 50 nm diameter GNPs, respectively, for various energies and coating thicknesses. Reductions in dose enhancement due to the inclusion of a GNP surface coating are non-negligible and should be taken into consideration when investigating GNP dose enhancement. Further studies should be carried out to investigate the biological effects of these coatings.

  4. A clustered randomized trial of the effects of feedback using academic detailing compared to postal bulletin on prescribing of preventative cardiovascular therapy.

    PubMed

    Naughton, Corina; Feely, John; Bennett, Kathleen

    2007-10-01

    Interventions to promote prescribing of preventive therapies in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) or diabetes have reported variable success. (i) To evaluate the effect of prescribing feedback on GP practice using academic detailing compared to postal bulletin on prescribing of CVD preventive therapies in patients with CVD or diabetes at 3 and 6 months post intervention and (ii) to evaluate the intervention from a GP's perspective. Volunteer GP practices (n = 98) were randomized to receive individualized prescribing feedback via academic detailing (postal bulletin plus outreach visit) (n = 48) or postal bulletin (n = 50). The proportion of CVD or diabetic patients on statins and antiplatelet agents/warfarin pre- and post-intervention was calculated for each GP practice. Multivariate regression with a random effects model was used to compare differences between the groups adjusting for GP clustering and confounding factors. beta-Coefficients and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) are presented. There was a 3% increase in statin prescribing in CVD patients at 6 months post-intervention for both randomized groups, but there was no statistical difference between the groups (beta = 0.004; 95% CI = -0.01 to 0.02). Statin and antiplatelet/warfarin prescribing also increased in the diabetic population; there was no significant differences between the groups. GPs participating in the project expressed a high level of satisfaction with both interventions. Prescribing of preventive therapies increased in both randomized groups over the study period. But academic detailing did not have an additional effect on changing prescribing over the postal bulletin alone.

  5. Dosimetric comparison of single-beam multi-arc and 2-beam multi-arc VMAT optimization in the Monaco treatment planning system

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kalet, Alan M., E-mail: amkalet@uw.edu; Seattle Cancer Care Alliance, Seattle, Washington; Richardson, Hannah L.

    The purpose of this study was to evaluate the dosimetric and practical effects of the Monaco treatment planning system “max arcs-per-beam” optimization parameter in pelvic radiotherapy treatments. We selected for this study a total of 17 previously treated patients with a range of pelvic disease sites including prostate (9), bladder (1), uterus (3), rectum (3), and cervix (1). For each patient, 2 plans were generated, one using an arc-per-beam setting of “1” and another with an arc-per-beam setting of “2” using the volumes and constraints established from the initial clinical treatments. All constraints and dose coverage objects were kept themore » same between plans, and all plans were normalized to 99.7% to ensure 100% of the planning target volume (PTV) received 95% of the prescription dose. Plans were evaluated for PTV conformity, homogeneity, number of monitor units, number of control points, and overall plan acceptability. Treatment delivery time, patient-specific quality assurance procedures, and the impact on clinical workflow were also assessed. We found that for complex-shaped target volumes (small central volumes with extending arms to cover nodal regions), the use of 2 arc-per-beam (2APB) parameter setting achieved significantly lower average dose-volume histogram values for the rectum V{sub 20} (p = 0.0012) and bladder V{sub 30} (p = 0.0036) while meeting the high dose target constraints. For simple PTV shapes, we found reduced monitor units (13.47%, p = 0.0009) and control points (8.77%, p = 0.0004) using 2APB planning. In addition, we found a beam delivery time reduction of approximately 25%. In summary, the dosimetric benefit, although moderate, was improved over a 1APB setting for complex PTV, and equivalent in other cases. The overall reduced delivery time suggests that the use of mulitple arcs per beam could lead to reduced patient-on-table time, increased clinical throughput, and reduced medical physics quality

  6. Error Analysis of non-TLD HDR Brachytherapy Dosimetric Techniques

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Amoush, Ahmad

    The American Association of Physicists in Medicine Task Group Report43 (AAPM-TG43) and its updated version TG-43U1 rely on the LiF TLD detector to determine the experimental absolute dose rate for brachytherapy. The recommended uncertainty estimates associated with TLD experimental dosimetry include 5% for statistical errors (Type A) and 7% for systematic errors (Type B). TG-43U1 protocol does not include recommendation for other experimental dosimetric techniques to calculate the absolute dose for brachytherapy. This research used two independent experimental methods and Monte Carlo simulations to investigate and analyze uncertainties and errors associated with absolute dosimetry of HDR brachytherapy for a Tandem applicator. An A16 MicroChamber* and one dose MOSFET detectors† were selected to meet the TG-43U1 recommendations for experimental dosimetry. Statistical and systematic uncertainty analyses associated with each experimental technique were analyzed quantitatively using MCNPX 2.6‡ to evaluate source positional error, Tandem positional error, the source spectrum, phantom size effect, reproducibility, temperature and pressure effects, volume averaging, stem and wall effects, and Tandem effect. Absolute dose calculations for clinical use are based on Treatment Planning System (TPS) with no corrections for the above uncertainties. Absolute dose and uncertainties along the transverse plane were predicted for the A16 microchamber. The generated overall uncertainties are 22%, 17%, 15%, 15%, 16%, 17%, and 19% at 1cm, 2cm, 3cm, 4cm, and 5cm, respectively. Predicting the dose beyond 5cm is complicated due to low signal-to-noise ratio, cable effect, and stem effect for the A16 microchamber. Since dose beyond 5cm adds no clinical information, it has been ignored in this study. The absolute dose was predicted for the MOSFET detector from 1cm to 7cm along the transverse plane. The generated overall uncertainties are 23%, 11%, 8%, 7%, 7%, 9%, and 8% at 1cm, 2cm, 3cm

  7. The International Postal Network and Other Global Flows as Proxies for National Wellbeing.

    PubMed

    Hristova, Desislava; Rutherford, Alex; Anson, Jose; Luengo-Oroz, Miguel; Mascolo, Cecilia

    2016-01-01

    The digital exhaust left by flows of physical and digital commodities provides a rich measure of the nature, strength and significance of relationships between countries in the global network. With this work, we examine how these traces and the network structure can reveal the socioeconomic profile of different countries. We take into account multiple international networks of physical and digital flows, including the previously unexplored international postal network. By measuring the position of each country in the Trade, Postal, Migration, International Flights, IP and Digital Communications networks, we are able to build proxies for a number of crucial socioeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita and the Human Development Index ranking along with twelve other indicators used as benchmarks of national well-being by the United Nations and other international organisations. In this context, we have also proposed and evaluated a global connectivity degree measure applying multiplex theory across the six networks that accounts for the strength of relationships between countries. We conclude by showing how countries with shared community membership over multiple networks have similar socioeconomic profiles. Combining multiple flow data sources can help understand the forces which drive economic activity on a global level. Such an ability to infer proxy indicators in a context of incomplete information is extremely timely in light of recent discussions on measurement of indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals.

  8. The International Postal Network and Other Global Flows as Proxies for National Wellbeing

    PubMed Central

    Rutherford, Alex; Anson, Jose; Luengo-Oroz, Miguel; Mascolo, Cecilia

    2016-01-01

    The digital exhaust left by flows of physical and digital commodities provides a rich measure of the nature, strength and significance of relationships between countries in the global network. With this work, we examine how these traces and the network structure can reveal the socioeconomic profile of different countries. We take into account multiple international networks of physical and digital flows, including the previously unexplored international postal network. By measuring the position of each country in the Trade, Postal, Migration, International Flights, IP and Digital Communications networks, we are able to build proxies for a number of crucial socioeconomic indicators such as GDP per capita and the Human Development Index ranking along with twelve other indicators used as benchmarks of national well-being by the United Nations and other international organisations. In this context, we have also proposed and evaluated a global connectivity degree measure applying multiplex theory across the six networks that accounts for the strength of relationships between countries. We conclude by showing how countries with shared community membership over multiple networks have similar socioeconomic profiles. Combining multiple flow data sources can help understand the forces which drive economic activity on a global level. Such an ability to infer proxy indicators in a context of incomplete information is extremely timely in light of recent discussions on measurement of indicators relevant to the Sustainable Development Goals. PMID:27248142

  9. Determination of dosimetric quantities in pediatric abdominal computed tomography scans*

    PubMed Central

    Jornada, Tiago da Silva; da Silva, Teógenes Augusto

    2014-01-01

    Objective Aiming at contributing to the knowledge on doses in computed tomography (CT), this study has the objective of determining dosimetric quantities associated with pediatric abdominal CT scans, comparing the data with diagnostic reference levels (DRL). Materials and methods The study was developed with a Toshiba Asteion single-slice CT scanner and a GE BrightSpeed multi-slice CT unit in two hospitals. Measurements were performed with a pencil-type ionization chamber and a 16 cm-diameter polymethylmethacrylate trunk phantom. Results No significant difference was observed in the values for weighted air kerma index (CW), but the differences were relevant in values for volumetric air kerma index (CVOL), air kerma-length product (PKL,CT) and effective dose. Conclusion Only the CW values were lower than the DRL, suggesting that dose optimization might not be necessary. However, PKL,CT and effective dose values stressed that there still is room for reducing pediatric radiation doses. The present study emphasizes the importance of determining all dosimetric quantities associated with CT scans. PMID:25741103

  10. Evaluation of strategies for increasing response rates to postal questionnaires in quality control of nasal septal surgery.

    PubMed

    Egeland, Merete T; Tarangen, Magnus; Shiryaeva, Olga; Gay, Caryl; Døsen, Liv K; Haye, Rolf

    2017-06-02

    Postal questionnaires are often used to assess the results of nasal septoplasty, but response rates vary widely. This study assesses strategies designed to increase the response rate. Postoperative questionnaires using visual analogue scales (VAS) for nasal obstruction were mailed to 160 consecutive patients alternately allocated to one of two groups. Group A received the questionnaire in the usual manner and group B received a modified cover letter with hand-written name and signature and a hand-stamped return envelope. Of the 80 patients in each group, 47 (58.8%) in group A and 54 (67.5%) in group B returned the questionnaire (p = 0.25). There were no age or gender differences between the groups, nor did the pre- and postoperative VAS scores differ between the groups. The strategies used in this study increased the response rate to postal questionnaires by 8.7% points, but this was not a statistically significant or clinically meaningful improvement.

  11. Dosimetric evaluation of the clinical implementation of the first commercial IMRT Monte Carlo treatment planning system at 6 MV

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Heath, Emily; Seuntjens, Jan; Sheikh-Bagheri, Daryoush

    2004-10-01

    In this work we dosimetrically evaluated the clinical implementation of a commercial Monte Carlo treatment planning software (PEREGRINE, North American Scientific, Cranberry Township, PA) intended for quality assurance (QA) of intensity modulated radiation therapy treatment plans. Dose profiles calculated in homogeneous and heterogeneous phantoms using this system were compared to both measurements and simulations using the EGSnrc Monte Carlo code for the 6 MV beam of a Varian CL21EX linear accelerator. For simple jaw-defined fields, calculations agree within 2% of the dose at d{sub max} with measurements in homogeneous phantoms with the exception of the buildup region where the calculationsmore » overestimate the dose by up to 8%. In heterogeneous lung and bone phantoms the agreement is within 3%, on average, up to 5% for a 1x1 cm{sup 2} field. We tested two consecutive implementations of the MLC model. After matching the calculated and measured MLC leakage, simulations of static and dynamic MLC-defined fields using the most recent MLC model agreed to within 2% with measurements.« less

  12. Comparison of intraoperative dosimetric implant representation with postimplant dosimetry in patients receiving prostate brachytherapy.

