Sample records for premium performance heating

  1. A comparison of temperature increases produced by "premium" and "standard" diamond burs: An in-vitro study.

    PubMed

    Segal, Pnina; Sap, Danny; Ben-Amar, Ariel; Levartovsky, Shifra; Matalon, Shlomo

    2016-02-01

    Vital tooth preparations may cause irreversible thermal damage to the pulp. The manufacturing techniques of dental burs may decrease heat production and minimize the risk of overheating and trauma to the dental pulp. Strauss (Raanana, Israel) has introduced "premium" diamond burs, claiming superior efficiency and longevity. We sought to determine the safest preparation methods by performing a comparison of intrapulpal temperature increases caused with "standard" and "premium" burs. Three types of diamond burs (F1R, F21R, and K2) were tested on extracted human teeth (n = 8 teeth per bur type). Premium and standard manufacturing techniques were compared for each bur type (n = 24 teeth per group; total 48 teeth). An intrapulpal thermocouple was used to measure the temperature during the procedure. Comparisons were analyzed with the t test and one-way ANOVA. P ≤ .05 was considered significant. All premium burs demonstrated lower temperature increases compared to the standard burs (P ≤ .001 for F21R and K2, P = .086 for F1R). The temperature increases with premium burs were similar for different bur shapes, but the temperature increases with standard burs depended on the bur shape (P < .001). Using premium diamond burs for tooth preparation may reduce the risk of pulp tissue damage, and thus reduce postoperative pulp-associated complications.

  2. Extreme heat reduces and shifts United States premium wine production in the 21st century

    PubMed Central

    White, M. A.; Diffenbaugh, N. S.; Jones, G. V.; Pal, J. S.; Giorgi, F.

    2006-01-01

    Premium wine production is limited to regions climatically conducive to growing grapes with balanced composition and varietal typicity. Three central climatic conditions are required: (i) adequate heat accumulation; (ii) low risk of severe frost damage; and (iii) the absence of extreme heat. Although wine production is possible in an extensive climatic range, the highest-quality wines require a delicate balance among these three conditions. Although historical and projected average temperature changes are known to influence global wine quality, the potential future response of wine-producing regions to spatially heterogeneous changes in extreme events is largely unknown. Here, by using a high-resolution regional climate model forced by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Special Report on Emission Scenarios A2 greenhouse gas emission scenario, we estimate that potential premium winegrape production area in the conterminous United States could decline by up to 81% by the late 21st century. While increases in heat accumulation will shift wine production to warmer climate varieties and/or lower-quality wines, and frost constraints will be reduced, increases in the frequency of extreme hot days (>35°C) in the growing season are projected to eliminate winegrape production in many areas of the United States. Furthermore, grape and wine production will likely be restricted to a narrow West Coast region and the Northwest and Northeast, areas currently facing challenges related to excess moisture. Our results not only imply large changes for the premium wine industry, but also highlight the importance of incorporating fine-scale processes and extreme events in climate-change impact studies. PMID:16840557

  3. Can thermostable vaccines help address cold-chain challenges? Results from stakeholder interviews in six low- and middle-income countries

    PubMed Central

    Kristensen, Debra D.; Lorenson, Tina; Bartholomew, Kate; Villadiego, Shirley

    2016-01-01

    Introduction This study captures the perspectives of stakeholders at multiple levels of the vaccine supply chain regarding their assessment of challenges with storing vaccines within recommended temperature ranges and their perceptions on the benefits of having vaccines with improved stability, including the potential short-term storage and transport of vaccines in a controlled-temperature chain. Methods Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 158 immunization stakeholders in six countries. Interviewees included national decision-makers and advisors involved in vaccine purchasing decisions, national Expanded Programme on Immunization managers, and health and logistics personnel at national, subnational, and health facility levels. Results Challenges with both heat and freeze-exposure of vaccines were recognized in all countries, with heat-exposure being a greater concern. Conditions leading to freeze-exposure including ice build-up due to poor refrigerator performance and improper icepack conditioning were reported by 53% and 28% of participants, respectively. Respondents were interested in vaccine products with improved heat/freeze-stability characteristics. The majority of those involved in vaccine purchasing indicated they would be willing to pay a US$0.05 premium per dose for a freeze-stable pentavalent vaccine (68%) or a heat-stable rotavirus vaccine (59%), although most (53%) preferred not to pay the premium for a heat-stable pentavalent vaccine if the increased stability required changing from a liquid to a lyophilized product. Most respondents (73%) were also interested in vaccines labeled for short-term use in a controlled-temperature chain. The majority (115/158) recognized the flexibility this would provide during outreach or should cold-chain breaks occur. Respondents were also aware that possible confusion might arise and additional training would be required if handling conditions were changed for some, but not all vaccines. Conclusion Participating immunization stakeholders recognized the benefits of vaccine products with improved stability characteristics and of labeling vaccines for controlled-temperature chain use as a means to help address cold-chain issues in their immunization programs. PMID:26778422

  4. 76 FR 52537 - Pay for Sunday Work

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-23

    ... OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT 5 CFR Parts 532 and 550 RIN 3206-AM08 Pay for Sunday Work AGENCY... the payment of Sunday premium pay for work performed on Sundays. The revised Sunday premium pay... Sunday premium pay, pursuant to 5 U.S.C. 5544(a). Intermittent employees continue to be excluded from...

  5. Is premium support the right medicine for Medicare?

    PubMed

    Oberlander, J

    2000-01-01

    This paper assesses the desirability of transforming Medicare into a premium-support system. I focus on three areas crucial to the future of Medicare: cost savings, beneficiary choice, and the stability of traditional Medicare. Based on my analysis of the Bipartisan Commission on the Future of Medicare plan, I find substantial problems with adopting premium support for Medicare. In particular, projections of premium-support savings are based on questionable assumptions that the slowdown in health spending during 1993-1997 can be sustained and extrapolated to future Medicare performance. Consequently, premium support may inadvertently destabilize public Medicare and erode beneficiary choice without achieving substantial savings.

  6. 5 CFR 610.407 - Premium pay for holiday work for employees on compressed work schedules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... schedule who performs work on a holiday is entitled to basic pay, plus premium pay at a rate equal to basic pay, for the work that is not in excess of the employee's compressed work schedule for that day. For... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Premium pay for holiday work for...

  7. The energy impacts of solar heating.

    PubMed

    Whipple, C

    1980-04-18

    The energy required to build and install solar space- and water-heating equipment is compared to the energy it saves under two solar growth paths corresponding to high and low rates of implementation projected by the Domestic Policy Review of Solar Energy. For the rapid growth case, the cumulative energy invested to the year 2000 is calculated to be (1/2) to 1(1/2) times the amount saved. An impact of rapid solar heating implementation is to shift energy demand from premium heating fuels (natural gas and oil) to coal and nuclear power use in the industries that provide materials for solar equipment.

  8. Can thermostable vaccines help address cold-chain challenges? Results from stakeholder interviews in six low- and middle-income countries.

    PubMed

    Kristensen, Debra D; Lorenson, Tina; Bartholomew, Kate; Villadiego, Shirley

    2016-02-10

    This study captures the perspectives of stakeholders at multiple levels of the vaccine supply chain regarding their assessment of challenges with storing vaccines within recommended temperature ranges and their perceptions on the benefits of having vaccines with improved stability, including the potential short-term storage and transport of vaccines in a controlled-temperature chain. Semi-structured interviews were undertaken with 158 immunization stakeholders in six countries. Interviewees included national decision-makers and advisors involved in vaccine purchasing decisions, national Expanded Programme on Immunization managers, and health and logistics personnel at national, subnational, and health facility levels. Challenges with both heat and freeze-exposure of vaccines were recognized in all countries, with heat-exposure being a greater concern. Conditions leading to freeze-exposure including ice build-up due to poor refrigerator performance and improper icepack conditioning were reported by 53% and 28% of participants, respectively. Respondents were interested in vaccine products with improved heat/freeze-stability characteristics. The majority of those involved in vaccine purchasing indicated they would be willing to pay a US$0.05 premium per dose for a freeze-stable pentavalent vaccine (68%) or a heat-stable rotavirus vaccine (59%), although most (53%) preferred not to pay the premium for a heat-stable pentavalent vaccine if the increased stability required changing from a liquid to a lyophilized product. Most respondents (73%) were also interested in vaccines labeled for short-term use in a controlled-temperature chain. The majority (115/158) recognized the flexibility this would provide during outreach or should cold-chain breaks occur. Respondents were also aware that possible confusion might arise and additional training would be required if handling conditions were changed for some, but not all vaccines. Participating immunization stakeholders recognized the benefits of vaccine products with improved stability characteristics and of labeling vaccines for controlled-temperature chain use as a means to help address cold-chain issues in their immunization programs. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  9. Flexible and composite structures for premium pavements. Volume 2, Design manual

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1980-11-01

    This design manual presents the results of a detailed study to identify and design flexible and composite pavement configurations which will perform as premium or "zero-maintenance" pavements. This manual includes identification and classification of...

  10. Optimization of Composition and Heat Treating of Die Steels for Extended Lifetime

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    David Schwam; John F. Wallace; Quanyou Zhou

    2002-01-30

    An ''average'' die casting die costs fifty thousand dollars. A die used in making die cast aluminum engine blocks can cost well over one million dollars. These costs provide a strong incentive for extension of die life. While vacuum quenched Premium Grade H13 dies have become the most widely used in the United States, tool makers and die casters are constantly searching for new steels and heat treating procedures to extend die life. This project was undertaken to investigate the effects of composition and heat treating on die life and optimize these parameters.

  11. Thermophotovoltaic power conversion systems: Current performance and future potential

    DOE PAGES

    Celanovic, Ivan; Bermel, Peter; Soljacic, Marin

    2011-01-01

    Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) systems offer a unique, solid-state approach to converting heat into electricity based on thermal radiation. TPV is particularly suitable for certain classes of power generation applications that are not well served by standard engines, such as long, remote missions where repairs are difficult, and portable generation where space and weight are at a premium. While standard thermophotovoltaics are limited in their conversion efficiency, photonic crystals can improve performance by an order of magnitude for a number of systems. While there are many potential applications, two exemplary systems are discussed: TPV μreactors for portable power generation in a mm-scalemore » form factor, and solar TPV for long-term off-grid power generation from sunlight. In both cases, photonic crystals can enable potential performance exceeding that of many other well-known technologies, such as single-junction photovoltaics.« less

  12. Clean fuel for demanding environmental markets

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Josewicz, W.; Natschke, D.E.

    1995-12-31

    Acurex Environmental Corporation is bringing Clean Fuel to the environmentally demand Krakow market, through the cooperative agreement with the U.S. Department of Energy. Clean fuel is a proprietary clean burning coal-based energy source intended for use in stoves and hand stoked boilers. Clean Fuel is a home heating fuel that is similar in form and function to raw coal, but is more environmentally friendly and lower in cost. The heating value of Clean Fuel is 24,45 kJ/kg. Extensive sets of confirmation runs were conducted in the Academy of Mining and Metallurgy in the Krakow laboratories. It demonstrated up to 54more » percent reduction of particulate matter emission, up to 35 percent reduction of total hydrocarbon emissions. Most importantly, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (toxic and carcinogens compounds) emissions were reduced by up to 85 percent, depending on species measured. The above comparison was made against premium chunk coal that is currently available in Krakow for approximately $83 to 93/ton. Clean Fuel will be made available in Krakow at a price approximately 10 percent lower than that of the premium chunk coal.« less

  13. Impact of Hearing Aid Technology on Outcomes in Daily Life III: Localization.

    PubMed

    Johnson, Jani A; Xu, Jingjing; Cox, Robyn M

    Compared to basic-feature hearing aids, premium-feature hearing aids have more advanced technologies and sophisticated features. The objective of this study was to explore the difference between premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids in horizontal sound localization in both laboratory and daily life environments. We hypothesized that premium-feature hearing aids would yield better localization performance than basic-feature hearing aids. Exemplars of premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids from two major manufacturers were evaluated. Forty-five older adults (mean age 70.3 years) with essentially symmetrical mild to moderate sensorineural hearing loss were bilaterally fitted with each of the four pairs of hearing aids. Each pair of hearing aids was worn during a 4-week field trial and then evaluated using laboratory localization tests and a standardized questionnaire. Laboratory localization tests were conducted in a sound-treated room with a 360°, 24-loudspeaker array. Test stimuli were high frequency and low frequency filtered short sentences. The localization test in quiet was designed to assess the accuracy of front/back localization, while the localization test in noise was designed to assess the accuracy of locating sound sources throughout a 360° azimuth in the horizontal plane. Laboratory data showed that unaided localization was not significantly different from aided localization when all hearing aids were combined. Questionnaire data showed that aided localization was significantly better than unaided localization in everyday situations. Regarding the difference between premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids, laboratory data showed that, overall, the premium-feature hearing aids yielded more accurate localization than the basic-feature hearing aids when high-frequency stimuli were used, and the listening environment was quiet. Otherwise, the premium-feature and basic-feature hearing aids yielded essentially the same performance in other laboratory tests and in daily life. The findings were consistent for both manufacturers. Laboratory tests for two of six major manufacturers showed that premium-feature hearing aids yielded better localization performance than basic-feature hearing aids in one out of four laboratory conditions. There was no difference between the two feature levels in self-reported everyday localization. Effectiveness research with different hearing aid technologies is necessary, and more research with other manufacturers' products is needed. Furthermore, these results confirm previous observations that research findings in laboratory conditions might not translate to everyday life.

  14. 75 FR 18133 - Pay for Sunday Work

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-09

    ...-AM08 Pay for Sunday Work AGENCY: Office of Personnel Management. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: The U... provisions of 5 U.S.C. 5546(a), the statute governing the payment of Sunday premium pay for work performed on Sundays. The revised Sunday premium pay regulations would eliminate references to ``full-time'' employees...

  15. Are Ducted Mini-Splits Worth It?

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Winkler, Jonathan M; Maguire, Jeffrey B; Metzger, Cheryn E.

    Ducted mini-split heat pumps are gaining popularity in some regions of the country due to their energy-efficient specifications and their ability to be hidden from sight. Although product and install costs are typically higher than the ductless mini-split heat pumps, this technology is well worth the premium for some homeowners who do not like to see an indoor unit in their living area. Due to the interest in this technology by local utilities and homeowners, the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) has funded the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) and the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) to develop capabilities within themore » Building Energy Optimization (BEopt) tool to model ducted mini-split heat pumps. After the fundamental capabilities were added, energy-use results could be compared to other technologies that were already in BEopt, such as zonal electric resistance heat, central air source heat pumps, and ductless mini-split heat pumps. Each of these technologies was then compared using five prototype configurations in three different BPA heating zones to determine how the ducted mini-split technology would perform under different scenarios. The result of this project was a set of EnergyPlus models representing the various prototype configurations in each climate zone. Overall, the ducted mini-split heat pumps saved about 33-60% compared to zonal electric resistance heat (with window AC systems modeled in the summer). The results also showed that the ducted mini-split systems used about 4% more energy than the ductless mini-split systems, which saved about 37-64% compared to electric zonal heat (depending on the prototype and climate).« less

  16. 5 CFR 610.111 - Establishment of workweeks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... administrative workweek. All work performed by an employee within the first 40 hours is considered regularly scheduled work for premium pay and hours of duty purposes. Any additional hours of officially ordered or... regularly scheduled work for premium pay and hours of duty purposes. (5 U.S.C. 5548 and 6101(c)) [33 FR...

  17. Pioneering Heat Pump Project

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Aschliman, Dave; Lubbehusen, Mike

    2015-06-30

    This project was initiated at a time when ground coupled heat pump systems in this region were limited in size and quantity. There were economic pressures with costs for natural gas and electric utilities that had many organizations considering ground coupled heat pumps; The research has added to the understanding of how ground temperatures fluctuate seasonally and how this affects the performance and operation of the heat pumps. This was done by using a series of temperature sensors buried within the middle of one of the vertical bore fields with sensors located at various depths below grade. Trending of themore » data showed that there is a lag in ground temperature with respect to air temperatures in the shoulder months, however as full cooling and heating season arrives, the heat rejection and heat extraction from the ground has a significant effect on the ground temps; Additionally it is better understood that while a large community geothermal bore field serving multiple buildings does provide a convenient central plant to use, it introduces complexity of not being able to easily model and predict how each building will contribute to the loads in real time. Additional controllers and programming were added to provide more insight into this real time load profile and allow for intelligent shedding of load via a dry cooler during cool nights in lieu of rejecting to the ground loop. This serves as a means to ‘condition’ the ground loop and mitigate thermal creep of the field, as is typically observed; and It has been observed when compared to traditional heating and cooling equipment, there is still a cost premium to use ground source heat pumps that is driven mostly by the cost for vertical bore holes. Horizontal loop systems are less costly to install, but do not perform as well in this climate zone for heating mode« less

  18. 19 CFR 24.16 - Overtime services; overtime compensation and premium pay for Customs Officers; rate of compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... the officer to return to a place of work. (5) “Commute compensation” means the compensation which a... certain conditions, to perform an overtime work assignment. Commute compensation, within the limits... maximum, in effect for the year involved, in overtime and premium pay a Customs Officer shall receive in...

  19. 19 CFR 24.16 - Overtime services; overtime compensation and premium pay for Customs Officers; rate of compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... the officer to return to a place of work. (5) “Commute compensation” means the compensation which a... certain conditions, to perform an overtime work assignment. Commute compensation, within the limits... maximum, in effect for the year involved, in overtime and premium pay a Customs Officer shall receive in...

  20. 19 CFR 24.16 - Overtime services; overtime compensation and premium pay for Customs Officers; rate of compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... the officer to return to a place of work. (5) “Commute compensation” means the compensation which a... certain conditions, to perform an overtime work assignment. Commute compensation, within the limits... maximum, in effect for the year involved, in overtime and premium pay a Customs Officer shall receive in...

  1. 19 CFR 24.16 - Overtime services; overtime compensation and premium pay for Customs Officers; rate of compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the officer to return to a place of work. (5) “Commute compensation” means the compensation which a... certain conditions, to perform an overtime work assignment. Commute compensation, within the limits... maximum, in effect for the year involved, in overtime and premium pay a Customs Officer shall receive in...

  2. 19 CFR 24.16 - Overtime services; overtime compensation and premium pay for Customs Officers; rate of compensation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... the officer to return to a place of work. (5) “Commute compensation” means the compensation which a... certain conditions, to perform an overtime work assignment. Commute compensation, within the limits... maximum, in effect for the year involved, in overtime and premium pay a Customs Officer shall receive in...

  3. 5 CFR 532.507 - Pay for holiday work.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Pay for holiday work. 532.507 Section 532... SYSTEMS Premium Pay and Differentials § 532.507 Pay for holiday work. (a) An employee who is entitled to holiday premium pay and who performs work on a holiday which is not overtime work shall be paid the...

  4. Asymmetric impacts of global risk appetite on the risk premium for an emerging market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kanlı, İbrahim Burak

    2008-05-01

    This paper analyzes the impact of global risk appetite on the risk premium utilizing high-frequency data. Taking the Turkish economy as our laboratory, we find that the risk premium volatility responds only to a worsening in the risk appetite for the Turkish economy, which is a result that we do not observe for the other emerging markets. Then, we investigate the role of current account dynamics on this asymmetric effect, by focusing also on an economy with similar current account performance. The empirical results find supporting evidence for the role of current account dynamics on the estimated asymmetry.

  5. Compilation of Theses Abstracts

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2005-06-01

    allies; 2) institutes that focus on the integration of teaching and research in direct support of the four pillars of Joint Visions 2010 and 2020 and...in Performance Based Contracts ................. 7 An Analysis of the Marriage and Dependency Premium Among Active Duty Navy Personnel...Decision Support Tool MASTER OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION 8 AN ANALYSIS OF THE MARRIAGE AND DEPENDENCY PREMIUM AMONG ACTIVE DUTY NAVY

  6. Numerical investigation of forced convection of nano fluid flow in horizontal U-longitudinal finned tube heat exchanger

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Qasim, S. M.; Sahar, A. F. A.; Firas, A. A.

    2015-11-01

    A numerical study has been carried out to investigate the heat transfer by laminar forced convection of nanofluid taking Titania (TiO2) and Alumina (Al2O3) as nanoparticles and the water as based fluid in a three dimensional plain and U-longitudinal finned tube heat exchanger. A Solid WORKS PREMIUM 2012 is used to draw the geometries of plain tube heat exchanger or U-longitudinal copper finned tube heat exchanger. Four U-longitudinal copper fins have 100 cm long, 3.8cm height and 1mm thickness are attached to a straight copper tube of 100 cm length, 2.2 cm inner diameter and 2.39 cm outer diameter. The governing equations which used as continuity, momentum and energy equations under assumptions are utilized to predict the flow field, temperature distribution, and heat transfer of the heat exchanger. The finite volume approach is used to obtain all the computational results using commercial ANSYS Fluent copy package 14.0 with assist of solid works and Gambit software program. The effect of various parameters on the performance of heat exchanger are investigated numerically such as Reynolds' number (ranging from 270 to 1900), volume consternation of nanoparticles (0.2%, 0.4%, 0.6%, 0.8%), type of nanoparticles, and mass flow rate of nanofluid in the hot region of heat exchanger. For 0.8% consternation of nanoparticles, heat transfer has significant enhancement in both nanofluids. It can be found about 7.3% for TiO2 and about 7.5% for Al2O3 compared with the water only as a working fluid.

  7. Pricing strategies, the strength of bidding intentions, and online auction performance: a cross-cultural study.

    PubMed

    Peng, Yu-Shu; Jan, Lih-Tsyr

    2009-10-01

    Over the past decade, electronic markets based on the Internet, particularly online auctions, have become popular venues for conducting business. Previous studies often focused on the construction of the best bidding model, while few studies have tried to integrate multiple pricing strategies to predict the probability of closing an auction and the price premium. This study constructs a mediated model to examine the relationship among pricing strategies, the strength of bidding intentions, and online auction performance. The sample consists of 1,055 auctions of iPod MP3 players from eBay Web sites in Hong Kong, Singapore, Belgium, and France. Empirical results show that the pricing strategies directly influence both the probability of closing an auction and the level of price premium. The pricing strategies also indirectly influence the price premium through the mediating effect of the strength of bidding intentions.

  8. 29 CFR 778.310 - Fixed sum for varying amounts of overtime.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... premium in the form of a lump sum which is paid for work performed during overtime hours without regard to... money may be equal to or greater than the sum owed on a per hour basis. For example, an agreement that provides for the payment of a flat sum of $75 to employees who work on Sunday does not provide a premium...

  9. 24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 232.805 Section... FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 232.805 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The...

  10. 24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 232.805 Section... FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 232.805 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The...

  11. 29 CFR 4006.4 - Determination of unfunded vested benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... target under § 4006.5(g) is in effect, its alternative premium funding target under § 4006.5(g). (2... the premium payment year is the excess (if any) of the plan's premium funding target for the premium...) Premium funding target—(1) In general. A plan's premium funding target is its standard premium funding...

  12. 29 CFR 4006.4 - Determination of unfunded vested benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... target under § 4006.5(g) is in effect, its alternative premium funding target under § 4006.5(g). (2... the premium payment year is the excess (if any) of the plan's premium funding target for the premium...) Premium funding target—(1) In general. A plan's premium funding target is its standard premium funding...

  13. 29 CFR 4006.4 - Determination of unfunded vested benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... target under § 4006.5(g) is in effect, its alternative premium funding target under § 4006.5(g). (2... the premium payment year is the excess (if any) of the plan's premium funding target for the premium...) Premium funding target—(1) In general. A plan's premium funding target is its standard premium funding...

  14. 14 CFR 198.13 - Premium insurance-payment of premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Premium insurance-payment of premiums. 198... (CONTINUED) WAR RISK INSURANCE AVIATION INSURANCE § 198.13 Premium insurance—payment of premiums. The insured must pay the premium for insurance issued under this part within the stated period after receipt of...

  15. 24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 241.805 Section... Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage Premiums § 241.805 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The...

  16. 14 CFR 198.13 - Premium insurance-payment of premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Premium insurance-payment of premiums. 198... (CONTINUED) WAR RISK INSURANCE AVIATION INSURANCE § 198.13 Premium insurance—payment of premiums. The insured must pay the premium for insurance issued under this part within the stated period after receipt of...

  17. 24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 241.805 Section... Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage Premiums § 241.805 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The...

  18. 42 CFR 403.254 - Calculation of premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... rate credits. (4) Unearned premium reserve means the portion of gross premiums due that provide for...) Written premiums for the period; plus— (ii) The total premium reserve at the beginning of the period; less— (iii) The total premium reserve at the end of the period. (2) Written premiums in a period means— (i...

  19. A convenient method for the quantitative determination of elemental sulfur in coal by HPLC analysis of perchloroethylene extracts

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Buchanan, D.H.; Coombs, K.J.; Murphy, P.M.; Chaven, C.

    1993-01-01

    A convenient method for the quantitative determination of elemental sulfur in coal is described. Elemental sulfur is extracted from the coal with hot perchloroethylene (PCE) (tetrachloroethene, C2Cl4) and quantitatively determined by HPLC analysis on a C18 reverse-phase column using UV detection. Calibration solutions were prepared from sublimed sulfur. Results of quantitative HPLC analyses agreed with those of a chemical/spectroscopic analysis. The HPLC method was found to be linear over the concentration range of 6 ?? 10-4 to 2 ?? 10-2 g/L. The lower detection limit was 4 ?? 10-4 g/L, which for a coal sample of 20 g is equivalent to 0.0006% by weight of coal. Since elemental sulfur is known to react slowly with hydrocarbons at the temperature of boiling PCE, standard solutions of sulfur in PCE were heated with coals from the Argonne Premium Coal Sample program. Pseudo-first-order uptake of sulfur by the coals was observed over several weeks of heating. For the Illinois No. 6 premium coal, the rate constant for sulfur uptake was 9.7 ?? 10-7 s-1, too small for retrograde reactions between solubilized sulfur and coal to cause a significant loss in elemental sulfur isolated during the analytical extraction. No elemental sulfur was produced when the following pure compounds were heated to reflux in PCE for up to 1 week: benzyl sulfide, octyl sulfide, thiane, thiophene, benzothiophene, dibenzothiophene, sulfuric acid, or ferrous sulfate. A sluury of mineral pyrite in PCE contained elemental sulfur which increased in concentration with heating time. ?? 1993 American Chemical Society.

  20. An Analysis of Cost Premiums and Losses Associated with USAF Military Construction (MILCON)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2013-03-01

    Corps of Engineers (USACE) or the Naval Facilities Engineering Command (NAVFAC) for design and construction of the annual military construction...AFCEC in lieu of AFCEE or AFCESA. The selection, and policies, of design and construction agents may cause cost premiums for Air Force MILCON...private industry best practices such as relational contracting, schedule performance, and design -build procurement methods. All of these research

  1. Effects of plant size, temperature, and light intensity on flowering of Phalaenopsis hybrids in Mediterranean greenhouses.

    PubMed

    Paradiso, Roberta; De Pascale, Stefania

    2014-01-01

    Mediterranean greenhouses for cultivation of Phalaenopsis orchids reproduce the warm, humid, and shaded environment of tropical underbrush. Heating represents the highest production cost, due to the high thermal requirements and the long unproductive phase of juvenility, in which plants attain the critical size for flowering. Our researches aimed to investigate the effect of plant size, temperature, and light intensity, during the phase of flower induction, on flowering of modern genotypes selected for Mediterranean greenhouses. Three experiments were carried out to compare (i) plant size: reduced size versus size considered optimal for flowering (hybrids "Sogo Yukidian," "Chain Xen Diamond," and "Pinlong"); (ii) temperature: moderate reduction of temperature versus standard thermal regime (hybrid "Premium"); (iii) light intensity: supplemental lighting versus reference light intensity (hybrid "Premium"). The premature exposure of plants to the inductive treatment delayed the beginning of flowering and reduced the flower stem quality, in all the tested hybrids. In "Premium," the lower temperature did not affect flowering earliness and commercial quality of flower stems compared to the standard regime, whereas it promoted stem branching. In the same hybrid, supplemental lighting anticipated flowering and promoted the emission of the second stem and the stem branching, compared to the reference light regime.

  2. 76 FR 57082 - Premium Penalty Relief; Alternative Premium Funding Target Election Relief

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-15

    ... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION Premium Penalty Relief; Alternative Premium Funding Target... situations involving alternative premium funding target elections. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Catherine...; Alternative Premium Funding Target Elections; Box 5 Relief).\\1\\ \\1\\ http://www.pbgc.gov/res/other-guidance/tu...

  3. 14 CFR 198.13 - Premium insurance-payment of premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Premium insurance-payment of premiums. 198.13 Section 198.13 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) WAR RISK INSURANCE AVIATION INSURANCE § 198.13 Premium insurance—payment of premiums. The insured...

  4. Premium analysis for copula model: A case study for Malaysian motor insurance claims

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Resti, Yulia; Ismail, Noriszura; Jaaman, Saiful Hafizah

    2014-06-01

    This study performs premium analysis for copula models with regression marginals. For illustration purpose, the copula models are fitted to the Malaysian motor insurance claims data. In this study, we consider copula models from Archimedean and Elliptical families, and marginal distributions of Gamma and Inverse Gaussian regression models. The simulated results from independent model, which is obtained from fitting regression models separately to each claim category, and dependent model, which is obtained from fitting copula models to all claim categories, are compared. The results show that the dependent model using Frank copula is the best model since the risk premiums estimated under this model are closely approximate to the actual claims experience relative to the other copula models.

