Alternative Routes to Teacher Certification.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith-Davis, Judy

This literature review examines alternative routes to teacher certification and presents alternative certification regulations and policies for 19 states. Three categories of nontraditional personnel preparation programs are noted: nontraditional recruitment programs, retraining programs, and alternative certification programs. A definition of…

75 FR 16957 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Battery Chargers and External Power Supplies

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-02

... Procedures C. Review of Single-Voltage External Power Supply Test Procedure D. Multiple-Voltage External...) Deletions of Existing Definitions (b) Revisions to Existing Definitions (c) Additions of New Definitions 4. Test Apparatus and General Instructions (a) Confidence Intervals (b) Temperature (c) AC Input Voltage...

Social Skills Interventions for Children with Asperger's Syndrome or High-Functioning Autism: A Review and Recommendations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rao, Patricia A.; Beidel, Deborah C.; Murray, Michael J.

2008-01-01

This paper reviews the literature examining social skills training (SST) programs for youth with AS/HFA, with an emphasis on critically evaluating efficacy and highlighting areas of future research. The review highlights the disparity between SST programs described in the extant literature, including lack of a universal definition of social…

Review of the Tri-Agency Space Nuclear Reactor Power System Technology Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ambrus, J. H.; Wright, W. E.; Bunch, D. F.

1984-01-01

The Space Nuclear Reactor Power System Technology Program designated SP-100 was created in 1983 by NASA, the U.S. Department of Defense, and the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency. Attention is presently given to the development history of SP-100 over the course of its first year, in which it has been engaged in program objectives' definition, the analysis of civil and military missions, nuclear power system functional requirements' definition, concept definition studies, the selection of primary concepts for technology feasibility validation, and the acquisition of initial experimental and analytical results.

Developing a comprehensive definition of sustainability.

PubMed

Moore, Julia E; Mascarenhas, Alekhya; Bain, Julie; Straus, Sharon E

2017-09-02

Understanding sustainability is one of the significant implementation science challenges. One of the big challenges in researching sustainability is the lack of consistent definitions in the literature. Most implementation studies do not present a definition of sustainability, even when assessing sustainability. The aim of the current study was to systematically develop a comprehensive definition of sustainability based on definitions already used in the literature. We searched for knowledge syntheses of sustainability and abstracted sustainability definitions from the articles identified through any relevant systematic and scoping reviews. The constructs in the abstracted sustainability definitions were mapped to an existing definition. The comprehensive definition of sustainability was revised to include emerging constructs. We identified four knowledge syntheses of sustainability, which identified 209 original articles. Of the 209 articles, 24 (11.5%) included a definition of sustainability. These definitions were mapped to three constructs from an existing definition, and nine new constructs emerged. We reviewed all constructs and created a revised definition: (1) after a defined period of time, (2) a program, clinical intervention, and/or implementation strategies continue to be delivered and/or (3) individual behavior change (i.e., clinician, patient) is maintained; (4) the program and individual behavior change may evolve or adapt while (5) continuing to produce benefits for individuals/systems. All 24 definitions were remapped to the comprehensive definition (percent agreement among three coders was 94%). Of the 24 definitions, 17 described the continued delivery of a program (70.8%), 17 mentioned continued outcomes (70.8%), 13 mentioned time (54.2%), 8 addressed the individual maintenance of a behavior change (33.3%), and 6 described the evolution or adaptation (25.0%). We drew from over 200 studies to identify 24 existing definitions of sustainability. Based on these definitions, we identified five key sustainability constructs, which can be used as the basis for future research on sustainability. Our next step is to identify sustainability frameworks and develop a meta-framework using a concept mapping approach to consolidate the factors and considerations across sustainability frameworks.

A Fractional Factorial Design Approach to Examining the Relative Importance of Five Factors in the Definition of Disability.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ortiz, Elizabeth T.

Programs which provide income maintenance to disabled persons of working age are experiencing rapidly growing enrollments and rising costs. Changes in the definition of disability are thought to be a contributing factor. A review of existing income programs for the work-disabled indicated that social and economic factors were used increasingly in…

32 CFR 1803.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... FOR MANDATORY DECLASSIFICATION REVIEW OF CLASSIFIED INFORMATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 3.6 OF EXECUTIVE... Coordinator who serves as the NACIC manager of the information review and release program instituted under the mandatory declassification review provisions of Executive Order 12958; Federal agency means any executive...

Reporting Fatal Neglect in Child Death Review.

PubMed

Scott, Debbie

2018-01-01

Child death reviews are conducted with the aim of preventing child deaths however, definitions, inclusion criteria for the review of child deaths and reporting practices vary across Child Death Review Teams (CDRTs). This article aims to identify a common context and understanding of fatal neglect reporting by reviewing definitional issues of fatal neglect and comparing reporting practice across a number of CDRTs. Providing a consistent context for identifying and reporting neglect-related deaths may improve the understanding of the impact of fatal neglect and the risk factors associated with it and therefore, improve the potential of CDRT review to inform prevention programs, policies, and procedures.

20 CFR 404.1502 - General definitions and terms for this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... administrative review process, and at the Federal reviewing official, administrative law judge, and Decision Review Board levels of the administrative review process in claims adjudicated under the procedures in part 405 of this chapter, it includes State agency medical and psychological consultants, other program...

42 CFR 456.520 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS UTILIZATION CONTROL Utilization Review Plans: FFP, Waivers, and Variances for Hospitals and Mental Hospitals Ur Plan: Remote Facility Variances from Time Requirements § 456.520 Definitions... granted by the Administrator to the Medicaid agency for a specific remote facility to use time periods...

45 CFR 660.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Section 660.2 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 660.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Foundation means the National Science Foundation. Order means...

45 CFR 660.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 660.2 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 660.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Foundation means the National Science Foundation. Order means...

45 CFR 660.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 660.2 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 660.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Foundation means the National Science Foundation. Order means...

45 CFR 660.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Section 660.2 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 660.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Foundation means the National Science Foundation. Order means...

45 CFR 660.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Section 660.2 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF THE NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 660.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Foundation means the National Science Foundation. Order means...

7 CFR 1486.101 - What special definitions apply to this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... of Agriculture whose primary mission is to review proposals requesting funding under the EMP and make... World Bank. EMP—Emerging Markets Program. FAS—Foreign Agricultural Service. Generic Promotion—an...

7 CFR 1486.101 - What special definitions apply to this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... of Agriculture whose primary mission is to review proposals requesting funding under the EMP and make... World Bank. EMP—Emerging Markets Program. FAS—Foreign Agricultural Service. Generic Promotion—an...

7 CFR 1486.101 - What special definitions apply to this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... of Agriculture whose primary mission is to review proposals requesting funding under the EMP and make... World Bank. EMP—Emerging Markets Program. FAS—Foreign Agricultural Service. Generic Promotion—an...

Evaluating School Violence Programs. Urban Diversity Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flaxman, Erwin, Ed.

The essays in this collection review information, resources, and guidelines on the basic principles of internal evaluations of school violence programs. This information can help staff with program definition, planning, implementation, continuous improvement, and measurement of outcomes. "Introduction" (Erwin Flaxman) examines types of…

NASA firefighters breathing system program report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wood, W. B.

1977-01-01

Because of the rising incidence of respiratory injury to firefighters, local governments expressed the need for improved breathing apparatus. A review of the NASA firefighters breathing system program, including concept definition, design, development, regulatory agency approval, in-house testing, and program conclusion is presented.

42 CFR 8.22 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 8.22 Section 8.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for Review of Suspension or Proposed Revocation of OTP Certification, and of...

42 CFR 8.22 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 8.22 Section 8.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for Review of Suspension or Proposed Revocation of OTP Certification, and of...

42 CFR 8.22 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 8.22 Section 8.22 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID TREATMENT PROGRAMS Procedures for Review of Suspension or Proposed Revocation of OTP Certification, and of...

75 FR 4827 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP) Database (NCI)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-29

...; Comment Request Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP) Database (NCI) Summary: Under the provisions of... Collection: Title: Clinical Trials Reporting Program (CTRP) Database. Type of Information Collection Request... Program (CTRP) Database, to serve as a single, definitive source of information about all NCI-supported...

Microgravity

NASA Image and Video Library

1998-09-30

The Electrostatic Levitator (ESL) Facility established at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) supports NASA's Microgravity Materials Science Research Program. NASA materials science investigations include ground-based, flight definition and flight projects. Flight definition projects, with demanding science concept review schedules, receive highest priority for scheduling experiment time in the Electrostatic Levitator (ESL) Facility.

32 CFR 1803.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Coordinator who serves as the NACIC manager of the information review and release program instituted under the... in the future; Referral means coordination with or transfer of action to an interested party; This... ORDER 12958 General § 1803.2 Definitions. For purposes of this part, the following terms have the...

32 CFR 1803.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Coordinator who serves as the NACIC manager of the information review and release program instituted under the... in the future; Referral means coordination with or transfer of action to an interested party; This... ORDER 12958 General § 1803.2 Definitions. For purposes of this part, the following terms have the...

49 CFR 110.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND OIL TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC SECTOR... review means the review and evaluation of costs to determine reasonableness, allocability, and... the program contact with the project manager. The project officer is responsible for monitoring the...

49 CFR 110.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND OIL TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC SECTOR... review means the review and evaluation of costs to determine reasonableness, allocability, and... the program contact with the project manager. The project officer is responsible for monitoring the...

49 CFR 110.20 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND OIL TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS PUBLIC SECTOR... review means the review and evaluation of costs to determine reasonableness, allocability, and... the program contact with the project manager. The project officer is responsible for monitoring the...

A family-centered, community-based system of services for children and youth with special health care needs.

PubMed

Perrin, James M; Romm, Diane; Bloom, Sheila R; Homer, Charles J; Kuhlthau, Karen A; Cooley, Carl; Duncan, Paula; Roberts, Richard; Sloyer, Phyllis; Wells, Nora; Newacheck, Paul

2007-10-01

To present a conceptual definition of a family-centered system of services for children and youth with special health care needs (CYSHCN). Previous work by the Maternal and Child Health Bureau to define CYSHCN has had widespread program effects. This article similarly seeks to provide a definition of a system of services. Comprehensive literature review of systems of services and consensus panel organized to review and refine the definition. Policy research group and advisors at multiple sites. Policy researchers, content experts on CYSHCN, family representatives, and state program directors. Definition of a system of services for CYSHCN. This article defines a system of services for CYSHCN as a family-centered network of community-based services designed to promote the healthy development and well-being of these children and their families. The definition can guide discussion among policy makers, practitioners, state programs, researchers, and families for implementing the "community-based systems of services" contained in Title V of the Social Security Act. Critical characteristics of a system include coordination of child and family services, effective communication among providers and the family, family partnership in care provision, and flexibility. This definition provides a conceptual model that can help measurement development and assessment of how well systems work and achieve their goals. Currently available performance objectives for the provision of care for CYSHCN and national surveys of child health could be modified to assess systems of services in general.

45 CFR 1152.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 1152.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Chairman means the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts or an official or employee of...

Minimum Essential Requirements and Standards in Medical Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wojtczak, Andrzej; Schwarz, M. Roy

2000-01-01

Reviews the definition of standards in general, and proposes a definition of standards and global minimum essential requirements for use in medical education. Aims to serve as a tool for the improvement of quality and international comparisons of basic medical programs. Explains the IIME (Institute for International Medical Education) project…

45 CFR 1152.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FOUNDATION ON THE ARTS AND THE HUMANITIES NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS INTERGOVERNMENTAL REVIEW OF NATIONAL ENDOWMENT FOR THE ARTS PROGRAMS AND ACTIVITIES § 1152.2 What definitions apply to these regulations? Chairman means the Chairman of the National Endowment for the Arts or an official or employee of...

Medical accuracy in sexuality education: ideology and the scientific process.

PubMed

Santelli, John S

2008-10-01

Recently, many states have implemented requirements for scientific or medical accuracy in sexuality education and HIV prevention programs. Although seemingly uncontroversial, these requirements respond to the increasing injection of ideology into sexuality education, as represented by abstinence-only programs. I describe the process by which health professionals and government advisory groups within the United States reach scientific consensus and review the legal requirements and definitions for medical accuracy. Key elements of this scientific process include the weight of scientific evidence, the importance of scientific theory, peer review, and recognition by mainstream scientific and health organizations. I propose a concise definition of medical accuracy that may be useful to policymakers, health educators, and other health practitioners.

Office of Adolescent Health medical accuracy review process--helping ensure the medical accuracy of Teen Pregnancy Prevention Program materials.

PubMed

Jensen, Jo Anne G; Moreno, Elizabeth L; Rice, Tara M

2014-03-01

The Office of Adolescent Health (OAH) developed a systematic approach to review for medical accuracy the educational materials proposed for use in Teen Pregnancy Prevention (TPP) programs. This process is also used by the Administration on Children, Youth, and Families (ACYF) for review of materials used in the Personal Responsibility Education Innovative Strategies (PREIS) Program. This article describes the review process, explaining the methodology, the team implementing the reviews, and the process for distributing review findings and implementing changes. Provided also is the definition of "medically accurate and complete" as used in the programs, and a description of what constitutes "complete" information when discussing sexually transmitted infections and birth control methods. The article is of interest to program providers, curriculum developers and purveyors, and those who are interested in providing medically accurate and complete information to adolescents. Published by Elsevier Inc.

42 CFR 431.958 - Definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.958 Definitions and use of terms. Active case means a case containing information on a beneficiary who is enrolled in the Medicaid or CHIP program in the... purposes of the PERM eligibility reviews under this part, the entity that performs the Medicaid and CHIP...

42 CFR 431.958 - Definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.958 Definitions and use of terms. Active case means a case containing information on a beneficiary who is enrolled in the Medicaid or CHIP program in the... purposes of the PERM eligibility reviews under this part, the entity that performs the Medicaid and CHIP...

42 CFR 431.958 - Definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.958 Definitions and use of terms. Active case means a case containing information on a beneficiary who is enrolled in the Medicaid or CHIP program in the... purposes of the PERM eligibility reviews under this part, the entity that performs the Medicaid and CHIP...

42 CFR 431.958 - Definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.958 Definitions and use of terms. Active case means a case containing information on a beneficiary who is enrolled in the Medicaid or CHIP program in the... purposes of the PERM eligibility reviews under this part, the entity that performs the Medicaid and CHIP...

42 CFR 431.958 - Definitions and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Estimating Improper Payments in Medicaid and CHIP § 431.958 Definitions and use of terms. Active case means a case containing information on a beneficiary who is enrolled in the Medicaid or CHIP program in the... purposes of the PERM eligibility reviews under this part, the entity that performs the Medicaid and CHIP...

ROMPS critical design review. Volume 2: Robot module design documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dobbs, M. E.

1992-01-01

The robot module design documentation for the Remote Operated Materials Processing in Space (ROMPS) experiment is compiled. This volume presents the following information: robot module modifications; Easylab commands definitions and flowcharts; Easylab program definitions and flowcharts; robot module fault conditions and structure charts; and C-DOC flow structure and cross references.

Status of US Maglev Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rote, D.M.

1993-11-01

Factors that have led to a reawakening of national interest in maglev technology in the United States are discussed. The development of the National Maglev program, its findings, and the four maglev design concepts resulting from the System Concept Definition study are reviewed. Technical requirements for the SCD contractors and for the Prototype Development Program are compared. Some legislative background information is given, with a review of the most important maglev legislation. Plans for the National Maglev Prototype Development Program are discussed, and activities related to maglev at Argonne National Laboratory are summarized.

Visualizing and Writing Video Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Floyd, Steve

1979-01-01

Reviews 10 steps which serve as guidelines to simplify the creative process of producing a video training program: (1) audience analysis, (2) task analysis, (3) definition of objective, (4) conceptualization, (5) visualization, (6) storyboard, (7) video storyboard, (8) evaluation, (9) revision, and (10) production. (LRA)

7 CFR 3403.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and any small business concern for the performance of experimental, developmental, or research work... in determining power to control its management. Outcomes are the measure of long-term, eventual, program impact. Outputs are the measures of near-term program impact. Peer review group means experts or...

Peer Mentoring in Post-Secondary Education: Implications for Research and Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Budge, Stephanie

2006-01-01

Research on mentoring in higher education is increasingly widespread. This article aims to provide insight into different kinds of mentoring programs and the research conducted to determine the effectiveness of these programs. A review of the literature revealed multiple definitions of what mentoring means, how programs operate, and types of…

Defining interdisciplinary research: conclusions from a critical review of the literature.

PubMed

Aboelela, Sally W; Larson, Elaine; Bakken, Suzanne; Carrasquillo, Olveen; Formicola, Allan; Glied, Sherry A; Haas, Janet; Gebbie, Kristine M

2007-02-01

To summarize findings from a systematic exploration of existing literature and views regarding interdisciplinarity, to discuss themes and components of such work, and to propose a theoretically based definition of interdisciplinary research. Two major data sources were used: interviews with researchers from various disciplines, and a systematic review of the education, business, and health care literature from January 1980 through January 2005. Systematic review of literature, one-on-one interviews, field test (survey). We reviewed 14 definitions of interdisciplinarity, the characteristics of 42 interdisciplinary research publications from multiple fields of study, and 14 researcher interviews to arrive at a preliminary definition of interdisciplinary research. That definition was then field tested by 12 individuals with interdisciplinary research experience, and their responses incorporated into the definition of interdisciplinary research proposed in this paper. Three key definitional characteristics were identified: the qualitative mode of research (and its theoretical underpinnings), existence of a continuum of synthesis among disciplines, and the desired outcome of the interdisciplinary research. Existing literature from several fields did not provide a definition for interdisciplinary research of sufficient specificity to facilitate activities such as identification of the competencies, structure, and resources needed for health care and health policy research. This analysis led to the proposed definition, which is designed to aid decision makers in funding agencies/program committees and researchers to identify and take full advantage the interdisciplinary approach, and to serve as a basis for competency-based formalized training to provide researchers with interdisciplinary skills.

Space Focus Lead Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reeves, Geoffrey D.