    PubMed

    Stone, Nelson N; Hong, Suzanne; Lo, Yeh-Chi; Howard, Victor; Stock, Richard G

    2003-01-01

    To compare the results of intraoperative dosimetry with those of CT-based postimplant dosimetry in patients undergoing prostate seed implantation. Seventy-seven patients with T1-T3 prostate cancer received an ultrasound-guided permanent seed implant (36 received (125)I, 7 (103)Pd, and 34 a partial (103)Pd implant plus external beam radiation therapy). The implantation was augmented with an intraoperative dosimetric planning system. After the peripheral needles were placed, 5-mm axial images were acquired into the treatment planning system. Soft tissue structures (prostate, urethra, and rectum) were contoured, and exact needle positions were registered. Seeds were placed with an applicator, and their positions were entered into the planning system. The dose distributions for the implant were calculated after interior needle and seed placement. Postimplant dosimetry was performed 1 month later on the basis of CT imaging. Prostate and urethral doses were compared, by using paired t tests, for the real-time dosimetry in the operating room (OR) and the postimplant dosimetry. The mean preimplant prostate volume was 39.8 cm(3), the postneedle planning volume was 41.5 cm(3) (p<0.001), and the 1-month CT volume was 43.6 cm(3) (p<0.001). The mean difference between the OR dose received by 90% of the prostate (D(90)) and the CT D(90) was 3.4% (95% confidence interval, 2.5-6.6%; p=0.034). The mean dose to 30% of the urethra was 120% of prescription in the OR and 138% on CT. The mean difference was 18% (95% confidence interval, 13-24%; p<0.001). Although small differences exist between the OR and CT dosimetry results, these data suggest that this intraoperative implant dosimetric representation system provides a close match to the actual delivered doses. These data support the use of this system to modify the implant during surgery to achieve more consistent dosimetry results.

  13. Dosimetric characterizations of GZP6 60Co high dose rate brachytherapy sources: application of superimposition method

    PubMed Central

    Bahreyni Toossi, Mohammad Taghi; Ghorbani, Mahdi; Mowlavi, Ali Asghar; Meigooni, Ali Soleimani

    2012-01-01

    Background Dosimetric characteristics of a high dose rate (HDR) GZP6 Co-60 brachytherapy source have been evaluated following American Association of Physicists in MedicineTask Group 43U1 (AAPM TG-43U1) recommendations for their clinical applications. Materials and methods MCNP-4C and MCNPX Monte Carlo codes were utilized to calculate dose rate constant, two dimensional (2D) dose distribution, radial dose function and 2D anisotropy function of the source. These parameters of this source are compared with the available data for Ralstron 60Co and microSelectron192Ir sources. Besides, a superimposition method was developed to extend the obtained results for the GZP6 source No. 3 to other GZP6 sources. Results The simulated value for dose rate constant for GZP6 source was 1.104±0.03 cGyh-1U-1. The graphical and tabulated radial dose function and 2D anisotropy function of this source are presented here. The results of these investigations show that the dosimetric parameters of GZP6 source are comparable to those for the Ralstron source. While dose rate constant for the two 60Co sources are similar to that for the microSelectron192Ir source, there are differences between radial dose function and anisotropy functions. Radial dose function of the 192Ir source is less steep than both 60Co source models. In addition, the 60Co sources are showing more isotropic dose distribution than the 192Ir source. Conclusions The superimposition method is applicable to produce dose distributions for other source arrangements from the dose distribution of a single source. The calculated dosimetric quantities of this new source can be introduced as input data to the GZP6 treatment planning system (TPS) and to validate the performance of the TPS. PMID:23077455

  14. [Assessment of health-related quality of life with the German SF-8. A comparison of telephone and postal survey modes].

    PubMed

    Erhart, M; Wetzel, R; Krügel, A; Ravens-Sieberer, U

    2005-12-01

    Within a comprehensive comparison of telephone and postal survey methods the SF-8 was applied to assess adult's health-related quality of life. The 1690 subjects were randomly assigned to a telephone survey and a postal survey. Comparisons across the different modes of administration addressed the response rates, central tendency, deviation, ceiling and floor effects observed in the SF-8 scores as well as the inter-item correlation. The importance of age and gender as moderating factors was investigated. Results indicate no or small statistically significant differences in the responses to the SF-8 depending on the actual mode of administration and the health aspect questioned. It was concluded that further investigations should focus on the exact nature of these deviations and try to generate correction factors.

  15. 39 CFR 3050.11 - Proposals to change an accepted analytical principle applied in the Postal Service's annual...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) To improve the quality, accuracy, or completeness of the data or analysis of data contained in the... include the data, analysis, and documentation on which the proposal is based, and, where feasible, include... the petitioner requests access to data from the Postal Service to support the assertions or...

  16. A reticle retrofit and dosimetric consideration for a linear accelerator.

    PubMed

    Krithivas, V

    1996-01-01

    An imperfect reticle system in an accelerator causes uncertainties in source-skin distance (SSD), off-axis distance (OAD), isocenter, and so forth. A reticle was designed and fabricated, and its implications on x-ray and electron beam dosimetry were investigated. A new reticle frame was dimensioned to fit snugly in the accelerator. The frame was fabricated to carry a pair of adjustable cross wires and to allow the machine operation in the photon and electron modes. The impact of the cross wires on 6 MV photon and 5-10 MeV electron beam parameters such as dose rate (Gy/monitor unit), beam uniformity, surface dose, and so forth, were studied using suitable ion chambers and phantoms. The retrofitted system offered long-term mechanical stability leading to precise SSD, OAD, and isocenter measurements. Changes introduced by the cross wires on the 6 MV photon and 5-10 MeV electron beams are presented. Long-term stability of a reticle in an accelerator is important for an accurate patient setup and for making reliable dosimetric measurements. Beam characteristrics have to be studied whenever modifications on a reticle system are made.

  17. Physical and psychosocial risk factors for musculoskeletal disorders in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workers.

    PubMed

    Harcombe, Helen; McBride, David; Derrett, Sarah; Gray, Andrew

    2010-04-01

    To investigate the association of physical and psychosocial risk factors with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) in New Zealand nurses, postal workers and office workers. A cross-sectional postal survey asking about demographic, physical and psychosocial factors and MSDs. A total of 911 participants was randomly selected; nurses from the Nursing Council of New Zealand database (n=280), postal workers from their employer's database (n=280) and office workers from the 2005 electoral roll (n=351). Self-reported pain in the low back, neck, shoulder, elbow, wrist/hand or knee lasting more than 1 day in the month before the survey. The response rate was 58%, 443 from 770 potential participants. 70% (n=310) reported at least one MSDs. Physical work tasks were associated with low back (odds ratio (OR) 1.35, 95% CI 1.14 to 1.6), shoulder (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.17 to 1.69), elbow (OR 1.14, 95% CI 1.13 to 1.83) and wrist/hand pain (OR 1.39, 95% CI 1.15 to 1.69). Job strain had the strongest association with neck pain (OR 3.46, 95% CI 1.30 to 9.21) and wrist/hand pain. Somatisation was weakly associated with MSDs at most sites. Better general and mental health status were weakly associated with lower odds of MSDs. In injury prevention and rehabilitation the physical nature of the work needs to be addressed for most MSDs, with modest decreases in risk seemingly possible. Addressing job strain could provide significant benefit for those with neck and wrist/hand pain, while the effects of somatisation and the promotion of good mental health may provide smaller but global benefits.

  18. SU-F-T-05: Dosimetric Evaluation and Validation of Newlydeveloped Well Chamber for Use in the Calibration of Brachytherapy Sources

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Saminathan, S; Godson, H; Ponmalar, R

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: To evaluate the dosimetric characteristics of newly developed well type ionization chamber and to validate the results with the commercially available calibrated well chambers that are being used for the calibration of brachytherapy sources. Methods: The newly developed well type ionization chamber (BDS 1000) has been designed for the convenient use in brachytherapy which is open to atmospheric condition. The chamber has a volume of 240 cm3 and weight of 2.5 Kg. The calibration of the radioactive source with activities from 0.01 mCi to 20 Ci can be carried out using this chamber. The dosimetric parameters such as leakagemore » current, stability, scattering effect, ion collection efficiency, reference air kerma rate and nominal response with energy were carried out with the BDS 1000 well type ion chamber. The evaluated dosimetric characteristics of BDS1000 well chamber were validated with two other commercially available well chambers (HDR 1000 plus and BTC/3007). Results: The measured leakage current observed was negligible for the newly developed BDS 1000 well type ion chamber. The ion collection efficiency was close to 1 and the response of the chamber was found to be very stable. The determined sweet spot was at 42 mm from bottom of the chamber insert. The reference air kerma rate was found to be 4.634 × 105 Gym2hr-1A-1 for the BDS 1000 well chamber. The overall dosimetric characteristics of BDS 1000 well chamber was in good agreement with the dosimetric properties of other two well chambers. Conclusion: The dosimetric study shows that the newly developed BDS 1000 well type ionization chamber is high sensitive and reliable chamber for reference air kerma strength calibration. The results obtained confirm that this chamber can be used for the calibration of HDR and LDR brachytherapy sources.« less

  19. Dosimetric parameters of three new solid core I‐125 brachytherapy sources

    PubMed Central

    Solberg, Timothy D.; DeMarco, John J.; Hugo, Geoffrey; Wallace, Robert E.