  5. Patient-centered and visual quality outcomes of premium cataract surgery: a systematic review.

    PubMed

    Wang, Sophia Y; Stem, Maxwell S; Oren, Gale; Shtein, Roni; Lichter, Paul R

    2017-06-26

    Over 8 million cataract surgeries are performed in the United States and the European Union annually, with many patients choosing to pay out of pocket for premium options including premium intraocular lens implants (IOLs) or laser-assisted cataract surgery (LACS). This report provides a systematic review evaluating patient-centered and visual quality outcomes comparing standard monofocal IOLs to premium cataract surgery options. PubMed and EMBASE were searched for publications published between January 1, 1980, and September 18, 2016, on multifocal, accommodative, and toric IOLs, monovision, and LACS, which reported on 1) dysphotopsias, 2) contrast sensitivity, 3) spectacle independence, 4) vision-related quality of life or patient satisfaction, and 5) IOL exchange. Multifocal lenses achieved higher rates of spectacle independence compared to monofocal lenses but also had higher reported frequency of dysphotopsia and worse contrast sensitivity, especially with low light or glare. Accommodative lenses were not associated with reduced contrast sensitivity or more dysphotopsia but had only modest improvements in spectacle independence compared to monofocal lenses. Studies of monovision did not target a sufficiently myopic outcome in the near-vision eye to achieve the full potential for spectacle independence. Patients reported high levels of overall satisfaction regardless of implanted IOL. No studies correlated patient-reported outcomes with patient expectations. Studies are needed to thoroughly compare patient-reported outcomes with concomitant patient expectations. In light of the substantial patient costs for premium options, patients and their surgeons will benefit from a better understanding of which surgical options best meet patients' expectations and how those expectations can be impacted by premium versus monofocal-including monovision-options.

  6. State-based Marketplaces using 'clearinghouse' plan management models are associated with lower premiums.

    PubMed

    Krinn, Kelly; Karaca-Mandic, Pinar; Blewett, Lynn A

    2015-01-01

    The state-based and federally facilitated health insurance Marketplaces, or exchanges, enrolled more than eight million people during the first open enrollment period, which ended March 31, 2014. There is significant variation in how states have designed and implemented their Marketplaces. We examined how premiums varied with states' involvement in the Marketplaces through governance, plan management authority, and strategy during the first year that the exchanges have been open. State-based Marketplaces using "clearinghouse" plan management models had significantly lower adjusted average premiums for all plans within each metal level compared to state-based Marketplaces using "active purchaser" models and the federally facilitated and partnership Marketplaces. Clearinghouse management models are those in which all health plans that meet published criteria are accepted. Active purchaser models are those in which states negotiate premiums, provider networks, number of plans, and benefits. Our baseline estimates provide valuable benchmarks for evaluating future performance of states' involvement in governance, plan management, and regulatory authority of the insurance Marketplaces. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  7. 42 CFR 408.210 - Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium Surcharge Agreements § 408.210 Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement. (a... 42 Public Health 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement. 408...

  8. 42 CFR 408.210 - Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... HUMAN SERVICES MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium Surcharge Agreements § 408.210 Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement. (a... 42 Public Health 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Termination of SMI premium surcharge agreement. 408...

  9. 24 CFR 266.600 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.600 Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion. (a) Initial premium. For projects insured upon completion, on...

  10. 24 CFR 266.600 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.600 Mortgage insurance premium: Insurance upon completion. (a) Initial premium. For projects insured upon completion, on...

  11. 7 CFR 400.170 - General qualifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Have and meet the ratio requirements of the Gross Premium to Surplus and Net Premium to Surplus...) Gross Premium to Surplus Less than 900%. (ii) Net Premium to Surplus Less than 300%. (2) Analytical: (i... estimated retained premium proposed to be reinsured, multiplied by the appropriate Minimum Surplus Factor...

  12. Assessing potential enrollment and budgetary effects of SCHIP premiums: findings from Arizona and Kentucky.

    PubMed

    Kenney, Genevieve; Marton, James; McFeeters, Joshua; Costich, Julia

    2007-12-01

    To assess whether new premiums in SCHIP affect rates of disenrollment and reenrollment in SCHIP and whether they have spillover enrollment effects on Medicaid. We used SCHIP administrative enrollment data from Arizona and Kentucky. The enrollment data covered July 2001 to December 2005 in Arizona and November 2001 to August 2004 in Kentucky. We used administrative data from two states, Arizona and Kentucky, which introduced new premiums for certain income categories in their SCHIP programs in 2004 and 2003, respectively. We used multivariate hazard models to study rates of disenrollment and re-enrollment for the recipients who had been enrolled in the categories of SCHIP in which the new premiums were implemented. Competing hazard models were used to determine if recipients leaving SCHIP following the introduction of the premium were obtaining other public coverage or exiting public insurance entirely at higher rates. We also used time-series models to measure the effect of premiums on changes in caseloads in premium-paying SCHIP and other categories of public coverage and we assessed the budgetary implications of imposing premiums. In both states, the new premiums increased the rate of disenrollment and decreased the rate of re-enrollment in premium-paying SCHIP among the children who were enrolled in those categories before the premiums were implemented. The competing hazard models indicated that almost all of the increased disenrollment is caused by recipients leaving public insurance entirely. The time-series models indicated that the new premium reduced caseloads in premium-paying SCHIP, but that it might have increased caseloads for other types of public coverage. The amount of premiums collected net of the costs associated with administering premiums is small in both states. Estimating the full budgetary effects with certainty was not possible given the imprecision of the key time-series estimates. These results suggest that the new premium reduced enrollment in the premium-paying group by 18 percent (over 3,000 children) in Kentucky and by 5 percent (over 1,000 children) in Arizona, with some of these children apparently leaving public coverage altogether. While most children enrolled in these categories did not appear to be directly affected by the imposition of $10-$20 monthly premiums, the premiums may have caused some children to go without health insurance coverage, which in turn could have adverse effects on their access to care. Imposing nominal premiums may reduce state spending, but projected savings appear to be small relative to total state SCHIP spending and resulting increases in enrollment in other public programs and in uninsurance rates could offset those savings.

  13. 75 FR 62184 - Notification of United States Mint Silver Eagle Bullion Coin Premium Increase

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-10-07

    ... Bullion Coin Premium Increase ACTION: Notification of United States Mint Silver Eagle Bullion Coin Premium Increase. SUMMARY: The United States Mint is increasing the premium charged to Authorized Purchasers for... will increase the premium charged to Authorized Purchasers for American Eagle Silver Bullion Coins...

  14. 29 CFR 4006.3 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Premium rate. 4006.3 Section 4006.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PREMIUMS PREMIUM RATES § 4006.3 Premium rate. Subject to the provisions of § 4006.5 (dealing with exemptions and special rules) and § 4006.7...

  15. 29 CFR 4006.3 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Premium rate. 4006.3 Section 4006.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PREMIUMS PREMIUM RATES § 4006.3 Premium rate. Subject to the provisions of § 4006.5 (dealing with exemptions and special rules) and § 4006.7...

  16. 29 CFR 4006.3 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Premium rate. 4006.3 Section 4006.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PREMIUMS PREMIUM RATES § 4006.3 Premium rate. Subject to the provisions of § 4006.5 (dealing with exemptions and special rules) and § 4006.7...

  17. 29 CFR 4006.3 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Premium rate. 4006.3 Section 4006.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PREMIUMS PREMIUM RATES § 4006.3 Premium rate. Subject to the provisions of § 4006.5 (dealing with exemptions and special rules) and § 4006.7...

  18. 29 CFR 4006.3 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Premium rate. 4006.3 Section 4006.3 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION PREMIUMS PREMIUM RATES § 4006.3 Premium rate. Subject to the provisions of § 4006.5 (dealing with exemptions and special rules) and § 4006.7...

  19. 24 CFR 266.604 - Mortgage insurance premium: Other requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Other... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.604 Mortgage insurance premium: Other..., based upon the respective share of risk, that is to be used in calculating mortgage insurance premiums...

  20. 24 CFR 266.602 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insured advances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Insured... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.602 Mortgage insurance premium: Insured.... On each anniversary of the initial closing, the HFA shall pay an interim mortgage insurance premium...

  1. 38 CFR 6.2 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 6.2 Premium rate. Effective January 1, 1983, United States Government Life Insurance policies, and total disability income provisions, on a premium paying status are paid-up and no... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Premium rate. 6.2 Section...

  2. 31 CFR 337.13 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payment of mortgage insurance premiums... premiums. When book-entry debentures are being purchased prior to maturity to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, the difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the mortgage insurance premiums...

  3. 38 CFR 6.2 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 6.2 Premium rate. Effective January 1, 1983, United States Government Life Insurance policies, and total disability income provisions, on a premium paying status are paid-up and no... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Premium rate. 6.2 Section...

  4. 24 CFR 266.602 - Mortgage insurance premium: Insured advances.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Insured... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.602 Mortgage insurance premium: Insured.... On each anniversary of the initial closing, the HFA shall pay an interim mortgage insurance premium...

  5. 24 CFR 266.604 - Mortgage insurance premium: Other requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Other... Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.604 Mortgage insurance premium: Other..., based upon the respective share of risk, that is to be used in calculating mortgage insurance premiums...

  6. 34 CFR 682.505 - Insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 34 Education 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Insurance premium. 682.505 Section 682.505 Education... Loan Programs § 682.505 Insurance premium. (a) General. The Secretary charges the lender an insurance premium for each Federal GSL Program loan that is guaranteed, except that no insurance premium is charged...

  7. The Pupil Premium: Next Steps

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Sutton Trust, 2015

    2015-01-01

    The pupil premium was introduced by the Coalition government in April 2011 to provide additional funding for disadvantaged pupils. The main difference between the premium and previous funding for disadvantaged pupils is that the premium is linked to individual pupils. On July 1, 2015, The Pupil Premium Summit organized by the Education Endowment…

  8. 28 CFR 345.52 - Premium pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Premium pay. 345.52 Section 345.52... (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Inmate Pay and Benefits § 345.52 Premium pay. Payment of premium pay to... inmates at a location. (a) Eligibility. Inmates in first grade pay status may be considered for premium...

  9. Plan choice, health insurance cost and premium sharing.

    PubMed

    Kosteas, Vasilios D; Renna, Francesco

    2014-05-01

    We develop a model of premium sharing for firms that offer multiple insurance plans. We assume that firms offer one low quality plan and one high quality plan. Under the assumption of wage rigidities we found that the employee's contribution to each plan is an increasing function of that plan's premium. The effect of the other plan's premium is ambiguous. We test our hypothesis using data from the Employer Health Benefit Survey. Restricting the analysis to firms that offer both HMO and PPO plans, we measure the amount of the premium passed on to employees in response to a change in both premiums. We find evidence of large and positive effects of the increase in the plan's premium on the amount of the premium passed on to employees. The effect of the alternative plan's premium is negative but statistically significant only for the PPO plans. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  10. 5 CFR 892.303 - Can I pay my premiums directly by check under the premium conversion plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... under the premium conversion plan? 892.303 Section 892.303 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and Withholdings § 892.303 Can I pay my premiums directly...

  11. 24 CFR 207.252e - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 207.252e Section 207.252e Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... Premiums § 207.252e Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner... mortgagees, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

  12. 24 CFR 207.252e - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 207.252e Section 207.252e Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... Premiums § 207.252e Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner... mortgagees, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

  13. 26 CFR 1.848-2 - Determination of net premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... contracts. With respect to any category of contracts, net premiums means— (i) The gross amount of premiums... subject to the rules of paragraph (h) of this section. (b) Gross amount of premiums and other consideration—(1) General rule. The term “gross amount of premiums and other consideration” means the sum of— (i...

  14. 44 CFR 62.23 - WYO Companies authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... premium and net premium deposits to a Letter of Credit bank account authorized by the Federal Insurance... plans can be offered by the WYO Company so long as the net premium depository requirements specified...-payment of premium will not produce a pro rata return of the net premium deposit to the WYO Company. (8...

  15. Employer contribution and premium growth in health insurance.

    PubMed

    Liu, Yiyan; Jin, Ginger Zhe

    2015-01-01

    We study whether employer premium contribution schemes could impact the pricing behavior of health plans and contribute to rising premiums. Using 1991-2011 data before and after a 1999 premium subsidy policy change in the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP), we find that the employer premium contribution scheme has a differential impact on health plan pricing based on two market incentives: 1) consumers are less price sensitive when they only need to pay part of the premium increase, and 2) each health plan has an incentive to increase the employer's premium contribution to that plan. Both incentives are found to contribute to premium growth. Counterfactual simulation shows that average premium would have been 10% less than observed and the federal government would have saved 15% per year on its premium contribution had the subsidy policy change not occurred in the FEHBP. We discuss the potential of similar incentives in other government-subsidized insurance systems such as the Medicare Part D and the Health Insurance Marketplace under the Affordable Care Act. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. The malpractice premium costs of obstetrics.

    PubMed

    Norton, S A

    1997-01-01

    This study examined, in 1992, the variation in the level of malpractice premiums, and the incremental malpractice premium costs associated with the practice of obstetrics for family practitioners and obstetricians. On average, in 1992 obstetricians and family practitioners providing obstetric services paid malpractice premiums of roughly $44,000 and $16,000, respectively. The incremental increase in malpractice premium costs represented roughly 70% of the premium the physicians would have paid had they not provided obstetric services. These results suggest that for both family practitioners and obstetricians, there is a considerable premium penalty associated with providing obstetric services which may have implications for women's access to obstetric services. Moreover, the results make it clear that physicians practicing in different states, and different specialists within a state, may face very different malpractice premium costs.

  17. Assessing Potential Enrollment and Budgetary Effects of SCHIP Premiums: Findings from Arizona and Kentucky

    PubMed Central

    Kenney, Genevieve; Marton, James; McFeeters, Joshua; Costich, Julia

    2007-01-01

    Objective To assess whether new premiums in SCHIP affect rates of disenrollment and reenrollment in SCHIP and whether they have spillover enrollment effects on Medicaid. Data Source We used SCHIP administrative enrollment data from Arizona and Kentucky. The enrollment data covered July 2001 to December 2005 in Arizona and November 2001 to August 2004 in Kentucky. Study Design We used administrative data from two states, Arizona and Kentucky, which introduced new premiums for certain income categories in their SCHIP programs in 2004 and 2003, respectively. We used multivariate hazard models to study rates of disenrollment and re-enrollment for the recipients who had been enrolled in the categories of SCHIP in which the new premiums were implemented. Competing hazard models were used to determine if recipients leaving SCHIP following the introduction of the premium were obtaining other public coverage or exiting public insurance entirely at higher rates. We also used time-series models to measure the effect of premiums on changes in caseloads in premium-paying SCHIP and other categories of public coverage and we assessed the budgetary implications of imposing premiums. Principal Findings In both states, the new premiums increased the rate of disenrollment and decreased the rate of re-enrollment in premium-paying SCHIP among the children who were enrolled in those categories before the premiums were implemented. The competing hazard models indicated that almost all of the increased disenrollment is caused by recipients leaving public insurance entirely. The time-series models indicated that the new premium reduced caseloads in premium-paying SCHIP, but that it might have increased caseloads for other types of public coverage. The amount of premiums collected net of the costs associated with administering premiums is small in both states. Estimating the full budgetary effects with certainty was not possible given the imprecision of the key time-series estimates. Conclusion These results suggest that the new premium reduced enrollment in the premium-paying group by 18 percent (over 3,000 children) in Kentucky and by 5 percent (over 1,000 children) in Arizona, with some of these children apparently leaving public coverage altogether. While most children enrolled in these categories did not appear to be directly affected by the imposition of $10–$20 monthly premiums, the premiums may have caused some children to go without health insurance coverage, which in turn could have adverse effects on their access to care. Imposing nominal premiums may reduce state spending, but projected savings appear to be small relative to total state SCHIP spending and resulting increases in enrollment in other public programs and in uninsurance rates could offset those savings. PMID:17995547

  18. Tort law and medical malpractice insurance premiums.

    PubMed

    Kilgore, Meredith L; Morrisey, Michael A; Nelson, Leonard J

    2006-01-01

    This paper estimated the effects of tort law and insurer investment returns on physician malpractice insurance premiums. Data were collected on tort law from 1991 through 2004, and multivariate regression models, including fixed effects for state and year, were used to estimate the effect of changes in tort law on medical malpractice premiums. The premium consequences of national policy changes were simulated. The analysis found that the introduction of a new damage cap lowered malpractice premiums for internal medicine, general surgery, and obstetrics/gynecology by 17.3%, 20.7%, and 25.5%, respectively. Lowering damage caps by dollar 100,000 reduced premiums by 4%. Statutes of repose also resulted in lower premiums. No other tort law changes had the effect of lowering premiums. Simulation results indicate that a national cap of dollar 250,000 on awards for noneconomic damages in all states would imply premium savings of dollar 16.9 billion. Extending a dollar 250,000 cap to all states that do not currently have them would save dollar 1.4 billion annually, or about 8% of the total. A negative effect on malpractice premiums was found for the Dow Jones industrial average, but not for bond prices; effects of the Nasdaq index were not significant for internal medicine, but were marginally significant for surgery and obstetrics premiums.

  19. Estimation of a Hedonic Pricing Model for Medigap Insurance

    PubMed Central

    Robst, John

    2006-01-01

    Objective This paper uses a unique database to examine premiums paid by beneficiaries for Medigap supplemental coverage. Average premiums charged by insurers are reported, as well as premiums by enrollee age and gender, and additional policy characteristics. Marginal prices for Medigap benefits are estimated using hedonic price regressions. In addition, the paper considers how additional policy characteristics and geographic differences in the use and cost of medical care affect premiums. Data Sources/Study Setting A comprehensive database on premiums paid by beneficiaries for newly issued Medigap policies in the year 2000 along with state-level characteristics. Study Design Hedonic pricing equations are used to estimate implicit prices for Medigap benefits. Data Collection/Extraction Methods The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services contracted for the creation of a detailed database on Medigap premiums. Data were collected in three stages. First, letters were sent directly to insurers requesting premium data. Second, letters were directly to state insurance commissioner's offices requesting premium data. Last, each state insurance commissioner's office was visited to collect missing data. Principal Findings With the exceptions of the part B deductible and drug benefit, Medigap supplemental insurance is priced consistent with the actuarial value of benefits offered under the standardized plans. Premiums vary substantially based on rating method, whether the policy is guaranteed issue, Medigap Select, or explicitly for smokers. Premiums increase with enrollee age, but do not vary between men and women. The relationship between premiums and enrollee age varies across rating methods. Attained-age policies show the strongest relationship between age and premiums, while community-rated premiums, by definition, do not vary with age. Medigap supplemental insurance premiums are higher in states with poorer health, greater utilization, and greater managed care penetration. Conclusions Despite the high cost, Medigap plans are generally priced in accordance with the actuarial value of benefits. The primary exception is the drug benefit, which appears to be subject to substantial adverse selection. Benefits such as the part B deductible and at-home recovery benefit offer little value to consumers. Several states require insurers to community rate premiums. Such regulation has important implications for premiums, and research needs to consider the impact of such regulation on the Medigap market. PMID:17116111

  20. Estimation of a hedonic pricing model for Medigap insurance.

    PubMed

    Robst, John

    2006-12-01

    This paper uses a unique database to examine premiums paid by beneficiaries for Medigap supplemental coverage. Average premiums charged by insurers are reported, as well as premiums by enrollee age and gender, and additional policy characteristics. Marginal prices for Medigap benefits are estimated using hedonic price regressions. In addition, the paper considers how additional policy characteristics and geographic differences in the use and cost of medical care affect premiums. A comprehensive database on premiums paid by beneficiaries for newly issued Medigap policies in the year 2000 along with state-level characteristics. Hedonic pricing equations are used to estimate implicit prices for Medigap benefits. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services contracted for the creation of a detailed database on Medigap premiums. Data were collected in three stages. First, letters were sent directly to insurers requesting premium data. Second, letters were directly to state insurance commissioner's offices requesting premium data. Last, each state insurance commissioner's office was visited to collect missing data. With the exceptions of the part B deductible and drug benefit, Medigap supplemental insurance is priced consistent with the actuarial value of benefits offered under the standardized plans. Premiums vary substantially based on rating method, whether the policy is guaranteed issue, Medigap Select, or explicitly for smokers. Premiums increase with enrollee age, but do not vary between men and women. The relationship between premiums and enrollee age varies across rating methods. Attained-age policies show the strongest relationship between age and premiums, while community-rated premiums, by definition, do not vary with age. Medigap supplemental insurance premiums are higher in states with poorer health, greater utilization, and greater managed care penetration. Despite the high cost, Medigap plans are generally priced in accordance with the actuarial value of benefits. The primary exception is the drug benefit, which appears to be subject to substantial adverse selection. Benefits such as the part B deductible and at-home recovery benefit offer little value to consumers. Several states require insurers to community rate premiums. Such regulation has important implications for premiums, and research needs to consider the impact of such regulation on the Medigap market.

  1. 26 CFR 1.163-11T - Allocation of certain prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums (temporary). 1.163-11T Section 1.163-11T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Allocation—(1) In general. As provided in section 163(h)(3)(E), premiums... section applies whether the qualified mortgage insurance premiums are paid in cash or are financed...

  2. 26 CFR 1.163-11T - Allocation of certain prepaid qualified mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums (temporary). 1.163-11T Section 1.163-11T Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE... insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Allocation—(1) In general. As provided in section 163(h)(3)(E), premiums... section applies whether the qualified mortgage insurance premiums are paid in cash or are financed...

  3. 29 CFR Appendix to Part 4007 - Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Appendix to Part... PAYMENT OF PREMIUMS Pt. 4007, App. Appendix to Part 4007—Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Sec...? 3What is the purpose of a premium penalty? 4What information is in this Appendix and how is it organized...

  4. 29 CFR Appendix to Part 4007 - Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Appendix to Part... PAYMENT OF PREMIUMS Pt. 4007, App. Appendix to Part 4007—Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Sec...? 3What is the purpose of a premium penalty? 4What information is in this Appendix and how is it organized...

  5. 29 CFR Appendix to Part 4007 - Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Appendix to Part... PAYMENT OF PREMIUMS Pt. 4007, App. Appendix to Part 4007—Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Sec...? 3What is the purpose of a premium penalty? 4What information is in this Appendix and how is it organized...

  6. 29 CFR Appendix to Part 4007 - Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Appendix to Part... PAYMENT OF PREMIUMS Pt. 4007, App. Appendix to Part 4007—Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Sec...? 3What is the purpose of a premium penalty? 4What information is in this Appendix and how is it organized...

  7. 29 CFR Appendix to Part 4007 - Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Appendix to Part... PAYMENT OF PREMIUMS Pt. 4007, App. Appendix to Part 4007—Policy Guidelines On Premium Penalties Sec...? 3What is the purpose of a premium penalty? 4What information is in this Appendix and how is it organized...

  8. The Impact of the ACA on Premiums: Evidence from the Self-Employed.

    PubMed

    Heim, Bradley T; Hunter, Gillian; Lurie, Ithai Z; Ramnath, Shanthi P

    2015-10-01

    This article examines the impact of the Affordable Care Act on premiums by studying a segment of the nongroup market, the self-employed. Because self-employed health insurance premiums are deductible, tax data contain comprehensive individual-level information on the premiums paid by this group prior to the establishment of health insurance exchanges. We compare these prior premiums to reference silver premiums available on the exchanges and find that exchange premiums are 4.2 percent higher on average among the entire sample but 42.3 percent lower on average after taxes and subsidies. We also examine which type of exchange coverage would cost less than the individual's prior health insurance premiums and find that almost 60 percent of families could purchase bronze plans for less than their prior premiums, though only about a quarter could purchase platinum plans. After taxes and subsidies, the fractions increase to over 85 percent for bronze plans and over half for platinum plans. Copyright © 2015 by Duke University Press.

  9. 5 CFR 550.154 - Rates of premium pay payable under § 550.151.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Rates of premium pay payable under § 550... REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Administratively Uncontrollable Work § 550.154 Rates of premium pay payable under § 550.151. (a) An agency may pay the premium pay on an annual basis referred to...

  10. The Association of State Rate Review Authority with Health Insurance Premiums.

    PubMed

    Ticse, Caroline

    2015-10-01

    Key findings. (1) Adjusted premiums in the individual market in states with prior approval authority combined with loss ratio requirements were lower in 2010-2013 than premiums in states with no rate review authority or file-and-use regulations only. (2) Adjusted premiums declined modestly in prior approval states while premiums increased in states with no rate review authority or with file-and-use regulations only. (3) The findings suggest that states with prior approval authority and loss ratio requirements constrained increases in health insurance premiums.

  11. The impact of CHIP premium increases on insurance outcomes among CHIP eligible children

    PubMed Central

    2014-01-01

    Background Within the United States, public insurance premiums are used both to discourage private health policy holders from dropping coverage and to reduce state budget costs. Prior research suggests that the odds of having private coverage and being uninsured increase with increases in public insurance premiums. The aim of this paper is to test effects of Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP) premium increases on public insurance, private insurance, and uninsurance rates. Methods The fact that families just below and above a state-specific income cut-off are likely very similar in terms of observable and unobservable characteristics except the premium contribution provides a natural experiment for estimating the effect of premium increases. Using 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) merged with CHIP premiums, we compare health insurance outcomes for CHIP eligible children as of January 2003 in states with a two-tier premium structure using a cross-sectional regression discontinuity methodology. We use difference-in-differences analysis to compare longitudinal insurance outcomes by December 2003. Results Higher CHIP premiums are associated with higher likelihood of private insurance. Disenrollment from CHIP in response to premium increases over time does not increase the uninsurance rate. Conclusions When faced with higher CHIP premiums, private health insurance may be a preferable alternative for CHIP eligible families with higher incomes. Therefore, competition in the insurance exchanges being formed under the Affordable Care Act could enhance choice. PMID:24589197

  12. The impact of CHIP premium increases on insurance outcomes among CHIP eligible children.

    PubMed

    Nikolova, Silviya; Stearns, Sally

    2014-03-03

    Within the United States, public insurance premiums are used both to discourage private health policy holders from dropping coverage and to reduce state budget costs. Prior research suggests that the odds of having private coverage and being uninsured increase with increases in public insurance premiums. The aim of this paper is to test effects of Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) premium increases on public insurance, private insurance, and uninsurance rates. The fact that families just below and above a state-specific income cut-off are likely very similar in terms of observable and unobservable characteristics except the premium contribution provides a natural experiment for estimating the effect of premium increases. Using 2003 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS) merged with CHIP premiums, we compare health insurance outcomes for CHIP eligible children as of January 2003 in states with a two-tier premium structure using a cross-sectional regression discontinuity methodology. We use difference-in-differences analysis to compare longitudinal insurance outcomes by December 2003. Higher CHIP premiums are associated with higher likelihood of private insurance. Disenrollment from CHIP in response to premium increases over time does not increase the uninsurance rate. When faced with higher CHIP premiums, private health insurance may be a preferable alternative for CHIP eligible families with higher incomes. Therefore, competition in the insurance exchanges being formed under the Affordable Care Act could enhance choice.

  13. Growth and variability in health plan premiums in the individual insurance market before the Affordable Care Act.

    PubMed

    Gruber, Jonathan

    2014-06-01

    Before we can evaluate the impact of the Affordable Care Act on health insurance premiums in the individual market, it is critical to understand the pricing trends of these premiums before the implementation of the law. Using rates of increase in the individual insurance market collected from state regulators, this issue brief documents trends in premium growth in the pre-ACA period. From 2008 to 2010, premiums grew by 10 percent or more per year. This growth was also highly variable across states, and even more variable across insurance plans within states. The study suggests that evaluating trends in premiums requires looking across a broad array of states and plans, and that policymakers must examine how present and future changes in premium rates compare with the more than 10 percent per year premium increases in the years preceding health reform.

  14. Significant factors of aviation insurance and risk management strategy: an empirical study of Taiwanese airline carriers.

    PubMed

    Lin, Yi Hsin; Chang, Yu Hern

    2008-04-01

    Aviation insurance premiums have become a heavy burden for the airline industry since September 11, 2001. Although the industry must constantly balance its operations between profitability and safety, the reality is that airlines are in the business of making money. Therefore, their ability to reduce cost and manage risk is a key factor for success. Unlike past research, which used subjective judgment methods, this study applied quantitative historical data (1999-2000) and gray relation analysis to identify the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance premiums. An empirical study of six airlines in Taiwan was conducted to determine these factors and to analyze the management strategies used to deal with them. Results showed that the loss experience and performance of individual airlines were the key elements associated with aviation insurance premiums paid by each airline. By identifying and understanding the primary factors influencing ratemaking for aviation insurance, airlines will better understand their relative operational strengths and weaknesses, and further help top management identify areas for further improvement. Knowledge of these factors combined with effective risk management strategies, may result in lower premiums and operating costs for airline companies.

  15. Premium assistance in Medicaid and SCHIP: ace in the hole or house of cards?

    PubMed

    Shirk, Cynthia; Ryan, Jennifer

    2006-07-17

    This issue brief explores the use of premium assistance in publicly financed health insurance coverage programs. In the context of Medicaid and the State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), premium assistance entails using federal and state funds to subsidize the premiums for the purchase of private insurance coverage for eligible individuals. This paper considers the evolution of premium assistance and some of the statutory and administrative limitations, as well as private market factors, that have prevented widespread enrollment in Medicaid or SCHIP premium assistance programs. Finally, this issue brief offers some ideas for potential legislative and/or programmatic changes that could facilitate the use of premium assistance as a mechanism for health coverage expansion.

  16. 5 CFR 892.303 - Can I pay my premiums directly by check under the premium conversion plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and Withholdings § 892.303 Can I pay my premiums directly...