The Space Focus team is tasked with the definition of the Space Focused Science Topics, and with the review and ranking of the CSES proposals received in all the program areas. This is achieved by dedicated meetings or a series of informal discussions and/or e-mail reviews.

42 CFR 8.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID... body that has been approved by SAMHSA under § 8.3 to accredit opioid treatment programs using opioid... SAMHSA. Accreditation survey means an onsite review and evaluation of an opioid treatment program by an...

42 CFR 8.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID... body that has been approved by SAMHSA under § 8.3 to accredit opioid treatment programs using opioid... SAMHSA. Accreditation survey means an onsite review and evaluation of an opioid treatment program by an...

42 CFR 8.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID... body that has been approved by SAMHSA under § 8.3 to accredit opioid treatment programs using opioid... SAMHSA. Accreditation survey means an onsite review and evaluation of an opioid treatment program by an...

42 CFR 8.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PROVISIONS CERTIFICATION OF OPIOID... body that has been approved by SAMHSA under § 8.3 to accredit opioid treatment programs using opioid... SAMHSA. Accreditation survey means an onsite review and evaluation of an opioid treatment program by an...

Family Resilience in the Military

PubMed Central

Meadows, Sarah O.; Beckett, Megan K.; Bowling, Kirby; Golinelli, Daniela; Fisher, Michael P.; Martin, Laurie T.; Meredith, Lisa S.; Osilla, Karen Chan

2016-01-01

Abstract Military life presents a variety of challenges to military families, including frequent separations and relocations as well as the risks that service members face during deployment; however, many families successfully navigate these challenges. Despite a recent emphasis on family resilience, the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) does not have a standard and universally accepted definition of family resilience. A standard definition is a necessary for DoD to more effectively assess its efforts to sustain and improve family resilience. RAND authors reviewed the literature on family resilience and, in this study, recommend a definition that could be used DoD-wide. The authors also reviewed DoD policies related to family resilience, reviewed models that describe family resilience and identified key family resilience factors, and developed several recommendations for how family-resilience programs and policies could be managed across DoD. PMID:28083409

Statistical Sampling Handbook for Student Aid Programs: A Reference for Non-Statisticians. Winter 1984.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Student Financial Assistance (ED), Washington, DC.

A manual on sampling is presented to assist audit and program reviewers, project officers, managers, and program specialists of the U.S. Office of Student Financial Assistance (OSFA). For each of the following types of samples, definitions and examples are provided, along with information on advantages and disadvantages: simple random sampling,…

An Annotated Bibliography of Current Literature Dealing with the Effective Teaching of Computer Programming in High Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Karen A.

This review of the literature and annotated bibliography summarizes the available research relating to teaching programming to high school students. It is noted that, while the process of programming a computer could be broken down into five steps--problem definition, algorithm design, code writing, debugging, and documentation--current research…

Coordinated Home Care Training Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Home Care Training Center.

This manual is intended as a source of information and assistance in the planning, organization, implementation, and evaluation of home care programs. There are ten major sections: (1) Introduction (review of the history of home care and definition of pertinent terms), (2) Program Planning, (3) Organizational Structure, (4) Coordination and…

Nutrition. Learning Activity Package.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Carolyn

This learning activity package on nutrition is one of a series of 12 titles developed for use in health occupations education programs. Materials in the package include objectives, a list of materials needed, a list of definitions, information sheets, reviews (self evaluations) of portions of the content, and answers to reviews. These topics are…

Oral Hygiene. Learning Activity Package.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hime, Kirsten

This learning activity package on oral hygiene is one of a series of 12 titles developed for use in health occupations education programs. Materials in the package include objectives, a list of materials needed, a list of definitions, information sheets, reviews (self evaluations) of portions of the content, and answers to reviews. These topics…

45 CFR 201.15 - Deferral of claims for Federal financial participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... SERVICES GRANTS TO STATES FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Review and Audits § 201.15 Deferral of claims for... (AABD), of the Social Security Act. (b) Definitions. (1) Deferral Action means the process of suspending... audit exception or financial management review. If a subsequent disallowance should occur, the State...

45 CFR 201.15 - Deferral of claims for Federal financial participation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SERVICES GRANTS TO STATES FOR PUBLIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Review and Audits § 201.15 Deferral of claims for... (AABD), of the Social Security Act. (b) Definitions. (1) Deferral Action means the process of suspending... audit exception or financial management review. If a subsequent disallowance should occur, the State...

An empirical literature review of definitions of severe and persistent mental illness.

PubMed

Schinnar, A P; Rothbard, A B; Kanter, R; Jung, Y S

1990-12-01

Seventeen definitions of the severely and persistently mentally ill have appeared in the literature over the past decade. These definitions have been used by 13 authors to formulate service programs and to estimate the prevalence of serious mental illness in the population. To test the applicability of these definitions, the authors operationalized each definition and applied it to a representative sample of 222 patients receiving services in one of Philadelphia's inner-city neighborhoods. The analysis showed estimates of prevalence of serious mental illness ranging from 4% to 88% of the treated population, depending on the definition applied. The NIMH (1987) definition was representative of the middle-range estimates of 45% to 55% arrived at by eight authors.

Just Another Gibbs Sampler (JAGS): Flexible Software for MCMC Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Depaoli, Sarah; Clifton, James P.; Cobb, Patrice R.

2016-01-01

A review of the software Just Another Gibbs Sampler (JAGS) is provided. We cover aspects related to history and development and the elements a user needs to know to get started with the program, including (a) definition of the data, (b) definition of the model, (c) compilation of the model, and (d) initialization of the model. An example using a…

Geothermal Resource Verification for Air Force Bases,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

phase of reservoir - ... geothermal techniques will begin to focus on the deeer, iso ’i fined reservoirs that will have little or no definitive surfa...1976. ;L-ison, D. L., PROGRAM REVIEW, GEOTHERMAL EXPLORATION AND ASSESSMENT TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM, U. S. Department of Energy, DOE/ET/ 27002 -6, December 1979

Defining Interdisciplinary Research: Conclusions from a Critical Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Aboelela, Sally W; Larson, Elaine; Bakken, Suzanne; Carrasquillo, Olveen; Formicola, Allan; Glied, Sherry A; Haas, Janet; Gebbie, Kristine M

2007-01-01

Objective To summarize findings from a systematic exploration of existing literature and views regarding interdisciplinarity, to discuss themes and components of such work, and to propose a theoretically based definition of interdisciplinary research. Data Sources/Study Setting Two major data sources were used: interviews with researchers from various disciplines, and a systematic review of the education, business, and health care literature from January 1980 through January 2005. Study Design Systematic review of literature, one-on-one interviews, field test (survey). Data Collection/Extraction Methods We reviewed 14 definitions of interdisciplinarity, the characteristics of 42 interdisciplinary research publications from multiple fields of study, and 14 researcher interviews to arrive at a preliminary definition of interdisciplinary research. That definition was then field tested by 12 individuals with interdisciplinary research experience, and their responses incorporated into the definition of interdisciplinary research proposed in this paper. Principal Findings Three key definitional characteristics were identified: the qualitative mode of research (and its theoretical underpinnings), existence of a continuum of synthesis among disciplines, and the desired outcome of the interdisciplinary research. Conclusion Existing literature from several fields did not provide a definition for interdisciplinary research of sufficient specificity to facilitate activities such as identification of the competencies, structure, and resources needed for health care and health policy research. This analysis led to the proposed definition, which is designed to aid decision makers in funding agencies/program committees and researchers to identify and take full advantage the interdisciplinary approach, and to serve as a basis for competency-based formalized training to provide researchers with interdisciplinary skills. PMID:17355595

75 FR 19467 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Revisions to the New Source Review (NSR...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-14

...EPA is taking final action to disapprove revisions to the SIP submitted by the State of Texas that relate to the Modification of Existing Qualified Facilities (the Qualified Facilities Program or the Program). EPA is disapproving the Texas Qualified Facilities Program because it does not meet the Minor NSR SIP requirements nor does it meet the NSR SIP requirements for a substitute Major NSR SIP revision. EPA is also approving three definitions that are severable from the Qualified Facilities submittals. These three definitions we are approving are, ``grandfathered facility,'' ``maximum allowable emission rate table (MAERT),'' and ``new facility.'' Moreover, we are making an administrative correction to the SIP-approved definition of ``facility.'' We are taking this action under section 110, part C, and part D of the Federal Clean Air Act (the Act or CAA).

ROMPS critical design review. Volume 3: Furnace module design documentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dobbs, M. E.

1992-01-01

As part of the furnace module design documentation, the furnace module Easylab programs definitions and command variables are described. Also included are Easylab commands flow charts and fault conditions.

The Surgical Scrub. Learning Activity Package.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Runge, Lillian

This learning activity package on the surgical scrub is one of a series of 12 titles developed for use in health occupations education programs. Materials in the package include objectives, a list of materials needed, a list of definitions, information sheets, reviews (self evaluations) of portions of the content, and answers to reviews. These…

25 CFR 23.33 - Competitive off-reservation application contents and application selection criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

....34 and forward the application within five working days to the area review committee, composed of... grant program from the organization's board of directors covering the duration of the proposed program... organization meets the definition of Indian organization at § 23.2; (4) A copy of the organization's current...

25 CFR 23.33 - Competitive off-reservation application contents and application selection criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

....34 and forward the application within five working days to the area review committee, composed of... grant program from the organization's board of directors covering the duration of the proposed program... organization meets the definition of Indian organization at § 23.2; (4) A copy of the organization's current...

Space industrialization. Volume 3: Space industrialization implementation concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Methods for selecting the most viable program options were examined along with techniques for hardware development. Several separate program options were defined, and future plans for space exploitation were reviewed. Hardware elements in various sectors of space are discussed in detail to provide a definition for the major functional elements and operations.

The management approach to the NASA space station definition studies at the Manned Spacecraft Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Heberlig, J. C.

1972-01-01

The overall management approach to the NASA Phase B definition studies for space stations, which were initiated in September 1969 and completed in July 1972, is reviewed with particular emphasis placed on the management approach used by the Manned Spacecraft Center. The internal working organizations of the Manned Spacecraft Center and its prime contractor, North American Rockwell, are delineated along with the interfacing techniques used for the joint Government and industry study. Working interfaces with other NASA centers, industry, and Government agencies are briefly highlighted. The controlling documentation for the study (such as guidelines and constraints, bibliography, and key personnel) is reviewed. The historical background and content of the experiment program prepared for use in this Phase B study are outlined and management concepts that may be considered for future programs are proposed.

Satellite Power System (SPS) concept definition study (exhibit C)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The SPS program plan is outlined. An overall review of the component systems which comprise the SPS is presented. The report is presented in the form of charts, graphs, data tables, and engineering drawings.

Overview of four prescription monitoring/review programs in Canada.

PubMed

Furlan, Andrea D; MacDougall, Peter; Pellerin, Denise; Shaw, Karen; Spitzig, Doug; Wilson, Galt; Wright, Janet

2014-01-01

Prescription monitoring or review programs collect information about prescription and dispensing of controlled substances for the purposes of monitoring, analysis and education. In Canada, it is the responsibility of the provincial institutions to organize, maintain and run such programs. To describe the characteristics of four provincial programs that have been in place for >6 years. The managers of the prescription monitoring⁄review programs of four provinces (British Columbia, Alberta, Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia) were invited to present at a symposium at the Canadian Pain Society in May 2012. In preparation for the symposium, one author collected and summarized the information. Three provinces have a mix of review and monitoring programs; the program in British Columbia is purely for review and education. All programs include controlled substances (narcotics, barbiturates and psychostimulants); however, other substances are differentially included among the programs: anabolic steroids are included in Saskatchewan and Nova Scotia; and cannabinoids are included in British Columbia and Nova Scotia. Access to the database is available to pharmacists in all provinces. Physicians need consent from patients in British Columbia, and only professionals registered with the program can access the database in Alberta. The definition of inappropriate prescribing and dispensing is not uniform. Double doctoring, double pharmacy and high-volume dispensing are considered to be red flags in all programs. There is variability among Canadian provinces in managing prescription monitoring⁄review programs.

Process Engineering with the Evolutionary Spiral Process Model. Version 01.00.06

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

program . Process Definition and SPC-92041-CMC Provides methods for defining and Modeling Guidebook documenting processes so they can be analyzed, modified...and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT) support the activity of developing a project schedule. A variety of automated tools, such as...keep the organiza- tion from becoming disoriented during the improvement program (Curtis, Kellner, and Over 1992). Analyzing and documenting how

Space Station Mission Planning System (MPS) development study. Volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klus, W. J.

1987-01-01

The process and existing software used for Spacelab payload mission planning were studied. A complete baseline definition of the Spacelab payload mission planning process was established, along with a definition of existing software capabilities for potential extrapolation to the Space Station. This information was used as a basis for defining system requirements to support Space Station mission planning. The Space Station mission planning concept was reviewed for the purpose of identifying areas where artificial intelligence concepts might offer substantially improved capability. Three specific artificial intelligence concepts were to be investigated for applicability: natural language interfaces; expert systems; and automatic programming. The advantages and disadvantages of interfacing an artificial intelligence language with existing FORTRAN programs or of converting totally to a new programming language were identified.

40 CFR 154.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS SPECIAL REVIEW... a pesticide product which is registered, or for which an application for registration is pending... conditions of registration means the terms and conditions governing lawful sale, distribution, and use...

POLARIS: Helping Managers Get Answers Fast!

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Corcoran, Patricia M.; Webster, Jeffery

2007-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the Project Online Library and Resource Information System (POLARIS) system. It is NASA-wide, web-based system, providing access to information related to Program and Project Management. It will provide a one-stop shop for access to: a searchable, sortable database of all requirements for all product lines, project life cycle diagrams with reviews, project life cycle diagrams with reviews, project review definitions with products review information from NPR 7123.1, NASA Systems Engineering Processes and Requirements, templates and examples of products, project standard WBSs with dictionaries, and requirements for implementation and approval, information from NASA s Metadata Manager (MdM): Attributes of Missions, Themes, Programs & Projects, NPR7120.5 waiver form and instructions and much more. The presentation reviews the plans and timelines for future revisions and modifications.

Critical thinking in nursing: an integrated review.

PubMed

Brunt, Barbara A

2005-01-01

Critical thinking skills are essential to function in today's complex health care environment and to ensure continuing competence for the future. This article provides a review of various definitions and research studies related to critical thinking. Educators and researchers need to clearly define critical thinking, because there has been wide variation in definitions and descriptions of critical thinking. Research studies have shown inconsistent findings, and many have used a one-group pretest-posttest design over a single course or during the length of a nursing program. Studies have not shown an association between critical thinking and competence; rigorous research studies are needed to understand the process of critical thinking.

The Consistencies and Vagaries of the Washington State Inventory of Evidence-Based Practice: The Definition of "Evidence-Based" in a Policy Context.

PubMed

Walker, Sarah Cusworth; Lyon, Aaron R; Aos, Steve; Trupin, Eric W

2017-01-01

As states increasingly establish the importance of evidence-based practice through policy and funding mandates, the definition of evidence-based practice can have a significant impact on investment decisions. Not meeting established criteria can mean a loss of funding for established programs and the implementation disruption of programs without a strong research base. Whether the definition of "evidence-based" is influenced by these high stakes contexts is an interesting question that can inform the larger field about the value and utility of evidence-based practice lists/inventories for disseminating knowledge. In this paper we review the development of the Washington State Inventory of Evidence-Based, Research-Based and Promising Practices as a case study for the process of defining evidence-based practice in a policy context. As part of this study we also present a comparison of other well-known evidence-based practice inventories and examine consistencies and differences in the process of identifying and developing program ratings.

45 CFR 100.2 - What definitions apply to these regulations?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... “Intergovernmental Review of Federal Programs.” Secretary means the Secretary of HHS or an official or employee of the Department acting for the Secretary under a delegation of authority. State means any of the 50...

Violence in Adolescent Dating Relationships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jouriles, Ernest N.; Platt, Cora; McDonald, Renee

2009-01-01

Beginning with a definition of dating and dating violence among adolescents, this article explores the factors which impact such violence. It concludes with a review of two school-based prevention/intervention programs (Safe Dates and The Youth Relationships Project). (Contains 1 table.)

American Indian Substance Abuse Prevention Efforts: A Review of Programs, 2003-2013.

PubMed

Walsh, Margaret L; Baldwin, Julie A

2015-01-01

The purpose of the review was to assess substance abuse prevention (SAP) efforts in American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) communities from 2003-2013. In the past, many SAP programs were unable to meet the unique cultural needs of AI/AN communities adequately. It has been suggested that a disconnect may exist between the theories that are used to guide development of prevention programs in AI/AN communities and culturally appropriate theoretical constructs of AI/AN worldviews. To explore this possible disconnect further, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines were used to assess a total of 18 articles (N = 31 programs) on program location and method, participant characteristics, described program cultural elements, use of theory, program outcomes, program measures, and future recommendations. Results indicated that SAP programs in AI/AN communities vary widely in their use of theory, implementation strategies, view and definition of cultural constructs, overall evaluational rigor, and reporting methods. Future research is needed to integrate appropriate theory and cultural elements into SAP programs to tie them to measurable outcomes for AI/AN communities.

A Perspective for Developing Strategies for Utilizing New Communication Technologies in Public Relations Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ledingham, John A.; Masel-Walters, Lynne

Based on a definition of public relations that recognizes the field as a purposeful management function, this paper provides a perspective on public relations to help practitioners develop strategies for the use of new media forms in public relations programs. The paper begins with a historical review of mass media effects research and proceeds…

Legal aspects of impairment and disability in pneumoconiosis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Richman, S.I.; Smith, C.J. Jr.

1993-01-01

This chapter analyzes and explains the meanings, under the federal Black Lung program, of the terms impairment, disability, and pneumoconiosis. To accomplish this objective, this chapter reviews the regulations and administrative and judicial decisions made under the Black Lung Act, and for comparison, it refers to definitions given to, or applications made of, those terms in other jurisdictions and programs. 168 refs.