    2002-01-01

    Monte Carlo calculations and TLD measurements have been performed for the purpose of characterizing dosimetric properties of new commercially available brachytherapy sources. All sources tested consisted of a solid core, upon which a thin layer of I125 has been adsorbed, encased within a titanium housing. The PharmaSeed BT‐125 source manufactured by Syncor is available in silver or palladium core configurations while the ADVANTAGE source from IsoAid has silver only. Dosimetric properties, including the dose rate constant, radial dose function, and anisotropy characteristics were determined according to the TG‐43 protocol. Additionally, the geometry function was calculated exactly using Monte Carlo and compared with both the point and line source approximations. The 1999 NIST standard was followed in determining air kerma strength. Dose rate constants were calculated to be 0.955±0.005,0.967±0.005, and 0.962±0.005 cGyh−1U−1 for the PharmaSeed BT‐125‐1, BT‐125‐2, and ADVANTAGE sources, respectively. TLD measurements were in excellent agreement with Monte Carlo calculations. Radial dose function, g(r), calculated to a distance of 10 cm, and anisotropy function F(r, θ), calculated for radii from 0.5 to 7.0 cm, were similar among all source configurations. Anisotropy constants, ϕ¯an, were calculated to be 0.941, 0.944, and 0.960 for the three sources, respectively. All dosimetric parameters were found to be in close agreement with previously published data for similar source configurations. The MCNP Monte Carlo code appears to be ideally suited to low energy dosimetry applications. PACS number(s): 87.53.–j PMID:11958652

  20. Retrospective evaluation of dosimetric quality for prostate carcinomas treated with 3D conformal, intensity modulated and volumetric modulated arc radiotherapy

    PubMed Central

    Crowe, Scott B; Kairn, Tanya; Middlebrook, Nigel; Hill, Brendan; Christie, David R H; Knight, Richard T; Kenny, John; Langton, Christian M; Trapp, Jamie V

    2013-01-01

    Introduction This study examines and compares the dosimetric quality of radiotherapy treatment plans for prostate carcinoma across a cohort of 163 patients treated across five centres: 83 treated with three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (3DCRT), 33 treated with intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) and 47 treated with volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT). Methods Treatment plan quality was evaluated in terms of target dose homogeneity and organs at risk (OAR), through the use of a set of dose metrics. These included the mean, maximum and minimum doses; the homogeneity and conformity indices for the target volumes; and a selection of dose coverage values that were relevant to each OAR. Statistical significance was evaluated using two-tailed Welch's T-tests. The Monte Carlo DICOM ToolKit software was adapted to permit the evaluation of dose metrics from DICOM data exported from a commercial radiotherapy treatment planning system. Results The 3DCRT treatment plans offered greater planning target volume dose homogeneity than the other two treatment modalities. The IMRT and VMAT plans offered greater dose reduction in the OAR: with increased compliance with recommended OAR dose constraints, compared to conventional 3DCRT treatments. When compared to each other, IMRT and VMAT did not provide significantly different treatment plan quality for like-sized tumour volumes. Conclusions This study indicates that IMRT and VMAT have provided similar dosimetric quality, which is superior to the dosimetric quality achieved with 3DCRT. PMID:26229621

  1. 76 FR 77149 - Authority To Manufacture and Distribute Postage Evidencing Systems

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-12-12

    ... POSTAL SERVICE 39 CFR Part 501 Authority To Manufacture and Distribute Postage Evidencing Systems AGENCY: Postal Service\\TM\\. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This rule clarifies the responsibility of the... reasons stated, 39 CFR part 501 is amended as follows: PART 501--AUTHORIZATION TO MANUFACTURE AND...

  2. Correlation between gamma index passing rate and clinical dosimetric difference for pre-treatment 2D and 3D volumetric modulated arc therapy dosimetric verification

    PubMed Central

    Jin, X; Yan, H; Han, C; Zhou, Y; Yi, J

    2015-01-01

    Objective: To investigate comparatively the percentage gamma passing rate (%GP) of two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) pre-treatment volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) dosimetric verification and their correlation and sensitivity with percentage dosimetric errors (%DE). Methods: %GP of 2D and 3D pre-treatment VMAT quality assurance (QA) with different acceptance criteria was obtained by ArcCHECK® (Sun Nuclear Corporation, Melbourne, FL) for 20 patients with nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) and 20 patients with oesophageal cancer. %DE were calculated from planned dose–volume histogram (DVH) and patients' predicted DVH calculated by 3DVH® software (Sun Nuclear Corporation). Correlation and sensitivity between %GP and %DE were investigated using Pearson's correlation coefficient (r) and receiver operating characteristics (ROCs). Results: Relatively higher %DE on some DVH-based metrics were observed for both patients with NPC and oesophageal cancer. Except for 2%/2 mm criterion, the average %GPs for all patients undergoing VMAT were acceptable with average rates of 97.11% ± 1.54% and 97.39% ± 1.37% for 2D and 3D 3%/3 mm criteria, respectively. The number of correlations for 3D was higher than that for 2D (21 vs 8). However, the general correlation was still poor for all the analysed metrics (9 out of 26 for 3D 3%/3 mm criterion). The average area under the curve (AUC) of ROCs was 0.66 ± 0.12 and 0.71 ± 0.21 for 2D and 3D evaluations, respectively. Conclusions: There is a lack of correlation between %GP and %DE for both 2D and 3D pre-treatment VMAT dosimetric evaluation. DVH-based dose metrics evaluation obtained from 3DVH will provide more useful analysis. Advances in knowledge: Correlation and sensitivity of %GP with %DE for VMAT QA were studied for the first time. PMID:25494412

  3. SU-F-J-179: Commissioning Dosimetric Data of a New 2.5 Megavoltage Imaging Beam from a TrueBeam Linear

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ding, G

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: Recently a new 2.5 megavoltage imaging beam has become available in a TrueBeam linear accelerator for image guidance. There is limited information available related to the beam characteristics. Commissioning dosimetric data of the new imaging is necessary for configuration of the beam in a treatment planning system in order to calculate imaging doses to patients resulting from this new imaging beam. The purpose of this study is to provide measured commissioning data recommended for a beam configuration in a treatment planning system. Methods: A recently installed TrueBeam linear accelerator is equipped with a new low energy photon beam withmore » a nominal energy of 2.5 MV which provides better image quality in addition to other therapeutic megavoltage beams. Dosimetric characteristics of the 2.5 MV are measured for commissioning. An ionization chamber was used to measure dosimetric data including depth-dose curves and dose profiles at different depths for field sizes ranging from 5×5 cm{sup 2} to 40×40 cm{sup 2}. Results: Although the new 2.5 MV beam is a flattening-filter-free (FFF) beam, its dose profiles are much flatter compared to a 6 MV FFF beam. The dose decrease at 20 cm away from the central axis is less than 30% for a 40×40 cm{sup 2} field. This moderately lower dose at off-axis distances benefits the imaging quality. The values of percentage depth-dose (PDD) curves are 53% and 63% for 10×10 cm{sup 2} and 40×40 cm{sup 2} fields respectively. The measured beam output is 0.85 cGy/MU for a reference field size at depth 5 cm obtained according to the AAPM TG-51 protocol. Conclusion: This systematically measured commissioning data is useful for configuring the new imaging beam in a treatment planning system for patient imaging dose calculations resulting from the application of this 2.5 MV beam which is commonly set as a default in imaging procedures.« less

  4. Dosimetric impact of geometric errors due to respiratory motion prediction on dynamic multileaf collimator-based four-dimensional radiation delivery

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Vedam, S.; Docef, A.; Fix, M.

    2005-06-15

    The synchronization of dynamic multileaf collimator (DMLC) response with respiratory motion is critical to ensure the accuracy of DMLC-based four dimensional (4D) radiation delivery. In practice, however, a finite time delay (response time) between the acquisition of tumor position and multileaf collimator response necessitates predictive models of respiratory tumor motion to synchronize radiation delivery. Predicting a complex process such as respiratory motion introduces geometric errors, which have been reported in several publications. However, the dosimetric effect of such errors on 4D radiation delivery has not yet been investigated. Thus, our aim in this work was to quantify the dosimetric effectsmore » of geometric error due to prediction under several different conditions. Conformal and intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) plans for a lung patient were generated for anterior-posterior/posterior-anterior (AP/PA) beam arrangements at 6 and 18 MV energies to provide planned dose distributions. Respiratory motion data was obtained from 60 diaphragm-motion fluoroscopy recordings from five patients. A linear adaptive filter was employed to predict the tumor position. The geometric error of prediction was defined as the absolute difference between predicted and actual positions at each diaphragm position. Distributions of geometric error of prediction were obtained for all of the respiratory motion data. Planned dose distributions were then convolved with distributions for the geometric error of prediction to obtain convolved dose distributions. The dosimetric effect of such geometric errors was determined as a function of several variables: response time (0-0.6 s), beam energy (6/18 MV), treatment delivery (3D/4D), treatment type (conformal/IMRT), beam direction (AP/PA), and breathing training type (free breathing/audio instruction/visual feedback). Dose difference and distance-to-agreement analysis was employed to quantify results. Based on our data

  5. Dosimetric and clinical predictors of radiation-induced lung toxicity in esophageal carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Zhu, Shu-Chai; Shen, Wen-Bin; Liu, Zhi-Kun; Li, Juan; Su, Jing-Wei; Wang, Yu-Xiang

    2011-01-01

    Radiation-induced lung toxicity occurs frequently in patients with esophageal carcinoma. This study aims to evaluate the clinical and three-dimensional dosimetric parameters associated with lung toxicity after radiotherapy for esophageal carcinoma. The records of 56 patients treated for esophageal carcinoma were reviewed. The Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria for grading of lung toxicity were followed. Spearman's correlation test, the chi-square test and logistic regression analyses were used for statistical analysis. Ten of the 56 patients developed acute toxicity. The toxicity grades were grade 2 in 7 patients and grade 3 in 3 patients; none of the patients developed grade 4 or worse toxicity. One case of toxicity occurred during radiotherapy and 9 occurred 2 weeks to 3 months after radiotherapy. The median time was 2.0 months after radiotherapy. Fourteen patients developed late irradiated lung injury, 3 after 3.5 months, 7 after 9 months, and 4 after 14 months. Radiographic imaging demonstrated patchy consolidation (n = 5), atelectasis with parenchymal distortion (n = 6), and solid consolidation (n = 3). For acute toxicity, the irradiated esophageal volume, number of fields, and most dosimetric parameters were predictive. For late toxicity, chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy and other dosimetric parameters were predictive. No obvious association between the occurrence of acute and late injury was observed. The percent of lung tissue receiving at least 25 Gy (V25), the number of fields, and the irradiated length of the esophagus can be used as predictors of the risk of acute toxicity. Lungs V30, as well as chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy, are predictive of late lung injury.

  6. Quantifying the effect of air gap, depth, and range shifter thickness on TPS dosimetric accuracy in superficial PBS proton therapy.

    PubMed

    Shirey, Robert J; Wu, Hsinshun Terry

    2018-01-01

    This study quantifies the dosimetric accuracy of a commercial treatment planning system as functions of treatment depth, air gap, and range shifter thickness for superficial pencil beam scanning proton therapy treatments. The RayStation 6 pencil beam and Monte Carlo dose engines were each used to calculate the dose distributions for a single treatment plan with varying range shifter air gaps. Central axis dose values extracted from each of the calculated plans were compared to dose values measured with a calibrated PTW Markus chamber at various depths in RW3 solid water. Dose was measured at 12 depths, ranging from the surface to 5 cm, for each of the 18 different air gaps, which ranged from 0.5 to 28 cm. TPS dosimetric accuracy, defined as the ratio of calculated dose relative to the measured dose, was plotted as functions of depth and air gap for the pencil beam and Monte Carlo dose algorithms. The accuracy of the TPS pencil beam dose algorithm was found to be clinically unacceptable at depths shallower than 3 cm with air gaps wider than 10 cm, and increased range shifter thickness only added to the dosimetric inaccuracy of the pencil beam algorithm. Each configuration calculated with Monte Carlo was determined to be clinically acceptable. Further comparisons of the Monte Carlo dose algorithm to the measured spread-out Bragg Peaks of multiple fields used during machine commissioning verified the dosimetric accuracy of Monte Carlo in a variety of beam energies and field sizes. Discrepancies between measured and TPS calculated dose values can mainly be attributed to the ability (or lack thereof) of the TPS pencil beam dose algorithm to properly model secondary proton scatter generated in the range shifter. © 2017 The Authors. Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Association of Physicists in Medicine.

