Recharge of shallow aquifers through two ephemeral-stream channels in northeastern Wyoming, 1982-1983

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lenfest, L.W.

1987-01-01

Quantifying the recharge from ephemeral streams to alluvial and bedrock aquifers will help evaluate the effects of surface mining on alluvial valley floors in Wyoming. Two stream reaches were chosen for study in the Powder River basin. One reach was located along the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River near Glenrock, Wyoming, and the other reach was located along Black Thunder Creek near Hampshire, Wyoming. The reach along the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River was instrumented with 3 gaging stations to measure streamflow and with 6 observation wells to measure groundwater level fluctuations in alluvial and bedrock aquifers in response to streamflow. The 3 streamflow gaging stations were located within the 2.5-mi study reach to measure the approximate gain or loss of discharge along the reach. Computed streamflow losses ranged from 0.43 acre-ft/mi on July 9 , 1982, to 1.44 acre-ft/mi on August 9, 1982. The observation wells completed only in the alluvial aquifer were dry during flow in the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River, whereas water levels in half of the observation wells completed in the bedrock aquifers or the alluvial and bedrock aquifers rose in response to flow in the North Fork Dry Fork Cheyenne River. Groundwater recharge on August 9, 1982, was calculated using a convolution technique using groundwater levels at the upstream site and was estimated to be 26.5 acre-ft/mi. The reach along Black Thunder Creek was instrumented with one gaging station to measure streamflow and with 4 observation wells to measure water level response in alluvial and bedrock aquifers to streamflow. Recharge to the alluvial aquifer from flow in Black Thunder Creek ranged from 3.56 to 12.4 acre-ft/mi. The recharge was estimated using the convolution technique using water level measurements in the observation wells completed in the alluvial aquifer. Water level measurements in the observation wells indicated water level rises in the alluvial and bedrock aquifers in response to flow in Black Thunder Creek. (Author 's abstract)

Advanced direct coal liquefaction concepts. Quarterly report, April 1, 1993--June 30, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berger, D.J.; Parker, R.J.; Simpson, P.L.

Construction and commissioning of the bench unit for operation of the first stage of the process was completed. Solubilization of Black Thunder coal using carbon monoxide and steam was successfully demonstrated in the counterflow reactor system. The results were comparable with those obtained in the autoclave with the exception that coal solubilization at the same nominal residence times was slightly lower. The bench unit has now been modified for two stage operation. The Wilsonville process derived solvent for Black Thunder coal (V-1074) was found to be essentially as stable as the previous solvent used in the autoclave runs (V-178 +more » 320) at reactor conditions. This solvent (V-1074) is, therefore, being used in the bench unit tests. Carbon monoxide may be replaced by synthesis gas for the coal solubilization step in the process. However, in autoclave tests, coal conversion was found to be dependent on the amount of carbon monoxide present in the synthesis gas. Coal conversions ranged from 88% for pure carbon monoxide to 67% for a 25:75 carbon monoxide/hydrogen mixture at equivalent conditions. Two stage liquefaction tests were completed in the autoclave using a disposable catalyst (FeS) and hydrogen in the second stage. Increased coal conversion, higher gas and oil and lower asphaltene and preasphaltene yields were observed as expected. However, no hydrogen consumption was observed in the second stage. Other conditions, in particular, alternate catalyst systems will be explored.« less

Stealing thunder as a courtroom tactic revisited: processes and boundaries.

PubMed

Dolnik, Lara; Case, Trevor I; Williams, Kipling D

2003-06-01

Stealing thunder refers to a dissuasion tactic in which an individual reveals potentially incriminating evidence first, for the purpose of reducing its negative impact on an evaluative audience. We examined whether it was necessary to frame the negative revelation in a manner that downplayed its importance, and found that stealing thunder successfully dissuaded mock jurors even without framing. We also sought to determine the mechanism by which stealing thunder operated, and found that stealing thunder led mock jurors to change the meaning of incriminating evidence to be less damaging to the individual. We also found that stealing thunder's effectiveness did not hinge on whether or not opposing counsel also mentioned the thunder evidence, and that the stealing thunder tactic was no longer effective when opposing counsel revealed to the mock jurors that the stealing thunder tactic had been used on them.

Reassessment of the predatory effects of rainbow smelt on ciscoes in Lake Superior

USGS Publications Warehouse

Myers, Jared T.; Jones, Michael L.; Stockwell, Jason D.; Yule, Daniel L.

2009-01-01

Evidence from small lakes suggests that predation on larval ciscoes Coregonus artedi by nonnative rainbow smelt Osmerus mordax can lead to cisco suppression or extirpation. However, evidence from larger lakes has led to equivocal conclusions. In this study, we examine the potential predation effects of rainbow smelt in two adjacent but contrasting embayments in Lake Superior (Thunder and Black bays, Ontario). During May 2006, we sampled the ichthyoplankton, pelagic fish communities, and diet composition of rainbow smelt in both bays. Using acoustics and midwater trawling, we estimated rainbow smelt densities to be 476 ± 34/ha (mean ± SE) in Thunder Bay and 3,435 ± 460/ha in Black Bay. We used a bioenergetics model to estimate the proportion of cisco larvae consumed by rainbow smelt. Our results suggest that predation by rainbow smelt accounts for 15–52% and 37–100% of the mortality of larval ciscoes in Thunder and Black bays, respectively, depending on the predator feeding rate and the scale of predator–prey overlap. We also examined the sensitivity of past conclusions (based on 1974 field collections) to assumptions of temporal overlap between rainbow smelt and larval ciscoes and estimates of rainbow smelt abundance derived from bottom trawl samples. After adjusting these parameters to reflect current understanding, we found that the previous predation estimates may have been conservative. We conclude that rainbow smelt may have been a more important contributor to the demise and slow recovery of ciscoes in Lake Superior than previously thought.

Prevalence of Yersinia pestis in rodents and fleas associated with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thiagarajan, Bala; Bai, Ying; Gage, Kenneth L.; Cully, Jack F.

2008-01-01

Rodents (and their fleas) that are associated with prairie dogs are considered important for the maintenance and transmission of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague. Our goal was to identify rodent and flea species that were potentially involved in a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs at Thunder Basin National Grassland. We collected blood samples and ectoparasites from rodents trapped at off- and on-colony grids at Thunder Basin National Grassland between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to Y. pestis F-1 antigen by a passive hemagglutination assay, and fleas were tested by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, for the presence of the plague bacterium. Only one of 1,421 fleas, an Oropsylla hirsuta collected in 2002 from a deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, tested positive for Y. pestis. Blood samples collected in summer 2004 from two northern grasshopper mice, Onychomys leucogaster, tested positive for Y. pestis antibodies. All three positive samples were collected from on-colony grids shortly after a plague epizootic occurred. This study confirms that plague is difficult to detect in rodents and fleas associated with prairie dog colonies, unless samples are collected immediately after a prairie dog die-off.

Prevalence of Yersinia pestis in rodents and fleas associated with black-tailed prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus) at Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming.

PubMed

Thiagarajan, Bala; Bai, Ying; Gage, Kenneth L; Cully, Jack F

2008-07-01

Rodents (and their fleas) that are associated with prairie dogs are considered important for the maintenance and transmission of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague. Our goal was to identify rodent and flea species that were potentially involved in a plague epizootic in black-tailed prairie dogs at Thunder Basin National Grassland. We collected blood samples and ectoparasites from rodents trapped at off- and on-colony grids at Thunder Basin National Grassland between 2002 and 2004. Blood samples were tested for antibodies to Y. pestis F-1 antigen by a passive hemagglutination assay, and fleas were tested by a multiplex polymerase chain reaction, for the presence of the plague bacterium. Only one of 1,421 fleas, an Oropsylla hirsuta collected in 2002 from a deer mouse, Peromyscus maniculatus, tested positive for Y. pestis. Blood samples collected in summer 2004 from two northern grasshopper mice, Onychomys leucogaster, tested positive for Y. pestis antibodies. All three positive samples were collected from on-colony grids shortly after a plague epizootic occurred. This study confirms that plague is difficult to detect in rodents and fleas associated with prairie dog colonies, unless samples are collected immediately after a prairie dog die-off.

Advanced liquefaction using coal swelling and catalyst dispersion techniques. Quarterly progress report, July--September 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Curtis, C.W.; Gutterman, C.; Chander, S.

The overall objective of this project is to develop a new approach for the direct liquefaction of coal to produce an all-distillate product slate at a sizable cost reduction over current technology. The approach integrates coal selection, pretreatment, coal swelling with catalyst impregnation, liquefaction, product recovery with characterization, alternate bottoms processing, and carrying out a technical assessment including an economic evaluation. The primary coal of this program, Black Thunder subbituminous coal, can be effectively beneficiated to about 3.5 wt % ash using aqueous sulfurous acid pretreatment. This treated coal can be further beneficiated to about 2 wt % ash usingmore » commercially available procedures. All three coals used in this study (Black Thunder, Burning Star bituminous, and Martin Lake lignite) are effectively swelled by a number of solvents. The most effective solvents are those having hetero-functionality. laboratory- and bench-scale liquefaction experimentation is underway using swelled and catalyst impregnated coal samples. Higher coal conversions were observed for the SO{sub 2}-treated subbituminous coal than the raw coal, regardless of catalyst type. Conversions of swelled coal were highest when Molyvan L, molybdenum naphthenate, and nickel octoate, respectively, were added to the liquefaction solvent. The study of bottoms processing consists of combining the ASCOT process which consists of coupling solvent deasphalting with delayed coking to maximize the production of coal-derived liquids while rejecting solids within the coke drum. The asphalt production phase has been completed; representative product has been evaluated. The solvent system for the deasphalting process has been established. Two ASCOT tests produced overall liquid yields (63.3 wt % and 61.5 wt %) that exceeded the combined liquid yields from the vacuum tower and ROSE process.« less

Investigation of mineral transformations and ash deposition during staged combustion. Quarterly technical progress report, April 1, 1997--June 30, 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Harb, J.N.

This report describes work performed in the fifteenth quarter of a fundamental study to examine the effect of staged combustion on ash formation and deposition. Efforts this quarter included addition of a new cyclone for improved particle sampling and modification of the existing sampling probe. Particulate samples were collected under a variety of experimental conditions for both coals under investigation. Deposits formed from the Black Thunder coal were also collected. Particle size and composition from the Pittsburgh No. 8 ash samples support previously reported results. In addition, the authors ability to distinguish char/ash associations has been refined and applied tomore » a variety of ash samples from this coal. The results show a clear difference between the behavior of included and excluded pyrite, and provide insight into the extent of pyrite oxidation. Ash samples from the Black Thunder coal have also been collected and analyzed. Results indicate a significant difference in the particle size of {open_quotes}unclassifiable{close_quotes} particles for ash formed during staged combustion. A difference in composition also appears to be present and is currently under investigation. Finally, deposits were collected under staged conditions for the Black Thunder coal. Specifically, two deposits were formed under similar conditions and allowed to mature under either reducing or oxidizing conditions in natural gas. Differences between the samples due to curing were noted. In addition, both deposits showed skeletal ash structures which resulted from in-situ burnout of the char after deposition.« less

Catalysts and process developments for two-stage liquefaction. Quarterly technical progress report, January 1, 1991--March 31, 1991, report No. 40

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cronauer, D.C.; Swanson, A.J.; Sajkowski, D.J.

Research under way in this project centers upon developing and evaluating catalysts and process improvements for coal liquefaction in the two-stage close-coupled catalytic process. Further experimentation was undertaken in a continuous flow unit with Black Thunder coal, where the primary goal was to determine the extent of decarboxylation and changes in the structure of the unconverted coal samples. The preliminary results indicated little conversion of the feed coal to THF solubles at 600{degrees}F, although the conversion did increase with increasing temperature up to 24% at 700{degrees}F. The level of decarboxylation was also low at the above reaction temperatures. Thus, presoakingmore » in a coal-derived solvent or even tetralin does not seem to be an effective means to achieve decarboxylation. Feedstock liquefaction studies were done with Martin Lake lignite in a two-stage continuous flow unit. Conversion to THF solubles was 82-87%. The Martin Lake lignite product was very light and no resid was produced. Sulfur levels in the product were low, although nitrogen levels were relatively high, requiring further processing by hydrotreating. An air-oxidized sample of Martin Lake lignite produced high oxygen containing resid at the expense of distillate, which clearly indicates that air oxidation of lignite is detrimental. The spent catalyst from the first stage was severely deactivated and generally, the spent catalysts from both stages were in worse condition than those from a previous run with Black Thunder coal. The completed testing results of Sandia`s NiMo/hydrous titanate oxide (NiMo/HTO) preparations are reported.« less

KSC-02pd0994

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Black storm clouds roll in over the Vehicle Assembly Building, bringing thunder and heavy rain. This type of weather convinced flight control managers to wave off the two scheduled landing attempts at KSC for Endeavour, returning from mission STS-111

Volcanic Thunder From Explosive Eruptions at Bogoslof Volcano, Alaska

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haney, Matthew M.; Van Eaton, Alexa R.; Lyons, John J.; Kramer, Rebecca L.; Fee, David; Iezzi, Alexandra M.

2018-04-01

Lightning often occurs during ash-producing eruptive activity, and its detection is now being used in volcano monitoring for rapid alerts. We report on infrasonic and sonic recordings of the related, but previously undocumented, phenomenon of volcanic thunder. We observe volcanic thunder during the waning stages of two explosive eruptions at Bogoslof volcano, Alaska, on a microphone array located 60 km away. Thunder signals arrive from a different direction than coeruptive infrasound generated at the vent following an eruption on 10 June 2017, consistent with locations from lightning networks. For the 8 March 2017 eruption, arrival times and amplitudes of high-frequency thunder signals correlate well with the timing and strength of lightning detections. In both cases, the thunder is associated with lightning that continues after significant eruptive activity has ended. Infrasonic and sonic observations of volcanic thunder offer a new avenue for studying electrification processes in volcanic plumes.

Advanced Coal Liquefaction Research and Development Facility, Wilsonville, Alabama. Run 262 with Black Thunder subbituminous coal: Technical progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This report presents the results of Run 262 performed at the Advanced Coal Liquefaction R&D Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama. The run started on July 10, 1991 and continued until September 30, 1991, operating in the Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction mode processing Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal (Wyodak-Anderson seam from Wyoming Powder River Basin). A dispersed molybdenum catalyst was evaluated for its performance. The effect of the dispersed catalyst on eliminating solids buildup was also evaluated. Half volume reactors were used with supported Criterion 324 1/16`` catalyst in the second stage at a catalyst replacement rate of 3 lb/ton of MFmore » coal. The hybrid dispersed plus supported catalyst system was tested for the effect of space velocity, second stage temperature, and molybdenum concentration. The supported catalyst was removed from the second stage for one test period to see the performance of slurry reactors. Iron oxide was used as slurry catalyst at a rate of 2 wt % MF coal throughout the run (dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) was used as the sulfiding agent). The close-coupled reactor unit was on-stream for 1271.2 hours for an on-stream factor of 89.8% and the ROSE-SR unit was on-feed for 1101.6 hours for an on-stream factor of 90.3% for the entire run.« less

Advanced direct coal liquefaction concepts. Quarterly report, January 1, 1993--March 31, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berger, D.J.; Parker, R.J.; Simpson, P.L.

1993-07-01

Five barrels of a Wilsonville process derived solvent (V-1074) from Black Thunder coal were obtained. This material boils within the preferred gas oil range, is more aromatic than previous solvents, and will therefore be used for the bench unit studies. Several repeat runs were performed in the autoclave to confirm the results of the matrix study. In addition, runs were carried out with different catalysts, with agglomerates and with the V-1074 solvent. The results of the autoclave runs were analyzed with respect to coal conversion, CO conversion, oil yield, hydrogen consumption and oxygen removal. It was concluded that the bestmore » operating conditions for the first stage operation was a temperature of at least 390{degrees}C, residence time of at least 30 minutes, cold CO pressure of at least 600 psig and potassium carbonate catalyst (2% wt on total feed). The data also indicated however, that the coal conversion goes through a maximum, and too high a severity leads to retrograde reaction and lower coal solubilization. The scope for increasing temperature and time is therefore limited. Petrographic examination of the THF insoluble resids from the autoclave program indicated a maximum coal conversion of about 90% for Black Thunder coal. The bench unit construction was also essentially completed and the bench unit program to be carded out in the next twelve months was defined.« less

75 FR 44951 - Environmental Impact Statements; Notice of Availability

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-30

... Six Tracts of Federal Coal Reserves Adjacent to the Black Thunder, Jacob Ranch, and North Antelope..., Southwest Idaho Ecogroup Land and Resource Management Plan, Updated Information to Reanalyze the Effects of... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [ER-FRL-8991-8] Environmental Impact Statements; Notice of...

The Existential Dimensions of Afro-American Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evans, Elliott

The existential implications in Bontemps'"Black Thunder," Richard Wright's "Native Son," and Ellison's "Invisible Man" are explored in this paper. Each of these novels exhibits a concern about man structuring his existence through the choices he makes in an absurd world. Gabriel, the protagonist of "Black…

KSC-02pd0995

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. -- Black storm clouds hang over the Vehicle Assembly Building and Launch Control Center, bringing thunder and heavy rain to the area. This type of weather convinced flight control managers to wave off the two scheduled landing attempts at KSC for Endeavour, returning from mission STS-111

Direct liquefaction proof-of-concept program. Topical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Comolli, A.G.; Lee, L.K.; Pradhan, V.R.

This report presents the results of work conducted under the DOE Proof-of-Concept Program in direct coal liquefaction at Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. in Lawrenceville, New Jersey, from February 1994 through April 1995. The work includes modifications to HRI`s existing 3 ton per day Process Development Unit (PDU) and completion of the second PDU run (POC Run 2) under the Program. The 45-day POC Run 2 demonstrated scale up of the Catalytic Two-Stage Liquefaction (CTSL Process) for a subbituminous Wyoming Black Thunder Mine coal to produce distillate liquid products at a rate of up to 4 barrels per ton of moisture-ash-free coal.more » The combined processing of organic hydrocarbon wastes, such as waste plastics and used tire rubber, with coal was also successfully demonstrated during the last nine days of operations of Run POC-02. Prior to the first PDU run (POC-01) in this program, a major effort was made to modify the PDU to improve reliability and to provide the flexibility to operate in several alternative modes. The Kerr McGee Rose-SR{sup SM} unit from Wilsonville, Alabama, was redesigned and installed next to the U.S. Filter installation to allow a comparison of the two solids removal systems. The 45-day CTSL Wyoming Black Thunder Mine coal demonstration run achieved several milestones in the effort to further reduce the cost of liquid fuels from coal. The primary objective of PDU Run POC-02 was to scale-up the CTSL extinction recycle process for subbituminous coal to produce a total distillate product using an in-line fixed-bed hydrotreater. Of major concern was whether calcium-carbon deposits would occur in the system as has happened in other low rank coal conversion processes. An additional objective of major importance was to study the co-liquefaction of plastics with coal and waste tire rubber with coal.« less

Direct liquefaction proof-of-concept program. Finaltopical report, Bench Run 4 (227-95)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Comolli, A.G.; Pradhan, V.R.; Lee, T.L.K.

This report presents the results of bench-scale work, Bench Run PB-04, conducted under the DOE Proof of Concept-Bench Option Program in direct coal liquefaction at Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. in Lawrenceville, New Jersey. The Bench Run PB-04 was the fifth of the nine runs planned in the POC Bench Option Contract between the U.S. DOE and Hydrocarbon Technologies, Inc. Bench Run PB-04 had multiple goals. These included the evaluation of the effects of dispersed slurry catalyst system on the performance of direct liquefaction of a subbituminous Wyoming Black Thunder mine coal under extinction recycle (454{degrees}C+ recycle) condition; another goal was tomore » investigate the effects of the combined processing of automobile shredder residue (auto-fluff) with coal and other organic waste materials. PB-04 employed a two-stage, back-mixed, slurry reactor system with an interstage V/L separator and an in-line fixed-bed hydrotreater. The HTI`s newly modified P/Fe catalyst was very effective for direct liquefaction and coprocessing of Black Thunder mine subbituminous coal with Hondo resid and auto-fluff; during `coal-only` liquefaction mode, over 93% maf coal conversion was obtained with about 90% residuum conversion and as high as 67% light distillate (C{sub 4}-975 F) yield, while during `coprocessing` mode of operation, distillate yields varied between 58 and 69%; the residuum conversions varied between 74 and 89% maf. Overall, it is concluded, based upon the yield data available from PB-04, that auto-effective as MSW plastics in improving coal hydroconversion process performance. Auto-fluff did not increase light distillate yields nor decrease light gas make and chemical hydrogen consumption in coal liquefaction, as was observed to occur with MSW plastics.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Wellington K.; Morris, Tyler; Chu, Andrew

The ThunderBird Cup v3.0 (TBC3) program falls under the Minority Serving Institution Pipeline Program (MSIPP) that aims to establish a world-class workforce development, education and research program that combines the strengths of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and national laboratories to create a K-20 pipeline of students to participate in cybersecurity and related fields.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Wellington K.; Morris, Tyler Jake; Chu, Andrew Chun-An

The ThunderBird Cup v2.0 (TBC2) program falls under the Minority Serving Institution Pipeline Program (MSIPP) that aims to establish a world-class workforce development, education and research program that combines the strengths of Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) and national laboratories to create a K-20 pipeline of students to participate in cybersecurity and related fields.

The Atlantic Richfield Company Black Thunder mine haul road dust study. [Wyoming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maxwell, D.R.; Hormel, T.R.; Ives, J.A.

An examination of the effectiveness of various haul road dust control measures was performed at ARCO's Black Thunder Mine near Wright, Wyoming by evaluating both visible observations and quantitative measurements of particle concentrations. In order to evaluate dust control effectiveness both a 300 foot (91.5 meter) and 175 foot (53.4 meter) section of the main coal haul road was selected for testing. The test sections were separated by a 200 foot (61 meter) buffer zone. Each test section was relatively straight and away from interferences from other mine sources. The five haul road treatment test sequences evaluated for control measuremore » effectiveness were: an untreated road segment; water treatment two times per hour; water treatment four times per hour; previously chemically treated segment of haul road (ARCO 2400 dust suppressant); and testing after application of Coherex (10% dilution). By comparing uncontrolled situations with various controlled situations, an estimate of the control efficiency of the dust control measures was determined. Based upon the results of the study a fugitive dust control scheme was selected considering control effectiveness, economics and operational efficiency.« less

78 FR 77644 - Black Hills National Forest, South Dakota; Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming; Teckla...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-24

... National Grassland, Wyoming; Teckla-Osage-Rapid City Transmission 230 kV Project AGENCY: Forest Service... (BHP) to construct and operate a 230 kilovolt (kV) transmission line between the Teckla and Osage... Management (BLM) is a cooperating agency on this EIS. The Teckla-Osage-Rapid City Transmission 230 kV Project...

76 FR 53400 - Black Hills National Forest, SD; Thunder Basin National Grassland, WY; Teckla-Osage-Rapid City...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-26

... Grassland, WY; Teckla-Osage-Rapid City Transmission 230 kV Project AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION... operate a 230 kilovolt (kV) transmission line between the Teckla and Osage Substations in northeastern... cooperating agency on this EIS. The Teckla-Osage-Rapid City Transmission 230 kV Project would be approximately...

The Niagara Movement's Powerful Fruit-100 Years of Protest

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malveaux, Julianne

2005-01-01

The Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASAALH) was founded 90 years ago on Sept. 9, 1915. It's founder, Dr. Carter G. Woodson, author of the scathing masterpiece, The Miseducation of the Negro (1933), was also the thunder of Negro History Week (1926), the forerunner to contemporary Black History Month celebrations.…

Thunder Bay Regional Hospital: an amalgamation.

PubMed

Levac, G

1996-01-01

Two acute care hospitals in Thunder Bay recently amalgamated into a single hospital. Acute care delivery in the region promises to be more efficient and less expensive, and the process has resulted in a hospital better able to absorb the 18 percent provincial funding cut announced last fall. This is an important step in developing a truly efficient and effective continuum of care in Thunder Bay, and an example of successfully meeting the challenges of delivering quality service on a tighter budget.

Run 263 with Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal and dispersed molybdenum catalysts. Technical progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This report presents the results of Run 263 performed at the Advanced Coal Liquefaction R&D Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama. The run started on October 31, 1991 and continued until February 23, 1992. Tests were conducted by operating the reactors in the Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction mode and by processing Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal from Wyodak-Anderson seam in Wyoming Powder River Basin. Half volume reactors were used for the entire run. In the first part of Run 263, a dispersed molybdenum catalyst was evaluated for its performance without a supported catalyst in the second stage. Molyvan L and Molyvan 822more » (commercially available as friction reducing lubricants) were used as precursors for the dispersed molybdenum catalyst. The effect of the dispersed catalyst on eliminating the solids buildup was also evaluated. For the second part of the run, the hybrid catalyst system was tested with supported Criterion 324 1/1611 catalyst in the second stage at catalyst replacement rates of 2 and 3 lb/ton of MF coal. The molybdenum concentration was 100--200 ppm based on MF coal. Iron oxide was used as a slurry catalyst precursor at a rate of 1--2 wt % MF coal throughout the run with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) as the sulfiding agent. The close-coupled reactor unit was on-stream for 2482 hours for an on-stream factor of 91.2% and the ROSE-SR{sup sm} unit was on-feed for 2126 hours for an on-stream factor of 96.4% for the entire run.« less

Run 263 with Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal and dispersed molybdenum catalysts

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This report presents the results of Run 263 performed at the Advanced Coal Liquefaction R D Facility in Wilsonville, Alabama. The run started on October 31, 1991 and continued until February 23, 1992. Tests were conducted by operating the reactors in the Close-Coupled Integrated Two-Stage Liquefaction mode and by processing Black Thunder Mine subbituminous coal from Wyodak-Anderson seam in Wyoming Powder River Basin. Half volume reactors were used for the entire run. In the first part of Run 263, a dispersed molybdenum catalyst was evaluated for its performance without a supported catalyst in the second stage. Molyvan L and Molyvanmore » 822 (commercially available as friction reducing lubricants) were used as precursors for the dispersed molybdenum catalyst. The effect of the dispersed catalyst on eliminating the solids buildup was also evaluated. For the second part of the run, the hybrid catalyst system was tested with supported Criterion 324 1/1611 catalyst in the second stage at catalyst replacement rates of 2 and 3 lb/ton of MF coal. The molybdenum concentration was 100--200 ppm based on MF coal. Iron oxide was used as a slurry catalyst precursor at a rate of 1--2 wt % MF coal throughout the run with dimethyl disulfide (DMDS) as the sulfiding agent. The close-coupled reactor unit was on-stream for 2482 hours for an on-stream factor of 91.2% and the ROSE-SR[sup sm] unit was on-feed for 2126 hours for an on-stream factor of 96.4% for the entire run.« less

Energy and Power Spectra of Thunder in the Magdalena Mountains, Central New Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, R. L.; Johnson, J. B.; Arechiga, R. O.; Michnovicz, J. C.; Edens, H. E.; Rison, W.

2011-12-01

Thunder is generated primarily by heating and expansion of the atmosphere around a lightning channel and by charge relaxation within a cloud. Broadband acoustic studies are important for inferring dynamic charge behavior during and after lightning events. During the Summer monsoon seasons of 2009-2011, we deployed networks of 3-5 stations consisting of broadband (0.01 to 500 Hz) acoustic arrays and audio microphones in the Magdalena Mountains in central New Mexico. We utilize Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) data for accurate timing of lightning events within a 10 km radius of our network. Unlike the LMA, which detects VHF signals from breakdown processes, thunder signals may be used to observe charge dynamics and thermal shocking of the atmosphere. Previous investigations show that thunder spectral content may distinguish between electrostatic and thermal heating processes. We collected extensive datasets in terms of number of independent broadband sensors (up to 20), number of observed flashes (hundreds from multiple storms), and available coincident LMA data. We use infrasound and audio data to quantify total acoustic energy produced at lightning sources in various frequency bands. We attribute the spectral content and intensity of thunder signals to source characteristics, sensor locations, propagation effects, and noise. We observe variations in acoustic energy for both entire storm systems and individual lightning flashes. We propose that some variations may be related to the type of lightning flash and that spectral content is important for distinguishing between thunder generation mechanisms.

Thunder Energy Inc. applications to modify an existing sweet gas processing facility to a sour gas processing facility and increase the hydrogen sulfide concentration of existing pipelines, Kelsey area: Examiner report 98-2, application numbers 1007719 and 1013399

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

Thunder Energy Inc. received approval from the Alberta Energy and Utilities Board for modification of an existing gas plant to process sour gas, and also applied for permission to increase the hydrogen sulfide content of its existing pipelines in the Kelsey area. This report presents the views of Thunder Energy, the Board, and various intervenors at a hearing held to consider objections to the plant approval and matters related to the application. Issues considered include the need for sour gas processing, the need for the plant modification as opposed to the feasibility of using existing sour gas processing facilities, environmentalmore » impacts, and the requirements for notification of industry in the area. The report concludes with the Board`s decision.« less

Continuous bench-scale slurry catalyst testing direct coal liquefaction rawhide sub-bituminous coal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bauman, R.F.; Coless, L.A.; Davis, S.M.

In 1992, the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored research to demonstrate a dispersed catalyst system using a combination of molybdenum and iron precursors for direct coal liquefaction. This dispersed catalyst system was successfully demonstrated using Black Thunder sub-bituminous coal at Wilsonville, Alabama by Southern Electric International, Inc. The DOE sponsored research continues at Exxon Research and Development Laboratories (ERDL). A six month continuous bench-scale program using ERDL`s Recycle Coal Liquefaction Unit (RCLU) is planned, three months in 1994 and three months in 1995. The initial conditions in RCLU reflect experience gained from the Wilsonville facility in their Test Run 263.more » Rawhide sub-bituminous coal which is similar to the Black Thunder coal tested at Wilsonville was used as the feed coal. A slate of five dispersed catalysts for direct coal liquefaction of Rawhide sub-bituminous coal has been tested. Throughout the experiments, the molybdenum addition rate was held constant at 100 wppm while the iron oxide addition rate was varied from 0.25 to 1.0 weight percent (dry coal basis). This report covers the 1994 operations and accomplishments.« less

Continuous bench-scale slurry catalyst testing direct coal liquefaction of rawhide sub-bituminous coal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bauman, R.F.; Coless, L.A.; Davis, S.M.

In 1992, the Department of Energy (DOE) sponsored research to demonstrate a dispersed catalyst system using a combination of molybdenum and iron precursors for direct coal liquefaction. This dispersed catalyst system was successfully demonstrated using Black Thunder sub-bituminous coal at Wilsonville, Alabama by Southern Electric International, Inc. The DOE sponsored research continues at Exxon Research and Development Laboratories (ERDL). A six month continuous bench-scale program using ERDL`s Recycle Coal Liquefaction Unit (RCLU) is planned, three months in 1994 and three months in 1995. The initial conditions in RCLU reflect experience gained from the Wilsonville facility in their Test Run 263.more » Rawhide sub-bituminous coal which is similar to the Black Thunder coal tested at Wilsonville was used as the feed coal. A slate of five dispersed catalysts for direct coal liquefaction of Rawhide sub-bituminous coal has been tested. Throughout the experiments, the molybdenum addition rate was held constant at 100 wppm while the iron oxide addition rate was varied from 0.25 to 1.0 weight percent (dry coal basis). This report covers the 1994 operations and accomplishments.« less

An investigation of the role of water on retrograde/condensation reactions and enhanced liquefaction yields. Quarterly progress report, January 1, 1994--March 31, 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miknis, F.P.; Netzel, D.A.

The results of coal swelling measurements using 1,4-dioxane as the swelling reagent for premoisturized coals (raw) and coal dried thermally, chemically, and with microwave radiation are presented. An increase in the swelling ratio relative to raw coal indicates a decrease in the amount of cross-linking in the coal. Conversely, a decrease in the ratio indicates an increase in cross-linking. The extent of cross-linking (as measured by 1,4-dioxane) for Texas, Black Thunder, and Eagle Butte Coals are about the same. Illinois {number_sign}6 coal appears to have less cross-linking relative to the other three coals. These results are expected on the basismore » of coal rank. The increase in cross linking is most pronounced for coals dried thermally and with microwave radiation. A decrease in the swelling ratios for all four coals suggests that cross-linking had occurred possibly due to partial devolatilization process. However, low temperature, chemical dehydration of the coals causes only a small or no change in the internal structure for Texas and Illinois {number_sign}6 coals whereas a significant decrease in the cross-linking structure for the Black Thunder and Eagle Butte coals is observed. It is possible that the solvent (CH{sub 3}OH) and products resulting from the chemical dehydrating (acetone and methanol) occupy the surface sites that water had before the reaction and thus preventing cross-linking to occur. These reagents can also promote swelling of coals and may account for some of the decrease in the cross-linking of the coal structure observed for the chemically dried coals.« less

USA's Black Thunder mine: a truck and shovel operation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dorling, I.

During 1966/1967, ARCO obtained over 2,631 hectares (6,500 acres) of federal and state coal leases, and initial exploration was started. A total of 312 coal core holes were drilled and logged to determine the reserves and quality of the coal. The results indicated that a large surface mine could be developed to exploit the substantial reserves. The application procedure for permits was started early in 1974. Thunder Basin Coal Company is mining the Wyodak-Anderson Seam where the coal is about 21 meters (69 feet) thick. It has been estimated that a total of 750,000,000 tons of coal exist with amore » 0.3 to 0.4 percent sulfur content and a heating value of about 8,600 Btu per pound. The seam is mined in one lift using electric shovels and trucks. There are many factors which govern the choice of either a dragline or a truck and shovel operation for removing overburden. At the Black Thunder mine the conditions which favored the choice of the truck and shovel method were topography and pit geometry. The run-of-mine coal is dumped into two 540-ton hoppers. Underground vibrating grizzly feeders (2,500 tph capacity) pass the coal into 2,500 tph primary single-roll crushers, where the ROM coal is reduced to minus 8 inches. A 72-inch-wide elevating conveyor carries the coal to a 110-ton surge hopper, and is then fed into two secondary crushers where the coal is further reduced to minus-2 inches. The system is able to handle 5,000 tons of ROM coal per hour. The total production of coal from the mine in 1978 is expected to be about 3,000,000 tons, depending on customer requirements. It is expected that in 1979 the output will rise to 8,000,000 tons, and by 1983 the full planned production of 20,000,000 tons a year will be reached. (LTN)« less

Black Thunder Coal Mine and Los Alamos National Laboratory experimental study of seismic energy generated by large scale mine blasting

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, R.L.; Gross, D.; Pearson, D.C.

In an attempt to better understand the impact that large mining shots will have on verifying compliance with the international, worldwide, Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty (CTBT, no nuclear explosion tests), a series of seismic and videographic experiments has been conducted during the past two years at the Black Thunder Coal Mine. Personnel from the mine and Los Alamos National Laboratory have cooperated closely to design and perform experiments to produce results with mutual benefit to both organizations. This paper summarizes the activities, highlighting the unique results of each. Topics which were covered in these experiments include: (1) synthesis of seismic,more » videographic, acoustic, and computer modeling data to improve understanding of shot performance and phenomenology; (2) development of computer generated visualizations of observed blasting techniques; (3) documentation of azimuthal variations in radiation of seismic energy from overburden casting shots; (4) identification of, as yet unexplained, out of sequence, simultaneous detonation in some shots using seismic and videographic techniques; (5) comparison of local (0.1 to 15 kilometer range) and regional (100 to 2,000 kilometer range) seismic measurements leading to determine of the relationship between local and regional seismic amplitude to explosive yield for overburden cast, coal bulking and single fired explosions; and (6) determination of the types of mining shots triggering the prototype International Monitoring System for the CTBT.« less

DIRECT LIQUEFACTION PROOF OF CONCEPT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

The eighth bench scale test of POC program, Run PB-08, was successfully completed from August 8 to August 26, 1997. A total of five operating conditions were tested aiming at evaluating the reactivity of different pyrolysis oils in liquefaction of a Wyoming sub-bituminous coal (Black Thunder coal). For the first time, water soluble promoters were incorporated into the iron-based GelCat to improve the dispersion of the promoter metals in the feed blend. The concentration of the active metals, Mo and Fe, was 100 and 1000 ppm of moisture-free coal, respectively. Black Thunder coal used in this run was the samemore » batch as tested in HTI�s Run POC-02. Similar to Runs PB-01 through 7, this run employed two back mixed slurry reactors, an interstage gas/slurry separator and a direct-coupled hydrotreater. In addition to the hot vapor from the second stage separator, the first stage separator overhead liquid was also fed to the hydrotreater, which was packed with Criterion C-411 hydrotreating catalyst. Pyrolysis oil was produced off-line from a pyrolysis unit acquired from University of Wyoming. Solids rejection was achieved by purging out pressure filter solid. The recycle solvents consisted of O-6 separator bottoms and pressure filter liquid (PFL). The Run PB-08 proceeded very smoothly without any interruptions. Coal conversion consistently above 90W% was achieved. High resid conversion and distillate yield have been obtained from co-processing of coal and 343°C+ (650°F+) pyrolysis oil. Light gas (C 1-C 3 ) yield was minimized and hydrogen consumption was reduced due to the introduction of pyrolysis oil, compared with conventional coal-derived solvent. Catalytic activity was improved by incorporating a promoter metal into the iron-based GelCat. It seemed that lowering the first stage temperature to 435°C might increase the hydrogenation function of the promoter metal. In comparison with previous coal-waste coprocessing run (PB-06), significant improvements in the process performance were achieved due to catalyst modification and integration of pyrolysis technique into liquefaction.« less

33 CFR 147.843 - Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.843 Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone. (a) Description. Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible, Mississippi Canyon 778 (MC 778...

33 CFR 147.843 - Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.843 Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone. (a) Description. Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible, Mississippi Canyon 778 (MC 778...

33 CFR 147.843 - Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.843 Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone. (a) Description. Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible, Mississippi Canyon 778 (MC 778...

33 CFR 147.843 - Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.843 Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone. (a) Description. Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible, Mississippi Canyon 778 (MC 778...

33 CFR 147.843 - Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible... SECURITY (CONTINUED) OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF ACTIVITIES SAFETY ZONES § 147.843 Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible safety zone. (a) Description. Thunder Horse Semi-Submersible, Mississippi Canyon 778 (MC 778...

76 FR 4100 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-24

..., Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC, Goshen Phase II LLC, Cedar Creek II, LLC. Description: Supplemental Information of Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Filed Date: 01/12/2011. Accession Number: 20110112-5154...: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Description: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC submits tariff...

Imaging thunder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, J. B.; Arechiga, R. O.; Thomas, R. J.; Edens, H. E.; Anderson, J.; Johnson, R. L.

2011-12-01

We use a network of broadband microphones, including a 4-element array, to locate the sources of thunder occurring during an electrical storm in central New Mexico on July 24th, 2009. Combined slowness search and distance ranging are used to identify thunder regions in three dimensions (out to 12 km) and for two overlapping frequency bands (1-10 and 4-40 Hz). Distinct thunder pulses are locatable and used to predict time-of-arrival to neighboring stations and to identify correlated phases across the network. Spatial correlation is also found between the thunder source regions and regions of VHF radiation as located by the New Mexico Lightning Mapping Array (LMA). Some of the misfit between the LMA and thunder locations is attributable to differences in excitation mechanisms of the respective radiation, which is related to current impulses in lightning channels (for thunder) and incremental ionization of the atmosphere (for VHF emissions).

Imaging thunder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, J. B.; Arechiga, R. O.; Thomas, R. J.; Edens, H. E.; Anderson, J.; Johnson, R.

2011-10-01

We use a network of broadband microphones, including a 4-element array, to locate the sources of thunder occurring during an electrical storm in central New Mexico on July 24th, 2009. Combined slowness search and distance ranging are used to identify thunder regions in three dimensions (out to 12 km) and for two overlapping frequency bands (1-10 and 4-40 Hz). Distinct thunder pulses are locatable and used to predict time-of-arrival to neighboring stations and to identify correlated phases across the network. Spatial correlation is also found between the thunder source regions and regions of very high frequency (VHF) radiation as located by the New Mexico Lightning Mapping Array (LMA). Some of the misfit between the LMA and thunder locations is attributable to differences in excitation mechanisms of the respective radiation, which is related to current impulses in lightning channels (for thunder) and incremental ionization of the atmosphere (for VHF emissions).

75 FR 51377 - Safety Zone; Thunder on Niagara, Niagara River, North Tonawanda, NY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-20

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Thunder on Niagara, Niagara River, North Tonawanda, NY AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... Niagara River during the Thunder on Niagara powerboat races. This safety zone is necessary to protect... ensure the safety of spectators and vessels during the Thunder on Niagara powerboat races. This rule is...

78 FR 65609 - Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland; Wyoming; Thunder Basin...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-01

... National Grassland; Wyoming; Thunder Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment Environmental Impact... alternatives will be analyzed in the Thunder Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment EIS. The EIS will... Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment. The Open House/ Presentation meetings will be held on...

78 FR 71543 - Special Local Regulation; Tavares Winter Thunder Vintage Race Boat Regatta, Lake Dora; Tavares, FL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-29

... 1625-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Tavares Winter Thunder Vintage Race Boat Regatta, Lake Dora... Tavares Winter Thunder Vintage Race Regatta, a series of high-speed boat races. The event is scheduled for... navigable waters of the United States during the Tavares Winter Thunder Vintage Race Boat Regatta. C...

78 FR 49921 - Safety Zone; Thunder on the Niagara, Niagara River, North Tonawanda, NY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-16

... 1625-AA00 Safety Zone; Thunder on the Niagara, Niagara River, North Tonawanda, NY AGENCY: Coast Guard... portion of the Niagara River during the Thunder on the Niagara hydroplane race. This temporary safety zone... to ensure the safety of spectators and vessels during the Thunder on the Niagara hydroplane race...

77 FR 6114 - Notice to All Interested Parties of the Termination of the Receivership of Thunder Bank (Fund...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-07

... Receivership of Thunder Bank (Fund 10269) Sylvan Grove, KS Notice is hereby given that the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (``FDIC'') as Receiver for Thunder Bank, (``the Receiver'') intends to terminate its receivership for said institution. The FDIC was appointed receiver of Thunder Bank on July 23, 2010. The...

76 FR 51885 - Safety Zone; Thunder on Niagara, Niagara River, North Tonawanda, NY

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-19

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Thunder on Niagara, Niagara River, North Tonawanda, NY AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... the Niagara River during the Thunder on Niagara powerboat races. This temporary safety zone is.... Background and Purpose On August 20th and 21st of 2011, the Thunder on Niagara powerboat races will be held...

Low severity coal liquefaction promoted by cyclic olefins. Quarterly report, January--March 1994

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Curtis, C.W.

Previous research has suggested that using a more effective hydrogen donor solvent in the low severity coal liquefaction reaction improves coal conversion. In order to understand the results of these methods, both independently and combined, a factorial experiment was designed. Pretreating coal with hydrochloric and sulfurous acid solutions in both water and methanol is compared with pretreating coal using only methanol and with no pretreatment. The effects of these pretreatments on coal liquefaction behavior are contrasted with the ammonium acetate pretreatment. Within each of these, individual reactions are performed with the hydroaromatic 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene (tetralin, TET) and the cyclic olefin 1,4,5,8-tetrahydronaphthalenemore » (isotetralin, ISO). The final aspect of the factorial experiment is the comparison of Wyodak subbituminous coal (WY) from the Argonne Premium Sample Bank and Black Thunder subbituminous coal (BT) provided by Amoco. Half of the reactions in the matrix have now been completed. In all but one case, Black Thunder-HCl/H{sub 2}O, the ISO proved to be more reactive than TET. After the other four reactions using this combination are complete, the average conversion may be greater with the cyclic olefin. The second part of this paper describes the current and future work with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The objective of this work is to determine the kinetics of reaction of isotetralin at high temperatures and pressures. This quarter combinations of three products typically produced from isotetralin were used in spectral subtraction.« less

15 CFR Appendix A to Subpart R of... - Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Coordinates

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. A Appendix A to Subpart R of Part 922—Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater...