  17. 5 CFR 892.303 - Can I pay my premiums directly by check under the premium conversion plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and Withholdings § 892.303 Can I pay my premiums directly...

  18. 5 CFR 892.303 - Can I pay my premiums directly by check under the premium conversion plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and Withholdings § 892.303 Can I pay my premiums directly...

  19. 5 CFR 581.105 - Exclusions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... insurance premiums, including, but not limited to, amounts deducted from civil service annuities for... life insurance premiums from salary or other remuneration for employment, not including amounts... Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums are considered to be normal life insurance premiums; all optional...

  20. Insurer Competition In Federally Run Marketplaces Is Associated With Lower Premiums.

    PubMed

    Jacobs, Paul D; Banthin, Jessica S; Trachtman, Samuel

    2015-12-01

    Federal subsidies for health insurance premiums sold through the Marketplaces are tied to the cost of the benchmark plan, the second-lowest-cost silver plan. According to economic theory, the presence of more competitors should lead to lower premiums, implying smaller federal outlays for premium subsidies. The long-term impact of the Affordable Care Act on government spending will depend on the cost of these premium subsidies over time, with insurer participation and the level of competition likely to influence those costs. We studied insurer participation and premiums during the first two years of the Marketplaces. We found that the addition of a single insurer in a county was associated with a 1.2 percent lower premium for the average silver plan and a 3.5 percent lower premium for the benchmark plan in the federally run Marketplaces. We found that the effect of insurer entry was muted after two or three additional entrants. These findings suggest that increased insurer participation in the federally run Marketplaces reduces federal payments for premium subsidies. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  1. Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale.

    PubMed

    Crowder, David W; Reganold, John P

    2015-06-16

    To promote global food and ecosystem security, several innovative farming systems have been identified that better balance multiple sustainability goals. The most rapidly growing and contentious of these systems is organic agriculture. Whether organic agriculture can continue to expand will likely be determined by whether it is economically competitive with conventional agriculture. Here, we examined the financial performance of organic and conventional agriculture by conducting a meta-analysis of a global dataset spanning 55 crops grown on five continents. When organic premiums were not applied, benefit/cost ratios (-8 to -7%) and net present values (-27 to -23%) of organic agriculture were significantly lower than conventional agriculture. However, when actual premiums were applied, organic agriculture was significantly more profitable (22-35%) and had higher benefit/cost ratios (20-24%) than conventional agriculture. Although premiums were 29-32%, breakeven premiums necessary for organic profits to match conventional profits were only 5-7%, even with organic yields being 10-18% lower. Total costs were not significantly different, but labor costs were significantly higher (7-13%) with organic farming practices. Studies in our meta-analysis accounted for neither environmental costs (negative externalities) nor ecosystem services from good farming practices, which likely favor organic agriculture. With only 1% of the global agricultural land in organic production, our findings suggest that organic agriculture can continue to expand even if premiums decline. Furthermore, with their multiple sustainability benefits, organic farming systems can contribute a larger share in feeding the world.

  2. 42 CFR 408.201 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium Surcharge Agreements § 408.201 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply: SMI premium surcharge means the amount that the standard monthly SMI premium is increased for late enrollment or for...

  3. 42 CFR 408.201 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium Surcharge Agreements § 408.201 Definitions. For purposes of this subpart, the following definitions apply: SMI premium surcharge means the amount that the standard monthly SMI premium is increased for late enrollment or for...

  4. Do "premium" joint implants add value?: analysis of high cost joint implants in a community registry.

    PubMed

    Gioe, Terence J; Sharma, Amit; Tatman, Penny; Mehle, Susan

    2011-01-01

    Numerous joint implant options of varying cost are available to the surgeon, but it is unclear whether more costly implants add value in terms of function or longevity. We evaluated registry survival of higher-cost "premium" knee and hip components compared to lower-priced standard components. Premium TKA components were defined as mobile-bearing designs, high-flexion designs, oxidized-zirconium designs, those including moderately crosslinked polyethylene inserts, or some combination. Premium THAs included ceramic-on-ceramic, metal-on-metal, and ceramic-on-highly crosslinked polyethylene designs. We compared 3462 standard TKAs to 2806 premium TKAs and 868 standard THAs to 1311 premium THAs using standard statistical methods. The cost of the premium implants was on average approximately $1000 higher than the standard implants. There was no difference in the cumulative revision rate at 7-8 years between premium and standard TKAs or THAs. In this time frame, premium implants did not demonstrate better survival than standard implants. Revision indications for TKA did not differ, and infection and instability remained contributors. Longer followup is necessary to demonstrate whether premium implants add value in younger patient groups. Level III, therapeutic study. See Guidelines for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.

  5. Trends in malpractice premiums for dermatologists: results of a national survey.

    PubMed

    Resneck, Jack S

    2006-03-01

    To analyze professional liability premiums in dermatology and factors associated with premium variation. This study examines data from a survey of dermatologists conducted in 2004. Survey respondents (n = 1095) reported mean medical liability premiums of $10,898 in 2004 (95% confidence interval, $10,295-$11,501). Premiums increased by 24.4% in 2003 and 16.7% in 2004. There was substantial variation by state, and mean premiums were higher in American Medical Association (AMA)-declared "crisis states" than in those states listed as "currently OK" ($11,669 vs $9527; P = .03). Premium growth from 2002 through 2004 was higher in AMA crisis states and in states without $250 000 caps in place for noneconomic damages. Even when excluding payment for cosmetic riders, premium levels were higher for dermatologists spending more than 10% of their time in cosmetic practice ($13,816 vs $10,185; P<.001) or more than 30% of their time in noncosmetic surgery ($12,551 vs $10,453; P = .01). While premiums paid by dermatologists for professional liability insurance in 2004 were well below those experienced by higher-risk specialties, geographic factors and state tort law variation seem to be affecting dermatology premiums in much the same way they affect the field of medicine as a whole.

  6. ACA Marketplace premiums and competition among hospitals and physician practices.

    PubMed

    Polyakova, Maria; Bundorf, M Kate; Kessler, Daniel P; Baker, Laurence C

    2018-02-01

    To examine the association between annual premiums for health plans available in Federally Facilitated Marketplaces (FFMs) and the extent of competition and integration among physicians and hospitals, as well as the number of insurers. We used observational data from the Center for Consumer Information and Insurance Oversight on the annual premiums and other characteristics of plans, matched to measures of physician, hospital, and insurer market competitiveness and other characteristics of 411 rating areas in the 37 FFMs. We estimated multivariate models of the relationship between annual premiums and Herfindahl-Hirschman indices of hospitals and physician practices, controlling for the number of insurers, the extent of physician-hospital integration, and other plan and rating area characteristics. Premiums for Marketplace plans were higher in rating areas in which physician, hospital, and insurance markets were less competitive. An increase from the 10th to the 90th percentile of physician concentration and hospital concentration was associated with increases of $393 and $189, respectively, in annual premiums for the Silver plan with the second lowest cost. A similar increase in the number of insurers was associated with a $421 decrease in premiums. Physician-hospital integration was not significantly associated with premiums. Premiums for FFM plans were higher in markets with greater concentrations of hospitals and physicians but fewer insurers. Higher premiums make health insurance less affordable for people purchasing unsubsidized coverage and raise the cost of Marketplace premium tax credits to the government.

  7. Medicaid and CHIP Premiums and Access to Care: A Systematic Review.

    PubMed

    Saloner, Brendan; Hochhalter, Stephanie; Sabik, Lindsay

    2016-03-01

    Premiums are required in Medicaid and the Children's Health Insurance Program in many states. Effects of premiums are raised in policy debates. Our objective was to review effects of premiums on children's coverage and access. PubMed was used to search academic literature from 1995 to 2014. Two reviewers initially screened studies by using abstracts and titles, and 1 additional reviewer screened proposed studies. Included studies focused on publicly insured children, evaluated premium changes in at least 1 state/local program, and used longitudinal or repeated cross-sectional data with pre/postchange measures. We identified 263 studies of which 17 met inclusion criteria. Four studies examined population-level coverage effects by using national survey data, 11 studies examined trends in disenrollment and reenrollment by using administrative data, and 2 studies measured additional outcomes. No eligible studies evaluated health status effects. Increases in premiums were associated with increased disenrollment rates in 7 studies that permitted comparison. Larger premium increases and stringent enforcement tended to have larger effects on disenrollment. At a population level, premiums reduce public insurance enrollment and may increase the uninsured rate for lower-income children. Little is known about effects of premiums on spending or access to care, but 1 study reveals premiums are unlikely to yield substantial revenue. Effect sizes were difficult to compare across studies with administrative data. Public insurance premiums often increase disenrollment from public insurance and may have unintended consequences on overall coverage for low-income children. Copyright © 2016 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  8. 24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... amortization provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

  9. 24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... amortization provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

  10. 24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

  11. 24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

  12. 24 CFR 241.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

  13. 24 CFR 232.805 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... insurance premium equal to one percent of the original face amount of the note. (b) Second premium. The... the first principal payment. (c) Annual insurance premium. Until the note is paid in full, or until... amortization provisions without taking into account delinquent payments or prepayments. ...

  14. 5 CFR 582.103 - Exclusions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... retirement benefits are considered to be supplementary; (f) Are deducted as normal life insurance premiums... coverage. Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums for “Basic Life” coverage are considered to be normal life insurance premiums; all optional Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums and any...

  15. 78 FR 70856 - Information Reporting of Mortgage Insurance Premiums

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-27

    ... Information Reporting of Mortgage Insurance Premiums AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... regulations that require information reporting by persons who receive mortgage insurance premiums, including... reporting requirements that result from the extension of the treatment of mortgage insurance premiums made...

  16. 42 CFR 408.202 - Conditions for participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium... apply to CMS to enter into an SMI premium surcharge agreement if the following conditions are met: (1) Each individual designated for coverage under the premium surcharge agreement must be enrolled in...

  17. 42 CFR 408.202 - Conditions for participation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium... apply to CMS to enter into an SMI premium surcharge agreement if the following conditions are met: (1) Each individual designated for coverage under the premium surcharge agreement must be enrolled in...

  18. 5 CFR 582.103 - Exclusions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... retirement benefits are considered to be supplementary; (f) Are deducted as normal life insurance premiums... coverage. Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums for “Basic Life” coverage are considered to be normal life insurance premiums; all optional Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums and any...

  19. 5 CFR 581.105 - Exclusions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums are considered to be normal life insurance premiums; all optional Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums and life insurance premiums paid for by allotment, such... presents evidence of a tax obligation which supports the additional withholding; (d) Are deducted as health...

  20. 48 CFR 2132.770 - Insurance premium payments and special contingency reserve.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Insurance premium payments... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Contract Funding 2132.770 Insurance premium payments and special contingency reserve. Insurance premium payments and a special contingency reserve are made...

  1. 48 CFR 2132.770 - Insurance premium payments and special contingency reserve.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Insurance premium payments... GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Contract Funding 2132.770 Insurance premium payments and special contingency reserve. Insurance premium payments and a special contingency reserve are made...

  2. 46 CFR 308.514 - Return premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Return premium. 308.514 Section 308.514 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.514 Return premium. No premium will be...

  3. State trends in premiums and deductibles, 2003-2010: the need for action to address rising costs.

    PubMed

    Schoen, Cathy; Fryer, Ashley-Kay; Collins, Sara R; Radley, David C

    2011-11-01

    Rapidly rising health insurance costs continue to strain the budgets of U.S. families and employers. This issue brief analyzes changes in private employer-based health premiums and deductibles for all states from 2003 to 2010, and finds total premiums for family coverage increased 50 percent across states and employee annual share of premiums increased by 63 percent over these seven years. At the same time, per-person deductibles doubled in large, as well as small, firms. If premium trends continue at the rate prior to enactment of the Affordable Care Act, the average premium for family coverage will rise 72 percent by 2020, to nearly $24,000. Health reform offers the potential to reduce insurance cost growth while improving financial protections. If efforts succeed in slowing annual premium growth by 1 percentage point, by 2020 employers and families together would save $2,161 annually for family coverage, compared with projected premiums at historical rates of increase.

  4. Lessons Learned From the Affordable Care Act: The Premium Subsidy Design May Promote Adverse Selection.

    PubMed

    Graetz, Ilana; McKillop, Caitlin N; Kaplan, Cameron M; Waters, Teresa M

    2017-05-01

    Since 2014, average premiums for health plans available in the Affordable Care Act marketplaces have increased. We examine how premium price changes affected the amount consumers pay after subsidies for the lowest-cost bronze and silver plans available by age in the federally facilitated exchanges. Between 2015 and 2016, benchmark plan premiums increased in 83.3% of counties. Overall, rising benchmark premiums were associated with lower average after-subsidy premiums for the lowest-cost bronze and silver plans for older subsidy-eligible adults, but with higher after-subsidy premiums for younger adults purchasing the same plans, regardless of income. With recent discussions to replace or overhaul the Affordable Care Act, it is critical that we learn from the successes and failures of the current policy. Our findings suggest that the subsidy design, which makes rising premiums costlier for younger adults looking to purchase an entry-level plan, may be contributing to adverse selection and instability in the marketplace.

  5. Radiosonde pressure sensor performance - Evaluation using tracking radars

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Parsons, C. L.; Norcross, G. A.; Brooks, R. L.

    1984-01-01

    The standard balloon-borne radiosonde employed for synoptic meteorology provides vertical profiles of temperature, pressure, and humidity as a function of elapsed time. These parameters are used in the hypsometric equation to calculate the geopotential altitude at each sampling point during the balloon's flight. It is important that the vertical location information be accurate. The present investigation was conducted with the objective to evaluate the altitude determination accuracy of the standard radiosonde throughout the entire balloon profile. The tests included two other commercially available pressure sensors to see if they could provide improved accuracy in the stratosphere. The pressure-measuring performance of standard baroswitches, premium baroswitches, and hypsometers in balloon-borne sondes was correlated with tracking radars. It was found that the standard and premium baroswitches perform well up to about 25 km altitude, while hypsometers provide more reliable data above 25 km.

  6. Construction Performance Optimization toward Green Building Premium Cost Based on Greenship Rating Tools Assessment with Value Engineering Method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Latief, Yusuf; Berawi, Mohammed Ali; Basten, Van; Riswanto; Budiman, Rachmat

    2017-07-01

    Green building concept becomes important in current building life cycle to mitigate environment issues. The purpose of this paper is to optimize building construction performance towards green building premium cost, achieving green building rating tools with optimizing life cycle cost. Therefore, this study helps building stakeholder determining building fixture to achieve green building certification target. Empirically the paper collects data of green building in the Indonesian construction industry such as green building fixture, initial cost, operational and maintenance cost, and certification score achievement. After that, using value engineering method optimized green building fixture based on building function and cost aspects. Findings indicate that construction performance optimization affected green building achievement with increasing energy and water efficiency factors and life cycle cost effectively especially chosen green building fixture.

  7. 48 CFR 52.222-2 - Payment for Overtime Premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... in connection with administration, protection, transportation, maintenance, standby plant protection, operation of utilities, or accounting; (3) To perform tests, industrial processes, laboratory procedures...

  8. Health Insurance Marketplaces: Premium Trends in Rural Areas.

    PubMed

    Barker, Abigail R; Kemper, Leah M; McBride, Timothy D; Meuller, Keith J

    2016-05-01

    Since 2014, when the Health Insurance Marketplaces (HIMs) authorized by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) were implemented, considerable premium changes have been observed in the marketplaces across the 50 states and the District of Columbia. This policy brief assesses the changes in average HIM plan premiums from 2014 to 2016, before accounting for subsidies, with an emphasis on the widening variation across rural and urban places. Since this brief focuses on premiums without accounting for subsidies, this is not intended to be an analysis of the "affordability" of ACA premiums, as that would require assessment of premiums, cost-sharing adjustments, and other factors.

  9. Is there evidence that recent consolidation in the health insurance industry has adversely affected premiums?

    PubMed

    Kopit, William G

    2004-01-01

    James Robinson suggests that recent consolidation in the insurance market has been a cause of higher health insurance prices (premiums). Although the recent consolidation among health insurers and rising premiums are indisputable, it is unlikely that consolidation has had any adverse effect on premiums nationwide, and Robinson provides no data that suggest otherwise. Specifically, he does not present data showing an increase in concentration in any relevant market during the past few years, let alone any resulting increase in premiums. Health insurance consolidation in certain local markets could adversely affect premiums, but it seems clear that it is not a major national antitrust issue.

  10. 38 CFR 6.2 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Premium rate. 6.2 Section 6.2 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 6.2 Premium rate. Effective January 1, 1983, United States Government Life...

  11. 38 CFR 6.2 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Premium rate. 6.2 Section 6.2 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 6.2 Premium rate. Effective January 1, 1983, United States Government Life...

  12. 38 CFR 6.2 - Premium rate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Premium rate. 6.2 Section 6.2 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 6.2 Premium rate. Effective January 1, 1983, United States Government Life...

  13. 24 CFR 266.610 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 266.610 Section 266.610 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.610 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner deems appropriate, the...

  14. 24 CFR 220.804 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 220.804 Section... and Obligations-Projects Insured Project Improvement Loans § 220.804 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The lender, upon the initial endorsement of the loan for insurance, shall pay to the Commissioner...

  15. 31 CFR 337.8 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... insurance premiums. When certificated debentures are tendered for purchase prior to maturity in order that the proceeds thereof be applied to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, any difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the amount of the mortgage insurance premium will generally be...

  16. 24 CFR 266.610 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 266.610 Section 266.610 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.610 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the Commissioner deems appropriate, the...

  17. 24 CFR 220.804 - Insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Insurance premiums. 220.804 Section... and Obligations-Projects Insured Project Improvement Loans § 220.804 Insurance premiums. (a) First premium. The lender, upon the initial endorsement of the loan for insurance, shall pay to the Commissioner...

  18. 76 FR 40741 - Federal Housing Administration (FHA) Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Multifamily Housing Programs...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-11

    ... Administration (FHA) Mortgage Insurance Premiums for Multifamily Housing Programs, Health Care Facilities and... mortgage insurance premiums (MIPs) for FHA Multifamily Housing, Health Care Facilities, and Hospital... implement any premium changes for FY 2011 for the multifamily mortgage insurance programs, health care...

  19. 46 CFR 308.514 - Return premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Return premium. 308.514 Section 308.514 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.514 Return premium. No premium will be...

  20. 46 CFR 308.514 - Return premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Return premium. 308.514 Section 308.514 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.514 Return premium. No premium will be...

  1. 46 CFR 308.514 - Return premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Return premium. 308.514 Section 308.514 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.514 Return premium. No premium will be...

  2. 46 CFR 308.514 - Return premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 8 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Return premium. 308.514 Section 308.514 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE War Risk Cargo Insurance Ii-Open Policy War Risk Cargo Insurance § 308.514 Return premium. No premium will be...

  3. In Second Year Of Marketplaces, New Entrants, ACA 'Co-Ops,' And Medicaid Plans Restrain Average Premium Growth Rates.

    PubMed

    Gabel, Jon R; Whitmore, Heidi; Green, Matthew; Stromberg, Sam T; Weinstein, Daniel S; Oran, Rebecca

    2015-12-01

    Premiums for health insurance plans offered through the federally facilitated and state-based Marketplaces remained steady or increased only modestly from 2014 to 2015. We used data from the Marketplaces, state insurance departments, and insurer websites to examine patterns of premium pricing and the factors behind these patterns. Our data came from 2,964 unique plans offered in 2014 and 4,153 unique plans offered in 2015 in forty-nine states and the District of Columbia. Using descriptive and multivariate analysis, we found that the addition of a carrier in a rating area lowered average premiums for the two lowest-cost silver plans and the lowest-cost bronze plan by 2.2 percent. When all plans in a rating area were included, an additional carrier was associated with an average decline in premiums of 1.4 percent. Plans in the Consumer Operated and Oriented Plan Program and Medicaid managed care plans had lower premiums and average premium increases than national commercial and Blue Cross and Blue Shield plans. On average, premiums fell by an appreciably larger amount for catastrophic and bronze plans than for gold plans, and premiums for platinum plans increased. This trend of low premium increases overall is unlikely to continue, however, as insurers are faced with mounting medical claims. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  4. Inclusion of cool roofs in nonresidential Title 24 prescriptive requirements

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Levinson, Ronnen; Akbari, Hashem; Konopacki, Steve

    2002-12-15

    Roofs that have high solar reflectance (high ability to reflect sunlight) and high thermal emittance (high ability to radiate heat) tend to stay cool in the sun. The same is true of low-emittance roofs with exceptionally high solar reflectance. Substituting a cool roof for a noncool roof tends to decrease cooling electricity use, cooling power demand, and cooling-equipment capacity requirements, while slightly increasing heating energy consumption. Cool roofs can also lower the ambient air temperature in summer, slowing ozone formation and increasing human comfort. DOE-2.1E building energy simulations indicate that use of a cool roofing material on a prototypical Californiamore » nonresidential building with a low-sloped roof yields average annual cooling energy savings of approximately 300 kWh/1000 ft2 [3.2 kWh/m2], average annual natural gas deficits of 4.9 therm/1000 ft2 [5.6 MJ/m2], average source energy savings of 2.6 MBTU/1000 ft2 [30 MJ/m2], and average peak power demand savings of 0. 19 kW/1000 ft2 [2.1 W/m2]. The 15-year net present value (NPV) of energy savings averages $450/1000 ft2 [$4.90/m2] with time dependent valuation (TDV), and $370/1000 ft2 [$4.00/m2] without TDV. When cost savings from downsizing cooling equipment are included, the average total savings (15-year NPV + equipment savings) rises to $550/1000 ft2 [$5.90/m2] with TDV, and to $470/1000 ft2 [$5.00/m2] without TDV. Total savings range from 0.18 to 0.77 $/ft2 [1.90 to 8.30 $/m2] with TDV, and from 0.16 to 0.66 $/ft2 [1.70 to 7.10 $/m2] without TDV, across California's 16 climate zones. The typical cost premium for a cool roof is 0.00 to 0.20 $/ft2 [0.00 to 2.20 $/m2]. Cool roofs with premiums up to $0.20/ft2 [$2.20/m2] are expected to be cost effective in climate zones 2 through 16; those with premiums not exceeding $0.18/ft2 [$1.90/m2] are expected to be also cost effective in climate zone 1. Hence, this study recommends that the year-2005 California building energy efficiency code (Title 24, Pa rt 6 of the California Code of Regulations) for nonresidential buildings with low-sloped roofs include a cool-roof prescriptive requirement in all California climate zones. Buildings with roofs that do not meet prescriptive requirements may comply with the code via an ''overall-envelope'' approach (non-metal roofs only), or via a performance approach (all roof types).« less

  5. Physical Premium Principle: A New Way for Insurance Pricing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Darooneh, Amir H.

    2005-03-01

    In our previous work we suggested a way for computing the non-life insurance premium. The probable surplus of the insurer company assumed to be distributed according to the canonical ensemble theory. The Esscher premium principle appeared as its special case. The difference between our method and traditional principles for premium calculation was shown by simulation. Here we construct a theoretical foundation for the main assumption in our method, in this respect we present a new (physical) definition for the economic equilibrium. This approach let us to apply the maximum entropy principle in the economic systems. We also extend our method to deal with the problem of premium calculation for correlated risk categories. Like the Buhlman economic premium principle our method considers the effect of the market on the premium but in a different way.

  6. 46 CFR 298.21 - Limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., constructing (including performance bond premiums that we approve), inspecting, outfitting and equipping. (1... (excluding interest paid on subordinated debt considered to be Equity), and less income realized from...

  7. 46 CFR 298.21 - Limits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., constructing (including performance bond premiums that we approve), inspecting, outfitting and equipping. (1... (excluding interest paid on subordinated debt considered to be Equity), and less income realized from...

  8. 42 CFR 423.780 - Premium subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) MEDICARE PROGRAM VOLUNTARY MEDICARE PRESCRIPTION DRUG BENEFIT Premiums and Cost-Sharing Subsidies for Low... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Premium subsidy. 423.780 Section 423.780 Public...-service plans or 1876 cost plans) in a PDP region in the reference month. (ii) Premium amounts. The...

  9. 42 CFR 422.262 - Beneficiary premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and Plan Approval § 422.262 Beneficiary premiums. (a) Determination of MA monthly basic beneficiary premium. (1) For an MA plan with an unadjusted statutory non-drug bid amount that is less than the relevant unadjusted non-drug benchmark amount, the basic beneficiary premium is zero. (2) For an MA plan...

  10. 42 CFR 422.262 - Beneficiary premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Information and Plan Approval § 422.262 Beneficiary premiums. (a) Determination of MA monthly basic beneficiary premium. (1) For an MA plan with an unadjusted statutory non-drug bid amount that is less than the relevant unadjusted non-drug benchmark amount, the basic beneficiary premium is zero. (2) For an MA plan...

  11. 42 CFR 422.262 - Beneficiary premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Information and Plan Approval § 422.262 Beneficiary premiums. (a) Determination of MA monthly basic beneficiary premium. (1) For an MA plan with an unadjusted statutory non-drug bid amount that is less than the relevant unadjusted non-drug benchmark amount, the basic beneficiary premium is zero. (2) For an MA plan...

  12. 42 CFR 422.262 - Beneficiary premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... and Plan Approval § 422.262 Beneficiary premiums. (a) Determination of MA monthly basic beneficiary premium. (1) For an MA plan with an unadjusted statutory non-drug bid amount that is less than the relevant unadjusted non-drug benchmark amount, the basic beneficiary premium is zero. (2) For an MA plan...

  13. 42 CFR 422.262 - Beneficiary premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Information and Plan Approval § 422.262 Beneficiary premiums. (a) Determination of MA monthly basic beneficiary premium. (1) For an MA plan with an unadjusted statutory non-drug bid amount that is less than the relevant unadjusted non-drug benchmark amount, the basic beneficiary premium is zero. (2) For an MA plan...

  14. 29 CFR 4006.4 - Determination of unfunded vested benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... effect, its alternative premium funding target under § 4006.5(g). (2) Standard premium funding target. A... the UVB valuation year is the excess (if any) of the plan's premium funding target for the UVB... consistent with generally accepted actuarial principles and practices. (b) Premium funding target—(1) In...

  15. 49 CFR 260.17 - Credit risk premium analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Credit risk premium analysis. 260.17 Section 260... Financial Assistance § 260.17 Credit risk premium analysis. (a) When Federal appropriations are not available to cover the total subsidy cost, the Administrator will determine the Credit Risk Premium...

  16. 49 CFR 260.15 - Credit risk premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Credit risk premium. 260.15 Section 260.15... REHABILITATION AND IMPROVEMENT FINANCING PROGRAM Overview § 260.15 Credit risk premium. (a) Where available... pay to the Administrator a Credit Risk Premium adequate to cover that portion of the subsidy cost not...

  17. 5 CFR 892.203 - When will my premium conversion begin?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false When will my premium conversion begin? 892.203 Section 892.203 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL... PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.203 When will my premium conversion begin? If you are newly...

  18. 5 CFR 892.203 - When will my premium conversion begin?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false When will my premium conversion begin? 892.203 Section 892.203 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL... PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.203 When will my premium conversion begin? If you are newly...

  19. 24 CFR 266.608 - Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Pro... PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.608 Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund. If the Contract of Insurance is terminated by payment in full or is terminated...

  20. 7 CFR 1962.29 - Payment of fees and insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Payment of fees and insurance premiums. 1962.29... Security § 1962.29 Payment of fees and insurance premiums. (a) Fees. (1) Security instruments. Borrowers... the service cannot be obtained without cost. (b) Insurance premiums. County Supervisors are authorized...

  1. 24 CFR 236.252 - First, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 236.252 Section 236.252 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... insurance premiums. All of the provisions of § 207.252 of this chapter governing the first, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under this subpart, except: (a) Where...

  2. 24 CFR 206.107 - Mortgagee election of assignment or shared premium option.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 206.107 Mortgagee election of assignment or shared premium option... shared premium option. 206.107 Section 206.107 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to... COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL...

  3. 26 CFR 1.6050H-3T - Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Information reporting requirements. Any... section applies to the receipt of all payments of mortgage insurance premiums, by cash or financing... premiums is determined on a mortgage-by-mortgage basis. A recipient need not aggregate mortgage insurance...

  4. 24 CFR 251.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 251.6 Section 251.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... HOUSING PROJECTS § 251.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the... affected lenders, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

  5. 24 CFR 241.1030 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 241... Loans-Eligibility Requirements § 241.1030 Mortgage insurance premiums. The lender, upon endorsement of the note, shall pay the Commissioner a first mortgage insurance premium equal to 0.5 percent of the...

  6. 24 CFR 203.260 - Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Mortgage Insurance Premiums-Periodic Payment § 203.260 Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP). 203.260 Section 203.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to...

  7. 24 CFR 221.254 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 221... Cost Homes § 221.254 Mortgage insurance premiums. (a) All of the provisions of §§ 203.260 through 203.295 of this chapter relating to mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under...

  8. 24 CFR 266.606 - Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... AFFORDABLE MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.606 Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying. (a) Duration of payments. Mortgage insurance...

  9. 38 CFR 8.4 - Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NATIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 8.4 Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. The insured under a National Service life insurance policy which is not lapsed may authorize the monthly deduction of premiums from disability...

  10. 24 CFR 203.443 - Insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Insurance premium. 203.443 Section... premium. All of the provisions of §§ 203.260 through 203.269 1 concerning mortgage insurance premiums... DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE...