  7. SU-E-T-313: Dosimetric Deviation of Misaligned Beams for a 6 MV Photon Linear Accelerator Using Monte Carlo Simulations

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kim, S

    2015-06-15

    Purpose: To quantify the dosimetric variations of misaligned beams for a linear accelerator by using Monte Carlo (MC) simulations. Method and Materials: Misaligned beams of a Varian 21EX Clinac were simulated to estimate the dosimetric effects. All the linac head components for a 6 MV photon beam were implemented in BEAMnrc/EGSnrc system. For incident electron beam parameters, 6 MeV with 0.1 cm full-width-half-max Gaussian beam was used. A phase space file was obtained below the jaw per each misalignment condition of the incident electron beam: (1) The incident electron beams were tilted by 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 degrees on themore » x-axis from the central axis. (2) The center of the incident electron beam was off-axially moved toward +x-axis by 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3 cm away from the central axis. Lateral profiles for each misaligned beam condition were acquired at dmax = 1.5 cm and 10 cm depth in a rectangular water phantom. Beam flatness and symmetry were calculated by using the lateral profile data. Results: The lateral profiles were found to be skewed opposite to the angle of the incident beam for the tilted beams. For the displaced beams, similar skewed lateral profiles were obtained with small shifts of penumbra on the +x-axis. The variations of beam flatness were 3.89–11.18% and 4.12–42.57% for the tilted beam and the translated beam, respectively. The beam symmetry was separately found to be 2.95 −9.93% and 2.55–38.06% separately. It was found that the percent increase of the flatness and the symmetry values are approximated 2 to 3% per 0.5 degree tilt or per 1 mm displacement. Conclusion: This study quantified the dosimetric effects of misaligned beams using MC simulations. The results would be useful to understand the magnitude of the dosimetric deviations for the misaligned beams.« less

  8. SU-E-T-119: Dosimetric and Mechanical Characteristics of Elekta Infinity LINAC with Agility MLC

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Park, J; Xu, Q; Xue, J

    2014-06-01

    Purpose: Elekta Infinity is the one of the latest generation LINAC with unique features. Two Infinity LINACs are recently commissioned at our institution. The dosimetric and mechanical characteristics of the machines are presented. Methods: Both Infinity LINACs with Agility MLC (160 leaves with 0.5 cm leaf width) are configured with five electron energies (6, 9, 12, 15, and 18 MeV) and two photon energies (6 and 15 MV). One machine has additional photon energy (10 MV). The commissioning was performed by following the manufacturer's specifications and AAPM TG recommendations. Beam data of both electron and photon beams are measured withmore » scanning ion chambers and linear diode array. Machines are adjusted to have the dosimetrically equivalent characteristics. Results: The commissioning of mechanical and imaging system meets the tolerances by TG recommendations. The PDD{sub 10} of various field sizes for 6 and 15 MV shows < 0.5% difference between two machines. For each electron beams, R{sub 80} matches with < 0.4 mm difference. The symmetry and flatness agree within 0.8% and 0.9% differences for photon beams, respectively. For electron beams, the differences of the symmetry and flatness are within 1.2% and 0.8%, respectively. The mean inline penumbras for 6, 10, and 15 MV are respectively 5.1±0.24, 5.6±0.07, and 5.9±0.10 mm for 10x10 cm at 10 cm depth. The crossline penumbras are larger than inline penumbras by 2.2, 1.4, and 1.0 mm, respectively. The MLC transmission factor with interleaf leakage is 0.5 % for all photon energies. Conclusion: The dosimetric and mechanical characteristics of two Infinity LINACs show good agreements between them. Although the Elekta Infinity has been used in many institutions, the detailed characteristics of the machine have not been reported. This study provides invaluable information to understand the Infinity LINAC and to compare the quality of commissioning data for other LINACs.« less

  9. Dosimetric feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy

    PubMed Central

    Moteabbed, M.; Schuemann, J.; Paganetti, H.

    2014-01-01

    Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prime candidate for image-guided radiotherapy. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy by quantifying the dosimetric effects induced by the magnetic field in patients’ plans and identifying the associated clinical consequences. Methods: Monte Carlo dose calculation was performed for nine patients of various treatment sites (lung, liver, prostate, brain, skull-base, and spine) and tissue homogeneities, in the presence of 0.5 and 1.5 T magnetic fields. Dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters such as D95, D5, and V20 as well as equivalent uniform dose were compared for the target and organs at risk, before and after applying the magnetic field. The authors further assessed whether the plans affected by clinically relevant dose distortions could be corrected independent of the planning system. Results: By comparing the resulting dose distributions and analyzing the respective DVHs, it was determined that despite the observed lateral beam deflection, for magnetic fields of up to 0.5 T, neither was the target coverage jeopardized nor was the dose to the nearby organs increased in all cases except for prostate. However, for a 1.5 T magnetic field, the dose distortions were more pronounced and of clinical concern in all cases except for spine. In such circumstances, the target was severely underdosed, as indicated by a decrease in D95 of up to 41% of the prescribed dose compared to the nominal situation (no magnetic field). Sites such as liver and spine were less affected due to higher tissue homogeneity, typically smaller beam range, and the choice of beam directions. Simulations revealed that small modifications to certain plan parameters such as beam isocenter (up to 19 mm) and gantry angle (up to 10°) are sufficient to compensate for the magnetic field-induced dose disturbances. The authors’ observations indicate that the degree of required corrections strongly depends

  10. "Do I really want to do this?" Longitudinal cohort study participants' perspectives on postal survey design: a qualitative study

    PubMed Central

    2011-01-01

    Background Randomised controlled trials have investigated aspects of postal survey design yet cannot elaborate on reasons behind participants' decision making and survey behaviour. This paper reports participants' perspectives of the design of, and participation in, a longitudinal postal cohort survey. It describes strengths and weaknesses in study design from the perspectives of study participants and aims to contribute to the: 1) design of future cohort surveys and questionnaires generally and, 2) design of cohort surveys for people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) specifically. Methods In-depth interviews explored the design of postal surveys previously completed by participants. Interviews used open ended questioning with a topic guide for prompts if areas of interest were not covered spontaneously. Thematic data analysis was undertaken based on the framework method. A second researcher verified all coding. Results Data from fourteen interviews were analysed within three main themes; participation, survey design and survey content. One of the main findings was the importance of clear communication aimed at the correct audience both when inviting potential participants to take part and within the survey itself. Providing enough information about the study, having a topic of interest and an explanation of likely benefits of the study were important when inviting people to participate. The neutrality of the survey and origination from a reputable source were both important; as was an explanation about why information was being collected within the survey itself. Study findings included participants' impressions when invited to take part, why they participated, the acceptability of follow-up of non-responders and why participants completed the follow-up postal survey. Also discussed were participants' first impression of the survey, its length, presentation and participants' views about specific questions within the survey. Conclusions Ideas generated in this

  11. "Do I really want to do this?" Longitudinal cohort study participants' perspectives on postal survey design: a qualitative study.

    PubMed

    Harcombe, Helen; Derrett, Sarah; Herbison, Peter; McBride, David

    2011-01-27

    Randomised controlled trials have investigated aspects of postal survey design yet cannot elaborate on reasons behind participants' decision making and survey behaviour. This paper reports participants' perspectives of the design of, and participation in, a longitudinal postal cohort survey. It describes strengths and weaknesses in study design from the perspectives of study participants and aims to contribute to the: 1) design of future cohort surveys and questionnaires generally and, 2) design of cohort surveys for people with musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) specifically. In-depth interviews explored the design of postal surveys previously completed by participants. Interviews used open ended questioning with a topic guide for prompts if areas of interest were not covered spontaneously. Thematic data analysis was undertaken based on the framework method. A second researcher verified all coding. Data from fourteen interviews were analysed within three main themes; participation, survey design and survey content. One of the main findings was the importance of clear communication aimed at the correct audience both when inviting potential participants to take part and within the survey itself. Providing enough information about the study, having a topic of interest and an explanation of likely benefits of the study were important when inviting people to participate. The neutrality of the survey and origination from a reputable source were both important; as was an explanation about why information was being collected within the survey itself. Study findings included participants' impressions when invited to take part, why they participated, the acceptability of follow-up of non-responders and why participants completed the follow-up postal survey. Also discussed were participants' first impression of the survey, its length, presentation and participants' views about specific questions within the survey. Ideas generated in this study provide an insight into

  12. Synthesis and characterization of CaF2:Dy nanophosphor for dosimetric application

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bhadane, Mahesh S.; Patil, B. J.; Dahiwale, S. S.; Kulkarni, M. S.; Bhatt, B. C.; Bhoraskar, V. N.; Dhole, S. D.

    2015-06-01

    In this work, nanoparticles (NPs) of dysprosium doped calcium fluoride (CaF2:Dy) 1 mol % has been prepared using simple chemical co-precipitation method and its thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetric properties were studied. The synthesized nanoparticle sample was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and the particle size of face centered cubic phase NPs was found around 30 nm. The shape, morphology and size were also observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). From gamma irradiated CaF2:Dy TL curves, it was observed that the total areas of all the glow peak intensities are dramatically changed with increase in annealing temperature. Further, TL glow curve of the CaF2:Dy at 183 °C annealed at 400 °C, showed very sharp linear response in the dose range from 1 Gy to 750 Gy. This linear response of CaF2:Dy nanophosphor as a function of gamma dose is very useful from radiation dosimetric point of view.

  13. Dosimetric Characteristics of Wedged Fields

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sidhu, N.P.S.; Breitman, Karen

    2015-01-15

    The beam characteristics of the wedged fields in the nonwedged planes (planes normal to the wedged planes) were studied for 6 MV and 15 MV x-ray beams. A method was proposed for determining the maximum field length of a wedged field that can be used in the nonwedged plane without introducing undesirable alterations in the dose distributions of these fields. The method requires very few measurements. The relative wedge factors of 6 MV and 15 MV X-rays were determined for wedge filters of nominal wedge angles of 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60° as a function of depth and field size.more » For a 6 MV beam the relative wedge factors determined for a field size of 10 × 10 cm{sup 2} for 30°, 45°, and 60° wedge filters can be used for various field sizes ranging from 4 cm{sup 2} to 20 cm{sup 2} (except for the 60° wedge for which the maximum field size that can be used is 15 × 20 cm{sup 2}) without introducing errors in the dosimetric calculations of more than 0.5% for depths up to 20 cm and 1% for depths up to 30 cm. For the 15° wedge filter the relative wedge factor for a field size of 10 × 10 cm{sup 2} can be used over the same range of field sizes by introducing slightly higher error, 0.5% for depths up to 10 cm and 1% for depths up to 30 cm. For a 15 MV beam the maximum magnitude of the relative wedge factors for 45° and 60° lead wedges is of the order of 1%, and it is not important clinically to apply a correction of that magnitude. For a 15 MV beam the relative wedge factors determined for a field size of 6 × 6 cm{sup 2} for the 15° and 30° steel wedges can be used over a range of field sizes from 4 cm{sup 2} to 20 cm{sup 2} without causing dosimetric errors greater than 0.5% for depths up to 10 cm.« less

  14. Patient satisfaction with large-scale out-of-hours primary health care in The Netherlands: development of a postal questionnaire.