15 CFR Appendix A to Subpart R of... - Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Coordinates

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. A Appendix A to Subpart R of Part 922—Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater...

15 CFR Appendix A to Subpart R of... - Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Coordinates

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. A Appendix A to Subpart R of Part 922—Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater...

76 FR 54375 - Safety Zone; Thunder on the Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, Orange Beach, AL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-01

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Thunder on the Gulf, Gulf of Mexico, Orange Beach, AL AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... protection of crews, vessels, persons, and spectators on navigable waters during the Thunder on the Gulf high... to hold their Thunder on the Gulf high speed boat races starting on October 6, 2011. Publishing a...

15 CFR Appendix A to Subpart R of... - Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Coordinates

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. A Appendix A to Subpart R of Part 922—Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater...

15 CFR Appendix A to Subpart R of... - Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Coordinates

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. A Appendix A to Subpart R of Part 922—Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater...

Development of lightweight THUNDER with fiber composite layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoon, Kwang J.; Shin, Sukjoon; Kim, Jusik; Park, Hoon C.; Kwak, Moon K.

2000-06-01

This paper is concerned with design, manufacturing and performance test of lightweight THUNDER using a top fiber composite layer with near-zero CTE, a PZT ceramic wafer and a bottom glass/epoxy layer with high CTE. The main point of this design is to replace the heavy metal layers of THUNDER by the lightweight fiber reinforced plastic layers without losing capabilities to generate high force and displacement. It is possible to save weight up to about 30 percent if we replace the metallic backing materials by the light fiber composite layer. We can also have design flexibility by selecting the fiber direction and the size of prepreg layers. In addition to the lightweight advantage and design flexibility, the proposed device can be manufactured without adhesive layers when we use epoxy resin prepreg system. Glass/epoxy prepregs, a ceramic wafer with electrode surfaces, and a graphite/epoxy prepreg were simply stacked and cured at an elevated temperature by following autoclave bagging process. It was found that the manufactured composite laminate device had a sufficient curvature after detaching form a flat mold. From experimental actuation tests, it was observed that the developed actuator could generate larger actuation displacement than THUNDER.

75 FR 54771 - Safety Zone; Thunder on the Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Buckroe Beach Park, Hampton, VA

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-09

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Thunder on the Bay, Chesapeake Bay, Buckroe Beach Park, Hampton, VA AGENCY: Coast... safety zone on the navigable waters of Chesapeake Bay in Hampton, VA in support of the Thunder on the Bay.... 0 2. Add Sec. 165.T05-0755 to read as follows: Sec. 165.T05-0755 Safety Zone; Thunder on the Bay...

76 FR 12952 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-09

.... Applicants: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Description: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC submits tariff filing per 35.17(b): MBR Tariff Filing of Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC to be effective 3...

Relationships between thunderstorms and cloud-to-ground lightning in the United States

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Changnon, S.A.

Climatic assessments of cloud-to-ground (CG) flashes, and of the relationship between CG flashes and thunder events, as reported at 62 first-order stations in the contiguous US, are performed on the basis of data from networks of lightning sensors operated during 1986-1989. The adequacy of thunder-event data for describing thunderstorm occurrences at a point is determined. The average and extreme frequencies of CG lightning is delineated. Thunder events are found to provide poor estimates of CG lightning incidences and durations. CG flash data reveal that 20 percent (far west) and 50 percent (southeast US) of all thunder events are missed atmore » weather stations; 30-60 percent of all thunder events have durations too short; and 10 per cent (North and West), 40 percent (mountains), and 25 percent (southeast) of all CG flashes within 20 km of weather stations are not reported as thunderstorms. The use of historical thunder data, as a surrogate for lightning activity, is improper, and thunder values need to be adjusted with the relationships presented. 33 refs.« less

15 CFR 922.190 - Boundary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922.190 Boundary. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve (Sanctuary) consists... submerged lands thereunder, over, around, and under the underwater cultural resources in Thunder Bay. The...

15 CFR 922.190 - Boundary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922.190 Boundary. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve (Sanctuary) consists... submerged lands thereunder, over, around, and under the underwater cultural resources in Thunder Bay. The...

15 CFR 922.190 - Boundary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922.190 Boundary. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve (Sanctuary) consists... submerged lands thereunder, over, around, and under the underwater cultural resources in Thunder Bay. The...

15 CFR 922.190 - Boundary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922.190 Boundary. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve (Sanctuary) consists... submerged lands thereunder, over, around, and under the underwater cultural resources in Thunder Bay. The...

15 CFR 922.190 - Boundary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922.190 Boundary. The Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve (Sanctuary) consists... submerged lands thereunder, over, around, and under the underwater cultural resources in Thunder Bay. The...

Energy and environmental research emphasizing low-rank coal: Task 3.7, Fuel utilization properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zygarlicke, C.J.

Gasification-type entrained ash and deposits were produced in a pressurized test furnace at high temperature. For the subbituminous Black Thunder coal, the effect of fuel-rich conditions was an increase in quartz, calcite, dolomite, and calcium-rich phases in the entrained ash. Lower particle temperatures, as compared to full air conventional combustion, and the oxygen-lean atmosphere may have caused a reduction in the interaction and assimilation of pure quartz and organically bound calcium into calcium aluminosilicate phases. For the Illinois No. 6 entrained fly ash fuel-rich conditions prevented the oxidation of pyrite and pyrrhotite to iron oxide. Lower temperatures within and surroundingmore » char particles during reducing conditions combustion may have prevented the decomposition of pyrrhotite and enhanced the reaction of iron with aluminosilicate phases. The deposits show similar trends, with the Illinois No. 6 deposit grown under pressurized conditions at a lower temperature having Na and (Ca, Mg, Fe, Na, K) aluminosilicates, calcium carbonate, and an iron sulfide, probably pyrrohotite, present. At higher temperature, loss of sulfur occurs with the increased formation of iron aluminosilicate phases. The Illinois No. 6 and Black Thunder coals were tested with kaolin and lime additives under highly reducing conditions to simulate a gasification environment. The deposit collection zone temperature was varied from 750{degree}C to 1OOO{degree}C. Although no clear trends were evident for the interaction of kaolin or lime with the deposits, the deposits did become more porous, with greatly reduced strength shown for both additives.« less

15 CFR 922.192 - Joint Management Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater... established to oversee and engage in decision-making authority for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... sources of revenue for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve, in accordance...

15 CFR 922.192 - Joint Management Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater... established to oversee and engage in decision-making authority for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... sources of revenue for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve, in accordance...

15 CFR 922.192 - Joint Management Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater... established to oversee and engage in decision-making authority for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... sources of revenue for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve, in accordance...

15 CFR 922.192 - Joint Management Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater... established to oversee and engage in decision-making authority for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... sources of revenue for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve, in accordance...

15 CFR 922.192 - Joint Management Committee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater... established to oversee and engage in decision-making authority for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... sources of revenue for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve, in accordance...

78 FR 56650 - Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland; Wyoming; Thunder Basin...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-13

... National Grassland; Wyoming; Thunder Basin National Grassland Prairie Dog Amendment AGENCY: Forest Service... 2009 Prairie Dog Management Strategy. The amendment is being proposed to address continuing concerns regarding prairie dog management, raised by the [[Page 56651

Reconstruction of lightning channel geometry by localizing thunder sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bodhika, J. A. P.; Dharmarathna, W. G. D.; Fernando, Mahendra; Cooray, Vernon

2013-09-01

Thunder is generated as a result of a shock wave created by sudden expansion of air in the lightning channel due to high temperature variations. Even though the highest amplitudes of thunder signatures are generated at the return stroke stage, thunder signals generated at other events such as preliminary breakdown pulses also can be of amplitudes which are large enough to record using a sensitive system. In this study, it was attempted to reconstruct the lightning channel geometry of cloud and ground flashes by locating the temporal and spatial variations of thunder sources. Six lightning flashes were reconstructed using the recorded thunder signatures. Possible effects due to atmospheric conditions were neglected. Numerical calculations suggest that the time resolution of the recorded signal and 10 ms-1error in speed of sound leads to 2% and 3% errors, respectively, in the calculated coordinates. Reconstructed channel geometries for cloud and ground flashes agreed with the visual observations. Results suggest that the lightning channel can be successfully reconstructed using this technique.

Audible thunder characteristic and the relation between peak frequency and lightning parameters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuhua, Ouyang; Ping, Yuan

2012-02-01

In recent summers, some natural lightning optical spectra and audible thunder signals were observed. Twelve events on 15 August 2008 are selected as samples since some synchronizing information about them are obtained, such as lightning optical spectra, surface E-field changes, etc. By using digital filter and Fourier transform, thunder frequency spectra in observation location have been calculated. Then the two main propagation effects, finite amplitude propagation and attenuation by air, are calculated. Upon that we take the test thunder frequency spectra and work backward to recalculate the original frequency spectra near generation location. Thunder frequency spectra and the frequency distribution varying with distance are researched. According to the theories on plasma, the channel temperature and electron density are further calculated by transition parameters of lines in lightning optical spectra. Pressure and the average ionization degree of each discharge channel are obtained by using Saha equations, charge conservation equations and particle conservation equations. Moreover, the relationship between the peak frequency of each thunder and channel parameters of the lightning is studied.

33 CFR 117.655 - Thunder Bay River.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Thunder Bay River. 117.655 Section 117.655 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Michigan § 117.655 Thunder Bay River. The draw of the...

33 CFR 117.655 - Thunder Bay River.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Thunder Bay River. 117.655 Section 117.655 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Michigan § 117.655 Thunder Bay River. The draw of the...

33 CFR 117.655 - Thunder Bay River.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Thunder Bay River. 117.655 Section 117.655 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Michigan § 117.655 Thunder Bay River. The draw of the...

33 CFR 117.655 - Thunder Bay River.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Thunder Bay River. 117.655 Section 117.655 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES DRAWBRIDGE OPERATION REGULATIONS Specific Requirements Michigan § 117.655 Thunder Bay River. The draw of the...

33 CFR 100.1307 - Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. 100.1307 Section 100.1307 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... § 100.1307 Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. (a) Regulated Areas...

76 FR 361 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-04

... Time on Wednesday, January 12, 2011. Docket Numbers: ER11-2501-000. Applicants: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Description: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC submits tariff filing Per35.13(a)(2)(iii): MBR Tariff Filing of Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC to be effective 11/21/2011. Filed Date: 12...

33 CFR 100.1307 - Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. 100.1307 Section 100.1307 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... § 100.1307 Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. (a) Regulated Areas...

33 CFR 100.1307 - Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. 100.1307 Section 100.1307 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... § 100.1307 Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. (a) Regulated Areas...

33 CFR 100.1307 - Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. 100.1307 Section 100.1307 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... § 100.1307 Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. (a) Regulated Areas...

75 FR 57749 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-22

... Time on Monday, October 4, 2010. Docket Numbers: ER10-2598-000. Applicants: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Description: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC submits tariff filing per 35.12: Baseline MBR Tariff Filing of Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC to be effective 9/13/2010. Filed Date: 09...

33 CFR 100.1307 - Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. 100.1307 Section 100.1307 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST... § 100.1307 Special Local Regulations, Strait Thunder Performance, Port Angeles, WA. (a) Regulated Areas...

78 FR 79004 - Notice of Availability of the Wyoming Greater Sage-Grouse Draft Land Use Plan Amendments and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-27

..., and Thunder Basin National Grassland Planning Units and by this notice is announcing the opening of... the Thunder Basin National Grassland. Current management decisions for resources are described in the... Forest LRMP (1990) Medicine Bow National Forest LRMP (2003) Thunder Basin National Grassland LRMP (2002...

Lightning Strikes and Thunder Claps: The Strategic Bomber and Air Superiority

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-12-01

Views November–December 2012 Air & Space Power Journal | 137 Lightning Strikes and Thunder Claps The Strategic Bomber and Air Superiority Maj Wade S...2012 to 00-00-2012 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Lightning Strikes and Thunder Claps: The Strategic Bomber and Air Superiority 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b

Earth Observations taken by the Expedition 18 Crew

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-12-06

ISS018-E-011174 (6 Dec. 2008) --- The City of Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada is featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 18 crewmember on the International Space Station. Located on the shores of Lake Superior, the metropolitan area of Thunder Bay is one of the largest in the Province of Ontario. It is also the major port providing access to the Great Lakes for central Canada?s grain products. The City of Thunder Bay is relatively new ? it was incorporated in 1970 by combining the cities of Fort William (depicted in this astronaut photograph) and Port Arthur with the townships of Neebing and McIntyre. While the growth and merging of separate municipalities into a larger contiguous metropolitan area is common (a process called agglomeration by urban geographers), it is less common for distinct cities to also merge into a new political entity. This detailed view is centered on the southern portion of Thunder Bay, comprised of the older city of Fort William. Winter snows outline the street grid of the city, while park areas interspersed throughout the street grid appear as roughly rectangular areas of unbroken white snow. Built materials appear light gray, while vegetated areas and rock outcrop near Mount McKay are dark green to dark gray. The Kam River to the south of Fort William is ice-covered, and has a homogeneous covering of snow that traces the river channel.

Coal liquefaction process streams characterization and evaluation: Analysis of Black Thunder coal and liquefaction products from HRI Bench Unit Run CC-15

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pugmire, R.J.; Solum, M.S.

This study was designed to apply {sup 13}C-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry to the analysis of direct coal liquefaction process-stream materials. {sup 13}C-NMR was shown to have a high potential for application to direct coal liquefaction-derived samples in Phase II of this program. In this Phase III project, {sup 13}C-NMR was applied to a set of samples derived from the HRI Inc. bench-scale liquefaction Run CC-15. The samples include the feed coal, net products and intermediate streams from three operating periods of the run. High-resolution {sup 13}C-NMR data were obtained for the liquid samples and solid-state CP/MAS {sup 13}C-NMR datamore » were obtained for the coal and filter-cake samples. The {sup 1}C-NMR technique is used to derive a set of twelve carbon structural parameters for each sample (CONSOL Table A). Average molecular structural descriptors can then be derived from these parameters (CONSOL Table B).« less

77 FR 58864 - Public Land Order No. 7800; Extension of Public Land Order No. 6947; Oregon

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... is necessary to continue protection of the recreational rockhounding area of the Thunder Egg Lake... continue protection of the Thunder Egg Lake Agate Beds in the Freemont National Forest. The withdrawal... leasing laws, to protect the Thunder Egg Lake Agate Beds, is hereby extended for an additional 20-year...

Analysis and discussion on anti-thunder scheme of wind power generation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Shuguang

2017-01-01

Anti-thunder scheme of wind power generation system is discussed in this paper. Through the research and analysis on the harm of the thunder, division of lightning protection zone and lightning protection measures are put forward, which has a certain practical significance on the design and application of wind power generation system.

33 CFR 151.66 - Operating requirements: Discharge of garbage in the Great Lakes and other navigable waters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...; Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary means the site on or near Lake Huron designated by the National..., and potable water intakes; prohibited in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Iron ore Prohibited within 6 miles from shore and in Saginaw Bay; prohibited in the Thunder Bay National Marine...

33 CFR 151.66 - Operating requirements: Discharge of garbage in the Great Lakes and other navigable waters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary means the site on or near Lake Huron designated by the National..., and potable water intakes; prohibited in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Iron ore Prohibited within 6 miles from shore and in Saginaw Bay; prohibited in the Thunder Bay National Marine...

Spatial and temporal variations of thunderstorm activities over Sri Lanka

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sonnadara, Upul

2016-05-01

Spatial and temporal variation of frequencies of thunderstorms over Sri Lanka using thunder day data is presented. A thunder day is simply a calendar day in which thunder is heard at least once at a given location. Two sets of data were collected and analyzed: annual totals for 10 climatological stations for a period of 50 years and monthly totals for 20 climatological stations for a period of 20 years. The average annual thunder days over Sri Lanka was found to be 76. Among the climatological stations considered, a high number of annual thunder days was recorded in Ratnapura (150 days/year), followed by Colombo (108 days/year) and Bandarawela (106 days/year). It appears that there are no widespread long-term increasing or decreasing trends in thunderstorm frequencies. However, Colombo, the capital of Sri Lanka which has over two million people shows an increasing trend of 0.8 thunder days per year. Although there is a high variability between stations reporting the number of thunder days, the overall pattern within a year is clear. Thunderstorm frequencies are high during two periods: March-May and September-November, which coincide with the first inter-monsoon and second inter-monsoon periods. Compared to the dry zone, the wet zone, especially the southwestern region, has high thunderstorm activity. There is a clear spatial difference in thunderstorm activities during the southwest and northeast monsoon seasons. During both these seasons, enhanced thunderstorm activities are reported on the leeward side of the mountain range. A slight reduction in the thunderstorm activities was found in the high elevation areas of the hill country compared to the surrounding areas. A lightning ground flash density map derived using annual thunder days is also presented.

Testing of advanced liquefaction concepts in HTI Run ALC-1: Coal cleaning and recycle solvent treatment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robbins, G.A.; Winschel, R.A.; Burke, F.P.

In 1991, the Department of Energy initiated the Advanced Liquefaction Concepts Program to promote the development of new and emerging technology that has potential to reduce the cost of producing liquid fuels by direct coal liquefaction. Laboratory research performed by researchers at CAER, CONSOL, Sandia, and LDP Associates in Phase I is being developed further and tested at the bench scale at HTI. HTI Run ALC-1, conducted in the spring of 1996, was the first of four planned tests. In Run ALC-1, feed coal ash reduction (coal cleaning) by oil agglomeration, and recycle solvent quality improvement through dewaxing and hydrotreatmentmore » of the recycle distillate were evaluated. HTI`s bench liquefaction Run ALC-1 consisted of 25 days of operation. Major accomplishments were: 1) oil agglomeration reduced the ash content of Black Thunder Mine coal by 40%, from 5.5% to 3.3%; 2) excellent coal conversion of 98% was obtained with oil agglomerated coal, about 3% higher than the raw Black Thunder Mine coal, increasing the potential product yield by 2-3% on an MAF coal basis; 3) agglomerates were liquefied with no handling problems; 4) fresh catalyst make-up rate was decreased by 30%, with no apparent detrimental operating characteristics, both when agglomerates were fed and when raw coal was fed (with solvent dewaxing and hydrotreating); 5) recycle solvent treatment by dewaxing and hydrotreating was demonstrated, but steady-state operation was not achieved; and 6) there was some success in achieving extinction recycle of the heaviest liquid products. Performance data have not been finalized; they will be available for full evaluation in the new future.« less

77 FR 14959 - Special Local Regulation for Marine Event; Temporary Change of Dates for Recurring Marine Events...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-14

... to do so. The third event is the annual ``Thunder on the Narrows,'' sponsored by the Kent Narrows... effective annually for the Thunder on the Narrows marine event. The event consists of two days of power boat... establishes the enforcement date for the Thunder on the Narrows. This regulation proposes to temporarily...

33 CFR 151.66 - Operating requirements: Discharge of garbage in the Great Lakes and other navigable waters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of Superior Shoal, at 48°03.2′ N 087°06.3′ W. Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary means the site on... stone Prohibited within 3 miles from shore; prohibited in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Iron ore Prohibited within 6 miles from shore and in Saginaw Bay; prohibited in the Thunder Bay...

"Assisting Our Own": Urban Migration, Self-Governance, and Native Women's Organizing in Thunder Bay, Ontario, 1972-1989

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Janovicek, Nancy

2003-01-01

This article discusses how Native women in Thunder Bay, Ontario, organized services and programs to help women adapt to urban life in the 1970s and 1980s. It investigates the founding of Beendigen, an emergency hostel for Native women and their children. In 1978, Thunder Bay Anishinabequek, a chapter of the Ontario Native Women's Association…

Mapping thunder sources by inverting acoustic and electromagnetic observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, J. F.; Johnson, J. B.; Arechiga, R. O.; Thomas, R. J.

2014-12-01

We present a new method of locating current flow in lightning strikes by inversion of thunder recordings constrained by Lightning Mapping Array observations. First, radio frequency (RF) pulses are connected to reconstruct conductive channels created by leaders. Then, acoustic signals that would be produced by current flow through each channel are forward modeled. The recorded thunder is considered to consist of a weighted superposition of these acoustic signals. We calculate the posterior distribution of acoustic source energy for each channel with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo inversion that fits power envelopes of modeled and recorded thunder; these results show which parts of the flash carry current and produce thunder. We examine the effects of RF pulse location imprecision and atmospheric winds on quality of results and apply this method to several lightning flashes over the Magdalena Mountains in New Mexico, USA. This method will enable more detailed study of lightning phenomena by allowing researchers to map current flow in addition to leader propagation.

33 CFR 151.66 - Operating requirements: Discharge of garbage in the Great Lakes and other navigable waters of the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from the center of Superior Shoal, at 48°03.2′ N 87°06.3′ W; Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary... Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary. Iron ore Prohibited within 6 miles from shore and in Saginaw Bay; prohibited in the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary; prohibited for vessels up bound along the Michigan...

The Tapered Hybrid Undulator (THUNDER) of the visible free-electron laser oscillator experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robinson, K.E.; Quimby, D.C.; Slater, J.M.

A 5 m tapered hybrid undulator (THUNDER) has been designed and built as part of the Boeing Aerospace Company and Spectra Technology, Inc. visible free-electron laser (FEL) oscillator experiment. The performance goals required of an undulator for a visible oscillator with large extraction are ambitious. They require the establishment of stringent magnetic field quality tolerances which impact design and fabrication techniques. The performance goals of THUNDER are presented. The tolerances resulting from the FEL interaction are contrasted and compared to those of a synchrotron radiation source. The design, fabrication, and field measurements are discussed. The performance of THUNDER serves asmore » a benchmark for future wiggler/undulator design for advanced FEL's and synchrotron radiation sources.« less

Thunder God Vine

MedlinePlus

... a dietary supplement for autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, multiple sclerosis, and lupus. It is also used topically for rheumatoid arthritis. Extracts are prepared from the roots of thunder ...

[Observation on clinical therapeutic effect of improved thunder-fire miraculous needle on vertigo].

PubMed

Zhang, Gong-an; Luo, Jian; Huang, Liu-he

2008-04-01

To Compare clinical therapeutic effect of improved thunder-fire miraculous needle and moxibustion on vertigo. One hundred and seventeen cases conformed with the TCM criteria of vertigo were randomly divided into an observation group (n=66) and a control group (n=51). The observation group were treated with improved thunder-fire miraculous needle and the control group with pressing and moxibustion at Baihui (GV 20). After treatment of one therapeutic course, the therapeutic effect was assessed by vertigo symptom rating scores. The total effective rate was 86.4% in the observation group and 66.7% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). The improved thunder-fire miraculous needle can significantly relieve and eliminate symptoms of vertigo, with no adverse effect.

15 CFR 922.191 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922... authorization issued by the State of Michigan for the conduct of activities or projects within the Thunder Bay...

15 CFR 922.191 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922... authorization issued by the State of Michigan for the conduct of activities or projects within the Thunder Bay...

15 CFR 922.191 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922... authorization issued by the State of Michigan for the conduct of activities or projects within the Thunder Bay...

15 CFR 922.191 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922... authorization issued by the State of Michigan for the conduct of activities or projects within the Thunder Bay...

15 CFR 922.191 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922... authorization issued by the State of Michigan for the conduct of activities or projects within the Thunder Bay...

Stealing Zeus’s Thunder: Physical Space-Control Advantages Against Hostile Satellites

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

UNCLASSIFIED Defense Technical Information Center Compilation Part Notice ADP023956 TITLE: Stealing Zeus’s Thunder: Physical Space-Control Advantages ...e .d co ne t to a pj@naxwel af. ni Stealing eus’s Thunder Physical Space-Control Advantages against Hostile Satellites CAPT JOSEPH T. PAGE 11, USAF...and ICBM combat crew comander (Squadron Command Post) at he 741st Mi6sse Squadon, 91st Spae Wing, Minor AFB, North akota. 26 its advantage via active

Thunder and Lightning: Desert Storm and the Airpower Debates, Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-04-01

Thunder and Lightning Desert Storm and the Airpower Debates Edward C. Mann III, Colonel, USAF Volume two of a two-volume series Air University Press...provision of law, no person shall be subject to a penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently...valid OMB control number. 1. REPORT DATE APR 1995 2. REPORT TYPE N/ A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Thunder and Lightning: Desert

77 FR 41177 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... Energy, Inc., Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Description: Updated market power analysis for Central region of BP Energy Company, Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC, and Whiting Clean Energy, Inc...

Non-Drug Pain Relief: Imagery

MedlinePlus

... the pain as a thunderstorm with lightning and thunder that rains on your body. Imagine how the ... rain and thunderclouds away. Instead of rain and thunder, you have sunshine and warmth. The air smells ...

15 CFR 922.194 - Certification of preexisting leases, licenses, permits, approvals, other authorizations, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater..., Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; ATTN: Sanctuary Manager, Thunder Bay National Marine...

75 FR 3459 - Combined Notice of Filings # 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-21

.... Docket Numbers: ER10-276-001. Applicants: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC. Description: Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC supplements its 11/17/09 application for a proposed market-based rate...

15 CFR 922.194 - Certification of preexisting leases, licenses, permits, approvals, other authorizations, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater..., Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; ATTN: Sanctuary Manager, Thunder Bay National Marine...

15 CFR 922.194 - Certification of preexisting leases, licenses, permits, approvals, other authorizations, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater..., Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; ATTN: Sanctuary Manager, Thunder Bay National Marine...

15 CFR 922.194 - Certification of preexisting leases, licenses, permits, approvals, other authorizations, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater..., Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; ATTN: Sanctuary Manager, Thunder Bay National Marine...

15 CFR 922.194 - Certification of preexisting leases, licenses, permits, approvals, other authorizations, or...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater..., Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management; ATTN: Sanctuary Manager, Thunder Bay National Marine...

Thundercloud: Domain specific information security training for the smart grid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stites, Joseph

In this paper, we describe a cloud-based virtual smart grid test bed: ThunderCloud, which is intended to be used for domain-specific security training applicable to the smart grid environment. The test bed consists of virtual machines connected using a virtual internal network. ThunderCloud is remotely accessible, allowing students to undergo educational exercises online. We also describe a series of practical exercises that we have developed for providing the domain-specific training using ThunderCloud. The training exercises and attacks are designed to be realistic and to reflect known vulnerabilities and attacks reported in the smart grid environment. We were able to use ThunderCloud to offer practical domain-specific security training for smart grid environment to computer science students at little or no cost to the department and no risk to any real networks or systems.

FEL (free-electron lasers) undulator technology and synchrotron radiation source requirements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Robinson, K.; Quimby, D.; Slater, J.

This paper describes design and construction considerations of the THUNDER undulator, for use in free-electron laser experiments at visible wavelengths. For the parameters of these experiments, an unusually high degree of optimization of the electron-photon interaction is required and, as a result, THUNDER is built to especially high mechanical and magnetic precision. Except for its narrow magnet gap, the 5-meter THUNDER undulator is quite similar to insertion devices under consideration for the proposed 6-GeV storage ring. The engineering and physics approach adopted for this FEL modulator design is directly applicable to insertion device development. The tolerance limits to THUNDER, establishedmore » by modeling and design and achieved through careful control of mechanical and magnetic errors, are essential to the next generation of insertion devices.« less

Average diurnal variation of summer lightning over the Florida peninsula

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maier, L. M.; Krider, E. P.; Maier, M. W.

1984-01-01

Data derived from a large network of electric field mills are used to determine the average diurnal variation of lightning in a Florida seacoast environment. The variation at the NASA Kennedy Space Center and the Cape Canaveral Air Force Station area is compared with standard weather observations of thunder, and the variation of all discharges in this area is compared with the statistics of cloud-to-ground flashes over most of the South Florida peninsula and offshore waters. The results show average diurnal variations that are consistent with statistics of thunder start times and the times of maximum thunder frequency, but that the actual lightning tends to stop one to two hours before the recorded thunder. The variation is also consistent with previous determinations of the times of maximum rainfall and maximum rainfall rate.

Predicting the characteristics of thunder on Titan: A framework to assess the detectability of lightning by acoustic sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petculescu, Andi; Kruse, Roland

2014-10-01

The search for lightning is an important item on the agenda for the future exploration of Titan. Thunder, as a direct lightning signature, can be used, together with electromagnetic signals, to corroborate and quantify lightning. Using Cassini-Huygens data and model predictions, the main characteristics of thunder produced by a potential 20 km cloud-to-ground tortuous discharge are obtained and discussed. The acoustic power released right after the discharge decreases with increasing altitude, owing to the ambient pressure and temperature gradients. Ray tracing is used to propagate sound waves to the far field. Simulated thunder waveforms are characterized by fairly long codas—on the order of tens of seconds—arising from the small acoustic absorption (˜10-4dB/km). In the low-loss environment, the principal thunder arrival will likely have a large signal-to-noise ratio ensuring a high detection selectivity. The spectral content depends on the amount of energy released during the discharge. For an energy density of 5 kJ/m, the dominant contribution lies between 50 and 80 Hz; for 500 kJ/m, it shifts to lower frequencies between 10 and 30 Hz.

77 FR 15359 - Availability of Seats for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

... Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 500 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena, Michigan 49707. Completed applications... Coordinator, Thunder Bay National Marine. Sanctuary, 500 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena, Michigan 49707, (989) 356...

Highly dispersed catalysts for coal liquefaction. Quarterly report No. 9, August 23, 1993--November 22, 1993

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hirschon, A.S.; Wilson, R.B.

We analyzed two sets of liquefaction experiments, one involved the liquefaction of Black Thunder Coal with the corresponding recycle vehicle, and the second set of liquefaction runs involved the liquefaction of Argonne North Dakota Lignite. We compared coal conversions of Black Thunder coal and recycle solvent using Fe(CO){sub 5} and carbon monoxide/hydrogen atmospheres and a MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst under a hydrogen atmosphere. We also continued our investigation of the effect of water on the conversions. We found that addition of water seemed to decrease the amount of oils; we determined the effect of water with the recycle solvent alone, (nomore » coal added) under similar conditions, and again produced a decrease in oil yields. FIMS analyses of the hexane and toluene soluble fractions seem to indicate that in the experiment when water was added, a considerable amount of light material remained behind in the toluene layer, suggesting that somehow the addition of water decreased the amount of extracted material, perhaps by increasing the amount of polarity of the product. When the conversion was conducted with the MolyVanL molybdenum catalyst a good quality product in terms of lower viscosity was produced; however, conversions to THF soluble material was not increased. We believe the molybdenum catalyst hydrogenated the recycle vehicle rather than effectively converted the coal. In order to eliminate the effect of solvent we have often conducted experiments in an inert solvent with Argonne coals. We conducted several coal conversions experiments using an Argonne North Dakota lignite. We compared several dispersed Fe catalysts and in addition, a nickel catalyst. We investigated nickel as a catalyst since we believe this metal may be more effective in decarboxylating low rank coals. Consistent with this premise we found that the nickel catalyst gave the highest conversions.« less

78 FR 11821 - Availability of Seats for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary Advisory Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-20

...: Application kits may be obtained from Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 500 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena..., Alpena, Michigan 49707, (989) 356-8805 ext. 13, [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: The...

75 FR 41119 - Special Local Regulations; Sabine River, Orange, TX

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

... Regulation is intended to restrict vessels from portions of the Sabine River during the Thunder on the Sabine... Orange, TX, Thunder on the Sabine boat races. The powerboat race and associated testing will occur...

"Dans le sillon des voyageurs": Thunder Bay's Experiment in French Community Television

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, David W. P.

1976-01-01

Thunder Bay French Television was begun as an experiment in amateur community television designed to appeal to francophones, elementary school pupils, students, and the public at large. Organization and programming are described. (RM)

THUNDER Piezoelectric Actuators as a Method of Stretch-Tuning an Optical Fiber Grating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allison, Sidney G.; Fox, Robert L.; Froggatt, Mark E.; Childers, Brooks A.

2000-01-01

A method of stretching optical fiber holds interest for measuring strain in smart structures where the physical displacement may be used to tune optical fiber lasers. A small, light weight, low power tunable fiber laser is ideal for demodulating strain in optical fiber Bragg gratings attached to smart structures such as the re-usable launch vehicle that is being developed by NASA. A method is presented for stretching optical fibers using the THUNDER piezoelectric actuators invented at NASA Langley Research Center. THUNDER actuators use a piezoelectric layer bonded to a metal backing to enable the actuators to produce displacements larger than the unbonded piezoelectric material. The shift in reflected optical wavelength resulting from stretching the fiber Bragg grating is presented. Means of adapting THUNDER actuators for stretching optical fibers is discussed, including ferrules, ferrule clamp blocks, and plastic hinges made with stereo lithography.

Infrasound from thunder: A natural seismic source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ting-L.; Langston, Charles A.

2007-07-01

A small array consisting of five three-component short-period surface seismometers, a three-component borehole seismometer, and five infrasound microphones was built to investigate thunder-induced ground motions. Data from two thunder events with similar N-wave waveforms but different horizontal slownesses are chosen as examples of data collected by the array. These impulsive acoustic waves excited P and S reverberations in the near surface that depend on both the incident wave horizontal slowness and the velocity structure in the upper 30 meters at the site. Although the depth of the borehole is relatively shallow compared to a seismic wave wavelength, velocity amplitude in the radial component decays as much as 63 percent with depth but vertical component amplitudes are unaffected consistent with air-coupled Rayleigh wave excitation. Naturally occurring thunder appears to be a useful seismic source to empirically determine site resonance characteristics for hazards assessments.

Displacement Models for THUNDER Actuators having General Loads and Boundary Conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wieman, Robert; Smith, Ralph C.; Kackley, Tyson; Ounaies, Zoubeida; Bernd, Jeff; Bushnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

This paper summarizes techniques for quantifying the displacements generated in THUNDER actuators in response to applied voltages for a variety of boundary conditions and exogenous loads. The PDE (partial differential equations) models for the actuators are constructed in two steps. In the first, previously developed theory quantifying thermal and electrostatic strains is employed to model the actuator shapes which result from the manufacturing process and subsequent repoling. Newtonian principles are then employed to develop PDE models which quantify displacements in the actuator due to voltage inputs to the piezoceramic patch. For this analysis, drive levels are assumed to be moderate so that linear piezoelectric relations can be employed. Finite element methods for discretizing the models are developed and the performance of the discretized models are illustrated through comparison with experimental data.

77 FR 47524 - Drawbridge Operation Regulations; Cheesequake Creek, Morgan, South Amboy, NJ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-09

... Thunder Freedom Ride. DATES: This deviation is effective from 12 p.m. through 1:30 p.m. on September 16... p.m., on September 16, 2012, to facilitate the Rolling Thunder Freedom Ride, public event. Vessels...

Synthetic Minor NSR Permit: Thunder Butte Petroleum Services, Inc. - Crude Storage and Loading Facility

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains documents relevant to the synthetic minor NSR permi for the Thunder Butte Petroleum Services, Inc., Crude Storage and Loading Facility, located on the Fort Berthold Indian Reservation in Ward County, ND.

NPDES Permit for Thunder Butte Petroleum Services Inc. Refinery in North Dakota

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Under NPDES permit ND-003098, the Thunder Butte Petroleum Services Inc. refinery is authorized to discharge from its wastewater treatment facilities near Makoti in Ward County, North Dakota, to wetlands tributary to the East Fork of Shell Creek.

Registration of 'Thunder CL' Wheat

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

'Thunder CL' (Reg. No. CV- , PI XXXXXX) hard white winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was developed by the Colorado Agricultural Experiment Station and released in August 2008 through a marketing agreement with the Colorado Wheat Research Foundation. In addition to researchers at Colorado State Uni...

Energy harvesting efficiency optimization via varying the radius of curvature of a piezoelectric THUNDER

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Fengxia; Wang, Zengmei; Soroush, Mahmoudiandehkordi; Abedini, Amin

2016-09-01

In this work the energy harvesting performance of a piezoelectric curved energy generator (THin layer UNimorph DrivER (THUNDER)) is studied via experimental and analytical methods. The analytical model of the THUNDER is created based on the linear mechanical electrical constitutive law of the piezoelectric material, the linear elastic constitutive law of the substrate, and the Euler-Bernoulli beam theory. With these linear modal functions, the Rayleigh-Ritz approach was used to obtain the reduced mechanical-electrical coupled modulation equations. The analytical model is verified by the experimental results. Both the experimental and analytical results of the THUNDER’s AC power output, DC power output with Rectifier Bridge and a capacitor, as well as the power output with a microcontroller energy harvesting circuit are reported. Based on the theoretical model, the analytical solution of the DC power is derived in terms of the vibration amplitude, frequency, and the electrical load. To harvest energy from low-frequency vibration source by a piezoelectric generator requires the piezoelectric device possessing low resonance frequency and good flexibility. The THUNDER developed by Langley Research Center exhibits high power when it is used as an energy generator and large displacement when it is used as an actuator. Compared to the less flexible PZT, although THUNDER is more difficult to model, THUNDER has better vibration absorption capacity and higher energy recovery efficiency. The effect of the THUNDER’s radius of curvature on energy harvesting efficiency is mainly investigated. We set the THUNDER’s radius of curvature as a dynamic tuning parameter which can tune the piezoelectric generators’ frequency with the source excitation frequency.

Infra-sound Signature of Lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arechiga, R. O.; Badillo, E.; Johnson, J.; Edens, H. E.; Rison, W.; Thomas, R. J.

2012-12-01

We have analyzed thunder from over 200 lightning flashes to determine which part of thunder comes from the gas dynamic expansion of portions of the rapidly heated lightning channel and which from electrostatic field changes. Thunder signals were recorded by a ~1500 m network of 3 to 4 4-element microphone deployed in the Magdalena mountains of New Mexico in the summers of 2011 and 2012. The higher frequency infra-sound and audio-range portion of thunder is thought to come from the gas dynamic expansion, and the electrostatic mechanism gives rise to a signature infra-sound pulse peaked at a few Hz. More than 50 signature infra-sound pulses were observed in different portions of the thunder signal, with no preference towards the beginning or the end of the signal. Detection of the signature pulse occurs sometimes only for one array and sometimes for several arrays, which agrees with the theory that the pulse is highly directional (i.e., the recordings have to be in a specific position with respect to the cloud generating the pulse to be able to detect it). The detection of these pulses under quiet wind conditions by different acoustic arrays corroborates the electrostatic mechanism originally proposed by Wilson [1920], further studied by Dessler [1973] and Few [1985], observed by Bohannon [1983] and Balachandran [1979, 1983], and recently analyzed by Pasko [2009]. Pasko employed a model to explain the electrostatic-to-acoustic energy conversion and the initial compression waves in observed infrasonic pulses, which agrees with the observations we have made. We present thunder samples that exhibit signature infra-sound pulses at different times and acoustic source reconstruction to demonstrate the beaming effect.

Fuel Cell Transit Buses : ThunderPower Bus Evaluation at SunLine Transit Agency

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-11-01

This report provides an overview of the ThunderPower fuel cell bus demonstration at SunLine Transit Agency in Thousand Palms, California. Under contract with the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) evaluat...

76 FR 75900 - Notice of Application for Withdrawal Extension and Opportunity for Public Meeting; Oregon

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-05

... at Thunder Egg Lake Agate Beds. The withdrawal created by PLO No. 6947 will expire on September 21... recreational rock hounding area at the Thunder Egg Lake Agate Beds. The use of a right-of-way, interagency...

77 FR 2972 - Thunder Bay Power Company, Thunder Bay Power, LLC, et al.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-20

... Hydro, LLC. Dayton Fox River, LaSalle County, IL. P-2347-049 Midwest Hydro, Inc. Midwest Hydro, LLC... FR, Neenah Paper FR, Middle Appleton Dam Lower Fox River, LLC and N.E.W. LLC and N.E.W. Outagamie...

Inversion of Acoustic and Electromagnetic Recordings for Mapping Current Flow in Lightning Strikes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, J.; Johnson, J.; Arechiga, R. O.; Thomas, R. J.

2012-12-01

Acoustic recordings can be used to map current-carrying conduits in lightning strikes. Unlike stepped leaders, whose very high frequency (VHF) radio emissions have short (meter-scale) wavelengths and can be located by lightning-mapping arrays, current pulses emit longer (kilometer-scale) waves and cannot be mapped precisely by electromagnetic observations alone. While current pulses are constrained to conductive channels created by stepped leaders, these leaders often branch as they propagate, and most branches fail to carry current. Here, we present a method to use thunder recordings to map current pulses, and we apply it to acoustic and VHF data recorded in 2009 in the Magdalena mountains in central New Mexico, USA. Thunder is produced by rapid heating and expansion of the atmosphere along conductive channels in response to current flow, and therefore can be used to recover the geometry of the current-carrying channel. Toward this goal, we use VHF pulse maps to identify candidate conductive channels where we treat each channel as a superposition of finely-spaced acoustic point sources. We apply ray tracing in variable atmospheric structures to forward model the thunder that our microphone network would record for each candidate channel. Because multiple channels could potentially carry current, a non-linear inversion is performed to determine the acoustic source strength of each channel. For each combination of acoustic source strengths, synthetic thunder is modeled as a superposition of thunder signals produced by each channel, and a power envelope of this stack is then calculated. The inversion iteratively minimizes the misfit between power envelopes of recorded and modeled thunder. Because the atmospheric sound speed structure through which the waves propagate during these events is unknown, we repeat the procedure on many plausible atmospheres to find an optimal fit. We then determine the candidate channel, or channels, that minimizes residuals between synthetic and acoustic recordings. We demonstrate the usefulness of this method on both intracloud and cloud-to-ground strikes, and discuss factors affecting our ability to replicate recorded thunder.

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - 2-Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... origin. The area between the Thunder River/Toroweap and Shinumo Flight Free Zones is designated the “Fossil Canyon Corridor.” (d) Toroweap/Thunder River Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - 2-Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... origin. The area between the Thunder River/Toroweap and Shinumo Flight Free Zones is designated the “Fossil Canyon Corridor.” (d) Toroweap/Thunder River Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - 2-Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... origin. The area between the Thunder River/Toroweap and Shinumo Flight Free Zones is designated the “Fossil Canyon Corridor.” (d) Toroweap/Thunder River Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line...

Thunder Mountain School Is Something Special.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

NJEA Review, 1979

1979-01-01

This article describes Thunder Mountain School, operated year round by the Newton Board of Education under a special use permit granted by the National Park Service. The center includes sports facilities, nature preserves, a farm, and historic sites for use by residential and day students, kindergarten through college. (SJL)

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - 2-Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... origin. The area between the Thunder River/Toroweap and Shinumo Flight Free Zones is designated the “Fossil Canyon Corridor.” (d) Toroweap/Thunder River Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line...

14 CFR Special Federal Aviation... - 2-Special Flight Rules in the Vicinity of the Grand Canyon National Park, AZ

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... origin. The area between the Thunder River/Toroweap and Shinumo Flight Free Zones is designated the “Fossil Canyon Corridor.” (d) Toroweap/Thunder River Flight-Free Zone. Within an area bounded by a line...

The efficiencies of cast blasting in wide pits

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Martin, R.L.; King, M.G.