  11. 24 CFR 2700.315 - Insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Insurance premium. 2700.315 Section... HOMEOWNERS' LOAN PROGRAM Mortgage Insurance § 2700.315 Insurance premium. (a) At such times as may be prescribed by HUD, the participating lender shall pay to HUD a mortgage insurance premium equal to one-half...

  12. 24 CFR 236.252 - First, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 236.252 Section 236.252 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing... insurance premiums. All of the provisions of § 207.252 of this chapter governing the first, second, and third mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under this subpart, except: (a) Where...

  13. 24 CFR 241.1030 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 241... Loans-Eligibility Requirements § 241.1030 Mortgage insurance premiums. The lender, upon endorsement of the note, shall pay the Commissioner a first mortgage insurance premium equal to 0.5 percent of the...

  14. 24 CFR 203.443 - Insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Insurance premium. 203.443 Section... premium. All of the provisions of §§ 203.260 through 203.269 1 concerning mortgage insurance premiums... DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE...

  15. 38 CFR 8.4 - Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS NATIONAL SERVICE LIFE INSURANCE Premiums § 8.4 Deduction of insurance premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. The insured under a National Service life insurance policy which is not lapsed may authorize the monthly deduction of premiums from disability...

  16. 7 CFR 1962.29 - Payment of fees and insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 14 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Payment of fees and insurance premiums. 1962.29... Security § 1962.29 Payment of fees and insurance premiums. (a) Fees. (1) Security instruments. Borrowers... the service cannot be obtained without cost. (b) Insurance premiums. County Supervisors are authorized...

  17. 12 CFR 741.4 - Insurance premium and one percent deposit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Insurance premium and one percent deposit. 741... Insurance premium and one percent deposit. (a) Scope. This section implements the requirements of Section... payment of an insurance premium. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: Available assets ratio...

  18. 24 CFR 251.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 251.6 Section 251.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... HOUSING PROJECTS § 251.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. In the cases that the... affected lenders, that mortgage insurance premiums be remitted electronically. [63 FR 1303, Jan. 8, 1998] ...

  19. 24 CFR 203.260 - Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Mortgage Insurance Premiums-Periodic Payment § 203.260 Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Amount of mortgage insurance premium (periodic MIP). 203.260 Section 203.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to...

  20. 24 CFR 221.254 - Mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premiums. 221... Cost Homes § 221.254 Mortgage insurance premiums. (a) All of the provisions of §§ 203.260 through 203.295 of this chapter relating to mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to mortgages insured under...

  1. 24 CFR 266.606 - Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium... AFFORDABLE MULTIFAMILY PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.606 Mortgage insurance premium: Duration and method of paying. (a) Duration of payments. Mortgage insurance...

  2. 24 CFR 266.608 - Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage insurance premium: Pro... PROJECT LOANS Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 266.608 Mortgage insurance premium: Pro rata refund. If the Contract of Insurance is terminated by payment in full or is terminated...

  3. 24 CFR 206.107 - Mortgagee election of assignment or shared premium option.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums § 206.107 Mortgagee election of assignment or shared premium option... shared premium option. 206.107 Section 206.107 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to... COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL...

  4. 31 CFR 337.8 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Payment of mortgage insurance premiums... proceeds thereof be applied to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, any difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the amount of the mortgage insurance premium will generally be issued to...

  5. 5 CFR 894.505 - Are retroactive premiums paid with pre-tax dollars (premium conversion)?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Are retroactive premiums paid with pre-tax dollars (premium conversion)? 894.505 Section 894.505 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES DENTAL AND VISION INSURANCE...

  6. 5 CFR 894.505 - Are retroactive premiums paid with pre-tax dollars (premium conversion)?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Are retroactive premiums paid with pre-tax dollars (premium conversion)? 894.505 Section 894.505 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES DENTAL AND VISION INSURANCE...

  7. 44 CFR 61.8 - Applicability of risk premium rates.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Applicability of risk premium rates. 61.8 Section 61.8 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY... COVERAGE AND RATES § 61.8 Applicability of risk premium rates. Risk premium rates are applicable to all...

  8. 44 CFR 61.7 - Risk premium rate determinations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Risk premium rate... COVERAGE AND RATES § 61.7 Risk premium rate determinations. (a) Pursuant to section 1307 of the Act, the... estimate the risk premium rates necessary to provide flood insurance in accordance with accepted actuarial...

  9. 26 CFR 1.848-0 - Outline of regulations under section 848.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... certain reinsurance agreements. (b) Gross amount of premiums and other consideration. (1) General rule. (2... the payment of premiums. (iii) Retired lives reserves. (4) Deferred and uncollected premiums. (c... excluded from the gross amount of premiums and other consideration. (1) In general. (2) Amounts received or...

  10. 26 CFR 1.848-1 - Definitions and special provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... to January 1, 1985, if the premiums on the contract are reported as life insurance premiums on the insurance company's annual statement (or could be reported as life insurance premiums if the company were... noncancellable or guaranteed renewable accident and health insurance contract. (2) Treatment of premiums on a...

  11. 48 CFR 1632.170 - Recurring premium payments to carriers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... multiplied by the carrier's total net-to-carrier premium dollars paid for the preceding contract period. The... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Recurring premium payments... FINANCING General 1632.170 Recurring premium payments to carriers. (a)(1) Recurring payments to carriers of...

  12. 48 CFR 1609.7101-2 - Community-rated carrier performance factors.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... will apply the Customer Service and Critical Contract Compliance Requirements percentage factors..., payment, or service, perform the function, or otherwise meet its obligations as stated in 1609.7101-1. The... Element Performance factor (to be multiplied by premium and withheld from carrier's payments) I. Customer...

  13. Use of circulating-fluidized-bed combustors in compressed-air energy storage systems

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Nakhamkin, M.; Patel, M.

    1990-07-01

    This report presents the result of a study conducted by Energy Storage and Power Consultants (ESPC), with the objective to develop and analyze compressed air energy storage (CAES) power plant concepts which utilize coal-fired circulating fluidized bed combustors (CFBC) for heating air during generating periods. The use of a coal-fired CFBC unit for indirect heating of the compressed air, in lieu of the current turbomachinery combustors, would eliminate the need for expensive premium fuels by a CAES facility. The CAES plant generation heat rate is approximately one-half of that for a conventional steam condensing power plant. Therefore, the required CFBCmore » heat generation capacity and capital costs would be lower per kW of power generation capacity. Three CAES/CFBC concepts were identified as the most promising, and were optimized using specifically developed computerized procedures. These concepts utilize various configurations of reheat turbomachinery trains specifically developed for CAES application as parts of the integrated CAES/CFBC plant concepts. The project team concluded that the optimized CAES/CFBC integrated plant concepts present a potentially attractive alternative to conventional steam generation power plants using CFBC or pulverized coal-fired boilers. A comparison of the results from the economic analysis performed on three concepts suggests that one of them (Concept 3) is the preferred concept. This concept has a two shaft turbomachinery train arrangement, and provides for load management functions by the compressor-electric motor train, and continuous base load operation of the turboexpander-electric generator train and the CFBC unit. 6 refs., 30 figs., 14 tabs.« less

  14. Premium increases in state health insurance programs: lessons from a case study of the Massachusetts Medicaid buy-in program.

    PubMed

    Livermore, Gina A; Goodman, Nanette; Hooven, Fred; Hashemi, Lobat

    In March 2003, Massachusetts increased the premiums it charges to most enrollees in its CommonHealth-Working (CH-W) program. This study evaluates the impact of the premium change on disenrollment using a comparison group methodology. The findings indicate that the premium change had only a small, but statistically significant impact on program exits. The CH-W experience differs from other state programs that saw substantial enrollment declines in response to new or increased premiums. This is likely due to factors that make CH-W different from other programs, key of which are administrative procedures intended to minimize disenrollment due to premium nonpayment.

  15. 48 CFR 722.103-2 - Policy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ...) Most contracts covered by this regulation call for the performance of professional or technical services overseas on a cost-reimbursement basis. The compensation for employees performing such services is... not expected that these employees will receive additional pay, overtime or shift premiums, or...

  16. Impact of terrorism and political instability on equity premium: Evidence from Pakistan

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    MengYun, Wu; Imran, Muhammad; Zakaria, Muhammad; Linrong, Zhang; Farooq, Muhammad Umer; Muhammad, Shah Khalid

    2018-02-01

    The study quantifies the impact of terrorism and political instability on firm equity premium in Pakistan using panel data for 306 non-financial firms for the period 2001 to 2014. Other variables included are law & order, government regime change and financial crisis of 2007/08. The estimated results reveal that terrorism has statistically significant negative impact on firm equity premium in Pakistan. This result is robust with alternative equation specifications. The result also remains same when terrorism variable is replaced with external and internal conflict variables. Law & order variable has significant positive effect on firm equity premium, which implies that equity premium increases with the improvement in law & order situation in the country. Equity premium also increases with government stability and when there is democratic system in the country. The result also reveals that global financial crisis of 2007/08 negatively influenced the firm equity premium. The study suggests some policy implications.

  17. Financial competitiveness of organic agriculture on a global scale

    PubMed Central

    Crowder, David W.; Reganold, John P.

    2015-01-01

    To promote global food and ecosystem security, several innovative farming systems have been identified that better balance multiple sustainability goals. The most rapidly growing and contentious of these systems is organic agriculture. Whether organic agriculture can continue to expand will likely be determined by whether it is economically competitive with conventional agriculture. Here, we examined the financial performance of organic and conventional agriculture by conducting a meta-analysis of a global dataset spanning 55 crops grown on five continents. When organic premiums were not applied, benefit/cost ratios (−8 to −7%) and net present values (−27 to −23%) of organic agriculture were significantly lower than conventional agriculture. However, when actual premiums were applied, organic agriculture was significantly more profitable (22–35%) and had higher benefit/cost ratios (20–24%) than conventional agriculture. Although premiums were 29–32%, breakeven premiums necessary for organic profits to match conventional profits were only 5–7%, even with organic yields being 10–18% lower. Total costs were not significantly different, but labor costs were significantly higher (7–13%) with organic farming practices. Studies in our meta-analysis accounted for neither environmental costs (negative externalities) nor ecosystem services from good farming practices, which likely favor organic agriculture. With only 1% of the global agricultural land in organic production, our findings suggest that organic agriculture can continue to expand even if premiums decline. Furthermore, with their multiple sustainability benefits, organic farming systems can contribute a larger share in feeding the world. PMID:26034271

  18. 24 CFR 213.260 - Allowable methods of premium payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Allowable methods of premium payment. 213.260 Section 213.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... Allowable methods of premium payment. Premiums shall be payable in cash or in debentures at par plus accrued...

  19. 24 CFR 213.260 - Allowable methods of premium payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Allowable methods of premium payment. 213.260 Section 213.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... Allowable methods of premium payment. Premiums shall be payable in cash or in debentures at par plus accrued...

  20. 24 CFR 213.260 - Allowable methods of premium payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Allowable methods of premium payment. 213.260 Section 213.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... Allowable methods of premium payment. Premiums shall be payable in cash or in debentures at par plus accrued...

  1. 24 CFR 213.260 - Allowable methods of premium payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Allowable methods of premium payment. 213.260 Section 213.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... Allowable methods of premium payment. Premiums shall be payable in cash or in debentures at par plus accrued...

  2. 24 CFR 213.260 - Allowable methods of premium payment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Allowable methods of premium payment. 213.260 Section 213.260 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... Allowable methods of premium payment. Premiums shall be payable in cash or in debentures at par plus accrued...

  3. 24 CFR 203.22 - Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Payment of insurance premiums or... Underwriting Procedures Eligible Mortgages § 203.22 Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege. (a) Payment of periodic insurance premiums or charges. Except with respect to mortgages for which...

  4. 24 CFR 232.825 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 232.825 Pro rata refund of insurance premium. Upon termination of a loan insurance contract by a payment in full or by a voluntary termination... rata portion of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is applicable to the...

  5. 24 CFR 203.462 - Pro rata payment of premium before termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Pro rata payment of premium before termination. No contract of insurance shall be terminated until the lender has paid to the Commissioner the pro rata portion of the current annual insurance premium. ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pro rata payment of premium before...

  6. 24 CFR 203.22 - Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Payment of insurance premiums or... Underwriting Procedures Eligible Mortgages § 203.22 Payment of insurance premiums or charges; prepayment privilege. (a) Payment of periodic insurance premiums or charges. Except with respect to mortgages for which...

  7. 24 CFR 232.825 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... ASSISTED LIVING FACILITIES Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 232.825 Pro rata refund of insurance premium. Upon termination of a loan insurance contract by a payment in full or by a voluntary termination... rata portion of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is applicable to the...

  8. 24 CFR 241.825 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Projects Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage Premiums § 241.825 Pro rata refund of insurance premium... of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is applicable to the portion of... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Pro rata refund of insurance...

  9. 26 CFR 1.6050H-3T - Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ....6050H-3T Information reporting of mortgage insurance premiums (temporary). (a) Information reporting... premiums, for mortgage insurance (as described in paragraph (b) of this section) from any individual... paragraph (a) of this section applies to the receipt of all payments of mortgage insurance premiums, by cash...

  10. 24 CFR 203.462 - Pro rata payment of premium before termination.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Pro rata payment of premium before termination. No contract of insurance shall be terminated until the lender has paid to the Commissioner the pro rata portion of the current annual insurance premium. ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Pro rata payment of premium before...

  11. 42 CFR 423.780 - Premium subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... amount. (b) Premium subsidy amount. (1) The premium subsidy amount is equal to the lesser of— (i) Under... beneficiary premium attributable to basic prescription drug coverage (for enrollees in MA-PD plans); or (ii..., with the weight for each PDP and MA-PD plan equal to a percentage, the numerator being equal to the...

  12. 42 CFR 423.780 - Premium subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... amount. (b) Premium subsidy amount. (1) The premium subsidy amount is equal to the lesser of— (i) Under... beneficiary premium attributable to basic prescription drug coverage (for enrollees in MA-PD plans); or (ii..., with the weight for each PDP and MA-PD plan equal to a percentage, the numerator being equal to the...

  13. 42 CFR 423.780 - Premium subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    .... (b) Premium subsidy amount. (1) The premium subsidy amount is equal to the lesser of— (i) Under the... premium attributable to basic prescription drug coverage (for enrollees in MA-PD plans); or (ii) The... for each PDP and MA-PD plan equal to a percentage, the numerator being equal to the number of Part D...

  14. 42 CFR 423.780 - Premium subsidy.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... amount. (b) Premium subsidy amount. (1) The premium subsidy amount is equal to the lesser of— (i) Under... beneficiary premium attributable to basic prescription drug coverage (for enrollees in MA-PD plans); or (ii..., with the weight for each PDP and MA-PD plan equal to a percentage, the numerator being equal to the...

  15. 5 CFR 875.302 - What are the options for making premium payments?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What are the options for making premium payments? 875.302 Section 875.302 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL... options for making premium payments? (a) Premium payments may be made by Federal payroll or annuity...

  16. 29 CFR 4007.8 - Late payment penalty charges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... administrator reports— (i) The fair market value of the plan's assets for the premium payment year, and (ii) An estimate of the plan's premium funding target for the premium payment year that is certified by an enrolled... determined from the value of assets and estimated premium funding target so reported. [64 FR 66385, Nov. 26...

  17. 7 CFR 400.710 - Preemption and premium taxation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Preemption and premium taxation. 400.710 Section 400... of Policies and Rates of Premium § 400.710 Preemption and premium taxation. A policy or plan of insurance that is approved by the Board for FCIC reinsurance is preempted from state and local taxation. ...

  18. 45 CFR 162.1702 - Standards for health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Standards for health plan premium payments transaction. 162.1702 Section 162.1702 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Plan Premium Payments § 162.1702 Standards for health plan premium...

  19. 45 CFR 162.1702 - Standards for health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Standards for health plan premium payments transaction. 162.1702 Section 162.1702 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Plan Premium Payments § 162.1702 Standards for health plan premium...

  20. 45 CFR 162.1702 - Standards for health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Standards for health plan premium payments transaction. 162.1702 Section 162.1702 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Plan Premium Payments § 162.1702 Standards for health plan premium...

  1. 45 CFR 162.1702 - Standards for health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Standards for health plan premium payments transaction. 162.1702 Section 162.1702 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Plan Premium Payments § 162.1702 Standards for health plan premium...

  2. 26 CFR 1.809-4 - Gross amount.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... categories of items taken into account are: (1) Premiums. (i) The gross amount of all premiums and other... premiums and premiums and other consideration arising out of reinsurance ceded. The term gross amount of... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Gross amount. 1.809-4 Section 1.809-4 Internal...

  3. 12 CFR 741.4 - Insurance premium and one percent deposit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Insurance premium and one percent deposit. 741... Insurance premium and one percent deposit. (a) Scope. This section implements the requirements of Section... payment of an insurance premium. (b) Definitions. For purposes of this section: (1) Available assets ratio...

  4. 7 CFR 400.710 - Preemption and premium taxation.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Preemption and premium taxation. 400.710 Section 400... of Policies and Rates of Premium § 400.710 Preemption and premium taxation. A policy or plan of insurance that is approved by the Board for FCIC reinsurance is preempted from state and local taxation. ...

  5. 12 CFR 217.101 - Premiums on deposits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AGAINST THE PAYMENT OF INTEREST ON DEMAND DEPOSITS (REGULATION Q) Interpretations § 217.101 Premiums on... from paying interest on a demand deposit. Premiums, whether in the form of merchandise, credit, or cash... exceed $10 for deposits of less than $5,000 or $20 for deposits of $5,000 or more. The costs of premiums...

  6. Insurance premiums and insurance coverage of near-poor children.

    PubMed

    Hadley, Jack; Reschovsky, James D; Cunningham, Peter; Kenney, Genevieve; Dubay, Lisa

    States increasingly are using premiums for near-poor children in their public insurance programs (Medicaid/SCHIP) to limit private insurance crowd-out and constrain program costs. Using national data from four rounds of the Community Tracking Study Household Surveys spanning the seven years from 1996 to 2003, this study estimates a multinomial logistic regression model examining how public and private insurance premiums affect insurance coverage outcomes (Medicaid/SCHIP coverage, private coverage, and no coverage). Higher public premiums are significantly associated with a lower probability of public coverage and higher probabilities of private coverage and uninsurance; higher private premiums are significantly related to a lower probability of private coverage and higher probabilities of public coverage and uninsurance. The results imply that uninsurance rates will rise if both public and private premiums increase, and suggest that states that impose or increase public insurance premiums for near-poor children will succeed in discouraging crowd-out of private insurance, but at the expense of higher rates of uninsurance. Sustained increases in private insurance premiums will continue to create enrollment pressures on state insurance programs for children.

  7. Influence of variable milk quality premiums on observed milk quality.

    PubMed

    Nightingale, C; Dhuyvetter, K; Mitchell, R; Schukken, Y

    2008-03-01

    The objective of this study was to evaluate a premium program for very high quality milk in a US cooperative. Data were available on a monthly basis from a large US milk cooperative from April 1998 through December 2005. The data set consisted of 36,930 observations representing producer-months. The actual amount of the low bulk tank somatic cell count (BTSCC) premium varied from $0.15 per hundred pounds (cwt.) of milk to $1.00/cwt. with steps in between of $0.50 and $0.60 per cwt. of milk during the data collection period. Data analysis was done to evaluate the impact of the premium program on average BTSCC and on the probability of a producer to ship milk with <100,000 cells/mL in a given month. The results showed a strong effect of the premium program on both the average BTSCC and the probability of producing milk with very low BTSCC. On average, the BTSCC of all the milk in the cooperative was reduced by 22,000 cells during the high premium period. The probability of producing milk with BTSCC <100,000 doubled during some months of the high premium period from 4 to 8%, and an associated 10% increase in probability to produce milk below 200,000 cells/mL was observed. The data clearly indicate that premium offerings for very high quality milk affect the overall milk quality in the population affected by the premium. Producers responded to the high premiums and the overall impact on milk quality was substantial. We argue that the combination of a penalty program for high BTSCC milk with a premium program for very high quality milk (low BTSCC) provides a strong incentive for improvement of milk quality.

  8. “You're made to feel like a dirty filthy smoker when you're not, cigar smoking is another thing all together.” Responses of Australian cigar and cigarillo smokers to plain packaging

    PubMed Central

    Miller, Caroline L; Ettridge, Kerry A; Wakefield, Melanie A

    2015-01-01

    Objective To explore experiences of cigar and cigarillo smokers under Australian laws requiring plain packaging (PP) and strengthened graphic health warnings (GHWs). Methods In February/March 2014, we conducted: in-depth interviews with 10 regular premium cigar smokers; two focus groups with occasional premium cigar and premium cigarillo smokers (n=14); four focus groups with non-premium cigarillo smokers (n=28); and a national online survey of cigar and/or cigarillo smokers (n=268). Results Premium cigar smokers had limited exposure to PP, with many purchasing fully branded cigars in boxes duty free or online and singles in non-compliant packaging. Those who were exposed noticed and were concerned by the warnings, tried to avoid them and felt more like ‘dirty smokers’. Changes in perceived taste, harm and value were minimal for experienced premium cigar smokers. Occasional premium cigar and premium cigarillo smokers with higher PP exposure (gained by purchasing boxes rather than singles) perceived cigar/package appeal and value had declined and noticed the GHWs. Non-premium cigarillo smokers reported high PP exposure, reduced perceived appeal, quality, taste, enjoyment and value, somewhat increased perceived harm, greater noticeability of GHWs and concealment of packs and more contemplation of quitting. Online survey participants reported increased noticeability of GHWs (33%), decreased appeal of packaging (53%) and reduced consumption of cigars (42%) and cigarillos (44%) since PP implementation. Conclusions Non-premium cigarillo smokers appear to have been most exposed and influenced by PP, with cigar smokers less so, especially regular premium cigar smokers who have maintained access to fully branded products. PMID:28407613

  9. 5 CFR 890.1208 - Premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 599C(e) of Public Law 101-513. (b) If the individual is not covered under this subpart for the full pay period, premiums are paid only for the days he or she is actually covered. The daily premium rate is an amount equal to the monthly premium rate multiplied by 12 and divided by 365. (c) The payments required...

  10. Clearwood quality and softwood lumber prices: what's the real premium?

    Treesearch

    Thomas R. Waggener; Roger D. Fight

    1999-01-01

    Diminishing quantities of appearance grade lumber and rising price premiums for it have accompanied the transition from old-growth to young-growth timber. The price premiums for better grades are an incentive for producers to undertake investments to increase the yield of those higher valued products. Price premiums, however, are also an incentive for users to...

  11. 76 FR 67570 - Medicare Program; Part A Premiums for CY 2012 for the Uninsured Aged and for Certain Disabled...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... 0938-AQ15 Medicare Program; Part A Premiums for CY 2012 for the Uninsured Aged and for Certain Disabled...'') and by certain disabled individuals who have exhausted other entitlement. The monthly Part A premium... monthly premium for certain disabled individuals who have exhausted other entitlement. These are...

  12. 77 FR 69859 - Medicare Program; Part A Premiums for CY 2013 for the Uninsured Aged and for Certain Disabled...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-21

    ... 0938-AR15 Medicare Program; Part A Premiums for CY 2013 for the Uninsured Aged and for Certain Disabled...'') and by certain disabled individuals who have exhausted other entitlement. The monthly Part A premium... monthly premium for certain disabled individuals who have exhausted other entitlement. These are...

  13. 24 CFR 257.203 - Calculation of up-front and annual mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. 257.203 Section 257.203 Housing and Urban... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. (a) Applicable premiums. Any mortgage presented for... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM...

  14. 25 CFR 103.19 - When must the lender pay BIA the loan guaranty or insurance premium?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premium? 103.19 Section 103.19 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES LOAN GUARANTY, INSURANCE, AND INTEREST SUBSIDY How a Lender Obtains a Loan Guaranty or Insurance Coverage § 103.19 When must the lender pay BIA the loan guaranty or insurance premium? The premium...

  15. 25 CFR 103.19 - When must the lender pay BIA the loan guaranty or insurance premium?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premium? 103.19 Section 103.19 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES LOAN GUARANTY, INSURANCE, AND INTEREST SUBSIDY How a Lender Obtains a Loan Guaranty or Insurance Coverage § 103.19 When must the lender pay BIA the loan guaranty or insurance premium? The premium...

  16. 24 CFR 257.203 - Calculation of up-front and annual mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. 257.203 Section 257.203 Housing and Urban... mortgage insurance premiums for H4H program mortgages. (a) Applicable premiums. Any mortgage presented for... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM...

  17. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized. 550.143 Section 550.143 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Regularly Scheduled Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is...

  18. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized. 550.143 Section 550.143 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Regularly Scheduled Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is...

  19. 5 CFR 550.143 - Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... premium pay under § 550.141 is authorized. 550.143 Section 550.143 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PAY ADMINISTRATION (GENERAL) Premium Pay Regularly Scheduled Standby Duty Pay § 550.143 Bases for determining positions for which premium pay under § 550.141 is...

  20. Estimated value of insurance premium due to Citarum River flood by using Bayesian method

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sukono; Aisah, I.; Tampubolon, Y. R. H.; Napitupulu, H.; Supian, S.; Subiyanto; Sidi, P.

    2018-03-01

    Citarum river flood in South Bandung, West Java Indonesia, often happens every year. It causes property damage, producing economic loss. The risk of loss can be mitigated by following the flood insurance program. In this paper, we discussed about the estimated value of insurance premiums due to Citarum river flood by Bayesian method. It is assumed that the risk data for flood losses follows the Pareto distribution with the right fat-tail. The estimation of distribution model parameters is done by using Bayesian method. First, parameter estimation is done with assumption that prior comes from Gamma distribution family, while observation data follow Pareto distribution. Second, flood loss data is simulated based on the probability of damage in each flood affected area. The result of the analysis shows that the estimated premium value of insurance based on pure premium principle is as follows: for the loss value of IDR 629.65 million of premium IDR 338.63 million; for a loss of IDR 584.30 million of its premium IDR 314.24 million; and the loss value of IDR 574.53 million of its premium IDR 308.95 million. The premium value estimator can be used as neither a reference in the decision of reasonable premium determination, so as not to incriminate the insured, nor it result in loss of the insurer.

  1. 42 CFR 408.207 - Billing and payment procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium... premium surcharge for each eligible enrollee who is included in the agreement for the time period...

  2. 42 CFR 408.207 - Billing and payment procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... MEDICARE PROGRAM PREMIUMS FOR SUPPLEMENTARY MEDICAL INSURANCE Supplementary Medical Insurance Premium... premium surcharge for each eligible enrollee who is included in the agreement for the time period...

  3. 78 FR 64951 - Medicare Program; Part A Premiums for CY 2014 for the Uninsured Aged and for Certain Disabled...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... 0938-AR57 Medicare Program; Part A Premiums for CY 2014 for the Uninsured Aged and for Certain Disabled...'') and by certain disabled individuals who have exhausted other entitlement. The monthly Part A premium... payment of a monthly premium for certain disabled individuals who have exhausted other entitlement. These...

  4. 24 CFR 221.755 - Premiums first, second, third and operating loss loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums, apply to mortgages insured under this subpart that provide for interest at the market... section 238(c) of the Act all mortgage insurance premiums due in accordance with §§ 207.252 and 207.252a... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums first, second, third and...

  5. 24 CFR 213.259a - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... All of the provisions of §§ 213.253 through 213.259 governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply... mortgage insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 213.253 through 213.259 shall be... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

  6. 24 CFR 213.259a - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... All of the provisions of §§ 213.253 through 213.259 governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply... mortgage insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 213.253 through 213.259 shall be... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

  7. 24 CFR 221.755 - Premiums first, second, third and operating loss loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums, apply to mortgages insured under this subpart that provide for interest at the market... section 238(c) of the Act all mortgage insurance premiums due in accordance with §§ 207.252 and 207.252a... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Premiums first, second, third and...

  8. Plan-provider integration, premiums, and quality in the Medicare Advantage market.

    PubMed

    Frakt, Austin B; Pizer, Steven D; Feldman, Roger

    2013-12-01

    To investigate how integration between Medicare Advantage plans and health care providers is related to plan premiums and quality ratings. We used public data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Area Resource File and private data from one large insurer. Premiums and quality ratings are from 2009 CMS administrative files and some control variables are historical. We estimated ordinary least-squares models for premiums and plan quality ratings, with state fixed effects and firm random effects. The key independent variable was an indicator of plan-provider integration. With the exception of Medigap premium data, all data were publicly available. We ascertained plan-provider integration through examination of plans' websites and governance documents. We found that integrated plan-providers charge higher premiums, controlling for quality. Such plans also have higher quality ratings. We found no evidence that integration is associated with more generous benefits. Current policy encourages plan-provider integration, although potential effects on health insurance products and markets are uncertain. Policy makers and regulators may want to closely monitor changes in premiums and quality after integration and consider whether quality improvement (if any) justifies premium increases (if they occur). © Health Research and Educational Trust.

  9. The impact of HMO competition on private health insurance premiums, 1985-1992.

    PubMed

    Wickizer, T M; Feldstein, P J

    1995-01-01

    A critical unresolved health policy question is whether competition stimulated by managed care organizations can slow the rate of growth in health care expenditures. We analyzed the competitive effects of health maintenance organizations (HMOs) on the growth in fee-for-service indemnity insurance premiums over the period 1985-1992 using premium data on 95 groups that had policies with a single, large, private insurance carrier. We used multiple regressions to estimate the effect of HMO market penetration on insurance premium growth rates. HMO penetration had a statistically significant (p < .015) negative effect on the rate of growth in indemnity insurance premiums. For an average group located in a market whose HMO penetration rate increased by 25% (e.g., from 10% to 12.5%), the real rate of growth in premiums would be approximately 5.9% instead of 7.0%. Our findings indicate that competitive strategies, relying on managed care, have significant potential to reduce health insurance premium growth rates, thereby resulting in substantial cost savings over time.