    PubMed

    Moll van Charante, Eric; Giesen, Paul; Mokkink, Henk; Oort, Frans; Grol, Richard; Klazinga, Niek; Bindels, Patrick

    2006-08-01

    Since the turn of the millennium, out-of-hours primary health care in The Netherlands has faced a substantial change from small locum groups towards large GP cooperatives. Improving the quality of care requires evaluation of patient satisfaction. To develop a reliable postal questionnaire for wide-scale use by patients contacting their out-of-hours GP cooperative and to present the results of a national survey. Literature review and interviews with both patients and health carers were carried out to identify issues of potential relevance, followed by two postal pilot studies and additional interviews to remove or rephrase items. Finally, postal questionnaires were sent to 14,400 people who contacted one of 24 GP cooperatives in The Netherlands. Overall response was 52.2% for all types of contact. Three scales were identified prior to the field phase and confirmed by principal components analysis: telephone nurse, doctor and organization. Reliability was high, with Cronbach's alphas and intraclass correlation coefficients exceeding 0.70 for all scales. Only items in the organization scale showed clear differences among the participating cooperatives. Respondents receiving telephone advice showed lower levels of satisfaction than respondents with other types of contact (P < 0.001); centre consultation scored lower than home visit (P < 0.030 or less for all differences). A reliable measure of patient satisfaction has been developed that can also be used for the comparison of GP cooperatives on an organizational level. Overall satisfaction was high, showing highest levels for home visit and lowest levels for telephone advice.

  15. A dosimetric comparison of {sup 169}Yb versus {sup 192}Ir for HDR prostate brachytherapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lymperopoulou, G.; Papagiannis, P.; Sakelliou, L.

    2005-12-15

    For the purpose of evaluating the use of {sup 169}Yb for prostate High Dose Rate brachytherapy (HDR), a hypothetical {sup 169}Yb source is assumed with the exact same design of the new microSelectron source replacing the {sup 192}Ir active core by pure {sup 169}Yb metal. Monte Carlo simulation is employed for the full dosimetric characterization of both sources and results are compared following the AAPM TG-43 dosimetric formalism. Monte Carlo calculated dosimetry results are incorporated in a commercially available treatment planning system (SWIFT{sup TM}), which features an inverse treatment planning option based on a multiobjective dose optimization engine. The qualitymore » of prostate HDR brachytherapy using the real {sup 192}Ir and hypothetical {sup 169}Yb source is compared in a comprehensive analysis of different prostate implants in terms of the multiobjective dose optimization solutions as well as treatment quality indices such as Dose Volume Histograms (DVH) and the Conformal Index (COIN). Given that scattering overcompensates for absorption in intermediate photon energies and distances in the range of interest to prostate HDR brachytherapy, {sup 169}Yb proves at least equivalent to {sup 192}Ir irrespective of prostate volume. This has to be evaluated in view of the shielding requirements for the {sup 169}Yb energies that are minimal relative to that for {sup 192}Ir.« less

  16. Visualization of a variety of possible dosimetric outcomes in radiation therapy using dose-volume histogram bands.

    PubMed

    Trofimov, Alexei; Unkelbach, Jan; DeLaney, Thomas F; Bortfeld, Thomas

    2012-01-01

    Dose-volume histograms (DVH) are the most common tool used in the appraisal of the quality of a clinical treatment plan. However, when delivery uncertainties are present, the DVH may not always accurately describe the dose distribution actually delivered to the patient. We present a method, based on DVH formalism, to visualize the variability in the expected dosimetric outcome of a treatment plan. For a case of chordoma of the cervical spine, we compared 2 intensity modulated proton therapy plans. Treatment plan A was optimized based on dosimetric objectives alone (ie, desired target coverage, normal tissue tolerance). Plan B was created employing a published probabilistic optimization method that considered the uncertainties in patient setup and proton range in tissue. Dose distributions and DVH for both plans were calculated for the nominal delivery scenario, as well as for scenarios representing deviations from the nominal setup, and a systematic error in the estimate of range in tissue. The histograms from various scenarios were combined to create DVH bands to illustrate possible deviations from the nominal plan for the expected magnitude of setup and range errors. In the nominal scenario, the DVH from plan A showed superior dose coverage, higher dose homogeneity within the target, and improved sparing of the adjacent critical structure. However, when the dose distributions and DVH from plans A and B were recalculated for different error scenarios (eg, proton range underestimation by 3 mm), the plan quality, reflected by DVH, deteriorated significantly for plan A, while plan B was only minimally affected. In the DVH-band representation, plan A produced wider bands, reflecting its higher vulnerability to delivery errors, and uncertainty in the dosimetric outcome. The results illustrate that comparison of DVH for the nominal scenario alone does not provide any information about the relative sensitivity of dosimetric outcome to delivery uncertainties. Thus, such

  17. Comprehensive Australasian multicentre dosimetric intercomparison: issues, logistics and recommendations.

    PubMed

    Ebert, M A; Harrison, K M; Cornes, D; Howlett, S J; Joseph, D J; Kron, T; Hamilton, C S; Denham, J W

    2009-02-01

    The present paper describes the logistics of the 2004-2008 Australasian Level III Dosimetry Intercomparison. Dosimetric intercomparisons (or 'audits') can be used in radiotherapy to evaluate the accuracy and quality of radiation delivery. An intercomparison was undertaken in New Zealand and Australia to evaluate the feasibility and logistics of ongoing dosimetric intercomparisons that evaluate all steps in the radiotherapy treatment process, known as a 'Level III' intercomparison. The study commenced in 2002 with the establishment of a study team, definition of the study protocol, acquisition of appropriate equipment and recruitment of participating radiotherapy centres. Measurements were undertaken between October 2004 and March 2008, and included collation of data on time, costs and logistics of the study. Forty independent Australian and New Zealand radiotherapy centres agreed to participate. Measurement visits were made to 37 of these centres. Data is presented on the costs of the study and the level of support required. The study involved the participation of 16 staff at the study centre who invested over 4000 hours in the study, and of over 200 professionals at participating centres. Recommendations are provided for future phantom-based intercomparisons. It is hoped that the present paper will be of benefit to any centres or groups contemplating similar activities by identifying the processes involved in establishing the study, the potential hazards and pitfalls, and expected resource requirements.

  18. Effect of heterogeneity correction on dosimetric parameters of radiotherapy planning for thoracic esophageal cancer

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nakayama, Masao, E-mail: naka2008@med.kobe-u.ac.jp; Yoshida, Kenji; Nishimura, Hideki

    2014-04-01

    The present study aimed to investigate the effect of heterogeneity correction (HC) on dosimetric parameters in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning for patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients. Two treatment plans were generated for each patient using a superposition algorithm on the Xio radiotherapy planning system. The first plan was calculated without HC. The second was a new plan calculated with HC, using identical beam geometries and maintaining the same number of monitor units as the first. With regard to the planning target volume (PTV), the overall mean differences in the prescription dose, maximum dose, mean dose,more » and dose that covers 95% of the PTV between the first and second plans were 1.10 Gy (1.8%), 1.35 Gy (2.2%), 1.10 Gy (1.9%), and 0.56 Gy (1.0%), respectively. With regard to parameters related to the organs at risk (OARs), the mean differences in the absolute percentages of lung volume receiving greater than 5, 10, 20, and 30 Gy (lung V{sub 5}, V{sub 10}, V{sub 20}, and V{sub 30}) between the first and second plans were 7.1%, 2.7%, 0.4%, and 0.5%, respectively. These results suggest that HC might have a more pronounced effect on the percentages of lung volume receiving lower doses (e.g., V{sub 5} and V{sub 10}) than on the dosimetric parameters related to the PTV and other OARs.« less

  19. Verification of dosimetric accuracy on the TrueBeam STx: rounded leaf effect of the high definition MLC.

    PubMed

    Kielar, Kayla N; Mok, Ed; Hsu, Annie; Wang, Lei; Luxton, Gary

    2012-10-01

    The dosimetric leaf gap (DLG) in the Varian Eclipse treatment planning system is determined during commissioning and is used to model the effect of the rounded leaf-end of the multileaf collimator (MLC). This parameter attempts to model the physical difference between the radiation and light field and account for inherent leakage between leaf tips. With the increased use of single fraction high dose treatments requiring larger monitor units comes an enhanced concern in the accuracy of leakage calculations, as it accounts for much of the patient dose. This study serves to verify the dosimetric accuracy of the algorithm used to model the rounded leaf effect for the TrueBeam STx, and describes a methodology for determining best-practice parameter values, given the novel capabilities of the linear accelerator such as flattening filter free (FFF) treatments and a high definition MLC (HDMLC). During commissioning, the nominal MLC position was verified and the DLG parameter was determined using MLC-defined field sizes and moving gap tests, as is common in clinical testing. Treatment plans were created, and the DLG was optimized to achieve less than 1% difference between measured and calculated dose. The DLG value found was tested on treatment plans for all energies (6 MV, 10 MV, 15 MV, 6 MV FFF, 10 MV FFF) and modalities (3D conventional, IMRT, conformal arc, VMAT) available on the TrueBeam STx. The DLG parameter found during the initial MLC testing did not match the leaf gap modeling parameter that provided the most accurate dose delivery in clinical treatment plans. Using the physical leaf gap size as the DLG for the HDMLC can lead to 5% differences in measured and calculated doses. Separate optimization of the DLG parameter using end-to-end tests must be performed to ensure dosimetric accuracy in the modeling of the rounded leaf ends for the Eclipse treatment planning system. The difference in leaf gap modeling versus physical leaf gap dimensions is more pronounced in

  20. Dosimetric characteristics of the University of Washington Clinical Neutron Therapy System

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moffitt, Gregory B.; Stewart, Robert D.; Sandison, George A.; Goorley, John T.; Argento, David C.; Jevremovic, Tatjana; Emery, Robert; Wootton, Landon S.; Parvathaneni, Upendra; Laramore, George E.

    2018-05-01

    The University of Washington (UW) Clinical Neutron Therapy System (CNTS), which generates high linear energy transfer fast neutrons through interactions of 50.5 MeV protons incident on a Be target, has depth-dose characteristics similar to 6 MV x-rays. In contrast to the fixed beam angles and primitive blocking used in early clinical trials of neutron therapy, the CNTS has a gantry with a full 360° of rotation, internal wedges, and a multi-leaf collimator (MLC). Since October of 1984, over 3178 patients have received conformal neutron therapy treatments using the UW CNTS. In this work, the physical and dosimetric characteristics of the CNTS are documented through comparisons of measurements and Monte Carlo simulations. A high resolution computed tomography scan of the model 17 ionization chamber (IC-17) has also been used to improve the accuracy of simulations of the absolute calibration geometry. The response of the IC-17 approximates well the kinetic energy released per unit mass (KERMA) in water for neutrons and photons for energies from a few tens of keV up to about 20 MeV. Above 20 MeV, the simulated model 17 ion chamber response is 20%–30% higher than the neutron KERMA in water. For CNTS neutrons, simulated on- and off-axis output factors in water match measured values within ~2%  ±  2% for rectangular and irregularly shaped field with equivalent square areas ranging in a side dimension from 2.8 cm to 30.7 cm. Wedge factors vary by less than 1.9% of the measured dose in water for clinically relevant field sizes. Simulated tissue maximum ratios in water match measured values within 3.3% at depths up to 20 cm. Although the absorbed dose for water and adipose tissue are within 2% at a depth of 1.7 cm, the absorbed dose in muscle and bone can be as much as 12 to 40% lower than the absorbed dose in water. The reported studies are significant from a historical perspective and as additional validation of a new tool for patient quality assurance

  1. Dosimetric characterization of the M−15 high‐dose‐rate Iridium−192 brachytherapy source using the AAPM and ESTRO formalism

    PubMed Central

    Thanh, Minh‐Tri Ho; Munro, John J.