Blasting activities in all four pits at Thunder Basin Coal`s Black Thunder Mine are focused on cast blasting. With widths varying from 190 feet to 265 feet and bench heights varying from 90 feet to 175 feet, casting efficiencies vary with different geometry`s. For example, the percent cast to final in the 200 foot pit is on the average higher than the 270 foot pit. The powder factors are somewhat higher in the narrower pits, thus increasing the cost of blasting. This leads to a very detailed look at the actual benefit of cast blasting and the associated cost ofmore » these benefits. The simple solution would be to reduce the width of the pits, thereby increasing the percent cast to final. However, the lower rehandle and low coal loss associated with wide pits would be fortified. Upon further review it becomes obvious that the wider pits could not be compared to the narrow pits with the cast to final percent indices. The focus should be shifted to cubic yards cast to final per lineal foot of pit. This will allow for more accurate measures of the casting efficiency of the shot. When comparing the pits with these indices their performances were much closer than the percent cast to final indices. The powder factors being higher in the narrow pits drove up the cost per cubic yard cast to final. Therefore, even though the percent cast to final was higher, the cost per cubic yard was also higher.« less

The direct liquefaction proof of concept program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Comolli, A.G.; Lee, L.K.; Pradhan, V.R.

1995-12-31

The goal of the Proof of Concept (POC) Program is to develop Direct Coal Liquefaction and associated transitional technologies towards commercial readiness for economically producing premium liquid fuels from coal in an environmentally acceptable manner. The program focuses on developing the two-stage liquefaction (TSL) process by utilizing geographically strategic feedstocks, commercially feasible catalysts, new prototype equipment, and testing co-processing or alternate feedstocks and improved process configurations. Other high priority objectives include dispersed catalyst studies, demonstrating low rank coal liquefaction without solids deposition, improving distillate yields on a unit reactor volume basis, demonstrating ebullated bed operations while obtaining scale-up data, demonstratingmore » optimum catalyst consumption using new concepts (e.g. regeneration, cascading), producing premium products through on-line hydrotreating, demonstrating improved hydrogen utilization for low rank coals using novel heteroatom removal methods, defining and demonstrating two-stage product properties for upgrading; demonstrating efficient and economic solid separation methods, examining the merits of integrated coal cleaning, demonstrating co-processing, studying interactions between the preheater and first and second-stage reactors, improving process operability by testing and incorporating advanced equipment and instrumentation, and demonstrating operation with alternate coal feedstocks. During the past two years major PDU Proof of Concept runs were completed. POC-1 with Illinois No. 6 coal and POC-2 with Black Thunder sub-bituminous coal. Results from these operations are continuing under review and the products are being further refined and upgraded. This paper will update the results from these operations and discuss future plans for the POC program.« less

Liquefaction of black thunder coal with counterflow reactor technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parker, R.J.; Simpson, P.L.

There is currently a resurgence of interest in the use of carbon monoxide and water to promote the solubilization of low rank coals in liquefaction processes. The mechanism for the water shift gas reaction (WGSR) is well documented and proceeds via a formate ion intermediate at temperatures up to about 400{degrees}C. Coal solubilization is enhanced by CO/H{sub 2}O and by the solvent effect of the supercritical water. The WGSR is catalyzed by bases (alkali metal carbonates, hydroxides, acetates, aluminates). Many inorganic salts which promote catalytic hydrogenation are rendered inactive in CO/H{sub 2}O, although there is positive evidence for the benefitmore » of using pyrite for both the WGSR and as a hydrogenation catalyst. The temperatures at which coal solubilization occurs are insufficient to promote extensive cracking or upgrading of the solubilized coal. Therefore, a two step process might achieve these two reactions sequentially. Alberta Research Council (ARC) has developed a two-stage process for the coprocessing of low rank coals and petroleum resids/bitumens. This process was further advanced by utilizing the counterflow reactor (CFR) concept pioneered by Canadian Energy Developments (CED) and ARC. The technology is currently being applied to coal liquefaction. The two-stage process employs CO/H{sub 2}O at relatively mid temperature and pressure to solubilize the coal, followed by a more severe hydrocracking step. This paper describes the results of an autoclave study conducted to support a bench unit program on the direct liquefaction of coals.« less

78 FR 35776 - Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-14

... 49779. Tuesday, July 16--Great Lakes Maritime Heritage Center, 500 W. Fletcher Street, Alpena, MI 49707... Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary, 500 W. Fletcher, Alpena, Michigan 49707, Attn: Jeff Gray.../tbnmsmp.pdf . In April 2012, NOAA held three public scoping meetings: in Alpena, Harrisville and Rogers...

What Happens during a Thunderstorm?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mogil, H. Michael

2004-01-01

A thunderstorm is a localized storm accompanied by lightning and thunder. It may also have gusty winds and often brings heavy rain. Some thunderstorms can also bring tornadoes and/or hail. During winter, localized heavy snow showers may also have thunder and lightning. And, in the western United States in summer, thunderstorms may be…

Modelling Digital Thunder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanco, Francesco; La Rocca, Paola; Petta, Catia; Riggi, Francesco

2009-01-01

An educational model simulation of the sound produced by lightning in the sky has been employed to demonstrate realistic signatures of thunder and its connection to the particular structure of the lightning channel. Algorithms used in the past have been revisited and implemented, making use of current computer techniques. The basic properties of…

78 FR 49700 - Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-15

... management practices. Dated: August 12, 2013. Daniel J. Basta, Director, Office of National Marine.... 130403324-3376-01] RIN 0648-BC94 Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary AGENCY: Office... 14, 2013, NOAA published a proposed rule in the Federal Register to revise the regulations for the...

A Force to Reckon With

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1999-01-01

Through a licensing agreement with NASA, Face International Corporation has successfully commercialized ferroelectric actuator/sensor technology developed at Langley Research Center. Face International manufactures both ferroelectric actuators and sensors under the trademark "Thunder" (Thin Layer Composite Unimorph Ferroelectric Driver and Sensor). As actuators the Thunder technology provides a high level of movement not seen before in piezoelectric devices. Crystal structures generate electricity when stressed and move when voltage is applied. As sensors, the technology can be used in such applications as microphones, non-destructive testing, and vibration sensing. Thunder technology is being researched as a noise reduction device for aircraft engines. The technology is durable enough to be used in harsh environments, making it applicable to many commercial applications.

Photoionization in a Numerical Simulation of a Spark Discharge in Air

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-01

thunder , exploding thin conductors, and ignition of a fuel/air mixture in an internal combustion engine. All of these arcs have a circular cylindrical...that this arc resistance can be questioned. A detailed numerical study of an arc came from the research on thunder and lightning.4 This study is

78 FR 73112 - Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-05

... management practices. Dated: November 27, 2013. Daniel J. Basta, Director, Office of National Marine.... 130403324-3376-01] RIN 0648-BC94 Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary AGENCY: Office... June 14, 2013, NOAA published a proposed rule in the Federal Register to revise the regulations for the...

Using the ENTLN lightning catalog to identify thunder signals in the USArray Transportable Array

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tytell, J. E.; Reyes, J. C.; Vernon, F.; Sloop, C.; Heckman, S.

2013-12-01

Severe weather events can pose a challenge for seismic analysts who regularly see non-seismic signals recorded at the stations. Sometimes, the noise from thunder can be confused with signals from seismic events such as quarry blasts or earthquakes depending on where and when the noise is observed. Automatic analysis of data is also severely affected by big amplitude arrivals that we could safely ignore. A comprehensive lightning catalog for the continental US in conjunction with a travel time model for thunder arrivals can help analysts identify some of these unknown sources. Researchers from Earthscope's USArray Transportable Array (TA) have partnered with the Earth Networks Total Lightning Network (ENTLN) in an effort to create such a catalog. Predicted thunder arrivals from some powerful meteorological systems affecting the main TA footprint will undergo extensive evaluation. We will examine the veracity of the predicted arrivals at different distances and azimuths and the time accuracy of the model. A combination of barometric pressure and seismic signals will be use to verify these arrivals.

"Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry": A Culturally Specific, Subversive Concept of Child Agency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDowell, Kelly

2002-01-01

Presents a critique of Mildred D. Taylor's "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" with regard to its positioning of the child subject. Proposes that the novel contrasts classic works of children's fiction by following a trajectory of child agency, which is enabled through the novel's racial specificity. Discusses the role of historical…

Racial Identification and Audience in "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" and "The Watsons Go to Birmingham--1963"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barker, Jani L.

2010-01-01

Multiethnic children's literature addresses multiple audiences, providing different reading experiences and benefits for each. Using critical race theory as an interpretive tool, this article examines how two African American historical fiction novels, Mildred Taylor's "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" and Christopher Paul Curtis's "The Watsons Go to…

78 FR 64186 - Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

.... Basta, Director, Office of National Marine Sanctuaries. [FR Doc. 2013-25138 Filed 10-25-13; 8:45 am.... 130403324-3 376-01 RIN 0648-BC94] Boundary Expansion of Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary AGENCY: Office... June 14, 2013, NOAA published a proposed rule in the Federal Register to revise the regulations for the...

Rolling Thunder -- Integration of the Solo 161 Stirling engine with the CPG-460 solar concentrator at Ft. Huachuca

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Diver, R.B.; Moss, T.A.; Goldberg, V.

Project Rolling Thunder is a dish/Stirling demonstration project at Ft. Huachuca, a US Army fort in southeastern Arizona (Huachuca means rolling thunder in Apache). It has been supported by the Strategic Environmental Research and Development Program (SERDP), a cooperative program between the Department of Defense (DoD) and the Department of Energy (DOE). As part of a 1992 SERDP project, Cummins Power Generation, Inc. (CPG) installed a CPG 7 kW(c) dish/Stirling system at the Joint Interoperability Test Command (JITC) in Ft. Huachuca, Arizona. The primary objective of the SERDP Dish/Stirling for DoD Applications project was to demonstrate a CPG 7-kW(c) dish/Stirlingmore » system at a military facility. Unfortunately, Cummins Engine Company decided to divest its solar operations. As a direct result of Ft. Huachuca`s interest in the Cummins dish/Stirling technology, Sandia explored the possibility of installing a SOLO 161 Stirling power conversion unit (PCU) on the Ft. Huachuca CPG-460. In January 1997, a decision was made to retrofit a SOLO 161 Stirling engine on the CPG-460 at Ft. Huachuca. Project Rolling Thunder. The SOLO 161 Demonstration at Ft. Huachuca has been a challenge. Although, the SOLO 161 PCU has operated nearly flawlessly and the CPG-460 has been, for the most part, a solid and reliable component, integration of the SOLO PCU with the CPG-460 has required significant attention. In this paper, the integration issues and technical approaches of project Rolling Thunder are presented. Lessons of the project are also discussed.« less

Proteomic profiles of white sucker (Catostomus commersonii) sampled from within the Thunder Bay Area of Concern reveal up-regulation of proteins associated with tumor formation and exposure to environmental estrogens.

PubMed

Simmons, Denina B D; Bols, Niels C; Duncker, Bernard P; McMaster, Mark; Miller, Jason; Sherry, James P

2012-02-07

White sucker (Catostomus commersonii) sampled from the Thunder Bay Area of Concern were assessed for health using a shotgun approach to compile proteomic profiles. Plasma proteins were sampled from male and female fish from a reference location, an area in recovery within Thunder Bay Harbour, and a site at the mouth of the Kaministiquia River where water and sediment quality has been degraded by industrial activities. The proteins were characterized using reverse-phase liquid chromatography tandem to a quadrupole-time-of-flight (LC-Q-TOF) mass spectrometer and were identified by searching in peptide databases. In total, 1086 unique proteins were identified. The identified proteins were then examined by means of a bioinformatics pathway analysis to gain insight into the biological functions and disease pathways that were represented and to assess whether there were any significant changes in protein expression due to sampling location. Female white sucker exhibited significant (p = 0.00183) site-specific changes in the number of plasma proteins that were related to tumor formation, reproductive system disease, and neurological disease. Male fish plasma had a significantly different (p < 0.0001) number of proteins related to neurological disease and tumor formation. Plasma concentrations of vitellogenin were significantly elevated in females from the Kaministiquia River compared to the Thunder Bay Harbour and reference sites. The protein expression profiles indicate that white sucker health has benefited from the remediation of the Thunder Bay Harbour site, whereas white sucker from the Kaministiquia River site are impacted by ongoing contaminant discharges.

Location of acoustic radiators and inversion for energy density using radio-frequency sources and thunder recordings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, J.; Johnson, J. B.; Arechiga, R. O.; Edens, H. E.; Thomas, R. J.

2011-12-01

We use radio frequency (VHF) pulse locations mapped with the New Mexico Tech Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) to study the distribution of thunder sources in lightning channels. A least squares inversion is used to fit channel acoustic energy radiation with broadband (0.01 to 500 Hz) acoustic recordings using microphones deployed local (< 10 km) to the lightning. We model the thunder (acoustic) source as a superposition of line segments connecting the LMA VHF pulses. An optimum branching algorithm is used to reconstruct conductive channels delineated by VHF sources, which we discretize as a superposition of finely-spaced (0.25 m) acoustic point sources. We consider total radiated thunder as a weighted superposition of acoustic waves from individual channels, each with a constant current along its length that is presumed to be proportional to acoustic energy density radiated per unit length. Merged channels are considered as a linear sum of current-carrying branches and radiate proportionally greater acoustic energy. Synthetic energy time series for a given microphone location are calculated for each independent channel. We then use a non-negative least squares inversion to solve for channel energy densities to match the energy time series determined from broadband acoustic recordings across a 4-station microphone network. Events analyzed by this method have so far included 300-1000 VHF sources, and correlations as high as 0.5 between synthetic and recorded thunder energy were obtained, despite the presence of wind noise and 10-30 m uncertainty in VHF source locations.

Dissatisfaction among women with "thunder thighs" undergoing closed aspirative lipoplasty.

PubMed

Lewis, C M

1987-01-01

In our practice, we have uncovered a small series of female patients with "thunder thighs" who were dissatisfied with results of closed aspirative lipoplasty. The common problem appears to be unrealistic expectations. These patients expected a change in body habitus. This article reiterates the need for careful patient selection and preoperative information of what the procedure can and cannot accomplish.

Arterial catheter complications and management problems: observations from AACN's Thunder Project.

PubMed

1993-09-01

Arterial cannulation, while common in critical care, is a procedure with attendant risks of complications. Anecdotal data from the American Association of Critical Care Nurses' Thunder Project provided evidence that catheters, insertion sites, and monitoring systems continue to be sources of complications. The problems have not changed since arterial cannulation began. Line management issues cannot be resolved until low-maintenance systems are developed.

Military Training: Observations on Efforts to Prepare Personnel to Survive Helicopter Crashes into Water

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-14

Air Force Environmental conditions simulation equipment Equipment that simulates conditions such as waves, wind, rain, thunder , lightning , and...Environmental conditions simulation equipment Equipment that simulates conditions such as waves, wind, rain, thunder , lightning , and combat sounds...items such as wave generators, heavy-duty fans to simulate high winds, strobe lights to simulate lightning , water spray and injection systems to

Effects of acupuncture on the heart rate variability, cortisol levels and behavioural response induced by thunder sound in beagles.

PubMed

Maccariello, Carolina Elisabetta Martins; Franzini de Souza, Carla Caroline; Morena, Laura; Dias, Daniel Penteado Martins; Medeiros, Magda Alves de

2018-03-15

Sound stimuli such as fireworks, firearms, and claps of thunder have been used as a stress reactivity model for dogs. Acupuncture has been widely used to treat and prevent physiological and behavioural disorders induced by stress. Our study aims to evaluate the effects of acupuncture on cardiac autonomic modulation (heart rate variability - HRV), behavioural (reactivity) and endocrine (cortisol levels) responses in dogs exposed to sounds of thunder. Twenty-four laboratory beagles (12 males and 12 females, 1-6years old) with no history of phobia to thunder were subjected to a sound stimulus that consisted of a standardized recording of thunder over a 150s period with a maximum intensity of 103-104dB. Before the sound, the dogs underwent a 20-minute session of needle insertion at acupuncture points Yintang, GV20, HT7, PC6 and ST36 (ACUP), in non-points (NP) or left undisturbed (CTL). Cardiac intervals were recorded using a frequency meter (RS 800cx, Polar, Kempele, Finland) to evaluate the HRV, and the data were later analysed using CardioSeries v2.4.1 software. Acupuncture (ACUP) changed the sympathovagal balance with a shift towards parasympathetic modulation, reducing the prompt sound-induced increase in LF/HF (low frequency/high frequency) ratio and in the power of the LF band of the cardiac interval spectrum, and decreased the power of the HF band of the cardiac interval spectrum (p<0.05); however there was no change in the heart rate. Acupuncture reduced the behavioural response induced by sounds of thunder (when all behavioural parameters were considered together) and the behaviours hiding, restlessness, bolting and running around (when the parameters were analysed separately (p<0.05). There were no changes in cortisol levels due to the sound stimulus or acupuncture. Our results demonstrate that a session of acupuncture prior to sound stimulus can reduce cardiac autonomic and behavioural responses, without changing cortisol levels in beagles. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The legality of designating a union representative as the miners` walkaround representative at a non-unionized mine

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

Reflecting the need for miner participation in maintaining safe conditions in the nation`s mines, current federal law gives miners at each mining operation the right to appoint a representative to accompany federal inspectors on periodic mine inspections. The Federal Mine Safety and Health Act (Mine Act) grants the miners the right to choose this {open_quotes}walkaround{close_quotes} representative, and provides that the walkaround representative shall be given an opportunity to accompany a federal agent during an inspection of a mine for the purposes of aiding the inspection. The issue of the propriety of a non-employee union walkaround representative at a non-union minemore » was recently addressed in Kerr-McGee Coal Corp. v. Federal Mine Safety & Health Review Commission (Kerr-McGee) and Thunder Basin Coal Co. v. Federal Mine Safety & Health Review Commission (Thunder Basin). This Note is devoted to a discussion of Kerr-McGee and Thunder Basin. However, it is important to first briefly review the provision of the federal statutes that give rise to the controversy. The Note then explains how the statutes were interpreted by the Kerr-McGee and Thunder Basin courts. A reading of the two decisions makes it apparent that any group of employees of a non-unionized mine are free to select a non-employee union agent as their walkaround representative. Finally, the Note discusses the ramifications of the conclusions reached in Kerr-McGee and Thunder Basin on the future duties and behavior of mine operators, organized labor, and those designated as walkaround representatives.« less

High Incidence of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Disease Caused by Strains of Uncommon emm Types in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada

PubMed Central

Athey, Taryn B. T.; Teatero, Sarah; Sieswerda, Lee E.; Gubbay, Jonathan B.; Marchand-Austin, Alex; Li, Aimin; Wasserscheid, Jessica; Dewar, Ken; McGeer, Allison; Williams, David

2015-01-01

An outbreak of type emm59 invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease was declared in 2008 in Thunder Bay District, Northwestern Ontario, 2 years after a countrywide emm59 epidemic was recognized in Canada. Despite a declining number of emm59 infections since 2010, numerous cases of iGAS disease continue to be reported in the area. We collected clinical information on all iGAS cases recorded in Thunder Bay District from 2008 to 2013. We also emm typed and sequenced the genomes of all available strains isolated from 2011 to 2013 from iGAS infections and from severe cases of soft tissue infections. We used whole-genome sequencing data to investigate the population structure of GAS strains of the most frequently isolated emm types. We report an increased incidence of iGAS in Thunder Bay compared to the metropolitan area of Toronto/Peel and the province of Ontario. Illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, homelessness, and hepatitis C infection were underlying diseases or conditions that might have predisposed patients to iGAS disease. Most cases were caused by clonal strains of skin or generalist emm types (i.e., emm82, emm87, emm101, emm4, emm83, and emm114) uncommonly seen in other areas of the province. We observed rapid waxing and waning of emm types causing disease and their replacement by other emm types associated with the same tissue tropisms. Thus, iGAS disease in Thunder Bay District predominantly affects a select population of disadvantaged persons and is caused by clonally related strains of a few skin and generalist emm types less commonly associated with iGAS in other areas of Ontario. PMID:26491184

[Thunder-fire Moxibustion for Qi Deficiency-induced Fatigue in Breast Cancer Patients Under-going Chemotherapy].

PubMed

Lu, Lu; Li, Wei-Han; Guo, Xiao-Chuan; Fu, Wen-Bin

2018-02-25

To observe the clinical effect of thunder-fire moxibustion in the treatment of qi deficiency-induced fatigue in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy. Sixty breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were randomly divided into thunder-fire moxibustion (Moxi) and conventional nursing (nursing) groups ( n ＝30 in each group). Patients in the Moxi group were treated with thunder-fire moxibustion applied to the back part of body from Pishu (BL 20) to Qihaishu (BL 24) on the bilateral sides and to the abdominal part from Zhongwan (CV 12) to Guanyuan (CV 4) for 30 min, once a day for 14 days. Patients in the nursing group were treated with health education and conventional nursing care. The simple fatigue scale, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) syndrome score, clinical curative effect were observed before and after the treatment, and white blood cell (WBC) count was observed 5 days ofter chemotherapy and after the treatment respectively. After the treatment, the simple fatigue scales and TCM syndrome scores were significantly decreased and WBC counts were significantly increased in both groups relevant to their individual pre-treatment ( P <0.01). The therapeutic effect of the Moxi group was appa-rently superior to that of the nursing group in lowering the simple fatigue scale and TCM syndrome score and in up-regulating WBC count ( P <0.01, P <0.05). The total effective rate of the Moxi group was significantly higher than that of the nursing group (83.3%[25/30]vs 36.7% [11/30], P <0.01). Thunder-fire moxibustion can effectively relieve the degree of fatigue and the symptoms of qi deficiency in breast cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy.

High Incidence of Invasive Group A Streptococcus Disease Caused by Strains of Uncommon emm Types in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada.

PubMed

Athey, Taryn B T; Teatero, Sarah; Sieswerda, Lee E; Gubbay, Jonathan B; Marchand-Austin, Alex; Li, Aimin; Wasserscheid, Jessica; Dewar, Ken; McGeer, Allison; Williams, David; Fittipaldi, Nahuel

2016-01-01

An outbreak of type emm59 invasive group A Streptococcus (iGAS) disease was declared in 2008 in Thunder Bay District, Northwestern Ontario, 2 years after a countrywide emm59 epidemic was recognized in Canada. Despite a declining number of emm59 infections since 2010, numerous cases of iGAS disease continue to be reported in the area. We collected clinical information on all iGAS cases recorded in Thunder Bay District from 2008 to 2013. We also emm typed and sequenced the genomes of all available strains isolated from 2011 to 2013 from iGAS infections and from severe cases of soft tissue infections. We used whole-genome sequencing data to investigate the population structure of GAS strains of the most frequently isolated emm types. We report an increased incidence of iGAS in Thunder Bay compared to the metropolitan area of Toronto/Peel and the province of Ontario. Illicit drug use, alcohol abuse, homelessness, and hepatitis C infection were underlying diseases or conditions that might have predisposed patients to iGAS disease. Most cases were caused by clonal strains of skin or generalist emm types (i.e., emm82, emm87, emm101, emm4, emm83, and emm114) uncommonly seen in other areas of the province. We observed rapid waxing and waning of emm types causing disease and their replacement by other emm types associated with the same tissue tropisms. Thus, iGAS disease in Thunder Bay District predominantly affects a select population of disadvantaged persons and is caused by clonally related strains of a few skin and generalist emm types less commonly associated with iGAS in other areas of Ontario. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Joint Training for Night Air Warfare

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-10-01

1990), 3 . 32. Capt Mark Sutton , backgroundpaper on Cope Thunder (Hickam AFB, Hawaii : Headquarters PACAF, DCS/Operations, Exercise Plans Division, 2...Report, 6 . 35 . Capt Mark Sutton , Cope Thunder exercise action officer, Headquarters PACAF, Hickam AFB, Hawaii, interview with author, 26 February 1991...NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) Brian W. McLean 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION

Managing Competing Influences: Risk Acceptance in Operation Rolling Thunder

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-12

Managing Competing Influences: Risk Acceptance in Operation Rolling Thunder A Monograph by Major Benjamin C. Williams US Air Force School of...REPORT TYPE Master’s Thesis 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) JUN 2016 – MAY 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Managing Competing Influences: Risk Acceptance in...ANSI Std. Z39.18 ii Monograph Approval Page Name of Candidate: Major Benjamin C. Williams, USAF Monograph Title: Managing Competing Influences

The Library Technician at Work: Theory and Practice; Proceedings of a Workshop (Thunder Bay, Ontario, May 8-9, 1970).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Allan, Ed.; Dawson, Irene, Ed.

On May 8 and 9, 1970, 170 people from six provinces and four states gathered in Thunder Bay, Ontario, at Lakehead University, for a two-day workshop on the subject of library technicians. The objectives of this workshop were: (1) to consider the role of library assistants or technicians and the type of post-secondary school training which they…

Preliminary Design of a Lightning Optical Camera and ThundEr (LOCATE) Sensor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Phanord, Dieudonne D.; Koshak, William J.; Rybski, Paul M.; Arnold, James E. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The preliminary design of an optical/acoustical instrument is described for making highly accurate real-time determinations of the location of cloud-to-ground (CG) lightning. The instrument, named the Lightning Optical Camera And ThundEr (LOCATE) sensor, will also image the clear and cloud-obscured lightning channel produced from CGs and cloud flashes, and will record the transient optical waveforms produced from these discharges. The LOCATE sensor will consist of a full (360 degrees) field-of-view optical camera for obtaining CG channel image and azimuth, a sensitive thunder microphone for obtaining CG range, and a fast photodiode system for time-resolving the lightning optical waveform. The optical waveform data will be used to discriminate CGs from cloud flashes. Together, the optical azimuth and thunder range is used to locate CGs and it is anticipated that a network of LOCATE sensors would determine CG source location to well within 100 meters. All of this would be accomplished for a relatively inexpensive cost compared to present RF lightning location technologies, but of course the range detection is limited and will be quantified in the future. The LOCATE sensor technology would have practical applications for electric power utility companies, government (e.g. NASA Kennedy Space Center lightning safety and warning), golf resort lightning safety, telecommunications, and other industries.

Experimental measurements and finite element models of High Displacement Piezoelectric Actuators.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camargo, Gilberto; Ashford, Gevale; Naco, Eris; Usher, Tim

2004-03-01

Piezoelectric actuators have many applications including morphable wing technology and piezoelectric transformers. A Piezoelectric ceramic is a material that will move when a voltage is applied and conversely produces a charge when a pressure is applied. In our study, we examine THUNDER (Thin Layer Unimorph Ferroelectric Driver and Sensor) actuators (Thunder TM is a trademark of FACE International Corporation.) Thunder actuators are constructed by bonding thin PZT piezoelectric ceramics to metal sheets. We will present physical measurements of piezoelectric actuators, as well as measurements of the displacements due to applied voltages. In our studies we used a laser micrometer to measure the dimensional characteristics of four sizes of THUNDER actuators including TH-8R, TH-9R, TH-10R, and finally the TH-11R. We also developed computer models using a commercial fine element modeling package (FEM) known as ANSYS6.0®. This software enables us to construct our models controlling such attributes as exact dimensions of the three layers of the piezoelectric actuator, the material properties of each element, the type of load that is to be applied as well as the manner in which the layers are bonded together. The computer model compares favorably with the experimental results. Acknowledgements: NASA Grant No. 0051-0078 Department of Defense (DoD) Control No.ISP02-EUG15

"Papa Said That One Day I Would Understand": Examining Child Agency and Character Development in "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" Using Critical Corpus Linguistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardstaff, Sarah

2015-01-01

This paper considers the issue of child agency in Mildred D. Taylor's 1976 novel "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" using a critical corpus linguistics framework based on Halliday's systemic functional linguistics. The novel has long received praise for its portrayal of child agency in a hostile racist society as well as its depiction of a…

Mercury accumulation in biota of Thunder Creek, Saskatchewan

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Munro, D.J.; Gummer, W.D.

Collection of biological organisms was undertaken to investigate the bioaccumulation of mercury in the food chain, the results of which are reported. Two sites were selected on Thunder Creek; the control or background site, site number 2, is located approximately 2.5 km upstream, from site number 1. The selection of organisms for analysis was based on the presence and abundance of each at both locations. Only crayfish (Orconcetes virilis) pearl dace (Semotilus margarita) and brook stickleback (Culaea inconstans) were found to be sufficiently abundant. The importance of the data obtained is the significant difference in concentration between the upstream andmore » downstream sites on Thunder Creek. This difference shows that more mercury is available to the biological community at site number 1 than at site number 2 confirming that mercury in the contaminated sediments is being methylated and taken up into the food chain.« less

Nurses' perceptions of involvement in Thunder Project. American Association of Critical-Care Nurses Thunder Project task force.

PubMed

1995-03-01

The American Association of Critical-Care Nurse's (AACN) Thunder Project was conceptualized and developed to provide critical-care nurses with a research protocol ready for institutional review and implementation. Project goals included providing a research package (protocol, educational, and data collection materials) and a topic of clinical significance to critical-care nurses. Site coordinators and research associates were identified at participating institutions to coordinate and implement all study activities. In this article, an evaluation study undertaken to recount perceptions of site coordinators and research associates in relation to project goals and research experience is described. Data demonstrated that study goals were achieved, and research experience was considered professionally enhancing. Written comments described barriers to project implementation at participating sites. Obtaining informed consent and physician approval and/or cooperation were identified as significant barriers to implementation at some sites.

The main anticancer bullets of the Chinese medicinal herb, thunder god vine.

PubMed

Liu, Zi; Ma, Liang; Zhou, Guang-Biao

2011-06-23

The thunder god vine or Tripterygium wilfordii Hook. F. is a representative Chinese medicinal herb which has been used widely and successfully for centuries in treating inflammatory diseases. More than 100 components have been isolated from this plant, and most of them have potent therapeutic efficacy for a variety of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. In the past four decades, the anticancer activities of the extracts from this medicinal herb have attracted intensive attention by researchers worldwide. The diterpenoid epoxide triptolide and the quinone triterpene celastrol are two important bioactive ingredients that show a divergent therapeutic profile and can perturb multiple signal pathways. Both compounds promise to turn traditional medicines into modern drugs. In this review, we will mainly address the anticancer activities and mechanisms of action of these two agents and briefly describe some other antitumor components of the thunder god vine.

Acoustic localization of triggered lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arechiga, Rene O.; Johnson, Jeffrey B.; Edens, Harald E.; Thomas, Ronald J.; Rison, William

2011-05-01

We use acoustic (3.3-500 Hz) arrays to locate local (<20 km) thunder produced by triggered lightning in the Magdalena Mountains of central New Mexico. The locations of the thunder sources are determined by the array back azimuth and the elapsed time since discharge of the lightning flash. We compare the acoustic source locations with those obtained by the Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) from Langmuir Laboratory, which is capable of accurately locating the lightning channels. To estimate the location accuracy of the acoustic array we performed Monte Carlo simulations and measured the distance (nearest neighbors) between acoustic and LMA sources. For close sources (<5 km) the mean nearest-neighbors distance was 185 m compared to 100 m predicted by the Monte Carlo analysis. For far distances (>6 km) the error increases to 800 m for the nearest neighbors and 650 m for the Monte Carlo analysis. This work shows that thunder sources can be accurately located using acoustic signals.

Experiments and hands-on activities for geoscience observing and measuring by using low-priced instruments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, S. S.; Lin, Y. Y.; Tang-Iunn, S. S.

2016-12-01

In this presentation, we will introduce five experiments and hands-on activities for geoscience observing and measuring by using low-priced and small-sized commercial instruments. The Black Box for Environmental Measuring (BBEM) system is based on Arduino platform, low-power consumption sensors are employed to measure meteorological and environmental parameters. Commercial GPS receiver is used to observe the influence of geomagnetic storms on GPS system. Webcam is an accessible instrument which is suitable for detecting and recording sprites, thunders, and the development of cumulonimbus. Real-time flight trackers and websites are employed to determine the altitude of cloud base. A simple VLF receiver is built by using the audio interface on computer, and the observed signals showed the variations of the D-region of the ionosphere. All these experiments and activities are practical and have been applied in classroom and science outreach in Taiwan.

Reconnaissance Study for the Western Lake Huron Basin, Watershed Study, Michigan, Section 905(b)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-01

Isle, Alpena , Alcona, Iosco, Arenac, Bay, Tuscola, Huron, Sanilac, St. Clair, Midland, and Saginaw. With the exception of Midland and Saginaw Counties...Cheboygan, Presque Isle, Alpena , Alcona, Iosco, Arenac, Bay, Midland, Saginaw, Tuscola, Huron, Sanilac, and St. Clair. The study area includes the... Alpena Harbor. Alpena Harbor is at the mouth of the Thunder Bay River, which empties into Thunder Bay, Lake Huron. The harbor is 100 miles southeast of

Annual Report Fiscal Year 2002 of the Secretary of the Army on Civil Works Activities (1 October 2001 - 30 September 2002)

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-08-04

WI........................................21-2 2. Alpena Harbor, MI .........................................21-3 3. Arcadia Harbor, MI...DISTRICT $292,010 was for new work and $1,701,185 for maintenance. 2. ALPENA HARBOR, MI Location. At mouth of Thunder Bay River which empties into...Thunder Bay, Lake Huron. Harbor is 100 miles southeast of Cheboygan Harbor, MI. River has its source in Montmorency and Alpena Counties, MI. (See

Annual Report Fiscal Year 2003 of the Secretary of the Army on Civil Works Activities (1 October 2004 - 30 September 2005)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-25

the glaciers that covered the Great Lakes region during the last ice age. IMPROVEMENTS Navigation Page 1. Alpena Harbor, MI...21-85 NAVIGATION 1. ALPENA HARBOR, MI Location. At mouth of Thunder Bay River which empties into Thunder Bay, Lake Huron...Harbor is 100 miles southeast of Cheboygan Harbor, MI. River has its source in Montmorency and Alpena Counties, MI. (See NOAA Nautical Chart

A Simple Sensor Model for THUNDER Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Joel F.; Bryant, Robert G.

2009-01-01

A quasi-static (low frequency) model is developed for THUNDER actuators configured as displacement sensors based on a simple Raleigh-Ritz technique. This model is used to calculate charge as a function of displacement. Using this and the calculated capacitance, voltage vs. displacement and voltage vs. electrical load curves are generated and compared with measurements. It is shown this model gives acceptable results and is useful for determining rough estimates of sensor output for various loads, laminate configurations and thicknesses.

The relationship between thunderstorm and solar activity for Brazil from 1951 to 2009

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pinto Neto, Osmar; Pinto, Iara R. C. A.; Pinto, Osmar

2013-06-01

The goal of this article is to investigate the influence of solar activity on thunderstorm activity in Brazil. For this purpose, thunder day data from seven cities in Brazil from 1951 to 2009 are analyzed with the wavelet method for the first time. To identify the 11-year solar cycle in thunder day data, a new quantity is defined. It is named TD1 and represents the power in 1-year in a wavelet spectrum of monthly thunder day data. The wavelet analysis of TD1 values shows more clear the 11-year periodicity than when it is applied directly to annual thunder day data, as it has been normally investigated in the literature. The use of this new quantity is shown to enhance the capability to identify the 11-year periodicity in thunderstorm data. Wavelet analysis of TD1 indicates that six out seven cities investigated exhibit periodicities near 11 years, three of them significant at a 1% significance level (p<0.01). Furthermore, wavelet coherence analysis demonstrated that the 11-year periodicity of TD1 and solar activity are correlated with an anti-phase behavior, three of them (the same cities with periodicities with 1% significance level) significant at a 5% significance level (p<0.05). The results are compared with those obtained from the same data set but using annual thunder day data. Finally, the results are compared with previous results obtained for other regions and a discussion about possible mechanisms to explain them is done. The existence of periodicities around 11 years in six out of seven cities and their anti-phase behavior with respect to 11-year solar cycle suggest a global mechanism probably related to a solar magnetic shielding effect acting on galactic cosmic rays as an explanation for the relationship of thunderstorm and solar activity, although more studies are necessary to clarify its physical origin.

Angioplasty of femoral-popliteal arteries with drug-coated balloons: 5-year follow-up of the THUNDER trial.

PubMed

Tepe, Gunnar; Schnorr, Beatrix; Albrecht, Thomas; Brechtel, Klaus; Claussen, Claus D; Scheller, Bruno; Speck, Ulrich; Zeller, Thomas

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the 5-year follow-up (FU) data of the THUNDER (Local Taxan With Short Time Contact for Reduction of Restenosis in Distal Arteries). The THUNDER trial was the first study to investigate the treatment of femoropopliteal arteries with a paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB). In 154 patients, femoropopliteal arteries were treated with PCB, with angioplasty with paclitaxel in contrast medium, or no paclitaxel (control). The primary endpoint was 6-month late lumen loss (LLL). Secondary endpoints included freedom from target lesion revascularization (TLR), binary restenosis rate, and amputation. The 5-year FU compares outcomes in patients treated with PCB and control subjects. Additionally, LLL at 6 months and TLR up to 5-year FU were analyzed in terms of sex and lesion length. Over the 5-year period, the cumulative number of patients with TLR remained significantly lower in the PCB group (21%) than in the control group (56%, p = 0.0005). In the small group of patients with angiographic and duplex sonographic follow-up, PCB was associated with a lower rate of binary restenosis (17% vs. 54%; p = 0.04). No signs of aneurysm formation or constrictive fibrosis were detected. Whereas LLL at 6-month FU did not differ between men and women in the PCB group, the TLR rate was lower in men than in women at 5-year FU. A benefit of PCB treatment in terms of LLL and TLR was seen independent of lesion length. The reduced TLR rate following PCB treatment was maintained over the 5-year FU period. No signs of drug-related local vessel abnormalities were detected. (Thunder Trial-Local Taxan With Short Time Contact for Reduction of Restenosis in Distal Arteries [THUNDER]; NCT00156624). Copyright © 2015 American College of Cardiology Foundation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

McNamara, Clifford, and the Burdens of Vietnam, 1965-1969 (Secretaries of Defense Historical Series, Volume 6)

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

North Vietnam’s line of communication ( LOC ) by destroying roads, railroads, and bridges. The Chiefs recommended that approval of later phases...Rolling Thunder to increase the cost of the war to the communists. Rolling Thunder 9, launched 2 April, inaugurated the LOC interdiction phase...destruction of three key bridges that created a LOC bottleneck. Indeed, battles with MIGs in North Vietnam’s skies and the prospect of heavy U.S

Advancing research and applications with lightning detection and mapping systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

MacGorman, Donald R.; Goodman, Steven J.

2011-11-01

Southern Thunder 2011 Workshop; Norman, Oklahoma, 11-14 July 2011 The Southern Thunder 2011 (ST11) Workshop was the fourth in a series intended to accelerate research and operational applications made possible by the expanding availability of ground-based and satellite systems that detect and map all types of lightning (in-cloud and cloud-to-ground). This community workshop, first held in 2004, brings together lightning data providers, algorithm developers, and operational users in government, academia, and industry.

Modelling digital thunder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blanco, Francesco; La Rocca, Paola; Petta, Catia; Riggi, Francesco

2009-01-01

An educational model simulation of the sound produced by lightning in the sky has been employed to demonstrate realistic signatures of thunder and its connection to the particular structure of the lightning channel. Algorithms used in the past have been revisited and implemented, making use of current computer techniques. The basic properties of the mathematical model, together with typical results and suggestions for additional developments are discussed. The paper is intended as a teaching aid for students and teachers in the context of introductory physics courses at university level.

Project CHECO Southeast Asia Report. Rolling Thunder, July 1965 - December 1966

DTIC Science & Technology

1967-07-15

USAF and Hq SAC for their radar film libraries. Since the SEA area was relatively unphotographed by radar, this coverage was of vital importance...over the stereotyped tactics employed in our attacks against North Vietnamese targets. Pilots involved in these strikes were unanimous in their views...struck. Efforts would be made to provide jet aircraft pick-up immediately following film processing in order to expedite dispatch to Washington

Fabrication and characterization of THUNDER actuators—pre-stress-induced nonlinearity in the actuation response

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Younghoon; Cai, Ling; Usher, Timothy; Jiang, Qing

2009-09-01

This paper documents an experimental and theoretical investigation into characterizing the mechanical configurations and performances of THUNDER actuators, a type of piezoelectric actuator known for their large actuation displacements, through fabrication, measurements and finite element analysis. Five groups of such actuators with different dimensions were fabricated using identical fabrication parameters. The as-fabricated arched configurations, resulting from the thermo-mechanical mismatch among the constituent layers, and their actuation performances were characterized using an experimental set-up based on a laser displacement sensor and through numerical simulations with ANSYS, a widely used commercial software program for finite element analysis. This investigation shows that the presence of large residual stresses within the piezoelectric ceramic layer, built up during the fabrication process, leads to significant nonlinear electromechanical coupling in the actuator response to the driving electric voltage, and it is this nonlinear coupling that is responsible for the large actuation displacements. Furthermore, the severity of the residual stresses, and thus the nonlinearity, increases with increasing substrate/piezoelectric thickness ratio and, to a lesser extent, with decreasing in-plane dimensions of the piezoelectric layer.

First images of thunder: Acoustic imaging of triggered lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dayeh, M. A.; Evans, N. D.; Fuselier, S. A.; Trevino, J.; Ramaekers, J.; Dwyer, J. R.; Lucia, R.; Rassoul, H. K.; Kotovsky, D. A.; Jordan, D. M.; Uman, M. A.

2015-07-01

An acoustic camera comprising a linear microphone array is used to image the thunder signature of triggered lightning. Measurements were taken at the International Center for Lightning Research and Testing in Camp Blanding, FL, during the summer of 2014. The array was positioned in an end-fire orientation thus enabling the peak acoustic reception pattern to be steered vertically with a frequency-dependent spatial resolution. On 14 July 2014, a lightning event with nine return strokes was successfully triggered. We present the first acoustic images of individual return strokes at high frequencies (>1 kHz) and compare the acoustically inferred profile with optical images. We find (i) a strong correlation between the return stroke peak current and the radiated acoustic pressure and (ii) an acoustic signature from an M component current pulse with an unusual fast rise time. These results show that acoustic imaging enables clear identification and quantification of thunder sources as a function of lightning channel altitude.

Observations of energitic radiation bursts from thunder activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuchiya, H.; Enoto, T.; Torii, T.; Yuasa, T.; Yamada, S.; Kitacuhi, T.; Nakazawa, K.; Kato, H.; Okano, M.; Makishima, K.

2009-04-01

Energetic radiation bursts have been observed during strong thunderstorms by ground-based detectors as well as high-mountain ones. Those radiation bursts are thought to result from runaway electrons originating from electrons accelerated by strong electric field in lightning discharges and thunderclouds, and hence provide a valuable key to understand particle acceleration in thunder activity. Interestingly, they can be categorized into two bursts by their duration. One consists of short bursts lasting for milli-seconds or less. The other comprises long bursts having duration of a few seconds. In order to better understand both short and long bursts, we have conducted experiments at coastal area of the Japan Sea and a 2770-m altitude observatory. In this talk, we will report on those experiments, showing the two experiments has successfully observed both short and long bursts. Especially, we will focus on high-energy radiations extending over MeV energies, and then discuss a plausible model to explain how those high-energy radiations are produced in thunder activity.

Community rheumatology practice in Thunder Bay: a Canadian experience from northwestern Ontario.

PubMed

Koehler, M G; Koehler, B E

1981-01-01

The practice experience of a rheumatologist in Thunder Bay, within the well-defined, relatively isolated area of Northwestern Ontario, is described. The population base of approximately 200,000 results in a waiting period for elective consultations of 3 months. (The number of other consultants for musculoskeletal problems in the community compares favorably with national and provincial ratios.) The majority of patients had well-defined rheumatic diseases. Nonarticular rheumatism comprised a relatively small proportion of visits. A ratio of 1 rheumatologist: 100,000 population would seem to be a realistic one.

'Thunder' - Shock waves in pre-biological organic synthesis.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bar-Nun, A.; Tauber, M. E.