75 FR 27808 - Section 8 Housing Choice Voucher Program-Demonstration Project of Small Area Fair Market Rents in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-18

... voucher programs, but it is unclear what the net effect will be. For example, small area FMRs are likely... standards for definition of CBSAs are based on a review of journey-to-work data, or commuting patterns, as... adequate technical assistance to the participating PHAs and monitor the effects and effectiveness of the...

General Education! Not Again?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marsee, Stuart

After reviewing definitions of general education and statements regarding its importance found in the literature, this paper presents observations to be considered in updating or developing general education programs. It is observed that many disciplines have developed excessive departmentalization; that administrators tend to view general…

The nature nursing quality of work life: an integrative review of literature.

PubMed

Vagharseyyedin, Seyyed Abolfazl; Vanaki, Zohreh; Mohammadi, Eesa

2011-10-01

Studies that have examined the nursing quality of work life (QWL) have not been systematically reviewed in the recent years. Thus, the current study was aimed to identify the predictors of the nurses' QWL and determine the definitions of QWL for nurses. The authors used an integrative review of the literature and identified six themes as the major predictors of the nurses' QWL: leadership and management style/decision-making latitude, shift working, salary and fringe benefits, relationship with colleagues, demographic characteristics, and workload/job strain. Although different researchers had varied perspectives on the QWL in nursing, most viewed QWL as a subjective phenomenon that is influenced by personal feeling and perceptions. A closer review of definitions of QWL indicated that some authors considered QWL as an "outcome," whereas others saw it as a "process." Further research needs to be conducted to determine the relative importance of QWL predictors, and implementation programs to improve the QWL.

The DARPA High-Performance Polymer Program. Volume 1. Program Background and Highlights of the Program Review Held on 14-15 January 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-09-01

conducting polyaniline for military systems is extensive and ranges from lightning-strike protection to utilization in honeycomb structures in aircraft...Conducting polyanilines are representative of a new class of materials known as synthetic metals. This technology is still discovering new and varied...metals using polyaniline chemistry 2" High-definition liquid crystal displays 3 Polymeric piezoelectric materials 4 Drag-reducing polymers for ship

What is kangaroo mother care? Systematic review of the literature

PubMed Central

Chan, Grace J; Valsangkar, Bina; Kajeepeta, Sandhya; Boundy, Ellen O; Wall, Stephen

2016-01-01

Background Kangaroo mother care (KMC), often defined as skin–to–skin contact between a mother and her newborn, frequent or exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital has been effective in reducing the risk of mortality among preterm and low birth weight infants. Research studies and program implementation of KMC have used various definitions. Objectives To describe the current definitions of KMC in various settings, analyze the presence or absence of KMC components in each definition, and present a core definition of KMC based on common components that are present in KMC literature. Methods We conducted a systematic review and searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization Regional Databases for studies with key words “kangaroo mother care”, “kangaroo care” or “skin to skin care” from 1 January 1960 to 24 April 2014. Two independent reviewers screened articles and abstracted data. Findings We screened 1035 articles and reports; 299 contained data on KMC and neonatal outcomes or qualitative information on KMC implementation. Eighty–eight of the studies (29%) did not define KMC. Two hundred and eleven studies (71%) included skin–to–skin contact (SSC) in their KMC definition, 49 (16%) included exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, 22 (7%) included early discharge criteria, and 36 (12%) included follow–up after discharge. One hundred and sixty–seven studies (56%) described the duration of SSC. Conclusions There exists significant heterogeneity in the definition of KMC. A large number of studies did not report definitions of KMC. Skin–to–skin contact is the core component of KMC, whereas components such as breastfeeding, early discharge, and follow–up care are context specific. To implement KMC effectively development of a global standardized definition of KMC is needed. PMID:27231546

What is kangaroo mother care? Systematic review of the literature.

PubMed

Chan, Grace J; Valsangkar, Bina; Kajeepeta, Sandhya; Boundy, Ellen O; Wall, Stephen

2016-06-01

Kangaroo mother care (KMC), often defined as skin-to-skin contact between a mother and her newborn, frequent or exclusive breastfeeding, and early discharge from the hospital has been effective in reducing the risk of mortality among preterm and low birth weight infants. Research studies and program implementation of KMC have used various definitions. To describe the current definitions of KMC in various settings, analyze the presence or absence of KMC components in each definition, and present a core definition of KMC based on common components that are present in KMC literature. We conducted a systematic review and searched PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization Regional Databases for studies with key words "kangaroo mother care", "kangaroo care" or "skin to skin care" from 1 January 1960 to 24 April 2014. Two independent reviewers screened articles and abstracted data. We screened 1035 articles and reports; 299 contained data on KMC and neonatal outcomes or qualitative information on KMC implementation. Eighty-eight of the studies (29%) did not define KMC. Two hundred and eleven studies (71%) included skin-to-skin contact (SSC) in their KMC definition, 49 (16%) included exclusive or nearly exclusive breastfeeding, 22 (7%) included early discharge criteria, and 36 (12%) included follow-up after discharge. One hundred and sixty-seven studies (56%) described the duration of SSC. There exists significant heterogeneity in the definition of KMC. A large number of studies did not report definitions of KMC. Skin-to-skin contact is the core component of KMC, whereas components such as breastfeeding, early discharge, and follow-up care are context specific. To implement KMC effectively development of a global standardized definition of KMC is needed.

Economic interventions to improve population health: a scoping study of systematic reviews.

PubMed

Khan, Mishal S; Guan, Bernie Y; Audimulam, Jananie; Cervero Liceras, Francisco; Coker, Richard J; Yoong, Joanne

2016-07-07

Recognizing the close relationship between poverty and health, national program managers, policy-makers and donors are increasingly including economic interventions as part of their core strategies to improve population health. However, there is often confusion among stakeholders about the definitions and operational differences between distinct types of economic interventions and financial instruments, which can lead to important differences in interpretation and expectations. We conducted a scoping study to define and clarify concepts underlying key economic interventions - price interventions (taxes and subsidies), income transfer programs, incentive programs, livelihood support programs and health-related financial services - and map the evidence currently available from systematic reviews. We identified 195 systematic reviews on economic interventions published between 2005 and July 2015. Overall, there was an increase in the number of reviews published after 2010. The majority of reviews focused on price interventions, income transfer programs and incentive programs, with much less evidence available from systematic reviews on livelihood support programs and health-related financial services. We also identified a lack of evidence on: health outcomes in low income countries; unintended or perverse outcomes; implementation challenges; scalability and cost-effectiveness of economic interventions. We conclude that while more research is clearly needed to assess suitability and effectiveness of economic interventions in different contexts, before interventions are tested and further systematic reviews conducted, a consistent and accurate understanding of the fundamental differences in terminology and approaches is essential among researchers, public health policy makers and program planners.

Appendix A. Policy Statement and Position Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Dental Education, 1982

1982-01-01

Policy statements and position papers adopted by the American Association of Dental Schools address dental education at all levels, government relations, peer review, individual and institutional freedoms and responsibilities, national health programs, a definition of interdisciplinary education, use of ionizing radiation in dental education…

Disability Discrimination in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weber, Mark C.

2002-01-01

Reviews developments in 2000 in the law of disability discrimination as it relates to higher education, which falls into five categories: (1) definition of a qualified individual; (2) accommodations, access, undue burden, and fundamental alteration of programs; (3) intentional discrimination, harassment, and retaliation; (4) Eleventh Amendment…

7 CFR 3403.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... any Federal agency and any small business concern for the performance of experimental, developmental... a business entity in determining power to control its management. NIFA means the National Institute... the measures of near-term program impact. Peer review group means experts or consultants, qualified by...

Thinking about Thinking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gough, Deborah

1991-01-01

This document summarizes five studies that offer insight into the nature of higher-order thinking skills and the most effective methods for teaching them to students. The reviews outline the conclusions, definitions, recommendations, specific methods of teaching, instructional strategies, and programs detailed in the documents themselves.…

Key terms for the assessment of the safety of vaccines in pregnancy: Results of a global consultative process to initiate harmonization of adverse event definitions.

PubMed

Munoz, Flor M; Eckert, Linda O; Katz, Mark A; Lambach, Philipp; Ortiz, Justin R; Bauwens, Jorgen; Bonhoeffer, Jan

2015-11-25

The variability of terms and definitions of Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) represents a missed opportunity for optimal monitoring of safety of immunization in pregnancy. In 2014, the Brighton Collaboration Foundation and the World Health Organization (WHO) collaborated to address this gap. Two Brighton Collaboration interdisciplinary taskforces were formed. A landscape analysis included: (1) a systematic literature review of adverse event definitions used in vaccine studies during pregnancy; (2) a worldwide stakeholder survey of available terms and definitions; (3) and a series of taskforce meetings. Based on available evidence, taskforces proposed key terms and concept definitions to be refined, prioritized, and endorsed by a global expert consultation convened by WHO in Geneva, Switzerland in July 2014. Using pre-specified criteria, 45 maternal and 62 fetal/neonatal events were prioritized, and key terms and concept definitions were endorsed. In addition recommendations to further improve safety monitoring of immunization in pregnancy programs were specified. This includes elaboration of disease concepts into standardized case definitions with sufficient applicability and positive predictive value to be of use for monitoring the safety of immunization in pregnancy globally, as well as the development of guidance, tools, and datasets in support of a globally concerted approach. There is a need to improve the safety monitoring of immunization in pregnancy programs. A consensus list of terms and concept definitions of key events for monitoring immunization in pregnancy is available. Immediate actions to further strengthen monitoring of immunization in pregnancy programs are identified and recommended. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Developing a new national approach to surveillance for ventilator-associated events: executive summary.

PubMed

Magill, Shelley S; Klompas, Michael; Balk, Robert; Burns, Suzanne M; Deutschman, Clifford S; Diekema, Daniel; Fridkin, Scott; Greene, Linda; Guh, Alice; Gutterman, David; Hammer, Beth; Henderson, David; Hess, Dean R; Hill, Nicholas S; Horan, Teresa; Kollef, Marin; Levy, Mitchell; Septimus, Edward; VanAntwerpen, Carole; Wright, Don; Lipsett, Pamela

2013-11-01

In September 2011, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) convened a Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) Surveillance Definition Working Group to organize a formal process for leaders and experts of key stakeholder organizations to discuss the challenges of VAP surveillance definitions and to propose new approaches to VAP surveillance in adult patients (Table 1). The charges to the Working Group were to (1) critically review a draft, streamlined VAP surveillance definition developed for use in adult patients; (2) suggest modifications to enhance the reliability and credibility of the surveillance definition within the critical care and infection prevention communities; and (3) propose a final adult surveillance definition algorithm to be implemented in the CDC's National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN), taking into consideration the potential future use of the definition algorithm in public reporting, interfacility comparisons, and pay-for-reporting and pay-for-performance programs. Published by Mosby, Inc.

Child Health Partnerships: a review of program characteristics, outcomes and their relationship.

PubMed

Jayaratne, Kapila; Kelaher, Margaret; Dunt, David

2010-06-17

Novel approaches are increasingly employed to address the social determinants of health of children world-wide. Such approaches have included complex social programs involving multiple stakeholders from different sectors jointly working together (hereafter Child Health Partnerships). Previous reviews have questioned whether these programs have led to significant improvements in child health and related outcomes. We aim to provide definitive answers to this question as well as identifying the characteristics of successful partnerships. A comprehensive literature search identified 11 major Child Health Partnerships in four comparable developed countries. A critical review is focused on various aspects of these including their target groups, program mechanics and outcomes. There was evidence of success in several major areas from the formation of effective joint operations of partners in different partnership models to improvement in both child wellbeing and parenting. There is emerging evidence that Child Health Partnerships are cost-effective. Population characteristics and local contexts need to be taken into account in the introduction and implementation of these programs.

Controls, Displays, and Information Transfer for General Aviation IFR Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergeron, H. P. (Editor); Shaughnessy, J. D. (Editor)

1983-01-01

The purpose of the workshop was to review and evaluate the work performed under the NASA Single Pilot IFR (SPIFR) program, to highlight and disseminate major research findings, and to provide a forum for industry, universities, and government to interact and discuss the future thrust of research in the SPIFR program. The presentations selected represent key elements of the SPIFR program. These elements are classified into five disciplinary areas: program definition, controls, displays, information transfer, and research simulation facilities. Emphasis is also placed on aircraft accident investigation.

Marketing II Workbook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeves, Cheryl

This combination curriculum and workbook, which was originally developed for use in a training workshop, is intended to assist adult educators in learning to market their adult literacy programs. The first chapter reviews basic marketing concepts (the definition of marketing, 10 truths about marketing, marketing versus promotion, steps in…

Adventure Programming and Spirituality: Integration Models, Methods, and Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson-Hanley, Cay

1997-01-01

Reviews the literature on the relationship of adventure education and experiential learning to spiritual experiences and development. Discusses definitions of spirituality, religion, and related terms; two frameworks for integration of psychology and spirituality and their application to experiential education; specific strategies for integrating…

DOD Contractor Collaborations: Proposed Procedures for Integrating Antitrust Law, Procurement Law, and Purchasing Decisions

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-04-01

conducted at the initial stages of program definition. DoD 5000.2-R, supra note 2, at para. 2.3.1. For "commercial activities" conversion studies , market...by the post- facto nature of the Competition Advocacy program. This program generally requires setting of competition goals, measurement of goal...expanded coverage of the False Claims Act and expost review of prices.344 Contracting officers can inject a degree of prospective management oversight of

Identifying indigenous peoples for health research in a global context: a review of perspectives and challenges.

PubMed

Bartlett, Judith G; Madariaga-Vignudo, Lucia; O'Neil, John D; Kuhnlein, Harriet V

2007-09-01

Identifying Indigenous Peoples globally is complex and contested despite there being an estimated 370 million living in 70 countries. The specific context and use of locally relevant and clear definitions or characterizations of Indigenous Peoples is important for recognizing unique health risks Indigenous Peoples face, for understanding local Indigenous health aspirations and for reflecting on the need for culturally disaggregated data to plan meaningful research and health improvement programs. This paper explores perspectives on defining Indigenous Peoples and reflects on challenges in identifying Indigenous Peoples. Literature reviews and Internet searches were conducted, and some key experts were consulted. Pragmatic and political definitions by international institutions, including the United Nations, are presented as well as characterizations of Indigenous Peoples by governments and academic researchers. Assertions that Indigenous Peoples have about definitions of indigeneity are often related to maintenance of cultural integrity and sustainability of lifestyles. Described here are existing definitions and interests served by defining (or leaving undefined) such definitions, why there is no unified definition and implications of "too restrictive" a definition. Selected indigenous identities and dynamics are presented for North America, the Arctic, Australia and New Zealand, Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia and Africa. While health researchers need to understand the Indigenous Peoples with whom they work, ultimately, indigenous groups themselves best define how they wish to be viewed and identified for research purposes.

The Frequency of Creativity Components on Two Children's Television Programs, and Studies of the Ability of Seventeen Three-Year-Olds to Exhibit These Same Creativity Components.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dillon, Mae

This paper reviews research on creativity, children's television-viewing habits, and television's effects on children; rates two children's programs for creativity content; and describes the results of creativity tasks presented to 3-year-olds. In Section I, various definitions of creativity (as related to person, process, product and environment)…

Assessment of state measures of risk-appropriate care for very low birth weight infants and recommendations for enhancing regionalized state systems.

PubMed

Nowakowski, Lindsey; Barfield, Wanda D; Kroelinger, Charlan D; Lauver, Cassie B; Lawler, Michele H; White, Vanessa A; Ramos, Lauren Raskin

2012-01-01

The goal of this study was to examine state measurements and improvements in risk-appropriate care for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants. The authors reviewed state perinatal regionalization models and levels of care to compare varying definitions between states and assess mechanisms of measurement and areas for improvement. Seven states that presented at a 2009 Association of Maternal & Child Health Programs Perinatal Regionalization Meeting were included in the assessment. Information was gathered from meeting presentations, presenters, state representatives, and state websites. Comparison of state levels of care and forms of regulation were outlined. Review of state models revealed variability in the models themselves, as well as the various mechanisms for measuring and improving risk-appropriate care. Regulation of regionalization programs, data surveillance, review of adverse events, and consideration of geography and demographics were identified as mechanisms facilitating better measurement of risk-appropriate care. Antenatal or neonatal transfer arrangements, telemedicine networks, acquisition of funding, provision of financial incentives, and patient education comprised state actions for improving risk-appropriate care. The void of explicit and updated national standards led to the current variations in definitions and models among states. State regionalization models and measures of risk-appropriate care varied greatly. These variations arose from inconsistent definitions and models of perinatal regionalization. Guidelines should be collaboratively developed by healthcare providers and public health officials for consistent and suitable measures of perinatal risk-appropriate care.

An institutional review board-based clinical research quality assurance program.

PubMed

Lad, Pramod M; Dahl, Rebecca

2013-01-01

Despite the acknowledged importance of quality assurance in the clinical research process, the problem of how such a program should be implemented at the level of an academic teaching hospital or a similar institution has not been addressed in the literature. Despite the fact that quality assurance is expected in programs which certify and accredit Institutional Review Boards (IRBs), very little is known about the role of the IRB in programs of clinical research quality assurance. In this article we consider the definition of clinical research quality assurance, and describe a program designed to achieve it. The key elements of such a program are education at the site level, which has both mandatory and voluntary components, and an auditing and monitoring program, which reinforces the education on quality assurance. The role of the IRB in achieving the program goals and the organizational placement of the quality assurance program within the IRB structure and function are important items of discussion.

Position Papers of the American Association of Dental Schools[.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journal of Dental Education, 1986

1986-01-01

Position papers of the American Association of Dental Schools are presented concerning peer review in dentistry, individual and institutional freedoms and responsibilities, national health programs, the definition of interdisciplinary education, use of ionizing radiation in dental schools, and due process in student evaluation disputes. (MSE)

Conflating Gender and Identity: The Need for Gender-Fluid Programming in Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zamani-Gallaher, Eboni M.