  10. The effect of Medicaid premiums on enrollment: a regression discontinuity approach.

    PubMed

    Dague, Laura

    2014-09-01

    This paper estimates the effect that premiums in Medicaid have on the length of enrollment of program beneficiaries. Whether and how low income-families will participate in the exchanges and in states' Medicaid programs depends crucially on the structure and amounts of the premiums they will face. I take advantage of discontinuities in the structure of Wisconsin's Medicaid program to identify the effects of premiums on enrollment for low-income families. I use a 3-year administrative panel of enrollment data to estimate these effects. I find an increase in the premium from 0 to 10 dollars per month results in 1.4 fewer months enrolled and reduces the probability of remaining enrolled for a full year by 12 percentage points, but other discrete changes in premium amounts do not affect enrollment or have a much smaller effect. I find no evidence of program enrollees intentionally decreasing labor supply in order to avoid the premiums. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Market niche analysis in the casino gaming industry.

    PubMed

    Dandurand, L

    1990-03-01

    This article discusses the nature of market niche analysis in the casino gaming industry. It presents four approaches for conducting market niche analysis. An an example of one approach, the Las Vegas Visitor Profile Study is used to identify a premium niche in the Las Vegas Slot Target Market. A detailed examination of the premium niche profile provides a description of the typical premium slot player. The description of the typical premium player leads to hypotheses regarding needs (the unique preference set) of the premium player. An analysis of the unique preference set suggests an appropriate enhanced marketing program.

  12. CHIP premiums, health status, and the insurance coverage of children.

    PubMed

    Marton, James; Talbert, Jeffery C

    2010-01-01

    This study uses the introduction of premiums into Kentucky's Children's Health Insurance Program (KCHIP) to examine whether the enrollment impact of new premiums varies by child health type. We also examine the extent to which children find alternative coverage after premium nonpayment. Public insurance claims data suggest that those with chronic health conditions are less likely to leave public coverage. We find little evidence of a differential impact of premiums on enrollment among the chronically ill. Our survey of nonpayers shows that 56% of responding families found alternative private or public health coverage for their children after losing CHIP.

  13. 26 CFR 1.642(i)-2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... business of owning and operating a cemetery that either (1) is not exempt from Federal tax, or (2) is..., tools, and equipment, compensation of employees performing such work, insurance premiums, reasonable...

  14. 42 CFR 422.404 - State premium taxes prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM (CONTINUED) MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM Organization Compliance With State Law and Preemption by Federal Law § 422.404 State premium taxes prohibited. (a) Basic rule. No premium tax...

  15. Mating motives are neither necessary nor sufficient to create the beauty premium.

    PubMed

    Hafenbrädl, Sebastian; Dana, Jason

    2017-01-01

    Mating motives lead decision makers to favor attractive people, but this favoritism is not sufficient to create a beauty premium in competitive settings. Further, economic approaches to discrimination, when correctly characterized, could neatly accommodate the experimental and field evidence of a beauty premium. Connecting labor economics and evolutionary psychology is laudable, but mating motives do not explain the beauty premium.

  16. 24 CFR 207.252c - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... All of the provisions of §§ 207.252 and 207.252a governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to... insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 207.252 and 207.252a shall be calculated on... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

  17. 24 CFR 207.252c - Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant to section 238(c) of the Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... All of the provisions of §§ 207.252 and 207.252a governing mortgage insurance premiums shall apply to... insurance premiums due on such mortgages in accordance with §§ 207.252 and 207.252a shall be calculated on... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Premiums-mortgages insured pursuant...

  18. Medigap premiums and Medicare HMO enrollment.

    PubMed

    McLaughlin, Catherine G; Chernew, Michael; Taylor, Erin Fries

    2002-12-01

    Markets for Medicare HMOs (health maintenance organizations) and supplemental Medicare coverage are often treated separately in existing literature. Yet because managed care plans and Medigap plans both cover services not covered by basic Medicare, these markets are clearly interrelated. We examine the extent to which Medigap premiums affect the likelihood of the elderly joining managed care plans. The analysis is based on a sample of Medicare beneficiaries drawn from the 1996-1997 Community Tracking Study (CTS) Household Survey by the Center for Studying Health System Change. Respondents span 56 different CTS sites from 30 different states. Measures of premiums for privately-purchased Medigap policies were collected from a survey of large insurers serving this market. Data for individual, market, and HMO characteristics were collected from the CTS, InterStudy, and HCFA (Health Care Financing Administration). Our analysis uses a reduced-form logit model to estimate the probability of Medicare HMO participation as a function of Medigap premiums controlling for other market- and individual-level characteristics. The logit coefficients were then used to simulate changes in Medicare participation in response to changes in Medigap premiums. We found that Medigap premiums vary considerably among the geographic markets included in our sample. Measures of premiums from different insurers and for different types of Medigap policies were generally highly correlated across markets. Our models consistently indicate a strong positive relationship between Medigap premiums and HMO participation. This result is robust across several specifications. Simulations suggest that a one standard deviation increase in Medigap premiums would increase HMO participation by more than 8 percentage points. This research provides strong evidence that Medigap premiums have a significant effect on seniors' participation in Medicare HMOs. Policy initiatives aimed at lowering Medigap premiums will likely discourage enrollment in Medicare HMOs, holding other factors constant. Although the Medigap premiums are just one factor affecting the future penetration rate of Medicare HMOs, they are an important driver of HMO enrollment and should be considered carefully when creating policy related to seniors' supplemental coverage. Similarly, our results imply that reforms to the Medicare HMO market would influence the demand for Medigap policies.

  19. Medigap Premiums and Medicare HMO Enrollment

    PubMed Central

    McLaughlin, Catherine G; Chernew, Michael; Taylor, Erin Fries

    2002-01-01

    Objective Markets for Medicare HMOs (health maintenance organizations) and supplemental Medicare coverage are often treated separately in existing literature. Yet because managed care plans and Medigap plans both cover services not covered by basic Medicare, these markets are clearly interrelated. We examine the extent to which Medigap premiums affect the likelihood of the elderly joining managed care plans. Data Sources The analysis is based on a sample of Medicare beneficiaries drawn from the 1996–1997 Community Tracking Study (CTS) Household Survey by the Center for Studying Health System Change. Respondents span 56 different CTS sites from 30 different states. Measures of premiums for privately-purchased Medigap policies were collected from a survey of large insurers serving this market. Data for individual, market, and HMO characteristics were collected from the CTS, InterStudy, and HCFA (Health Care Financing Administration). Study Design Our analysis uses a reduced-form logit model to estimate the probability of Medicare HMO participation as a function of Medigap premiums controlling for other market- and individual-level characteristics. The logit coefficients were then used to simulate changes in Medicare participation in response to changes in Medigap premiums. Principal Findings We found that Medigap premiums vary considerably among the geographic markets included in our sample. Measures of premiums from different insurers and for different types of Medigap policies were generally highly correlated across markets. Our models consistently indicate a strong positive relationship between Medigap premiums and HMO participation. This result is robust across several specifications. Simulations suggest that a one standard deviation increase in Medigap premiums would increase HMO participation by more than 8 percentage points. Conclusions This research provides strong evidence that Medigap premiums have a significant effect on seniors' participation in Medicare HMOs. Policy initiatives aimed at lowering Medigap premiums will likely discourage enrollment in Medicare HMOs, holding other factors constant. Although the Medigap premiums are just one factor affecting the future penetration rate of Medicare HMOs, they are an important driver of HMO enrollment and should be considered carefully when creating policy related to seniors' supplemental coverage. Similarly, our results imply that reforms to the Medicare HMO market would influence the demand for Medigap policies. PMID:12546281

  20. Changes in premiums of cancelled nongroup plans under the Affordable Care Act.

    PubMed

    Maeda, Jared Lane L K; Chen, Jersey; Plemons, Brent R

    2016-07-01

    To examine the effect of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) on changes in premiums for subscribers of nongrandfathered, nongroup insurance plans that were "cancelled." Retrospective multivariate analyses. Changes in annual premiums post ACA were evaluated across subgroups of subscriber and health plan characteristics. Data was derived from databases containing information on premiums, plan benefit, and demographics for subscribers aged 18 to 64 years within Kaiser Permanente of the Mid-Atlantic States. A linear regression model was used to examine the independent association between subscriber and health plan characteristics on the relative change in premiums. In 2013, 4169 nongroup subscribers were enrolled in plans that were cancelled as a result of the ACA. The median pre-ACA premium was $3240 (range = $780-$39,492), which increased by a median of 21.3% (range = -77.4% to 193.6%), or $685 (range = -$27,464 to $8676), post ACA in 2014. Premiums increased more for high-deductible plans (median = 63.7%) than standard-deductible plans (median = 8.4%). Due to shifts in the age curve, premiums decreased for more than half of women aged 18 to 44 years, but increased by 35.2% for women aged 55 to 64 years. Premiums fell by 15.5% for subscribers who did not pass standard medical underwriting due to preexisting conditions. Changes in premiums in the nongroup market post ACA, varied substantially across subgroups, primarily due to differences in the amount of coverage, changes in rating criteria, shifts in the age curve, and anticipated differences in risk selection and composition of the risk pool. Given the extent of this variation, it would be incorrect to conclude the ACA as being uniformly beneficial or detrimental to subscribers of these cancelled plans.

  1. 24 CFR 241.825 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... AUTHORITIES SUPPLEMENTARY FINANCING FOR INSURED PROJECT MORTGAGES Contract Rights and Obligations-Multifamily Projects Without a HUD-Insured or HUD-Held Mortgage Premiums § 241.825 Pro rata refund of insurance premium...

  2. 24 CFR 221.256 - Interest rate increase and payment of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and § 221.65. 221.256 Section 221.256... Interest rate increase and payment of mortgage insurance premiums on mortgages under § 221.60 and § 221.65.... (c) The liability for payment of mortgage insurance premiums shall begin on and be computed from the...

  3. Gasoline Marketing: Premium Gasoline Overbuying May Be Occurring, but Extent Unknown.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1991-02-01

    Atlantic Richfield Company (ARCO) Mobil Oil Company Shell Oil Company Sun Refining and Marketing Company Consumer Groups American Automobile Association...Chairman: Consumers have the option of purchasing several different grades of unleaded gasoline-regular, mid-grade, and premium-which are classi...determine: (1) whether consumers were buying premium gasoline that they may not need, (2) whether the I .higher retail price of premium gasoline includes

  4. Plan–Provider Integration, Premiums, and Quality in the Medicare Advantage Market

    PubMed Central

    Frakt, Austin B; Pizer, Steven D; Feldman, Roger

    2013-01-01

    Objective. To investigate how integration between Medicare Advantage plans and health care providers is related to plan premiums and quality ratings. Data Source. We used public data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) and the Area Resource File and private data from one large insurer. Premiums and quality ratings are from 2009 CMS administrative files and some control variables are historical. Study Design. We estimated ordinary least-squares models for premiums and plan quality ratings, with state fixed effects and firm random effects. The key independent variable was an indicator of plan–provider integration. Data Collection. With the exception of Medigap premium data, all data were publicly available. We ascertained plan–provider integration through examination of plans’ websites and governance documents. Principal Findings. We found that integrated plan–providers charge higher premiums, controlling for quality. Such plans also have higher quality ratings. We found no evidence that integration is associated with more generous benefits. Conclusions. Current policy encourages plan–provider integration, although potential effects on health insurance products and markets are uncertain. Policy makers and regulators may want to closely monitor changes in premiums and quality after integration and consider whether quality improvement (if any) justifies premium increases (if they occur). PMID:23800017

  5. Estimating Premium Sensitivity for Children's Public Health Insurance Coverage: Selection but No Death Spiral

    PubMed Central

    Marton, James; Ketsche, Patricia G; Snyder, Angela; Adams, E Kathleen; Zhou, Mei

    2015-01-01

    Objective To estimate the effect of premium increases on the probability that near-poor and moderate-income children disenroll from public coverage. Data Sources Enrollment, eligibility, and claims data for Georgia's PeachCare for Kids™ (CHIP) program for multiple years. Study Design We exploited policy-induced variation in premiums generated by cross-sectional differences and changes over time in enrollee age, family size, and income to estimate the duration of enrollment as a function of the effective (per child) premium. We classify children as being of low, medium, or high illness severity. Principal Findings A dollar increase in the per-child premium is associated with a slight increase in a typical child's monthly probability of exiting coverage from 7.70 to 7.83 percent. Children with low illness severity have a significantly higher monthly baseline probability of exiting than children with medium or high illness severity, but the enrollment response to premium increases is similar across all three groups. Conclusions Success in achieving coverage gains through public programs is tempered by persistent problems in maintaining enrollment, which is modestly affected by premium increases. Retention is subject to adverse selection problems, but premium increases do not appear to significantly magnify the selection problem in this case. PMID:25130764

  6. Effect of Mergers on Health Maintenance Organization Premiums

    PubMed Central

    Feldman, Roger; Wholey, Douglas; Christianson, Jon

    1996-01-01

    This study estimated the effect of mergers on health maintenance organization (HMO) premiums, using data on all operational non-Medicaid HMOs in the United States from 1985 to 1993. Two critical issues were examined: whether HMO mergers increase or decrease premiums; and whether the effects of mergers differ according to the degree of competition among HMOs in local markets. The only significant merger effect was found in the most competitive markets, where premiums increased, but only for 1 year after the merger. Our research does not support the argument that consolidation of HMOs in local markets will benefit consumers through lower premiums. PMID:10158729

  7. Effects of public premiums on children's health insurance coverage: evidence from 1999 to 2003.

    PubMed

    Kenney, Genevieve; Hadley, Jack; Blavin, Fredric

    This study uses 2000 to 2004 Current Population Survey data to examine the effects of public premiums on the insurance coverage of children whose family incomes are between 100% and 300% of the federal poverty level. The analysis employs multinomial logistic models that control for factors other than premium costs. While the magnitude of the estimated effects varies across models, the results consistently indicate that raising public premiums reduces enrollment in public programs, with some children who forgo public coverage having private coverage instead and others being uninsured. The results indicate that public premiums have larger effects when applied to lower-income families.

  8. 24 CFR 207.252a - Premiums-operating loss loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... AUTHORITIES MULTIFAMILY HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Premiums § 207.252a... insurance premium of not less than one-fourth of one percent nor more than one percent as the Secretary...

  9. Pricing Weather Index Insurance Based on Artificial Controlled Experiment - A Case Study of Cold Temperature for Early Rice in Jiangxi, China

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    SUN, Q.; Yang, Z.

    2017-12-01

    The growth of early rice is often threated by a phenomenon known as Grain Buds Cold, a period of anomalously cold temperature that occurs during the booting and flowering stage. Therefore, quantifying the impact of weather on crop yield is a core issue in design of weather index insurance. A high yield loss will lead to an increasing premium rate. In this paper, we explored a new way to investigate the relationship between yield loss rate and cold temperature durations. A two-year artificial controlled experiment was used to build logarithm and linear yield loss model. Moreover, an information diffusion model was applied to calculate the probability of different durations which lasting for 3-20 days. The results show that pure premium rates of logarithm yield loss model had better premium rates performance than that of linear yield loss model. The premium rates of Grain Buds Cold Weather Index Insurance fluctuated between 7.085% and 10.151% in Jiangxi Province. Compared with common statistical methods, the artificial controlled experiment provides an easier and more robust way to determine the relationship between yield and single meteorological factor. Meanwhile, this experiment would be very important for some regions where were lacking in historical yield data and climate data and could help farmers cope with extreme cold weather risks under varying weather conditions.

  10. Height premium for job performance.

    PubMed

    Kim, Tae Hyun; Han, Euna

    2017-08-01

    This study assessed the relationship of height with wages, using the 1998 and 2012 Korean Labor and Income Panel Study data. The key independent variable was height measured in centimeters, which was included as a series of dummy indicators of height per 5cm span (<155cm, 155-160cm, 160-165cm, and ≥165cm for women; <165cm, 165-170cm, 170-175cm, 175-180cm, and ≥180cm for men). We controlled for household- and individual-level random effects. We used a random-effect quantile regression model for monthly wages to assess the heterogeneity in the height-wage relationship, across the conditional distribution of monthly wages. We found a non-linear relationship of height with monthly wages. For men, the magnitude of the height wage premium was overall larger at the upper quantile of the conditional distribution of log monthly wages than at the median to low quantile, particularly in professional and semi-professional occupations. The height-wage premium was also larger at the 90th quantile for self-employed women and salaried men. Our findings add a global dimension to the existing evidence on height-wage premium, demonstrating non-linearity in the association between height and wages and heterogeneous changes in the dispersion and direction of the association between height and wages, by wage level. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  11. Differing Impacts Of Market Concentration On Affordable Care Act Marketplace Premiums.

    PubMed

    Scheffler, Richard M; Arnold, Daniel R; Fulton, Brent D; Glied, Sherry A

    2016-05-01

    Recent increases in market concentration among health plans, hospitals, and medical groups raise questions about what impact such mergers are having on costs to consumers. We examined the impact of market concentration on the growth of health insurance premiums between 2014 and 2015 in two Affordable Care Act state-based Marketplaces: Covered California and NY State of Health. We measured health plan, hospital, and medical group market concentration using the well-known Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI) and used a multivariate regression model to relate these measures to premium growth. Both states exhibited a positive association between hospital concentration and premium growth and a positive (but not statistically significant) association between medical group concentration and premium growth. Our results for health plan concentration differed between the two states: It was positively associated with premium growth in New York but negatively associated with premium growth in California. The health plan concentration finding in Covered California may be the result of its selectively contracting with health plans. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  12. Performance evaluation of haptic hand-controllers in a robot-assisted surgical system.

    PubMed

    Zareinia, Kourosh; Maddahi, Yaser; Ng, Canaan; Sepehri, Nariman; Sutherland, Garnette R

    2015-12-01

    This paper presents the experimental evaluation of three commercially available haptic hand-controllers to evaluate which was more suitable to the participants. Two surgeons and seven engineers performed two peg-in-hole tasks with different levels of difficulty. Each operator guided the end-effector of a Kuka manipulator that held surgical forceps and was equipped with a surgical microscope. Sigma 7, HD(2) and PHANToM Premium 3.0 hand-controllers were compared. Ten measures were adopted to evaluate operators' performances with respect to effort, speed and accuracy in completing a task, operator improvement during the tests, and the force applied by each haptic device. The best performance was observed with the Premium 3.0; the hand-piece was able to be held in a similar way to that used by surgeons to hold conventional tools. Hand-controllers with a linkage structure similar to the human upper extremity take advantage of the inherent human brain connectome, resulting in improved surgeon performance during robotic-assisted surgery. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  13. 5 CFR 892.206 - Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium conversion?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.206 Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium...

  14. 5 CFR 892.206 - Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium conversion?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.206 Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium...

  15. 5 CFR 892.206 - Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium conversion?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.206 Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium...

  16. 5 CFR 892.206 - Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium conversion?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.206 Can I cancel my waiver and participate in premium...

  17. 5 CFR 892.102 - What is premium conversion and how does it work?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS... FEHB insurance premium. If you are a participant in the premium conversion plan, Section 125 of the...

  18. 38 CFR 8.14 - Provision for extended term insurance-other than 5-year level premium term or limited convertible...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... under 38 U.S.C. 1925, will purchase when applied as a net single premium at the attained age of the... indebtedness for such time from the due date of the premium in default as the reserve of the policy less any indebtedness will purchase when applied as a net single premium at the attained age of the insured. For this...

  19. The Effect of Massachusetts' Health Reform on Employer-Sponsored Insurance Premiums.

    PubMed

    Cogan, John F; Hubbard, R Glenn; Kessler, Daniel

    2010-01-01

    In this paper, we use publicly available data from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey - Insurance Component (MEPS-IC) to investigate the effect of Massachusetts' health reform plan on employer-sponsored insurance premiums. We tabulate premium growth for private-sector employers in Massachusetts and the United States as a whole for 2004 - 2008. We estimate the effect of the plan as the difference in premium growth between Massachusetts and the United States between 2006 and 2008-that is, before versus after the plan-over and above the difference in premium growth for 2004 to 2006. We find that health reform in Massachusetts increased single-coverage employer-sponsored insurance premiums by about 6 percent, or $262. Although our research design has important limitations, it does suggest that policy makers should be concerned about the consequences of health reform for the cost of private insurance.

  20. 48 CFR 1228.106-7100 - Waiver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Ship Sales Act of 1946 (50 App. U.S.C. 1735 et seq.), regardless of the terms of the contracts as to... as the Government would directly or indirectly bear the burden of premiums for performance and... performance bonds, or both, will be advantageous in connection with certain such contracts. ...

  1. What drives insurer participation and premiums in the Federally-Facilitated Marketplace?

    PubMed

    Abraham, Jean Marie; Drake, Coleman; McCullough, Jeffrey S; Simon, Kosali

    2017-12-01

    We investigate determinants of market entry and premiums within the context of the Affordable Care Act's Marketplaces for individual insurance. Using Bresnahan and Reiss (1991) as the conceptual framework, we study how competition and firm heterogeneity relate to premiums in 36 states using Federally Facilitated or Supported Marketplaces in 2016. Our primary data source is the Qualified Health Plan Landscape File, augmented with market characteristics from the American Community Survey and Area Health Resource File as well as insurer-level information from federal Medical Loss Ratio annual reports. We first estimate a model of insurer entry and then investigate the relationship between a market's predicted number of entrants and insurer-level premiums. Our entry model results suggest that competition is increasing with the number of insurers, most notably as the market size increases from 3 to 4 entrants. Results from the premium regression suggest that each additional entrant is associated with approximately 4% lower premiums, controlling for other factors. An alternative explanation for the relationship between entrants and premiums is that more efficient insurers (who can price lower) are the ones that enter markets with many entrants, and this is reflected in lower premiums. An exploratory analysis of insurers' non-claims costs (a proxy for insurer efficiency) reveals that average costs among entrants are rising slightly with the number of insurers in the market. This pattern does not support the hypothesis that premiums decrease with more entrants because those entrants are more efficient, suggesting instead that the results are being driven mostly by price competition.

  2. Employee responses to health insurance premium increases.

    PubMed

    Goldman, Dana P; Leibowitz, Arleen A; Robalino, David A

    2004-01-01

    To determine the sensitivity of employees' health insurance decisions--including the decision to not choose health maintenance organization or fee-for-service coverage--during periods of rapidly escalating healthcare costs. A retrospective cohort study of employee plan choices at a single large firm with a "cafeteria-style" benefits plan wherein employees paid all the additional cost of purchasing more generous insurance. We modeled the probability that an employee would drop coverage or switch plans in response to employee premium increases using data from a single large US company with employees across 47 states during the 3-year period of 1989 through 1991, a time of large premium increases within and across plans. Premium increases induced substantial plan switching. Single employees were more likely to respond to premium increases by dropping coverage, whereas families tended to switch to another plan. Premium increases of 10% induced 7% of single employees to drop or severely cut back on coverage; 13% to switch to another plan; and 80% to remain in their existing plan. Similar figures for those with family coverage were 11%, 12%, and 77%, respectively. Simulation results that control for known covariates show similar increases. When faced with a dramatic increase in premiums--on the order of 20%--nearly one fifth of the single employees dropped coverage compared with 10% of those with family coverage. Employee coverage decisions are sensitive to rapidly increasing premiums, and single employees may be likely to drop coverage. This finding suggests that sustained premium increases could induce substantial increases in the number of uninsured individuals.

  3. 5 CFR 890.1306 - Government premium contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ....1306 Section 890.1306 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE... Health Benefits Program Demonstration Project § 890.1306 Government premium contributions. The Secretary... family members. The government contribution toward demonstration project premium rates will be determined...

  4. 17 CFR 270.6e-3(T) - Temporary exemptions for flexible premium variable life insurance separate accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... contracts, including, but not limited to, premium rate structure and premium processing, insurance... discrete cash values that may vary in amount in accordance with the investment experience of the separate...

  5. 17 CFR 270.6e-3(T) - Temporary exemptions for flexible premium variable life insurance separate accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... contracts, including, but not limited to, premium rate structure and premium processing, insurance... discrete cash values that may vary in amount in accordance with the investment experience of the separate...

  6. 17 CFR 270.6e-3(T) - Temporary exemptions for flexible premium variable life insurance separate accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... contracts, including, but not limited to, premium rate structure and premium processing, insurance... discrete cash values that may vary in amount in accordance with the investment experience of the separate...

  7. 17 CFR 270.6e-3(T) - Temporary exemptions for flexible premium variable life insurance separate accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... contracts, including, but not limited to, premium rate structure and premium processing, insurance... discrete cash values that may vary in amount in accordance with the investment experience of the separate...

  8. 17 CFR 270.6e-3(T) - Temporary exemptions for flexible premium variable life insurance separate accounts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... contracts, including, but not limited to, premium rate structure and premium processing, insurance... discrete cash values that may vary in amount in accordance with the investment experience of the separate...

  9. 17 CFR 256.924 - Property insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums to protect the service company against losses and damages to owned or leased property... covered, and the applicable premiums. Any dividends distributed by mutual insurance companies shall be credited to the accounts to which the insurance premiums were charged. ...

  10. 17 CFR 256.924 - Property insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums to protect the service company against losses and damages to owned or leased property... covered, and the applicable premiums. Any dividends distributed by mutual insurance companies shall be credited to the accounts to which the insurance premiums were charged. ...

  11. Premium Rebates and the Quiet Consensus on Market Reform for Medicare

    PubMed Central

    Feldman, Roger; Dowd, Bryan E.; Coulam, Robert; Nichols, Len; Mutti, Anne

    2001-01-01

    Premium rebates allow beneficiaries who choose more efficient Medicare options to receive cash rebates, rather than extra benefits. That simple idea has been controversial. Without fanfare, however, premium rebates have become a key area of agreement in the debate on Medicare reform. Moreover, in legislation in late 2000, it became official policy: Medicare+Choice (M+C) plans will be allowed to offer rebates beginning in 2003. This article explores the economic rationale for premium rebates, provides a historical perspective on the rebate debate, discusses some of the implementation issues that need to be addressed before 2003, and reviews the implications of premium rebates for current legislative proposals for Medicare reform. PMID:12500336

  12. 5 CFR 890.1306 - Government premium contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Government premium contributions. 890... Health Benefits Program Demonstration Project § 890.1306 Government premium contributions. The Secretary of Defense is responsible for the government contribution for enrolled eligible beneficiaries and...

  13. 5 CFR 890.1306 - Government premium contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Government premium contributions. 890... Health Benefits Program Demonstration Project § 890.1306 Government premium contributions. The Secretary of Defense is responsible for the government contribution for enrolled eligible beneficiaries and...

  14. Health Insurance Marketplaces: Early Findings on Changes in Plan Availability and Premiums in Rural Places, 2014-2015.

    PubMed

    Barker, Abigail; McBride, Timothy D; Kemper, Leah M; Mueller, Keith

    2015-05-01

    The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act established Health Insurance Marketplaces (HIMs) in all 50 states and the District of Columbia. This policy brief assesses the changes in HIMs from 2014 to 2015 in terms of choices offered and premiums charged, with emphasis on how these measures vary across rural and urban places. Key Findings. (1) In 74 percent of HIM rating areas, the number of firms operating increased by at least one, while the number of firms decreased in only about 6 percent of rating areas. Further, 64 percent of rating areas with fewer than 50 persons per square mile gained at least one firm. (2) There was no consistent pattern of premium increases with respect to rating area population density (used as a proxy here for the degree of "ruralness" of the rating areas). Nationally, rural areas are not experiencing higher premium increases than their urban counterparts. In fact, the lowest increases in second-lowest cost silver plan premiums occurred in the medium-density population rating areas of 51 to 300 persons per square mile. (3) Average adjusted premiums increased from 2014 to 2015 by 6.7 percent in Federally-Facilitated Marketplaces (FFMs) compared to just 1.4 percent in State-Based Marketplaces (SBMs). Regardless of SBM or FFM status, premium increases across the United States were negatively correlated with the number of firms entering the market. (4) Analysis of the most rural states, in terms of percentage of the population classified as nonmetropolitan, shows that, in general, premiums fell significantly in rural places where they had been rather high, and they increased in rural places where they had been rather low. The five rural states with the lowest premium increases had an average of 0.17 firms entering the market, while the five with the highest premium increases had an average of 0.50 firms exiting the market.

  15. Analysis of private health insurance premium growth rates: 1985-1992.

    PubMed

    Feldstein, P J; Wickizer, T M

    1995-10-01

    The rate of increase in health care expenditures has been a central policy concern for well over a decade, yet little empirical research has been conducted to examine expenditure growth rates. This study analyzed health insurance premium growth rates for a selected sample of 95 insured groups over the period 1985 to 1992. During this time, premiums increased by approximately 150% in nominal terms and by 45% in real terms. The observed rate of growth was not constant over time, however. The most rapid growth occurred during the years 1986 to 1989; thereafter, the rate of increase in premiums declined. Multivariate analysis was conducted to assess the effects on premium growth rates of selected variables representing insurance benefit design features, market competitive factors, insurance system factors, and group-specific factors. In addition to the percentage increase in benefit payments, other factors found to affect premium growth rates were health maintenance organization market penetration, deductible level, the coinsurance rate, and state insurance mandates. Further, this analysis suggests that the insurance underwriting cycle may play an important role in influencing insurance premium growth rates. These results support the belief that health maintenance organization induced competition has potential to control the rate of increase in health care costs.