1972-01-01

Theoretical study of the gasdynamics and chemistry of lightning-produced shock waves in a postulated primordial reducing atmosphere. It is shown that the conditions are similar to those encountered in a previously performed shock-tube experiment which resulted in 36% of the ammonia in the original mixture being converted into amino acids. The calculations give the (very large) energy rate of about 0.4 cal/sq cm/yr available for amino acid production, supporting previous hypotheses that 'thunder' could have been responsible for efficient large-scale production of organic molecules serving as precursors of life.

Autonomic, endocrine and behavioural responses to thunder in laboratory and companion dogs.

PubMed

Franzini de Souza, Carla Caroline; Maccariello, Carolina Elisabetta Martins; Dias, Daniel Penteado Martins; Almeida, Norma Aparecida Dos Santos; Medeiros, Magda Alves de

2017-02-01

Dogs are highly sensitive to sound stimuli, especially fireworks, firearms, and thunder, and therefore these sounds are used as models of stress reactivity in dogs. Companion and laboratory dogs may respond differently to stressful stimuli, due to differences in management and their relationship with humans. Therefore, the reactivity of beagle dogs (laboratory) and companion dogs to an acute acoustic stress model was studied by analysing the heart rate variability (HRV; cardiac interval values), serum cortisol levels and various behavioural parameters. Eight beagles and six privately owned dogs with no history of phobia to thunder were used. The sound stimulus consisted of a standardized recording of thunder for 2.5min with a maximum intensity of 103-104dB. To evaluate the HRV, cardiac intervals were recorded using a frequency meter (Polar RS800CX model), and later the data were analysed using CardioSeries 2.4.1 software. In both laboratory and companion dogs, thunder promoted an increase in the power of the LF band of the cardiac interval spectrum, in the LF/HF ratio and in the HR, and a decrease in the power of the HF band of the cardiac interval spectrum. Companion dogs showed higher cortisol levels, than beagles, independently of the time point studied and a significant increase in the cortisol levels 15min after acoustic stress, while beagles did not show any alterations in their cortisol levels in response to the sound. On the other hand, beagles showed higher scores in the trembling, hiding, vigilance, running, salivation, bolting and startle parameters than companion dogs. Our results showed that independently of the sound stimulus, companion dogs had higher cortisol levels than laboratory dogs. Furthermore, the sound stimulus induced a marked autonomic imbalance towards sympathetic predominance in both laboratory and companion dogs. However a significant increase in the cortisol was observed only in companion dogs. On the other hand, in general the behavioural response was more pronounced in laboratory dogs than in companion dogs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Sounds of earthquakes in West Bohemia: analysis of sonic and infrasonic records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fischer, Tomáš; Vilhelm, Jan; Kuna, Václav; Chum, Jaroslav; Horálek, Josef

2013-04-01

Earthquake sounds are usually observed during the occurrence of small earthquakes. The observations of audible manifestations of earthquakes date back to the ancient age and have been recently analyzed in more detail based both on macroseismic observations and audio recordings. In most cases the earthquake sounds resemble low-frequency underground thundering that is generated by seismic-acoustic conversion of P and SV waves at the earth surface. This is also supported by the fact that earthquake sounds usually precede shaking caused by S-waves. The less frequent are explosion-type sounds whose origin remains unclear. We analyze the observations of sounds associating the occurrence of earthquake swarms in the area of West Bohemia/Vogtland, Central Europe. Macroseismic data include 250 reports of sounds with 90% thundering and 10% of explosions. Additional data consist of sonic and infrasonic records acquired by microphones and microbarographs at seismic stations in the area. All the sonic and infrasonic records correspond to sounds of the thunder type; no explosions were recorded. Comparison of these records enabled to determine the seismic wave - air pressure transfer function. The measurements using a 3D microphone array confirm that in the epicentral area the sonic wave is propagating subvertically. We also compared the coda of seismograms and sonic records. It turned out that additional to seismo-acoustic coupling, a later acoustic wave of thunder type arrives at the observation site whose arrival time corresponds to sonic propagation from the epicenter. We analyse the possible generation mechanisms of this type of sonic wave.

[Observation on therapeutic effect of moxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick on xerophthalmia of oligodacrya].

PubMed

Chen, Lu-Quan

2008-08-01

To observe clinical therapeutic effect of moxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick on xerophthalmia of oligodacrya. Seventy cases were randomly divided into an observation group and a control group. The observation group (n=36) were treated with moxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick at Cuanzhu (BL 2), Yuyao (EX-HN 4), Tongziliao (GB 1), Taiyang (EX-HN 5), Sibai (ST 2), Jingming (BL 1), etc. and massage of acupoints and lacrimal gland around the eye. The control group (n=34) were treated with local dripping Leiran Diyanye. Changes of the main symptoms, tears secretion test, lacrimal membrane breaking time and corneal fluorescent staining before and after treatment were observed in the two groups. After treatment, sensation of dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye, asthenopia and gross symptoms significantly improved (P<0.01) in the two groups, and the observation group in the improvement of the sensation of dryness and foreign body sensation in the eye and the gross symptoms was better than the control group (P<0.05); tears secretion test significantly improved and was better in the observation group than that in the control group (P<0.05); lacrimal membrane breaking time and corneal fluorescent staining were improved in the two groups (P<0.05), and the improvement of lacrimal membrane breaking time in the observation group was more obvious than that in the control group (P<0.05). Moxibustion with thunder-fire herbal moxa stick has good therapeutic effect on xerophthalmia of oligodacrya.

Modeling and Characterization of Geometric Effects on the Performance of Rainbow and Thunder Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwartz, Robert W.; Ballato, J.; Northwang, W. D.; Laoratanakul, P.

2000-01-01

Dome formation in Rainbow and Thunder actuators occurs to relieve thermal expansion mismatch stress between the metallic and piezoelectric layers during cooling from device fabrication temperatures. Accompanying this process is the generation of an internal stress profile within the devices and the development of significant tensile stresses within the surface region of the piezoelectric. These tensile stresses affect the domain configuration (ratio of c-to-a domains), and improve the 90 deg. domain wall movement response of the device in this region of the piezoelectric. This results in improved electromechanical performance compared to standard direct extensional and flextensional devices, presumably because of the contributions of stress to the non-linearity of the piezoelectric d-coefficients. 1 Interestingly, this improvement in response seems counterintuitive; a stress perpendicular to the direction of the applied electric field should impede, not contribute to 90' domain switching. Further consideration of the lower region of the piezoelectric that is under compressive stress thus appears warranted. The specified objectives of the research were to: 1. Conduct finite element and equivalent circuit simulation-based investigations to understand the effects of actuator geometry on internal stress distribution and actuator performance (displacement and load-bearing capabilities). 2. Use the results of the modeling studies to predict the processing conditions (geometry and thickness ratio) required for the fabrication of Rainbow ceramics with optimized performance.

[Origin and evolution of the thunder-fire moxibustion therapy].

PubMed

Xue, Hao; Zhang, Jianbin; Chen, Renshou

2018-04-12

Through analyzing the origin and evolution of the thunder-fire moxibustion therapy, the mysteries and misunderstandings of it were revealed. As a result, a more objective and comprehensive recognition of this ancient therapy was displayed to the people nowadays. The thunder-fire moxibustion therapy maybe originate from the Taoism magic arts before the Yuan Dynasty and became matured in the middle of the Ming Dynasty. Two categories were divided during the long-term evolution in the history. In one category, the peach twig was taken as the moxa material rather than moxa stick and the incantation of Taoism remained. Regarding the other category, the herbal medicine was mixed in the moxa stick and the herbal composition was relatively specified. The incantation was removed. The moxibustion in the first category vanished at the end of the Ming Dynasty. The latter one kept on development from the middle of the Ming Dynasty through the modern times. Additionally, the herbal composition of moxa material has been modified; the indication enlarged and the operation improved. This therapy is still developed and applied by many doctors at the present times.

Low-Field and High-Field Characterization of THUNDER Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ounaies, Z.; Mossi, K.; Smith, R.; Bernd, J.; Bushnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

THUNDER (THin UNimorph DrivER) actuators are pre-stressed piezoelectric devices developed at NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) that exhibit enhanced strain capabilities. As a result, they are of interest in a variety of aerospace applications. Characterization of their performance as a function of electric field, temperature and frequency is needed in order to optimize their operation. Towards that end, a number of THUNDER devices were obtained from FACE International Co. with a stainless steel substrate varying in thickness from 1 mil to 20 mils. The various devices were evaluated to determine low-field and high-field displacement its well as the polarization hysteresis loops. The thermal stability of these drivers was evaluated by two different methods. First, the samples were thermally cycled under electric field by systematically increasing the maximum temperature from 25 C to 200 C while the displacement was being measured. Second, the samples were isothermally aged at 0 C, 50 C, 100 C. and 150 C in air, and the isothermal decay of the displacement was measured at room temperature as a function of time.

Quasi-Static Analysis of Round LaRC THUNDER Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Joel F.

2007-01-01

An analytic approach is developed to predict the shape and displacement with voltage in the quasi-static limit of round LaRC Thunder Actuators. The problem is treated with classical lamination theory and Von Karman non-linear analysis. In the case of classical lamination theory exact analytic solutions are found. It is shown that classical lamination theory is insufficient to describe the physical situation for large actuators but is sufficient for very small actuators. Numerical results are presented for the non-linear analysis and compared with experimental measurements. Snap-through behavior, bifurcation, and stability are presented and discussed.

Quasi-Static Analysis of LaRC THUNDER Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Joel F.

2007-01-01

An analytic approach is developed to predict the shape and displacement with voltage in the quasi-static limit of LaRC Thunder Actuators. The problem is treated with classical lamination theory and Von Karman non-linear analysis. In the case of classical lamination theory exact analytic solutions are found. It is shown that classical lamination theory is insufficient to describe the physical situation for large actuators but is sufficient for very small actuators. Numerical results are presented for the non-linear analysis and compared with experimental measurements. Snap-through behavior, bifurcation, and stability are presented and discussed.

Non-Linear Finite Element Modeling of THUNDER Piezoelectric Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taleghani, Barmac K.; Campbell, Joel F.

1999-01-01

A NASTRAN non-linear finite element model has been developed for predicting the dome heights of THUNDER (THin Layer UNimorph Ferroelectric DrivER) piezoelectric actuators. To analytically validate the finite element model, a comparison was made with a non-linear plate solution using Von Karmen's approximation. A 500 volt input was used to examine the actuator deformation. The NASTRAN finite element model was also compared with experimental results. Four groups of specimens were fabricated and tested. Four different input voltages, which included 120, 160, 200, and 240 Vp-p with a 0 volts offset, were used for this comparison.

Acoustic signature of thunder from seismic records

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kappus, Mary E.; Vernon, Frank L.

1991-06-01

Thunder, the sound wave through the air associated with lightning, transfers sufficient energy to the ground to trigger seismometers set to record regional earthquakes. The acoustic signature recorded on seismometers, in the form of ground velocity as a function of time, contains the same type features as pressure variations recorded with microphones in air. At a seismic station in Kislovodsk, USSR, a nearly direct lightning strike caused electronic failure of borehole instruments while leaving a brief impulsive acoustic signature on the surface instruments. The peak frequency of 25-55 Hz is consistent with previously published values for cloud-to-ground lightning strikes, but spectra from this station are contaminated by very strong wind noise in this band. A thunderstorm near a similar station in Karasu triggered more than a dozen records of individual lightning strikes during a 2-hour period. The spectra for these events are fairly broadband, with peaks at low frequencies, varying from 6 to 13 Hz. The spectra were all computed by multitaper analysis, which deals appropriately with the nonstationary thunder signal. These independent measurements of low-frequency peaks corroborate the occasional occurrences in traditional microphone records, but a theory concerning the physical mechanism to account for them is still in question. Examined separately, the individual claps in each record have similar frequency distributions, discounting a need for multiple mechanisms to explain different phases of the thunder sequence. Particle motion, determined from polarization analysis of the three-component records, is predominantly vertical downward, with smaller horizontal components indicative of the direction to the lightning bolt. In three of the records the azimuth to the lightning bolt changes with time, confirming a significant horizontal component to the lightning channel itself.

Science & Technology Review November 2006

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Radousky, H

This months issue has the following articles: (1) Expanded Supercomputing Maximizes Scientific Discovery--Commentary by Dona Crawford; (2) Thunder's Power Delivers Breakthrough Science--Livermore's Thunder supercomputer allows researchers to model systems at scales never before possible. (3) Extracting Key Content from Images--A new system called the Image Content Engine is helping analysts find significant but hard-to-recognize details in overhead images. (4) Got Oxygen?--Oxygen, especially oxygen metabolism, was key to evolution, and a Livermore project helps find out why. (5) A Shocking New Form of Laserlike Light--According to research at Livermore, smashing a crystal with a shock wave can result in coherent light.

Neglected infectious diseases in Aboriginal communities: Haemophilus influenzae serotype a and Helicobacter pylori.

PubMed

Ulanova, Marina; Tsang, Raymond; Altman, Eleonora

2012-11-19

This report describes proceedings of a workshop entitled "Neglected Infectious Diseases in Aboriginal Communities" which took place in Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, on October 12, 2011. This workshop was jointly organized by the National Research Council of Canada (NRC), the National Microbiology Laboratory (Public Health Agency of Canada) and Northern Ontario School of Medicine (NOSM) with participants from the Medical Sciences Division and Clinical Sciences Division of NOSM, NRC, National Microbiology Laboratory (NML), Public Health Laboratory (Thunder Bay), Thunder Bay District Health Unit, and Regional Health Survey at Chiefs of Ontario. The main purpose of the workshop was to summarize the current state of knowledge on two less publicized infectious disease agents afflicting Canadian Aboriginal communities: Haemophilus influenzae serotype a (Hia) and Helicobacter pylori. Another highlight of this workshop was the discussion on novel approaches for vaccination strategies in the control and prevention of such disease agents. In conclusion, a long-term collaborative research framework was established between NRC, NML and NOSM to develop carbohydrate-based vaccines against these pathogens that may benefit the health of Canadian Aboriginal peoples and other population groups at risk. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Prestressed curved actuators: characterization and modeling of their piezoelectric behavior

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mossi, Karla M.; Ounaies, Zoubeida; Smith, Ralph C.; Ball, Brian

2003-08-01

Pre-stressed curved actuators consist of a piezoelectric ceramic (lead zirconate titanate or PZT) sandwiched between various substrates and other top layers. In one configuration, the substrates are stainless steel with a top layer made with aluminum (THUNDER). In another configuration, the substrates and top are based on fiberglass and carbon composite layers (Lipca-C2). Due to their enhanced strain capabilities, these pre-stressed piezoelectric devices are of interest in a variety of aerospace applications. Their performance as a function of electric field, temperature and frequency is needed in order to optimize their operation. During the processing steps, a mismatch between the properties of the various layers leads to pre-stressing of the PZT layer. These internal stresses, combined with restricted lateral motion, are shown to enhance the axial displacement. The goal is to gain an understanding of the resulting piezoelectric behavior over a range of voltages, and frequencies. A nonlinear model, which quantifies the displacements generated in THUNDER actuators in response to applied voltages for a variety of boundary conditions, is developed. The model utilizes a hysteretic electric field-polarization relationship and predicts displacements based on the geometry and physical characteristics of the actuator components. The accuracy of the model and associated numerical method is demonstrated through comparison with experimental data.

Lightning on jupiter: rate, energetics, and effects.

PubMed

Lewis, J S

1980-12-19

Voyager data on the optical and radio-frequency detection of lightning discharges in the atmosphere of Jupiter suggest a stroke rate significantly lower than on the earth. The efficiency of conversion of atmospheric convective energy flux into lightning is almost certainly less than on the earth, probably near 10(-7) rather than the terrestrial value of 10(-4). At this level the rate of production of complex organic molecules by lightning and by thunder shock waves is negligible compared to the rates of known photochemical processes for forming colored inorganic solids.

Solar rotational cycle in lightning activity in Japan during the 18-19th centuries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyahara, Hiroko; Kataoka, Ryuho; Mikami, Takehiko; Zaiki, Masumi; Hirano, Junpei; Yoshimura, Minoru; Aono, Yasuyuki; Iwahashi, Kiyomi

2018-04-01

Thunderstorm and cloud activities sometimes show a 27-day period, and this has long been studied to uncover a possible important link to solar rotation. Because the 27-day variations in the solar forcing parameters such as solar ultraviolet and galactic cosmic rays become more prominent when the solar activity is high, it is expected that the signal of the 27-day period in meteorological phenomena may wax and wane according to the changes in the solar activity level. In this study, we examine in detail the intensity variations in the signal of the 27-day solar rotational period in thunder and lightning activity from the 18th to the 19th centuries based on 150-year-long records found in old diaries kept in Japan and discuss their relation with the solar activity levels. Such long records enable us to examine the signals of solar rotation at both high and low solar activity levels. We found that the signal of the solar rotational period in the thunder and lightning activity increases as the solar activity increases. In this study, we also discuss the possibility of the impact of the long-term climatological conditions on the signals of the 27-day period in thunder/lightning activities.

A Feasibility Study to Control Airfoil Shape Using THUNDER

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinkerton, Jennifer L.; Moses, Robert W.

1997-01-01

The objective of this study was to assess the capabilities of a new out-of-plane displacement piezoelectric actuator called thin-layer composite-unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor (THUNDER) to alter the upper surface geometry of a subscale airfoil to enhance performance under aerodynamic loading. Sixty test conditions, consisting of combinations of five angles of attack, four dc applied voltages, and three tunnel velocities, were studied in a tabletop wind tunnel. Results indicated that larger magnitudes of applied voltage produced larger wafer displacements. Wind-off displacements were also consistently larger than wind-on. Higher velocities produced larger displacements than lower velocities because of increased upper surface suction. Increased suction also resulted in larger displacements at higher angles of attack. Creep and hysteresis of the wafer, which were identified at each test condition, contributed to larger negative displacements for all negative applied voltages and larger positive displacements for the smaller positive applied voltage (+102 V). An elastic membrane used to hold the wafer to the upper surface hindered displacements at the larger positive applied voltage (+170 V). Both creep and hysteresis appeared bounded based on the analysis of several displacement cycles. These results show that THUNDER can be used to alter the camber of a small airfoil under aerodynamic loads.

Dog-appeasing pheromone collars reduce sound-induced fear and anxiety in beagle dogs: a placebo-controlled study.

PubMed

Landsberg, G M; Beck, A; Lopez, A; Deniaud, M; Araujo, J A; Milgram, N W

2015-09-12

The objective of the study was to assess the effects of a dog-appeasing pheromone (DAP) collar in reducing sound-induced fear and anxiety in a laboratory model of thunderstorm simulation. Twenty-four beagle dogs naïve to the current test were divided into two treatment groups (DAP and placebo) balanced on their fear score in response to a thunderstorm recording. Each group was then exposed to two additional thunderstorm simulation tests on consecutive days. Dogs were video-assessed by a trained observer on a 6-point scale for active, passive and global fear and anxiety (combined). Both global and active fear and anxiety scores were significantly improved during and following thunder compared with placebo on both test days. DAP significantly decreased global fear and anxiety across 'during' and 'post' thunder times when compared with baseline. There was no significant improvement in the placebo group from baseline on the test days. In addition, the DAP group showed significantly greater use of the hide box at any time with increased exposure compared with the placebo group. The DAP collar reduced the scores of fear and anxiety, and increased hide use in response to a thunder recording, possibly by counteracting noise-related increased reactivity. British Veterinary Association.

Dog-appeasing pheromone collars reduce sound-induced fear and anxiety in beagle dogs: a placebo-controlled study

PubMed Central

Landsberg, G. M.; Beck, A.; Lopez, A.; Deniaud, M.; Araujo, J. A.; Milgram, N. W.

2015-01-01

The objective of the study was to assess the effects of a dog-appeasing pheromone (DAP) collar in reducing sound-induced fear and anxiety in a laboratory model of thunderstorm simulation. Twenty-four beagle dogs naïve to the current test were divided into two treatment groups (DAP and placebo) balanced on their fear score in response to a thunderstorm recording. Each group was then exposed to two additional thunderstorm simulation tests on consecutive days. Dogs were video-assessed by a trained observer on a 6-point scale for active, passive and global fear and anxiety (combined). Both global and active fear and anxiety scores were significantly improved during and following thunder compared with placebo on both test days. DAP significantly decreased global fear and anxiety across ‘during’ and ‘post’ thunder times when compared with baseline. There was no significant improvement in the placebo group from baseline on the test days. In addition, the DAP group showed significantly greater use of the hide box at any time with increased exposure compared with the placebo group. The DAP collar reduced the scores of fear and anxiety, and increased hide use in response to a thunder recording, possibly by counteracting noise-related increased reactivity. PMID:26311736

Effect of Thunder-Fire Moxibustion on Pain, Quality of Life, and Tension of Multifidus in Patients with Primary Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

PubMed

Xu, Dao-Ming; Xu, Huaning; Liu, Jing; Wang, Tong; Wu, Wenzhong; Liu, Lanying; Tian, Qianmo; Li, Hanjun; Zhang, Lili; Cao, Yana

2018-05-08

BACKGROUND Primary osteoporosis is a common disease among postmenopausal women and the elderly; low back pain is the most typical clinical manifestation an is the primary reason for a clinic visit, and directly affects patients' quality of life. Anti-osteoporosis medications have undesirable side effects, and many kinds of special traditional Chinese moxibustion methods have been widely used in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis low back pain. The purpose of this study was to observe whether thunder-fire moxibustion therapy, compared to calcium supplements alone, can ease osteoporosis low back pain, improve quality of life, and reduce tension of the multifidus. MATERIAL AND METHODS Sixty-three eligible patients were enrolled in the study (7 of these patients did not finish the study and are not included in analysis). Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: a moxibustion group that received calcium carbonate D3 and thunder-fire moxibustion therapy, and a control group that received calcium carbonate D3 only. Level of pain experienced, assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and quality of life (SF-36) were measured pre-treatment, at the end of 4 weeks of treatment, and at a 1-month post-treatment evaluation. Changes in values of Young's modulus of the multifidus were also collected before and after treatment. RESULTS After 4 weeks of treatment and at 1 month after treatment had ended, low back pain in both groups was reduced relative to pre-treatment levels. The moxibustion group was significantly improved at BP, GH, SF, and MH dimensions compared to pre-treatment levels. The control group improved in BP dimensions, but not to the same extent as the moxibustion group. Similarly, after treatment for 4 weeks with moxibustion, multifidus tension was significantly reduced. CONCLUSIONS Thunder-fire moxibustion is an effective method for treating low back pain due to primary osteoporosis.

Effect of Thunder-Fire Moxibustion on Pain, Quality of Life, and Tension of Multifidus in Patients with Primary Osteoporosis: A Randomized Controlled Trial

PubMed Central

Xu, Daoming; Xu, Huaning; Liu, Jing; Liu, Lanying; Tian, Qianmo; Li, Hanjun; Zhang, Lili; Cao, Yana

2018-01-01

Background Primary osteoporosis is a common disease among postmenopausal women and the elderly; low back pain is the most typical clinical manifestation an is the primary reason for a clinic visit, and directly affects patients’ quality of life. Anti-osteoporosis medications have undesirable side effects, and many kinds of special traditional Chinese moxibustion methods have been widely used in the clinical treatment of osteoporosis low back pain. The purpose of this study was to observe whether thunder-fire moxibustion therapy, compared to calcium supplements alone, can ease osteoporosis low back pain, improve quality of life, and reduce tension of the multifidus. Material/Methods Sixty-three eligible patients were enrolled in the study (7 of these patients did not finish the study and are not included in analysis). Participants were randomly divided into 2 groups: a moxibustion group that received calcium carbonate D3 and thunder-fire moxibustion therapy, and a control group that received calcium carbonate D3 only. Level of pain experienced, assessed using the visual analogue scale (VAS), and quality of life (SF-36) were measured pre-treatment, at the end of 4 weeks of treatment, and at a 1-month post-treatment evaluation. Changes in values of Young’s modulus of the multifidus were also collected before and after treatment. Results After 4 weeks of treatment and at 1 month after treatment had ended, low back pain in both groups was reduced relative to pre-treatment levels. The moxibustion group was significantly improved at BP, GH, SF, and MH dimensions compared to pre-treatment levels. The control group improved in BP dimensions, but not to the same extent as the moxibustion group. Similarly, after treatment for 4 weeks with moxibustion, multifidus tension was significantly reduced. Conclusions Thunder-fire moxibustion is an effective method for treating low back pain due to primary osteoporosis. PMID:29735964

[Accidents of fulguration].

PubMed

Virenque, C; Laguerre, J

1976-01-01

Fulguration, first electric accident in which the man was a victim, is to day better known. A clap of thunder is decomposed in two elements: lightning, and thunder. Lightning is caused by an electrical discharge, either within a cloud, or between two clouds, or, above all, between a cloud and the surface of the ground. Experimental equipments owned by the French Electricity Company and by the Atomic Energy Commission, have allowed to photograph lightnings and to measure certain physical characteristics (Intensity variable between 25 to 100 kA, voltage variable between 20 to 1 000 kV). The frequency of storms was learned: the isokeraunic level, in France, is about 20, meaning that thunder is heard twenty days during one year. Man may be stricken by thunder by direct hit, by sudden bursting, by earth current, or through various conductors. The electric charge which reached him may go to the earth directly by contact with the ground or may dissipate in the air through a bony promontory (elbow). The total number of victims, "wounded" or deceased, is not now known by statistics. Death comes by insulation breakdown of one of several anatomic cephalic formations: skull, meninx, brain. Many various lesions may happen in survivors: loss of consciousness, more or less long, sensorial or motion deficiencies. All these signs are momentary and generally reversible. Besides one may observe much more intense lesions on the skin: burns and, over all, characteristic aborescence (skin effect by high frequency current). The heart is protected, contrarily to what happens with industrial electrocution. The curative treatment is merely symptomatic : reanimation, surgery for burns or associated traumatic lesions. A prevention is researched to help the lonely man, in the country or in the mountains in the houses (lightning conductor, Faraday cage), in vehicles (aircraft, cars, ships). The mysterious and unforseeable character of lightning still stays, leaving a door opened for numerous investigations.

Western Canadian coals to eastern markets: to and through Thunder Bay terminal

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Michaud, M.; Farrugia, M.A.

Remoteness of western Canadian coals has always been a barrier to the use of Canadian coals domestically. However, the world energy crunch, increased mining costs, stricter environmental controls, labor shortages, etc., are such that by 1980 a shortfall from traditional U.S. sources will prevail. Of necessity, Canada must then bring western coals east, requiring major new transportation initiatives. CN, CP Rail and Neptune Terminals are proceeding jointly with the design of a $30 million, fully automated, coal terminal at Thunder Bay. This element forms part of a $400 million integral transportation system to open new lines, improve trackage, acquire rollingmore » stock and ships, for an initial capacity of 3 million tpy.« less

A Model of the THUNDER Actuator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Curtis, Alan R. D.

1997-01-01

A THUNDER actuator is a composite of three thin layers, a metal base, a piezoelectric wafer and a metal top cover, bonded together under pressure and at high temperature with the LaRC SI polyimid adhesive. When a voltage is applied between the metal layers across the PZT the actuator will bend and can generate a force. This document develops and describes an analytical model the transduction properties of THUNDER actuators. The model development is divided into three sections. First, a static model is described that relates internal stresses and strains and external displacements to the thermal pre-stress and applied voltage. Second, a dynamic energy based model is described that allows calculation of the resonance frequencies, developed force and electrical input impedance. Finally, a fully coupled electro-mechanical transducer model is described. The model development proceeds by assuming that both the thermal pre-stress and the piezoelectric actuation cause the actuator to deform in a pure bend in a single plane. It is useful to think of this as a two step process, the actuator is held flat, differential stresses induce a bending moment, the actuator is released and it bends. The thermal pre-stress is caused by the different amounts that the constituent layers shrink due to their different coefficients of thermal expansion. The adhesive between layers sets at a high temperature and as the actuator cools, the metal layers shrink more than the PZT. The PZT layer is put into compression while the metal layers are in tension. The piezoelectric actuation has a similar effect. An applied voltage causes the PZT layer to strain, which in turn strains the two metal layers. If the PZT layer expands it will put the metal layers into tension and PZT layer into compression. In both cases, if shear force effects are neglected, the actuator assembly will experience a uniform in-plane strain. As the materials each have a different elastic modulus, different stresses will develop in each layer and these stresses will induce a bending moment. When the actuator is released from its flat configuration, the differential stresses are relieved as the actuator bends.

Lightning Location Using Acoustic Signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Badillo, E.; Arechiga, R. O.; Thomas, R. J.

2013-05-01

In the summer of 2011 and 2012 a network of acoustic arrays was deployed in the Magdalena mountains of central New Mexico to locate lightning flashes. A Times-Correlation (TC) ray-tracing-based-technique was developed in order to obtain the location of lightning flashes near the network. The TC technique, locates acoustic sources from lightning. It was developed to complement the lightning location of RF sources detected by the Lightning Mapping Array (LMA) developed at Langmuir Laboratory, in New Mexico Tech. The network consisted of four arrays with four microphones each. The microphones on each array were placed in a triangular configuration with one of the microphones in the center of the array. The distance between the central microphone and the rest of them was about 30 m. The distance between centers of the arrays ranged from 500 m to 1500 m. The TC technique uses times of arrival (TOA) of acoustic waves to trace back the location of thunder sources. In order to obtain the times of arrival, the signals were filtered in a frequency band of 2 to 20 hertz and cross-correlated. Once the times of arrival were obtained, the Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was applied to locate the spatial coordinates (x,y, and z) of thunder sources. Two techniques were used and contrasted to compute the accuracy of the TC method: Nearest-Neighbors (NN), between acoustic and LMA located sources, and standard deviation from the curvature matrix of the system as a measure of dispersion of the results. For the best case scenario, a triggered lightning event, the TC method applied with four microphones, located sources with a median error of 152 m and 142.9 m using nearest-neighbors and standard deviation respectively.; Results of the TC method in the lightning event recorded at 18:47:35 UTC, August 6, 2012. Black dots represent the results computed. Light color dots represent the LMA data for the same event. The results were obtained with the MGTM station (four channels). This figure shows a map of Altitude vs Longitude (in km).

Movement patterns and spatial segregation of two populations of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush in Lake Huron

USGS Publications Warehouse

Binder, Thomas; Marsden, J. Ellen; Riley, Stephen; Johnson, James E.; Johnson, Nicholas; He, Ji; Ebener, Mark P.; Holbrook, Christopher; Bergstedt, Roger A.; Bronte, Charles R.; Hayden, Todd A.; Krueger, Charles C.

2017-01-01

Movement ecology is an important component of life history and population dynamics, and consequently its understanding can inform successful fishery management decision-making. While lake trout populations in Lake Huron have shown signs of recovery from near extinction in recent years, knowledge of their movement behavior remains incomplete. We used acoustic telemetry to describe and compare movement patterns of two Lake Huron lake trout populations: Drummond Island and Thunder Bay. Both populations showed high spawning site fidelity, with no evidence of co-mingling during non-spawning season. Detections between spawning periods were mainly limited to receivers within 100 km of spawning locations, and suggested that the two populations likely remained segregated throughout the year. Drummond Island fish, which spawn inside the Drummond Island Refuge, primarily dispersed east into Canadian waters of Lake Huron, with 79–92% of fish being detected annually on receivers outside the refuge. In contrast, Thunder Bay fish tended to disperse south towards Saginaw Bay. Large proportions (i.e., > 80%) of both populations were available to fisheries outside the management zone containing their spawning location. Thunder Bay fish moved relatively quickly to overwinter habitat after spawning, and tended to repeat the same post-spawning movement behavior each year. The consistent, predictable movement of both populations across management zones highlights the importance of understanding population dynamics to effective management of Lake Huron lake trout.

Lightning on Jupiter - Rate, energetics, and effects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, J. S.

1980-01-01

Voyager data on the optical and radio-frequency detection of lightning discharges in the atmosphere of Jupiter suggest a stroke rate significantly lower than on the earth. The efficiency of conversion of atmospheric convective energy flux into lightning is almost certainly less than on the earth, probably near 10 to the -7th rather than the terrestrial value of 10 to the -4th. At this level the rate of production of complex organic molecules by lightning and by thunder shock waves is negligible compared to the rates of known photochemical processes for forming colored inorganic solids.

Pancreas cancer meets the thunder god.

PubMed

Hingorani, Sunil R; Potter, John D

2012-10-17

A new formulation of a natural product shows remarkable activity against pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma across a number of preclinical model systems. These findings set the stage for a clinical trial.

Great Disturbances

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-01-31

This set of images from NASA Cassini spacecraft shows cloud patterns in a band around Saturn before a monstrous thunder-and-lightning storm erupted and again after the head of the storm had disappeared.

Thunder and Lightning and Rain: a Latino/Hispanic diabetes media awareness campaign.

PubMed

Almendarez, Isabel S; Boysun, Michael; Clark, Kathleen

2004-01-01

The prevalence rates of diabetes in communities of color are higher than in Caucasian populations. Social marketing can be an effective approach to educating communities and encouraging visits to health care providers. This article describes Thunder and Lightning and Rain, a diabetes media awareness campaign implemented in a 5-county area in central Washington State with a large Latino/Hispanic population. The Washington State Department of Health's Diabetes Prevention and Control Program, along with national and community partners and focus groups, used a social marketing model to reach those with uncontrolled diabetes. A telephone survey-based evaluation, conducted in Spanish, provided data on demographics, media access, calls to a toll-free information line, provider visits, and recall of the campaign's central message: "Control your diabetes. For Life."

RESISTANCE TO DELTAMETHRIN IN PRAIRIE DOG ( CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS) FLEAS IN THE FIELD AND IN THE LABORATORY.

PubMed

Eads, David A; Biggins, Dean E; Bowser, Jonathan; McAllister, Janet C; Griebel, Randall L; Childers, Eddie; Livieri, Travis M; Painter, Cristi; Krank, Lindsey Sterling; Bly, Kristy

2018-05-03

Sylvatic plague poses a substantial risk to black-tailed prairie dogs ( Cynomys ludovicianus) and their obligate predator, the black-footed ferret ( Mustela nigripes). The effects of plague on prairie dogs and ferrets are mitigated using a deltamethrin pulicide dust that reduces the spread of plague by killing fleas, the vector for the plague bacterium. In portions of Conata Basin, Buffalo Gap National Grasslands, and Badlands National Park, South Dakota, 0.05% deltamethrin has been infused into prairie dog burrows on an annual basis since 2005. We aimed to determine if fleas ( Oropsylla hirsuta) in portions of the Conata Basin and Badlands National Park have evolved resistance to deltamethrin. We assessed flea prevalence, obtained by combing prairie dogs for fleas, as an indirect measure of resistance. Dusting was ineffective in two colonies treated with deltamethrin for >8 yr; flea prevalence rebounded within 1 mo of dusting. We used a bioassay that exposed fleas to deltamethrin to directly evaluate resistance. Fleas from colonies with >8 yr of exposure to deltamethrin exhibited survival rates that were 15% to 83% higher than fleas from sites that had never been dusted. All fleas were paralyzed or dead after 55 min. After removal from deltamethrin, 30% of fleas from the dusted colonies recovered, compared with 1% of fleas from the not-dusted sites. Thus, deltamethrin paralyzed fleas from colonies with long-term exposure to deltamethrin, but a substantial number of those fleas was resistant and recovered. Flea collections from live-trapped prairie dogs in Thunder Basin National Grasslands, Wyoming suggest that, in some cases, fleas might begin to develop a moderate level of resistance to deltamethrin after 5-6 yr of annual treatments. Restoration of black-footed ferrets and prairie dogs will rely on an adaptive, integrative approach to plague management, for instance involving the use of vaccines and rotating applications of insecticidal products with different active ingredients.

Infrasonic induced ground motions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ting-Li

On January 28, 2004, the CERI seismic network recorded seismic signals generated by an unknown source. Our conclusion is that the acoustic waves were initiated by an explosive source near the ground surface. The meteorological temperature and effective sound speed profiles suggested existence of an efficient near-surface waveguide that allowed the acoustic disturbance to propagate to large distances. An explosion occurring in an area of forest and farms would have limited the number of eyewitnesses. Resolution of the source might be possible by experiment or by detailed analysis of the ground motion data. A seismo-acoustic array was built to investigate thunder-induced ground motions. Two thunder events with similar N-wave waveforms but different horizontal slownesses are chosen to evaluate the credibility of using thunder as a seismic source. These impulsive acoustic waves excited P and S reverberations in the near surface that depend on both the incident wave horizontal slowness and the velocity structure in the upper 30 meters. Nineteen thunder events were chosen to further investigate the seismo-acoustic coupling. The consistent incident slowness differences between acoustic pressure and ground motions suggest that ground reverberations were first initiated somewhat away from the array. Acoustic and seismic signals were used to generate the time-domain transfer function through the deconvolution technique. Possible non-linear interaction for acoustic propagation into the soil at the surface was observed. The reverse radial initial motions suggest a low Poisson's ratio for the near-surface layer. The acoustic-to-seismic transfer functions show a consistent reverberation series of the Rayleigh wave type, which has a systematic dispersion relation to incident slownesses inferred from the seismic ground velocity. Air-coupled Rayleigh wave dispersion was used to quantitatively constrain the near-surface site structure with constraints afforded by near-surface body wave refraction and Rayleigh wave dispersion data. Theoretical standard high-frequency and air-coupled Rayleigh wave dispersion calculated by the inferred site structure match the observed dispersion curves. Our study suggests that natural or controlled air-borne pressure sources can be used to investigate the near-surface site structures for earthquake shaking hazard studies.

Computer Recreations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewdney, A. K.

1989-01-01

Reviews the performance of computer programs for writing poetry and prose, including MARK V. SHANEY, MELL, POETRY GENERATOR, THUNDER THOUGHT, and ORPHEUS. Discusses the writing principles of the programs. Provides additional information on computer magnification techniques. (YP)

The Lore of Saturn

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-03-01

The giant planet is a moody world whose disposition appears to change with he view. Its atmosphere rages with thunderous and hurricane-like storms. Its majestic rings spin a tale of ancient collisions and cataclysm

77 FR 66609 - Twenty-Fifth Update of the Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

.... Middle Island Light Station..... Middle Island...... Alpena Township.... MI 49707 Homeland Security... 48740 Homeland Security.. Other 17 Scenic Road. Thunder Bay Island Light Station Michigan Islands Alpena...

Lightning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pampe, William R.

1970-01-01

Presents basic physical theory for movement of electric charges in clouds, earth, and air during production of lightning and thunder. Amount of electrical energy produced and heating effects during typical thunderstorms is described. Generalized safety practices are given. (JM)

Single Station System and Method of Locating Lightning Strikes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Medelius, Pedro J. (Inventor); Starr, Stanley O. (Inventor)

2003-01-01

An embodiment of the present invention uses a single detection system to approximate a location of lightning strikes. This system is triggered by a broadband RF detector and measures a time until the arrival of a leading edge of the thunder acoustic pulse. This time difference is used to determine a slant range R from the detector to the closest approach of the lightning. The azimuth and elevation are determined by an array of acoustic sensors. The leading edge of the thunder waveform is cross-correlated between the various acoustic sensors in the array to determine the difference in time of arrival, AT. A set of AT S is used to determine the direction of arrival, AZ and EL. The three estimated variables (R, AZ, EL) are used to locate a probable point of the lightning strike.

Direct liquefaction of plastics and coprocessing of coal with plastics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huffman, G.P.; Feng, Z.; Mahajan, V.

1995-12-31

The objectives of this work were to optimize reaction conditions for the direct liquefaction of waste plastics and the coprocessing of coal with waste plastics. In previous work, the direct liquefaction of medium and high density polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PPE), poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), and a mixed plastic waste, and the coliquefaction of these plastics with coals of three different ranks was studied. The results established that a solid acid catalyst (HZSM-5 zeolite) was highly active for the liquefaction of the plastics alone, typically giving oil yields of 80-95% and total conversions of 90-100% at temperatures of 430-450 {degrees}C. In themore » coliquefaction experiments, 50:50 mixtures of plastic and coal were used with a tetralin solvent (tetralin:solid = 3:2). Using approximately 1% of the HZSM-5 catalyst and a nanoscale iron catalyst, oil yields of 50-70% and total conversion of 80-90% were typical. In the current year, further investigations were conducted of the liquefaction of PE, PPE, and a commingled waste plastic obtained from the American Plastics Council (APC), and the coprocessing of PE, PPE and the APC plastic with Black Thunder subbituminous coal. Several different catalysts were used in these studies.« less

Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Modification Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Sen. Levin, Carl [D-MI

2009-02-04

Senate - 08/04/2009 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 148. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Modification Act

THOMAS, 112th Congress

Sen. Levin, Carl [D-MI

2011-03-03

Senate - 01/26/2012 Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 299. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Thunder and Lightning: A Lecture-Demonstration for All Ages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Colin

1999-01-01

Describes a series of simple but spectacular chemistry demonstrations designed to capture children's imaginations. The demonstrations take the minimum amount of time to prepare, are relatively safe to dispose of, and reliable. (Author/WRM)

Lightning characterization through acoustic and electromagnetic measurements recorded during the HyMeX SOP1 and simulation of the acoustic nonlinear propagation in realistic thunderstorm meteorological conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallin, L.; Coulouvrat, F.; Farges, T.; Marchiano, R.; Defer, E.; Rison, W.; Schulz, W.; Nuret, M.

2013-12-01

The goal is to study the transformation of the thunder (amplitude, spectrum) during its travel from the lightning channel towards a detector (microphone, microbarometer), considering propagation distances of less than 50 km and complex local meteorological properties. Inside the European HyMeX project, the SOP1 campaign (2012) took place from September 2012 to November 2012 in South of France. An acoustic station (center: 4.39° E, 44.08° N) composed of a microphone array placed inside a microbarometer array was installed by CEA near city of Uzès. It was located in the center of an LMA network coming with two slow antennas. This network was deployed in France for the first time by the New Mexico Tech and LERMA laboratory. The detections from the European lightning location system EUCLID complete this dataset. During the SOP1 period several storms passed over the station. The post-processings of the records point out days with interesting thunderstorms. Especially during the 26th of October 2012 in the evening (around 8 pm) a thunderstorm passed just over the acoustic station. Not too many lightning strokes are detected by EUCLID, the corresponding flashes are then well characterized by the LMA network. Slow antennas present good electric field measurements. The acoustic records have excellent quality. We present for some selected flashes a comparative study of the different measurements (LMA, slow antenna, EUCLID, microphones, microbarometers): focusing on amplitude and spectrum of the thunder waveforms, and on propagation effects due to the meteorological conditions. To quantify the impact of these meteorological conditions on the propagating thunder (from the lightning sources to the acoustic array), a code named Flhoward is used [Dagrau et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 130, 20-32, 2011][Coulouvrat, Wave Motion, 49, 50--63, 2012]. It is designed to simulate the nonlinear propagation of acoustic shock waves through a realistic atmosphere model (including temperature gradients, rigid ground, and wind flows). The meteorological conditions are extracted from the data calculated by Météo-France weather forecast model AROME-WMED for the chosen days. Some cases where numerical simulation helps to understand the observations are presented.

78 FR 16668 - Twenty-Fifth Update of the Federal Agency Hazardous Waste Compliance Docket

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-18

....... Alpena Township...... MI 49707 Homeland Other 17 Security. Old Station Ludington......... 101 S.... Thunder Bay Island Light Michigan Islands Alpena Township...... MI 49707 Homeland Other 19A Station. Nat'l...

33 CFR 117.655 - Thunder Bay River.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Second Avenue bridge, mile 0.3 at Alpena, shall open on signal if at least three hours notice is given to the Dispatcher, Police Department, City of Alpena, Michigan. [CGD 82-025, 49 FR 17452, Apr. 24, 1984...