2017-01-01

This chapter explores the role of gender as a critical aspect of identity formation. The chapter reviews how narrow definitions of gender deeply shape campus climate, particularly for individuals who challenge norms in terms of gender identity, gender expression, and gender roles.

7 CFR 62.205 - Conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Conflict of interest. 62.205 Section 62.205 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards... Definitions Service § 62.205 Conflict of interest. No USDA official shall review any program documentation or...

[Academic stress, desertion, and retention strategies for students in higher education].

PubMed

Suárez-Montes, Nancy; Díaz-Subieta, Luz B

2015-04-01

A systematic review was performed to specify the characteristics of academic stress that affect the mental health of the university population. To do this, recent publications regarding academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies were examined. Throughout this text, we present the results of the review in terms of the definitions of academic stress, student desertion, and retention strategies. In the same way, we examine the interpretative models with regard to student desertion and approach retention strategies in higher education. We also review retention experiences of several other countries. In terms of Colombia, we present aspects related to student desertion and retention programs from the point of view of the National Ministry of Education and from the experience of some universities with consolidated programs.

Mentoring new nurse practitioners to accelerate their development as primary care providers: a literature review.

PubMed

Harrington, Susan

2011-04-01

To provide a review of the literature regarding programs for mentoring new nurse practitioners (NPs) to accelerate their development as primary care providers. A search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid, CINAHL, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. There is currently a critical shortage of primary care providers and an aging population requiring management of chronic medical conditions. Although NPs are trained in health promotion, disease prevention, and medical management and are well equipped to treat patients in primary care, the work can be overwhelming to the novice NP. A mentoring program could help the new NP further develop competencies and capabilities as a provider. However, there is a gap in the literature concerning any mentoring programs for novice NPs. Nonetheless, the literature review has provided a mentoring definition, program models, desired characteristics of nurse mentors, and barriers to mentoring programs. It has also described the benefits, goals and outcomes of a mentoring relationship. These insights from the literature provide a foundation for future mentoring program development. A mentoring program for new NPs working in primary care could accelerate productivity, increase job satisfaction, and provide longevity in the primary care setting. ©2011 The Author(s) Journal compilation ©2011 American Academy of Nurse Practitioners.

The Army Family Research Program. Annual Work Plan Number 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-08-01

spouses’ career aspirations, needs, or identities. This requires conceptualization of work and career " success " or "failure," and analyses of factors...first task in the spouse underenployment and enployment/ career success study will be to conduct a brief review of the relevant literature to obtain a...aimed at the definition and measurement of various forms of underemployment and career success . Review Extant Data Sets for Secondary Analyses. Several

Biofuels glossary

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Milne, T.A.

1986-09-01

This glossary is a compendium of terms frequently encountered by those interested or involved in the use of biomass for energy purposes. As this is a newly developing technology crossing many disciplines, there is a special need for definitions, including the definition of biomass itself. The initial basis of the present glossary was a collection of terms prepared for the Bioenergy Program of the National Research Council of Canada. To this list were added many terms from existing published glossaries and lists of definitions in published government reports. This preliminary collection of terms was submitted to a number of reviewersmore » for initial screening and assessment. The reviewers' and the Solar Energy Research Institute's consensus was that many extant definitions needed to be reformulated or were actually technically incorrect. Furthermore, it became apparent that many different opinions exist as to the proper thrust of definitions. 32 refs.« less

How Do States Define Alternative Education? REL 2014-038

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Porowski, Allan; O'Conner, Rosemarie; Luo, Jia Lisa

2014-01-01

This study provides an overview of similarities and differences in how states and state education agencies define alternative education, as well as which states have alternative education standards and what those standards entail. The study reviewed information on alternative education definitions and programs from state and federal websites and…

The Role of the Academic Medical Center in the PSRO Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jessee, William F.; Goran, Michael J.

1976-01-01

The author contends that the professional standards review organization (PSRO), a national effort to assure high quality medical care, offers a challenge and an opportunity to the academic medical center. He discusses potential impact on role definition, criteria development, continuing medical education, curriculum evaluation, and attitudinal and…

78 FR 78386 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request: Definition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-26

... Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) sponsored information collection request (ICR) revision... NRTL Program. The Occupational Safety and Health Act authorizes the information collection provisions... Desk Officer for DOL- OSHA, Office of Management and Budget, Room 10235, 725 17th Street NW...

77 FR 5228 - Summer Food Service Program; 2012 Reimbursement Rates

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-02

... of rates to highlight simplified cost accounting procedures. The 2012 rates are also presented... review by the Office of Management and Budget under Executive Order 12866. Definitions The terms used in... reimbursement rates are presented as a combined set of rates to highlight simplified cost accounting procedures...

78 FR 42078 - Agency Forms Undergoing Paperwork Reduction Act Review

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-15

..., data definitions, or reporting instructions. Changes within this information collection request (ICR... salaries of personnel conducting data collection and analysis since the last ICR approval. DTBE is the lead... Indicators Project (NTIP), a secure web-based system for program evaluation data, in 2010. No other federal...

75 FR 10949 - Energy Conservation Program for Certain Commercial and Industrial Equipment: Test Procedure for...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-09

... definitions for key terms. DATES: These test procedures are effective on April 8, 2010. The incorporation by... as of April 8, 2010. ADDRESSES: You may review copies of all materials related to this rulemaking at... supply characteristics, operational test temperatures, instrumentation requirements, setup connections...

Space Station Freedom - Status of the U.S. segment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bartoe, John David F.

1990-01-01

An overview of the Space Station Freedom program is given. The results of a technical audit of the U.S. program, and the reorganization taking place at NASA HQ are discussed. Some areas resolved in the past year such as the type of power to be delivered to each pressurized module and the definition of common payload interfaces within all modules are reviewed. The utility of the Space Station Freedom is emphasized.

Mutual benefits in academic-service partnership: An integrative review.

PubMed

Sadeghnezhad, Maliheh; Heshmati Nabavi, Fatemeh; Najafi, Fereshteh; Kareshki, Hossein; Esmaily, Habibollah

2018-05-30

Academic and service institutions involve with many challenges. Partnership programs are a golden opportunity to achieve mutual benefits to overcome these challenges. Identifying mutual benefits is the cornerstone of forming a successful partnership and guarantee to its continuity. There are definitions and instances of mutual benefits in the literature related to partnership programs, but there is no coherent evidence and clear picture of these benefits. This study is conducted to identify mutual benefits in academic-service partnership by analyzing the definitions and instances of it in the literature. An integrative review of key papers regarding mutual benefits in academic-service partnership was undertaken. This review was guided by the framework described by Whittemore and Knafl. Search of the following databases was conducted: MEDLINE, ERIC, Google Scholar, Emerald Insight and Science Direct. The search terms were mutual benefits, mutual gains, mutual interest, mutual expectations, mutual goals, mutual demand, partnership, collaboration, academic-service partnership and academic service collaboration. Cooper's five-stage integrative review method was used. Quality evaluation of articles was conducted. Data were abstracted from included articles. The analysis was conducted based on the qualitative content analysis of the literature suggested by Zhang and Wildemuth. 28 articles were included in this review. Mutual benefits are described in four categories include: synergy in training and empowerment of human resources, education improvement, access to shared resources, facilitate production and application of beneficial knowledge into practice. Mutual benefits in the academic-service partnership include a range of goals, interests, expectations, and needs of partner organizations that is achievable and measurable through joint planning and collaboration. We suggest academic and service policymakers to consider these benefits in the planning and evaluating partnership programs. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A study of characteristics of intercity transportation systems. Phase 1: Definition of transportation comparison methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

English, J. M.; Smith, J. L.; Lifson, M. W.

1978-01-01

The objectives of this study are: (1) to determine a unified methodological framework for the comparison of intercity passenger and freight transportation systems; (2) to review the attributes of existing and future transportation systems for the purpose of establishing measures of comparison. These objectives were made more specific to include: (1) development of a methodology for comparing long term transportation trends arising from implementation of various R&D programs; (2) definition of value functions and attribute weightings needed for further transportation goals.

Requirements for regional short-haul air service and the definition of a flight program to determine neighborhood reactions to small transport aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feher, K.; Bollinger, L.; Bowles, J. V.; Waters, M. H.

1978-01-01

An evaluation of the current status and future requirements of an intraregional short haul air service is given. A brief definition of the different types of short haul air service is given. This is followed by a historical review of previous attempts to develop short haul air service in high density urban areas and an assessment of the current status. The requirements for intraregional air service, the need for economic and environmental viability and the need for a flight research program are defined. A detailed outline of a research program that would determine urban community reaction to frequent operations of small transport aircraft is also given. Both the operation of such an experiment in a specific region (San Francisco Bay area) and the necessary design modifications of an existing fixed wing aircraft which could be used in the experiment are established. An estimate is made of overall program costs.

Life sciences payload definition and integration study, task C and D. Volume 2: Payload definition, integration, and planning studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The Life Sciences Payload Definition and Integration Study was composed of four major tasks. Tasks A and B, the laboratory definition phase, were the subject of prior NASA study. The laboratory definition phase included the establishment of research functions, equipment definitions, and conceptual baseline laboratory designs. These baseline laboratories were designated as Maxi-Nom, Mini-30, and Mini-7. The outputs of Tasks A and B were used by the NASA Life Sciences Payload Integration Team to establish guidelines for Tasks C and D, the laboratory integration phase of the study. A brief review of Tasks A and B is presented provide background continuity. The tasks C and D effort is the subject of this report. The Task C effort stressed the integration of the NASA selected laboratory designs with the shuttle sortie module. The Task D effort updated and developed costs that could be used by NASA for preliminary program planning.

Reliability program requirements for aeronautical and space system contractors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

General reliability program requirements for NASA contracts involving the design, development, fabrication, test, and/or use of aeronautical and space systems including critical ground support equipment are prescribed. The reliability program requirements require (1) thorough planning and effective management of the reliability effort; (2) definition of the major reliability tasks and their place as an integral part of the design and development process; (3) planning and evaluating the reliability of the system and its elements (including effects of software interfaces) through a program of analysis, review, and test; and (4) timely status indication by formal documentation and other reporting to facilitate control of the reliability program.

The Space Station as a Construction Base for Large Space Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gates, R. M.

1985-01-01

The feasibility of using the Space Station as a construction site for large space structures is examined. An overview is presented of the results of a program entitled Definition of Technology Development Missions (TDM's) for Early Space Stations - Large Space Structures. The definition of LSS technology development missions must be responsive to the needs of future space missions which require large space structures. Long range plans for space were assembled by reviewing Space System Technology Models (SSTM) and other published sources. Those missions which will use large space structures were reviewed to determine the objectives which must be demonstrated by technology development missions. The three TDM's defined during this study are: (1) a construction storage/hangar facility; (2) a passive microwave radiometer; and (3) a precision optical system.

What is open peer review? A systematic review.

PubMed

Ross-Hellauer, Tony

2017-01-01

Background : "Open peer review" (OPR), despite being a major pillar of Open Science, has neither a standardized definition nor an agreed schema of its features and implementations. The literature reflects this, with numerous overlapping and contradictory definitions. While for some the term refers to peer review where the identities of both author and reviewer are disclosed to each other, for others it signifies systems where reviewer reports are published alongside articles. For others it signifies both of these conditions, and for yet others it describes systems where not only "invited experts" are able to comment. For still others, it includes a variety of combinations of these and other novel methods. Methods : Recognising the absence of a consensus view on what open peer review is, this article undertakes a systematic review of definitions of "open peer review" or "open review", to create a corpus of 122 definitions. These definitions are systematically analysed to build a coherent typology of the various innovations in peer review signified by the term, and hence provide the precise technical definition currently lacking. Results : This quantifiable data yields rich information on the range and extent of differing definitions over time and by broad subject area. Quantifying definitions in this way allows us to accurately portray exactly how ambiguously the phrase "open peer review" has been used thus far, for the literature offers 22 distinct configurations of seven traits, effectively meaning that there are 22 different definitions of OPR in the literature reviewed. Conclusions : I propose a pragmatic definition of open peer review as an umbrella term for a number of overlapping ways that peer review models can be adapted in line with the aims of Open Science, including making reviewer and author identities open, publishing review reports and enabling greater participation in the peer review process.

Gifted and Talented Education: Needed or Not?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lockwood, Anne Turnbaugh

1993-01-01

This theme issue presents a variety of viewpoints on the topic of educational programs for gifted and talented students, in three papers by Anne Turnbaugh Lockwood. The first paper, "Beyond the Golden Chromosome," reviews the ideas of Joseph S. Renzulli concerning the definition of giftedness, use of the label of gifted, the need for…

A Social-Cognitive Theoretical Framework for Examining Music Teacher Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClellan, Edward

2017-01-01

The purpose of the study was to examine a diverse range of research literature to provide a social-cognitive theoretical framework as a foundation for definition of identity construction in the music teacher education program. The review of literature may reveal a theoretical framework based around tenets of commonly studied constructs in the…

School Climate Resource Document; Resources, Strategies, and Programs for Low-Achieving Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smey-Richman, Barbara; Barkley, William W.

After reviewing definitions of school climate with emphasis on the four dimensions of school climate described by Tagiuri (1968), this document examines factors within Tagiuri's school culture and social system dimensions as manifested in the climate of average elementary and secondary schools and as they affect low achievers. Variables examined…

"Turning Points" Revisited: How Effective Middle-Grades Schools Address Developmental Needs of Young Adolescent Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Terry

1993-01-01

Reviews the Carnegie Council on Adolescent Development Task Force Report (1989) "Turning Points" and looks at some successful middle school programs. Some issues discussed are diversity; self-deveelopment and self-definition; student participation; school and community; social interaction; school climate; and curriculum and instruction.…

Audubon Tree Study Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Audubon Society, New York, NY.

Included are an illustrated student reader, "The Story of Trees," a leaders' guide, and a large tree chart with 37 colored pictures. The student reader reviews several aspects of trees: a definition of a tree; where and how trees grow; flowers, pollination and seed production; how trees make their food; how to recognize trees; seasonal changes;…

Defining the Problem of Practice Dissertation: Where's the Practice, What's the Problem?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belzer, Alisa; Ryan, Sharon

2013-01-01

This article describes the evolution of the conceptualization of the "problem of practice" dissertation in the new EdD Program at the Graduate School of Education at Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey. Our definition and conceptualization of the professional practice dissertation is grounded in a review of relevant literature…

Needed: A New Graduate International University System for the Twenty-First Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, W. Paul

A Graduate International University System is proposed. Past efforts, such as the Fulbright Act, are reviewed and the need for an international approach to graduate education is explored. A wider definition for the meaning of a university is presented: one that encompasses a program of immersive experiences and personal interaction (the…

Greening the Global Village: The Administrative Imperative To Educate Students for Global Awareness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chaniot, Janet

The first of the three chapters of this document on teaching global education to elementary and secondary school students begins with a literature review of perspectives on global studies and continues with a comparison of definitions, assumptions, goals, and objectives for global education programs. The obstacles to teaching this global…

Transplant programs, centers, and institutes: what does it all mean?

PubMed

Abouljoud, Marwan; Whitehouse, Sarah

2013-04-01

There are more than 250 transplant centers in the USA, but variation continues to exist in organizational structure for transplant multidisciplinary services. We reviewed the literature to explore the definitions for transplant organizational structures and address existing rationale for the development of the integrated transplant service line. No standard definitions exist to differentiate the use of program, center, institute, or service line. A survey of 20 multiorgan transplant centers in the USA showed that most were named centers or institutes, but some were organized as departments and service lines. The prevailing themes were the perceived need for autonomy of the transplant entity, alignment among services and finances, and the alignment of authority with responsibility. In addition, perceived benefits included growth, alignment, efficiency, and resource allocation. The multidisciplinary nature of transplantation generally has been fit into the matrix organizational model, although many hospitals today have departments, centers, institutes, and service lines structures. Integration has been viewed as beneficial by most transplant entities reviewed, with a sense that it is better adapted for the evolving healthcare climate.

Review of flat panel display programs and defense applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gnade, Bruce; Schulze, Raymond; Henderson, Girardeau L.; Hopper, Darrel G.

1997-07-01

Flat panel display research has comprised a substantial portion of the national investment in new technology for economic and national security for the past nine years. These investments have ben made principally via several Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs, known collectively as the continuing High Definition Systems Program, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Production Act Title III Program. Using input from the Army, Navy, and Air Force to focus research and identify insertion opportunities, DARPA and the Title III Program Office have made investments to develop the national technology base and manufacturing infrastructure necessary to meet the twin challenge of providing affordable displays in current systems and enabling the DoD strategy of winning future conflicts by getting more information to all participants during the battle. These research programs are reviewed and opportunities for applications are described. Future technology development, transfer, and transition requirements are identified. Strategy and vision are documented to assist the identification of areas meriting further consideration.

Statistics Anxiety Update: Refining the Construct and Recommendations for a New Research Agenda.

PubMed

Chew, Peter K H; Dillon, Denise B

2014-03-01

Appreciation of the importance of statistics literacy for citizens of a democracy has resulted in an increasing number of degree programs making statistics courses mandatory for university students. Unfortunately, empirical evidence suggests that students in nonmathematical disciplines (e.g., social sciences) regard statistics courses as the most anxiety-inducing course in their degree programs. Although a literature review exists for statistics anxiety, it was done more than a decade ago, and newer studies have since added findings for consideration. In this article, we provide a current review of the statistics anxiety literature. Specifically, related variables, definitions, and measures of statistics anxiety are reviewed with the goal of refining the statistics anxiety construct. Antecedents, effects, and interventions of statistics anxiety are also reviewed to provide recommendations for statistics instructors and for a new research agenda. © The Author(s) 2014.

34 CFR 200.80 - Migrant Education Even Start Program definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Migrant Education Even Start Program definition. 200.80... DISADVANTAGED Even Start Family Literacy Program § 200.80 Migrant Education Even Start Program definition. Eligible participants under the Migrant Education Even Start Program (MEES) must meet the definitions of a...