    2015-01-01

    The Source Production & Equipment Co. (SPEC) model M−15 is a new Iridium−192 brachytherapy source model intended for use as a temporary high‐dose‐rate (HDR) brachytherapy source for the Nucletron microSelectron Classic afterloading system. The purpose of this study is to characterize this HDR source for clinical application by obtaining a complete set of Monte Carlo calculated dosimetric parameters for the M‐15, as recommended by AAPM and ESTRO, for isotopes with average energies greater than 50 keV. This was accomplished by using the MCNP6 Monte Carlo code to simulate the resulting source dosimetry at various points within a pseudoinfinite water phantom. These dosimetric values next were converted into the AAPM and ESTRO dosimetry parameters and the respective statistical uncertainty in each parameter also calculated and presented. The M−15 source was modeled in an MCNP6 Monte Carlo environment using the physical source specifications provided by the manufacturer. Iridium−192 photons were uniformly generated inside the iridium core of the model M−15 with photon and secondary electron transport replicated using photoatomic cross‐sectional tables supplied with MCNP6. Simulations were performed for both water and air/vacuum computer models with a total of 4×109 sources photon history for each simulation and the in‐air photon spectrum filtered to remove low‐energy photons below δ=10%keV. Dosimetric data, including D(r,θ),gL(r),F(r,θ),Φan(r), and φ¯an, and their statistical uncertainty were calculated from the output of an MCNP model consisting of an M−15 source placed at the center of a spherical water phantom of 100 cm diameter. The air kerma strength in free space, SK, and dose rate constant, Λ, also was computed from a MCNP model with M−15 Iridium−192 source, was centered at the origin of an evacuated phantom in which a critical volume containing air at STP was added 100 cm from the source center. The reference dose rate, D˙(r0

  2. Correlation of dosimetric parameters obtained with the analytical anisotropic algorithm and toxicity of chest chemoradiation in lung carcinoma

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Cartier, Lysian; Auberdiac, Pierre; Khodri, Mustapha

    The purpose of this study was to analyze and revisit toxicity related to chest chemoradiotherapy and to correlate these side effects with dosimetric parameters obtained using analytical anisotropic algorithm (AAA) in locally unresectable advanced lung cancer. We retrospectively analyzed data from 47 lung cancer patients between 2005 and 2008. All received conformal 3D radiotherapy using high-energy linear accelerator plus concomitant chemotherapy. All treatment planning data were transferred into Eclipse 8.05 (Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA) and dosimetric calculations were performed using AAA. Thirty-three patients (70.2%) developed acute pneumopathy after radiotherapy (grades 1 and 2). One patient (2.1%) presented withmore » grade 3 pneumopathy. Thirty-one (66%) presented with grades 1-2 lung fibrosis, and 1 patient presented with grade 3 lung fibrosis. Thirty-four patients (72.3%) developed grade 1-2 acute oesophagic toxicity. Four patients (8.5%) presented with grades 3 and 4 dysphagia, necessitating prolonged parenteral nutrition. Median prescribed dose was 64 Gy (range 50-74) with conventional fractionation (2 Gy per fraction). Dose-volume constraints were respected with a median V20 of 23.5% (maximum 34%) and a median V30 of 17% (maximum 25%). The median dose delivered to healthy contralateral lung was 13.1 Gy (maximum 18.1 Gy). At univariate analysis, larger planning target volume and V20 were significantly associated with the probability of grade {>=}2 radiation-induced pneumopathy (p = 0.022 and p = 0.017, respectively). No relation between oesophagic toxicity and clinical/dosimetric parameters could be established. Using AAA, the present results confirm the predictive value of the V20 for lung toxicity as already demonstrated with the conventional pencil beam convolution approach.« less

  3. Dosimetric Comparison in Breast Radiotherapy of 4 MV and 6 MV on Physical Chest Simulator

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Donato da Silva, Sabrina; Passos Ribeiro Campos, Tarcisio; Batista Nogueira, Luciana

    2015-07-01

    According to the World Health Organization (2014) breast cancer is the main cause of death by cancer in women worldwide. The biggest challenge of radiotherapy in the treatment of cancer is to deposit the entire prescribed dose homogeneously in the breast, sparing the surrounding tissue. In this context, this paper aimed at evaluating and comparing internal dose distribution in the mammary gland based on experimental procedures submitted to two distinct energy spectra produced in breast cancer radiotherapy. The methodology consisted of reproducing opposite parallel fields used in the treatment of breast tumors in a chest phantom. This simulator with syntheticmore » breast, composed of equivalent tissue material (TE), was previously developed by the NRI Research Group (UFMG). The computer tomography (CT) scan of the simulator was obtained antecedently. The radiotherapy planning systems (TPS) in the chest phantom were performed in the ECLIPSE system from Varian Medical Systems and CAT 3D system from MEVIS. The irradiations were reproduced in the Varian linear accelerator, model SL- 20 Precise, 6 MV energy and Varian linear accelerator, 4 MV Clinac 6x SN11 model. Calibrations of the absorbed dose versus optical density from radiochromic films were generated in order to obtain experimental dosimetric distribution at the films positioned within the glandular and skin equivalent tissues of the chest phantom. The spatial dose distribution showed equivalence with the TPS on measurement data performed in the 6 MV spectrum. The average dose found in radiochromic films placed on the skin ranged from 49 to 79%, and from 39 to 49% in the mammary areola, for the prescribed dose. Dosimetric comparisons between the spectra of 4 and 6 MV, keeping the constant geometry of the fields applied in the same phantom, will be presented showing their equivalence in breast radiotherapy, as well as the variations will be discussed. To sum up, the dose distribution has reached the value

  4. Dosimetric evaluation of the interplay effect in respiratory-gated RapidArc radiation therapy.

    PubMed

    Riley, Craig; Yang, Yong; Li, Tianfang; Zhang, Yongqian; Heron, Dwight E; Huq, M Saiful

    2014-01-01

    Volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) with gating capability has had increasing adoption in many clinics in the United States. In this new technique, dose rate, gantry rotation speed, and the leaf motion speed of multileaf collimators (MLCs) are modulated dynamically during gated beam delivery to achieve highly conformal dose coverage of the target and normal tissue sparing. Compared with the traditional gated intensity-modulated radiation therapy technique, this complicated beam delivery technique may result in larger dose errors due to the intrafraction tumor motion. The purpose of this work is to evaluate the dosimetric influence of the interplay effect for the respiration-gated VMAT technique (RapidArc, Varian Medical Systems, Palo Alto, CA). Our work consisted of two parts: (1) Investigate the interplay effect for different target residual errors during gated RapidArc delivery using a one-dimensional moving phantom capable of producing stable sinusoidal movement; (2) Evaluate the dosimetric influence in ten clinical patients' treatment plans using a moving phantom driven with a patient-specific respiratory curve. For the first part of this study, four plans were created with a spherical target for varying residual motion of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, and 1.0 cm. Appropriate gating windows were applied for each. The dosimetric effect was evaluated using EDR2 film by comparing the gated delivery with static delivery. For the second part of the project, ten gated lung stereotactic body radiotherapy cases were selected and reoptimized to be delivered by the gated RapidArc technique. These plans were delivered to a phantom, and again the gated treatments were compared to static deliveries by the same methods. For regular sinusoidal motion, the dose delivered to the target was not substantially affected by the gating windows when evaluated with the gamma statistics, suggesting the interplay effect has a small role in respiratory-gated RapidArc therapy. Varied results were

  5. X-Ray Attenuation and Absorption for Materials of Dosimetric Interest

    National Institute of Standards and Technology Data Gateway

    SRD 126 X-Ray Attenuation and Absorption for Materials of Dosimetric Interest (Web, free access)   Tables and graphs of the photon mass attenuation coefficient and the mass energy-absorption coefficient are presented for all of the elements Z = 1 to 92, and for 48 compounds and mixtures of radiological interest. The tables cover energies of the photon (x-ray, gamma ray, bremsstrahlung) from 1 keV to 20 MeV.

  6. On the use of advanced numerical models for the evaluation of dosimetric parameters and the verification of exposure limits at workplaces.

    PubMed

    Catarinucci, L; Tarricone, L

    2009-12-01

    With the next transposition of the 2004/40/EC Directive, employers will become responsible for the electromagnetic field level at the workplace. To make this task easier, the scientific community is compiling practical guidelines to be followed. This work aims at enriching such guidelines, especially for the dosimetric issues. More specifically, some critical aspects related to the application of numerical dosimetric techniques for the verification of the safety limit compliance have been highlighted. In particular, three different aspects have been considered: the dosimetric parameter dependence on the shape and the inner characterisation of the exposed subject as well as on the numerical algorithm used, and the correlation between reference limits and basic restriction. Results and discussions demonstrate how, even by using sophisticated numerical techniques, in some cases a complex interpretation of the result is mandatory.

  7. Dosimetric Implications of Residual Tracking Errors During Robotic SBRT of Liver Metastases

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chan, Mark; Tuen Mun Hospital, Hong Kong; Grehn, Melanie

    Purpose: Although the metric precision of robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy in the presence of breathing motion is widely known, we investigated the dosimetric implications of breathing phase–related residual tracking errors. Methods and Materials: In 24 patients (28 liver metastases) treated with the CyberKnife, we recorded the residual correlation, prediction, and rotational tracking errors from 90 fractions and binned them into 10 breathing phases. The average breathing phase errors were used to shift and rotate the clinical tumor volume (CTV) and planning target volume (PTV) for each phase to calculate a pseudo 4-dimensional error dose distribution for comparison with themore » original planned dose distribution. Results: The median systematic directional correlation, prediction, and absolute aggregate rotation errors were 0.3 mm (range, 0.1-1.3 mm), 0.01 mm (range, 0.00-0.05 mm), and 1.5° (range, 0.4°-2.7°), respectively. Dosimetrically, 44%, 81%, and 92% of all voxels differed by less than 1%, 3%, and 5% of the planned local dose, respectively. The median coverage reduction for the PTV was 1.1% (range in coverage difference, −7.8% to +0.8%), significantly depending on correlation (P=.026) and rotational (P=.005) error. With a 3-mm PTV margin, the median coverage change for the CTV was 0.0% (range, −1.0% to +5.4%), not significantly depending on any investigated parameter. In 42% of patients, the 3-mm margin did not fully compensate for the residual tracking errors, resulting in a CTV coverage reduction of 0.1% to 1.0%. Conclusions: For liver tumors treated with robotic stereotactic body radiation therapy, a safety margin of 3 mm is not always sufficient to cover all residual tracking errors. Dosimetrically, this translates into only small CTV coverage reductions.« less