76 FR 22730 - Notice of Determinations Regarding Eligibility To Apply for Worker Adjustment Assistance

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-22

.... 75,041 Lockheed Martin, Mission Systems & Sensors, Eagan, MN Leased Workers DCR and Caribou Thunder. 75,214 Foodswing, Inc Cambridge, MD....... 75,221 World Color (USA), LLC, World Color (USA) Lebanon...

Solarnorth '81 by Tymura Solardesigns: diverse residential, commercial and industrial projects at and above the 48th parallel in Ontario, Canada

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tymura, E.J.

1981-01-01

Solar Energy Heating Applications are On the Rise in and above the Northwestern City of Thunder Bay, on the northern shore of Lake Superior. Unique in their diversifications, the architectural commissions range from pure passive residential design thru hybrid systems; residential Greenhouse-Solarium active swimming pool and commercial hotel pool to inexpensive hybrid system for Canada's First Commercial Solar Lumber Drying Kiln; as well as combined earth sheltered with solar system design for a dormitory complex and shopping center. By May 1981, 7 buildings designed by Tymura Solardesigns in the Thunder Bay area will have been subjected to the Extreme Canadianmore » climate (10,500/sup 0/F degree days, yearly temperature maximums from -41/sup 0/F to 90/sup 0/F, and solar fractions vary from 50% to 75%, with economic payback periods ranging between 7 and 10 years.« less

A new chest pain strategy in Thunder Bay.

PubMed

Mutrie, D

1999-04-01

Thunder Bay Regional Hospital (TBRH) developed a chest pain strategy (CPS) to support its emergency physicians in making the difficult clinical decisions required to properly evaluate and manage ED "chest pain" patients. This strategy was developed to ensure excellent patient care in a setting of diminished inpatient bed availability and increasing ED congestion. It focuses on rapid risk stratification, using history, electrocardiogram, physical examination and 3 new point-of-care cardiac markers: myoglobin, CK-MB mass, and cardiac troponin I. Following the introduction of the CPS in 1997, TBRH realized significant ($500 000/yr) institutional resource savings through a 60% decrease in the admission rate of non-myocardial infarction, non-unstable angina chest pain patients, a 30% decrease in ED chest pain evaluation time, and improved ED availability of monitored stretchers. The CPS has allowed TBRH to simultaneously decrease costs and improve patient care.

Blocked Force and Loading Calculations for LaRC THUNDER Actuators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Campbell, Joel F.

2007-01-01

An analytic approach is developed to predict the performance of LaRC Thunder actuators under load and under blocked conditions. The problem is treated with the Von Karman non-linear analysis combined with a simple Raleigh-Ritz calculation. From this, shape and displacement under load combined with voltage are calculated. A method is found to calculate the blocked force vs voltage and spring force vs distance. It is found that under certain conditions, the blocked force and displacement is almost linear with voltage. It is also found that the spring force is multivalued and has at least one bifurcation point. This bifurcation point is where the device collapses under load and locks to a different bending solution. This occurs at a particular critical load. It is shown this other bending solution has a reduced amplitude and is proportional to the original amplitude times the square of the aspect ratio.

Comparison of respiratory variables in grain elevator workers and civic outside workers of Thunder Bay, Canada.

PubMed

Broder, I; Mintz, S; Hutcheon, M; Corey, P; Silverman, F; Davies, G; Leznoff, A; Peress, L; Thomas, P

1979-02-01

We compared respiratory variables in 441 grain elevator workers with 180 civic outside laborers in Thunder Bay. The grain handlers had a lower frequency of both positive skin reactions to pollens and molds and a family history of asthma, which suggests that they may have been self-selected for a decreased tendency to develop allergic respiratory disease. There was a higher frequency of cough and rales and a small decrease in forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one sec among the grain handlers, as compared to the civic workers matched for smoking. However, these differences between grain and nongrain workers were small in comparison to those between smokers and nonsmokers. There was no clear indication of a worsening of respiratory functions that could be attributed specifically to duration of employment as a grain elevator worker.

Thunder-induced ground motions: 2. Site characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ting-L.; Langston, Charles A.

2009-04-01

Thunder-induced ground motion, near-surface refraction, and Rayleigh wave dispersion measurements were used to constrain near-surface velocity structure at an unconsolidated sediment site. We employed near-surface seismic refraction measurements to first define ranges for site structure parameters. Air-coupled and hammer-generated Rayleigh wave dispersion curves were used to further constrain the site structure by a grid search technique. The acoustic-to-seismic coupling is modeled as an incident plane P wave in a fluid half-space impinging into a solid layered half-space. We found that the infrasound-induced ground motions constrained substrate velocities and the average thickness and velocities of the near-surface layer. The addition of higher-frequency near-surface Rayleigh waves produced tighter constraints on the near-surface velocities. This suggests that natural or controlled airborne pressure sources can be used to investigate the near-surface site structures for earthquake shaking hazard studies.

A survey of recipient client physician satisfaction with teleoncology services originating from thunder bay regional health sciences centre.

PubMed

Brigden, Malcolm; Minty, Alana; Pilatzke, Susan; Della Vidova, Lori; Sherrington, Laurie; McPhail, Karen

2008-04-01

The objective of this work was to investigate end user satisfaction and perceived efficacy on the part of client physicians for teleoncology services in Northwestern Ontario. A survey of 98 referring physicians from 17 remote communities in Northwestern Ontario was undertaken primarily to determine overall client physician satisfaction with the teleoncology process. The survey also investigated perceived problems and explored potential solutions. Overall client physician satisfaction was high for the majority of response fields. However, more than 50% of surveyed physicians felt that some aspects of the teleoncology process could be improved with an emphasis on more timely communication of interview results, continuity of care, and improving patients comfort level with the technologies involved. The success of this service is evidenced by its exponential growth since the original introduction in 2001. Ninety-eight percent of referring physicians would continue to use the teleoncology service process.

Variant calling in low-coverage whole genome sequencing of a Native American population sample.

PubMed

Bizon, Chris; Spiegel, Michael; Chasse, Scott A; Gizer, Ian R; Li, Yun; Malc, Ewa P; Mieczkowski, Piotr A; Sailsbery, Josh K; Wang, Xiaoshu; Ehlers, Cindy L; Wilhelmsen, Kirk C

2014-01-30

The reduction in the cost of sequencing a human genome has led to the use of genotype sampling strategies in order to impute and infer the presence of sequence variants that can then be tested for associations with traits of interest. Low-coverage Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) is a sampling strategy that overcomes some of the deficiencies seen in fixed content SNP array studies. Linkage-disequilibrium (LD) aware variant callers, such as the program Thunder, may provide a calling rate and accuracy that makes a low-coverage sequencing strategy viable. We examined the performance of an LD-aware variant calling strategy in a population of 708 low-coverage whole genome sequences from a community sample of Native Americans. We assessed variant calling through a comparison of the sequencing results to genotypes measured in 641 of the same subjects using a fixed content first generation exome array. The comparison was made using the variant calling routines GATK Unified Genotyper program and the LD-aware variant caller Thunder. Thunder was found to improve concordance in a coverage dependent fashion, while correctly calling nearly all of the common variants as well as a high percentage of the rare variants present in the sample. Low-coverage WGS is a strategy that appears to collect genetic information intermediate in scope between fixed content genotyping arrays and deep-coverage WGS. Our data suggests that low-coverage WGS is a viable strategy with a greater chance of discovering novel variants and associations than fixed content arrays for large sample association analyses.

Acoustic Network Localization and Interpretation of Infrasonic Pulses from Lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arechiga, R. O.; Johnson, J. B.; Badillo, E.; Michnovicz, J. C.; Thomas, R. J.; Edens, H. E.; Rison, W.

2011-12-01

We improve on the localization accuracy of thunder sources and identify infrasonic pulses that are correlated across a network of acoustic arrays. We attribute these pulses to electrostatic charge relaxation (collapse of the electric field) and attempt to model their spatial extent and acoustic source strength. Toward this objective we have developed a single audio range (20-15,000 Hz) acoustic array and a 4-station network of broadband (0.01-500 Hz) microphone arrays with aperture of ~45 m. The network has an aperture of 1700 m and was installed during the summers of 2009-2011 in the Magdalena mountains of New Mexico, an area that is subject to frequent lightning activity. We are exploring a new technique based on inverse theory that integrates information from the audio range and the network of broadband acoustic arrays to locate thunder sources more accurately than can be achieved with a single array. We evaluate the performance of the technique by comparing the location of thunder sources with RF sources located by the lightning mapping array (LMA) of Langmuir Laboratory at New Mexico Tech. We will show results of this technique for lightning flashes that occurred in the vicinity of our network of acoustic arrays and over the LMA. We will use acoustic network detection of infrasonic pulses together with LMA data and electric field measurements to estimate the spatial distribution of the charge (within the cloud) that is used to produce a lightning flash, and will try to quantify volumetric charges (charge magnitude) within clouds.

Undulator-Based Laser Wakefield Accelerator Electron Beam Energy Spread and Emittance Diagnostic

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bakeman, M. S.; University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV 89557; Van Tilborg, J.

The design and current status of experiments to couple the Tapered Hybrid Undulator (THUNDER) to the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) laser plasma accelerator (LPA) to measure electron beam energy spread and emittance are presented.

Measurement of RF lightning emissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lott, G. K., Jr.; Honnell, M. A.; Shumpert, T. H.

1981-01-01

A lightning radio emission observation laboratory is described. The signals observed and recorded include HF, VHF and UHF radio emissions, optical signature, electric field measurements, and thunder. The objectives of the station, the equipment used, and the recording methods are discussed.

Evidence for solar wind modulation of lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scott, C. J.; Harrison, R. G.; Owens, M. J.; Lockwood, M.; Barnard, L.

2014-05-01

The response of lightning rates over Europe to arrival of high speed solar wind streams at Earth is investigated using a superposed epoch analysis. Fast solar wind stream arrival is determined from modulation of the solar wind V y component, measured by the Advanced Composition Explorer spacecraft. Lightning rate changes around these event times are determined from the very low frequency arrival time difference (ATD) system of the UK Met Office. Arrival of high speed streams at Earth is found to be preceded by a decrease in total solar irradiance and an increase in sunspot number and Mg II emissions. These are consistent with the high speed stream’s source being co-located with an active region appearing on the Eastern solar limb and rotating at the 27 d period of the Sun. Arrival of the high speed stream at Earth also coincides with a small (˜1%) but rapid decrease in galactic cosmic ray flux, a moderate (˜6%) increase in lower energy solar energetic protons (SEPs), and a substantial, statistically significant increase in lightning rates. These changes persist for around 40 d in all three quantities. The lightning rate increase is corroborated by an increase in the total number of thunder days observed by UK Met stations, again persisting for around 40 d after the arrival of a high speed solar wind stream. This result appears to contradict earlier studies that found an anti-correlation between sunspot number and thunder days over solar cycle timescales. The increase in lightning rates and thunder days that we observe coincides with an increased flux of SEPs which, while not being detected at ground level, nevertheless penetrate the atmosphere to tropospheric altitudes. This effect could be further amplified by an increase in mean lightning stroke intensity that brings more strokes above the detection threshold of the ATD system. In order to remove any potential seasonal bias the analysis was repeated for daily solar wind triggers occurring during the summer months (June to August). Though this reduced the number of solar wind triggers to 32, the response in both lightning and thunder day data remained statistically significant. This modulation of lightning by regular and predictable solar wind events may be beneficial to medium range forecasting of hazardous weather.

[Clinical study of the electroacupuncture combined with thunder-fire moxibustion in treatment of degenerative knee osteoarthritis with cold-damp stagnation].

PubMed

Zhang, Huajun; Xu, Haidong; Liu, Tingting; Li, Peifa

2016-12-12

To observe the clinical effect of early degenerative knee osteoarthritis with cold-damp stagnation treated with electroacupuncture (EA) combined with thunder-fire moxibustion and simple EA. Eighty cases were randomly assigned into a combination group and an EA group,40 cases in each one. Twenty-five min EA was used in the EA group mainly at ashi points,Neixiyan(EX-LE 4),Zusanli(ST 36),Dubi(ST 35),Yanglingquan(GB 34),Yinlingquan(SP 9) and Liangqiu(ST 34) after deqi ( qi arrival),once a day. Based on EA at the same acupoints as the EA group,thunder-fire moxibustion was applied at ashi points,Dubi(ST 35)and Liangqiu(ST 34) by means of 20-minute suspended moxibustion,once a day. Ten-day treatment was seen as one course,and continuous 2 courses were applied. The indices were observed before and after treatment including visual analogue scale(VAS) score,Lequesne index score,Lysholm score of knee joint,serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Clinical effects were also evaluated and 6-month follow-up was implemented to show the recurrence rate. After treatment the total effective rate of the combination group was 95.0%(38/40),which was better than 82.5%(33/40) of the EA group( P <0.05).The Lequesne index score,VAS score,serum CRP and ESR apparently decreased compared with those before treatment in the two groups(all P <0.05),and the four indices in the combination group were obviously lower than those in the EA group(all P <0.05). As for the Lysholm knee joint score,the good rates of the two groups enhanced after treatment(both P <0.05),and the result of the combination group was superior to that of the EA group[87.5%(35/40) vs 72.5%(29/40), P <0.05]. At 6-month follow-up,the recurrence rate of the combination group was lower than that of the EA group[26.7%(4/15) vs 100.0%(9/9), P <0.05]. EA combined with thunder-fire moxibustion achieve good effect for degenerative knee osteoarthritis with cold-damp stagnation. The combination therapy have advantages in effect duration compared with simple EA.

Investigation of the infrasound produced by geophysical events such as volcanoes, thunder, and avalanches: the case for local infrasound monitoring (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, J. B.; Marcillo, O. E.; Arechiga, R. O.; Johnson, R.; Edens, H. E.; Marshall, H.; Havens, S.; Waite, G. P.

2010-12-01

Volcanoes, lightning, and mass wasting events generate substantial infrasonic energy that propagates for long distances through the atmosphere with generally low intrinsic attenuation. Although such sources are often studied with regional infrasound arrays that provide important records of their occurrence, position, and relative magnitudes these signals recorded at tens to hundreds of kilometers are often significantly affected by propagation effects. Complex atmospheric structure, due to heterogeneous winds and temperatures, and intervening topography can be responsible for multi-pathing, signal attenuation, and focusing or, alternatively, information loss (i.e., a shadow zone). At far offsets, geometric spreading diminishes signal amplitude requiring low noise recording sites and high fidelity microphones. In contrast recorded excess pressures at local distances are much higher in amplitude and waveforms are more representative of source phenomena. We report on recent studies of volcanoes, thunder, and avalanches made with networks and arrays of infrasound sensors deployed local (within a few km) to the source. At Kilauea Volcano (Hawaii) we deployed a network of ~50 infrasound sensitive sensors (flat from 50 s to 50 Hz) to track the coherence of persistent infrasonic tremor signals in the near-field (out to a few tens of kilometers). During periods of high winds (> 5-10 m/s) we found significant atmospheric influence for signals recorded at stations only a few kilometers from the source. Such observations have encouraged us to conduct a range of volcano, thunder, and snow avalanche studies with networks of small infrasound arrays (~30 m aperture) deployed close to the source region. We present results from local microphone deployments (12 sensors) at Santiaguito Volcano (Guatemala) where we are able to precisely (~10 m resolution) locate acoustic sources from explosions and rock falls. We also present results from our thunder mapping acoustic arrays (15 sensors) in the Magdalena Mountains of New Mexico capable of mapping lightning channels more than 10 km in extent whose positions are corroborated by the radio wave detecting lightning mapping array. We also discuss the recent implementation of a network of snow avalanche detection arrays (12 sensors) in Idaho that are used to monitor and track and map infrasound produced by moving sources. We contend that local infrasound deployment is analogous to local seismic monitoring in that it enables precision localization and interpretation of source phenomena.

Rolling thunder over retail competition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ridley, S.

This article addresses changes in the utility marketplace brought about by the Energy Policy Act of 1992 and focuses on initiatives in California and Massachusetts. Both initiatives are designed to increase competition amongst suppliers and to open new consumer-oriented options for municipal governments.

SunLine Test Drives Hydrogen Bus

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-08-01

SunLine collaborated with the U.S. Department of Energys (DOE) Hydrogen, Fuel Cells & Infrastructure Technologies (HFC&IT) Program on the evaluation of the 30-foot hybrid fuel cell bus that was developed by ThunderPower LLC, a joint venture by Tho...

Validation of High Displacement Piezoelectric Actuator Finite Element Models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taleghani, B. K.

2000-01-01

The paper presents the results obtained by using NASTRAN(Registered Trademark) and ANSYS(Regitered Trademark) finite element codes to predict doming of the THUNDER piezoelectric actuators during the manufacturing process and subsequent straining due to an applied input voltage. To effectively use such devices in engineering applications, modeling and characterization are essential. Length, width, dome height, and thickness are important parameters for users of such devices. Therefore, finite element models were used to assess the effects of these parameters. NASTRAN(Registered Trademark) and ANSYS(Registered Trademark) used different methods for modeling piezoelectric effects. In NASTRAN(Registered Trademark), a thermal analogy was used to represent voltage at nodes as equivalent temperatures, while ANSYS(Registered Trademark) processed the voltage directly using piezoelectric finite elements. The results of finite element models were validated by using the experimental results.

15 CFR 922.196 - Emergency regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Emergency regulations. 922.196 Section 922.196 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade (Continued... MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater...

Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Boundary Modification Act

THOMAS, 111th Congress

Rep. Stupak, Bart [D-MI-1

2009-02-04

Senate - 09/30/2009 Received in the Senate. Read twice. Placed on Senate Legislative Calendar under General Orders. Calendar No. 169. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status Passed HouseHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Motorcycles on the Move

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McIntosh, Phyllis

2013-01-01

Motorcycles are the subject of this feature article, which explores such topics as the history of motorcycles, types of motorcycles, special interest motorcycle clubs, motorcycle rallies, the Harley-Davidson company, and Rolling Thunder. A list of websites of interest and a glossary of "motorcycle jargon" are included.

Bringing Thunder: Tribal College Presidents Explore Indigenous New Zealand.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pease-Pretty, Janine

2002-01-01

Describes visit of American tribal college and university presidents, faculty, and staff to Maori tribal colleges and schools in Aotearoa, New Zealand. Suggests that findings from the study of Maori educational systems will affect tribal education in the U.S. (NB)

76 FR 35398 - Scoria Mining Addition, Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-17

... material is available for road construction and maintenance in order to support required maintenance and... 20 acres in any given year, for the purpose of using that scoria on adjacent roads needed for coal...

Spawning Cisco investigations in Canada waters of Lake Superior during 2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

Yule, Daniel L.; Evrard, Lori M.; Cholwek, Gary A.; Addison, Peter A.; Cullis, Ken I.

2008-01-01

Cisco Coregonus artedi form pre-spawning aggregations in Lake Superior during November with the bulk of spawning occurring during late November through early December (Dryer and Beil 1964). Eggs are broadcast into open water (Smith 1956) with fertilized eggs settling to the lakebed (Dryer and Beil 1964). Peak hatching occurs the following May (United States Geological Survey – Great Lakes Science Center, GLSC, unpublished data). Interannual variability in year class strength is high, but tends to be synchronous across different regions of Lake Superior (Bronte et al. 2003). November 2005 sampling of Thunder Bay showed 14 year-classes were present with the oldest fish being from the 1984 year-class (Yule et al. 2008). The ciscoes sampled were predominantly from five year classes that hatched during 1988, 1989, 1990, 1998, and 2003. These same strong year-classes were found in the western arm of Lake Superior during November 2006 (GLSC, unpublished data). Growth is rapid in the first few years of life with minimal growth after age-8 (Yule et al. 2008). Ciscoes exceeding 250 mm total length (TL) are typically sexually mature (Yule et al. 2006b, 2008). Thunder Bay ciscoes have high annual survival with rates for females and males averaging 0.80 and 0.75, respectively; females have higher rates of fishing-induced mortality compared to males but lower rates of natural mortality (Yule et al. 2008). Some Lake Superior stocks are currently commercially fished with the bulk of harvest occurring during November when fishers target females for their roe. The bulk of fish are harvested from Thunder Bay using suspended gillnets with mesh sizes ranging from 79-89 mm stretch measure. Ciscoes younger then age-5 make up a very small proportion (<0.1%) of the harvest (Yule, et al. 2008).

40 CFR 458.40 - Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... carbon black lamp process subcategory. 458.40 Section 458.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.40 Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp... production of carbon black by the lamp process. ...

Alpena Community College Workplace Partnership Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alpena Community Coll., MI.

These materials include a report, evaluation, and book written about a workplace literacy project involving education (Alpena Community College), business and industry (Besser Company and Alpena Power Company), and labor (Thunder Bay Labor Council). The report specifies objectives; accomplishments, including development of eight courses in math,…

Thunder on the Right: Past and Present.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Robert C.

1978-01-01

Comparing present day criticisms of U.S. education with those lodged during the McCarthy era, this article warns educators of comparable McCarthy tactics today, concluding that educators must "continually attempt to understand and cope with the numerous criticisms lodged against our schools". (JC)

PRB rail loadings shatter record

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Buchsbaum, L.

Rail transport of coal in the Powder River Basin has expanded, with a record 2,197 trains loaded in a month. Arch Coal's Thunder basin mining complex has expanded by literally bridging the joint line railway. The dry fork mine has also celebrated its safety achievements. 4 photos.

V.C.3 Technology Validation : Fuel Cell Bus Evaluations

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-01-06

Based on the results of this analysis and the response from the project partners, the SunLine demonstration was deemed to be a success. Although it was a prototype (or pre-commercial) vehicle, the ThunderPower bus operated in revenue service at a rel...

Translating research into practice. Implications of the Thunder Project II.

PubMed

Thompson, C L; White, C; Wild, L R; Morris, A B; Perdue, S T; Stanik-Hutt, J; Puntillo, K A

2001-12-01

The Thunder Project II study described procedural pain in a variety of acute and critical care settings. The procedures studied were turning, tracheal suctioning, wound drain removal, nonburn wound dressing change, femoral sheath removal, and central venous catheter insertion. Turning had the highest mean pain intensity, whereas femoral sheath removal and central venous catheter insertion had the least pain intensity in adults. Nonwound dressing change had the highest pain intensity for teenagers. Pain occurred in procedures that are often repeated several times a day as well as in those that may be single events. There is a wide range of pain responses to any of these procedures; as a result, standardized and thoughtful pain, and distress assessments are warranted. Planning of care, including the use of preemptive analgesic interventions, needs to be individualized. Future studies are needed to describe patient responses to other commonly performed nursing procedures and to identify effective interventions for reducing procedural pain and distress.

Simulating wave-turbulence on thin elastic plates with arbitrary boundary conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Rees, Wim M.; Mahadevan, L.

2016-11-01

The statistical characteristics of interacting waves are described by the theory of wave turbulence, with the study of deep water gravity wave turbulence serving as a paradigmatic physical example. Here we consider the elastic analog of this problem in the context of flexural waves arising from vibrations of a thin elastic plate. Such flexural waves generate the unique sounds of so-called thunder machines used in orchestras - thin metal plates that make a thunder-like sound when forcefully shaken. Wave turbulence in elastic plates is typically investigated numerically using spectral simulations with periodic boundary conditions, which are not very realistic. We will present the results of numerical simulations of the dynamics of thin elastic plates in physical space, with arbitrary shapes, boundary conditions, anisotropy and inhomogeneity, and show first results on wave turbulence beyond the conventionally studied rectangular plates. Finally, motivated by a possible method to measure ice-sheet thicknesses in the open ocean, we will further discuss the behavior of a vibrating plate when floating on an inviscid fluid.

High-Level Data Fusion Software for SHOALS-1000TH FY07 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

This survey covered the lakeside town of Alpena , Michigan, and the shoreline of Lake Huron. Additionally a small set of ground reflectance...Figure 2. SHOALS green laser reflectance image of the eastern part of Alpena , Michigan, and the shoreline of Thunder Bay

Sampling design for aquatic invasive species early detection in Great Lakes ports

EPA Science Inventory

From 2006-2012, we evaluated a pilot aquatic invasive species (AIS) early detection monitoring program in Lake Superior that was designed to detect newly introduced fishes. We established survey protocols for three major ports (Duluth-Superior, Sault Ste. Marie, Thunder Bay) and ...

Why Writers Write of War: Looking into the Eye of Historical Fiction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gauch, Patricia Lee

1993-01-01

Discusses why people write and read historical fiction, in particular historical fiction involving war. Uses the author's book "Thunder at Gettysburg" to illustrate how such fiction can illuminate the epiphanies people experience, brought on by the exigencies of battle and of survival. (SR)

"More Rain and Less Thunder": Substitute Vocabularies, Richard Nixon, and the Construction of Political Reality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Richard; Stuckey, Mary E.

1997-01-01

Sketches a key mechanism called "Substitute Vocabularies" whereby practitioners of democracies seek to reconcile contradictions between democratic political principle and repressive political action. Illustrates this by identifying the Richard Nixon administration's political principles regarding Native Americans as articulated in…

Preliminary results of the study of lightning location relative to storm structure and dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rust, W. D.; Taylor, W. L.; Macgorman, D.

1981-01-01

Lightning is being studied relative to storm structure using a VHF space-time discharge mapping system, radar, a cloud-to-ground flash locator, acoustic reconstruction of thunder, and other instrumentation. The horizontal discharge processes within the cloud generally propagate at speeds of 10,000-100,000 m/s. Horizontal extents of lightning were found up to 90 km. In an analysis of a limited number of flashes, lightning occurred in or near regions of high cyclonic shear. Positive cloud-to-ground flashes have been observed emanating from several identifiable regions of severe storms. Lightning echoes observed with 10-cm radar generally are 10-25 dB greater than the largest precipitation echo in the storm.

40 CFR 458.10 - Applicability; description of the carbon black furnace process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... carbon black furnace process subcategory. 458.10 Section 458.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Furnace Process Subcategory § 458.10 Applicability; description of the carbon black...

40 CFR 458.20 - Applicability: description of the carbon black thermal process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... carbon black thermal process subcategory. 458.20 Section 458.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Thermal Process Subcategory § 458.20 Applicability: description of the carbon black...

40 CFR 458.30 - Applicability; description of the carbon black channel process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... carbon black channel process subcategory. 458.30 Section 458.30 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Channel Process Subcategory § 458.30 Applicability; description of the carbon black...

77 FR 21878 - Revisions of Boundaries for the Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-12

..., Alpena, MI 49707. Instructions All comments received are a part of the public record. All Personal... increase the boundary to include Alcona, Alpena, and Presque Isle Counties to the international border with... otherwise noted: 1. Alpena, MI Date: April 17, 2012. [[Page 21880

75 FR 74678 - Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland; Colorado and Wyoming...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-01

..., mechanical, biological, and ground and aerial herbicide control methods. ``Invasive species'' are defined as... and aerial application of herbicides, mechanical, biological, and cultural weed treatments. The MBRTB... include analysis of the effects of new herbicides, new invasive plant populations, or aerial application...

Metaphoric Images from Abstract Concepts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vizmuller-Zocco, Jana

1992-01-01

Discusses children's use of metaphors to create meaning, using as an example the pragmatic and "scientific" ways in which preschool children explain thunder and lightning to themselves. Argues that children are being shortchanged by modern scientific notions of abstractness and that they should be encouraged to create their own explanations of…

Library Kiosks: A Balancing Act

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aegard, Joanna

2010-01-01

In 2009, the author spearheaded the Thunder Bay Public Library's (TBPL) service audit on kiosks. A task force comprising staff from the children's, reference, and adult services departments was formed to work on the audit. Task force members worked together and studied how patrons and staff use kiosks, conducted a literature review, surveyed other…

What Research Says: Children's Conceptions of Weather.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stepans, Joseph; Kuehn, Christine

1985-01-01

Children in grades two and five explained such weather phenomena as wind, clouds, thunder, lightning, rain, snow, and rainbows during interviews. Results indicate that most students in both grades were at a stage of nonreligious finalism and do not use true causality in explanations. Implications for teaching are discussed. (DH)

KSC-02pd0996

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-06-18

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - Dark, rain-filled clouds blanket the sky over the Vehicle Assembly Building and Launch Control Center, bringing thunder and heavy rain to the area. This type of weather convinced flight control managers to wave off the two scheduled landing attempts at KSC for Endeavour, returning from mission STS-111

Tap Teens' Curiosity with Lab Band.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saunders, Jane

2002-01-01

Describes the Lab Band project used with 12th grade students at the Westgate Collegiate and Vocational Institute in Thunder Bay, Ontario (Canada). Explains that each band student taught a peer how to play their instrument which created versatility in the band. States that all students kept a reflective journal. (CMK)

Spotter's Guide for Identifying and Reporting Severe Local Storms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DOC), Rockville, MD.

This guide is designed to assist personnel working in the National Weather Service's Severe Local Storm Spotter Networks in identifying and reporting severe local storms. Provided are pictures of cloud types for severe storms including tornadoes, hail, thunder, lightning, heavy rains, and waterspouts. Instructions for key indications to watch for…

Making Sense of Sound

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Menon, Deepika; Lankford, Deanna

2016-01-01

From the earliest days of their lives, children are exposed to all kinds of sound, from soft, comforting voices to the frightening rumble of thunder. Consequently, children develop their own naïve explanations largely based upon their experiences with phenomena encountered every day. When new information does not support existing conceptions,…

Stealing Thunder: African Security Sector Reform, the Military’s New Challenge

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-19

will become scarcer.3 If left unchecked Africa will remain an unending stew of ethnic warfare stimulating massive destabilizing and uncontrolled...this phenomenon, see: David Lamb , The Africans (New York, Random House, 1982) 149. 14 Meredith, 150 – 161. 15 For typical examples of Cold War

Land of the thunder dragon is on the move. Bhutan.

PubMed

Molitor, C

1992-08-01

A small and landlocked country in the Himalayas, the size of Switzerland, Bhutan or Druk Yul, Land of the Thunder Dragon, had for centuries been isolated from the outside world. Finally, its tradition-bound people are beginning to pick up new trades and vocations. Penjore Timber Industries & Exports Ltd. is one of the 1st modern wood-processing complexes in Bhutan still with a predominantly subsistence and barter agriculture economy. The company, set up with the financial support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB), is producing broomsticks, handles for tools, wooden doors, and window frames mainly for export. The industrial sector is small and accounts for only 4% of GDP. Most of the 125 private enterprises in the country are small. A development bank, the Bhutan Development Finance Corporation (BDFC), was established in 1988 with ADB support for the development of private industry. A general education system was established and schools were opened only in the early 1960s. The government had given the development of trained manpower high priority in its 5th Economic and Social Development Plan (FY 1981/82-FY 1986/87). The Royal Institute of Management (RIM) was established in 1986. About 40 trainees each in secretarial, accounting, and basic management training programs and 150 managerial personnel from public and private agencies are trained each year by RIM which the ADB supports under the Second Multiproject Loan to Bhutan with cofinancing by the Norwegian Development Agency. So far RIM has designed 12 different training courses, 92 students graduated in 1989, and by 1995 about 30 training courses are envisioned. According to 1987 data in a recent UN report Bhutan is the only one of the world's 42 least-developed countries with a more than 10% agricultural production growth rate where real GDP growth has outspaced population growth.

40 CFR 458.40 - Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... carbon black lamp process subcategory. 458.40 Section 458.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.40 Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are applicable to discharges resulting...

40 CFR 458.40 - Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... carbon black lamp process subcategory. 458.40 Section 458.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.40 Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are applicable to discharges resulting from the...

78 FR 45057 - Safety Zone; Alpena Area HOG Rally Fireworks, Alpena, Michigan

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-26

...-AA00 Safety Zone; Alpena Area HOG Rally Fireworks, Alpena, Michigan AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION... rally in Alpena, Michigan with a fireworks display. Fireworks will be launched near the end of Mason Street, South of State Avenue, approximately 50 yards west of Thunder Bay in Alpena, Michigan. The...

Principles in sampling design, lessons, and recommendations from a multi-year, multi-port surveillance program in Lake Superior

EPA Science Inventory

We evaluated a pilot aquatic invasive species (AIS) early detection monitoring program in Lake Superior that was designed to detect newly-introduced fishes. We established survey protocols for three major ports (Duluth-Superior, Sault Ste. Marie, Thunder Bay), and designed an ada...

78 FR 8504 - Combined Notice of Filings #1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-06

... II Wind Farm LLC, Fowler Ridge III Wind Farm LLC, Fowler Ridge Wind Farm LLC, Goshen Phase II LLC, Long Island Solar Farm LLC, Mehoopany Wind Energy LLC, Rolling Thunder I Power Partners, LLC, Watson... Farm LLC, Burley Butte Wind Park, LLC, Camp Reed Wind Park, LLC, Golden Valley Wind Park, LL,; Milner...

Environmental Assessment for the Expansion of Permitted Land and Operations at the 9940 Complex and Thunder Range at Sandia National Laboratories/New Mexico

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

vivipara Hidden flower Cryptantha crassisepala Hidden flower Cryptantha fulvocanescens James’s hidden flower Cryptantha jamesii Buffalo gourd...pumila Bigbract verbena ta Verbena bractea Banana yucca ta Yucca bacca Soapweed yucca Yucca glauca Rocky Mountain zinnia Zinnia grandiflora A-9

15 CFR 922.198 - Procedures for determining watercraft and related items which sink on or after the date of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and related items which sink on or after the date of Sanctuary designation to be an underwater... AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL MARINE SANCTUARY PROGRAM REGULATIONS Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve § 922.198 Procedures for determining watercraft and related...

Seral stage classification and monitoring model for big sagebrush/western wheatgrass/blue grama habitat

Treesearch

Lakhdar Benkobi; Daniel W. Uresk

1996-01-01

An ecological classification model for seral stages was developed for big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata) shrub steppe habitat in Thunder Basin National Grassland, Wyoming. Four seral stages (early to late succession) were defined in this habitat type. Ecological seral stages were quantitatively identified with an estimated 92% level of accuracy...

Research & Consultation on: Access and Transition into Ontario Teacher Education for Under-Represented Groups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, John R.; And Others

This research project analyzed results of data collection from surveys of and interviews with a population of underrepresented groups at three Canadian university sites: Windsor, London, and Thunder Bay (Ontario). The project designed a program for transition from secondary and/or undergraduate university level education or concurrent or…

KSC-82PC-0669

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-06-27

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. - STS-4 thunders away from Launch Pad 39A at 10:59:59 a.m. EDT, bound for a seven-day Earth orbital mission and the final developmental flight for the Space Transportation System. The fourth Space Shuttle mission is piloted by Commander Ken Mattingly and Pilot Henry Hartsfield Jr. Photo Credit: NASA

Our Natural Heritage: A Handbook for Teachers [and] Student Worksheets.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harker, Donald F., Jr.; And Others

Activities to help students in grades 4-6 learn about Kentucky's natural heritage are provided in three sections. Part I offers lesson plans to supplement "Thunder At Middle Ground," a four-part childrens' television series which explores Kentucky's precious natural areas. The four programs focus on the five major natural systems in…

Entrepreneurship Education and Training: The Building of a Centre of Expertise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clayton, Graham

Confederation College (CC) in Thunder Bay, Ontario, is recognized internationally for its expertise in entrepreneurship education. CC began its work in this area in 1983-84 with two pilot projects providing community outreach service. Since then, the college has established the following programs: the Northwest Enterprise Centre (NEC), which…

Exploring Prejudice in Young Adult Literature through Drama and Role Play.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bontempo, Barbara T.

1995-01-01

States that the adolescent years are timely years for addressing problems of discrimination, prejudice, and cultural differences. Argues that dramatization of the thoughts, feelings, and experiences of characters can provide students with an understanding of those issues. Uses Mildred Taylor's "Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry" as an example, and…

Resource Documentation and Recharge Area Delineation of a Large Fluvial Karst System: Carroll Cave, Missouri

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Located along Wet Glaize Creek in the central Missouri Ozarks, Toronto Spring is a distributary spring system where surface stream flow mixes with flow from the Carroll Cave system. Following recharge area delineations for Thunder River and Confusion Creek in Carroll Cave, flow from these rivers wa...

Storylines: An Anthology of Told Stories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ontario Dept. of Education, Toronto.

This book contains 29 stories recorded during an oral history project conducted in the spring of 1991. The stories were told to adult literacy students from 28 literacy projects in Ontario (Canada). They record the authentic voices of the following groups: native people in Thunder Bay and Golden Lake, women in Kingston and Killaloe, deaf people in…

Re-Mediating Classroom Activity with a Non-Linear, Multi-Display Presentation Tool

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bligh, Brett; Coyle, Do

2013-01-01

This paper uses an Activity Theory framework to evaluate the use of a novel, multi-screen, non-linear presentation tool. The Thunder tool allows presenters to manipulate and annotate multiple digital slides and to concurrently display a selection of juxtaposed resources across a wall-sized projection area. Conventional, single screen presentation…

Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting (Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada, May 23-27, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pothier, Yvonne M., Ed.

This document contains the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Canadian Mathematics Education Study Group. Papers include: (1) "What Does It Really Mean To Teach Mathematics through Inquiry?" (Raffaella Borasi); (2) "The High School Math Curriculum" (Peter Taylor); (3) "Triple Embodiment: Studies of Mathematical…

76 FR 78234 - Medicine Bow-Routt National Forests and Thunder Basin National Grassland, Campbell County, WY...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-16

... the road construction, the final easement would be acquired by Campbell County, and this road will be... National Grassland, Campbell County, WY; Mackey Road Relocation AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION... authorize Peabody Powder River Mining, LLC to vacate and relocate portions of Campbell County Road 69...

Measuring Effects Of Lightning On Power And Telephone Lines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jafferis, William; Thompson, E. M.; Medelius, P.; Rubinstein, M.; Tzeng, A.

1992-01-01

Spherical antenna senses both horizontal and vertical fields simultaneously. Measures "fast" components of electric field used in conjunction with other equipment, including antenna measuring "slow" vertical component of electric field; microphone that senses thunder; cameras making visual records, which locate lightning; magnetic-field sensor; optical sensors; and instruments measuring speed and direction of wind.

Flash-Bang Detector to Model the Attenuation of High-Energy Photons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pagsanjan, N., III; Kelley, N. A.; Smith, D. M.; Sample, J. G.

2015-12-01

It has been known for years that lightning and thunderstorms produce gamma rays and x-rays. Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are extremely bright bursts of gamma rays originating from thunderstorms. X-ray stepped leaders are bursts of x-rays coming from the lightning channel. It is known that the attenuation of these high-energy photons is a function of distance, losing energy and intensity at larger distances. To complement gamma-ray detectors on the ground it would be useful to measure the distance to the flash. Knowing the distance would allow for the true source fluence of gamma rays or x-rays to be modeled. A flash-bang detector, which uses a micro-controller, a photodiode, a microphone and temperature sensor will be able to detect the times at which lightning and thunder occurs. Knowing the speed of sound as function of temperature and the time difference between the flash and the thunder, the range to the lightning can be calculated. We will present the design of our detector as well as some preliminary laboratory test results.

Synergistic anticancer effects of triptolide and celastrol, two main compounds from thunder god vine.

PubMed

Jiang, Qi-Wei; Cheng, Ke-Jun; Mei, Xiao-Long; Qiu, Jian-Ge; Zhang, Wen-Ji; Xue, You-Qiu; Qin, Wu-Ming; Yang, Yang; Zheng, Di-Wei; Chen, Yao; Wei, Meng-Ning; Zhang, Xu; Lv, Min; Chen, Mei-Wan; Wei, Xing; Shi, Zhi

2015-10-20

Triptolide and celastrol are two main active compounds isolated from Thunder God Vine with the potent anticancer activity. However, the anticancer effect of triptolide in combination with celastrol is still unknown. In the present study, we demonstrated that the combination of triptolide with celastrol synergistically induced cell growth inhibition, cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase and apoptosis with the increased intracellular ROS accumulation in cancer cells. Pretreatment with ROS scavenger N-acetyl-L-cysteine dramatically blocked the apoptosis induced by co-treatment with triptolide and celastrol. Treatment with celastrol alone led to the decreased expressions of HSP90 client proteins including survivin, AKT, EGFR, which was enhanced by the addition of triptolide. Additionally, the celastrol-induced expression of HSP70 and HSP27 was abrogated by triptolide. In the nude mice with xenograft tumors, the lower-dose combination of triptolide with celastrol significantly inhibited the growth of tumors without obvious toxicity. Overall, triptolide in combination with celastrol showed outstanding synergistic anticancer effect in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that this beneficial combination may offer a promising treatment option for cancer patients.

Celastrol: Molecular targets of Thunder God Vine.

PubMed

Salminen, Antero; Lehtonen, Marko; Paimela, Tuomas; Kaarniranta, Kai

2010-04-09

Celastrol, a quinone methide triterpene, is a pharmacologically active compound present in Thunder God Vine root extracts used as a remedy of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, e.g. rheumatoid arthritis. Celastrol is one of the most promising medicinal molecules isolated from the plant extracts of traditional medicines. Molecular studies have identified several molecular targets which are mostly centered on the inhibition of IKK-NF-kappaB signaling. Celastrol (i) inhibits directly the IKKalpha and beta kinases, (ii) inactivates the Cdc37 and p23 proteins which are co-chaperones of HSP90, (iii) inhibits the function of proteasomes, and (iv) activates the HSF1 and subsequently triggers the heat shock response. It seems that the quinone methide structure present in celastrol can react with the thiol groups of cysteine residues, forming covalent protein adducts. In laboratory experiments, celastrol has proved to be a potent inhibitor of inflammatory responses and cancer formation as well as alleviating diseases of proteostasis deficiency. Celastrol needs still to pass several hurdles, e.g. ADMET assays, before it can enter the armoury of western drugs. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Controlled Aeroelastic Response and Airfoil Shaping Using Adaptive Materials and Integrated Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinkerton, Jennifer L.; McGowan, Anna-Maria R.; Moses, Robert W.; Scott, Robert C.; Heeg, Jennifer

1996-01-01

This paper presents an overview of several activities of the Aeroelasticity Branch at the NASA Langley Research Center in the area of applying adaptive materials and integrated systems for controlling both aircraft aeroelastic response and airfoil shape. The experimental results of four programs are discussed: the Piezoelectric Aeroelastic Response Tailoring Investigation (PARTI); the Adaptive Neural Control of Aeroelastic Response (ANCAR) program; the Actively Controlled Response of Buffet Affected Tails (ACROBAT) program; and the Airfoil THUNDER Testing to Ascertain Characteristics (ATTACH) project. The PARTI program demonstrated active flutter control and significant rcductions in aeroelastic response at dynamic pressures below flutter using piezoelectric actuators. The ANCAR program seeks to demonstrate the effectiveness of using neural networks to schedule flutter suppression control laws. Th,e ACROBAT program studied the effectiveness of a number of candidate actuators, including a rudder and piezoelectric actuators, to alleviate vertical tail buffeting. In the ATTACH project, the feasibility of using Thin-Layer Composite-Uimorph Piezoelectric Driver and Sensor (THUNDER) wafers to control airfoil aerodynamic characteristics was investigated. Plans for future applications are also discussed.

Characterization of infrasound from lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Assink, J. D.; Evers, L. G.; Holleman, I.; Paulssen, H.

2008-08-01

During thunderstorm activity in the Netherlands, electromagnetic and infrasonic signals are emitted due to the process of lightning and thunder. It is shown that correlating infrasound detections with results from a electromagnetic lightning detection network is successful up to distances of 50 km from the infrasound array. Infrasound recordings clearly show blastwave characteristics which can be related to cloud-ground discharges, with a dominant frequency between 1-5 Hz. Amplitude measurements of CG discharges can partly be explained by the beam pattern of a line source with a dominant frequency of 3.9 Hz, up to a distance of 20 km. The ability to measure lightning activity with infrasound arrays has both positive and negative implications for CTBT verification purposes. As a scientific application, lightning studies can benefit from the worldwide infrasound verification system.