The Final Proceedings of the DOE/NASA Solar Power Satellite Program Review

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The solar power satellite (SPS) concept defined as 'placing gigantic satellites in geosynchronous orbit to capture sunlight, changing the energy into an appropriate form for transmission to Earth, and introducing the energy into the electric power grid' is evaluated in terms of costs and benefits. The concept development and evaluation program is reviewed in four general areas: systems definition; environmental; societal; and comparative assessments. Specific factors addressed include: transportation, construction in space, methods of conversion of sunlight into energy, transmission to Earth, maintenance in orbit and decommissioning of satellites; environmental, political, and economic effects; and comparison of SPS to other forms of power generation, both terrestrial and in space.

Power interconnection projects in the ASEAN region: Definitional-mission report No. 1. Export trade information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-06-01

In response to a request from the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), the U.S. Trade and Development Program (TDP) conducted a definitional mission to evaluate the prospects of TDP funding for five Power Interconnection Projects in the ASEAN region. These projects included: Batam-Singapore Interconnection; Sumatera-Peninsular Malaysia Interconnection; Sarawak-West Kalimantan Interconnection; Sarawak-Brunei-Sabah Interconnection; and Java-Sumatera Interconnection. Based on a review of the proposed scopes of work for the projects and the discussions in the field, the report summarizes the technical details and the costs of implementation for the projects.

Radiology Undergraduate and Resident Curricula: A Narrative Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Linaker, Kathleen L.

2015-01-01

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine the literature regarding radiology curricula for both undergraduates and residents. Methods A review of the literature was performed using relevant key words. Articles were retrieved through December 2012 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Proquest, and ICL databases along with a manual review of references. Results Of the 4716 unique abstracts reviewed by the author, 142 were found to be relevant to the purpose of this study. Undergraduate radiology education, radiology curriculum, and radiology pedagogy vary widely between disciplines and between colleges within disciplines. Formal radiology education is not taught at all medical programs and little radiology training is incorporated into non-radiology residencies. This results in some medical graduates not being taught how to interpret basic radiology images and not learning contraindications and indications for ordering diagnostic imaging tests. There are no definitive studies examining how to incorporate radiology into the curriculum, how to teach radiology to either undergraduates or residents, or how to assess this clinical competency. Conclusions This review shows that radiology education is perceived to be important in undergraduate and residency programs. However, some programs do not include radiology training, thus graduates from those programs do not learn radiology essentials. PMID:26770172

Flight- and Ground-Based Materials Science Programs at NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gillies, Donald C.

1999-01-01

The Microgravity Research Division of NASA funds research programs in all branches of materials science including ceramics and glasses. A NASA Research Announcement (NRA)is currently planned with proposals due in March 1999. Proposals are accepted for both flight- definition and ground- based research projects with a main criterion being a strong justification for microgravity. A review of the program in its entirety will be given, with special emphasis on microgravity related ceramics research. The topics of current interest in the NRA will be discussed in terms of International Space Station research and NASA's Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS) initiative.

Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel report to the NASA acting administrator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

The level of activity of the Aerospace Safety Advisory Panel was increased smewhat during 1985 in concert with the increased mission rate of the National Space Transportation System, the evolutionary changes in management and operation of that program, and the preparation of the Vandenberg Launch Site; the implementation of the Program Definition Phase of the Space Station Program; and the actual flight testing of the X-29 research aircraft. Impending payload STS missions and NASA's overall aircraft operations are reviewed. The safety aspects of the LEASAT salvage mission were assessed. The findings and recommendation of the committee are summerized.

Spina Bifida: General Information. Fact Sheet Number 12 = La Espina Bifida: Informacion General. Fact Sheet Number 12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Information Center for Children and Youth with Disabilities, Washington, DC.

This fact sheet offers definitions of the three types of spina bifida, outlines their incidence, describes characteristics of individuals with spina bifida, and reviews educational implications. The fact sheet emphasizes that school programs should be flexible to accommodate these students' special needs and frequent absences, that children with…

Simulation verification techniques study: Simulation self test hardware design and techniques report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

The final results are presented of the hardware verification task. The basic objectives of the various subtasks are reviewed along with the ground rules under which the overall task was conducted and which impacted the approach taken in deriving techniques for hardware self test. The results of the first subtask and the definition of simulation hardware are presented. The hardware definition is based primarily on a brief review of the simulator configurations anticipated for the shuttle training program. The results of the survey of current self test techniques are presented. The data sources that were considered in the search for current techniques are reviewed, and results of the survey are presented in terms of the specific types of tests that are of interest for training simulator applications. Specifically, these types of tests are readiness tests, fault isolation tests and incipient fault detection techniques. The most applicable techniques were structured into software flows that are then referenced in discussions of techniques for specific subsystems.

34 CFR 263.3 - What definitions apply to the Professional Development program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Professional Development... Professional Development Program § 263.3 What definitions apply to the Professional Development program? The following definitions apply to the Professional Development program: Bureau-funded school means a Bureau...

Student Evaluations, Outcomes, and National Licensure Examinations in Radiology Education: A Narrative Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Linaker, Kathleen L

2015-12-01

The purpose of this study was to examine literature on radiological student evaluation and outcome assessments including national board examinations. A review of the literature was performed using relevant key words. Articles were retrieved through December 2012 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Proquest, and ICL databases along with a manual review of references. Of the 4716 unique abstracts reviewed by the author, 54 were found to be relevant to the purpose of this study. Student grade point average correlates with board scores in the nursing, chiropractic, and medical professions. Scores on the chiropractic college admission test and undergraduate grade point average correlate with success in professional college. There is a correlation between board scores and college attended. Board preparation programs do not appear to affect board examination scores. Although evaluations can be effective teaching tools, they are not used by many radiology programs. Some programs have inadequate evaluations and do not allow students to review their evaluations. There are no definitive links between mastery of radiology and specific evaluations, outcomes, or pre-professional/clinical grades. Studies suggest that board examination scores reflect long-term mastery of knowledge rather than short-term memorization of facts.

A Novel Method for Estimating Transgender Status Using Electronic Medical Records

PubMed Central

Roblin, Douglas; Barzilay, Joshua; Tolsma, Dennis; Robinson, Brandi; Schild, Laura; Cromwell, Lee; Braun, Hayley; Nash, Rebecca; Gerth, Joseph; Hunkeler, Enid; Quinn, Virginia P.; Tangpricha, Vin; Goodman, Michael

2016-01-01

Background We describe a novel algorithm for identifying transgender people and determining their male-to-female (MTF) or female-to-male (FTM) identity in electronic medical records (EMR) of an integrated health system. Methods A SAS program scanned Kaiser Permanente Georgia EMR from January 2006 through December 2014 for relevant diagnostic codes, and presence of specific keywords (e.g., “transgender” or “transsexual”) in clinical notes. Eligibility was verified by review of de-identified text strings containing targeted keywords, and if needed, by an additional in-depth review of records. Once transgender status was confirmed, FTM or MTF identity was assessed using a second SAS program and another round of text string reviews. Results Of 813,737 members, 271 were identified as possibly transgender: 137 through keywords only, 25 through diagnostic codes only, and 109 through both codes and keywords. Of these individuals, 185 (68%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 62-74%) were confirmed as definitely transgender. The proportions (95% CIs) of definite transgender status among persons identified via keywords, diagnostic codes, and both were 45% (37-54%), 56% (35-75%), and 100% (96-100%), respectively. Of the 185 definitely transgender people, 99 (54%, 95% CI: 46-61%) were MTF, 84 (45%, 95% CI: 38-53%) were FTM. For two persons, gender identity remained unknown. Prevalence of transgender people (per 100,000 members) was 4.4 (95% CI: 2.6-7.4) in 2006 and 38.7 (95% CI: 32.4-46.2) in 2014. Conclusions The proposed method of identifying candidates for transgender health studies is low cost and relatively efficient. It can be applied in other similar health care systems. PMID:26907539

34 CFR 389.4 - What definitions apply to this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to this program? 389.4 Section 389.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... PROGRAMS General § 389.4 What definitions apply to this program? The definitions in 34 CFR part 385 apply...

34 CFR 389.4 - What definitions apply to this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 2 2011-07-01 2010-07-01 true What definitions apply to this program? 389.4 Section 389.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... PROGRAMS General § 389.4 What definitions apply to this program? The definitions in 34 CFR part 385 apply...

What is open peer review? A systematic review

PubMed Central

Ross-Hellauer, Tony

2017-01-01

Background: “Open peer review” (OPR), despite being a major pillar of Open Science, has neither a standardized definition nor an agreed schema of its features and implementations. The literature reflects this, with numerous overlapping and contradictory definitions. While for some the term refers to peer review where the identities of both author and reviewer are disclosed to each other, for others it signifies systems where reviewer reports are published alongside articles. For others it signifies both of these conditions, and for yet others it describes systems where not only “invited experts” are able to comment. For still others, it includes a variety of combinations of these and other novel methods. Methods: Recognising the absence of a consensus view on what open peer review is, this article undertakes a systematic review of definitions of “open peer review” or “open review”, to create a corpus of 122 definitions. These definitions are systematically analysed to build a coherent typology of the various innovations in peer review signified by the term, and hence provide the precise technical definition currently lacking. Results: This quantifiable data yields rich information on the range and extent of differing definitions over time and by broad subject area. Quantifying definitions in this way allows us to accurately portray exactly how ambiguously the phrase “open peer review” has been used thus far, for the literature offers 22 distinct configurations of seven traits, effectively meaning that there are 22 different definitions of OPR in the literature reviewed. Conclusions: I propose a pragmatic definition of open peer review as an umbrella term for a number of overlapping ways that peer review models can be adapted in line with the aims of Open Science, including making reviewer and author identities open, publishing review reports and enabling greater participation in the peer review process. PMID:28580134

Definitions of metabolic syndrome: Where are we now?

PubMed

Daskalopoulou, Stella S; Athyros, Vassilis G; Kolovou, Genovefa D; Anagnostopoulou, Katherine K; Mikhailidis, Dimitri P

2006-07-01

The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of metabolic abnormalities including abdominal obesity, glucose intolerance, hypertension and dyslipidaemia and is associated with an increased risk of vascular events. Since the initial description of the MetS, several expert groups produced different definitions. This variability led to confusion and absence of comparability between studies. Although there is agreement that the MetS is a major public health challenge worldwide and consistent evidence stresses the need for intervention, the definition of the syndrome remains a matter of debate. This review considers the different definitions of the MetS. These include those proposed by the World Health Organisation, the European Group for the Study of Insulin Resistance, the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, the American College of Endocrinology and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the latest International Diabetes Federation definition which includes ethnic-specific waist circumference cut-off points. These definitions share several features but also include important differences; all have limitations. Selected (after a Medline search) studies comparing the different definitions are also considered. There is a need for a standardised definition of the MetS. Furthermore, a definition tailored for children and adolescents is essential. Prospective long-term studies are needed to validate the prognostic power of these definitions. As new information becomes available the definition of the MetS might be further modified.

Exploration Supply Chain Simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2008-01-01

The Exploration Supply Chain Simulation project was chartered by the NASA Exploration Systems Mission Directorate to develop a software tool, with proper data, to quantitatively analyze supply chains for future program planning. This tool is a discrete-event simulation that uses the basic supply chain concepts of planning, sourcing, making, delivering, and returning. This supply chain perspective is combined with other discrete or continuous simulation factors. Discrete resource events (such as launch or delivery reviews) are represented as organizational functional units. Continuous resources (such as civil service or contractor program functions) are defined as enabling functional units. Concepts of fixed and variable costs are included in the model to allow the discrete events to interact with cost calculations. The definition file is intrinsic to the model, but a blank start can be initiated at any time. The current definition file is an Orion Ares I crew launch vehicle. Parameters stretch from Kennedy Space Center across and into other program entities (Michaud Assembly Facility, Aliant Techsystems, Stennis Space Center, Johnson Space Center, etc.) though these will only gain detail as the file continues to evolve. The Orion Ares I file definition in the tool continues to evolve, and analysis from this tool is expected in 2008. This is the first application of such business-driven modeling to a NASA/government-- aerospace contractor endeavor.

A systematic review of validated methods for identifying hypersensitivity reactions other than anaphylaxis (fever, rash, and lymphadenopathy), using administrative and claims data.

PubMed

Schneider, Gary; Kachroo, Sumesh; Jones, Natalie; Crean, Sheila; Rotella, Philip; Avetisyan, Ruzan; Reynolds, Matthew W

2012-01-01

The Food and Drug Administration's Mini-Sentinel pilot program aims to conduct active surveillance to refine safety signals that emerge for marketed medical products. A key facet of this surveillance is to develop and understand the validity of algorithms for identifying health outcomes of interest from administrative and claims data. This article summarizes the process and findings of the algorithm review of hypersensitivity reactions. PubMed and Iowa Drug Information Service searches were conducted to identify citations applicable to the hypersensitivity reactions of health outcomes of interest. Level 1 abstract reviews and Level 2 full-text reviews were conducted to find articles using administrative and claims data to identify hypersensitivity reactions and including validation estimates of the coding algorithms. We identified five studies that provided validated hypersensitivity-reaction algorithms. Algorithm positive predictive values (PPVs) for various definitions of hypersensitivity reactions ranged from 3% to 95%. PPVs were high (i.e. 90%-95%) when both exposures and diagnoses were very specific. PPV generally decreased when the definition of hypersensitivity was expanded, except in one study that used data mining methodology for algorithm development. The ability of coding algorithms to identify hypersensitivity reactions varied, with decreasing performance occurring with expanded outcome definitions. This examination of hypersensitivity-reaction coding algorithms provides an example of surveillance bias resulting from outcome definitions that include mild cases. Data mining may provide tools for algorithm development for hypersensitivity and other health outcomes. Research needs to be conducted on designing validation studies to test hypersensitivity-reaction algorithms and estimating their predictive power, sensitivity, and specificity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

A trauma outreach program provided by a level I trauma center is an effective way to initiate peer review at referring hospitals and foster process improvements.

PubMed

Byrnes, Matthew C; Irwin, Eric; Becker, Leslie; Thorson, Melissa; Beilman, Greg; Horst, Patrick; Croston, Kevin

2010-04-01

The initial care of critically injured patients has profound effects on ultimate outcomes. The "golden hour" of trauma care is often provided by rural hospitals before definitive transfer. There are, however, no standardized methods for providing educational feedback to these hospitals for the purposes of performance improvement. We hypothesized that an outreach program would stimulate peer review and identify systematic deficiencies in the care of patients with injuries. We developed a quality improvement program aimed at providing educational feedback to hospitals that referred patients to our American College of Surgeons-verified level I trauma center. We traveled to each referral center to provide feedback on the initial treatment and ultimate outcome of patients that were transferred to us. These feedback sessions were presented in the format of case presentations and case discussions. The outreach program was presented at each hospital every 3 months to 6 months. Nine hospitals were included in our program. We received 334 patients in transfer from these hospitals during the study period. Formal peer review that focused on trauma patients increased from 14% of hospitals to 100% of hospitals after institution of the program. Eighty-five percent of hospitals thought that the care of patients with injuries was improved as a result of the program. Eighty-five percent of hospitals developed process improvement initiatives as a result of the program. A formal outreach program can stimulate peer review at rural hospitals, provide continuing education in the care of patients with injuries, and foster process improvements at referring hospitals.

40 CFR 145.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 145.2 Section 145.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General Program Requirements § 145.2 Definitions. The definitions of part 144 apply...

40 CFR 145.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 145.2 Section 145.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) STATE UIC PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General Program Requirements § 145.2 Definitions. The definitions of part 144 apply...

Environmental and Community Health: Individualized Health Incentive Program Modules for Physically Disabled Students for Grades Kindergarten Through Twelve. Teacher's Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reggio, Kathryn D.; And Others

The fourth in a series of health education modules for physically handicapped students (grades K-12) centers on environmental and community health. Considered in an introductory section are definitions and descriptions of nine types of physical disabilities, and reviewed are learning activities in environmental and community health at The Human…

At-Risk Early Childhood Children, Their Families, and Our Future--A Beginning View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tunstall, Dorothy F.

This paper provides a review of the literature on the needs of young children in the United States who are at risk for failure and offers suggestions for early intervention and societal change. The problem is documented in sections concerning: a definition of "at risk," the importance of the first years of life, prevention, successful programs of…

In-flight thrust determination

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abernethy, Robert B.; Adams, Gary R.; Ascough, John C.; Baer-Riedhart, Jennifer L.; Balkcom, George H.; Biesiadny, Thomas

1986-01-01

The major aspects of processes that may be used for the determination of in-flight thrust are reviewed. Basic definitions are presented as well as analytical and ground-test methods for gathering data and calculating the thrust of the propulsion system during the flight development program of the aircraft. Test analysis examples include a single-exhaust turbofan, an intermediate-cowl turbofan, and a mixed-flow afterburning turbofan.

The SPS concept - An overview of status and outlook. [Satellite Power System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schwenk, F. C.

1980-01-01

The satellite power system (SPS) concept has been reviewed and assessed in a concept development and evaluation program. This paper presents the results of the assessment in systems definition, environmental factors, social impacts, and comparison of future energy systems. Although no insurmountable objections to SPS have been identified, there remain issues that can be resolved only through further research.

An Annotated Bibliography of Current Literature on the Mentoring of Teachers: Collegial Mentoring Promotes Dual Professional Growth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Sheryll Lynch

This study reviews current research on teacher mentors. Mentoring is defined as teacher-to-teacher coaching or counseling. The annotated bibliography covers articles that deal with: (1) descriptions and definitions of mentors; (2) mentoring as a vehicle used in teacher induction programs; and (3) the value of mentoring as a staff development tool.…

The Old College Try. Balancing Academics and Athletics in Higher Education. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thelin, John R.; Wiseman, Lawrence L.

The digest is based on a full length report on academics and athletics in higher education. The full report provides a definitive review of the literature and institutional practice on the topic. Three sections consider: (1) business and politics of college sports (e.g. most budgets for athletics programs show signs of precarious fiscal fitness,…

Prevalence of cardio-metabolic syndrome in Nigeria: a systematic review.