  8. Dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy and photon radiation therapy for locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Hirano, Yasuhiro; Onozawa, Masakatsu; Hojo, Hidehiro; Motegi, Atsushi; Zenda, Sadatomo; Hotta, Kenji; Moriya, Shunsuke; Tachibana, Hidenobu; Nakamura, Naoki; Kojima, Takashi; Akimoto, Tetsuo

    2018-02-09

    The purpose of this study was to perform a dosimetric comparison between proton beam therapy (PBT) and photon radiation therapy in patients with locally advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) who were treated with PBT in our institution. In addition, we evaluated the correlation between toxicities and dosimetric parameters, especially the doses to normal lung or heart tissue, to clarify the clinical advantage of PBT over photon radiation therapy. A total of 37 consecutive patients with Stage III thoracic ESCC who had received PBT with or without concurrent chemotherapy between October 2012 and December 2015 were evaluated in this study. The dose distributions of PBT were compared with those of dummy 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT) and Intensity Modulated Radiation Therapy (IMRT), focusing especially on the doses to organs at risk, such as normal lung and heart tissue. Of the 37 patients, the data from 27 patients were analyzed. Among these 27 patients, four patients (15%) developed grade 2 pericardial effusion as a late toxicity. None of the patients developed grade 3 or worse acute or late pulmonary and cardiac toxicities. When the dosimetric parameters between PBT and planned 3DCRT were compared, all the PBT domestic variables for the lung dose except for lung V10 GyE and V15 GyE were significantly lower than those for the dummy 3DCRT plans, and the PBT domestic variables for the heart dose were also significantly lower than those for the dummy 3DCRT plans. When the PBT and IMRT plans were compared, all the PBT domestic variables for the doses to the lung and heart were significantly lower than those for the dummy IMRT plans. Regarding the correlation between the grades of toxicities and the dosimetric parameters, no significant correlation was seen between the occurrence of grade 2 pericardial effusion and the dose to the heart. When the dosimetric parameters of the dose distributions for the treatment of patients with locally

  9. SU-E-T-132: Dosimetric Impact of Positioning Errors in Hypo-Fractionated Cranial Radiation Therapy Using Frameless Stereotactic BrainLAB System

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Keeling, V; Jin, H; Ali, I

    2014-06-01

    Purpose: To determine dosimetric impact of positioning errors in the stereotactic hypo-fractionated treatment of intracranial lesions using 3Dtransaltional and 3D-rotational corrections (6D) frameless BrainLAB ExacTrac X-Ray system. Methods: 20 cranial lesions, treated in 3 or 5 fractions, were selected. An infrared (IR) optical positioning system was employed for initial patient setup followed by stereoscopic kV X-ray radiographs for position verification. 6D-translational and rotational shifts were determined to correct patient position. If these shifts were above tolerance (0.7 mm translational and 1° rotational), corrections were applied and another set of X-rays was taken to verify patient position. Dosimetric impact (D95, Dmin,more » Dmax, and Dmean of planning target volume (PTV) compared to original plans) of positioning errors for initial IR setup (XC: Xray Correction) and post-correction (XV: X-ray Verification) was determined in a treatment planning system using a method proposed by Yue et al. (Med. Phys. 33, 21-31 (2006)) with 3D-translational errors only and 6D-translational and rotational errors. Results: Absolute mean translational errors (±standard deviation) for total 92 fractions (XC/XV) were 0.79±0.88/0.19±0.15 mm (lateral), 1.66±1.71/0.18 ±0.16 mm (longitudinal), 1.95±1.18/0.15±0.14 mm (vertical) and rotational errors were 0.61±0.47/0.17±0.15° (pitch), 0.55±0.49/0.16±0.24° (roll), and 0.68±0.73/0.16±0.15° (yaw). The average changes (loss of coverage) in D95, Dmin, Dmax, and Dmean were 4.5±7.3/0.1±0.2%, 17.8±22.5/1.1±2.5%, 0.4±1.4/0.1±0.3%, and 0.9±1.7/0.0±0.1% using 6Dshifts and 3.1±5.5/0.0±0.1%, 14.2±20.3/0.8±1.7%, 0.0±1.2/0.1±0.3%, and 0.7±1.4/0.0±0.1% using 3D-translational shifts only. The setup corrections (XC-XV) improved the PTV coverage by 4.4±7.3% (D95) and 16.7±23.5% (Dmin) using 6D adjustment. Strong correlations were observed between translation errors and deviations in dose coverage for XC

  10. Dosimetric Evaluation of Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy and 4-Field 3-D Conformal Radiotherapy in Prostate Cancer Treatment

    PubMed Central

    Uysal, Bora; Beyzadeoğlu, Murat; Sager, Ömer; Dinçoğlan, Ferrat; Demiral, Selçuk; Gamsız, Hakan; Sürenkök, Serdar; Oysul, Kaan

    2013-01-01

    Objective: The purpose of this dosimetric study is the targeted dose homogeneity and critical organ dose comparison of 7-field Intensity Modulated Radiotherapy (IMRT) and 3-D 4-field conformal radiotherapy. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Material and Methods: Twenty patients with low and moderate risk prostate cancer treated at Gülhane Military Medical School Radiation Oncology Department between January 2009 and December 2009 are included in this study. Two seperate dosimetric plans both for 7-field IMRT and 3D-CRT have been generated for each patient to comparatively evaluate the dosimetric status of both techniques and all the patients received 7-field IMRT. Results: Dose-comparative evaluation of two techniques revealed the superiority of IMRT technique with statistically significantly lower femoral head doses along with reduced critical organ dose-volume parameters of bladder V60 (the volume receiving 60 Gy) and rectal V40 (the volume receiving 40 Gy) and V60. Conclusion: It can be concluded that IMRT is an effective definitive management tool for prostate cancer with improved critical organ sparing and excellent dose homogenization in target organs of prostate and seminal vesicles. PMID:25207069

  11. Dosimetric feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Moteabbed, M., E-mail: mmoteabbed@partners.org; Schuemann, J.; Paganetti, H.

    2014-11-01

    Purpose: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a prime candidate for image-guided radiotherapy. This study was designed to assess the feasibility of real-time MRI-guided proton therapy by quantifying the dosimetric effects induced by the magnetic field in patients’ plans and identifying the associated clinical consequences. Methods: Monte Carlo dose calculation was performed for nine patients of various treatment sites (lung, liver, prostate, brain, skull-base, and spine) and tissue homogeneities, in the presence of 0.5 and 1.5 T magnetic fields. Dose volume histogram (DVH) parameters such as D{sub 95}, D{sub 5}, and V{sub 20} as well as equivalent uniform dose were comparedmore » for the target and organs at risk, before and after applying the magnetic field. The authors further assessed whether the plans affected by clinically relevant dose distortions could be corrected independent of the planning system. Results: By comparing the resulting dose distributions and analyzing the respective DVHs, it was determined that despite the observed lateral beam deflection, for magnetic fields of up to 0.5 T, neither was the target coverage jeopardized nor was the dose to the nearby organs increased in all cases except for prostate. However, for a 1.5 T magnetic field, the dose distortions were more pronounced and of clinical concern in all cases except for spine. In such circumstances, the target was severely underdosed, as indicated by a decrease in D{sub 95} of up to 41% of the prescribed dose compared to the nominal situation (no magnetic field). Sites such as liver and spine were less affected due to higher tissue homogeneity, typically smaller beam range, and the choice of beam directions. Simulations revealed that small modifications to certain plan parameters such as beam isocenter (up to 19 mm) and gantry angle (up to 10°) are sufficient to compensate for the magnetic field-induced dose disturbances. The authors’ observations indicate that the degree of

  12. Postal consent for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.

    PubMed

    Shepherd, H A; Bowman, D; Hancock, B; Anglin, J; Hewett, D

    2000-01-01

    Standards for good practice in clinical risk management issued by the Clinical Negligence Scheme for Trusts indicate that "appropriate information is provided to patients on the risks and benefits of proposed treatment, and of the alternatives available before a signature on a consent form is sought". To investigate the practicability and patient acceptability of a postal information and consent booklet for patients undergoing outpatient gastroscopy. Information about gastroscopy procedure, personalised appointment details, and a carbonised consent form were compiled into a single booklet. This was mailed to patients well in advance of their endoscopic procedure. Patient satisfaction for this new process was assessed by questionnaire. 275 patients received a patient information booklet. Of these, 150 (54.5%) returned the consent form by post when they confirmed their attendance; 141 (94%) had signed the form, and the other nine requested further information. Of the remaining 125 booklets sent out, 115 (92%) forms were brought back on the day of the investigation having been previously signed. The remaining 10 (8%) required further information before signing the form. An audit of 168 patients was used to test reaction to the booklet and the idea of filling in the form before coming to hospital; 155 patients (92. 2%) reported the information given in the booklet to be "very useful", and all reported it to be "clear and understandable". A specifically designed patient information booklet with integral consent form is accepted by patients, and improves the level of understanding prior to the investigation being carried out.

  13. SU-F-T-513: Dosimetric Validation of Spatially Fractionated Radiotherapy Using Gel Dosimetry

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Papanikolaou, P; Watts, L; Kirby, N

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: Spatially fractionated radiation therapy, also known as GRID therapy, is used to treat large solid tumors by irradiating the target to a single dose of 10–20Gy through spatially distributed beamlets. We have investigated the use of a 3D gel for dosimetric characterization of GRID therapy. Methods: GRID therapy is an external beam analog of volumetric brachytherapy, whereby we produce a distribution of hot and cold dose columns inside the tumor volume. Such distribution can be produced with a block or by using a checker-like pattern with MLC. We have studied both types of GRID delivery. A cube shaped acrylicmore » phantom was filled with polymer gel and served as a 3D dosimeter. The phantom was scanned and the CT images were used to produce two plans in Pinnacle, one with the grid block and one with the MLC defined grid. A 6MV beam was used for the plan with a prescription of 1500cGy at dmax. The irradiated phantom was scanned in a 3T MRI scanner. Results: 3D dose maps were derived from the MR scans of the gel dosimeter and were found to be in good agreement with the predicted dose distribution from the RTP system. Gamma analysis showed a passing rate of 93% for 5% dose and 2mm DTA scoring criteria. Both relative and absolute dose profiles are in good agreement, except in the peripheral beamlets where the gel measured slightly higher dose, possibly because of the changing head scatter conditions that the RTP is not fully accounting for. Our results have also been benchmarked against ionization chamber measurements. Conclusion: We have investigated the use of a polymer gel for the 3D dosimetric characterization and evaluation of GRID therapy. Our results demonstrated that the planning system can predict fairly accurately the dose distribution for GRID type therapy.« less

  14. Effect of heterogeneity correction on dosimetric parameters of radiotherapy planning for thoracic esophageal cancer.

    PubMed

    Nakayama, Masao; Yoshida, Kenji; Nishimura, Hideki; Miyawaki, Daisuke; Uehara, Kazuyuki; Okamoto, Yoshiaki; Okayama, Takanobu; Sasaki, Ryohei

    2014-01-01

    The present study aimed to investigate the effect of heterogeneity correction (HC) on dosimetric parameters in 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy planning for patients with thoracic esophageal cancer. We retrospectively analyzed 20 patients. Two treatment plans were generated for each patient using a superposition algorithm on the Xio radiotherapy planning system. The first plan was calculated without HC. The second was a new plan calculated with HC, using identical beam geometries and maintaining the same number of monitor units as the first. With regard to the planning target volume (PTV), the overall mean differences in the prescription dose, maximum dose, mean dose, and dose that covers 95% of the PTV between the first and second plans were 1.10Gy (1.8%), 1.35Gy (2.2%), 1.10Gy (1.9%), and 0.56Gy (1.0%), respectively. With regard to parameters related to the organs at risk (OARs), the mean differences in the absolute percentages of lung volume receiving greater than 5, 10, 20, and 30Gy (lung V5, V10, V20, and V30) between the first and second plans were 7.1%, 2.7%, 0.4%, and 0.5%, respectively. These results suggest that HC might have a more pronounced effect on the percentages of lung volume receiving lower doses (e.g., V5 and V10) than on the dosimetric parameters related to the PTV and other OARs. © 2013 Published by American Association of Medical Dosimetrists on behalf of American Association of Medical Dosimetrists.