  16. Without the individual mandate, the Affordable Care Act would still cover 23 million; premiums would rise less than predicted.

    PubMed

    Sheils, John F; Haught, Randall

    2011-11-01

    Many policy analysts fear that eliminating the individual health insurance mandate and penalty from the Affordable Care Act of 2010 would lead to a "premium spiral," in which healthy people would drop coverage, premiums would soar, and the number of people with coverage would plummet. However, there are other provisions of the law that would greatly mitigate this effect. For example, the subsidies provided in the law to help people purchase coverage through health insurance exchanges would restrain a premium spiral by absorbing much of the impact of premium increases. We estimate that if the mandate were lifted, premiums in the individual market would increase by 12.6 percent-somewhat less than other estimates-with 7.8 million people losing coverage, versus other estimates for coverage loss of 16-24 million people. In sum, the Affordable Care Act would still cover 23 million people who would have been uninsured without the law. Our study suggests that although the mandate would have important effects on premiums and coverage, it might not be essential to the act's successful implementation.

  17. Covered California: The Impact of Provider and Health Plan Market Power on Premiums.

    PubMed

    Scheffler, Richard M; Kessell, Eric; Brandt, Margareta

    2015-12-01

    We explain the establishment of Covered California, California's health insurance marketplace. The marketplace uses an active purchaser model, which means that Covered California can selectively contract with some health plans and exclude others. During the 2014 open-enrollment period, it enrolled 1.3 million people, who are covered by eleven health plans. We describe the market shares of health plans in California and in each of the nineteen rating regions. We examine the empirical relationship between measures of provider market concentration--spanning health plans, hospitals, and medical groups--and rating region premiums. To do this, we analyze premiums for silver and bronze plans for specific age groups. We find both medical group concentration and hospital concentration to be positively associated with premiums, while health plan concentration is not statistically significant. We simulate the impact of reducing hospital concentration to levels that would exist in moderately competitive markets. This produces a predicted overall premium reduction of more than 2 percent. However, in three of the nineteen rating regions, the predicted premium reduction was more than 10 percent. These results suggest the importance of provider market concentration on premiums. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

  18. 77 FR 30377 - Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-23

    ... Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Final regulations. SUMMARY: This document contains final regulations relating to the health insurance premium tax credit enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education...

  19. 75 FR 16645 - Increase in the Primary Nuclear Liability Insurance Premium

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-02

    ... Primary Nuclear Liability Insurance Premium AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Final rule... impractical. The NRC is amending its regulations to increase the primary premium for liability insurance... protection requirements and indemnity agreements to increase the primary nuclear liability insurance layer...

  20. 77 FR 69850 - Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual Deductible...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-11-21

    ... percent reserve has been the normal target used to calculate the Part B premium. In view of the strong... 0938-AR16 Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual...

  1. Premium Fuel Production From Mining and Timber Waste Using Advanced Separation and Pelletizing Technologies

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Honaker, R. Q.; Taulbee, D.; Parekh, B. K.

    2005-12-05

    The Commonwealth of Kentucky is one of the leading states in the production of both coal and timber. As a result of mining and processing coal, an estimated 3 million tons of fine coal are disposed annually to waste-slurry impoundments with an additional 500 million tons stored at a number of disposal sites around the state due to past practices. Likewise, the Kentucky timber industry discards nearly 35,000 tons of sawdust on the production site due to unfavorable economics of transporting the material to industrial boilers for use as a fuel. With an average heating value of 6,700 Btu/lb, themore » monetary value of the energy disposed in the form of sawdust is approximately $490,000 annually. Since the two industries are typically in close proximity, one promising avenue is to selectively recover and dewater the fine-coal particles and then briquette them with sawdust to produce a high-value fuel. The benefits are i) a premium fuel product that is low in moisture and can be handled, transported, and utilized in existing infrastructure, thereby avoiding significant additional capital investment and ii) a reduction in the amount of fine-waste material produced by the two industries that must now be disposed at a significant financial and environmental price. As such, the goal of this project was to evaluate the feasibility of producing a premium fuel with a heating value greater than 10,000 Btu/lb from waste materials generated by the coal and timber industries. Laboratory and pilot-scale testing of the briquetting process indicated that the goal was successfully achieved. Low-ash briquettes containing 5% to 10% sawdust were produced with energy values that were well in excess of 12,000 Btu/lb. A major economic hurdle associated with commercially briquetting coal is binder cost. Approximately fifty binder formulations, both with and without lime, were subjected to an extensive laboratory evaluation to assess their relative technical and economical effectiveness as binding agents for the briquetting of 90% coal and 10% sawdust blends. Guar gum, wheat starch, and a multi-component formulation were identified as most cost-effective for the production of briquettes targeted for the pulverized-coal market with costs being around $8 per ton of the coal-sawdust blend. REAX/lime and a second multi-component formulation were identified as the most cost-effective for the production of briquettes targeted for the stoker-coal market. Various sources of sawdust generated from different wood types were also investigated to determine their chemical properties and to evaluate their relative performance when briquetted with clean coal to form a premium fuel. The highest heating values, approaching 7,000 Btu/lb, were obtained from oak. Sawdusts from higher-density, red oak, white oak, hickory, and beech trees provided higher quality briquettes relative to their lower-density counterparts. In addition to sawdust type, a number of other parameters were evaluated to characterize their impact on briquette properties. The parameters that exhibited the greatest impact on briquette performance were binder concentration; sawdust concentration and particle size; cure temperature; and ash content. Parameters that had the least impact on briquette properties, at least over the ranges studied, were moisture content, briquetting force, and briquetting dwell time. The continuous production of briquettes from a blend of coal and sawdust was evaluated using a 200 lbs/hr Komarek Model B-100 briquetter. The heating values of briquettes produced by the unit exceeded the goal of the project by a large margin. A significant observation was the role of feed moisture on the stability of the mass flow rate through the briquetter and on briquette strength. Excessive feed moisture levels caused inconsistent or stoppage of material flow through the feed hopper and resulted in the production of variable-quality briquettes. Obviously, the limit on feed moisture content has a significant impact on the economics of coal-sawdust briquetting since it will ultimately dictate dewatering costs. Interestingly, the maximum feed moisture was found to be dependent to some extent on the binder type with molasses-containing blends being difficult to feed when the moisture content approached 12% while guar gum blends flowed consistently at moisture levels as high as 15% by weight. Due to the low ash and moisture contents of the coal-sawdust briquettes, a production increase of about 50 tons/hr would potentially be realized at a 1,400 ton/hr preparation plant. The overall capital cost of a 50 ton/hr flotation and briquetting addition was estimated to be around $8 million. Based on a conservative briquetting operating cost of $12/ton, the annual profit before taxes was approximated to be $4 million thereby indicating a return on investment in about 2 years. The internal rate of return based on a 10 year life was an attractive 43%.« less

  2. Singular boundary value problem for the integrodifferential equation in an insurance model with stochastic premiums: Analysis and numerical solution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Belkina, T. A.; Konyukhova, N. B.; Kurochkin, S. V.

    2012-10-01

    A singular boundary value problem for a second-order linear integrodifferential equation with Volterra and non-Volterra integral operators is formulated and analyzed. The equation is defined on ℝ+, has a weak singularity at zero and a strong singularity at infinity, and depends on several positive parameters. Under natural constraints on the coefficients of the equation, existence and uniqueness theorems for this problem with given limit boundary conditions at singular points are proved, asymptotic representations of the solution are given, and an algorithm for its numerical determination is described. Numerical computations are performed and their interpretation is given. The problem arises in the study of the survival probability of an insurance company over infinite time (as a function of its initial surplus) in a dynamic insurance model that is a modification of the classical Cramer-Lundberg model with a stochastic process rate of premium under a certain investment strategy in the financial market. A comparative analysis of the results with those produced by the model with deterministic premiums is given.

  3. Premium variation in the individual health insurance market.

    PubMed

    Herring, B; Pauly, M V

    2001-03-01

    Recent proposals to decrease the number of uninsured in the U.S. indicate that the individual health insurance market's role may increase. Amid fears of possible risk-segmentation in individual insurance, there exists limited information of the functioning of such markets. This paper examines the relationship between expected medical expense and actual paid premiums for households with individual insurance in the 1996-1997 Community Tracking Study's Household Survey. We find that premiums vary less than proportionately with expected expense and vary only with certain risk characteristics. We also explore how the relationship between risk and premiums is affected by local regulations and market characteristics. We find that premiums vary significantly less strongly with risk for persons insured by HMOs and in markets dominated by managed care insurers.

  4. Integrating Risk Adjustment and Enrollee Premiums in Health Plan Payment

    PubMed Central

    McGuire, Thomas G.; Glazer, Jacob; Newhouse, Joseph P.; Normand, Sharon-Lise; Shi, Julie; Sinaiko, Anna D.; Zuvekas, Samuel

    2013-01-01

    In two important health policy contexts – private plans in Medicare and the new state-run “Exchanges” created as part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) – plan payments come from two sources: risk-adjusted payments from a Regulator and premiums charged to individual enrollees. This paper derives principles for integrating risk-adjusted payments and premium policy in individual health insurance markets based on fitting total plan payments to health plan costs per person as closely as possible. A least squares regression including both health status and variables used in premiums reveals the weights a Regulator should put on risk adjusters when markets determine premiums. We apply the methods to an Exchange-eligible population drawn from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). PMID:24308878

  5. 45 CFR 156.470 - Allocation of rates for advance payments of the premium tax credit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... of Actuaries in accordance with generally accepted actuarial principles and methodologies; (2...) of this section is performed by a member of the American Academy of Actuaries in accordance with...

  6. 75 FR 68956 - Debt Collection

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-10

    ... premium (including Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance--FEGLI--Basic premium or premium for similar... employees and former FHFA employees who are employed by other agencies by salary offset, that is, by deductions from the current pay account of the employee.\\8\\ Agencies are required to promulgate their own...

  7. Structure and Properties of Thermite Welds in Premium Rails

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1985-12-01

    Thermite welds were used to join combinations of premium rails and AREA Controlled Cooled Carbon rails (i.e., standard rails). The premium rails comprised head-hardened rails and CrMo, CrV and Cr alloy rails. A major objective was to determine the fe...

  8. 75 FR 9247 - Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-01

    ... is soliciting public comments on the subject proposal. Lenders use the Single Family Premium... DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT [Docket No. FR-5376-N-13] Single Family Mortgage Insurance Premium, Single Family AGENCY: Office of the Chief Information Officer, HUD. ACTION: Notice...

  9. 24 CFR 203.283 - Refund of one-time MIP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums-One-Time... the mortgage was endorsed for insurance. The Commissioner shall determine the applicable premium... generated by insurance claims, and (3) expected future payments of premium refunds. [48 FR 28806, June 23...

  10. 24 CFR 203.283 - Refund of one-time MIP.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations Mortgage Insurance Premiums-One-Time... the mortgage was endorsed for insurance. The Commissioner shall determine the applicable premium... generated by insurance claims, and (3) expected future payments of premium refunds. [48 FR 28806, June 23...

  11. 5 CFR 179.203 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Health insurance premiums; (8) Normal retirement contributions as explained in 5 CFR 581.105(e) (e.g... Federal Employee's Group Life Insurance premiums) exclusive of optional life insurance premiums. Employee... the paying agency to offset the salary of an employee. Claim See debt. Creditor agency means an agency...

  12. 42 CFR 422.404 - State premium taxes prohibited.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ....404 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM Organization Compliance With State Law and Preemption by Federal Law § 422.404 State premium taxes prohibited. (a) Basic rule. No premium tax, fee, or...

  13. Malpractice premiums and primary cesarean section rates in New York and Illinois.

    PubMed Central

    Rock, S M

    1988-01-01

    The fear of malpractice liability is mentioned frequently as a cause of increased cesarean section rates, but without quantitative investigations. This perception may be studied at an aggregate level by comparing malpractice insurance premiums, a proxy for liability risk, with primary cesarean section rates. Both New York and Illinois are divided into territories for insurance rates; the premium was uniform within each territory over the period studied for each specialty. Premiums for obstetricians were linked to birth and procedure data from New York and Illinois hospitals for 1981 and 1983, respectively, to determine whether there was a correlation between premium levels and the primary cesarean section rate. A statistically significant difference was found between mean cesarean rates by insurance premium territories in each State. A correlation was observed between increased insurance rates among territories and increased cesarean section rates. Based on these results, a substantial impact was found on delivery decisions resulting from the fear of malpractice suits. PMID:3140270

  14. Obstetricians' rising liability insurance premiums and inductions at late preterm gestations.

    PubMed

    Murthy, Karna; Grobman, William A; Lee, Todd A; Holl, Jane L

    2009-04-01

    To estimate the association between professional liability insurance premiums for obstetricians and late preterm induction (LPI) rates. Data from the National Center for Health Statistics were used to identify all Illinois women pregnant with singletons at 34 weeks' gestation from 1991 to 2003. The independent association between LPI (induction between 34 and 37 weeks' gestation) rates and the previous year's obstetric malpractice insurance premiums was evaluated using linear regression. The mean annual LPI rate (5.4/1000 in 1991 to 15.2/1000 in 2003, P < 0.001) nearly tripled, and obstetricians' professional liability insurance premiums ($55,480 to $110,613, P < 0.001) approximately doubled. After adjusting for race, previous cesarean delivery, marital status, and the presence of antepartum risk factors for indicated preterm delivery, LPI rates increased by 1/1000 births (P = 0.004) for each annual $10,000 increase in the county's obstetric malpractice insurance premium. Rising premiums are associated with increased frequency of LPI among women with singleton gestations.

  15. 45 CFR 158.110 - Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... expenditures. 158.110 Section 158.110 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS ISSUER USE OF PREMIUM REVENUE: REPORTING AND REBATE REQUIREMENTS Disclosure and Reporting § 158.110 Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures. (a) General...

  16. 45 CFR 158.110 - Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... expenditures. 158.110 Section 158.110 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS ISSUER USE OF PREMIUM REVENUE: REPORTING AND REBATE REQUIREMENTS Disclosure and Reporting § 158.110 Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures. (a) General...

  17. 45 CFR 158.110 - Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... expenditures. 158.110 Section 158.110 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS ISSUER USE OF PREMIUM REVENUE: REPORTING AND REBATE REQUIREMENTS Disclosure and Reporting § 158.110 Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures. (a) General...

  18. 45 CFR 158.110 - Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... expenditures. 158.110 Section 158.110 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS ISSUER USE OF PREMIUM REVENUE: REPORTING AND REBATE REQUIREMENTS Disclosure and Reporting § 158.110 Reporting requirements related to premiums and expenditures. (a) General...

  19. 76 FR 50931 - Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-08-17

    ... Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION: Notice of... relating to the health insurance premium tax credit enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010, as amended by the Medicare and...

  20. 45 CFR 162.1701 - Health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Health plan premium payments transaction. 162.1701 Section 162.1701 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Plan Premium Payments § 162.1701 Health plan...

  1. 45 CFR 162.1701 - Health plan premium payments transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Health plan premium payments transaction. 162.1701 Section 162.1701 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human Services ADMINISTRATIVE DATA STANDARDS AND RELATED REQUIREMENTS ADMINISTRATIVE REQUIREMENTS Health Plan Premium Payments § 162.1701 Health plan...

  2. 77 FR 41048 - Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-12

    ... the health insurance premium tax credit enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and... DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY Internal Revenue Service 26 CFR Part 1 [TD 9590] RIN 1545-BJ82 Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION...

  3. 77 FR 41048 - Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit; Correction

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-07-12

    ... Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit; Correction AGENCY: Internal Revenue Service (IRS), Treasury. ACTION... regulations relate to the health insurance premium tax credit enacted by the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act and the Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010. DATES: This correction is...

  4. 78 FR 687 - Bond Premium Carryforward

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-04

    ... regulations provide guidance on the tax treatment of a taxable debt instrument with a bond premium... issue of the Federal Register, the IRS is issuing temporary regulations that provide guidance on the tax treatment of a debt instrument with a bond premium carryforward in the holder's final accrual period...

  5. 78 FR 69140 - Submission of Information Collections for OMB Review; Comment Request; Payment of Premiums...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-11-18

    ... PENSION BENEFIT GUARANTY CORPORATION Submission of Information Collections for OMB Review; Comment Request; Payment of Premiums; Termination Premium AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION... Benefit Guaranty Corporation (PBGC) is requesting that the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) extend...

  6. 24 CFR 207.254 - Changes in premiums; manner of publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... in premiums; manner of publication. Notice of future premium changes will be published in the Federal... Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF... 30-day public comment period for the purpose of accepting comments on whether the proposed changes...

  7. 24 CFR 207.254 - Changes in premiums; manner of publication.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... in premiums; manner of publication. Notice of future premium changes will be published in the Federal... Development (Continued) OFFICE OF ASSISTANT SECRETARY FOR HOUSING-FEDERAL HOUSING COMMISSIONER, DEPARTMENT OF... 30-day public comment period for the purpose of accepting comments on whether the proposed changes...

  8. 24 CFR 213.256 - Premiums; insurance upon completion.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Premiums; insurance upon completion... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES COOPERATIVE HOUSING MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations-Projects § 213.256 Premiums...

  9. 5 CFR 1639.4 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... additional withholding; (3) Health insurance premiums; (4) Normal retirement contributions as explained in 5 CFR 581.105(e); (5) Normal life insurance premiums, excluding optional life insurance premiums; and (6... employee of an agency, including a current member of the Armed Forces or Reserve of the Armed Forces of the...

  10. 14 CFR 198.15 - Non-premium insurance-payment of registration binders.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... 14 Aeronautics and Space 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Non-premium insurance-payment of registration binders. 198.15 Section 198.15 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) WAR RISK INSURANCE AVIATION INSURANCE § 198.15 Non-premium insurance...

  11. 5 CFR 892.301 - How do I pay my premium?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false How do I pay my premium? 892.301 Section 892.301 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and...

  12. 5 CFR 892.301 - How do I pay my premium?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false How do I pay my premium? 892.301 Section 892.301 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and...

  13. 5 CFR 892.301 - How do I pay my premium?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false How do I pay my premium? 892.301 Section 892.301 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and...

  14. 26 CFR 1.803-6 - Amortization of premium and accrual of discount.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Life Insurance Companies § 1.803-6 Amortization of premium... held by a life insurance company. Such adjustments are limited to the amount of appropriate... company. A life insurance company which adjusts amortization of premium or accrual of discount with...

  15. 5 CFR 890.1109 - Premium payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., he or she pays the premium charge for only the days actually covered. The daily premium rate is an... payments. (a) Except as provided in paragraph (b) of this section, the enrollee must pay the full... withholdings, plus the administrative charge described under § 890.1113, for every pay period during which the...

  16. 75 FR 15496 - Agency Information Collection (Service-Disabled Veterans Insurance-Waiver of Premiums) Activities...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-03-29

    ...-Disabled Veterans Insurance--Waiver of Premiums) Activities: Under OMB Review AGENCY: Veterans Benefits...-Disabled Veterans Insurance--Waiver of Premiums, VA Form 29-0812. OMB Control Number: 2900-0700. Type of Review: Extension of a currently approved collection. Abstract: Claimants who become totally disabled...

  17. 75 FR 2593 - Proposed Information Collection (Service-Disabled Veterans Insurance-Waiver of Premiums); Comment...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-01-15

    ... (Service-Disabled Veterans Insurance--Waiver of Premiums); Comment Request AGENCY: Veterans Benefits... information technology. Title: Service-Disabled Veterans Insurance--Waiver of Premiums, VA Form 29-0812. OMB...: Claimants who become totally disabled complete VA Form 29-0812 to apply for a waiver of their Service...

  18. 5 CFR 892.202 - Are retirees eligible for the premium conversion plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... conversion plan? 892.202 Section 892.202 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.202 Are retirees eligible for the premium conversion plan? No...

  19. 5 CFR 892.301 - How do I pay my premium?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false How do I pay my premium? 892.301 Section 892.301 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Contributions and...

  20. 5 CFR 892.201 - Who is covered by the premium conversion plan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... plan? 892.201 Section 892.201 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.201 Who is covered by the premium conversion plan? (a) All...

  1. Making sense of the labor market height premium: Evidence from the British Household Panel Survey.

    PubMed

    Case, Anne; Paxson, Christina; Islam, Mahnaz

    2009-03-01

    We use data from the British Household Panel Survey to examine the labor market premium in height. Most of the premium is explained by higher average educational attainment and sorting into higher-status occupations and industries by those who are taller.

  2. 42 CFR 447.66 - General alternative premium protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false General alternative premium protections. 447.66 Section 447.66 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under Sectio...

  3. 42 CFR 447.66 - General alternative premium protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false General alternative premium protections. 447.66 Section 447.66 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under Sectio...

  4. 42 CFR 447.66 - General alternative premium protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false General alternative premium protections. 447.66 Section 447.66 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under Sectio...

  5. 42 CFR 447.66 - General alternative premium protections.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General alternative premium protections. 447.66 Section 447.66 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PAYMENTS FOR SERVICES Payments: General Provisions Alternative Premiums and Cost Sharing Under Sectio...

  6. 45 CFR 158.241 - Form of rebate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... method that was used for payment, such as credit card or direct debit. ... in the form of a premium credit, lump-sum check, or, if an enrollee paid the premium using a credit card or direct debit, by lump-sum reimbursement to the account used to pay the premium. (2) Any rebate...

  7. 78 FR 58290 - TRICARE; Calendar Year 2014 TRICARE Young Adult Program Premium Update

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary TRICARE; Calendar Year 2014 TRICARE Young Adult... Young Adult Premiums for Calendar Year 2014. SUMMARY: This notice provides the updated TRICARE Young Adult program premiums for Calendar Year (CY) 2014. DATES: The CY 2014 rates contained in this notice...

  8. Big assumptions for small samples in crop insurance

    Treesearch

    Ashley Elaine Hungerford; Barry Goodwin

    2014-01-01

    The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of crop insurance premiums being determined by small samples of yields that are spatially correlated. If spatial autocorrelation and small sample size are not properly accounted for in premium ratings, the premium rates may inaccurately reflect the risk of a loss.

  9. 24 CFR 203.288 - Discontinuance of adjusted premium charge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... instrument, there shall be no adjusted mortgage insurance premium due the Commissioner on account of the... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Discontinuance of adjusted premium... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER...

  10. 12 CFR 572.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real estate or a... association shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under... deposit the flood insurance premiums on behalf of the borrower in an escrow account. This escrow account...

  11. 31 CFR 337.13 - Payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... insurance premiums. When book-entry debentures are being purchased prior to maturity to pay for mortgage insurance premiums, the difference between the amount of the debentures purchased and the mortgage insurance... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Payment of mortgage insurance...

  12. 12 CFR 708b.102 - Special provisions for federal insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... is federally-insured, the NCUSIF will assess a deposit and a prorated insurance premium (unless... Regional Director approves the merger, the NCUSIF will assess a deposit and a prorated insurance premium... and to a refund of the unused portion of the NCUSIF share insurance premium (if any). If the...

  13. 24 CFR 4001.203 - Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. 4001.203 Section 4001.203 Housing and Urban Development... HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM Rights and Obligations Under the Contract of Insurance § 4001.203 Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. (a...

  14. 24 CFR 203.26 - Mortgagor's payments when mortgage is executed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... rents, if any, the estimated taxes, special assessments, flood insurance premiums, if required, and fire and other hazard insurance premiums for the period beginning on the last date on which each such... installment payment under the mortgage, plus an amount sufficient to pay the mortgage insurance premium from...

  15. 12 CFR 339.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... taxes, insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real... bank shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under... insurance that premiums are due, the bank, or a servicer acting on behalf of the bank, shall pay the amount...

  16. 24 CFR 203.26 - Mortgagor's payments when mortgage is executed.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... rents, if any, the estimated taxes, special assessments, flood insurance premiums, if required, and fire and other hazard insurance premiums for the period beginning on the last date on which each such... installment payment under the mortgage, plus an amount sufficient to pay the mortgage insurance premium from...

  17. 24 CFR 4001.203 - Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. 4001.203 Section 4001.203 Housing and Urban Development... HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM Rights and Obligations Under the Contract of Insurance § 4001.203 Calculation of upfront and annual mortgage insurance premiums for Program mortgages. (a...

  18. 12 CFR 572.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real estate or a... association shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under... deposit the flood insurance premiums on behalf of the borrower in an escrow account. This escrow account...

  19. 12 CFR 708b.102 - Special provisions for federal insurance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... is federally-insured, the NCUSIF will assess a deposit and a prorated insurance premium (unless... Regional Director approves the merger, the NCUSIF will assess a deposit and a prorated insurance premium... and to a refund of the unused portion of the NCUSIF share insurance premium (if any). If the...

  20. 24 CFR 203.288 - Discontinuance of adjusted premium charge.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... instrument, there shall be no adjusted mortgage insurance premium due the Commissioner on account of the... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Discontinuance of adjusted premium... HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER...

  1. 12 CFR 339.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... taxes, insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real... bank shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under... insurance that premiums are due, the bank, or a servicer acting on behalf of the bank, shall pay the amount...

  2. 42 CFR 457.810 - Premium assistance programs: Required protections against substitution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ..., must provide the protections against substitution of CHIP coverage for coverage under group health... under premium assistance programs must not be greater than the cost of other CHIP coverage for these... of coverage for children under premium assistance programs to the cost of other CHIP coverage for...

  3. 42 CFR 457.810 - Premium assistance programs: Required protections against substitution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ..., must provide the protections against substitution of CHIP coverage for coverage under group health... under premium assistance programs must not be greater than the cost of other CHIP coverage for these... of coverage for children under premium assistance programs to the cost of other CHIP coverage for...

  4. 42 CFR 457.810 - Premium assistance programs: Required protections against substitution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ..., must provide the protections against substitution of CHIP coverage for coverage under group health... under premium assistance programs must not be greater than the cost of other CHIP coverage for these... of coverage for children under premium assistance programs to the cost of other CHIP coverage for...

  5. 42 CFR 457.810 - Premium assistance programs: Required protections against substitution.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ..., must provide the protections against substitution of CHIP coverage for coverage under group health... under premium assistance programs must not be greater than the cost of other CHIP coverage for these... of coverage for children under premium assistance programs to the cost of other CHIP coverage for...

  6. 78 FR 58291 - TRICARE; Fiscal Year 2014 Continued Health Care Benefit Program Premium Update

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-23

    ... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary TRICARE; Fiscal Year 2014 Continued Health Care... Health Care Benefit Program Premiums for Fiscal Year 2014. SUMMARY: This notice provides the updated Continued Health Care Benefit Program Premiums for Fiscal Year 2014. DATES: The Fiscal Year 2014 rates...

  7. 77 FR 6675 - Premium Penalty Relief for Certain Delinquent Plans

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-09

    ... Delinquent Plans AGENCY: Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation. ACTION: Policy statement. SUMMARY: Executive... limited window for covered plans that have never paid required premiums to pay past-due premiums without... Security Act of 1974 (ERISA). Under sections 4006 and 4007 of ERISA, plans covered by title IV must pay...

  8. 78 FR 14323 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request: Single Family Premium Collection...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-05

    ... information: Title of Proposal: Single Family Premium Collection Subsystem- Upfront (SFPCS-U). OMB Control... Information Collection: Comment Request: Single Family Premium Collection Subsystem-Upfront (SFPCS-U) AGENCY... OMB Control Number and should be sent to: Reports Liaison Officer, Department of Housing and Urban...

  9. 76 FR 71591 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Single Family Premium Collection...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-18

    ... Information Collection: Comment Request; Single Family Premium Collection Subsystem--Periodic (SFPCS-P) AGENCY... proposal by name and/or OMB Control Number and should be sent to: Reports Liaison Officer, Department of... also lists the following information: Title of Proposal: Single Family Premium Collection Subsystem...

  10. 42 CFR 406.32 - Monthly premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... beginning January 1994, if an individual meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, the... next higher dollar.) (c) Qualifying for a reduction in monthly premium. An individual who qualifies for... sections. (e) Collection of monthly premiums. (1) CMS will bill the enrollee on a monthly basis and include...

  11. 42 CFR 406.32 - Monthly premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... beginning January 1994, if an individual meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, the... next higher dollar.) (c) Qualifying for a reduction in monthly premium. An individual who qualifies for... sections. (e) Collection of monthly premiums. (1) CMS will bill the enrollee on a monthly basis and include...

  12. 42 CFR 406.32 - Monthly premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... beginning January 1994, if an individual meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, the... next higher dollar.) (c) Qualifying for a reduction in monthly premium. An individual who qualifies for... sections. (e) Collection of monthly premiums. (1) CMS will bill the enrollee on a monthly basis and include...

  13. 42 CFR 406.32 - Monthly premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... beginning January 1994, if an individual meets the requirements in paragraph (c) of this section, the... next higher dollar.) (c) Qualifying for a reduction in monthly premium. An individual who qualifies for... sections. (e) Collection of monthly premiums. (1) CMS will bill the enrollee on a monthly basis and include...

  14. 78 FR 15407 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request for Regulation Project

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-03-11

    ... health insurance premium tax credit. DATES: Written comments should be received on or before May 10, 2013...: Health Insurance Premium Tax Credit. OMB Number: 1545-2232. Form Number: REG-131491-10. Abstract: This document contains regulations relating to the health insurance premium assistance credit enacted by the...

  15. 5 CFR 410.402 - Paying premium pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Paying premium pay. 410.402 Section 410... for Training Expenses § 410.402 Paying premium pay. (a) Prohibitions. Except as provided by paragraph (b) of this section, an agency may not use its funds, appropriated or otherwise available, to pay...