Acoustic and infrasonic measurements of thunder during the HyMeX SOP1 campaign in 2012 and comparison with new modeling results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacroix, Arthur; Farges, Thomas; Marchiano, Regis; Coulouvrat, François

2017-04-01

Thunder is composed of complex acoustic waves with a rich infrasonic and audible frequency spectrum. This complexity depends both on the source and the propagation of the wave to the observer. However there is no mutual agreement on the link between the observed spectral content and the generation mechanisms. The objective of this study is to provide new experimental results and their comparison to theoretical investigations. An acoustic station was deployed in Fall 2012 during the first Special Operation Period of the HyMeX project in South of France. This station was composed of 4 microphones arranged in a triangle of 50-m side with one of them at the center and 4 microbarometers arranged in a triangle of 500-m side with one of them co-localized with the central microphone (Defer et al., 2015). During more than 2 months, about ten thunderstorms occurred over the station producing many cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes. Several thousands of acoustic signals and electromagnetic detections from research and operational lightning location networks were recorded. Our database contains a sufficient number of flashes close to the source (< 1km) to minimize propagation effects and to focus on the source effects. The 3D reconstruction of the acoustical sources using the acoustic signals (from 1 to 40 Hz) shows that these signals are mainly localized inside the lightning channel joining the cloud to the ground and produced during the return stroke phase of the flashes (Gallin et al., 2016). These observations are compatible with a source mechanism due to the thermal expansion associated to the sudden heating of the air in the lightning channel. An original model inspired by Few's string pearl theory (Few, 1969) has been developed. It shows that the tortuous channel geometry explains at least partly the low frequency content of observed thunder spectrum.

Five-year evaluation of habitat remediation in Thunder Bay, Lake Huron: Comparison of constructed reef characteristics that attract spawning lake trout

USGS Publications Warehouse

Marsden, J. Ellen; Binder, Thomas R.; Johnson, James; He, Ji; Dingledine, Natalie; Adams, Janice; Johnson, Nicholas S.; Buchinger, Tyler J.; Krueger, Charles C.

2016-01-01

Degradation of aquatic habitats has motivated construction and research on the use of artificial reefs to enhance production of fish populations. However, reefs are often poorly planned, reef design characteristics are not evaluated, and reef assessments are short-term. We constructed 29 reefs in Thunder Bay, Lake Huron, in 2010 and 2011 to mitigate for degradation of a putative lake trout spawning reef. Reefs were designed to evaluate lake trout preferences for height, orientation, and size, and were compared with two degraded natural reefs and a high-quality natural reef (East Reef). Eggs and fry were sampled on each reef for five years post-construction, and movements of 40 tagged lake trout were tracked during three spawning seasons using acoustic telemetry. Numbers of adults and spawning on the constructed reefs were initially low, but increased significantly over the five years, while remaining consistent on East Reef. Adult density, egg deposition, and fry catch were not related to reef height or orientation of the constructed reefs, but were related to reef size and adjacency to East Reef. Adult lake trout visited and spawned on all except the smallest constructed reefs. Of the metrics used to evaluate the reefs, acoustic telemetry produced the most valuable and consistent data, including fine-scale examination of lake trout movements relative to individual reefs. Telemetry data, supplemented with diver observations, identified several previously unknown natural spawning sites, including the high-use portions of East Reef. Reef construction has increased the capacity for fry production in Thunder Bay without apparently decreasing the use of the natural reef. Results of this project emphasize the importance of multi-year reef assessment, use of multiple assessment methods, and comparison of reef characteristics when developing artificial reef projects. Specific guidelines for construction of reefs focused on enhancing lake trout spawning are suggested.

Oral health inequalities between young Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in Ontario, Canada.

PubMed

Lawrence, Herenia P; Binguis, Darlene; Douglas, Jan; McKeown, Lynda; Switzer, Bonita; Figueiredo, Rafael; Reade, Margaret

2009-12-01

To investigate (i) oral health inequalities between off-reserve Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children entering junior kindergarten (JK) in the Thunder Bay District, Northwest Ontario, Canada, (ii) oral health inequalities between kindergarten-aged (4 years old) Aboriginal children living on reserves in the Sioux Lookout Zone (SLZ), Northwest Ontario and those living off-reserve in the Thunder Bay District and (iii) early childhood caries (ECC) trends among SLZ children between 2001 and 2005. Cross-sectional oral health data (dmft/s Indices) for 416 (2003/2004), 687 (2004/2005) and 544 (2005/2006) 3- to 5-year olds attending JK in the Thunder Bay District were collected by calibrated dental hygienists with the District's Health Unit. Secondary analysis of oral health status data from two studies conducted in the SLZ between 2001 and 2005 provided the dmft of random samples of children younger than 6 years of age living in 16-20 First Nations communities. When compared with non-Aboriginal children aged 3-5 years attending the same schools in the Thunder Bay District between 2003 and 2006, off-reserve Aboriginal children had 1.9 to 2.3 times the risk of having ECC (dmft > 0), 2.9 to 3.5 times the risk of a dmft > 3 and 1.8 to 2.5 times the risk of untreated decayed teeth after adjusting the prevalence ratios for child's age and sex, school's risk level and clustered-correlated data. The mean dmft of on-reserve Aboriginal 4-year olds in 2005 was 11.2 and 5.9 for their off-reserve Aboriginal counterparts. In 2001, the mean dmft scores (95% confidence interval) of 2-, 3- and 4-year-old Aboriginal children in the SLZ were: 9.1 (8.3-9.9), 12.4 (11.8-13.1), 13.1 (12.1-14.2). In 2005, similarly aged SLZ children had a mean dmft of: 6.2 (5.2-7.1), 8.9 (8.2-9.6), 11.2 (10.5-11.9), representing significant reductions in caries severity (32%, 28% and 14.5%, respectively). Significant disparities in caries experience exist between off-reserve Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal children living in the same locales and between Aboriginal children living on- and off-reserve in northwestern Ontario. The study showed decreased trends in the severity of ECC for children in the SLZ occurring over the 5-year period. Despite this progress, the oral health of young Aboriginal children in Ontario continues to lag far behind that of non-Aboriginal children, demanding further programs and policies to tackle the social determinants of oral health and resolve these inequalities.

Rolling Thunder to Linebacker: U.S. Fixed Wing Survivability Over North Vietnam

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-13

it highly as a propaganda example of their victory over the imperialist French . It was hoped that the thorough destruction of this symbol would be a...... French , with a brief intermission against the Japanese in World War II, had conditioned and hardened the populace to a life of constant war and struggle

Video as Character: The Use of Video Technology in Theatrical Productions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trimble, Frank P.

The use of video images, tempered with good judgment and some restraint, can serve a stage play as opposed to stealing its thunder. An experienced director of university theater productions decided to try to incorporate video images into his production of "Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat." The production drew from the works…

JPRS Report, Science & Technology, Japan

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-06

Sought ( Nobuaki Teraoka; PUROMETEUSU, Nov 87) 62 IPCR Molecular Laser Uranium Enrichment Method Discussed (GENSHIRYOKU IINKAI GEPPO, Nov 87... Kobayashi ) Investigation of Tokyo University character of winter (Professor Tatsuo thunder on Japan Kawamura, Sea side by new Assistant...PUROMETEUSU in Japanese Nov 87 pp 78-81 [Article by Nobuaki Teraoka, Technology Development Division, Atomic Energy Bureau, Science and Technology Agency

Storms & Blizzards. The Natural Disaster Series. Grades 4-8.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Micallef, Mary

This document provides a unit of lessons and activities on thunder storms and blizzards that are intended to provide students with a basic understanding of the causes and consequences of these natural disasters. The booklet is designed to be used in correlation with a science unit or as a supplement to an elementary science curriculum. The lessons…

Don't Make Me Laugh: People Are Funny in "Wall-E" and "Tropic Thunder"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beck, Bernard

2009-01-01

The current difficulties of making challenging humor while respecting the legitimate sensibilities of stigmatized people are discussed. Two very different movie comedies include jokes about people. One is received with outrage on behalf of the group that is made the butt of the jokes, people who are "mentally challenged"; the other, about…

Thunder on the Right: Past and Present.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Robert C.

Present day right wing attacks on schools and the back to basics movement are in many ways similar to the criticisms made during the McCarthy era of 1949-54, neither movement offering any novel solutions to educational or social problems. Allen A. Zoll and the National Council on American Education provided much rhetoric on constitutional rights…

Acid Thunder: Acid Rain and Ancient Mesoamerica

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kahl, Jonathan D. W.; Berg, Craig A.

2006-01-01

Much of Mesoamerica's rich cultural heritage is slowly eroding because of acid rain. Just as water dissolves an Alka-Seltzer tablet, acid rain erodes the limestone surfaces of Mexican archaeological sites at a rate of about one-half millimeter per century (Bravo et al. 2003). A half-millimeter may not seem like much, but at this pace, a few…

Bhutan: Educational Challenges in the Land of the Thunder Dragon

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, June A.

2013-01-01

The Himalayan Kingdom of Bhutan, where images of magical splendor obscure its challenges, provides a viewpoint from which to understand the contradictions that emerging economies face as they move towards mass education. Isolated from the outside world in every sense except for the mythologies that surround it, Bhutan is attempting to move from a…

Developments in Entrepreneurship Education at Confederation College of Applied Arts and Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clayton, Graham

In 1988, Confederation College and Lakehead University jointly established the Centre of Entrepreneurship for the Northwest (CEN) at Thunder Bay (Ontario). The CEN was expected to meet the general student population's need for broad awareness of the role and importance of entrepreneurship to the Canadian economy, as well as the needs of a small…

76 FR 77008 - Notice of Intent To Prepare Environmental Impact Statements and Supplemental Environmental Impact...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-09

...] Vernal RMP (2008) [cir] Uinta National Forest Revised Forest Plan (2003) (FS) Wyoming (please note that...] Bighorn Basin RMP revision [cir] Buffalo RMP revision (and existing 1985 Buffalo RMP) [cir] Casper RMP...] Thunder Basin National Grassland LMP (not included in BLM Wyoming Notice of Intent above) (FS) Within the...

40 CFR 458.40 - Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory. 458.40 Section 458.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process...

40 CFR 458.40 - Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the carbon black lamp process subcategory. 458.40 Section 458.40 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process...

Safe Discussions Rather Than First Hand Encounters: Adolescents Examine Racism through One Historical Fiction Text

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brooks, Wanda; Hampton, Gregory

2005-01-01

This article presents a case study class response to Mildred Taylor's now classic and widely read novel, "Roll of Thunder Hear My Cry." Through data collected during one school year, the ways urban, adolescent students use their contemporary lenses to interpret the literary theme of "confronting, overcoming and challenging racism" are discussed.…

A Study of Three Chippewa Families at Warroad, Minnesota and Their Historical and Cultural Contributions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Landin, Grace

The study presents some aspects of American Indian history and culture of the Warroad, Minnesota region, examining three well-known Chippewa families--Ka-Kay-Geesick, Lightning, and Thunder. These families were selected because of their significance in the area--Ka-Kay-Geesick was a well-known medicine man; the Lightning name is associated with…

Relevant Prior Knowledge Moderates the Effect of Elaboration during Small Group Discussion on Academic Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Blankenstein, Floris M.; Dolmans, Diana H. J. M.; Van der Vleuten, Cees P. M.; Schmidt, Henk G.

2013-01-01

This study set out to test whether relevant prior knowledge would moderate a positive effect on academic achievement of elaboration during small-group discussion. In a 2 × 2 experimental design, 66 undergraduate students observed a video showing a small-group problem-based discussion about thunder and lightning. In the video, a teacher asked…

The Effects of Leadership on Carrier Air Wing Sixteen’s Loss Rates during Operation Rolling Thunder, 1965-1968

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-16

7 Corsair . As the war in Southeast Asia expanded, the massive amounts of ordnance being dropped on Laos, Cambodia, South Vietnam, and North Vietnam...over North Vietnam. Though gravely wounded, one of Foster’s main concerns while he 89 lay in the Oriskany’s sick bay was the impact on Tom Spitzer

Lightning control system using high power microwave FEL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shiho, M.; Watanbe, A.; Kawasaki, S.

A research project for developing a thunder lightning control system using an induction linac based high power microwave free electron laser (FEL) started at JAERI The system will produce weakly ionized plasma rod in the atmosphere by high power microwaves and control a lightning path, away from , e. g., nuclear power stations and rocket launchers. It has been known that about MW/cm{sup 2} power density is enough for the atmospheric breakdown in the microwave region, and which means high power microwave FEL with GW level output power is feasible for atmospheric breakdown, and accordingly is feasible for thunder lightningmore » control tool with making a conductive plasma channel in the atmosphere. From the microwave attenuation consideration in the atmosphere, FEL of 35GHz(0.13dB/km), 90GHz(0.35dB/km), 140GHz(1.7dB/km), and of 270 GHz(4.5dB/km) are the best candidates for the system. Comparing with other proposed lightning control system using visible or ultraviolet laser, the system using microwave has an advantage that microwave suffers smaller attenuation by rain or snow which always exist in the real atmospheric circumstances when lightning occurs.« less

Configural face processing impacts race disparities in humanization and trust

PubMed Central

Cassidy, Brittany S.; Krendl, Anne C.; Stanko, Kathleen A.; Rydell, Robert J.; Young, Steven G.; Hugenberg, Kurt

2018-01-01

The dehumanization of Black Americans is an ongoing societal problem. Reducing configural face processing, a well-studied aspect of typical face encoding, decreases the activation of human-related concepts to White faces, suggesting that the extent that faces are configurally processed contributes to dehumanization. Because Black individuals are more dehumanized relative to White individuals, the current work examined how configural processing might contribute to their greater dehumanization. Study 1 showed that inverting faces (which reduces configural processing) reduced the activation of human-related concepts toward Black more than White faces. Studies 2a and 2b showed that reducing configural processing affects dehumanization by decreasing trust and increasing homogeneity among Black versus White faces. Studies 3a–d showed that configural processing effects emerge in racial outgroups for whom untrustworthiness may be a more salient group stereotype (i.e., Black, but not Asian, faces). Study 4 provided evidence that these effects are specific to reduced configural processing versus more general perceptual disfluency. Reduced configural processing may thus contribute to the greater dehumanization of Black relative to White individuals. PMID:29910510

Effects of temperature on the quality of black garlic.

PubMed

Zhang, Xinyan; Li, Ningyang; Lu, Xiaoming; Liu, Pengli; Qiao, Xuguang

2016-05-01

Black garlic is a type of garlic product that is generally produced by heating raw garlic at high temperature with controlled humidity for more than 30 days. Black garlic has appeared on the market for many years. It is crucial to investigate the characteristics of quality formation of black garlic during processing at various temperatures. In this study, fresh garlic was processed to black garlic at temperatures of 60, 70, 80 and 90 °C. Moisture, amino acid nitrogen and allicin contents decreased gradually during thermal processing of various temperatures. Reducing sugar, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, total phenols, total acids contents and browning increased. The changing rate of quality indicators and flavour of black garlic varied at different temperatures. Browning intensity reached about 74 when black garlic aged. The sensory score was significantly higher in black garlic aged at 70 °C (39.95 ± 0.31) compared with that at other temperatures, suggesting that 70 °C might facilitate formation of good quality and flavour of black garlic during processing. Temperature had a remarkable impact on the quality and flavour of black garlic. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Carbon black dispersion pre-plating technology for printed wire board manufacturing. Final technology evaluation report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Folsom, D.W.; Gavaskar, A.R.; Jones, J.A.

1993-10-01

The project compared chemical use, waste generation, cost, and product quality between electroless copper and carbon-black-based preplating technologies at the printed wire board (PWB) manufacturing facility of McCurdy Circuits in Orange, CA. The carbon-black based preplating technology evaluated is used as an alternative process for electroless copper (EC) plating of through-holes before electrolytic copper plating. The specific process used at McCurdy is the BlackHole (BH) technology process, which uses a dispersion of carbon black in an aqueous solution to provide a conductive surface for subsequent electrolytic copper plating. The carbon-black dispersion technology provided effective waste reduction and long-term cost savings.more » The economic analysis determined that the new process was cost efficient because chemical use was reduced and the process proved more efficient; the payback period was less than 4 yrs.« less

40 CFR 458.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory... apply to this subpart. (b) The term “product” shall mean carbon black manufactured by the lamp process. ...

40 CFR 458.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory... apply to this subpart. (b) The term “product” shall mean carbon black manufactured by the lamp process. ...

Cognitive and emotional demands of black humour processing: the role of intelligence, aggressiveness and mood.

PubMed

Willinger, Ulrike; Hergovich, Andreas; Schmoeger, Michaela; Deckert, Matthias; Stoettner, Susanne; Bunda, Iris; Witting, Andrea; Seidler, Melanie; Moser, Reinhilde; Kacena, Stefanie; Jaeckle, David; Loader, Benjamin; Mueller, Christian; Auff, Eduard

2017-05-01

Humour processing is a complex information-processing task that is dependent on cognitive and emotional aspects which presumably influence frame-shifting and conceptual blending, mental operations that underlie humour processing. The aim of the current study was to find distinctive groups of subjects with respect to black humour processing, intellectual capacities, mood disturbance and aggressiveness. A total of 156 adults rated black humour cartoons and conducted measurements of verbal and nonverbal intelligence, mood disturbance and aggressiveness. Cluster analysis yields three groups comprising following properties: (1) moderate black humour preference and moderate comprehension; average nonverbal and verbal intelligence; low mood disturbance and moderate aggressiveness; (2) low black humour preference and moderate comprehension; average nonverbal and verbal intelligence, high mood disturbance and high aggressiveness; and (3) high black humour preference and high comprehension; high nonverbal and verbal intelligence; no mood disturbance and low aggressiveness. Age and gender do not differ significantly, differences in education level can be found. Black humour preference and comprehension are positively associated with higher verbal and nonverbal intelligence as well as higher levels of education. Emotional instability and higher aggressiveness apparently lead to decreased levels of pleasure when dealing with black humour. These results support the hypothesis that humour processing involves cognitive as well as affective components and suggest that these variables influence the execution of frame-shifting and conceptual blending in the course of humour processing.

40 CFR 458.20 - Applicability: description of the carbon black thermal process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability: description of the carbon black thermal process subcategory. 458.20 Section 458.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Thermal...

40 CFR 458.10 - Applicability; description of the carbon black furnace process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the carbon black furnace process subcategory. 458.10 Section 458.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Furnace...

40 CFR 458.30 - Applicability; description of the carbon black channel process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability; description of the carbon black channel process subcategory. 458.30 Section 458.30 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Channel...

40 CFR 458.10 - Applicability; description of the carbon black furnace process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the carbon black furnace process subcategory. 458.10 Section 458.10 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Furnace...

40 CFR 458.20 - Applicability: description of the carbon black thermal process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Applicability: description of the carbon black thermal process subcategory. 458.20 Section 458.20 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Thermal...

40 CFR 458.30 - Applicability; description of the carbon black channel process subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Applicability; description of the carbon black channel process subcategory. 458.30 Section 458.30 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Channel...

Surviving The Computer Lab A Real-World Weather Unit. In the Curriculum: Technology Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poteete, Holly

2004-01-01

Imagine this? As students walk into the room, I have a thunderstorm CD playing in the background. I ask the students to come into the room quietly and listen to the sounds. After taking attendance, students share what they heard: "thunder," "rain," "birds." I then tell them to watch the screen, where they see an online streaming video of a…

From Thunder Rose to when Marian Sang . . . Behold the Power of African American Female Characters! Reading to Encourage Self-Worth, Inform/Inspire, and Bring Pleasure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brinson, Sabrina A.

2009-01-01

Stories are important teaching tools. To ensure that young children are informed and experience more than a handful of African American women and girls' stories and authors, this article showcases notable and little-known accomplishments of exceptional women, real and imaginary. Brinson offers an annotated list of children's literature, fiction…

Teaching Guide for Indian Literature. Volume II. Reading Level 6 and Above.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Campbell, Diana; McCarty, T. L., Ed.

The guide contains detailed suggestions for teaching 10 books about Indians to older students who read easily and are ready to be introduced to serious literature. The books are When the Legends Die; Laughing Boy; Dancehall of the Dead; The Man Who Killed The Deer; Rolling Thunder; House Made of Dawn; Yes Is Better Than No; The Man To Send Rain…

Recent Airpower Approaches to Counterinsurgency Operations

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

for about four years, with intermittent pauses, and were essentially part of a risk strategy that was designed to compel the North Vietnamese to...intensity designed to coerce the enemy by increasing their level of suffering.22 On 1 November 1968 President Johnson discontinued Rolling Thunder in an...States launched successive campaigns in Afghanistan and Iraq designed to remove governments that were thought to be supporting terrorist groups. The

When lightning strikes: bolting down the facts & fiction.

PubMed

Usatch, Ben

2009-04-01

MYTH: There's no danger from lightning until the rain starts. FACT: Lightning often precedes the storm by up to 10 miles. A reasonable guideline is the "30-30 rule," by which you count the seconds between the flash and the thunder. If the time span is less than 30 seconds, seek shelter. Additionally, wait a full 30 minutes from last lightning flash to resume outdoor activities.

A model to forecast short-term snowmelt runoff using synoptic observations of streamflow, temperature, and precipitation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tangborn, Wendell V.

1980-01-01

Snowmelt runoff is forecast with a statistical model that utilizes daily values of stream discharge, gaged precipitation, and maximum and minimum observations of air temperature. Synoptic observations of these variables are made at existing low- and medium-altitude weather stations, thus eliminating the difficulties and expense of new, high-altitude installations. Four model development steps are used to demonstrate the influence on prediction accuracy of basin storage, a preforecast test season, air temperature (to estimate ablation), and a prediction based on storage. Daily ablation is determined by a technique that employs both mean temperature and a radiative index. Radiation (both long- and short-wave components) is approximated by using the range in daily temperature, which is shown to be closely related to mean cloud cover. A technique based on the relationship between prediction error and prediction season weather utilizes short-term forecasts of precipitation and temperature to improve the final prediction. Verification of the model is accomplished by a split sampling technique for the 1960–1977 period. Short- term (5–15 days) predictions of runoff throughout the main snowmelt season are demonstrated for mountain drainages in western Washington, south-central Arizona, western Montana, and central California. The coefficient of prediction (Cp) based on actual, short-term predictions for 18 years is for Thunder Creek (Washington), 0.69; for South Fork Flathead River (Montana), 0.45; for the Black River (Arizona), 0.80; and for the Kings River (California), 0.80.

Safeguards Approaches for Black Box Processes or Facilities

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Diaz-Marcano, Helly; Gitau, Ernest TN; Hockert, John

2013-09-25

The objective of this study is to determine whether a safeguards approach can be developed for “black box” processes or facilities. These are facilities where a State or operator may limit IAEA access to specific processes or portions of a facility; in other cases, the IAEA may be prohibited access to the entire facility. The determination of whether a black box process or facility is safeguardable is dependent upon the details of the process type, design, and layout; the specific limitations on inspector access; and the restrictions placed upon the design information that can be provided to the IAEA. Thismore » analysis identified the necessary conditions for safeguardability of black box processes and facilities.« less

How Black women make sense of 'White' and 'Black' fashion magazines: a qualitative think aloud study.

PubMed

Ogden, Jane; Russell, Sheriden

2013-12-01

This qualitative think aloud study explored how Black women (n = 32) processed information from a White or Black fashion magazine. Comments to the 'White' magazine were characterised by rejection, being critical of the media and ambivalence, whereas they responded to the 'Black' magazine with celebration, identification and a search for depth. Transcending these themes was their self-identity of being a Black woman that was brought to the fore either by a sense of exclusion (White magazine) or engagement (Black magazine). Such an identity provides resilience against the media's thin ideals by minimising the processes of social comparison and internalisation.

Electrification of Shaken Granular Flows as a Model of Natural Storm Charging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kara, O.; Nordsiek, F.; Lathrop, D. P.

2015-12-01

The charging of particulates in nature is widespread and observed in thunderstorms, volcanic ash clouds, thunder-snow, and dust storms. However the mechanism of charge separation at large (> 1km) scale is poorly understood. We perform simple laboratory experiments to better understand the collective phenomena involved in granular electrification. We confine granular particles in an oscillating cylindrical chamber which is enclosed and sealed by two conducting plates. The primary measurement is the voltage difference between the two plates. We find that collective effects occurring in the bulk of the material play a significant role in the electrification process. We extend that by addition of photodetection capabilities to the experimental chamber to detect electrical discharges between the particles and each other and the plates. We present measurements of electrical discharges in addition to the slower dynamics of voltage variation in the system.

Waterborne Commerce of the United States Calendar Year 1987. Part 3. Waterways and Harbors Great Lakes

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-05-31

0-;......... .......... ALPENA HARBOR, MICH. SE CTION INCLUDEDl6. j LOWE 4,00 FET OF RIVER ANDPRIVATE HARORS NORTH IF MOUTH OF THUNDER...1,821,� 1967..................................................... 1,968,6s DETROIT, hMI, DISTRICT 31 ALPENA HARBOR, MICH...TANKER N050RG TANKER OR DRY CARGO TANKER DRY CARGO TUGBOAT DRY CARGO TUGBOATIO ALPENA HARGORP MICH. I BON OUTIOUND 22 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2 34

A Wireless Internet-Based Observatory: The Real-time Coastal Observation Network (ReCON)

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-09-01

48105 J. J. Gray National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary 500 W. Fletcher St. Alpena , MI 49707 S...underwater hubs with sensors. Shore Station Buoy or Permanent Station Alpena Muskegon Milwaukee Ann Arbor Chicago Cleveland Toledo...meteorological station located on TBI, and a shore station located at the Maritime Heritage Center in Alpena , MI. A digital video camera will be connected to

Twenty-First-Century Aerial Mining

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

Journal | 132 Views later days of Operation Rolling Thunder, carrier aircraft were mining inland roads and waterways.11 Aircraft from the Coral Sea...head. In reality, one cannot count on timely intelligence and strategic warning, and the first wave of any amphibious assault will probably make it...but the follow-up waves . At Tarawa, had follow-on waves been successfully in- terdicted on the first day, the assault might have failed. At Omaha

15 CFR Appendix B to Subpart R of... - Minor Projects for Purposes of § 922.193(a)(2)(iii)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

....193(a)(2)(iii) B Appendix B to Subpart R of Part 922 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating... Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. B Appendix B to Subpart R of Part 922—Minor Projects for Purposes of § 922.193(a)(2)(iii) Pursuant to Michigan State...

15 CFR Appendix B to Subpart R of... - Minor Projects for Purposes of § 922.193(a)(2)(iii)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

....193(a)(2)(iii) B Appendix B to Subpart R of Part 922 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating... Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. B Appendix B to Subpart R of Part 922—Minor Projects for Purposes of § 922.193(a)(2)(iii) Pursuant to Michigan State...

15 CFR Appendix B to Subpart R of... - Minor Projects for Purposes of § 922.193(a)(2)(iii)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

....193(a)(2)(iii) B Appendix B to Subpart R of Part 922 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating... Thunder Bay National Marine Sanctuary and Underwater Preserve Pt. 922, Subpt. R, App. B Appendix B to Subpart R of Part 922—Minor Projects for Purposes of § 922.193(a)(2)(iii) Pursuant to Michigan State...

[Auricular consequences of lightning (author's transl)].

PubMed

Leveillé-Nizerolle, M; Lintzer, J P; Bérézin, A

1978-01-01

Auricular accidents provoqued by lightning and induced by telephone are extremely rare. The authors of this paper relate the case of a young lady suffering from an inflammation of the external auditive canal and of an irritation of the tympanic membrane with an perception's hypacusis of 30 db. A physiological explanation is proposed and two factors come into account:--The acoustic traumatism induced by the thunder;--The burn produced by the electrical current.

Fenton process combined with coagulation for the treatment of black liquor from bioethanol wastewater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muryanto, Muryanto; Hanifah, Ummu; Amriani, Feni; Ibadurrahman, Ahmad Faiz; Sari, Ajeng Arum

2017-11-01

High amounts of black liquor are generated from bioethanol production by using oil palm empty fruit bunches. The black liquor is waste from alkaline pretreatment, it contains high amount of an alkaline solution (NaOH). The black liquor wastewater was highly contaminated with organic materials, and quite toxic for aquatic ecosystems if discharged directly into waters. This study aimed to determine ability of Fenton process combined with coagulation to treat black liquor. The addition 5% of polyaluminium chloride (PAC) could decolorized black liquor, degraded lignin, and produced sludge 70.64%, 68.28%, and 2.76 gram, respectively. Decolorization of black liquor was in line with degradation of black liquor because lignin is the main compound in black liquor. SEM images after addition of PAC of 5% indicated fragmentation of structure. Fenton reagent consist of 0.7 M FeSO4+ 3M H2O2 has able to decolorize black liquor, degrade lignin, and produce sludge 51.67% and 25.44%, and 0.44 gram, respectively. It was concluded that black liquor wastewater from bioethanol can be treated by using Fenton process combined with coagulation. However, these methods still need improvement to obtain the higher degradation rate, and coagulation sludge needs further consideration.

The biological significance of acoustic stimuli determines ear preference in the music frog.

PubMed

Xue, Fei; Fang, Guangzhan; Yang, Ping; Zhao, Ermi; Brauth, Steven E; Tang, Yezhong

2015-03-01

Behavioral and neurophysiological studies support the idea that right ear advantage (REA) exists for perception of conspecific vocal signals in birds and mammals. Nevertheless, few studies have focused on anuran species that typically communicate through vocalization. The present study examined the direction and latencies of orientation behaviors in Emei music frogs (Babina daunchina) produced in response to six auditory stimuli emitted by a speaker placed directly behind the subjects. The stimuli included male advertisement calls produced from within burrow nests, which have been shown to be highly sexually attractive (HSA), calls produced from outside burrows, which are of low sexual attractiveness (LSA), screech calls produced when frogs are attacked by snakes, white noise, thunder and silence. For all sound stimuli except the screech, the frogs preferentially turned to the right. Right ear preference was strongest for HSA calls. For the screech and thunder stimuli, there was an increased tendency for subjects to move further from the speaker rather than turning. These results support the idea that in anurans, right ear preference is associated with perception of positive or neutral signals such as the conspecific advertisement call and white noise, while a left ear preference is associated with perception of negative signals such as predatory attack. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Molecular targets of celastrol derived from Thunder of God Vine: potential role in the treatment of inflammatory disorders and cancer.

PubMed

Kannaiyan, Radhamani; Shanmugam, Muthu K; Sethi, Gautam

2011-04-01

Identification of active constituents and their molecular targets from traditional medicine is an enormous opportunity for modern pharmacology. Celastrol is one such compound that was originally identified from traditional Chinese medicine (Thunder of God Vine) almost three decades ago and generally used for the treatment of inflammatory and auto-immune diseases. Celastrol has attracted great interest recently, especially for its potential anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer activities. The anti-inflammatory effects of this triterpene have been demonstrated in animal models of different inflammatory diseases, including arthritis, Alzheimer's disease, asthma, and systemic lupus erythematosus. This triterpene has also been found to inhibit the proliferation of a variety of tumor cells and suppress tumor initiation, promotion and metastasis in various cancer models in vivo. Celastrol's ability to modulate the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines, MHC II, HO-1, iNOS, NF-κB, Notch-1, AKT/mTOR, CXCR4, TRAIL receptors DR4 and DR5, CHOP, JNK, VEGF, adhesion molecules, proteasome activity, topoisomerase II, potassium channels, and heat shock response has been reported. This review describes the various molecular targets of celastrol, cellular responses to celastrol, and animal studies with celastrol in cancer and other inflammatory disorders. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Moving Technologies from the Test Tube to Commercial Products

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryant, Robert G.

2013-01-01

Successful technologies include objects, processes, and procedures that share a common theme; they are being used to generate new products that create economic growth. The foundation is the invention, but the invention is a small part of the overall effort. The pathway to success is understanding the competition, proper planning, record keeping, integrating a supply chain, understanding actual costs, intellectual property (IP), benchmarking, and timing. Additionally, there are obstacles that include financing, what to make, buy, and sell, and the division of labor i.e. recognizing who is best at what task. Over the past two decades, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has developed several commercially available technologies. The approach to commercialization of three of these inventions; Langley Research Center-Soluble Imide (LaRC-SI, Imitec Inc.), the Thin Layer Unimorph Driver (THUNDER, FACE International), and the Macrofiber Composite (MFC, Smart Material Corp.) will be described, as well as some of the lessons learned from the process. What makes these three inventions interesting is that one was created in the laboratory; another was built using the previous invention as part of its process, and the last one was created by packaging commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) materials thereby creating a new component.

Thin-Layer Composite Unimorph Ferroelectric Driver Sensor Properties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mossi, Karla M.; Selby, Gregory V.; Bryant, Robert G.

1998-01-01

Tests were conducted on 13 different configurations of a new class of piezoelectric devices called THUNDER (thin layer composite unimorph ferroelectric driver and sensor). These configurations consisted of a combination of 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9 layers of 25.4 micron thick aluminium as a backing material, with and without a top layer of 25.4 micrometer aluminum. All of these configurations used the same piezoelectric ceramic wafer (PZT-5A) with dimensions of 5.08 x 3.81 x 0.018 cm. The above configurations were tested at two stages of the manufacturing process: before and after repoling. The parameters measured included frequency, driving voltage. displacement, capacitance, and radius of curvature. An optic sensor recorded the displacement at a fixed voltage(100 - 400 V peak to peak) over a predetermined frequency range (1 - 1000 Hz). These displacement measurements were performed using a computer that controlled the process of activating and measuring the displacement of the device. A parameter alpha was defined which can be used to predict the which configuration will produce the most displacement for a free standing device.

Particle motion and Penrose processes around rotating regular black hole

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdujabbarov, Ahmadjon

2016-07-01

The neutral particle motion around rotating regular black hole that was derived from the Ayón-Beato-García (ABG) black hole solution by the Newman-Janis algorithm in the preceding paper (Toshmatov et al., Phys. Rev. D, 89:104017, 2014) has been studied. The dependencies of the ISCO (innermost stable circular orbits along geodesics) and unstable orbits on the value of the electric charge of the rotating regular black hole have been shown. Energy extraction from the rotating regular black hole through various processes has been examined. We have found expression of the center of mass energy for the colliding neutral particles coming from infinity, based on the BSW (Baňados-Silk-West) mechanism. The electric charge Q of rotating regular black hole decreases the potential of the gravitational field as compared to the Kerr black hole and the particles demonstrate less bound energy at the circular geodesics. This causes an increase of efficiency of the energy extraction through BSW process in the presence of the electric charge Q from rotating regular black hole. Furthermore, we have studied the particle emission due to the BSW effect assuming that two neutral particles collide near the horizon of the rotating regular extremal black hole and produce another two particles. We have shown that efficiency of the energy extraction is less than the value 146.6 % being valid for the Kerr black hole. It has been also demonstrated that the efficiency of the energy extraction from the rotating regular black hole via the Penrose process decreases with the increase of the electric charge Q and is smaller in comparison to 20.7 % which is the value for the extreme Kerr black hole with the specific angular momentum a= M.

A new pulping process for wheat straw to reduce problems with the discharge of black liquor.

PubMed

Huang, Guolin; Shi, Jeffrey X; Langrish, Tim A G

2007-11-01

Aqueous ammonia mixed with caustic potash as wheat straw pulping liquor was investigated. The caustic potash did not only reduce the NH3 usage and cooking time, but also provided a potassium source as a fertilizer in the black liquor. Excess NH3 in the black liquor was recovered and reused by batch distillation with a 98% recovery rate of free NH3. The black liquor was further treated for reuse by coagulation under alkaline conditions. The effects of different flocculation conditions, such as the dosage of 10% aluminium polychloride, the dosage of 0.1% polyacrylamide, the reaction temperature and the pH of the black liquor on the flocculating process were studied. The supernatant was recycled as cooking liquor by adding extra NH4OH and KOH. The amount of delignification and the pulp yield for the process remained steady at 82-85% and 48-50%, respectively, when reusing the supernatant four times. The coagulated residues could be further processed as solid fertilizers. This study provided a new pulping process for wheat straw to reduce problems of discharge black liquor.

Total Phenolic, Phenolic Acid, Anthocyanin, Flavan-3-ol, and Flavonol Profiles and Antioxidant Properties of Pinto and Black Beans ( Phaseolus vulgaris L.) as Affected by Thermal Processing.

PubMed

Xu, Baojun; Chang, Sam K C

2009-06-10

The effects of boiling and steaming processes at atmospheric and high pressures on the phenolic components and antioxidant properties of pinto and black beans were investigated. In comparison to the original raw beans, all processing methods caused significant (p < 0.05) decreases in total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), condensed tannin content (CTC), monomeric anthocyanin content (MAC), DPPH free-radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and oxygen radical absorbing capacity (ORAC) values in both pinto and black beans. Steaming processing resulted in a greater retention of TPC, DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC values than the boiling processes in both pinto and black beans. To further investigate how thermal processing affected phenolic compositions and to elucidate the contribution of individual phenolic compounds to antioxidant properties, phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols were quantitatively analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). All thermal processing significantly (p < 0.05) affected individual phenolic acids, anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols, significantly (p < 0.05) reduced total phenolic acid contents in both pinto and black beans and total flavonol contents in pinto beans, and dramatically reduced anthocyanin contents in black beans. Phenolic acids and flavonols may play important roles on the overall antioxidant activities of pinto beans, while anthocyanins, flavan-3-ols, and flavonols may play important roles on the overall antioxidant activities of black beans.

Process of super-black shading material applied to the star sensor based on Ni-P alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Fengdeng; Xing, Fei; Wu, Yuelong; You, Zheng

2014-12-01

Super-black materials based on Nanotechnology have very important applications in many science fields. Super-black materials which have been reported currently, although have excellent light-trapping properties, most of them need the use of sophisticated equipment , the long-time synthesis , high temperature environment and release flammable, explosive and other dangerous gases. So many kinds of problems have hindered the application of such super-black material in practice. This project had nano super-black material developed with simple equipment and process, instead of complicated and dangerous process steps in high temperature and high pressure. On the basis of literature research, we successfully worked out a set of large-area Ni-P alloy plating method through a series of experiments exploring and analyze the experimental results. In the condition of the above Ni-P alloy, we took the solution, which anodized the Ni-P alloy immersed in the non-oxidizing acid, instead of conventional blackening process. It`s a big break for changing the situation in which oxidation, corrosion, vigorous evolution of hydrogen gas in the process are performed at the same location. As a result, not only the reaction process decreased sensitivity to time error, but also the position of the bubble layer no longer located in the surface of the workpiece which may impede observing the process of reaction. Consequently, the solution improved the controllability of the blackening process. In addition, we conducted the research of nano super-black material, exploring nano-super-black material in terms of space optical sensor.

Black holes as bubble nucleation sites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gregory, Ruth; Moss, Ian G.; Withers, Benjamin

2014-03-01

We consider the effect of inhomogeneities on the rate of false vacuum decay. Modelling the inhomogeneity by a black hole, we construct explicit Euclidean instantons which describe the nucleation of a bubble of true vacuum centred on the inhomogeneity. We find that inhomogeneity significantly enhances the nucleation rate over that of the Coleman-de Luccia instanton — the black hole acts as a nucleation site for the bubble. The effect is larger than previously believed due to the contributions to the action from conical singularities. For a sufficiently low initial mass, the original black hole is replaced by flat space during this process, as viewed by a single causal patch observer. Increasing the initial mass, we find a critical value above which a black hole remnant survives the process. This resulting black hole can have a higher mass than the original black hole, but always has a lower entropy. We compare the process to bubble-to-bubble transitions, where there is a semi-classical Lorentzian description in the WKB approximation.

An analysis of the changes on intermediate products during the thermal processing of black garlic.

PubMed

Yuan, Heng; Sun, Linjuan; Chen, Min; Wang, Jun

2018-01-15

The thermal processing of black garlic was simulated. Fresh garlic was incubated at 55°C with 80% humidity and sampled every 5 or 10days. The changes in relevant products were as follows: the fructan content was decreased by 84.79%, and the fructose content was increased by 508.11%. The contents of Maillard reaction intermediate products were first increased and then decreased. The colour of garlic gradually became dark and the pH decreased from 6.13 to 4.00. By analyzing these changes, the mechanism of black garlic formation and the changes on the Maillard reaction were revealed. The sweetness of black garlic resulted mainly from the fructose that was produced, and the black colour was largely due to the Maillard reaction between fructose/glucose and amino acids. An understanding of this process is useful to explain the formation mechanism of black garlic and could lead to better control of the quality of black garlic. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Awakening Freedom: Protestant Revivalism’s Effect on the American Revolution

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-26

Atlantic.20 Whitefield spent the following year handing over his ministries to other clergy and preaching on a 17 J . F. Hurst and James Richard Joy, John...thoroughly disillusioned 37 Milton J . Coalter, Gilbert Tennent, Son of Thunder: A Case Study of Continental Pietism’s Impact on the First Great...Pennsylvania, March 8. Anno 1739 (Philadelphia: Benjamin Franklin, 1740), in Religious Enthusiasm and the Great Awakening, David S. Lovejoy ed. (Englewood

All the Missiles Work: Technological Dislocations and Military Innovation: A Case Study in US Air Force Air-to-Air Armament, Post-World War II through Operation Rolling Thunder

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

technological momentum attempted to reconcile two of the disparate perspectives???social constructivism and technological determinism . The theory of...perspectives—social constructivism and technological determinism . The theory of technological dislocations advanced by this thesis is a refinement of...constructivism to technological determinism is unidirectional.114 His theory therefore tends to focus historical analysis on characterizing the

Proceedings of the Thunder and Lighting Seminar and The 3D lightning Warning Workship Held in Las Cruces, New Mexico on February 27, 1990.

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-01

Dayton (513) 229-3951 Rsch Inst Peter Ahnert NOAA/MWS (703) 471-5302 Frank Schmidlin NASA/GSFC (804) 824-1618 Maurice Friedman Viz Mfg (617) 942-2000...NWS (801) 524-4000 G Mr. Tom Clemmons DPG (801) 831-4674 G Mr. Lloyd Corbett NAWCWPNS China Lake (619) 939-6058 M Ms Laurie Dalton (801) 776-6500 G

Explanatory Identities and Conceptual Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thagard, Paul

2014-07-01

Although mind-brain identity remains controversial, many other identities of ordinary things with scientific ones are well established. For example, air is a mixture of gases, water is H2O, and fire is rapid oxidation. This paper examines the history of 15 important identifications: air, blood, cloud, earth, electricity, fire, gold, heat, light, lightning, magnetism, salt, star, thunder, and water. This examination yields surprising conclusions about the nature of justification, explanation, and conceptual change.

Storm hazards '79: F-106B operations summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, B. D.; Keyser, G. L., Jr.; Deal, P. L.; Thomas, M. E.; Pitts, F. L.

1980-01-01

Preliminary flight tests with a F-106B aircraft were made on the periphery of isolated thunder cells using weather radar support. In addition to storm hazards correlation research, a direct-strike lightning measurement experiment and an atmospheric chemistry experiment were conducted. Two flights were made to close proximity to lightning generating cumulonimbus clouds; however, no direct lightning strikes were experienced. Although no discernible lightning transients were recorded, many operational techniques were identified and established.

40 CFR 458.45 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a new source subject to the provisions of this subpart: There shall be no discharge of process waste water pollutants to navigable waters. ...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp...