PubMed

Oguoma, V M; Nwose, E U; Richards, R S

2015-05-01

This is a systematic review of the distribution of cardiometabolic syndrome (CMS) in Nigeria, the clinical definitions widely used and how it affects the proposition of a national prevalence of CMS that will advise management interventions. Systematic review of literature. To present a comprehensive report of the distribution of CMS in Nigeria, extensive searches was carried out on PubMed, African Journals Online (AJOL), SCOPUS, EBSCOhost (CINAHL Plus), Google Scholar and Science Direct using terms: Nigeria, metabolic syndrome, cardio-metabolic syndrome, syndrome X, World Health Organization, International Diabetic Federation, National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III, European Group for study on Insulin Resistance, American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist, American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute. All published data between January 2002 and December 2013 were collated into a database. Information gathered and recorded for each source were the population sampled, age and number of population, locality, clinical definition used, longitude and latitude, and period of the study. Out of 32 studies, 9 (28.1%) adopted the WHO classification, 19 (59.4%) used the ATPIII definition, while the remaining 10 (31.3%) studies used the IDF definitions. Twenty (62.5%) were hospital-based studies on diabetic, hypertensive, HIV, asthmatic and thyroid disorder patients. The remaining 12 (37.5%) studies were population-based studies in urban, suburb and rural settings. The mean overall prevalence of CMS in Nigeria is 31.7%, 27.9% and 28.1% according to the WHO, ATPIII and IDF definitions, respectively. Most of the studies were from the Southern region. Age groups mostly studied were those from ≥35 years. The report of this review provides an essential overview on the current distribution of CMS in Nigeria. It provides an insight to direct future studies such as the need to (1) study rural communities where lifestyles are not westernized as in the urban areas, and (2) young adults, as well as (3) develop a consensus on the definition of CMS among the Sub-Saharan African populations. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

REVIEW ARTICLE: The next 50 years of the SI: a review of the opportunities for the e-Science age

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Foster, Marcus P.

2010-12-01

The International System of Units (SI) was declared as a practical and evolving system in 1960 and is now 50 years old. A large amount of theoretical and experimental work has been conducted to change the standards for the base units from artefacts to physical constants, to improve their stability and reproducibility. Less attention, however, has been paid to improving the SI definitions, utility and usability, which suffer from contradictions, ambiguities and inconsistencies. While humans can often resolve these issues contextually, computers cannot. As an ever-increasing volume and proportion of data about physical quantities is collected, exchanged, processed and rendered by computers, this paper argues that the SI definitions, symbols and syntax should be made more rigorous, so they can be represented wholly and unambiguously in ontologies, programs, data and text, and so the SI notation can be rendered faithfully in print and on screen.

Satellite power system concept development and evaluation program. Volume 2: System definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The system level results of the system definition studies performed by NASA as a part of the Department of Energy/NASA satellite power system concept development and evaluation program are summarized. System requirements and guidelines are discussed as well as the major elements that comprise the reference system and its design options. Alternative system approaches including different system sizes, solid state amplifier (microwave) concepts, and laser power transmission system cost summaries are reviewed. An overview of the system analysis and planning efforts is included. The overall study led to the conclusion that the reference satellite power system concept is a feasible baseload source of electrical power and, within the assumed guidelines, the minimum cost per kilowatt is achieved at the maximum output of 5 gigawatts to the utility grid. Major unresolved technical issues include maximum allowable microwave power density in the ionosphere and performance/mass characteristics of laser power transmission systems.

Organizing, staffing and initiating the program.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Biene, F. K.

1972-01-01

This paper describes and discusses those test laboratory management considerations prerequisite to test conduct and test reporting. These considerations are identified as (1) organizational requirements; they have to be determined, not only to implement a successful test program, but to match the communications needs of the other elements of the parent organization: (2) the role of supervision; decision making processes, types of decisions, and charters and role statements are presented: (3) planning; involves establishing objectives, definitions, procedures and the review and appraisal process: (4) delegation; some things cannot be delegated, others have to be.

7 CFR 760.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 760.502 Section 760.502 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS INDEMNITY PAYMENT PROGRAMS Tree Assistance Program § 760.502 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart. The...

Peer tutoring programs in health professions schools.

PubMed

Santee, Jennifer; Garavalia, Linda

2006-06-15

Peer tutoring programs may be one method of maintaining quality of pharmacy education in the face of growing student enrollment and a small faculty body. A critical review of the literature was performed to ascertain whether peer tutoring programs improve or maintain the academic performance of health care professional students. Various electronic databases and abstracts from past American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy's annual meetings were searched to identify pertinent research. Only those articles with quantitative data, an experimental design, and comparative statistical analysis were included for review. Most studies found that peer tutoring had a positive impact on academic performance. These results may not be readily generalizable as there were numerous methodological flaws and limited descriptions of the programs and participants. Studies with better designs and more detail are needed to answer definitively whether peer tutoring is of benefit. Details of what resources were required should be included in the study to allow the reader to determine the feasibility of the intervention.

Peer Tutoring Programs in Health Professions Schools

PubMed Central

Garavalia, Linda

2006-01-01

Objective Peer tutoring programs may be one method of maintaining quality of pharmacy education in the face of growing student enrollment and a small faculty body. A critical review of the literature was performed to ascertain whether peer tutoring programs improve or maintain the academic performance of health care professional students. Methods Various electronic databases and abstracts from past American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy's annual meetings were searched to identify pertinent research. Only those articles with quantitative data, an experimental design, and comparative statistical analysis were included for review. Results Most studies found that peer tutoring had a positive impact on academic performance. These results may not be readily generalizable as there were numerous methodological flaws and limited descriptions of the programs and participants. Implications Studies with better designs and more detail are needed to answer definitively whether peer tutoring is of benefit. Details of what resources were required should be included in the study to allow the reader to determine the feasibility of the intervention. PMID:17136190

Program factors related to women's substance abuse treatment retention and other outcomes: a review and critique.

PubMed

Sun, An-Pyng

2006-01-01

This study examined program factors related to women's substance abuse treatment outcomes. Although substance abuse research is traditionally focused on men, some more recent studies target women. A systematic review of 35 empirical studies that included solely women subjects or that analyzed female subjects separately from male subjects revealed five elements related to women's substance abuse treatment effectiveness; these are (1) single- versus mixed-sex programs, (2) treatment intensity, (3) provision for child care, (4) case management and the "one-stop shopping" model, and (5) supportive staff plus the offering of individual counseling. Although all 35 studies contribute to the knowledge base, critiques of six areas of design weakness in the studies were included to provide directions for future studies; these are (1) lack of a randomized controlled design, (2) nondisentanglement of multiple conditions, (3) lack of a consistent definition for treatment factors and outcomes, (4) small sample size, (5) lack of thorough program description, and (6) lack of thorough statistical analyses.

[Educative programs based on self-management: an integrative review].

PubMed

Nascimento, Luciana da Silva; de Gutierrez, Maria Gaby Rivero; De Domenico, Edvane Birelo Lopes

2010-06-01

The objective was to identify definitions and/or explanations of the term self-management in educative programs that aim its development. The authors also aimed to describe the educative plans and results of the educative programs analyzed. As a methodology we used integrative review, with 15 published articles (2002 the 2007). The inclusion criteria was: the occurrence of the term self-management; the existence of an educative program for the development of self-management; to be related to the area of the health of the adult. Self-management means the improvement or acquisition of abilities to solve problems in biological, social and affective scopes. The review pointed to different educational methodologies. However, it also showed the predominance of traditional methods, with conceptual contents and of physiopathological nature. The learning was evaluated as favorable, with warns in relation to the application in different populations and contexts and to the increase of costs of the educative intervention. It was concluded that research has evidenced the importance of the education for self-management, but lacked in strength for not relating the biopsychosocial demands of the chronic patient and for not describing in detail the teaching and evaluation methodologies employed.

Detecting adverse events in surgery: comparing events detected by the Veterans Health Administration Surgical Quality Improvement Program and the Patient Safety Indicators.

PubMed

Mull, Hillary J; Borzecki, Ann M; Loveland, Susan; Hickson, Kathleen; Chen, Qi; MacDonald, Sally; Shin, Marlena H; Cevasco, Marisa; Itani, Kamal M F; Rosen, Amy K

2014-04-01

The Patient Safety Indicators (PSIs) use administrative data to screen for select adverse events (AEs). In this study, VA Surgical Quality Improvement Program (VASQIP) chart review data were used as the gold standard to measure the criterion validity of 5 surgical PSIs. Independent chart review was also used to determine reasons for PSI errors. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of PSI software version 4.1a were calculated among Veterans Health Administration hospitalizations (2003-2007) reviewed by VASQIP (n = 268,771). Nurses re-reviewed a sample of hospitalizations for which PSI and VASQIP AE detection disagreed. Sensitivities ranged from 31% to 68%, specificities from 99.1% to 99.8%, and positive predictive values from 31% to 72%. Reviewers found that coding errors accounted for some PSI-VASQIP disagreement; some disagreement was also the result of differences in AE definitions. These results suggest that the PSIs have moderate criterion validity; however, some surgical PSIs detect different AEs than VASQIP. Future research should explore using both methods to evaluate surgical quality. Published by Elsevier Inc.

A re-audit of the use of definitions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) in peer-reviewed literature.

PubMed

Byard, Roger W; Lee, Vivian

2012-11-01

The use of different definitions of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) may make comparison of data among studies difficult. Fifty randomly selected papers dealing with SIDS that were published between 2010 and 2011 in peer-reviewed journals were reviewed to determine whether one of three internationally accepted definitions of SIDS had been either written in the text or referenced. A significant improvement in the use of definitions has occurred since 2005, with the percentage of papers either quoting or referencing a standard definition increasing by 26%, from 42 to 68%. The 1989 NICHD definition remained the most commonly used definition (35.1%) followed by the 2004 San Diego definition (26.3%). Although the percentage of papers where either no definition was provided or where an idiosyncratic or mis-cited definition was used fell 26%, from 58 to 32%, nearly one in three papers published on SIDS in peer-reviewed journals that were included in this study still did not cite a standard definition. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd and Faculty of Forensic and Legal Medicine. All rights reserved.

Astronomy sortie missions definition study. Volume 2, book 1: Astronomy sortie program technical report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The work performed to arrive at a baseline astronomy sortie mission concept is summarized. The material includes: (1) definition of the telescopes and arrays; (2) preliminary definition of mission and systems; (3) identification, definition, and evaluation of alternative sortie programs; (4) the recommended astronomy sortie program; and (5) the astronomy sortie program concept that was approved as a baseline for the remainder of the project.

Student Evaluations, Outcomes, and National Licensure Examinations in Radiology Education: A Narrative Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Linaker, Kathleen L.

2015-01-01

Objective The purpose of this study was to examine literature on radiological student evaluation and outcome assessments including national board examinations. Methods A review of the literature was performed using relevant key words. Articles were retrieved through December 2012 using PubMed, ScienceDirect, ERIC, Proquest, and ICL databases along with a manual review of references. Results Of the 4716 unique abstracts reviewed by the author, 54 were found to be relevant to the purpose of this study. Student grade point average correlates with board scores in the nursing, chiropractic, and medical professions. Scores on the chiropractic college admission test and undergraduate grade point average correlate with success in professional college. There is a correlation between board scores and college attended. Board preparation programs do not appear to affect board examination scores. Conclusion Although evaluations can be effective teaching tools, they are not used by many radiology programs. Some programs have inadequate evaluations and do not allow students to review their evaluations. There are no definitive links between mastery of radiology and specific evaluations, outcomes, or pre-professional/clinical grades. Studies suggest that board examination scores reflect long-term mastery of knowledge rather than short-term memorization of facts. PMID:26770174

Autistic Spectrum Disorder: Intervention Guidance for Service Providers and Families of Young Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorder. Service Guideline 1. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connecticut Birth to Three System, Hartford.

This guide for parents and service providers contains information on autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) in young children and is the product of a review of research-based programs and models and requirements of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act. The document begins with discussion of the definition of ASD, possible causes of ASD, and…

Planning for Life: Program Guidebook. Career Planning: Definitions, Improvement Ideas and Self-Review Process, Application Guidelines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Consortium of State Career Guidance Supervisors, Columbus, OH.

Career and life planning are central to education and provide a unifying focus for school guidance efforts. There is growing evidence that individuals who have goals and dreams often attain them, while those who set no objectives in life frequently fall short of their potential. This guidebook was prepared for schools and institutions to use to…

Valuing and Managing Diversity in Business and Industry: Literature Review and Models. Training and Development Research Center Project Number Fifty-Nine.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Sandra J.

An increasingly diverse work force is a definite trend in the United States, and a number of companies have linked valuing and managing diversity to increased productivity. Equal employment opportunity and affirmative action are pointed to as foundational to the development of formal programs for valuing or managing diversity in the workplace. The…

What Is HRD? A Definitional Review and Synthesis of the HRD Domain

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamlin, Bob; Stewart, Jim

2011-01-01

Purpose: The aim of the paper is to present the findings of a definitional review and comparative study of HRD definitions. It also reports the results of comparing and contrasting a synthesis of the "intended purposes" and "processes" constituting these definitions against various definitions and conceptualisations of…

NASA Automated Rendezvous and Capture Review. Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

In support of the Cargo Transfer Vehicle (CTV) Definition Studies in FY-92, the Advanced Program Development division of the Office of Space Flight at NASA Headquarters conducted an evaluation and review of the United States capabilities and state-of-the-art in Automated Rendezvous and Capture (AR&C). This review was held in Williamsburg, Virginia on 19-21 Nov. 1991 and included over 120 attendees from U.S. government organizations, industries, and universities. One hundred abstracts were submitted to the organizing committee for consideration. Forty-two were selected for presentation. The review was structured to include five technical sessions. Forty-two papers addressed topics in the five categories below: (1) hardware systems and components; (2) software systems; (3) integrated systems; (4) operations; and (5) supporting infrastructure.

48 CFR 19.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 19.1002 Section 19.1002 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS Small Business Competitiveness Demonstration Program 19.1002 Definitions...

Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act; HHS Notice of Benefit and Payment Parameters for 2017. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-03-08

This final rule sets forth payment parameters and provisions related to the risk adjustment, reinsurance, and risk corridors programs; cost-sharing parameters and cost-sharing reductions; and user fees for Federally-facilitated Exchanges. It also provides additional amendments regarding the annual open enrollment period for the individual market for the 2017 and 2018 benefit years; essential health benefits; cost sharing; qualified health plans; Exchange consumer assistance programs; network adequacy; patient safety; the Small Business Health Options Program; stand-alone dental plans; third-party payments to qualified health plans; the definitions of large employer and small employer; fair health insurance premiums; student health insurance coverage; the rate review program; the medical loss ratio program; eligibility and enrollment; exemptions and appeals; and other related topics.

Designing a rapid response program to support evidence-informed decision-making in the Americas region: using the best available evidence and case studies.

PubMed

Haby, Michelle M; Chapman, Evelina; Clark, Rachel; Barreto, Jorge; Reveiz, Ludovic; Lavis, John N

2016-08-18

The objective of this work was to inform the design of a rapid response program to support evidence-informed decision-making in health policy and practice for the Americas region. Specifically, we focus on the following: (1) What are the best methodological approaches for rapid reviews of the research evidence? (2) What other strategies are needed to facilitate evidence-informed decision-making in health policy and practice? and (3) How best to operationalize a rapid response program? The evidence used to inform the design of a rapid response program included (i) two rapid reviews of methodological approaches for rapid reviews of the research evidence and strategies to facilitate evidence-informed decision-making, (ii) supplementary literature in relation to the "shortcuts" that could be considered to reduce the time needed to complete rapid reviews, (iii) four case studies, and (iv) supplementary literature to identify additional operational issues for the design of the program. There is no agreed definition of rapid reviews in the literature and no agreed methodology for conducting them. Better reporting of rapid review methods is needed. The literature found in relation to shortcuts will be helpful in choosing shortcuts that maximize timeliness while minimizing the impact on quality. Evidence for other strategies that can be used concurrently to facilitate the uptake of research evidence, including evidence drawn from rapid reviews, is presented. Operational issues that need to be considered in designing a rapid response program include the implications of a "user-pays" model, the importance of recruiting staff with the right mix of skills and qualifications, and ensuring that the impact of the model on research use in decision-making is formally evaluated. When designing a new rapid response program, greater attention needs to be given to specifying the rapid review methods and reporting these in sufficient detail to allow a quality assessment. It will also be important to engage in other strategies to facilitate the uptake of the rapid reviews and to evaluate the chosen model in order to make refinements and add to the evidence base for evidence-informed decision-making.

(On)line dancing: choosing an appropriate distance education partner.

PubMed

Menn, Mindy; Don Chaney, J

2014-05-01

Online-delivered distance education is a burgeoning component of professional development and continuing education. Distance education programs allow individuals to learn in a different location and/or at a different time from fellow learners, thereby increasing the flexibility and number of learning options. Selecting the "right" program for personal development from the ever-growing body of online-delivered education is an individualized decision that can become an overwhelming and challenging process. This Tool presents four important definitions for navigating distance education program description materials and outlines a five-step process to assist in identifying an appropriate program for personal development. The five-step process includes key questions and points to consider while conducting a candid self-assessment, identifying and investigating distance education programs, and then compiling information, comparing programs, and prioritizing a list of programs suitable for application. Furthermore, this Tool highlights important websites for distance education degree program reviews, accreditation information, and open educational resources.

24 CFR 891.805 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 891.805 Section 891... URBAN DEVELOPMENT (SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SECTION 202 DIRECT LOAN PROGRAM, SECTION 202... § 891.805 Definitions. In addition to the definitions at § 891.105, the following definitions apply to...

What Do We Mean by 'Community Resilience'? A Systematic Literature Review of How It Is Defined in the Literature.