  16. 26 CFR 1.809-5 - Deductions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Annuity reserves on nonparticipating contracts (other than group contracts) at 12-31-58 57,000 Premiums on... contracts) (gross premiums on such contracts ($85,000) minus return premiums ($5,000) on such contracts) 80... ascertained by the end of the taxable year. (2) Increases in certain reserves. The net increase in reserves...

  17. 42 CFR 403.253 - Calculation of benefits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the gross premiums are computed to provide coverage. (iv) Reserve for future contingent benefits means... the loss ratio calculation period. (iii) Net premium means the level portion of the gross premium used... period, to— (B) The total policy reserve at the last day of the loss ratio calculation period: and (ii...

  18. 26 CFR 1.809-6 - Modifications.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... addition to reserves for bad debts under section 166(c). However, a deduction for specific bad debts shall...) Amortizable bond premium. No deduction shall be allowed under section 171 for the amortization of bond premiums since a special deduction for such premiums is specifically taken into account under section 818(b...

  19. The potential premium range of risk-rating in competitive markets for supplementary health insurance.

    PubMed

    Paolucci, Francesco; Prinsze, Femmeke; Stam, Pieter J A; van de Ven, Wynand P M M

    2009-09-01

    In this paper, we simulate several scenarios of the potential premium range for voluntary (supplementary) health insurance, covering benefits which might be excluded from mandatory health insurance (MI). Our findings show that, by adding risk-factors, the minimum premium decreases and the maximum increases. The magnitude of the premium range is especially substantial for benefits such as medical devices and drugs. When removing benefits from MI policymakers should be aware of the implications for the potential reduction of affordability of voluntary health insurance coverage in a competitive market.

  20. Integrating risk adjustment and enrollee premiums in health plan payment.

    PubMed

    McGuire, Thomas G; Glazer, Jacob; Newhouse, Joseph P; Normand, Sharon-Lise; Shi, Julie; Sinaiko, Anna D; Zuvekas, Samuel H

    2013-12-01

    In two important health policy contexts - private plans in Medicare and the new state-run "Exchanges" created as part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) - plan payments come from two sources: risk-adjusted payments from a Regulator and premiums charged to individual enrollees. This paper derives principles for integrating risk-adjusted payments and premium policy in individual health insurance markets based on fitting total plan payments to health plan costs per person as closely as possible. A least squares regression including both health status and variables used in premiums reveals the weights a Regulator should put on risk adjusters when markets determine premiums. We apply the methods to an Exchange-eligible population drawn from the Medical Expenditure Panel Survey (MEPS). Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. Consumer price sensitivity and health plan choice in a regulated competition setting.

    PubMed

    Bischof, Tamara; Schmid, Christian P R

    2018-05-21

    We estimate premium elasticities in a regulated competition market based on a quasi-exogenous premium increase for young adults in Switzerland. We exploit that individuals born before the turn of the year ("treatment group") face a larger increase in premiums than individuals born after the turn of the year ("control group"). We find that the treatment group is 1.5 times more likely to switch their health plan than the control group. Overall, individuals respond to premium increases by choosing more frequently health plans with managed care features, increasing the deductible, and by switching the insurer. Regarding health plan choice, we find an average elasticity of -0.56 with regard to the relative premium difference of any plan to the status quo contract. The elasticity is up to 5 times larger for the treated (-1.03) than for the controls (-0.19). Our results are not driven by health status as measured by health care expenditures and chronic conditions. Rather, our findings suggest that the difference in the premium elasticity is driven by the salience of the premium increase. We argue that this finding is of high relevance for health care policies that aim at fostering health plan competition. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  2. Premium-Based Financial Incentives Did Not Promote Workplace Weight Loss In A 2013-15 Study.

    PubMed

    Patel, Mitesh S; Asch, David A; Troxel, Andrea B; Fletcher, Michele; Osman-Koss, Rosemary; Brady, Jennifer; Wesby, Lisa; Hilbert, Victoria; Zhu, Jingsan; Wang, Wenli; Volpp, Kevin G

    2016-01-01

    Employers commonly use adjustments to health insurance premiums as incentives to encourage healthy behavior, but the effectiveness of those adjustments is controversial. We gave 197 obese participants in a workplace wellness program a weight loss goal equivalent to 5 percent of their baseline weight. They were randomly assigned to a control arm, with no financial incentive for achieving the goal, or to one of three intervention arms offering an incentive valued at $550. Two intervention arms used health insurance premium adjustments, beginning the following year (delayed) or in the first pay period after achieving the goal (immediate). A third arm used a daily lottery incentive separate from premiums. At twelve months there were no statistically significant differences in mean weight change either between the control group (whose members had a mean gain of 0.1 pound) and any of the incentive groups (delayed premium adjustment, -1.2 pound; immediate premium adjustment, -1.4 pound; daily lottery incentive, -1.0 pound) or among the intervention groups. The apparent failure of the incentives to promote weight loss suggests that employers that encourage weight reduction through workplace wellness programs should test alternatives to the conventional premium adjustment approach by using alternative incentive designs, larger incentives, or both. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  3. Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for value-added chicken product attributes.

    PubMed

    Martínez Michel, Lorelei; Anders, Sven; Wismer, Wendy V

    2011-10-01

    A growing demand for convenient and ready-to-eat products has increased poultry processors' interest in developing consumer-oriented value-added chicken products. In this study, a conjoint analysis survey of 276 chicken consumers in Edmonton was conducted during the summer of 2009 to assess the importance of the chicken part, production method, processing method, storage method, the presence of added flavor, and cooking method on consumer preferences for different value-added chicken product attributes. Estimates of consumer willingness to pay (WTP) premium prices for different combinations of value-added chicken attributes were also determined. Participants'"ideal" chicken product was a refrigerated product made with free-range chicken breast, produced with no additives or preservatives and no added flavor, which could be oven heated or pan heated. Half of all participants on average were willing to pay 30% more for a value-added chicken product over the price of a conventional product. Overall, young consumers, individuals who shop at Farmers' Markets and those who prefer free-range or organic products were more likely to pay a premium for value-added chicken products. As expected, consumers' WTP was affected negatively by product price. Combined knowledge of consumer product attribute preferences and consumer WTP for value-added chicken products can help the poultry industry design innovative value-added chicken products. Practical Application:  An optimum combination of product attributes desired by consumers for the development of a new value-added chicken product, as well as the WTP for this product, have been identified in this study. This information is relevant to the poultry industry to enhance consumer satisfaction of future value-added chicken products and provide the tools for future profit growth. © 2011 Institute of Food Technologists®

  4. 76 FR 69044 - HUD Debt Collection: Revisions and Update to the Procedures for the Collection of Claims

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-07

    ...' Group Life Insurance and ``Basic Life'' Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums are considered to be normal life insurance premiums; all optional Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums... employees. The revisions impose no significant economic impact on a substantial number of small entities...

  5. 76 FR 39221 - HUD Debt Collection: Revisions and Update to the Procedures for the Collection of Claims

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-05

    ...' Group Life Insurance and ``Basic Life'' Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums are considered to be normal life insurance premiums; all optional Federal Employees' Group Life Insurance premiums... Other Actions, would include the procedures that apply when HUD seeks satisfaction of debts owed to HUD...

  6. 29 CFR 825.210 - Employee payment of group health benefit premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. 825.210... and Medical Leave Act § 825.210 Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. (a) Group health... make arrangements with the employer for payment of group health plan benefits when simultaneously...

  7. 29 CFR 825.210 - Employee payment of group health benefit premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. 825.210... and Medical Leave Act § 825.210 Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. (a) Group health... arrangements with the employer for payment of group health plan benefits when simultaneously taking FMLA leave...

  8. 29 CFR 825.210 - Employee payment of group health benefit premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. 825.210... and Medical Leave Act § 825.210 Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. (a) Group health... arrangements with the employer for payment of group health plan benefits when simultaneously taking FMLA leave...

  9. 29 CFR 825.210 - Employee payment of group health benefit premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. 825.210... and Medical Leave Act § 825.210 Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. (a) Group health... make arrangements with the employer for payment of group health plan benefits when simultaneously...

  10. 42 CFR 402.105 - Amount of penalty.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... discriminating in the pricing of the policy based on health status or other criteria as specified in section 1882... premiums on enrollees in excess of the premiums approved by the State; (iii) Action to expel an enrollee for reasons other than nonpayment of premiums; or (iv) Failure to provide each enrollee, at the time...

  11. 42 CFR 402.1 - Basis and scope.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the policy, or discriminates in the pricing of the policy based on health status or other criteria as... network of entities; (B) Imposes premiums on enrollees in excess of the premiums approved by the State; (C) Acts to expel an enrollee for reasons other than nonpayment of premiums; or (D) Does not provide each...

  12. 75 FR 31663 - Sweet Cherries Grown in Designated Counties in Washington; Change in the Handling Regulation

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-06-04

    ... that a premium packed cherry must meet. In addition, to help stabilize the negative pricing pressure... cherries and other lightly-colored sweet cherry varieties that are designated as ``premium'' when handled... lightly-colored sweet cherry varieties that are designated as ``premium'' when marketed. Under this...

  13. 24 CFR 213.257 - Premiums; purchasing cooperatives; Existing Construction; supplementary loans to purchase...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... MORTGAGE INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations-Projects § 213.257 Premiums; purchasing cooperatives... mortgagee, on the date of the insurance endorsement, shall pay a first premium equal to one-half of one... endorsement to one year following the date of the first principal payment. On the anniversary of the first...

  14. 78 FR 666 - Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities Issued at a Premium; Bond Premium Carryforward

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-01-04

    ... regulations that provide guidance on the tax treatment of a debt instrument with a bond premium carryforward... contains final regulations that provide guidance on the tax treatment of Treasury Inflation-Protected... debt instruments. The text of the temporary regulations in this document also serves as the text of the...

  15. 12 CFR 221.122 - Applicability of margin requirements to credit in connection with Insurance Premium Funding...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... in connection with Insurance Premium Funding Programs. 221.122 Section 221.122 Banks and Banking...) Interpretations § 221.122 Applicability of margin requirements to credit in connection with Insurance Premium Funding Programs. (a) The Board has been asked numerous questions regarding purpose credit in connection...

  16. 12 CFR 221.122 - Applicability of margin requirements to credit in connection with Insurance Premium Funding...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... in connection with Insurance Premium Funding Programs. 221.122 Section 221.122 Banks and Banking...) Interpretations § 221.122 Applicability of margin requirements to credit in connection with Insurance Premium Funding Programs. (a) The Board has been asked numerous questions regarding purpose credit in connection...

  17. 29 CFR 4007.12 - Liability for single-employer premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... of the plan administrator as the person required to make flat-rate and variable-rate premium filings... liable for flat-rate and variable-rate premium payments, and, if the contributing sponsor is a member of a controlled group, each member of the controlled group is jointly and severally liable for the...

  18. 24 CFR 207.252 - First, second and third premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ..., shall pay to the Commissioner a first mortgage insurance premium equal to not less than one-fourth of... insurance endorsement, the mortgagee, upon the anniversary of such insurance date, shall pay a second... mortgagee shall pay a third premium equal to not less than one-fourth of one percent nor more than one...

  19. 24 CFR 207.252 - First, second and third premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ..., shall pay to the Commissioner a first mortgage insurance premium equal to not less than one-fourth of... insurance endorsement, the mortgagee, upon the anniversary of such insurance date, shall pay a second... mortgagee shall pay a third premium equal to not less than one-fourth of one percent nor more than one...

  20. 24 CFR 220.806 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... refund of insurance premium. Upon termination of loan insurance contract by a payment in full or by a... equal to the pro rata portion of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Pro rata refund of insurance...

  1. 24 CFR 252.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 252.6 Section 252.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and..., AND BOARD AND CARE HOMES § 252.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

  2. 24 CFR 203.18c - One-time or up-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. 203.18c Section 203.18c Housing and...-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. After... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE...

  3. 12 CFR 760.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real estate or a... shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under § 760.3... insurance premiums on behalf of the borrower in an escrow account. This escrow account will be subject to...

  4. 12 CFR 22.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... HAZARDS § 22.5 Escrow requirement. If a bank requires the escrow of taxes, insurance premiums, fees, or... premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under § 22.3. The bank, or a servicer acting on behalf of the bank, shall deposit the flood insurance premiums on behalf of the borrower in an escrow...

  5. 24 CFR 236.253 - Premiums-operating loss loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Obligations for Mortgage Insurance § 236.253 Premiums—operating loss loans. All of the provisions of § 207.252a of this chapter relating to mortgage insurance premiums on operating loss loans shall apply to... Act the mortgage insurance premiums due in accordance with § 207.252a shall be calculated on the basis...

  6. 12 CFR 614.4935 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real estate or a... shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under § 614.4930... insurance that premiums are due, the institution, or a servicer acting on behalf of the institution, shall...

  7. 24 CFR 255.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 255.6 Section 255.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and... PROJECTS § 255.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of 24 CFR 251.6 shall..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

  8. 24 CFR 236.253 - Premiums-operating loss loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Obligations for Mortgage Insurance § 236.253 Premiums—operating loss loans. All of the provisions of § 207.252a of this chapter relating to mortgage insurance premiums on operating loss loans shall apply to... Act the mortgage insurance premiums due in accordance with § 207.252a shall be calculated on the basis...

  9. 24 CFR 252.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premiums. 252.6 Section 252.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and..., AND BOARD AND CARE HOMES § 252.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of..., DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT...

  10. 24 CFR 2700.310 - Fees.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... equal to the annual premium for flood insurance required by § 2700.101(a)(4) (the lender shall pay the homeowner's flood insurance premium for that year to the extent it collects such an amount); and (4) An amount equal to the annual mortgage insurance premium required under § 2700.315. (b) Subsequent to the...

  11. 24 CFR 203.18c - One-time or up-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. 203.18c Section 203.18c Housing and...-front mortgage insurance premium excluded from limitations on maximum mortgage amounts. After... LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES SINGLE FAMILY MORTGAGE...

  12. 12 CFR 760.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real estate or a... shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under § 760.3... insurance premiums on behalf of the borrower in an escrow account. This escrow account will be subject to...

  13. 12 CFR 614.4935 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., insurance premiums, fees, or any other charges for a loan secured by residential improved real estate or a... shall also require the escrow of all premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under § 614.4930... insurance that premiums are due, the institution, or a servicer acting on behalf of the institution, shall...

  14. 12 CFR 22.5 - Escrow requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... HAZARDS § 22.5 Escrow requirement. If a bank requires the escrow of taxes, insurance premiums, fees, or... premiums and fees for any flood insurance required under § 22.3. The bank, or a servicer acting on behalf of the bank, shall deposit the flood insurance premiums on behalf of the borrower in an escrow...

  15. 24 CFR 220.806 - Pro rata refund of insurance premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... refund of insurance premium. Upon termination of loan insurance contract by a payment in full or by a... equal to the pro rata portion of the current annual loan insurance premium theretofore paid which is... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Pro rata refund of insurance...

  16. 29 CFR 825.212 - Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.212 Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments. (a)(1) In... obligations to maintain health insurance coverage cease under FMLA if an employee's premium payment is more... an employee's insurance in accordance with this section and fails to restore the employee's health...

  17. 47 CFR 69.113 - Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Computation of Charges § 69.113 Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services. (a) Charges that are computed in accordance with this section shall be...

  18. 47 CFR 69.113 - Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Computation of Charges § 69.113 Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services. (a) Charges that are computed in accordance with this section shall be...

  19. 47 CFR 69.113 - Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Computation of Charges § 69.113 Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services. (a) Charges that are computed in accordance with this section shall be...

  20. 47 CFR 69.113 - Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Computation of Charges § 69.113 Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services. (a) Charges that are computed in accordance with this section shall be...

  1. 47 CFR 69.113 - Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 47 Telecommunication 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent... CARRIER SERVICES (CONTINUED) ACCESS CHARGES Computation of Charges § 69.113 Non-premium charges for MTS-WATS equivalent services. (a) Charges that are computed in accordance with this section shall be...

  2. 24 CFR 213.254 - Premiums where first principal payment more than one year after initial endorsement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums where first principal... INSURANCE Contract Rights and Obligations-Projects § 213.254 Premiums where first principal payment more than one year after initial endorsement. (a) Management and Sales Types and Investor Sponsored Projects...

  3. 7 CFR 457.3 - Premium rates, production guarantees or amounts of insurance, coverage levels, and prices at...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... 7 Agriculture 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Premium rates, production guarantees or amounts of... Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FEDERAL CROP INSURANCE CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE COMMON CROP INSURANCE REGULATIONS § 457.3 Premium rates, production guarantees or...

  4. 38 CFR 8.5 - Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. 8.5 Section 8.5 Pensions, Bonuses, and... Authorization for deduction of premiums from compensation, retirement pay, or pension. Deductions from benefits...

  5. 26 CFR 1.7872-15 - Split-dollar loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... or indirectly by the non-owner to the owner (including a premium payment made by the non-owner...-dollar life insurance arrangement, the employer makes premium payments on this policy, there is a... paragraph (a)(2)(i) of this section, each premium payment is a loan for Federal tax purposes. Example 2. (i...

  6. 75 FR 68790 - Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual Deductible...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-09

    ... 0938-AP81 Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual... (SMI) program beginning January 1, 2011. In addition, this notice announces the monthly premium for... beneficiaries with modified adjusted gross income above certain threshold amounts. The monthly actuarial rates...

  7. 76 FR 67572 - Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual Deductible...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-11-01

    ... 0938-AQ16 Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual... (SMI) program beginning January 1, 2012. In addition, this notice announces the monthly premium for... beneficiaries with modified adjusted gross income above certain threshold amounts. The monthly actuarial rates...

  8. 78 FR 64943 - Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual Deductible...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-30

    ... 0938-AR58 Medicare Program; Medicare Part B Monthly Actuarial Rates, Premium Rate, and Annual... (SMI) program beginning January 1, 2014. In addition, this notice announces the monthly premium for... beneficiaries with modified adjusted gross income above certain threshold amounts. The monthly actuarial rates...

  9. 26 CFR 1.801-3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... elects to revalue such reserves on a net level premium basis under section 818(c), such revalued basis... life insurance reserves (as defined in section 801(b) and § 1.801-4), plus unearned premiums, and... which a reserve in addition to the unearned premiums (as defined in paragraph (e) of this section) must...

  10. 26 CFR 1.810-2 - Rules for certain reserves.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... insurance reserves on a preliminary term basis elects to revalue such reserves on a net level premium basis... insurance reserves (as defined in section 801(b) and § 1.801-4); (2) The unearned premiums and unpaid losses... liabilities for premium deposit funds. (6) Special contingency reserves under contracts of group term life...

  11. Economic policy uncertainty, equity premium and dependence between their quantiles: Evidence from quantile-on-quantile approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raza, Syed Ali; Zaighum, Isma; Shah, Nida

    2018-02-01

    This paper examines the relationship between economic policy uncertainty and equity premium in G7 countries over a period of the monthly data from January 1989 to December 2015 using a novel technique namely QQ regression proposed by Sim and Zhou (2015). Based on QQ approach, we estimate how the quantiles of the economic policy uncertainty affect the quantiles of the equity premium. Thus, it provides a comprehensive insight into the overall dependence structure between the equity premium and economic policy uncertainty as compared to traditional techniques like OLS or quantile regression. Overall, our empirical evidence suggests the existence of a negative association between equity premium and EPU predominately in all G7 countries, especially in the extreme low and extreme high tails. However, differences exist among countries and across different quantiles of EPU and the equity premium within each country. The existence of this heterogeneity among countries is due to the differences in terms of dependency on economic policy, other stock markets, and the linkages with other country's equity market.

  12. Medical malpractice reform and employer-sponsored health insurance premiums.

    PubMed

    Morrisey, Michael A; Kilgore, Meredith L; Nelson, Leonard Jack

    2008-12-01

    Tort reform may affect health insurance premiums both by reducing medical malpractice premiums and by reducing the extent of defensive medicine. The objective of this study is to estimate the effects of noneconomic damage caps on the premiums for employer-sponsored health insurance. Employer premium data and plan/establishment characteristics were obtained from the 1999 through 2004 Kaiser/HRET Employer Health Insurance Surveys. Damage caps were obtained and dated based on state annotated codes, statutes, and judicial decisions. Fixed effects regression models were run to estimate the effects of the size of inflation-adjusted damage caps on the weighted average single premiums. State tort reform laws were identified using Westlaw, LEXIS, and statutory compilations. Legislative repeal and amendment of statutes and court decisions resulting in the overturning or repealing state statutes were also identified using LEXIS. Using a variety of empirical specifications, there was no statistically significant evidence that noneconomic damage caps exerted any meaningful influence on the cost of employer-sponsored health insurance. The findings suggest that tort reforms have not translated into insurance savings.

  13. An Online Premium? Characteristics and Performance of Online versus Face-to-Face Students in Principles of Microeconomics

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dendir, Seife

    2016-01-01

    The author uses data from two Principles of Microeconomics courses to examine differences in characteristics and performance of online versus face-to-face students. The analysis indicates that even in a traditional institution, the two delivery modes may be serving students with distinctly different backgrounds and characteristics. In terms of…

  14. Demystifying first-cost green building premiums in healthcare.

    PubMed

    Houghton, Adele; Vittori, Gail; Guenther, Robin

    2009-01-01

    This study assesses the extent of "first-cost green building construction premiums" in the healthcare sector based on data submitted by and interviews with 13 current LEED-certified and LEED-registered healthcare project teams, coupled with a literature survey of articles on the topics of actual and perceived first-cost premiums associated with green building strategies. This analysis covers both perceived and realized costs across a range of projects in this sector, leading to the following conclusions: Construction first-cost premiums may be lower than is generally perceived, and they appear to be independent of both building size and level of "green" achievement; projects are using financial incentives and philanthropy to drive higher levels of achievement; premiums are decreasing over time; and projects are benefiting from improvements in health and productivity which, although difficult to monetize, are universally valued.

  15. National trends in the cost of employer health insurance coverage, 2003-2013.

    PubMed

    Collins, Sara R; Radley, David C; Schoen, Cathy; Beutel, Sophie

    2014-12-01

    Looking at trends in private employer-based health insurance from 2003 to 2013, this issue brief finds that premiums for family coverage increased 73 percent over the past decade--faster than median family income. Employees' contributions to their premiums climbed by 93 percent over that time frame. At the same time, deductibles more than doubled in both large and small firms. Workers are thus paying more but getting less protective benefits. However, the study also finds that while premiums continued to rise through 2013, the rate of growth slowed between 2010 and 2013, following implementation of the Affordable Care Act. While families experienced slower growth in premium contributions and deductibles over this period, sluggish growth in median family income means families are paying more in premiums and deductibles as a share of their income than ever before.

  16. 7 CFR 3560.303 - Housing project budgets.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... contribution; (C) Federal unemployment tax; (D) State unemployment tax; (E) Workers compensation insurance; (F) Health insurance premiums; (G) Cost of fidelity or comparable insurance; (H) Leasing, performance... receiving credit reports, police reports, and other checks related to tenant selection criteria for...

  17. Group premiums in micro health insurance experiences from Tanzania.

    PubMed

    Kiwara, Angwara D

    2007-04-01

    The main objective was to assess how group premiums can help poor people in the informal economy prepay for health care services. A comparative approach was adopted to study four groups of informal economy operators (cobblers, welders, carpenters, small scale market retailers) focusing on a method of prepayment which could help them access health care services. Two groups with a total of 714 operators were organized to prepay for health care services through a group premium, while the other two groups with a total of 702 operators were not organized to prepay through this approach. They prepaid through individual premium, each operator paying from his or her sources. Data on the four groups which lived in the same city was collected through a questionnaire and focus group discussions. Data collected was focused on health problems, health seeking behaviour and payment for health care services. Training of all the groups on prepaid health care financing based on individual based premium payment and group based premium payment was done. Groups were then free to choose which method to use in prepaying for health care. Prepayment through the two methods was then observed over a period of three years. Trends of membership attrition and retention were documented for both approaches. Data collected showed that the four groups were similar in many respects. These similarities included levels of education, housing, and social services such as water supplies, health problems, family size and health seeking behaviour. At the end of a period of three years 76% of the members from the two groups who chose group premium payment were still members of the prepayment health scheme and were receiving health care. For the two groups which opted for individual premium payment only 15% of their members were still receiving health care services at the end of three years. Group premium is a useful tool in improving accessibility to health care services in the poorer segments of the population especially the informal economy operators

  18. The public cost of expanding coverage.

    PubMed

    Sheils, J F; Baxter, R J; Haught, R A

    1995-01-01

    The 103d Congress considered several health care reform bills that would encourage voluntary expansions of coverage through insurance market reforms, new tax deductions for premiums, and direct premium subsidies for low-income persons. We found that insurance reforms alone will do little to expand coverage. We also found that most of the proposed tax deductions would go to persons who already have insurance and would have little impact on coverage. Premium subsidies for low-income persons would greatly increase coverage. However, coverage would change little for those who would have to pay all or part of the premium.

  19. The effect of market structure on HMO premiums.

    PubMed

    Wholey, D; Feldman, R; Christianson, J B

    1995-05-01

    We examine the effects of HMO market structure on HMO premiums from 1988 to 1991. More competition, measured by the number of HMOs in the market area, reduces HMO premiums. Although this effect does not appear for IPAs before the highest level of competition is reached, it appears throughout the competitive range for Group HMOs. More market penetration, measured by the percent of the market area population enrolled in HMOs, reduces premiums for IPAs. Since the goal of managed competition is to reduce health care costs by creating competition among managed health care plans, our results offer encouragement for managed competition advocates.

  20. Did the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate increase premiums?

    PubMed

    Depew, Briggs; Bailey, James

    2015-05-01

    We investigate the impact of the Affordable Care Act's dependent coverage mandate on insurance premiums. The expansion of dependent coverage under the ACA allows young adults to remain on their parent's private health insurance plans until the age of 26. We find that the mandate has led to a 2.5-2.8 percent increase in premiums for health insurance plans that cover children, relative to single-coverage plans. We are able to conclude that employers did not pass on the entire premium increase to employees through higher required plan contributions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  1. A voluntary deductible in health insurance: the more years you opt for it, the lower your premium?

    PubMed

    van Winssen, K P M; van Kleef, R C; van de Ven, W P M M

    2017-03-01

    Adverse selection regarding a voluntary deductible (VD) in health insurance implies that insured only opt for a VD if they expect no (or few) healthcare expenses. This paper investigates two potential strategies to reduce adverse selection: (1) differentiating the premium to the duration of the contract for which the VD holds (ex-ante approach) and (2) differentiating the premium to the number of years for which insured have opted for a VD (ex-post approach). It can be hypothesized that premiums will decrease with the duration of the contract or the number of years for which insured have opted for a VD, providing an incentive to insured to opt for a deductible also in (incidental) years they expect relatively high expenses. To test this hypothesis, we examine which premium patterns would occur under these strategies using data on healthcare expenses and risk characteristics of over 750,000 insured from 6 years. Our results show that, under the assumptions made, only without risk equalization the premiums could decrease with the duration of the contract or the number of years for which insured have opted for a VD. With (sophisticated) risk equalization, decreasing premiums seem unfeasible, both under the ex-ante and ex-post approach. Given these findings, we are sceptical about the feasibility of these strategies to counteract adverse selection.

  2. The Effect of Health Plan Characteristics on Medicare+Choice Enrollment

    PubMed Central

    Dowd, Bryan E; Feldman, Roger; Coulam, Robert

    2003-01-01

    Objective To provide national estimates of the effect of out-of-pocket premiums and benefits on Medicare beneficiaries' choice among managed care health plans. Data Sources/Study Setting The data represent the population of all Medicare+Choice (M+C) plans offered to Medicare beneficiaries in the United States in 1999. Study Design The dependent variable is the log of the ratio of the market share of the jth health plan to the lowest cost plan in the beneficiary's county of residence. The explanatory variables are measures of premiums and benefits in the jth health plan relative to the premiums and benefits in the lowest cost plan. Data Collection Methods The data are from the 1999 Medicare Compare database, and M+C enrollment data from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Principal Findings A $10 increase in an M+C plan's out-of-pocket premium, relative to its competitors, is associated with a decrease of four percentage points in the jth plan's market share (i.e., from 25 to 21 percent), holding the premiums of competing plans constant. Conclusions Although our price elasticity estimates are low, the market share losses associated with small changes in a health plan's premium, relative to its competitors, may be sufficient to discipline premiums in a competitive market. Bidding behavior by plans in the Medicare Competitive Pricing Demonstration supports this conclusion. PMID:12650384

  3. The effects of competition on premiums: using United Healthcare's 2015 entry into Affordable Care Act's marketplaces as an instrumental variable.

    PubMed

    Agirdas, Cagdas; Krebs, Robert J; Yano, Masato

    2018-01-08

    One goal of the Affordable Care Act is to increase insurance coverage by improving competition and lowering premiums. To facilitate this goal, the federal government enacted online marketplaces in the 395 rating areas spanning 34 states that chose not to establish their own state-run marketplaces. Few multivariate regression studies analyzing the effects of competition on premiums suffer from endogeneity, due to simultaneity and omitted variable biases. However, United Healthcare's decision to enter these marketplaces in 2015 provides the researcher with an opportunity to address this endogeneity problem. Exploiting the variation caused by United Healthcare's entry decision as an instrument for competition, we study the impact of competition on premiums during the first 2 years of these marketplaces. Combining panel data from five different sources and controlling for 12 variables, we find that one more insurer in a rating area leads to a 6.97% reduction in the second-lowest-priced silver plan premium, which is larger than the estimated effects in existing literature. Furthermore, we run a threshold analysis and find that competition's effects on premiums become statistically insignificant if there are four or more insurers in a rating area. These findings are robust to alternative measures of premiums, inclusion of a non-linear term in the regression models and a county-level analysis.