Socialization of Black Naval Officers. Black Officers Experience a More Traumatic Socilaization Process upon Entering the Navy than do their White Peers due to Certain Differences between the Broader Black and White Sub-Cultural Socialization Process.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

he or she deals with members of other groups [ Rice , 19691. With this in mind, it must be pointed out that the aim of organizational socialization is... Rice , A. K., "Individual, Group and Intergroup Processes," Human Relations, 22, pp. 565-584, 1969. Ryan, William, Blaming the Victim, Pantheon, New...and Standford M. Lyman, "Accounts," American Sociological Review, 33: 46-62, 1968. 119 Smythe, Mabel M., (ed.) The Black American Reference Book

Ethnic Differences in Family Stress Processes Among African-Americans and Black Caribbeans

PubMed Central

Caldwell, Cleopatra Howard; Bellatorre, Anna; Jackson, James S.

2012-01-01

Several theories of stress exposure, including the stress process and the family stress model for economically disadvantaged families, suggest that family processes work similarly across race/ethnic groups. Much of this research, however, treats African-Americans as a monolithic group and ignores potential differences in family stress processes within race that may emerge across ethnic groups. This study examines whether family stress processes differ intraracially in African-American and Black Caribbean families. Using data from the National Survey of American Life, a national representative data set of African-American and Black Caribbean families, we assess the extent to which parents’ stress appraisals and psychological adjustment are related to their adolescent children’s stress appraisals, psychological adjustment, and depressive symptoms. Our study illustrates that stress processes differ by ethnicity and operate through varying pathways in African-American and Black Caribbean families. The implications of intraracial variations in stress processes are discussed. PMID:23349643

Degradation of black liquor from bioethanol process using coagulation and Fenton-like methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muryanto, Muryanto; Sari, Ajeng Arum; Abimanyu, Haznan

2017-01-01

Black liquor is one of the main by-products of the pretreatment process in bioethanol production from oil palm empty fruit bunches. Black liquor wastewater releases black coloured effluent with high chemical oxygen demand (COD) and low dissolved oxygen (DO). It had a distinctive dark coloration, high alkalinity (pH=13), high organic content (COD > 50,000 ppm) and a high solid content (TSS > 5,000 ppm). Lignin destruction can be done by using high oxidation from OH radical system such as advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Thereafter, the high concentration of COD, color, and TSS can be removed. The general aim of the present investigation was to determine degradation of black liquor wastewater by using a combined coagulation and Fenton-like methods. In this research, we use Poly Aluminum Chloride (PAC) as a coagulant and FeCl3.6H2O and H2O2 for Fenton-like's reagent. The process was conducted in jar test at 200 rpm for 30 minutes and after that slowly mixed for 2 hours and left for sedimentation 24 hours. 50 ml black liquor was added with variation dose of 1-5% PAC, and 10 % Fenton-like reagent. Hydroxyl radical was generated by the Fenton-like's reagent (ratio FeCl3.6H2O : H2O2 was varied). The highest decolorization of black liquor 70 % was obtained under 5% PAC coagulant. The pH of the wastewater was reduced from 13.00 to 8.07 after the addition of the coagulant. The decolorization of original black liquor was approximately 58% through the Fenton-like process. The combination of PAC and Fenton-like reagent has able to enhance the decolorization of black liquor up to 97%.

Soul Music: Techniques for Therapeutic Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Toldson, Ivory L.; Pasteur, Alfred B.

1972-01-01

The authors conclude that using black music in the educational process aligns educational input with black culture. This approach, which extends and utilizes the spiritual dimension of black life, is consistent with the black value system and can help black learners integrate and internalize an aspect of their cultural heritage. (Author/BY)

Black Perceptions of the Mayor: An Empirical Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foster, Lorn S.

1978-01-01

During the past ten years Blacks have increased their participation in the urban political process. In a few urban areas, such as Newark and Detroit, Blacks constitute an electoral majority and have elected Black mayors. (Author/RLV)

Extracting black-hole rotational energy: The generalized Penrose process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lasota, J.-P.; Gourgoulhon, E.; Abramowicz, M.; Tchekhovskoy, A.; Narayan, R.

2014-01-01

In the case involving particles, the necessary and sufficient condition for the Penrose process to extract energy from a rotating black hole is absorption of particles with negative energies and angular momenta. No torque at the black-hole horizon occurs. In this article we consider the case of arbitrary fields or matter described by an unspecified, general energy-momentum tensor Tμν and show that the necessary and sufficient condition for extraction of a black hole's rotational energy is analogous to that in the mechanical Penrose process: absorption of negative energy and negative angular momentum. We also show that a necessary condition for the Penrose process to occur is for the Noether current (the conserved energy-momentum density vector) to be spacelike or past directed (timelike or null) on some part of the horizon. In the particle case, our general criterion for the occurrence of a Penrose process reproduces the standard result. In the case of relativistic jet-producing "magnetically arrested disks," we show that the negative energy and angular-momentum absorption condition is obeyed when the Blandford-Znajek mechanism is at work, and hence the high energy extraction efficiency up to ˜300% found in recent numerical simulations of such accretion flows results from tapping the black hole's rotational energy through the Penrose process. We show how black-hole rotational energy extraction works in this case by describing the Penrose process in terms of the Noether current.

Black shale - Its deposition and diagenesis.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tourtelot, H.A.

1979-01-01

Black shale is a dark-colored mudrock containing organic matter that may have generated hydrocarbons in the subsurface or that may yield hydrocarbons by pyrolysis. Many black shale units are enriched in metals severalfold above expected amounts in ordinary shale. Some black shale units have served as host rocks for syngenetic metal deposits.Black shales have formed throughout the Earth's history and in all parts of the world. This suggests that geologic processes and not geologic settings are the controlling factors in the accumulation of black shale. Geologic processes are those of deposition by which the raw materials of black shale are accumulated and those of diagenesis in response to increasing depth of burial.Depositional processes involve a range of relationships among such factors as organic productivity, clastic sedimentation rate, and the intensity of oxidation by which organic matter is destroyed. If enough organic material is present to exhaust the oxygen in the environment, black shale results.Diagenetic processes involve chemical reactions controlled by the nature of the components and by the pressure and temperature regimens that continuing burial imposes. For a thickness of a few meters beneath the surface, sulfate is reduced and sulfide minerals may be deposited. Fermentation reactions in the next several hundred meters result in biogenic methane, followed successively at greater depths by decarboxylation reactions and thermal maturation that form additional hydrocarbons. Suites of newly formed minerals are characteristic for each of the zones of diagenesis.

Modeling Lolium perenne L. roots in the presence of empirical black holes

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Plant root models are designed for understanding structural or functional aspects of root systems. When a process is not thoroughly understood, a black box object is used. However, when a process exists but empirical data do not indicate its existence, you have a black hole. The object of this re...

System and process for upgrading hydrocarbons

DOEpatents

Bingham, Dennis N.; Klingler, Kerry M.; Smith, Joseph D.; Turner, Terry D.; Wilding, Bruce M.

2015-08-25

In one embodiment, a system for upgrading a hydrocarbon material may include a black wax upgrade subsystem and a molten salt gasification (MSG) subsystem. The black wax upgrade subsystem and the MSG subsystem may be located within a common pressure boundary, such as within a pressure vessel. Gaseous materials produced by the MSG subsystem may be used in the process carried out within the black wax upgrade subsystem. For example, hydrogen may pass through a gaseous transfer interface to interact with black wax feed material to hydrogenate such material during a cracking process. In one embodiment, the gaseous transfer interface may include one or more openings in a tube or conduit which is carrying the black wax material. A pressure differential may control the flow of hydrogen within the tube or conduit. Related methods are also disclosed.

Thunderstorm distribution and frequency in Saudi Arabia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shwehdi, M. H.

2005-09-01

A new average annual thunder day map for Saudi Arabia is presented. Based on this map, the distribution of thunderstorms over Saudi Arabia is analysed in terms of the factors related to the lightning performance of transmission lines such as thunderstorm days per year (Td/yr). Lightning activity continues for the present to be represented by thunderstorm frequency, which is routinely recorded at meteorological observation sites. Thunderstorm occurrence at a particular location is usually expressed as the number of days in a calendar year when thunder was heard, averaged over several years. This paper examines thunderstorm days in different areas of Saudi Arabia and specifically those areas where lightning strikes are more frequent; for this purpose, the software ArcGIS is used to produce contour maps which demonstrate areas of concern in Saudi Arabia in the period 1985-2003. Establishing the annual and seasonal Td/yr for Saudi Arabia enables transmission and distribution line engineers to calculate and better design a lightning protection system. Maps of thunder days/year (Td/yr) were constructed on the basis of the database records available on lightning incidence in Saudi Arabia at the Presidency of Meteorology and Environment (PME) (http://www.pme.gov.sa/). Annual thunderstorms are most frequent over the southwestern parts of the country, and generally decrease towards the west and east. Due to its low latitude and less temporal change, the west coast of the Red Sea recorded the lowest Td/yr. A secondary maximum Td/yr is apparent in the southeast to central part of the country. Thunderstorm frequency does not, in general, appear to vary in any consistent way with rainfall. There appears to be no evidence of any widespread temporal trend in thunderstorm frequency. The southern region in general, and especially the cities of Abha, Taif and Al-Baha, has shown greater numbers of thunderstorm days all year round. Similarly, this variation did show higher frequency throughout the year. The development of lightning incidence and the counting of Td/yr, as well as the establishment of annual and seasonal lightning maps of Saudi Arabia, are initiating a new era of producing and archiving thunderstorm maps and data records which serve the PME, the utilities, industry and the public.

Resource Letter BH-1: Black Holes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Detweiler, Steven

1981-01-01

Lists resources on black holes, including: (1) articles of historical interest; (2) books and journal articles on elementary expositions; (3) elementary and advanced textbooks; and (4) research articles on analytic structure of black holes, black hole dynamics, and astrophysical processes. (SK)

Uniform Summary of Surface Weather Observations (RUSSWO), Edwards AFB, Lancaster, California (Revised)

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-02-09

EARSONT -P-rCENTAGF FI’ UEN(Y r-F u-ckJR~NCE- OF WEATHER CONDITI2NS FRUW HOURLY JBSERVATIONS HOURS THUNDER- PAIN FREEZING SNOW 1 O1 SMOKE DUST X OF...o..,s o, L.,s ,o ., MI, oSSOUI 99 .. polg ?’ 10.1100ok Qooa.9 o . ol911- 4-’ . . . .- I >1k - -v ---. ---- - -- -- 2 ~ GL0l3t.L CLIMATOUurf’ BRA"C

Acoustic and gravity waves in the neutral atmosphere and the ionosphere, generated by severe storms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balachandran, N. K.

1983-01-01

Gravity waves in the neutral atmosphere and their propagation in the ionosphere and the study of infrasonic signals from thunder were investigated. Doppler shifts of the order of 0.1 Hz are determined and they provide high-resolution measurements of the movements in the ionosphere. By using an array of transmitters with different frequencies and at different locations, the horizontal and vertical propagation vectors of disturbances propagating through the ionosphere are determined.

Gamma rays made on Earth have unexpectedly high energies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Miller, Johanna

Terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs) are the source of the highest-energy nonanthropogenic photons produced on Earth. Associated with thunder-storms - and in fact, with individual lightning discharges - they are presumed to be the bremsstrahlung produced when relativistic electrons, accelerated by the storms' strong electric fields, collide with air molecules some 10-20 km above sea level. The TGFs last up to a few milliseconds and contain photons with energies on the order of MeV.

The role of shock waves in the formation of organic compounds in the primeval atmosphere.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hochstim, A. R.

1971-01-01

It is shown that shock waves from micrometeorites, meteors, meteorites, and thunder are of interest from the viewpoint of contributing significantly to the total accumulation of organic compounds in primeval times. The multitude of recombination reactions occurring in connection with shock waves could be an important factor in the formation of more complex compounds. Lower bound kinetic energies available to micrometeorites, cometary meteorites, stony and iron meteorites are calculated.

Age and growth of round gobies in Lake Huron: Implications for food web dynamics

USGS Publications Warehouse

Duan, You J.; Madenjian, Charles P.; Xie, Cong X.; Diana, James S.; O'Brien, Timothy P.; Zhao, Ying M.; He, Ji X.; Farha, Steve A.; Huo, Bin

2016-01-01

Although the round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) has become established throughout the Laurentian Great Lakes, information is scarce on spatial variation in round goby growth between and within lakes. Based on a sample of 754 specimens captured in 2014, age, growth, and mortality of round gobies at four locations in Lake Huron were assessed via otolith analysis. Total length (TL) of round gobies ranged from 44 to 111 mm for Saginaw Bay, from 45 to 115 mm for Rockport, from 50 to 123 mm for Hammond Bay, and from 51 to 118 mm for Thunder Bay. Estimated ages of round gobies ranged from 2 to 5 years for Saginaw Bay, from 2 to 6 years for Rockport, and from 2 to 7 years for Hammond Bay and Thunder Bay. Sex-specific, body–otolith relationships were used to back-calculate total lengths at age, which were then fitted to von Bertalanffy growth models. For each sex, round goby growth showed significant spatial variation among the four locations within Lake Huron. At all four locations in Lake Huron, males grew significantly faster than females and attained a larger asymptotic length than females. Annual mortality rate estimates were high (62 to 85%), based on catch-curve analysis, suggesting that round gobies may be under predatory control in Lake Huron.

Preliminar modelling of the chemical impact of possible TLEs on the lower ionosphere of Saturn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gordillo-Vazquez, F. J.; Luque, A.; Dubrovin, D.; Yair, Y.; Price, C.

2013-09-01

Lightning on Saturn has been confirmed by radio [1] and optical signal observations [2]. On Earth, lightning activity is accompanied by a diversity of Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) above the thunder clouds in the stratosphere, where crawlers and blue jets take place, and in the mesosphere where elves, sprites, halos and giant blue jets occur. Optical emissions from TLEs are produced by electric breakdown in the mesosphere (50 - 90 km) due to the field generated by the electric charges accumulated in the trophospheric thunder clouds. The existence of powerful lightning on Saturn might produce, as on Earth, elves and other TLE phenomena in the lower ionosphere of Saturn [3]. We have developed a preliminar time-dependent kinetic model to account for the possible chemical disturbances of halo-like TLEs in the night-time mid-latitude H2/He atmosphere of Saturn. In particular, we have quantified the variation of electron and ion densities at different altitudes (650 - 1000 km) above the 1 bar level together with an estimation of the photon emissions associated to the radiative decays of some excited electronic levels of H2 like H2(d3Πu) responsible for the Fulcher bands in the blue optical range and H2(a3Σ+g) that radiatively decays producing ultraviolet blue continuum emission.

Statistical analysis of storm electrical discharges reconstituted from a lightning mapping system, a lightning location system, and an acoustic array

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gallin, Louis-Jonardan; Farges, Thomas; Marchiano, Régis; Coulouvrat, François; Defer, Eric; Rison, William; Schulz, Wolfgang; Nuret, Mathieu

2016-04-01

In the framework of the European Hydrological Cycle in the Mediterranean Experiment project, a field campaign devoted to the study of electrical activity during storms took place in the south of France in 2012. An acoustic station composed of four microphones and four microbarometers was deployed within the coverage of a Lightning Mapping Array network. On the 26 October 2012, a thunderstorm passed just over the acoustic station. Fifty-six natural thunder events, due to cloud-to-ground and intracloud flashes, were recorded. This paper studies the acoustic reconstruction, in the low frequency range from 1 to 40 Hz, of the recorded flashes and their comparison with detections from electromagnetic networks. Concurrent detections from the European Cooperation for Lightning Detection lightning location system were also used. Some case studies show clearly that acoustic signal from thunder comes from the return stroke but also from the horizontal discharges which occur inside the clouds. The huge amount of observation data leads to a statistical analysis of lightning discharges acoustically recorded. Especially, the distributions of altitudes of reconstructed acoustic detections are explored in detail. The impact of the distance to the source on these distributions is established. The capacity of the acoustic method to describe precisely the lower part of nearby cloud-to-ground discharges, where the Lightning Mapping Array network is not effective, is also highlighted.

The Process by Which Black Male College Students Become Leaders of Predominantly White Organizations in Higher Education: A Grounded Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moschella, Eric J.

2013-01-01

This study sought to understand the process by which Black undergraduate men on predominately White college campuses become leaders of predominately White organizations. Using the theoretical frameworks of Black and White racial identity development (Helms, 1990), Critical Race Theory (Delgado & Stefancic, 2001), and Wijeyesinghe's (2001)…

Reduction of antiproliferative capacities, cell-based antioxidant capacities and phytochemical contents of common beans and soybeans upon thermal processing.

PubMed

Xu, Baojun; Chang, Sam K C

2011-12-01

The effects of boiling and steaming processes on the antiproliferative and cellular antioxidant properties, as well as phytochemicals, of two types of common beans (pinto and black beans) and two types of soybeans (yellow and black) were investigated. All thermal-processing methods caused significant (p<0.05) decreases in total phenolic content (TPC), total saponin content (TSC) and phytic acid content (PAC) values in all bean types (except for TPC values in pressure-steamed yellow soybeans) as compared to those of the raw beans. All types of uncooked raw beans exhibited cellular antioxidant activities (CAA) in dose-dependent manners. Black soybeans exhibited the greatest CAA, followed by black beans, pinto beans and yellow soybeans. The CAA of cooked beans were generally diminished or eliminated by thermal processing. The hydrophilic extracts from raw pinto beans, black beans and black soybeans exhibited antiproliferation capacities against human gastric (AGS) and colorectal (SW480) cancer cells in dose-dependent manners. The raw yellow soybeans exhibited dose-dependent antiproliferation activities against the SW480 cells. Most of the cooked beans lost their antiproliferation capacities as observed in the raw beans. These results indicate that different processing methods may have various effects on phytochemical profiles and bioactivities. Overall, thermal processing caused a significant reduction of the health-promotion effects of beans. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Why Not Academia?--The Streamlined Career Choice Process of Black African Women Engineers: A Grounded Theory Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mlambo, Yeukai Angela

2017-01-01

Black African women are grossly underrepresented as academic staff in engineering programs at South African universities. The problem is exacerbated at historically White institutions (HWI) where Black women are simply absent as engineering research and teaching staff. The absence of Black African women in the academy occurs despite Black African…

"Styled by Their Perceptions": Black Adolescent Girls Interpret Representations of Black Females in Popular Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muhammad, Gholnecsar E.; McArthur, Sherell A.

2015-01-01

Identity formation is a critical process shaping the lives of adolescents and can present distinct challenges for Black adolescent girls who are positioned in society to negotiate ideals of self when presented with false and incomplete images representing Black girlhood. Researchers have found distorted images of Black femininity derived from…

Why Are Black Employers More Likely Than White Employers To Hire Blacks? Discussion Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stoll, Michael A.; Raphael, Steven; Holzer, Harry J.

This study investigated why black employers tend to hire blacks at higher rates than do white employers and examined individual steps in the hiring process, the role of the hiring agent's race, and the degree to which variation in black application rates related to differences in observable characteristics, such as an establishment's physical…

Enviro-HIRLAM Applicability for Black Carbon Studies in Arctic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nuterman, Roman; Mahura, Alexander; Baklanov, Alexander; Kurganskiy, Alexander; Amstrup, Bjarne; Kaas, Eigil

2015-04-01

One of the main aims of the Nordic CarboNord project ("Impact of black carbon on air quality and climate in Northern Europe and Arctic") is focused on providing new information on distribution and effects of black carbon in Northern Europe and Arctic. It can be done through assessing robustness of model predictions of long-range black carbon distribution and its relation to climate change and forcing. In our study, the online integrated meteorology-chemistry/aerosols model - Enviro-HIRLAM (Environment - HIgh Resolution Limited Area Model) - is used. This study, at first, is focused on adaptation (model setup, domain for the Northern Hemisphere and Arctic region, emissions, boundary conditions, refining aerosols microphysics and chemistry, cloud-aerosol interaction processes) of Enviro-HIRLAM model and selection of most unfavorable weather and air pollution episodes for the Arctic region. Simulations of interactions between black carbon and meteorological processes in northern conditions for selected episodes will be performed (at DMI's supercomputer HPC CRAY-XT5), and then long-term simulations at regional scale for selected winter vs. summer months. Modelling results will be compared on a diurnal cycle and monthly basis against observations for key meteorological parameters (such as air temperature, wind speed, relative humidity, and precipitation) as well as aerosol concentration. Finally, evaluation of black carbon atmospheric transport, dispersion, and deposition patterns at different spatio-temporal scales; physical-chemical processes and transformations of black carbon containing aerosols; and interactions and effects between black carbon and meteorological processes in Arctic weather conditions will be done.

2005 White Paper on Institutional Capability Computing Requirements

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Carnes, B; McCoy, M; Seager, M

This paper documents the need for a significant increase in the computing infrastructure provided to scientists working in the unclassified domains at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). This need could be viewed as the next step in a broad strategy outlined in the January 2002 White Paper (UCRL-ID-147449) that bears essentially the same name as this document. Therein we wrote: 'This proposed increase could be viewed as a step in a broader strategy linking hardware evolution to applications development that would take LLNL unclassified computational science to a position of distinction if not preeminence by 2006.' This position of distinctionmore » has certainly been achieved. This paper provides a strategy for sustaining this success but will diverge from its 2002 predecessor in that it will: (1) Amplify the scientific and external success LLNL has enjoyed because of the investments made in 2002 (MCR, 11 TF) and 2004 (Thunder, 23 TF). (2) Describe in detail the nature of additional investments that are important to meet both the institutional objectives of advanced capability for breakthrough science and the scientists clearly stated request for adequate capacity and more rapid access to moderate-sized resources. (3) Put these requirements in the context of an overall strategy for simulation science and external collaboration. While our strategy for Multiprogrammatic and Institutional Computing (M&IC) has worked well, three challenges must be addressed to assure and enhance our position. The first is that while we now have over 50 important classified and unclassified simulation codes available for use by our computational scientists, we find ourselves coping with high demand for access and long queue wait times. This point was driven home in the 2005 Institutional Computing Executive Group (ICEG) 'Report Card' to the Deputy Director for Science and Technology (DDST) Office and Computation Directorate management. The second challenge is related to the balance that should be maintained in the simulation environment. With the advent of Thunder, the institution directed a change in course from past practice. Instead of making Thunder available to the large body of scientists, as was MCR, and effectively using it as a capacity system, the intent was to make it available to perhaps ten projects so that these teams could run very aggressive problems for breakthrough science. This usage model established Thunder as a capability system. The challenge this strategy raises is that the majority of scientists have not seen an improvement in capacity computing resources since MCR, thus creating significant tension in the system. The question then is: 'How do we address the institution's desire to maintain the potential for breakthrough science and also meet the legitimate requests from the ICEG to achieve balance?' Both the capability and the capacity environments must be addressed through this one procurement. The third challenge is to reach out more aggressively to the national science community to encourage access to LLNL resources as part of a strategy for sharpening our science through collaboration. Related to this, LLNL has been unable in the past to provide access for sensitive foreign nationals (SFNs) to the Livermore Computing (LC) unclassified 'yellow' network. Identifying some mechanism for data sharing between LLNL computational scientists and SFNs would be a first practical step in fostering cooperative, collaborative relationships with an important and growing sector of the American science community.« less

The origin of Cretaceous black shales: a change in the surface ocean ecosystem and its triggers

PubMed Central

OHKOUCHI, Naohiko; KURODA, Junichiro; TAIRA, Asahiko

2015-01-01

Black shale is dark-colored, organic-rich sediment, and there have been many episodes of black shale deposition over the history of the Earth. Black shales are source rocks for petroleum and natural gas, and thus are both geologically and economically important. Here, we review our recent progress in understanding of the surface ocean ecosystem during periods of carbonaceous sediment deposition, and the factors triggering black shale deposition. The stable nitrogen isotopic composition of geoporphyrins (geological derivatives of chlorophylls) strongly suggests that N2-fixation was a major process for nourishing the photoautotrophs. A symbiotic association between diatoms and cyanobacteria may have been a major primary producer during episodes of black shale deposition. The timing of black shale formation in the Cretaceous is strongly correlated with the emplacement of large igneous provinces such as the Ontong Java Plateau, suggesting that black shale deposition was ultimately induced by massive volcanic events. However, the process that connects these events remains to be solved. PMID:26194853

On the Nature of Cloud Lightning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Betz, H. D.; Schmidt, K.; Oettinger, W. P.; Montag, B.; Wuerl, A.

2009-04-01

Studies of lightning discharges generally deal with electrical activities that occur both inside thunderclouds (IC) and may involve a ground connection (CG). Even though CG has been studied more extensively than IC, it is known that the two types of discharges are accompanied by emission of qualitatively similar radiation. Less well recognized is the observation that relatively strong strokes are produced not only in connection with CG, but also by discharge processes that do not connect to ground. These IC strokes tend to exhibit somewhat smaller field amplitudes than CG strokes, but they produce thunder and the field records often resemble the ones known from CG. In fact, the number of these IC-strokes is large enough to allow efficient monitoring of cloud activity with the same technique as one applies for CG detection (VLF/LF). Very frequently, IC-strokes are produced during the initial breakdown phase, whereby initiation is probably caused by electron runaway processes that extend over hundreds of meters. Further prominent discharge phases can be effectively observed, most important are stepped leaders with copious emission of VHF radio signals. Experimental data for the various cloud processes are discussed and evaluated with respect to theoretical and practical significance. Open questions on the production mechanisms are elucidated, and the relative occurrence of IC versus CG strokes is illustrated.

40 CFR 458.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process... shall apply to this subpart. (b) The term “product” shall mean carbon black manufactured by the lamp...

40 CFR 458.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process... shall apply to this subpart. (b) The term “product” shall mean carbon black manufactured by the lamp...

40 CFR 458.41 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp Process... shall apply to this subpart. (b) The term “product” shall mean carbon black manufactured by the lamp...

Processing black mulberry into jam: effects on antioxidant potential and in vitro bioaccessibility.

PubMed

Tomas, Merve; Toydemir, Gamze; Boyacioglu, Dilek; Hall, Robert D; Beekwilder, Jules; Capanoglu, Esra

2017-08-01

Black mulberries (Morus nigra) were processed into jam on an industrialised scale, including the major steps of: selection of frozen black mulberries, adding glucose-fructose syrup and water, cooking, adding citric acid and apple pectin, removing seeds, and pasteurisation. Qualitative and quantitative determinations of antioxidants in black mulberry samples were performed using spectrophotometric methods, as well as HPLC- and LC-QTOF-MS-based measurements. These analyses included the determination of total polyphenolic content, % polymeric colour, total and individual anthocyanin contents, antioxidant capacity, and in vitro bioaccessibility in processing samples. Jam processing led to a significant reduction in total phenolics (88%), total flavonoids (89%), anthocyanins (97%), and antioxidant capacity (88-93%) (P < 0.05). Individual anthocyanin contents, determined using HPLC analysis, also showed a significant decrease (∼99% loss). In contrast, % recovery of bioaccessible total phenolics, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity (ABTS assay) increased after jam processing (16%, 12%, and 37%, respectively). Fruit processing resulted in losses of polyphenols, anthocyanins, and antioxidant capacity of black mulberry jam. Optimisation of food processing could help to protect the phenolic compounds in fruits which might be helpful for the food industry to minimise the antioxidant loss and improve the final product quality. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

Hidden messenger revealed in Hawking radiation: A resolution to the paradox of black hole information loss

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Baocheng; Cai, Qing-yu; You, Li; Zhan, Ming-sheng

2009-05-01

Using standard statistical method, we discover the existence of correlations among Hawking radiations (of tunneled particles) from a black hole. The information carried by such correlations is quantified by mutual information between sequential emissions. Through a careful counting of the entropy taken out by the emitted particles, we show that the black hole radiation as tunneling is an entropy conservation process. While information is leaked out through the radiation, the total entropy is conserved. Thus, we conclude the black hole evaporation process is unitary.

Astrophysical flows near [Formula: see text] gravity black holes.

PubMed

Ahmed, Ayyesha K; Azreg-Aïnou, Mustapha; Bahamonde, Sebastian; Capozziello, Salvatore; Jamil, Mubasher

In this paper, we study the accretion process for fluids flowing near a black hole in the context of f ( T ) teleparallel gravity. Specifically, by performing a dynamical analysis by a Hamiltonian system, we are able to find the sonic points. After that, we consider different isothermal test fluids in order to study the accretion process when they are falling onto the black hole. We find that these flows can be classified according to the equation of state and the black hole features. Results are compared in f ( T ) and f ( R ) gravity.

An Investigation of How Black STEM Faculty at Historically Black Colleges and Universities Approach the National Science Foundation Merit Review Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rankins, Falcon

2017-01-01

This qualitative inquiry explored the ways in which US-born, Black faculty member participants in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) interact with the National Science Foundation (NSF). Eight Black HBCU STEM faculty members with a range of involvement in…

Racial bias in implicit danger associations generalizes to older male targets.

PubMed

Lundberg, Gustav J W; Neel, Rebecca; Lassetter, Bethany; Todd, Andrew R

2018-01-01

Across two experiments, we examined whether implicit stereotypes linking younger (~28-year-old) Black versus White men with violence and criminality extend to older (~68-year-old) Black versus White men. In Experiment 1, participants completed a sequential priming task wherein they categorized objects as guns or tools after seeing briefly-presented facial images of men who varied in age (younger versus older) and race (Black versus White). In Experiment 2, we used different face primes of younger and older Black and White men, and participants categorized words as 'threatening' or 'safe.' Results consistently revealed robust racial biases in object and word identification: Dangerous objects and words were identified more easily (faster response times, lower error rates), and non-dangerous objects and words were identified less easily, after seeing Black face primes than after seeing White face primes. Process dissociation procedure analyses, which aim to isolate the unique contributions of automatic and controlled processes to task performance, further indicated that these effects were driven entirely by racial biases in automatic processing. In neither experiment did prime age moderate racial bias, suggesting that the implicit danger associations commonly evoked by younger Black versus White men appear to generalize to older Black versus White men.

The relation between race-related implicit associations and scalp-recorded neural activity evoked by faces from different races.

PubMed

He, Yi; Johnson, Marcia K; Dovidio, John F; McCarthy, Gregory

2009-01-01

The neural correlates of the perception of faces from different races were investigated. White participants performed a gender identification task in which Asian, Black, and White faces were presented while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Participants also completed an implicit association task for Black (IAT-Black) and Asian (IAT-Asian) faces. ERPs evoked by Black and White faces differed, with Black faces evoking a larger positive ERP that peaked at 168 ms over the frontal scalp, and White faces evoking a larger negative ERP that peaked at 244 ms. These Black/White ERP differences significantly correlated with participants' scores on the IAT-Black. ERPs also differentiated White from Asian faces and a significant correlation was obtained between the White-Asian ERP difference waves at approximately 500 ms and the IAT-Asian. A positive ERP at 116 ms over occipital scalp differentiated all three races, but was not correlated with either IAT. In addition, a late positive component (around 592 ms) was greater for the same race compared to either other race faces, suggesting potentially more extended or deeper processing of the same race faces. Taken together, the ERP/IAT correlations observed for both other races indicate the influence of a race-sensitive evaluative process that may include early more automatic and/or implicit processes and relatively later more controlled processes.

The Relation between Race-related Implicit Associations and Scalp-recorded Neural Activity Evoked by Faces from Different Races

PubMed Central

He, Yi; Johnson, Marcia K.; Dovidio, John F.; McCarthy, Gregory

2009-01-01

The neural correlates of the perception of faces from different races were investigated. White participants performed a gender identification task in which Asian, Black, and White faces were presented while event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded. Participants also completed an implicit association task for Black (IAT-Black) and Asian (IAT-Asian) faces. ERPs evoked by Black and White faces differed, with Black faces evoking a larger positive ERP that peaked at 168 ms over the frontal scalp, and White faces evoking a larger negative ERP that peaked at 244 ms. These Black/White ERP differences significantly correlated with participants’ scores on the IAT-Black. ERPs also differentiated White from Asian faces and a significant correlation was obtained between the White-Asian ERP difference waves at ~500 ms and the IAT-Asian. A positive ERP at 116 ms over occipital scalp differentiated all three races, but was not correlated with either IAT. In addition, a late positive component (around 592 ms) was greater for the same race compared to either other race faces, suggesting potentially more extended or deeper processing of the same race faces. Taken together, the ERP/IAT correlations observed for both other races indicate the influence of a race-sensitive evaluative process that may include early more automatic and/or implicit processes and relatively later more controlled processes. PMID:19562628

Pair creation of higher dimensional black holes on a de Sitter background

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dias, Oscar J.C.; Lemos, Jose P.S.; CENTRA, Departamento de Fisica, F.C.T., Universidade do Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro

We study in detail the quantum process in which a pair of black holes is created in a higher D-dimensional de Sitter (dS) background. The energy to materialize and accelerate the pair comes from the positive cosmological constant. The instantons that describe the process are obtained from the Tangherlini black hole solutions. Our pair creation rates reduce to the pair creation rate for Reissner-Nordstroem-dS solutions when D=4. Pair creation of black holes in the dS background becomes less suppressed when the dimension of the spacetime increases. The dS space is the only background in which we can discuss analytically themore » pair creation process of higher dimensional black holes, since the C-metric and the Ernst solutions, which describe, respectively, a pair accelerated by a string and by an electromagnetic field, are not known yet in a higher dimensional spacetime.« less

Decolorization of black liquor from bioethanol G2 production using iron oxide coating sands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barlianti, Vera; Triwahyuni, Eka; Waluyo, Joko; Sari, Ajeng Arum

2017-01-01

Bioethanol G2 production using oil palm empty fruit bunch as raw material consists of four steps, namely pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, and purification process. Pretreatment process generates black liquor that causes serious environmental pollution if it is released to the environment. The objective of this research is studying the ability of iron oxide coating sands to adsorb the color of black liquor. The iron oxide coating sands were synthesized from FeCl3.6H2O with quartz sands as support material. This research was conducted on batch mode using black liquor in various pH values. Result obtained that kind of iron oxide on quartz sands's surface was goethite. The result also indicated decreasing of color intensity of black liquor after adsorption process. This research supports local material utilization in environmental technology development to solve some environmental problems.

Information loss.

PubMed

Unruh, William G; Wald, Robert M

2017-09-01

The complete gravitational collapse of a body in general relativity will result in the formation of a black hole. Although the black hole is classically stable, quantum particle creation processes will result in the emission of Hawking radiation to infinity and corresponding mass loss of the black hole, eventually resulting in the complete evaporation of the black hole. Semiclassical arguments strongly suggest that, in the process of black hole formation and evaporation, a pure quantum state will evolve to a mixed state, i.e. there will be 'information loss'. There has been considerable controversy over this issue for more than 40 years. In this review, we present the arguments in favor of information loss, and analyze some of the counter-arguments and alternative possibilities.

Information loss

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Unruh, William G.; Wald, Robert M.

2017-09-01

The complete gravitational collapse of a body in general relativity will result in the formation of a black hole. Although the black hole is classically stable, quantum particle creation processes will result in the emission of Hawking radiation to infinity and corresponding mass loss of the black hole, eventually resulting in the complete evaporation of the black hole. Semiclassical arguments strongly suggest that, in the process of black hole formation and evaporation, a pure quantum state will evolve to a mixed state, i.e. there will be ‘information loss’. There has been considerable controversy over this issue for more than 40 years. In this review, we present the arguments in favor of information loss, and analyze some of the counter-arguments and alternative possibilities.

Comprehensive Action: A Whole of Government Solution to Fighting Transnational Terrorism

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

THUNDER, DESERT FOX a n d n u m erou s opera t ion a l exercis es . Ma jor Ba qu et is a gra du a te of US Air Force Squ a dron Officer Sch ool...per wa s developed . Ma jor Ba qu et is a s qu a dron com m a n der a t th e 27 th Specia l Opera t ion s Win g, Ca n n on AFB New

The Antiaircraft Journal. Volume 94, Number 3, May-June 1951

DTIC Science & Technology

1951-06-01

of the thundering hordes" has not yet de \\’(.’loped. The enemy has with- drawn further north. where the hostile forces are being regrouped. reinforced...units and special task forces to locate the enemy and de - velop his defensive installation’s. One or two antiaircraft artillery sections accom- pany... de - I".,. Only one veMcie ,,.,, lo~ d",;O~ the trip. i\\ lowr mechanics are unsu~i 1 heroes in war, and yet this story indi~ cates the true importance

Space Shuttle Project

NASA Image and Video Library

1992-10-22

The Space Shuttle Columbia (STS-52) thunders off Launch Pad 39B, embarking on a 10-day flight and carrying a crew of six who will deploy the Laser Geodynamic Satellite II (LAGEOS). LAGEOS is a spherical passive satellite covered with reflectors which are illuminated by ground-based lasers to determine precise measurements of the Earth's crustal movements. The other major payload on this mission is the United States Microgravity Payload 1 (USMP-1), where experiments will be conducted by crew members while in low earth orbit (LEO).

Thunder and lightning—what determines where and when thunderstorms occur?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rycroft, Michael J.

2014-12-01

Where and when thunderstorms occur is a topic of considerable practical importance for human society on which some meteorologists and atmospheric and space scientists carry out research. Owens et al (2104 Environ. Res. Lett. 9 115009) have found that the occurrence of lightning over the UK is up to ˜50% greater than usual when the magnetic field outside the Earth’s magnetosphere, in interplanetary space, points towards the Sun rather than away from it. But why this happens is not yet totally clear.

The Law of War and the Operational Commander

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-02-08

includes law that governs the decision to go to war and that governing the conducts of combatants: this paper focuses on the latter body. It is not the ...Hays Parks, "Rolling Thunder and the Law of War," Air University Review, Winter 1971, p. 3. ś .Ikd., pp. 17-19. 20 command structure and a lack of...apply to the USCG. Two other federal statutes (14 USC 89 and 19 USC 1581(a)) permit USCG personnel to go on board vessels and make inquiries

Acoustic and electric signals from lightning

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balachandran, N. K.

1983-01-01

Observations of infrasound apparently generated by the collapse of the electrostatic field in the thundercloud, are presented along with electric field measurements and high-frequency thunder signals. The frequency of the infrasound pulse is about 1 Hz and amplitude a few microbars. The observations seem to confirm some of the theoretical predictions of Wilson (1920) and Dessler (1973). The signal is predominated by a compressional phase and seems to be beamed vertically. Calculation of the parameters of the charged region using the infrasound signal give reasonable values.

Project CHECO Southeast Asia Report. Rolling Thunder, January 1967 - November 1968

DTIC Science & Technology

1969-10-01

APPENDIX 5, Neut (alized o( Abandoned A list of inactive targets previously li,ted prima(ily in APPENDiX 4 that had been neutralized I- or abandoned and...struck was Van Dien Battery Plant for which no BDA was avail- able. " TRANSPORTATION, A major interdiction effort continued against the key lines of...the Laos Bor- der . Bridges that have not been used regularly s?,nce the bombing started are up and in use on LOCs leading to the DMZ. In short, the

Branching Patterns and Stepped Leaders in an Electric-Circuit Model for Creeping Discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidetsugu Sakaguchi,; Sahim M. Kourkouss,

2010-06-01

We construct a two-dimensional electric circuit model for creeping discharge. Two types of discharge, surface corona and surface leader, are modeled by a two-step function of conductance. Branched patterns of surface leaders surrounded by the surface corona appear in numerical simulation. The fractal dimension of branched discharge patterns is calculated by changing voltage and capacitance. We find that surface leaders often grow stepwise in time, as is observed in lightning leaders of thunder.

Daylight time-resolved photographs of lightning.

PubMed

Qrville, R E; Lala, G G; Idone, V P

1978-07-07

Lightning dart leaders and return strokes have been recorded in daylight with both good spatial resolution and good time resolution as part of the Thunder-storm Research International Program. The resulting time-resolved photographs are apparently equivalent to the best data obtained earlier only at night. Average two-dimensional return stroke velocities in four subsequent strokes between the ground and a height of 1400 meters were approximately 1.3 x 10(8) meters per second. The estimated systematic error is 10 to 15 percent.

Template directed assembly of nanoelements in viscous polymer environments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Modi, Satyamkumar

Polymer melt-based manufacturing methods, such as injection molding, offer the potential of directly fabricating three-dimensional parts with nanostructured surfaces in a one-step, high-rate, and solventless process. Electrophoretic deposition has the potential to produce in-mold assembly of nanoparticles during injection molding. The process is fast, is cost effective and can be automated. This electrophoretic deposition, however, has been performed from low-viscosity media and polymer melts are far more viscous. This research provided a fundamental understanding of the electrophoretic deposition process in viscous media. Electrophoresis was performed using a model system of carbon black and polystyrene in tetrahydrofuran (THF). Examined were the effects of processing parameters, polystyrene molecular weight, and carbon black charge. The presence of polystyrene did not prevent deposition of carbon black, but deposition rates decreased at shorter deposition times; deposition was not linear with increasing applied voltage; and greater solution concentrations reduced the critical voltages. A comparison of experimental data with Hamaker's model showed that about 1.6% of the available polystyrene was initially deposited with the carbon black. At voltages above the critical voltage, the deposited mass indicated formation of electrically insulating layers on the electrodes. Increases in polystyrene molecular weight reduced the electrophoretic deposition of the carbon black particles due to increases in suspension viscosity and preferential adsorption of the longer polystyrene chains on the carbon black particles. At low deposition times (≤ 5 seconds), only carbon black deposited onto the electrodes. For longer deposition times, polystyrene co-deposited with the carbon black, with the amount of polystyrene increasing with molecular weight and decreasing with greater charge on the polystyrene molecules. The additional of function groups to the carbon black surface decoupled the carbon black and polystyrene, however, the deposition of the carbon black particles, followed by deposition of a thick layer of polystyrene was observed. This polystyrene deposition was present regardless of the applied voltage, the deposition time, the polystyrene molecular weight, polystyrene material (i.e., charge), and solvent polarity. This deposition behavior suggests that use of lower molecular polymers and unmodified carbon blacks, and control of electrical properties will permit electrophoretic deposition of nanoparticles from polymer melts.

Clarification of the formation process of the super massive black hole by Infrared astrometric satellite, Small-JASMINE

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yano, Taihei; JASMINE-WG

2018-04-01

Small-JASMINE (hearafter SJ), infrared astrometric satellite, will measure the positions and the proper motions which are located around the Galactic center, by operating at near infrared wave-lengths. SJ will clarify the formation process of the super massive black hole (hearafter SMBH) at the Galactic center. In particular, SJ will determine whether the SMBH was formed by a sequential merging of multiple black holes. The clarification of this formation process of the SMBH will contribute to a better understanding of merging process of satellite galaxies into the Galaxy, which is suggested by the standard galaxy formation scenario. A numerical simulation (Tanikawa and Umemura, 2014) suggests that if the SMBH was formed by the merging process, then the dynamical friction caused by the black holes have influenced the phase space distribution of stars. The phase space distribution measured by SJ will make it possible to determine the occurrences of the merging process.