PubMed

Patel, Sonny S; Rogers, M Brooke; Amlôt, Richard; Rubin, G James

2017-02-01

Government, industry and charitable organisations have an increasing focus on programs intended to support community resilience to disasters. But has consensus been reached as to what defines 'community resilience' and what its core characteristics are? We undertook a systematic literature review of definitions of community resilience related to disasters. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the definitions and descriptions that we identified, in order to determine the proposed characteristics of community resilience prior to, during and after a disaster. We identified 80 relevant papers. There was no evidence of a common, agreed definition of community resilience. In spite of this, evidence was found of nine core elements of community resilience that were common among the definitions. The core elements were: local knowledge, community networks and relationships, communication, health, governance and leadership, resources, economic investment, preparedness, and mental outlook. Within these core elements, we identified 19 sub-elements linked to community resilience. Our findings show that community resilience remains an amorphous concept that is understood and applied differently by different research groups. Yet in spite of the differences in conception and application, there are well-understood elements that are widely proposed as important for a resilient community. A focus on these individual elements may be more productive than attempting to define and study community resilience as a distinct concept.

What Do We Mean by 'Community Resilience'? A Systematic Literature Review of How It Is Defined in the Literature

PubMed Central

Patel, Sonny S.; Rogers, M. Brooke; Amlôt, Richard; Rubin, G. James

2017-01-01

Background: Government, industry and charitable organisations have an increasing focus on programs intended to support community resilience to disasters. But has consensus been reached as to what defines 'community resilience' and what its core characteristics are? Methods: We undertook a systematic literature review of definitions of community resilience related to disasters. We conducted an inductive thematic analysis of the definitions and descriptions that we identified, in order to determine the proposed characteristics of community resilience prior to, during and after a disaster. Results: We identified 80 relevant papers. There was no evidence of a common, agreed definition of community resilience. In spite of this, evidence was found of nine core elements of community resilience that were common among the definitions. The core elements were: local knowledge, community networks and relationships, communication, health, governance and leadership, resources, economic investment, preparedness, and mental outlook. Within these core elements, we identified 19 sub-elements linked to community resilience. Conclusion: Our findings show that community resilience remains an amorphous concept that is understood and applied differently by different research groups. Yet in spite of the differences in conception and application, there are well-understood elements that are widely proposed as important for a resilient community. A focus on these individual elements may be more productive than attempting to define and study community resilience as a distinct concept. PMID:29188132

How do we define the policy impact of public health research? A systematic review.

PubMed

Alla, Kristel; Hall, Wayne D; Whiteford, Harvey A; Head, Brian W; Meurk, Carla S

2017-10-02

In order to understand and measure the policy impact of research we need a definition of research impact that is suited to the task. This article systematically reviewed both peer-reviewed and grey literature for definitions of research impact to develop a definition of research impact that can be used to investigate how public health research influences policy. Keyword searches of the electronic databases Web of Science, ProQuest, PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, Informit, PsycINFO, The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Google Scholar were conducted between August 2015 and April 2016. Keywords included 'definition' and 'policy' and 'research impact' or 'research evidence'. The search terms 'health', public health' or 'mental health' and 'knowledge transfer' or 'research translation' were used to focus the search on relevant health discipline approaches. Studies included in the review described processes, theories or frameworks associated with public health, health services or mental health policy. We identified 108 definitions in 83 publications. The key findings were that literature on research impact is growing, but only 23% of peer-reviewed publications on the topic explicitly defined the term and that the majority (76%) of definitions were derived from research organisations and funding institutions. We identified four main types of definition, namely (1) definitions that conceptualise research impacts in terms of positive changes or effects that evidence can bring about when transferred into policies (example Research Excellence Framework definition), (2) definitions that interpret research impacts as measurable outcomes (Research Councils UK), and (3) bibliometric and (4) use-based definitions. We identified four constructs underpinning these definitions that related to concepts of contribution, change, avenues and levels of impact. The dominance of bureaucratic definitions, the tendency to discuss but not define the concept of research impact, and the heterogeneity of definitions confirm the need for conceptual clarity in this area. We propose a working definition of research impact that can be used in a range of health policy contexts.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

The U.S. Trade and Development Program (TDP) organized a Definitional Mission (DM) to examine funding a feasibility study for an ammonia/urea complex in the Congo. Feedstock would be associated gas from crude oil separation facilities, possibility mixed with natural gas from wells that are presently capped. The Definitional Mission visited Congo. There it: Reviewed the project; Prepared terms of reference; Defined the scope of tasks to be carried out; Made an assessment of the rate of urea production; Estimated the installed cost of the overall facility; Prepared a preliminary economic analysis of the project; Estimated the cost of goods andmore » services which would be required; and Assessed the competitiveness of U.S. suppliers of goods and services for the project.« less

Toward More Precise Definition and Evaluation of Televised Educational Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aversa Fran; Morrison, Gary R.

1978-01-01

An operational definition of public television programming and its implications for development and production agencies is sorely needed. This article explores some of the components of such a definition and examines the differences in several types of educational programming in terms of specific design and evaluation variables of the program.…

7 CFR 760.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 760.1002 Section 760.1002 Agriculture... Catfish Grant Programs § 760.1002 Definitions. The following definitions apply to the programs in subpart L and M of this part. The definitions in parts 718 and 1400 of this title also apply, except where...

Definition of Recurrent Urinary Tract Infections in Women: Which One to Adopt?

PubMed

Malik, Rena D; Wu, Yuefeng Rose; Zimmern, Philippe E

2017-11-13

The aim of this study was to systematically review the various definitions of recurrent urinary tract infection (RUTI) recommended by experts and specialty societies cited in biomedical literature. A systematic review of RUTI in women was conducted using MEDLINE, EMBASE, and PubMed between 1966 and 2016 according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Statement. Twenty-five publications were selected for inclusion in this analysis. From review of included publications, 14 definitions of RUTI were obtained. Each source was searched for a textual definition of RUTI as well as presence or absence of specific key elements including urinary symptoms, colony forming unit count, bacterial species, number of UTIs per year, interval time between infections and a negative intervening culture. All data were reviewed by 2 separate investigators. The definition of RUTI was found highly variable in the literature. The tallying of key elements in included definitions suggests that a minimum RUTI definition should include urinary symptoms, urine culture colony forming unit/mL threshold, differentiation of bacterial persistence versus reinfection by bacterial species, and number of UTIs per year. This review of major RUTI definition recommendations by expert individuals and specialty societies underlines the lack of uniformity and the need for a more robust and generally agreeable RUTI definition for use in clinical and academic practice.

24 CFR 761.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC AND INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAMS) DRUG ELIMINATION PROGRAMS General § 761.10 Definitions. The definitions Department, HUD, and Public Housing Agency (PHA) are defined in part 5 of this title. Controlled substance...

24 CFR 761.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC AND INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAMS) DRUG ELIMINATION PROGRAMS General § 761.10 Definitions. The definitions Department, HUD, and Public Housing Agency (PHA) are defined in part 5 of this title. Controlled substance...

24 CFR 761.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC AND INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAMS) DRUG ELIMINATION PROGRAMS General § 761.10 Definitions. The definitions Department, HUD, and Public Housing Agency (PHA) are defined in part 5 of this title. Controlled substance...

24 CFR 761.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC AND INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAMS) DRUG ELIMINATION PROGRAMS General § 761.10 Definitions. The definitions Department, HUD, and Public Housing Agency (PHA) are defined in part 5 of this title. Controlled substance...

24 CFR 761.10 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... THE SECRETARY, DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT (HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS AND PUBLIC AND INDIAN HOUSING PROGRAMS) DRUG ELIMINATION PROGRAMS General § 761.10 Definitions. The definitions Department, HUD, and Public Housing Agency (PHA) are defined in part 5 of this title. Controlled substance...

Review of defense display research programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tulis, Robert W.; Hopper, Darrel G.; Morton, David C.; Shashidhar, Ranganathan

2001-09-01

Display research has comprised a substantial portion of the defense investment in new technology for national security for the past 13 years. These investments have been made by the separate service departments and, especially, via several Defense Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs, known collectively as the High Definition Systems (HDS) Program (which ended in 2001) and via the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Defense Production Act (DPA) Title III Program (efforts ended in 2000). Using input from the Army, Navy, and Air Force to focus research and identify insertion opportunities, DARPA and the Title III Program Office have made investments to develop the national technology base and manufacturing infrastructure necessary to meet the twin challenge of providing affordable displays in current systems and enabling the DoD strategy of winning future conflicts by getting more information to all participants during the battle. These completed DARPA and DPA research and infrastructure programs are reviewed. Service investments have been and are being made to transition display technology; examples are described. Display science and technology (S&T) visions are documented for each service to assist the identification of areas meriting consideration for future defense research.

Study of solid rocket motors for a space shuttle booster. Volume 2, book 3, addendum 1: Cost estimating data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vonderesch, A. H.

1972-01-01

A second iteration of the program baseline configuration and cost for the solid propellant rocket engines used with the space shuttle booster system is presented. The purpose of the study was to ensure that total program costs were complete and to review areas where costs might be overly conservative and could be reduced. Labor and material were analyzed in more depth, more definition was prepared to separate recurring from nonrecurring costs, and the operations portions of the engine and stage were separated into more identifiable activities.

Mutually unbiased bases and semi-definite programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brierley, Stephen; Weigert, Stefan

2010-11-01

A complex Hilbert space of dimension six supports at least three but not more than seven mutually unbiased bases. Two computer-aided analytical methods to tighten these bounds are reviewed, based on a discretization of parameter space and on Gröbner bases. A third algorithmic approach is presented: the non-existence of more than three mutually unbiased bases in composite dimensions can be decided by a global optimization method known as semidefinite programming. The method is used to confirm that the spectral matrix cannot be part of a complete set of seven mutually unbiased bases in dimension six.

Student and Employee Wellness in Higher Education: A Literature Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Owen, T. Ross

This paper reviews the literature related to wellness. Wellness is reviewed in terms of definitions, theoretical perspectives, and research approaches. The definitions of wellness by six theorists are outlined. Regardless of definition chosen, today's conception of wellness has been fostered by disillusion with traditional medicine and the growing…

Developing Resilience Through the Modern Army Combatives Program

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-05-22

Fikretoglu and D. R. McCreary, Psychological Resilience: A Brief Review of Definitions, and Key Theoretical, Conceptual, and Methodological Issues (Toronto...Aligned Forces: Business Not as Usual," Parameters 43, no. 3 (2013): 56. 16Ibid., 60. 17Ibid., 61. 18Richard W. Weitz, "Transition in...deployments, mental health issues have been a significant detractor from available strength totals.26 Resilience is the single factor that helps mitigate the

Thermal Energy Storage: Fourth Annual Review Meeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

The development of low cost thermal energy storage technologies is discussed in terms of near term oil savings, solar energy applications, and dispersed energy systems for energy conservation policies. Program definition and assessment and research and technology development are considered along with industrial storage, solar thermal power storage, building heating and cooling, and seasonal thermal storage. A bibliography on seasonal thermal energy storage emphasizing aquifer thermal energy is included.

7 CFR 1145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DAIRY FORWARD PRICING PROGRAM Definitions § 1145.1 Definitions. (a) Program means the dairy forward pricing program as established by Section 1502 of Public Law... a single handler regulated under the same Federal milk marketing order. (c) Forward contract means...

7 CFR 1145.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and Orders; Milk), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE DAIRY FORWARD PRICING PROGRAM Definitions § 1145.1 Definitions. (a) Program means the dairy forward pricing program as established by Section 1502 of Public Law... a single handler regulated under the same Federal milk marketing order. (c) Forward contract means...

Temporal evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome definitions.

PubMed

Fioretto, José R; Carvalho, Werther B

2013-01-01

to review the evolution of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) definitions and present the current definition for the syndrome. a literature review and selection of the most relevant articles on ARDS definitions was performed using the MEDLINE®/PubMed® Resource Guide database (last ten years), in addition to including the most important articles (classic articles) that described the disease evolution. the review included the following subjects: introduction; importance of definition; description of the first diagnostic criterion and subsequently used definitions, such as acute lung injury score; definition by the American-European Consensus Conference, and its limitations; description of the definition by Delphi, and its problems; accuracy of the aforementioned definitions; description of most recent definition (the Berlin definition), and its limitations; and practical importance of the new definition. ARDS is a serious disease that remains an ongoing diagnostic and therapeutic challenge. The evolution of definitions used to describe the disease shows that studies are needed to validate the current definition, especially in pediatrics, where the data are very scarce. Copyright © 2013 Sociedade Brasileira de Pediatria. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Scoping reviews: time for clarity in definition, methods, and reporting.

PubMed

Colquhoun, Heather L; Levac, Danielle; O'Brien, Kelly K; Straus, Sharon; Tricco, Andrea C; Perrier, Laure; Kastner, Monika; Moher, David

2014-12-01

The scoping review has become increasingly popular as a form of knowledge synthesis. However, a lack of consensus on scoping review terminology, definition, methodology, and reporting limits the potential of this form of synthesis. In this article, we propose recommendations to further advance the field of scoping review methodology. We summarize current understanding of scoping review publication rates, terms, definitions, and methods. We propose three recommendations for clarity in term, definition and methodology. We recommend adopting the terms "scoping review" or "scoping study" and the use of a proposed definition. Until such time as further guidance is developed, we recommend the use of the methodological steps outlined in the Arksey and O'Malley framework and further enhanced by Levac et al. The development of reporting guidance for the conduct and reporting of scoping reviews is underway. Consistency in the proposed domains and methodologies of scoping reviews, along with the development of reporting guidance, will facilitate methodological advancement, reduce confusion, facilitate collaboration and improve knowledge translation of scoping review findings. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

34 CFR 658.4 - What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... International Studies and Foreign Language Program? 658.4 Section 658.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of... UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.4 What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program? The definitions in 34 CFR 655.4 apply to this...

34 CFR 658.4 - What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... International Studies and Foreign Language Program? 658.4 Section 658.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of... UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.4 What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program? The definitions in 34 CFR 655.4 apply to this...

34 CFR 664.5 - What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Projects Abroad Program? 664.5 Section 664.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM General § 664.5 What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad... apply to this program: The following definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad...

34 CFR 664.5 - What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Projects Abroad Program? 664.5 Section 664.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM General § 664.5 What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad... apply to this program: The following definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad...

34 CFR 664.5 - What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Projects Abroad Program? 664.5 Section 664.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM General § 664.5 What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad... apply to this program: The following definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad...

34 CFR 664.5 - What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Projects Abroad Program? 664.5 Section 664.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM General § 664.5 What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad... apply to this program: The following definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad...

34 CFR 664.5 - What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Projects Abroad Program? 664.5 Section 664.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... PROJECTS ABROAD PROGRAM General § 664.5 What definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad... apply to this program: The following definitions apply to the Fulbright-Hays Group Projects Abroad...

An empirical definition of clinical supervision.

PubMed

Milne, Derek

2007-11-01

The growing recognition of clinical supervision as the basis for high-quality mental health services is apparent in policy, research and clinical practice, but an empirical definition is required to progress research and practice. A logical analysis was used to draft a working definition, and then a systematic review of 24 empirical studies of clinical supervision produced a best evidence synthesis, which was used to test and improve this definition. The logical analysis indicated that the most popular definition (Bernard & Goodyear, 1992) failed all four necessary tests of a good definition: precision, specification, operationalization and corroboration. The systematic review synthesis was then used to test the working definition, which passed these tests (with two amendments). These two complementary review approaches created a firmer basis for advancing research and practice.

Smart Choice Health Insurance©: A New, Interdisciplinary Program to Enhance Health Insurance Literacy.

PubMed

Brown, Virginia; Russell, Mia; Ginter, Amanda; Braun, Bonnie; Little, Lynn; Pippidis, Maria; McCoy, Teresa

2016-03-01

Smart Choice Health Insurance© is a consumer education program based on the definition and emerging measurement of health insurance literacy and a review of literature and appropriate theoretical frameworks. An interdisciplinary team of financial and health educators was formed to develop and pilot the program, with the goal of reducing confusion and increasing confidence in the consumer's ability to make a smart health insurance decision. Educators in seven states, certified to teach the program, conducted workshops for 994 consumers. Results show statistically significant evidence of increased health insurance literacy, confidence, and capacity to make a smart choice health insurance choice. Discussion centers on the impact the program had on specific groups, next steps to reach a larger audience, and implications for educators, consumers, and policymakers nationwide. © 2015 Society for Public Health Education.

Effectiveness of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-management programs: systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Peytremann-Bridevaux, Isabelle; Staeger, Philippe; Bridevaux, Pierre-Olivier; Ghali, William A; Burnand, Bernard

2008-05-01

Disease-management programs may enhance the quality of care provided to patients with chronic diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The aim of this systematic review was to assess the effectiveness of COPD disease-management programs. We conducted a computerized search of MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsychINFO, and the Cochrane Library (CENTRAL) for studies evaluating interventions meeting our operational definition of disease management: patient education, 2 or more different intervention components, 2 or more health care professionals actively involved in patients' care, and intervention lasting 12 months or more. Programs conducted in hospital only and those targeting patients receiving palliative care were excluded. Two reviewers evaluated 12,749 titles and fully reviewed 139 articles; among these, data from 13 studies were included and extracted. Clinical outcomes considered were all-cause mortality, lung function, exercise capacity (walking distance), health-related quality of life, symptoms, COPD exacerbations, and health care use. A meta-analysis of exercise capacity and all-cause mortality was performed using random-effects models. The studies included were 9 randomized controlled trials, 1 controlled trial, and 3 uncontrolled before-after trials. Results indicate that the disease-management programs studied significantly improved exercise capacity (32.2 m, 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.1-60.3), decreased risk of hospitalization, and moderately improved health-related quality of life. All-cause mortality did not differ between groups (pooled odds ratio 0.84, 95% CI, 0.54-1.40). COPD disease-management programs modestly improved exercise capacity, health-related quality of life, and hospital admissions, but not all-cause mortality. Future studies should explore the specific elements or characteristics of these programs that bring the greatest benefit.

40 CFR 123.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 123.2 Section 123.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS STATE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General § 123.2 Definitions. The definitions in part 122 apply to all subparts of this part. [63...

40 CFR 123.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 123.2 Section 123.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS STATE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General § 123.2 Definitions. The definitions in part 122 apply to all subparts of this part. [63...