  4. States with stronger health insurance rate review authority experienced lower premiums in the individual market in 2010-13.

    PubMed

    Karaca-Mandic, Pinar; Fulton, Brent D; Hollingshead, Ann; Scheffler, Richard M

    2015-08-01

    States have varying degrees of review authority over health insurance carriers' rates, including prior approval authority over proposed rates and requirements for loss ratios, the proportion of premium revenues spent on medical claims. The Affordable Care Act (ACA) requires carriers in certain categories of health insurance to provide public justification for rate increases of 10 percent or more. We collected data on how states changed their rate review authority and requirements during 2010-13, the years immediately after enactment of the ACA, and we combined these data with carrier filings. We found that adjusted premiums in the individual market in states that had prior-approval authority combined with loss ratio requirements were lower in 2010-13 ($3,489) than premiums in states with no rate review authority or that had only file-and-use regulations, which gave the states no authority to block rate increases ($3,617). Adjusted premiums declined modestly in prior-approval states with loss ratio requirements, from $3,526 in 2010 to $3,452 in 2013, while premiums increased from $3,422 to $3,683 in states with no rate review authority or file-and-use regulations only. Our findings suggest that states with prior approval authority and loss ratio requirements constrained health insurance premium increases. Project HOPE—The People-to-People Health Foundation, Inc.

  5. 5 CFR 892.204 - How do I waive participation in premium conversion before the benefit first becomes effective?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.204 How do I waive participation in premium conversion before the benefit first becomes effective? You must file a... conversion before the benefit first becomes effective? 892.204 Section 892.204 Administrative Personnel...

  6. 5 CFR 892.204 - How do I waive participation in premium conversion before the benefit first becomes effective?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.204 How do I waive participation in premium conversion before the benefit first becomes effective? You must file a... conversion before the benefit first becomes effective? 892.204 Section 892.204 Administrative Personnel...

  7. 5 CFR 892.204 - How do I waive participation in premium conversion before the benefit first becomes effective?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Eligibility and Participation § 892.204 How do I waive participation in premium conversion before the benefit first becomes effective? You must file a... conversion before the benefit first becomes effective? 892.204 Section 892.204 Administrative Personnel...

  8. 76 FR 38281 - Federal Employees Health Benefits Program: New Premium Rating Method for Most Community Rated...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-06-29

    ... Vol. 76 Wednesday, No. 125 June 29, 2011 Part II Office of Personnel Management 5 CFR Part 890; 48 CFR Parts 1602, 1615, et al. Federal Employees Health Benefits Program: New Premium Rating Method for... Program: New Premium Rating Method for Most Community Rated Plans; Withdrawal AGENCY: U.S. Office of...

  9. 45 CFR 152.21 - Premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Premiums and cost-sharing. 152.21 Section 152.21...-EXISTING CONDITION INSURANCE PLAN PROGRAM Benefits § 152.21 Premiums and cost-sharing. (a) Limitation on... benefits must be at least 65 percent of such costs. (2) The out-of-pocket limit of coverage for cost...

  10. 29 CFR 825.212 - Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Employee Leave Entitlements Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.212 Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments. (a)(1) In... unpaid leave that provide for the employer to cease coverage retroactively to the date the unpaid premium...

  11. 29 CFR 825.212 - Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Employee Leave Entitlements Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.212 Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments. (a)(1) In... unpaid leave that provide for the employer to cease coverage retroactively to the date the unpaid premium...

  12. 29 CFR 825.212 - Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Employee Leave Entitlements Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.212 Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments. (a)(1) In... unpaid leave that provide for the employer to cease coverage retroactively to the date the unpaid premium...

  13. 29 CFR 825.212 - Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Employee Leave Entitlements Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.212 Employee failure to pay health plan premium payments. (a)(1) In... unpaid leave that provide for the employer to cease coverage retroactively to the date the unpaid premium...

  14. 29 CFR 778.205 - Premiums for weekend and holiday work-example.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Premiums for weekend and holiday work-example. 778.205....205 Premiums for weekend and holiday work—example. The application of section 7(e)(6) may be illustrated by the following example: Suppose an agreement of employment calls for the payment of $7.50 an...

  15. 42 CFR 422.270 - Incorrect collections of premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...) Means amounts that- (A) Exceed the limits approved under § 422.262; (B) In the case of an MA private fee-for-service plan, exceed the MA monthly basic beneficiary premium or the MA monthly supplemental premium submitted under § 422.262; and (C) In the case of an MA MSA plan, exceed the MA monthly...

  16. 42 CFR 422.270 - Incorrect collections of premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...) Means amounts that- (A) Exceed the limits approved under § 422.262; (B) In the case of an MA private fee-for-service plan, exceed the MA monthly basic beneficiary premium or the MA monthly supplemental premium submitted under § 422.262; and (C) In the case of an MA MSA plan, exceed the MA monthly...

  17. 42 CFR 422.270 - Incorrect collections of premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) Means amounts that- (A) Exceed the limits approved under § 422.262; (B) In the case of an MA private fee-for-service plan, exceed the MA monthly basic beneficiary premium or the MA monthly supplemental premium submitted under § 422.262; and (C) In the case of an MA MSA plan, exceed the MA monthly...

  18. 42 CFR 422.270 - Incorrect collections of premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... that- (A) Exceed the limits approved under § 422.262; (B) In the case of an MA private fee-for-service plan, exceed the MA monthly basic beneficiary premium or the MA monthly supplemental premium submitted under § 422.262; and (C) In the case of an MA MSA plan, exceed the MA monthly beneficiary supplemental...

  19. 42 CFR 422.270 - Incorrect collections of premiums and cost-sharing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... that- (A) Exceed the limits approved under § 422.262; (B) In the case of an MA private fee-for-service plan, exceed the MA monthly basic beneficiary premium or the MA monthly supplemental premium submitted under § 422.262; and (C) In the case of an MA MSA plan, exceed the MA monthly beneficiary supplemental...

  20. 78 FR 55120 - Proposed Submission of Information Collections for OMB Review; Comment Request; Payment of...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-09

    ... their controlled groups, determined on the day before the plan termination date. Interest on late... addition to the flat-rate and variable-rate premiums under section 4006(a)(3) and (8) of ERISA) that is... on Premium Rates (29 CFR part 4006) and Payment of Premiums (29 CFR part 4007) implement the...

  1. 24 CFR 213.255 - Premiums where first principal payment one year or less after initial endorsement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... insurance endorsement, the mortgagee, upon such first principal payment date, shall pay a second premium equal to one-half of one percent of the average outstanding principal obligation of the mortgage for the... and second premiums shall equal the sum of (i) One percent per annum of the average outstanding...

  2. 5 CFR 892.402 - I am a survivor annuitant as well as an active Federal employee; am I eligible for premium...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Reemployed Annuitants and Survivor Annuitants... employed in a position that conveys FEHB eligibility and is covered by the premium conversion plan, you are...

  3. 5 CFR 892.401 - Am I eligible for premium conversion if I retire and then come back to work for the Federal...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL FLEXIBLE BENEFITS PLAN: PRE-TAX PAYMENT OF HEALTH BENEFITS PREMIUMS Reemployed Annuitants and Survivor Annuitants... reemployed in a position that conveys FEHB eligibility and is covered by the premium conversion plan, you are...

  4. 26 CFR 31.3406(g)-1 - Exception for payments to certain payees and certain other payments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... form prescribed under section 3406 for claiming exempt status. (c) Prepaid or advance premium life..., 1996, on prepaid or advance premium life-insurance contracts to a payee who is the owner for tax purposes of the prepaid or advance premium life-insurance contract. For purposes of this exception from...

  5. 45 CFR 158.241 - Form of rebate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... reimbursement using the same method that was used for payment, such as credit card or direct debit. [75 FR 74921... in the form of a premium credit, lump-sum check, or, if an enrollee paid the premium using a credit card or direct debit, by lump-sum reimbursement to the account used to pay the premium. (2) For each of...

  6. 45 CFR 158.241 - Form of rebate.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... check or lump-sum reimbursement using the same method that was used for payment, such as credit card or... in the form of a premium credit, lump-sum check, or, if an enrollee paid the premium using a credit card or direct debit, by lump-sum reimbursement to the account used to pay the premium. (2) Any rebate...

  7. 29 CFR 825.210 - Employee payment of group health benefit premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. 825.210... LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Employee Leave Entitlements Under the Family and Medical Leave Act § 825.210 Employee payment of group health benefit premiums. (a) Group health...

  8. 24 CFR 213.255 - Premiums where first principal payment one year or less after initial endorsement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Premiums where first principal... Rights and Obligations-Projects § 213.255 Premiums where first principal payment one year or less after initial endorsement. (a) Management and Sales Types and Investor Sponsored Projects. (1) If the date of...

  9. 24 CFR 255.6 - Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... PROJECTS § 255.6 Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. The provisions of 24 CFR 251.6 shall... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Method of payment of mortgage insurance premiums. 255.6 Section 255.6 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and...

  10. 38 CFR 8.17 - Discontinuance of premium waiver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Secretary may grant an additional period of not more than 31 days for payment of the premiums in any case in... paragraph was due to circumstances beyond the insured's control; but the premiums in any such case must be... address at which mail will reach him or her promptly shall not be grounds for a further extension of time...

  11. 38 CFR 8.17 - Discontinuance of premium waiver.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Secretary may grant an additional period of not more than 31 days for payment of the premiums in any case in... paragraph was due to circumstances beyond the insured's control; but the premiums in any such case must be... address at which mail will reach him or her promptly shall not be grounds for a further extension of time...

  12. 26 CFR 1.831-3 - Tax on insurance companies (other than life or mutual), mutual marine insurance companies, mutual...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... premium deposits not required for losses, expenses or reserves is returned or credited to the policyholder..., and mutual fire or flood insurance companies operating on the basis of premium deposits; taxable years... operating on the basis of premium deposits; taxable years beginning after December 31, 1962. (a) All...

  13. 26 CFR 1.848-3 - Interim rules for certain reinsurance agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... before November 15, 1991. (b) Interim rules. In determining a company's gross amount of premiums and... include the same amount in the gross amount of premiums and other consideration under section 848(d)(1)(A... the same amount in the gross amount of premiums and other consideration under section 848(d)(1)(A...

  14. 38 CFR 8.11 - Cash value and policy loan.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... will be taken as the date of delivery. (c) All values, reserves and net single premiums on..., reserves, and net single premiums issued under the provisions of section 1922(a) of title 38 U.S.C., and on...: 38 U.S.C. 1904, 1906) (e) All values on insurance, reserves, and net single premiums issued under the...

  15. 26 CFR 1.806-1 - Adjustment for certain reserves.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... unearned premiums, however, are less than 25 percent of the net premiums written during the taxable year on such other contracts, then the adjustment shall be 3 1/4 percent of 25 percent of the net premiums... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Adjustment for certain reserves. 1.806-1 Section...

  16. 26 CFR 1.249-1 - Limitation on deduction of bond premium on repurchase.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... A issues a callable 20-year convertible bond at face for $1,000 bearing interest at 10 percent per... 26 Internal Revenue 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Limitation on deduction of bond premium on... deduction of bond premium on repurchase. (a) Limitation—(1) General rule. No deduction is allowed to the...

  17. The Humidity in a Low-Flow Dräger Fabius Anesthesia Workstation with or without Thermal Insulation or a Heat and Moisture Exchanger: A Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

    PubMed

    de Oliveira, Sergius A R; Lucio, Lorena M C; Modolo, Norma S P; Hayashi, Yoko; Braz, Mariana G; de Carvalho, Lídia R; Braz, Leandro G; Braz, José Reinaldo C

    2017-01-01

    During anesthesia, as compared with intensive care, the time of the tracheal intubation is much shorter. An inhaled gas minimum humidity of 20 mgH2O.L-1 is recommended to reduce the deleterious effects of dry gas on the airways during anesthesia with tracheal intubation. The Fabius GS Premium® anesthesia workstation (Dräger Medical, Lübeck, Germany) has a built-in hotplate to heat gases in the breathing circuit. A heat and moisture exchanger (HME) is used to further heat and humidify the inhaled gas. The humidity of the gases in the breathing circuit is influenced by the ambient temperature. We compared the humidity of the inhaled gases from a low-flow Fabius anesthesia workstation with or without thermal insulation (TI) of the breathing circuit and with or without an HME. We conducted a prospective randomized trial in 41 adult female patients who underwent elective abdominal surgery. The patients were allocated into four groups according to the devices used to ventilate their lungs using a Dräger Fabius anesthesia workstation with a low gas flow (1 L.min-1): control, with TI, with an HME or with TI and an HME (TIHME). The mean temperature and humidity of the inhaled gases were measured during 2-h after connecting the patients to the breathing circuit. The mean inhaled gas temperature and absolute humidity were higher in the HME (29.2±1.3°C; 28.1±2.3 mgH2O·L-1) and TIHME (30.1±1.2°C; 29.4±2.0 mgH2O·L-1) groups compared with the control (27.5±1.0°C; 25.0±1.8 mgH2O·L-1) and TI (27.2±1.1°C; 24.9±1.8 mgH2O·L-1) groups (P = 0.003 and P<0.001, respectively). The low-flow Fabius GS Premium breathing circuit provides the minimum humidity level of inhaled gases to avoid damage to the tracheobronchial epithelia during anesthesia. TI of the breathing circuit does not increase the humidity of the inhaled gases, whereas inserting an HME increases the moisture of the inhaled gases closer to physiological values.

  18. Foundation Heat Exchanger Final Report: Demonstration, Measured Performance, and Validated Model and Design Tool

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hughes, Patrick; Im, Piljae

    2012-04-01

    Geothermal heat pumps, sometimes called ground-source heat pumps (GSHPs), have been proven capable of significantly reducing energy use and peak demand in buildings. Conventional equipment for controlling the temperature and humidity of a building, or supplying hot water and fresh outdoor air, must exchange energy (or heat) with the building's outdoor environment. Equipment using the ground as a heat source and heat sink consumes less non-renewable energy (electricity and fossil fuels) because the earth is cooler than outdoor air in summer and warmer in winter. The most important barrier to rapid growth of the GSHP industry is high first costmore » of GSHP systems to consumers. The most common GSHP system utilizes a closed-loop ground heat exchanger. This type of GSHP system can be used almost anywhere. There is reason to believe that reducing the cost of closed-loop systems is the strategy that would achieve the greatest energy savings with GSHP technology. The cost premium of closed-loop GSHP systems over conventional space conditioning and water heating systems is primarily associated with drilling boreholes or excavating trenches, installing vertical or horizontal ground heat exchangers, and backfilling the excavations. This project investigates reducing the cost of horizontal closed-loop ground heat exchangers by installing them in the construction excavations, augmented when necessary with additional trenches. This approach applies only to new construction of residential and light commercial buildings or additions to such buildings. In the business-as-usual scenario, construction excavations are not used for the horizontal ground heat exchanger (HGHX); instead the HGHX is installed entirely in trenches dug specifically for that purpose. The potential cost savings comes from using the construction excavations for the installation of ground heat exchangers, thereby minimizing the need and expense of digging additional trenches. The term foundation heat exchanger (FHX) has been coined to refer exclusively to ground heat exchangers installed in the overcut around the basement walls. The primary technical challenge undertaken by this project was the development and validation of energy performance models and design tools for FHX. In terms of performance modeling and design, ground heat exchangers in other construction excavations (e.g., utility trenches) are no different from conventional HGHX, and models and design tools for HGHX already exist. This project successfully developed and validated energy performance models and design tools so that FHX or hybrid FHX/HGHX systems can be engineered with confidence, enabling this technology to be applied in residential and light commercial buildings. The validated energy performance model also addresses and solves another problem, the longstanding inadequacy in the way ground-building thermal interaction is represented in building energy models, whether or not there is a ground heat exchanger nearby. Two side-by-side, three-level, unoccupied research houses with walkout basements, identical 3,700 ft{sup 2} floor plans, and hybrid FHX/HGHX systems were constructed to provide validation data sets for the energy performance model and design tool. The envelopes of both houses are very energy efficient and airtight, and the HERS ratings of the homes are 44 and 45 respectively. Both houses are mechanically ventilated with energy recovery ventilators, with space conditioning provided by water-to-air heat pumps with 2 ton nominal capacities. Separate water-to-water heat pumps with 1.5 ton nominal capacities were used for water heating. In these unoccupied research houses, human impact on energy use (hot water draw, etc.) is simulated to match the national average. At House 1 the hybrid FHX/HGHX system was installed in 300 linear feet of excavation, and 60% of that was construction excavation (needed to construct the home). At House 2 the hybrid FHX/HGHX system was installed in 360 feet of excavation, 50% of which was construction excavation. There are six pipes in all excavations (three parallel circuits - out and back), and the multiple instances of FHX and/or HGHX are all connected in series. The working fluid is 20% by weight propylene glycol in water. Model and design tool development was undertaken in parallel with constructing the houses, installing instrumentation, and monitoring performance for a year. Several detailed numerical models for FHX were developed as part of the project. Essentially the project team was searching for an energy performance model accurate enough to achieve project objectives while also having sufficient computational efficiency for practical use in EnergyPlus. A 3-dimensional, dual-coordinate-system, finite-volume model satisfied these criteria and was included in the October 2011 EnergyPlus Version 7 public release after being validated against measured data.« less

  19. The choice of discount brand cigarettes: a comparative analysis of International Tobacco Control surveys in Canada and the USA (2002-2005).

    PubMed

    Nargis, Nigar; Fong, Geoffrey T; Chaloupka, Frank J; Li, Qiang

    2014-03-01

    Increasing tobacco taxes to increase price is a proven tobacco control measure. This article investigates how smokers respond to tax and price increases in their choice of discount brand cigarettes versus premium brands. To estimate how increase in the tax rate can affect smokers' choice of discount brands versus premium brands. Using data from International Tobacco Control surveys in Canada and the USA, a logit model was constructed to estimate the probability of choosing discount brand cigarettes in response to its price changes relative to premium brands, controlling for individual-specific demographic and socioeconomic characteristics and regional effects. The self-reported price of an individual smoker is used in a random-effects regression model to impute price and to construct the price ratio for discount and premium brands for each smoker, which is used in the logit model. An increase in the ratio of price of discount brand cigarettes to the price of premium brands by 0.1 is associated with a decrease in the probability of choosing discount brands by 0.08 in Canada. No significant effect is observed in case of the USA. The results of the model explain two phenomena: (1) the widened price differential between premium and discount brand cigarettes contributed to the increased share of discount brand cigarettes in Canada in contrast to a relatively steady share in the USA during 2002-2005 and (2) increasing the price ratio of discount brands to premium brands-which occurs with an increase in specific excise tax-may lead to upward shifting from discount to premium brands rather than to downward shifting. These results underscore the significance of studying the effectiveness of tax increases in reducing overall tobacco consumption, particularly for specific excise taxes.

  20. Premium growth and its effect on employer-sponsored insurance.

    PubMed

    Vistnes, Jessica; Selden, Thomas

    2011-03-01

    We use variation in premium inflation and general inflation across geographic areas to identify the effects of downward nominal wage rigidity on employers' health insurance decisions. Using employer level data from the 2000 to 2005 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey-Insurance Component, we examine the effect of premium growth on the likelihood that an employer offers insurance, eligibility rates among employees, continuous measures of employee premium contributions for both single and family coverage, and deductibles. We find that small, low-wage employers are less likely to offer health insurance in response to increased premium inflation, and if they do offer coverage they increase employee contributions and deductible levels. In contrast, larger, low-wage employers maintain their offers of coverage, but reduce eligibility for such coverage. They also increase employee contributions for single and family coverage, but not deductibles. Among high-wage employers, all but the largest increase deductibles in response to cost pressures.

  1. The Marriage Wealth Premium Revisited: Gender Disparities and Within-Individual Changes in Personal Wealth in Germany.

    PubMed

    Lersch, Philipp M

    2017-06-01

    This study examines the association between marriage and economic wealth of women and men. Going beyond previous research that focused on household wealth, I examine personal wealth, which allows identifying gender disparities in the association between marriage and wealth. Using unique data from the German Socio-Economic Panel Study (2002, 2007, and 2012), I apply random-effects and fixed-effects regression models to test my expectations. I find that both women and men experience substantial marriage wealth premiums not only in household wealth but also in personal wealth. However, I do not find consistent evidence for gender disparities in these general marriage premiums. Additional analyses indicate, however, that women's marriage premiums are substantially lower than men's premiums in older cohorts and when only nonhousing wealth is considered. Overall, this study provides new evidence that women and men gain unequally in their wealth attainment through marriage.

  2. Pricing of premiums for equity-linked life insurance based on joint mortality models

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Riaman; Parmikanti, K.; Irianingsih, I.; Supian, S.

    2018-03-01

    Life insurance equity - linked is a financial product that not only offers protection, but also investment. The calculation of equity-linked life insurance premiums generally uses mortality tables. Because of advances in medical technology and reduced birth rates, it appears that the use of mortality tables is less relevant in the calculation of premiums. To overcome this problem, we use a combination mortality model which in this study is determined based on Indonesian Mortality table 2011 to determine the chances of death and survival. In this research, we use the Combined Mortality Model of the Weibull, Inverse-Weibull, and Gompertz Mortality Model. After determining the Combined Mortality Model, simulators calculate the value of the claim to be given and the premium price numerically. By calculating equity-linked life insurance premiums well, it is expected that no party will be disadvantaged due to the inaccuracy of the calculation result

  3. Public and private health insurance premiums: how do they affect the health insurance status of low-income childless adults?

    PubMed

    Guy, Gery P; Adams, E Kathleen; Atherly, Adam

    2012-01-01

    The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) will substantially increase public health insurance eligibility and alter the costs of insurance coverage. Using Current Population Survey (CPS) data from the period 2000-2008, we examine the effects of public and private health insurance premiums on the insurance status of low-income childless adults, a population substantially affected by the ACA. Results show higher public premiums to be associated with a decrease in the probability of having public insurance and an increase in the probability of being uninsured, while increased private premiums decrease the probability of having private insurance. Eligibility for premium assistance programs and increased subsidy levels are associated with lower rates of uninsurance. The magnitudes of the effects are quite modest and provide important implications for insurance expansions for childless adults under the ACA.

  4. Flexible and composite structures for premium pavements. Volume 1, Development of design procedure

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1980-11-01

    This document provides results of a detailed study to identify flexible and composite structures which will perform as zero-maintenance pavements. To accomplish this, the report identifies the major distress types which have seriously limited the mai...

  5. 7 CFR 1767.28 - Customer accounts expenses.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... performed by meter readers and the work represents a minor activity incidental to regular meter reading... funds or to insurance companies for pension purposes. 2. Group and life insurance premiums (credit... used, and expenses incurred in work on customer applications, contracts, orders, credit investigations...

  6. Field investigation of high performance pavements in Virginia.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-01-01

    This study evaluated 18 pavement sections located in high-traffic highways in Virginia to find a premium pavement design with a life span of 40 years or more using current and past field experience. The selected pavement sections were thought to perf...

  7. Formulation and in-vitro evaluation of directly compressed controlled release matrices of Losartan Potassium using Ethocel Grade 100 as rate retarding agent.

    PubMed

    Khan, Kamran Ahmad; Khan, Gul Majid; Zeeshan Danish, Muhammad; Akhlaq; Khan, Haroon; Rehman, Fazal; Mehsud, Saifullah

    2015-12-30

    Current study was aimed to develop 200mg controlled release matrix tablets of Losartan Potassium using Ethocel 100 Premium and Ethocel 100 FP Premium as rate controlling polymer. In-vitro studies were performed according to USP Method-I in phosphate buffer (PH 6.8) using pharma test dissolution apparatus. The temperature of the dissolution medium was kept constant at 37±0.5°C at 100rpm. Flow properties, physical quality control tests, effect of polymer size and drug-to-polymers ratios were studied using different kinetics models such as 1st-order, zero-order, Hixon Crowell model, Highuchi model and Power law. Difference factor f1 and similarity factor f2 were applied for dissolution profiles against Cardaktin® tablets used as a reference formulation. The matrices with polymer ethocel 100 FP Premiums have prolonged the drug release rate as compared to polymer ethocel 100 Premiums. The n values matrices with polymer ethocel grade 100 ranged from 0.603 to 0.857 indicating that the drug release occurred by anomalous non fickian diffusion kinetics while then value of reference Cardaktin® tablet was measured as 0.125 indicating that these tablets do not follow power law. The dissolution profiles of test formulations were different than that of reference Cardaktin®. This suggests the polymer Ethocel grade 100 can be proficiently incorporated in fabrication and development of once a day controlled release matrix tablets. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier B.V.

  8. 75 FR 20413 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Immediate Effectiveness of a...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-04-19

    ... volume levels in non-Premium Tier Penny Pilot issues. This new tiered pricing structure will replace the.... The Exchange also proposes to introduce a Premium Tier for electronic transactions in certain Penny..., UNG, FAZ, DIA, GDX, and USO will qualify for the Premium Tier, and will receive an additional $.05 per...

  9. Study of the Insurance Premium Charged to Borrowers under the Guaranteed Student Loan Program. Report No. 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Touche Ross and Co., Washington, DC.

    Insurance premiums being charged to borrowers under the Guaranteed Student Loan (GSL) program were studied to determine if the rate exceeded the rate necessary to protect the reserves of the insurer. Attention was directed to whether historical changes in the GSL program have affected insurance premiums. Guaranty agency's sources and uses of funds…

  10. 26 CFR 1.1272-2 - Treatment of debt instruments purchased at a premium.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 26 Internal Revenue 11 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Treatment of debt instruments purchased at a....1272-2 Treatment of debt instruments purchased at a premium. (a) In general. Under section 1272(c)(1), if a holder purchases a debt instrument at a premium, the holder does not include any OID in gross...

  11. 12 CFR 1410.3 - Calculation and reporting of premiums due.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... September 30, 2008) and the premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (defined for purposes of this section... this section) to the insured bank during the 3rd Quarter 2008 or 4th Quarter 2008, respectively. (2) In... premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (having been reduced by the Corporation acting under section 5.55...

  12. 12 CFR 1410.3 - Calculation and reporting of premiums due.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... September 30, 2008) and the premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (defined for purposes of this section... this section) to the insured bank during the 3rd Quarter 2008 or 4th Quarter 2008, respectively. (2) In... premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (having been reduced by the Corporation acting under section 5.55...

  13. 12 CFR 1410.3 - Calculation and reporting of premiums due.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... September 30, 2008) and the premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (defined for purposes of this section... this section) to the insured bank during the 3rd Quarter 2008 or 4th Quarter 2008, respectively. (2) In... premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (having been reduced by the Corporation acting under section 5.55...

  14. 12 CFR 1410.3 - Calculation and reporting of premiums due.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... September 30, 2008) and the premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (defined for purposes of this section... this section) to the insured bank during the 3rd Quarter 2008 or 4th Quarter 2008, respectively. (2) In... premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (having been reduced by the Corporation acting under section 5.55...

  15. 12 CFR 1410.3 - Calculation and reporting of premiums due.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... September 30, 2008) and the premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (defined for purposes of this section... this section) to the insured bank during the 3rd Quarter 2008 or 4th Quarter 2008, respectively. (2) In... premium payment for the 4th Quarter 2008 (having been reduced by the Corporation acting under section 5.55...

  16. The Phantom Gender Difference in the College Wage Premium

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hubbard, William H. J.

    2011-01-01

    A growing literature seeks to explain why so many more women than men now attend college. A commonly cited stylized fact is that the college wage premium is, and has been, higher for women than for men. After identifying and correcting a bias in estimates of college wage premiums, I find that there has been essentially no gender difference in the…

  17. The Influence of Age at Degree Completion on College Wage Premiums

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Taniguchi, Hiromi

    2005-01-01

    Although studies have shown a significant wage gain associated with the possession of a college degree, few have considered at what age the degree was received to estimate this college wage premium. Given the recent increase in the enrollment of older students, this study examines how the size of the premium is affected by college timing while…

  18. 29 CFR 778.204 - “Clock pattern” premium pay.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false âClock patternâ premium pay. 778.204 Section 778.204 Labor... Excluded From the âRegular Rateâ Extra Compensation Paid for Overtime § 778.204 “Clock pattern” premium pay... pursuance of an applicable employment contract or collective bargaining agreement,” and the rates of pay and...

  19. 26 CFR 1.953-4 - Taxable income to which section 953 applies.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... subparagraph (2)(iii) of this paragraph shall apply in determining the reserves included in premiums earned on...: (5) Premiums under section 809(c)(1) 600,000 200,000 400,000 (6) Net decrease in reserves under...) Premiums under section 809(c)(1) (paragraph (a)(5)) 600,000 200,000 400,000 (5) Net decrease in reserves...

  20. Deductibles in health insurance: can the actuarially fair premium reduction exceed the deductible?

    PubMed

    Bakker, F M; van Vliet, R C; van de Ven, W P

    2000-09-01

    The actuarially fair premium reduction in case of a deductible relative to full insurance is affected by: (1) out-of-pocket payments, (2) moral hazard, (3) administrative costs, and, in case of a voluntary deductible, (4) adverse selection. Both the partial effects and the total effect of these factors are analyzed. Moral hazard and adverse selection appear to have a substantial effect on the expected health care costs above a deductible but a small effect on the expected out-of-pocket expenditure. A premium model indicates that for a broad range of deductible amounts the actuarially fair premium reduction exceeds the deductible.

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