  15. Dose escalation in permanent brachytherapy for prostate cancer: dosimetric and biological considerations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Li, X. Allen; Wang, Jian Z.; Stewart, Robert D.; Di Biase, Steven J.

    2003-09-01

    No prospective dose escalation study for prostate brachytherapy (PB) with permanent implants has been reported. In this work, we have performed a dosimetric and biological analysis to explore the implications of dose escalation in PB using 125I and 103Pd implants. The concept of equivalent uniform dose (EUD), proposed originally for external-beam radiotherapy (EBRT), is applied to low dose rate brachytherapy. For a given 125I or 103Pd PB, the EUD for tumour that corresponds to a dose distribution delivered by EBRT is calculated based on the linear quadratic model. The EUD calculation is based on the dose volume histogram (DVH) obtained retrospectively from representative actual patient data. Tumour control probabilities (TCPs) are also determined in order to compare the relative effectiveness of different dose levels. The EUD for normal tissue is computed using the Lyman model. A commercial inverse treatment planning algorithm is used to investigate the feasibility of escalating the dose to prostate with acceptable dose increases in the rectum and urethra. The dosimetric calculation is performed for five representative patients with different prostate sizes. A series of PB dose levels are considered for each patient using 125I and 103Pd seeds. It is found that the PB prescribed doses (minimum peripheral dose) that give an equivalent EBRT dose of 64.8, 70.2, 75.6 and 81 Gy with a fraction size of 1.8 Gy are 129, 139, 150 and 161 Gy for 125I and 103, 112, 122 and 132 Gy for 103Pd implants, respectively. Estimates of the EUD and TCP for a series of possible prescribed dose levels (e.g., 145, 160, 170 and 180 Gy for 125I and 125, 135, 145 and 155 for 103Pd implants) are tabulated. The EUD calculation was found to depend strongly on DVHs and radiobiological parameters. The dosimetric calculations suggest that the dose to prostate can be escalated without a substantial increase in both rectal and urethral dose. For example, increasing the PB prescribed dose from 145 to

  16. SU-F-T-431: Dosimetric Validation of Acuros XB Algorithm for Photon Dose Calculation in Water

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kumar, L; Yadav, G; Kishore, V

    2016-06-15

    Purpose: To validate the Acuros XB algorithm implemented in Eclipse Treatment planning system version 11 (Varian Medical System, Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA) for photon dose calculation. Methods: Acuros XB is a Linear Boltzmann transport equation (LBTE) solver that solves LBTE equation explicitly and gives result equivalent to Monte Carlo. 6MV photon beam from Varian Clinac-iX (2300CD) was used for dosimetric validation of Acuros XB. Percentage depth dose (PDD) and profiles (at dmax, 5, 10, 20 and 30 cm) measurements were performed in water for field size ranging from 2×2,4×4, 6×6, 10×10, 20×20, 30×30 and 40×40 cm{sup 2}. Acuros XBmore » results were compared against measurements and anisotropic analytical algorithm (AAA) algorithm. Results: Acuros XB result shows good agreement with measurements, and were comparable to AAA algorithm. Result for PDD and profiles shows less than one percent difference from measurements, and from calculated PDD and profiles by AAA algorithm for all field size. TPS calculated Gamma error histogram values, average gamma errors in PDD curves before dmax and after dmax were 0.28, 0.15 for Acuros XB and 0.24, 0.17 for AAA respectively, average gamma error in profile curves in central region, penumbra region and outside field region were 0.17, 0.21, 0.42 for Acuros XB and 0.10, 0.22, 0.35 for AAA respectively. Conclusion: The dosimetric validation of Acuros XB algorithms in water medium was satisfactory. Acuros XB algorithm has potential to perform photon dose calculation with high accuracy, which is more desirable for modern radiotherapy environment.« less

  17. Feasibility of using postal and web-based surveys to estimate the prevalence of tuberculosis among health care workers in South Africa.

    PubMed

    Manana, Pinky N; Kuonza, Lazarus; Musekiwa, Alfred; Koornhof, Hendrik; Nanoo, Ananta; Ismail, Nazir

    2018-01-01

    Health Care Workers (HCWs) are among the highest risk groups for contracting tuberculosis (TB), which is ranked the third most common occupational health disease in South Africa. Little is known about the true extent of the burden of TB among South African HCWs and current surveillance approaches are inadequate. The study aimed to determine the feasibility of using postal and web-based surveys accessed through registries of registered professionals to estimate the prevalence of TB among HCWs in South Africa. We conducted a cross sectional survey on a sample of professional nurses and doctors (general practitioners) registered on the Medpages database platform; a subscription based registry for practising health care professionals. The survey included professionals who were actively involved in the clinical management of patients, either in public or private health care facilities. The paper based survey, including pre-paid return envelopes, was distributed via the post office and web-based surveys were distributed via e-mail through a hyperlink. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize the data and the Chi-square test to determine associations between categorical variables. Active TB was defined as any history of TB. Out of a total of 3,400 health care professionals contacted, 596 (18%) responses were received: 401 (67%) web-based and 195 (33%) postal. A significantly higher percentage of complete forms were from postal compared to web-based (97% [189/195] versus 87% [348/401], p<0.001). Younger (<60 years) professionals were more likely to use the web-based compared to postal (87% [236/270] versus 71% [134/189], p<0.001). Overall, the prevalence of active TB infection was 8.7%, (95%CI: 6.3%-11.7%) and there was no difference observed between doctors and nurses (10.8% [18/167] versus 7.5% [22/292], p = 0.236). This novel approach demonstrated the feasibility of using an existing registry of professionals to conduct surveys to estimate the prevalence of TB. Our

  18. The dosimetric impact of gadolinium-based contrast media in GBM brain patient plans for a MRI-Linac

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bilal Ahmad, Syed; Paudel, Moti Raj; Sarfehnia, Arman; Kim, Anthony; Pang, Geordi; Ruschin, Mark; Sahgal, Arjun; Keller, Brian M.

    2017-08-01

    Dosimetric effects of gadolinium based contrast media (Gadovist) were evaluated for the Elekta MRI linear accelerator using the research version of the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). In order to represent a gadolinium uptake, the contrast was manually assigned to a phantom as well as to the gross tumour volume (GTV) of 6 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. A preliminary estimate of the dose enhancement, due to gadolinium, was performed using the phantom irradiated with a single beam. A more complicated assessment was performed for the GBM patients using a 7 field IMRT technique. The material table in Monaco was modified in order to identify the presence of a non-biological material. The dose distribution was modelled using GPUMCD (MC algorithm in Monaco) for an unmodified (or default) material table (DMT) as well as for a modified (or custom) material table (CMT) for both the phantom and patients. Various concentrations ranging between 8 and 157 mg ml-1 were used to represent the gadolinium uptake in the patient’s GTV. It was assumed that the gadolinium concentration remained the same for the entire course of radiation treatment. Results showed that at the tissue-Gadovist interface, inside the phantom, dose scored using the DMT was 7% lower compared to that using the CMT for 157 mg ml-1 concentration of gadolinium. Dosimetric differences in the case of the patient study were measured using the DVH parameters. D 50% was higher by 6% when the DMT was used compared to the CMT for dose modelling for a gadolinium concentration of 157 mg ml-1. This difference decreased gradually with decreasing concentration of gadolinium. It was concluded that dosimetric differences can be quantified in Monaco if the tumour-gadolinium concentration is more than 23 mg ml-1. If the gadolinium concentration is lower than 23 mg ml-1, then a correction for the presence of gadolinium may not be necessary in the TPS.

  19. The dosimetric impact of gadolinium-based contrast media in GBM brain patient plans for a MRI-Linac.

    PubMed

    Ahmad, Syed Bilal; Paudel, Moti Raj; Sarfehnia, Arman; Kim, Anthony; Pang, Geordi; Ruschin, Mark; Sahgal, Arjun; Keller, Brian M

    2017-08-01

    Dosimetric effects of gadolinium based contrast media (Gadovist) were evaluated for the Elekta MRI linear accelerator using the research version of the Monaco treatment planning system (TPS). In order to represent a gadolinium uptake, the contrast was manually assigned to a phantom as well as to the gross tumour volume (GTV) of 6 glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patients. A preliminary estimate of the dose enhancement, due to gadolinium, was performed using the phantom irradiated with a single beam. A more complicated assessment was performed for the GBM patients using a 7 field IMRT technique. The material table in Monaco was modified in order to identify the presence of a non-biological material. The dose distribution was modelled using GPUMCD (MC algorithm in Monaco) for an unmodified (or default) material table (DMT) as well as for a modified (or custom) material table (CMT) for both the phantom and patients. Various concentrations ranging between 8 and 157 mg ml -1 were used to represent the gadolinium uptake in the patient's GTV. It was assumed that the gadolinium concentration remained the same for the entire course of radiation treatment. Results showed that at the tissue-Gadovist interface, inside the phantom, dose scored using the DMT was 7% lower compared to that using the CMT for 157 mg ml -1 concentration of gadolinium. Dosimetric differences in the case of the patient study were measured using the DVH parameters. D 50% was higher by 6% when the DMT was used compared to the CMT for dose modelling for a gadolinium concentration of 157 mg ml -1 . This difference decreased gradually with decreasing concentration of gadolinium. It was concluded that dosimetric differences can be quantified in Monaco if the tumour-gadolinium concentration is more than 23 mg ml -1 . If the gadolinium concentration is lower than 23 mg ml -1 , then a correction for the presence of gadolinium may not be necessary in the TPS.

  20. Dosimetric variations due to interfraction organ deformation in cervical cancer brachytherapy.

    PubMed

    Kobayashi, Kazuma; Murakami, Naoya; Wakita, Akihisa; Nakamura, Satoshi; Okamoto, Hiroyuki; Umezawa, Rei; Takahashi, Kana; Inaba, Koji; Igaki, Hiroshi; Ito, Yoshinori; Shigematsu, Naoyuki; Itami, Jun

    2015-12-01

    We quantitatively estimated dosimetric variations due to interfraction organ deformation in multi-fractionated high-dose-rate brachytherapy (HDRBT) for cervical cancer using a novel surface-based non-rigid deformable registration. As the number of consecutive HDRBT fractions increased, simple addition of dose-volume histogram parameters significantly overestimated the dose, compared with distribution-based dose addition. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

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