Watching Race. Television and the Struggle for "Blackness."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Herman

Critical debates about black expressive culture and black cultural productions within television are examined as a means of exploring processes by which questions about the American racial order, and blackness itself, are constructed, reproduced, and challenged. The central thread of the argument is that commercial culture operates as both a site…

Appraisal, Coping, and Social Support as Mediators of Well-Being in Black and White Family Caregivers of Patients with Alzheimer's Disease.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haley, William E.; And Others

1996-01-01

Family caregivers of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) commonly have high levels of psychological distress. Black caregivers often report less depression than white caregivers, but the process underlying this difference is poorly understood. With the use of a stress process model, 123 white and 74 black family caregivers of patients with AD…

Technical Report Cellulosic Based Black Liquor Gasification and Fuels Plant Final Technical Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fornetti, Micheal; Freeman, Douglas

2012-10-31

The Cellulosic Based Black Liquor Gasification and Fuels Plant Project was developed to construct a black liquor to Methanol biorefinery in Escanaba, Michigan. The biorefinery was to be co-located at the existing pulp and paper mill, NewPage’s Escanaba Paper Mill and when in full operation would: • Generate renewable energy for Escanaba Paper Mill • Produce Methanol for transportation fuel of further refinement to Dimethyl Ether • Convert black liquor to white liquor for pulping. Black liquor is a byproduct of the pulping process and as such is generated from abundant and renewable lignocellulosic biomass. The biorefinery would serve tomore » validate the thermochemical pathway and economic models for black liquor gasification. It was a project goal to create a compelling new business model for the pulp and paper industry, and support the nation’s goal for increasing renewable fuels production and reducing its dependence on foreign oil. NewPage Corporation planned to replicate this facility at other NewPage Corporation mills after this first demonstration scale plant was operational and had proven technical and economic feasibility. An overview of the process begins with black liquor being generated in a traditional Kraft pulping process. The black liquor would then be gasified to produce synthesis gas, sodium carbonate and hydrogen sulfide. The synthesis gas is then cleaned with hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide removed, and fed into a Methanol reactor where the liquid product is made. The hydrogen sulfide is converted into polysulfide for use in the Kraft pulping process. Polysulfide is a known additive to the Kraft process that increases pulp yield. The sodium carbonate salts are converted to caustic soda in a traditional recausticizing process. The caustic soda is then part of the white liquor that is used in the Kraft pulping process. Cellulosic Based Black Liquor Gasification and Fuels Plant project set out to prove that black liquor gasification could produce transportation fuels and produce pulp at the same time. This has the added advantage of reducing or eliminating the need for a recovery boiler. The recovery boiler is an extremely expensive unit operation in the Kraft process and is key to the chemical recovery system that makes the Kraft process successful. Going to a gasification process with potentially higher energy efficiency, improve the pulping process and be more efficient with the use of wood. At the same time a renewable fuel product can be made. Cellulosic Based Black Liquor Gasification and Fuels Plant progressed with the design of the mill as Chemrec continued to work on their pilot plant data gathering. The design information helped to guide the pilot plant and vice versa. In the end, the design details showed that the process was technically feasible. However, at the relatively small size of this plant the specific capital cost was very high and could only be considered if the pulp operation needed to replace the recovery boiler. Some of the reasons for the costs being high are attributed to the many constraints that needed to be addressed in the pulping process. Additionally, the Methanol product did not have a vehicle fuel supply chain to enter into. A different product selection could have eliminated this issue. However, with the selected design, the installation at Escanaba Paper Mill was not economically feasible and the project was not pursued further.« less

Low-mass black holes as the remnants of primordial black hole formation.

PubMed

Greene, Jenny E

2012-01-01

Bridging the gap between the approximately ten solar mass 'stellar mass' black holes and the 'supermassive' black holes of millions to billions of solar masses are the elusive 'intermediate-mass' black holes. Their discovery is key to understanding whether supermassive black holes can grow from stellar-mass black holes or whether a more exotic process accelerated their growth soon after the Big Bang. Currently, tentative evidence suggests that the progenitors of supermassive black holes were formed as ∼10(4)-10(5) M(⊙) black holes via the direct collapse of gas. Ongoing searches for intermediate-mass black holes at galaxy centres will help shed light on this formation mechanism.

Non-equilibrium condensation process in holographic superconductor with nonlinear electrodynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yunqi; Gong, Yungui; Wang, Bin

2016-02-01

We study the non-equilibrium condensation process in a holographic superconductor with nonlinear corrections to the U (1) gauge field. We start with an asymptotic Anti-de-Sitter (AdS) black hole against a complex scalar perturbation at the initial time, and solve the dynamics of the gravitational systems in the bulk. When the black hole temperature T is smaller than a critical value T c , the scalar perturbation grows exponentially till saturation, the final state of spacetime approaches to a hairy black hole. In the bulk theory, we find the clue of the influence of nonlinear corrections in the gauge filed on the process of the scalar field condensation. We show that the bulk dynamics in the non-equilibrium process is completely consistent with the observations on the boundary order parameter. Furthermore we examine the time evolution of horizons in the bulk non-equilibrium transformation process from the bald AdS black hole to the AdS hairy hole. Both the evolution of apparent and event horizons show that the original AdS black hole configuration requires more time to finish the transformation to become a hairy black hole if there is nonlinear correction to the electromagnetic field. We generalize our non-equilibrium discussions to the holographic entanglement entropy and find that the holographic entanglement entropy can give us further understanding of the influence of the nonlinearity in the gauge field on the scalar condensation.

40 CFR 458.45 - Standards of performance for new sources.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS CARBON BLACK MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Carbon Black Lamp... paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a new source subject to the...

Evaporation of (quantum) black holes and energy conservation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torres, R.; Fayos, F.; Lorente-Espín, O.

2013-03-01

We consider Hawking radiation as due to a tunneling process in a black hole were quantum corrections, derived from Quantum Einstein Gravity, are taken into account. The consequent derivation, satisfying conservation laws, leads to a deviation from an exact thermal spectrum. This has consequences for the information loss paradox since the non-thermal radiation is shown to carry information out of the black hole. Under the appropriate approximation, a quantum corrected temperature is assigned to the black hole. The evolution of the quantum black hole as it evaporates is then described by taking into account the full implications of energy conservation as well as the backscattered radiation. It is shown that, as a critical mass of the order of Planck's mass is reached, the evaporation process decelerates abruptly while the black hole mass decays towards this critical mass.

Application of enzymes in the production of RTD black tea beverages: a review.

PubMed

Kumar, Chandini S; Subramanian, R; Rao, L Jaganmohan

2013-01-01

Ready-to-drink (RTD) tea is a popular beverage in many countries. Instability due to development of haze and formation of tea cream is the common problem faced in the production of RTD black tea beverages. Thus decreaming is an important step in the process to meet the cold stability requirements of the product. Enzymatic decreaming approaches overcome some of the disadvantages associated with other conventional decreaming methods such as cold water extraction, chill decreaming, chemical stabilization, and chemical solubilization. Enzyme treatments have been attempted at three stages of black tea processing, namely, enzymatic treatment to green tea and conversion to black tea, enzymatic treatment to black tea followed by extraction, and enzymatic clarification of extract. Tannase is the most commonly employed enzyme (tannin acyl hydrolase EC 3.1.1.20) aiming at improving cold water extractability/solubility and decreasing tea cream formation as well as improving the clarity. The major enzymatic methods proposed for processing black tea having a direct or indirect bearing on RTD tea production, have been discussed along with their relative advantages and limitations.

Cryo-Etched Black Silicon for Use as Optical Black

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yee, Karl Y.; White, Victor E.; Mouroulis, Pantazis; Eastwood, Michael L.

2011-01-01

Stray light reflected from the surface of imaging spectrometer components in particular, the spectrometer slit degrade the image quality. A technique has been developed for rapid, uniform, and cost-effective black silicon formation based on inductively coupled plasma (ICP) etching at cryogenic temperatures. Recent measurements show less than 1-percent total reflectance from 350 2,500 nm of doped black silicon formed in this way, making it an excellent option for texturing of component surfaces for reduction of stray light. Oxygen combines with SF6 + Si etch byproducts to form a passivation layer atop the Si when the etch is performed at cryogenic temperatures. Excess flow of oxygen results in micromasking and the formation of black silicon. The process is repeatable and reliable, and provides control over etch depth and sidewall profile. Density of the needles can be controlled to some extent. Regions to be textured can be patterned lithographically. Adhesion is not an issue as the nanotips are part of the underlying substrate. This is in contrast to surface growth/deposition techniques such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The black Si surface is compatible with wet processing, including processing with solvents, the textured surface is completely inorganic, and it does not outgas. In radiometry applications, optical absorbers are often constructed using gold black or CNTs. This black silicon technology is an improvement for these types of applications.

Two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification process for solid waste valorisation: Technical review and preliminary thermodynamic modelling of sulphur emissions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Morrin, Shane, E-mail: shane.morrin@ucl.ac.uk; Advanced Plasma Power, South Marston Business park, Swindon, SN3 4DE; Lettieri, Paola, E-mail: p.lettieri@ucl.ac.uk

2012-04-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We investigate sulphur during MSW gasification within a fluid bed-plasma process. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We review the literature on the feed, sulphur and process principles therein. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer The need for research in this area was identified. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer We perform thermodynamic modelling of the fluid bed stage. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Initial findings indicate the prominence of solid phase sulphur. - Abstract: Gasification of solid waste for energy has significant potential given an abundant feed supply and strong policy drivers. Nonetheless, significant ambiguities in the knowledge base are apparent. Consequently this study investigates sulphur mechanisms within a novel two stage fluid bed-plasma gasification process.more » This paper includes a detailed review of gasification and plasma fundamentals in relation to the specific process, along with insight on MSW based feedstock properties and sulphur pollutant therein. As a first step to understanding sulphur partitioning and speciation within the process, thermodynamic modelling of the fluid bed stage has been performed. Preliminary findings, supported by plant experience, indicate the prominence of solid phase sulphur species (as opposed to H{sub 2}S) - Na and K based species in particular. Work is underway to further investigate and validate this.« less

Effect of processing methods on the nutritional content of three traditional vegetables leaves: Amaranth, black nightshade and jute mallow.

PubMed

Traoré, Korotimi; Parkouda, Charles; Savadogo, Aly; Ba/Hama, Fatoumata; Kamga, Regine; Traoré, Yves

2017-11-01

The study assessed changes in nutritional content of some commonly consumed traditional vegetables subjected to postharvest processes. Amaranth ( Amaranthus cruentus L.), black nightshade ( Solanum scabrum Mill.) and jute mallow ( Corchorus olitorius L.) leaves used as vegetables were subjected to blanching, boiling and drying. The proximate composition and β-carotene content of fresh and processed leaves were determined. Amaranth, black nightshade and jute mallow leaves had 25.21%, 39.74% and 29.18% of protein, respectively. The β-carotene levels were 16.40, 25.25 and 27.74 mg/100 g for black nightshade amaranth and jute mallow leaves, respectively. The ash content was 10.57% for black nightshade, 12.40% for jute mallow and 16.33% for amaranth. Processing methods caused decreases of β-carotene and crude lipid content. Boiling for 30 min or more resulted in large loss of β-carotene. Drying under shade resulted in less loss of β-carotene than drying in cabinet at 50 and 60°C.

Arbitrage with fractional Gaussian processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xili; Xiao, Weilin

2017-04-01

While the arbitrage opportunity in the Black-Scholes model driven by fractional Brownian motion has a long history, the arbitrage strategy in the Black-Scholes model driven by general fractional Gaussian processes is in its infancy. The development of stochastic calculus with respect to fractional Gaussian processes allowed us to study such models. In this paper, following the idea of Shiryaev (1998), an arbitrage strategy is constructed for the Black-Scholes model driven by fractional Gaussian processes, when the stochastic integral is interpreted in the Riemann-Stieltjes sense. Arbitrage opportunities in some fractional Gaussian processes, including fractional Brownian motion, sub-fractional Brownian motion, bi-fractional Brownian motion, weighted-fractional Brownian motion and tempered fractional Brownian motion, are also investigated.

The Impact of Racial Socialization on the Academic Performance and Prosocial Involvement of Black Emerging Adults

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White-Johnson, Rhonda L.

2015-01-01

Despite evidence linking racial socialization processes to the functioning of Black youth, the effect of these parenting practices among Black college students is less clear. This study examined the relationship among racial socialization messages, academic performance, and prosocial involvement for 295 Black college students. Results revealed…

Black Hole Grabs Starry Snack

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Poster Version

This artist's concept shows a supermassive black hole at the center of a remote galaxy digesting the remnants of a star. NASA's Galaxy Evolution Explorer had a 'ringside' seat for this feeding frenzy, using its ultraviolet eyes to study the process from beginning to end.

The artist's concept chronicles the star being ripped apart and swallowed by the cosmic beast over time. First, the intact sun-like star (left) ventures too close to the black hole, and its own self-gravity is overwhelmed by the black hole's gravity. The star then stretches apart (middle yellow blob) and eventually breaks into stellar crumbs, some of which swirl into the black hole (cloudy ring at right). This doomed material heats up and radiates light, including ultraviolet light, before disappearing forever into the black hole. The Galaxy Evolution Explorer was able to watch this process unfold by observing changes in ultraviolet light.

The area around the black hole appears warped because the gravity of the black hole acts like a lens, twisting and distorting light.

Almost certain escape from black holes in final state projection models.

PubMed

Lloyd, Seth

2006-02-17

Recent models of the black-hole final state suggest that quantum information can escape from a black hole by a process akin to teleportation. These models rely on a controversial process called final-state projection. This Letter discusses the self-consistency of the final-state projection hypothesis and investigates escape from black holes for arbitrary final states and for generic interactions between matter and Hawking radiation. Quantum information escapes with fidelity approximately = (8/3pi)2: only half a bit of quantum information is lost on average, independent of the number of bits that escape from the hole.

Nitrogen management in landfill leachate: Application of SHARON, ANAMMOX and combined SHARON-ANAMMOX process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sri Shalini, S., E-mail: srishalini10@gmail.com; Joseph, Kurian, E-mail: kuttiani@gmail.com

2012-12-15

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Significant research on ammonia removal from leachate by SHARON and ANAMMOX process. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Operational parameters, microbiology, biochemistry and application of the process. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer SHARON-ANAMMOX process for leachate a new research and this paper gives wide facts. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cost-effective process, alternative to existing technologies for leachate treatment. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Address the issues and operational conditions for application in leachate treatment. - Abstract: In today's context of waste management, landfilling of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) is considered to be one of the standard practices worldwide. Leachate generated from municipal landfills has become a great threat to the surroundings as it containsmore » high concentration of organics, ammonia and other toxic pollutants. Emphasis has to be placed on the removal of ammonia nitrogen in particular, derived from the nitrogen content of the MSW and it is a long term pollution problem in landfills which determines when the landfill can be considered stable. Several biological processes are available for the removal of ammonia but novel processes such as the Single Reactor System for High Activity Ammonia Removal over Nitrite (SHARON) and Anaerobic Ammonium Oxidation (ANAMMOX) process have great potential and several advantages over conventional processes. The combined SHARON-ANAMMOX process for municipal landfill leachate treatment is a new, innovative and significant approach that requires more research to identify and solve critical issues. This review addresses the operational parameters, microbiology, biochemistry and application of both the processes to remove ammonia from leachate.« less

Novel Cause of 'Black Thyroid': Intraoperative Use of Indocyanine Green.

PubMed

Chernock, Rebecca D; Jackson, Ryan S

2017-09-01

The antibiotic minocycline is virtually pathognomonic for brown-black discoloration of the thyroid gland referred to as 'black thyroid'. Black thyroid' is an incidental finding in patients taking the drug who undergo thyroid surgery for another indication and is not of known clinical significance. However, its recognition is important so as not to raise concern for a disease process. Here, we present the first case of 'black thyroid' attributable to the iodine-containing compound indocyanine green. Intraoperative indocyanine green was administered as part of a research protocol transoral robotic-assisted surgery for a base of tongue cancer in a 44-year-old man. Hemithyroidectomy was subsequently performed during the same operation for further evaluation of an indeterminate thyroid nodule. The resected thyroid lobe was dark, nearly black in color, and histologically showed extensive brown pigment deposition in the follicular epithelial cells and colloid, mimicking minocycline-induced 'black thyroid'. In this case, however, the patient was not taking minocycline; instead the 'black thyroid' was attributed to the iodine-containing compound indocyanine green. Indocyanine green is a hereto unreported cause of 'black thyroid' with histopathologic features that are remarkably similar to that induced by minocycline. Indocyanine green should be included the differential diagnosis of 'black thyroid'. Clinical history is important so as not to raise concern for a disease process.

The magnetic nature of disk accretion onto black holes.

PubMed

Miller, Jon M; Raymond, John; Fabian, Andy; Steeghs, Danny; Homan, Jeroen; Reynolds, Chris; van der Klis, Michiel; Wijnands, Rudy

2006-06-22

Although disk accretion onto compact objects-white dwarfs, neutron stars and black holes-is central to much of high-energy astrophysics, the mechanisms that enable this process have remained observationally difficult to determine. Accretion disks must transfer angular momentum in order for matter to travel radially inward onto the compact object. Internal viscosity from magnetic processes and disk winds can both in principle transfer angular momentum, but hitherto we lacked evidence that either occurs. Here we report that an X-ray-absorbing wind discovered in an observation of the stellar-mass black hole binary GRO J1655 - 40 (ref. 6) must be powered by a magnetic process that can also drive accretion through the disk. Detailed spectral analysis and modelling of the wind shows that it can only be powered by pressure generated by magnetic viscosity internal to the disk or magnetocentrifugal forces. This result demonstrates that disk accretion onto black holes is a fundamentally magnetic process.

Magnetohydrodynamic Simulations of Black Hole Accretion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avara, Mark J.

Black holes embody one of the few, simple, solutions to the Einstein field equations that describe our modern understanding of gravitation. In isolation they are small, dark, and elusive. However, when a gas cloud or star wanders too close, they light up our universe in a way no other cosmic object can. The processes of magnetohydrodynamics which describe the accretion inflow and outflows of plasma around black holes are highly coupled and nonlinear and so require numerical experiments for elucidation. These processes are at the heart of astrophysics since black holes, once they somehow reach super-massive status, influence the evolution of the largest structures in the universe. It has been my goal, with the body of work comprising this thesis, to explore the ways in which the influence of black holes on their surroundings differs from the predictions of standard accretion models. I have especially focused on how magnetization of the greater black hole environment can impact accretion systems.

Charge loss (or the lack thereof) for AdS black holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ong, Yen Chin; Chen, Pisin

2014-06-01

The evolution of evaporating charged black holes is complicated to model in general, but is nevertheless important since the hints to the Information Loss Paradox and its recent firewall incarnation may lie in understanding more generic geometries than that of Schwarzschild spacetime. Fortunately, for sufficiently large asymptotically flat Reissner-Nordström black holes, the evaporation process can be modeled via a system of coupled linear ordinary differential equations, with charge loss rate governed by Schwinger pair-production process. The same model can be generalized to study the evaporation of AdS Reissner-Nordström black holes with flat horizon. It was recently found that such black holes always evolve towards extremality since charge loss is inefficient. This property is completely opposite to the asymptotically flat case in which the black hole eventually loses its charges and tends towards Schwarzschild limit. We clarify the underlying reason for this different behavior.

Black ordinary chondrites - An analysis of abundance and fall frequency

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britt, Daniel T.; Pieters, Carle M.

1991-01-01

Black ordinary chondrite meteorites sample the spectral effects of shock on ordinary chondrite material in the space environment. Since shock is an important regolith process these meteorites provide insight into the spectral properties of the regoliths on ordinary chondrite parent bodies. To determine how common black chondrites are in the meteorite collection and, by analogy, the frequency of shock-alteration in ordinary chondrites, several of the world's major meteorite collections were examined to identify black chondrites. Over 80 percent of all cataloged ordinary chondrites were examined and, using an optical definition, 61 black chondrites were identified. Black chondrites account for approximately 13.7 percent of ordinary chondrite falls. If the optically altered gas-rich ordinary chondrites are included the proportion of falls that exhibit some form of altered spectral properties increases to 16.7 percent. This suggests that optical alteration of asteroidal material in the space environment is a relatively common process.

Genetic structure of lake whitefish, Coregonus clupeaformis, populations in the northern main basin of Lake Huron

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stott, Wendylee; Ebener, Mark P.; Mohr, Lloyd; Schaeffer, Jeff; Roseman, Edward F.; Harford, William J.; Johnson, James E.; Fietsch, Cherie-Lee

2012-01-01

Genetic analysis of spawning lake whitefish (Coregonus clupeaformis) from six sites in the main basin of Lake Huron was conducted to determine population structure. Samples from fisheryindependent assessment surveys in the northwest main basin were analyzed to determine the relative contributions of lake whitefish genetic populations. Genetic population structure was identified using data from seven microsatellite DNA loci. One population was identified at Manitoulin Island, one to two were observed in the east-central main basin (Fishing Island and Douglas Point), and one to two populations were found in the northwest (Thunder Bay and Duncan Bay). The genetic identity of collections from Duncan Bay and Thunder Bay was not consistent among methods used to analyze population structure. Low genetic distances suggested that they comprised one population, but genic differences indicated that they may constitute separate populations. Simulated data indicated that the genetic origins of samples from a mixed-fishery could be accurately identified, but accuracy could be improved by incorporating additional microsatellite loci. Mixture analysis and individual assignment tests performed on mixed-stock samples collected from the western main basin suggested that genetic populations from the east-central main basin contributed less than those from the western main basin and that the proportional contribution of each baseline population was similar in each assessment sample. Analysis of additional microsatellite DNA loci may be useful to help improve the precision of the estimates, thus increasing our ability to manage and protect this valuable resource.

Development of lidar sensor for cloud-based measurements during convective conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vishnu, R.; Bhavani Kumar, Y.; Rao, T. Narayana; Nair, Anish Kumar M.; Jayaraman, A.

2016-05-01

Atmospheric convection is a natural phenomena associated with heat transport. Convection is strong during daylight periods and rigorous in summer months. Severe ground heating associated with strong winds experienced during these periods. Tropics are considered as the source regions for strong convection. Formation of thunder storm clouds is common during this period. Location of cloud base and its associated dynamics is important to understand the influence of convection on the atmosphere. Lidars are sensitive to Mie scattering and are the suitable instruments for locating clouds in the atmosphere than instruments utilizing the radio frequency spectrum. Thunder storm clouds are composed of hydrometers and strongly scatter the laser light. Recently, a lidar technique was developed at National Atmospheric Research Laboratory (NARL), a Department of Space (DOS) unit, located at Gadanki near Tirupati. The lidar technique employs slant path operation and provides high resolution measurements on cloud base location in real-time. The laser based remote sensing technique allows measurement of atmosphere for every second at 7.5 m range resolution. The high resolution data permits assessment of updrafts at the cloud base. The lidar also provides real-time convective boundary layer height using aerosols as the tracers of atmospheric dynamics. The developed lidar sensor is planned for up-gradation with scanning facility to understand the cloud dynamics in the spatial direction. In this presentation, we present the lidar sensor technology and utilization of its technology for high resolution cloud base measurements during convective conditions over lidar site, Gadanki.

Shear wave velocity models retrieved using Rg wave dispersion data in shallow crust in some regions of southern Ontario, Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Shutian; Motazedian, Dariush; Corchete, Victor

2013-04-01

Many crucial tasks in seismology, such as locating seismic events and estimating focal mechanisms, need crustal velocity models. The velocity models of shallow structures are particularly important in the simulation of ground motions. In southern Ontario, Canada, many small shallow earthquakes occur, generating high-frequency Rayleigh ( Rg) waves that are sensitive to shallow structures. In this research, the dispersion of Rg waves was used to obtain shear-wave velocities in the top few kilometers of the crust in the Georgian Bay, Sudbury, and Thunder Bay areas of southern Ontario. Several shallow velocity models were obtained based on the dispersion of recorded Rg waves. The Rg waves generated by an m N 3.0 natural earthquake on the northern shore of Georgian Bay were used to obtain velocity models for the area of an earthquake swarm in 2007. The Rg waves generated by a mining induced event in the Sudbury area in 2005 were used to retrieve velocity models between Georgian Bay and the Ottawa River. The Rg waves generated by the largest event in a natural earthquake swarm near Thunder Bay in 2008 were used to obtain a velocity model in that swarm area. The basic feature of all the investigated models is that there is a top low-velocity layer with a thickness of about 0.5 km. The seismic velocities changed mainly within the top 2 km, where small earthquakes often occur.

Caffeine content of prepackaged national-brand and private-label carbonated beverages.

PubMed

Chou, K-H; Bell, L N

2007-08-01

Caffeine is a well-known stimulant that is added as an ingredient to various carbonated soft drinks. Due to its stimulatory and other physiological effects, individuals desire to know the exact amount of caffeine consumed from these beverages. This study analyzed the caffeine contents of 56 national-brand and 75 private-label store-brand carbonated beverages using high-performance liquid chromatography. Caffeine contents ranged from 4.9 mg/12 oz (IGA Cola) to 74 mg/12 oz (Vault Zero). Some of the more common national-brand carbonated beverages analyzed in this study with their caffeine contents were Coca-Cola (33.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Coke (46.3 mg/12 oz), Pepsi (38.9 mg/12 oz), Diet Pepsi (36.7 mg/12 oz), Dr Pepper (42.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Pepper (44.1 mg/12 oz), Mountain Dew (54.8 mg/12 oz), and Diet Mountain Dew (55.2 mg/12 oz). The Wal-Mart store-brand beverages with their caffeine contents were Sam's Cola (12.7 mg/12 oz), Sam's Diet Cola (13.3 mg/12 oz), Dr Thunder (30.6 mg/12 oz), Diet Dr Thunder (29.9 mg/12 oz), and Mountain Lightning (46.5 mg/12 oz). Beverages from 14 other stores were also analyzed. Most store-brand carbonated beverages were found to contain less caffeine than their national-brand counterparts. The wide range of caffeine contents in carbonated beverages indicates that consumers would benefit from the placement of caffeine values on food labels.

Thunder-induced ground motions: 1. Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ting-L.; Langston, Charles A.

2009-04-01

Acoustic pressure from thunder and its induced ground motions were investigated using a small array consisting of five three-component short-period surface seismometers, a three-component borehole seismometer, and five infrasound microphones. We used the array to constrain wave parameters of the incident acoustic and seismic waves. The incident slowness differences between acoustic pressure and ground motions suggest that ground reverberations were first initiated somewhat away from the array. Using slowness inferred from ground motions is preferable to obtain the seismic source parameters. We propose a source equalization procedure for acoustic/seismic deconvolution to generate the time domain transfer function, a procedure similar to that of obtaining teleseismic earthquake receiver functions. The time domain transfer function removes the incident pressure time history from the seismogram. An additional vertical-to-radial ground motion transfer function was used to identify the Rayleigh wave propagation mode of induced seismic waves complementing that found using the particle motions and amplitude variations in the borehole. The initial motions obtained by the time domain transfer functions suggest a low Poisson's ratio for the near-surface layer. The acoustic-to-seismic transfer functions show a consistent reverberation series at frequencies near 5 Hz. This gives an empirical measure of site resonance that depends on the ratio of the layer velocity to layer thickness for earthquake P and S waves. The time domain transfer function approach by transferring a spectral division into the time domain provides an alternative method for studying acoustic-to-seismic coupling.

Health, trust, or "just understood": explicit and implicit condom decision-making processes among black, white, and interracial same-sex male couples.

PubMed

Campbell, Chadwick K; Gómez, Anu Manchikanti; Dworkin, Shari; Wilson, Patrick A; Grisham, Kirk K; McReynolds, Jaih; Vielehr, Peter; Hoff, Colleen

2014-05-01

Among gay and bisexual men, primary partners are a leading source of HIV infection. Trust, intimacy, and advancements in HIV treatment may impact same-sex male (SSM) couples' decisions to engage in unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). This qualitative study explored how Black, White and interracial couples discussed, and made decisions regarding condoms. Qualitative interviews were conducted with 48 SSM couples in the New York and San Francisco metropolitan areas. Stratified purposive sampling was used to include Black (n = 16), White (n = 17), and interracial (Black-White) (n = 15) couples. Twenty-six couples were concordant HIV-negative and 22 were HIV-discordant. Interviews were recorded, transcribed, coded, and analyzed using a grounded theory approach. Some couples described explicit processes, which involved active discussion, while others described implicit processes, where condom-use decisions occurred without any explicit discussion. These processes also differed by race and HIV status. Black couples tended to report condom-use as "just understood." White, HIV-discordant couples decided not to use condoms, with some identifying the HIV-positive partner's suppressed viral load and high CD4 count as deciding factors. After an unplanned episode of UAI, White, HIV-negative couples tended to discontinue condom use while Black HIV-negative couples decided to revert to using condoms. HIV prevention efforts focused on same-sex, male couples must consider the explicit/implicit nature of condom decision-making processes. Understanding differences in these processes and considering relationship dynamics, across race and HIV status, can promote the development of innovative couple-level, HIV prevention interventions.

Accretion onto some well-known regular black holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jawad, Abdul; Shahzad, M. Umair

2016-03-01

In this work, we discuss the accretion onto static spherically symmetric regular black holes for specific choices of the equation of state parameter. The underlying regular black holes are charged regular black holes using the Fermi-Dirac distribution, logistic distribution, nonlinear electrodynamics, respectively, and Kehagias-Sftesos asymptotically flat regular black holes. We obtain the critical radius, critical speed, and squared sound speed during the accretion process near the regular black holes. We also study the behavior of radial velocity, energy density, and the rate of change of the mass for each of the regular black holes.

Bulgeless Galaxies Hosting 107 M⊙ AGN in Galaxy Zoo: The Growth of Black Holes via Secular Processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simmons, Brooke; Lintott, C. J.; Schawinski, K.; Moran, E. C.; Han, A.; Kaviraj, S.; Masters, K. L.; Urry, C. M.; Willett, K.; Bamford, S. P.; Nichol, R.

2013-01-01

The growth of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) appears to proceed via multiple pathways including mergers and secular processes, but these are difficult to disentangle for most galaxies given their complex evolutionary histories. In order to understand the effects of secular galaxy evolution on black hole growth, we require a sample of active galactic nuclei (AGN) in galaxies with a calm formation history free of significant mergers, a population that heretofore has been difficult to locate. Here we present a sample of 13 AGN in massive galaxies lacking the classical bulges believed inevitably to result from mergers; they also either lack or have extremely small pseudobulges, meaning they have had very calm accretion histories. This is the largest sample to date of massive, bulgeless AGN host galaxies selected without any direct restriction on the SMBH mass. The broad-line objects in the sample have black hole masses of 106-7 M⊙ Eddington arguments imply similar masses for the rest of the sample, meaning these black holes have grown substantially in the absence of mergers or other bulge-building processes such as violent disk instabilities. The black hole masses are systematically higher than expected from established bulge-black hole relations. However, these systems may be consistent with the correlation between black hole mass and total stellar mass. We discuss these results in the context of other studies and consider the implication that the details of stellar galaxy evolution and dynamics may not be fundamental to the co-evolution of galaxies and black holes.

Psychic Duality of Afro-Americans in Novels of W. E. B. DuBois.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, James B.

1983-01-01

Examines treatment of "double-consciousness" in DuBois' novels in the light of (1) the extent to which it provides Blacks with a vision unavailable to non-Blacks; (2) the nature and strength of cultural ties that bind Blacks together; and (3) the process by which liberation of the Black psyche is achieved. (CMG)

Station Correction Uncertainty in Multiple Event Location Algorithms and the Effect on Error Ellipses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Erickson, Jason P.; Carlson, Deborah K.; Ortiz, Anne

Accurate location of seismic events is crucial for nuclear explosion monitoring. There are several sources of error in seismic location that must be taken into account to obtain high confidence results. Most location techniques account for uncertainties in the phase arrival times (measurement error) and the bias of the velocity model (model error), but they do not account for the uncertainty of the velocity model bias. By determining and incorporating this uncertainty in the location algorithm we seek to improve the accuracy of the calculated locations and uncertainty ellipses. In order to correct for deficiencies in the velocity model, itmore » is necessary to apply station specific corrections to the predicted arrival times. Both master event and multiple event location techniques assume that the station corrections are known perfectly, when in reality there is an uncertainty associated with these corrections. For multiple event location algorithms that calculate station corrections as part of the inversion, it is possible to determine the variance of the corrections. The variance can then be used to weight the arrivals associated with each station, thereby giving more influence to stations with consistent corrections. We have modified an existing multiple event location program (based on PMEL, Pavlis and Booker, 1983). We are exploring weighting arrivals with the inverse of the station correction standard deviation as well using the conditional probability of the calculated station corrections. This is in addition to the weighting already given to the measurement and modeling error terms. We re-locate a group of mining explosions that occurred at Black Thunder, Wyoming, and compare the results to those generated without accounting for station correction uncertainty.« less

A compositional framework for Markov processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baez, John C.; Fong, Brendan; Pollard, Blake S.

2016-03-01

We define the concept of an "open" Markov process, or more precisely, continuous-time Markov chain, which is one where probability can flow in or out of certain states called "inputs" and "outputs." One can build up a Markov process from smaller open pieces. This process is formalized by making open Markov processes into the morphisms of a dagger compact category. We show that the behavior of a detailed balanced open Markov process is determined by a principle of minimum dissipation, closely related to Prigogine's principle of minimum entropy production. Using this fact, we set up a functor mapping open detailed balanced Markov processes to open circuits made of linear resistors. We also describe how to "black box" an open Markov process, obtaining the linear relation between input and output data that holds in any steady state, including nonequilibrium steady states with a nonzero flow of probability through the system. We prove that black boxing gives a symmetric monoidal dagger functor sending open detailed balanced Markov processes to Lagrangian relations between symplectic vector spaces. This allows us to compute the steady state behavior of an open detailed balanced Markov process from the behaviors of smaller pieces from which it is built. We relate this black box functor to a previously constructed black box functor for circuits.

40 CFR 458.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a point source...

40 CFR 458.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a point source...

40 CFR 458.43 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Carbon Black Lamp Process Subcategory § 458.43 Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of..., controlled by this paragraph, which may be discharged from the carbon black lamp process by a point source...

Influence of California-style black ripe olive processing on the formation of acrylamide.

PubMed

Charoenprasert, Suthawan; Mitchell, Alyson

2014-08-27

Methods used in processing California-style black ripe olives generate acrylamide. California-style black ripe olives contain higher levels of acrylamide (409.67 ± 42.60-511.91 ± 34.08 μg kg(-1)) as compared to California-style green ripe olives (44.02 ± 3.55-105.79 ± 22.01 μg kg(-1)), Greek olives (<1.42 μg kg(-1)), and Spanish olives (not detected), indicating that the higher temperatures used to sterilize the California-style green ripe and black ripe olives are required for acrylamide formation. Preprocessing brine storage influenced the formation of acrylamide in a time-dependent manner. Acrylamide increased during the first 30 days of storage. Longer brine storage times (>30 days) result in lower acrylamide levels in the finished product. The presence of calcium ions in the preprocessing brining solution results in higher levels of acrylamide in finished products. Air oxidation during lye processing and the neutralization of olives prior to sterilization significantly increase the formation of acrylamide in the finished products. Conversely, lye-processing decreases the levels of acrylamide in the final product. These results indicate that specific steps in the California-style black ripe olive processing may be manipulated to mitigate the formation of acrylamide in finished products.

Floatable, Self-Cleaning, and Carbon-Black-Based Superhydrophobic Gauze for the Solar Evaporation Enhancement at the Air-Water Interface.

PubMed

Liu, Yiming; Chen, Jingwei; Guo, Dawei; Cao, Moyuan; Jiang, Lei

2015-06-24

Efficient solar evaporation plays an indispensable role in nature as well as the industry process. However, the traditional evaporation process depends on the total temperature increase of bulk water. Recently, localized heating at the air-water interface has been demonstrated as a potential strategy for the improvement of solar evaporation. Here, we show that the carbon-black-based superhydrophobic gauze was able to float on the surface of water and selectively heat the surface water under irradiation, resulting in an enhanced evaporation rate. The fabrication process of the superhydrophobic black gauze was low-cost, scalable, and easy-to-prepare. Control experiments were conducted under different light intensities, and the results proved that the floating black gauze achieved an evaporation rate 2-3 times higher than that of the traditional process. A higher temperature of the surface water was observed in the floating gauze group, revealing a main reason for the evaporation enhancement. Furthermore, the self-cleaning ability of the superhydrophobic black gauze enabled a convenient recycling and reusing process toward practical application. The present material may open a new avenue for application of the superhydrophobic substrate and meet extensive requirements in the fields related to solar evaporation.

Physical process first law and increase of horizon entropy for black holes in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity.

PubMed

Chatterjee, Ayan; Sarkar, Sudipta

2012-03-02

We establish the physical process version of the first law by studying small perturbations of a stationary black hole with a regular bifurcation surface in Einstein-Gauss-Bonnet gravity. Our result shows that when the stationary black hole is perturbed by a matter stress energy tensor and finally settles down to a new stationary state, the Wald entropy increases as long as the matter satisfies the null energy condition.

Teaching and Learning Color Consciousness in Black Families: Exploring Family Processes and Women's Experiences with Colorism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilder, JeffriAnne; Cain, Colleen

2011-01-01

Family is regarded as a powerful force in the lives of Black Americans. Often-times, families function as an agent of socialization that counters racism. At the same time, however, Black families can perpetuate skin tone consciousness and bias, or "colorism." Although there is an extensive body of revisionist literature on Black families and a…

Graduation and Attrition of Black Students at North Carolina State University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council, Kathryn A.

The graduation and attrition patterns of black students at North Carolina State University are reported in an effort to provide data pertinent to minority students. Black students were identified after 1969 by means of an ethnic card completed during the registration process. The report is based on all black students (N=80) who entered NCSU as new…

Processes to Preserve Spice and Herb Quality and Sensory Integrity During Pathogen Inactivation

PubMed Central

Moberg, Kayla; Amin, Kemia N.; Wright, Melissa; Newkirk, Jordan J.; Ponder, Monica A.; Acuff, Gary R.; Dickson, James S.

2017-01-01

Abstract Selected processing methods, demonstrated to be effective at reducing Salmonella, were assessed to determine if spice and herb quality was affected. Black peppercorn, cumin seed, oregano, and onion powder were irradiated to a target dose of 8 kGy. Two additional processes were examined for whole black peppercorns and cumin seeds: ethylene oxide (EtO) fumigation and vacuum assisted‐steam (82.22 °C, 7.5 psia). Treated and untreated spices/herbs were compared (visual, odor) using sensory similarity testing protocols (α = 0.20; β = 0.05; proportion of discriminators: 20%) to determine if processing altered sensory quality. Analytical assessment of quality (color, water activity, and volatile chemistry) was completed. Irradiation did not alter visual or odor sensory quality of black peppercorn, cumin seed, or oregano but created differences in onion powder, which was lighter (higher L *) and more red (higher a*) in color, and resulted in nearly complete loss of measured volatile compounds. EtO processing did not create detectable odor or appearance differences in black peppercorn; however visual and odor sensory quality differences, supported by changes in color (higher b *; lower L *) and increased concentrations of most volatiles, were detected for cumin seeds. Steam processing of black peppercorn resulted in perceptible odor differences, supported by increased concentration of monoterpene volatiles and loss of all sesquiterpenes; only visual differences were noted for cumin seed. An important step in process validation is the verification that no effect is detectable from a sensory perspective. PMID:28407236

Black-Scholes model under subordination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stanislavsky, A. A.

2003-02-01

In this paper, we consider a new mathematical extension of the Black-Scholes (BS) model in which the stochastic time and stock share price evolution is described by two independent random processes. The parent process is Brownian, and the directing process is inverse to the totally skewed, strictly α-stable process. The subordinated process represents the Brownian motion indexed by an independent, continuous and increasing process. This allows us to introduce the long-term memory effects in the classical BS model.

The third order correction on Hawking radiation and entropy conservation during black hole evaporation process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Hao-Peng; Liu, Wen-Biao

2016-08-01

Using Parikh-Wilczek tunneling framework, we calculate the tunneling rate from a Schwarzschild black hole under the third order WKB approximation, and then obtain the expressions for emission spectrum and black hole entropy to the third order correction. The entropy contains four terms including the Bekenstein-Hawking entropy, the logarithmic term, the inverse area term, and the square of inverse area term. In addition, we analyse the correlation between sequential emissions under this approximation. It is shown that the entropy is conserved during the process of black hole evaporation, which consists with the request of quantum mechanics and implies the information is conserved during this process. We also compare the above result with that of pure thermal spectrum case, and find that the non-thermal correction played an important role.

The mass formula for an exotic BTZ black hole

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Baocheng, E-mail: zhangbc.zhang@yahoo.com

2016-04-15

An exotic Bañados–Teitelboim–Zanelli (BTZ) black hole has an angular momentum larger than its mass in three dimension (3D), which suggests the possibility that cosmic censorship could be violated if angular momentum is extracted by the Penrose process. In this paper, we propose a mass formula for the exotic BTZ black hole and show no violation of weak cosmic censorship in the gedanken process above by understanding properly its mass formula. Unlike the other black holes, the total energy of the exotic BTZ black hole is represented by the angular momentum instead of the mass, which supports a basic point ofmore » view that the same geometry should be determined by the same energy in 3D general relativity whose equation of motion can be given either by normal 3D Einstein gravity or by exotic 3D Einstein gravity. However, only the mass of the exotic black hole is related to the thermodynamics and other forms of energy are “dumb”, which is consistent with the earlier thermodynamic analysis about exotic black holes.« less

Assessing the People’s Liberation Army in the Hu Jintao Era

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

mation technologies and advanced sensors into its modernization efforts. It also improved its ability to carry out joint training and missions other...Jianwei (刘建伟), “迎接党的十八大:信息主导三军演兵 风雷激荡” (“The 18 Party Congress: Information Leads the Three Military Services to Drills, Surging With Wind and Thunder...for systems integration with the steam 282 turbines and boilers, the likely choice for the power plant of this new type. But more importantly, PLAN

What is that mysterious booming sound?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hill, David P.

2011-01-01

The residents of coastal North Carolina are occasionally treated to sequences of booming sounds of unknown origin. The sounds are often energetic enough to rattle windows and doors. A recent sequence occurred in early January 2011 during clear weather with no evidence of local thunder storms. Queries by a local reporter (Colin Hackman of the NBC affiliate WETC in Wilmington, North Carolina, personal communication 2011) seemed to eliminate common anthropogenic sources such as sonic booms or quarry blasts. So the commonly asked question, “What's making these booming sounds?” remained (and remains) unanswered.

Thunder and lightning: immunotherapy and oncolytic viruses collide.

PubMed

Melcher, Alan; Parato, Kelley; Rooney, Cliona M; Bell, John C

2011-06-01

For the last several decades, the development of antitumor immune-based strategies and the engineering and testing of oncolytic viruses (OVs) has occurred largely in parallel tracks. Indeed, the immune system is often thought of as an impediment to successful oncolytic virus delivery and efficacy. More recently, however, both preclinical and clinical results have revealed potential synergy between these two promising therapeutic strategies. Here, we summarize some of the evidence that supports combining OVs with immuno-therapeutics and suggest new ways to mount a multipronged biological attack against cancers.

Using a new, free spectrograph program to critically investigate acoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ball, Edward; Ruiz, Michael J.

2016-11-01

We have developed an online spectrograph program with a bank of over 30 audio clips to visualise a variety of sounds. Our audio library includes everyday sounds such as speech, singing, musical instruments, birds, a baby, cat, dog, sirens, a jet, thunder, and screaming. We provide a link to a video of the sound sources superimposed with their respective spectrograms in real time. Readers can use our spectrograph program to view our library, open their own desktop audio files, and use the program in real time with a computer microphone.

Finding, Fixing, and Finishing the Guideline: The Development of the United States Air Force Surface-to-Air Missile Suppression Force During Operation Rolling Thunder

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-11

greatly aided by the mentorship and feedback provided by a diverse team of friends, peers , and instructors that focused me through the research and...internment in a Soviet prison brought about the end of the U-2 over flight program of the Soviet Union. Later, during the Cuban Missile Crisis, Maj Rudolph ...REPORT: Buffalo Hunter, 1970-1972. HQ PACAF, 1973. Heffron Jr., Charles H. PROJECT CHECO REPORT: Air to Air Encounters Over North Vietnam, 1 Jan

[Deaths in swine by a lightning strike in the sty].

PubMed

Appel, G

1991-05-01

It is reported on deaths of pigs due to lightning stroke in the barn. During a severe thunder storm 11 clinically healthy pigs with an average weight of approx. 22 kg died simultaneously and suddenly in the barn. The animals were kept on a floor of metal slats. The pens were separated by metal bars. A water pipe leading into the barn from outside had contact to the bars. Two pigs were submitted for an examination approx. three hours post mortem. The macroscopic and microscopic necropsy findings are described.