40 CFR 123.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 22 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 123.2 Section 123.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS STATE PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS General § 123.2 Definitions. The definitions in part 122 apply to all subparts of this part. [63...

Integration of behavioral medicine competencies into physiotherapy curriculum in an exemplary Swedish program: rationale, process, and review.

PubMed

Sandborgh, Maria; Dean, Elizabeth; Denison, Eva; Elvén, Maria; Fritz, Johanna; Wågert, Petra von Heideken; Moberg, Johan; Overmeer, Thomas; Snöljung, Åsa; Johansson, Ann-Christin; Söderlund, Anne

2018-06-21

In 2004, Mälardalen University, Sweden, introduced a new undergraduate entry-level physiotherapy program. Program developers constructed the curriculum with behavioral medicine content that reflected the contemporary definition and values of the physiotherapy profession aligning it with current best practices, evidence, and the International Classification of Functioning, Disability, and Health (ICF). The new curriculum conceptualized movement and function as modifiable behaviors in that they reflect behavioral contingencies, perceptions, beliefs, and lifestyle factors as well as pathophysiology and environmental factors. The purpose of this article is to describe how one university accordingly structured its new curriculum and its review. We describe the rationale for the curriculum's behavioral medicine content and competencies, its development and implementation, challenges, long-term outcomes, and its related research enterprise. We conclude that physiotherapy practiced by our graduates augments that taught in other programs based on accreditation reviews. With their expanded practice scope, graduates are systematically practicing within the constructs of health and function conceptualized within the ICF. Our intent in sharing our experience is to exemplify one university's initiative to best prepare students with respect to maximizing physiotherapy outcomes as well as establish a dialogue regarding minimum standards of behavioral medicine competencies in physiotherapy education and practice.

34 CFR 661.4 - What definitions apply to the Business and International Education Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Business and... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 661.4 What definitions apply to the Business and International Education Program...

34 CFR 675.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... participate in a comprehensive work-learning-service program for at least five hours each week, or at least 80..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Work-Colleges Program § 675.41 Special definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart: (a) Work-college: An eligible institution that— (1) Is a public...

34 CFR 661.4 - What definitions apply to the Business and International Education Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION BUSINESS AND INTERNATIONAL EDUCATION PROGRAM General § 661.4 What definitions apply to the Business and International Education Program... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Business and...

77 FR 58739 - Small Business Size Standards: Educational Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... programs, SBA establishes small business size definitions (referred to as size standards) for private... programs effectively, SBA establishes distinct definitions to determine which businesses are deemed small... businesses definitions (15 U.S.C. 632(a)). The Act also requires that small business definitions vary to...

7 CFR 771.2 - Abbreviations and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Abbreviations and definitions. 771.2 Section 771.2... AGRICULTURE SPECIAL PROGRAMS BOLL WEEVIL ERADICATION LOAN PROGRAM § 771.2 Abbreviations and definitions. The following abbreviations and definitions apply to this part: (a) Abbreviations: APHIS means the Animal and...

24 CFR 125.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... HOUSING INITIATIVES PROGRAM § 125.103 Definitions. In addition to the definitions that appear at section... status as an FHO. FHIP means the Fair Housing Initiatives Program authorized by section 561 of the...

Definitions and Conceptual Dimensions of Responsible Research and Innovation: A Literature Review.

PubMed

Burget, Mirjam; Bardone, Emanuele; Pedaste, Margus

2017-02-01

The aim of this study is to provide a discussion on the definitions and conceptual dimensions of Responsible Research and Innovation based on findings from the literature. In the study, the outcomes of a literature review of 235 RRI-related articles were presented. The articles were selected from the EBSCO and Google Scholar databases regarding the definitions and dimensions of RRI. The results of the study indicated that while administrative definitions were widely quoted in the reviewed literature, they were not substantially further elaborated. Academic definitions were mostly derived from the institutional definitions; however, more empirical studies should be conducted in order to give a broader empirical basis to the development of the concept. In the current study, four distinct conceptual dimensions of RRI that appeared in the reviewed literature were brought out: inclusion, anticipation, responsiveness and reflexivity. Two emerging conceptual dimensions were also added: sustainability and care.

Rocket Radiation Handbook. Volume I. Rocket Radiation Phenomenology and Theory

DTIC Science & Technology

1974-06-01

490 definitionujof D padd to end of definition "i defined *by BQ. (C.40) .v- bottom of page add "D = Diameter uued in view-factor * ~calculitions...investigator In the program which was carried out under the general technical direction of Mr. H. Lopez, Director of Engineering. DISTRIBUTION The...14 Vol. I ABSTRACT A review Is given of various mechan;kms responsible for the generation of Infrared, visible, and ultraviolet radiation from

The scope and variety of combined baccalaureate-MD programs in the United States.

PubMed

Eaglen, Robert H; Arnold, Louise; Girotti, Jorge A; Cosgrove, Ellen M; Green, Marianne M; Kollisch, Donald O; McBeth, Dani L; Penn, Mark A; Tracy, Sarah W

2012-11-01

The landscape of combined baccalaureate-MD programs has changed substantially in the last two decades but has not been documented in detail. The authors review the current state of these programs and discuss opportunities for future study of their evolving role and potential impact.In 2011, using a definition of baccalaureate-MD program built on prior research, the authors reviewed Association of American Medical Colleges sources and medical school Web sites to identify and characterize 81 active programs. In addition, they surveyed the 57 medical schools offering those programs; 31 schools with 39 programs responded. The resulting database inventories the number and distribution of programs; institutional affiliations; missions or goals; length; size; admissions criteria; curricula; and retention requirements.Since the inception of combined programs in 1961, their number and curricular length have increased. Pressures that spurred earlier programs remain evident in the goals of today's programs: attract talented high school or early college students, especially from diverse backgrounds; prepare physicians to meet societal needs; and offer an enriched premedical environment. Baccalaureate educational activities achieve program goals through special courses, medical experiences, community service, and learning communities tailored to students' needs. Admission and retention criteria are comparable to those of traditional medical schools.Combined baccalaureate-MD programs have evolved along several paths during the last half century and have enriched the baccalaureate experiences of medical students. Shifting expectations for the selection and education of future physicians warrant focused research on these programs to document their effectiveness in addressing those expectations.

Techniques and potential capabilities of multi-resolutional information (knowledge) processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meystel, A.

1989-01-01

A concept of nested hierarchical (multi-resolutional, pyramidal) information (knowledge) processing is introduced for a variety of systems including data and/or knowledge bases, vision, control, and manufacturing systems, industrial automated robots, and (self-programmed) autonomous intelligent machines. A set of practical recommendations is presented using a case study of a multiresolutional object representation. It is demonstrated here that any intelligent module transforms (sometimes, irreversibly) the knowledge it deals with, and this tranformation affects the subsequent computation processes, e.g., those of decision and control. Several types of knowledge transformation are reviewed. Definite conditions are analyzed, satisfaction of which is required for organization and processing of redundant information (knowledge) in the multi-resolutional systems. Providing a definite degree of redundancy is one of these conditions.

Advanced Thermal Emission Imaging Systems Definition and Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Blasius, Karl; Nava, David (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Santa Barbara Remote Sensing (SBRS), Raytheon Company, is pleased to submit this quarterly progress report of the work performed in the third quarter of Year 2 of the Advanced THEMIS Project, July through September 2002. We review here progress in the proposed tasks. During July through September 2002 progress was made in two major tasks, Spectral Response Characterization and Flight Instrument Definition. Because of staffing problems and technical problems earlier in the program we have refocused the remaining time and budget on the key technical tasks. Current technical problems with a central piece of test equipment has lead us to request a 1 quarter extension to the period of performance. This request is being made through a separate letter independent of this report.

34 CFR 650.4 - What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits... (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM General § 650.4 What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program? The following...

34 CFR 650.4 - What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits... (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM General § 650.4 What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program? The following...

34 CFR 650.4 - What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits... (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM General § 650.4 What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program? The following...

34 CFR 650.4 - What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits... (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM General § 650.4 What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program? The following...

34 CFR 650.4 - What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits... (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION JACOB K. JAVITS FELLOWSHIP PROGRAM General § 650.4 What definitions apply to the Jacob K. Javits Fellowship Program? The following...

Materials Science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

The Materials Science Program is structured so that NASA s headquarters is responsible for the program content and selection, through the Enterprise Scientist, and MSFC provides for implementation of ground and flight programs with a Discipline Scientist and Discipline Manager. The Discipline Working Group of eminent scientists from outside of NASA acts in an advisory capacity and writes the Discipline Document from which the NRA content is derived. The program is reviewed approximately every three years by groups such as the Committee on Microgravity Research, the National Materials Advisory Board, and the OBPR Maximization and Prioritization (ReMaP) Task Force. The flight program has had as many as twenty-six principal investigators (PIs) in flight or flight definition stage, with the numbers of PIs in the future dependent on the results of the ReMaP Task Force and internal reviews. Each project has a NASA-appointed Project Scientist, considered a half-time job, who assists the PI in understanding and preparing for internal reviews such as the Science Concept Review and Requirements Definition Review. The Project Scientist also insures that the PI gets the maximum science support from MSFC, represents the PI to the MSFC community, and collaborates with the Project Manager to insure the project is well-supported and remains vital. Currently available flight equipment includes the Materials Science Research Rack (MSRR-1) and Microgravity Science Glovebox. Ground based projects fall into one or more of several categories. Intellectual Underpinning of Flight Program projects include theoretical studies backed by modeling and computer simulations; bring to maturity new research, often by young researchers, and may include preliminary short duration low gravity experiments in the KC-135 aircraft or drop tube; enable characterization of data sets from previous flights; and provide thermophysical property determinations to aid PIs. Radiation Shielding and preliminary In Situ Resource Utilization (ISRU) studies work towards future long duration missions. Biomaterials support materials issues affecting crew health. Nanostructured Materials are currently considered to be maturing new research, and Advanced Materials for Space Transportation has as yet no PIs. PIs are assigned a NASA Technical Monitor to maintain contact, a position considered to be a 5 percent per PI effort. Currently 33 PIs are supported on the 1996 NRA, which is about to expire, and 59 on the 1998 NRA. Two new NRAs, one for Radiation Shielding and one for Materials Science for Advanced Space Propulsion are due to be announced by the 2003 fiscal year. MSFC has a number of facilities supporting materials science. These include the Microgravity Development Laboratory/SD43; Electrostatic Levitator Facility; SCN Purification Facility; Electron Microscope/Microprobe Facility; Static and Rotating Magnetic Field Facility; X-Ray Diffraction Facility; and the Furnace Development Laboratory.

Particle Engulfment and Pushing by Solidifying Interfaces (PEPSI)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stefanescu, Doru Michael; Curreri, Peter A.; Juretsko, F.; Pang, H.; Phalnikar, R.

1993-01-01

The preliminary definition phase included the following actions: producing a science requiring document (draft), producing a science requirements document (preliminary), updating the flight program proposal, project review at NASA Marshall Space Flight Center, and research work as defined in the statement of work. The first three items of this plan have been delivered by the University of Alabama to NASA according to schedule. A project review meeting was held at MSFC on June 29, 1993. Consequently, this part of the report will address the results of the research work performed in the Solidification Laboratory at the University of Alabama during the first six months of the project.

Apollo experience report: Power generation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bell, D., III; Plauche, F. M.

1973-01-01

A comprehensive review of the design philosophy and experience of the Apollo electrical power generation system is presented. The review of the system covers a period of 8 years, from conception through the Apollo 12 lunar-landing mission. The program progressed from the definition phase to hardware design, system development and qualification, and, ultimately, to the flight phase. Several problems were encountered; however, a technology evolved that enabled resolution of the problems and resulted in a fully manrated power generation system. These problems are defined and examined, and the corrective action taken is discussed. Several recommendations are made to preclude similar occurrences and to provide a more reliable fuel-cell power system.

System analysis study of space platform and station accommodations for life sciences research facilities. Volume 2: Study results, attachment 2. Phase A: Conceptual design and programmatics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wiley, Lowell F.

1985-01-01

The study results from the conceptual design and programmatics segment of the Space Platform and Station Accommodation for Life Sciences Research Facilities. The results and significant findings of the conceptual design and programmatics were generated by these tasks: (1) the review and update engineering and science requirements; (2) analysis of life sciences mission transition scenario; (3) the review and update of key trade issues; (4) the development of conceptual definition and designs; and (5) the development of the work breakdown schedule and its dictionary, program schedule, and estimated costs.

A review of Spacelab mission management approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Craft, H. G., Jr.

1979-01-01

The Spacelab development program is a joint undertaking of the NASA and ESA. The paper addresses the initial concept of Spacelab payload mission management, the lessons learned, and modifications made as a result of the actual implementation of Spacelab Mission 1. The discussion covers mission management responsibilities, program control, science management, payload definition and interfaces, integrated payload mission planning, integration requirements, payload specialist training, payload and launch site integration, payload flight/mission operations, and postmission activities. After 3.5 years the outlined overall mission manager approach has proven to be most successful. The approach does allow the mission manager to maintain the lowest overall mission cost.

13 CFR 125.8 - What definitions are important in the Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned (SDVO) Small Business...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false What definitions are important in... Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION GOVERNMENT CONTRACTING PROGRAMS Definitions for the Service-Disabled Veteran-Owned Small Business Concern Program § 125.8 What definitions are...

34 CFR 660.4 - What definitions apply to the International Research and Studies Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AND STUDIES PROGRAM General § 660.4 What definitions apply to the International Research and Studies... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply to the International Research and Studies Program? 660.4 Section 660.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of...

Evaluating Youth Development Programs: Progress and Promise

PubMed Central

Brooks-Gunn, Jeanne

2016-01-01

Advances in theories of adolescent development and positive youth development have greatly increased our understanding of how programs and practices with adolescents can impede or enhance their development. In this paper the authors reflect on the progress in research on youth development programs in the last two decades, since possibly the first review of empirical evaluations by Roth, Brooks-Gunn, Murray, and Foster (1998). The authors use the terms Version 1.0, 2.0 and 3.0 to refer to changes in youth development research and programs over time. They argue that advances in theory and descriptive accounts of youth development programs (Version 2.0) need to be coupled with progress in definitions of youth development programs, measurement of inputs and outputs that incorporate an understanding of programs as contexts for development, and stronger design and evaluation of programs (Version 3.0). The authors also advocate for an integration of prevention and promotion research, and for use of the term youth development rather than positive youth development. PMID:28077922

Intervention strategies for spatial orientation disorders in dementia: a selective review.

PubMed

Caffò, Alessandro O; Hoogeveen, Frans; Groenendaal, Mari; Perilli, Anna Viviana; Picucci, Luciana; Lancioni, Giulio E; Bosco, Andrea

2014-06-01

This article provides a brief overview of the intervention strategies aimed at reducing spatial orientation disorders in elderly people with dementia. Eight experimental studies using spatial cues, assistive technology programs, reality orientation training, errorless learning technique, and backward chaining programs are described. They can be classified into two main approaches: restorative and compensatory, depending on whether they rely or not on residual learning ability, respectively. A review of the efficacy of these intervention strategies is proposed. Results suggest that both compensatory and restorative approaches may be valuable in enhancing correct way-finding behavior, with various degrees of effectiveness. Some issues concerning (a) variability in participants' characteristics and experimental designs and (b) practicality of intervention strategies do not permit to draw a definite conclusion. Future research should be aimed at a direct comparison between these two strategies, and should incorporate an extensive neuropsychological assessment of spatial domain.

20 CFR 669.110 - What definitions apply to this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... NATIONAL FARMWORKER JOBS PROGRAM UNDER TITLE I OF THE WORKFORCE INVESTMENT ACT Purpose and Definitions... National Farmworker Jobs Program. Housing development assistance within the NFJP, is a type of related... Jobs Program (NFJP) is the nationally administered workforce investment program for farmworkers...

Gender differences in prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in Gulf Cooperation Council Countries: a systematic review.

PubMed

Mabry, R M; Reeves, M M; Eakin, E G; Owen, N

2010-05-01

To systematically review studies documenting the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome among men and women in Member States of the Gulf Cooperative Council (GCC; Bahrain, Kuwait, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia and the United Arab Emirates)-countries in which obesity, Type 2 diabetes and related metabolic and cardiovascular diseases are highly prevalent. A search was conducted on PubMed and CINAHL using the term 'metabolic syndrome' and the country name of each GCC Member State. The search was limited to studies published in the English language. The metabolic syndrome was defined according to the Third Adult Treatment Panel (ATPIII) of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) and/or International Diabetes Federation (IDF) definitions. The methodological quality of each study was evaluated based on four criteria: a national-level population sample; equal gender representation; robustness of the sample size; an explicit sampling methodology. PubMed, CINAHL and reference list searches identified nine relevant studies. Only four were considered high quality and found that, for men, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome ranged from 20.7% to 37.2% (ATPIII definition) and from 29.6% to 36.2% (IDF definition); and, for women, from 32.1% to 42.7% (ATPIII definition) and from 36.1% to 45.9% (IDF definition). Overall, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the GCC states is some 10-15% higher than in most developed countries, with generally higher prevalence rates for women. Preventive strategies will require identifying socio-demographic and environmental correlates (particularly those influencing women) and addressing modifiable risk behaviours, including lack of physical activity, prolonged sitting time and dietary intake.

34 CFR 675.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... institutionally organized or approved study abroad or externship program; and (4) Provides students participating..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Work-Colleges Program § 675.41 Special definitions. The...

34 CFR 675.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... institutionally organized or approved study abroad or externship program; and (4) Provides students participating..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Work-Colleges Program § 675.41 Special definitions. The...

34 CFR 675.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institutionally organized or approved study abroad or externship program; and (4) Provides students participating..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Work-Colleges Program § 675.41 Special definitions. The...

34 CFR 675.41 - Special definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... institutionally organized or approved study abroad or externship program; and (4) Provides students participating..., DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION FEDERAL WORK-STUDY PROGRAMS Work-Colleges Program § 675.41 Special definitions. The...

The effect of the AED and AED programs on survival of individuals, groups and populations.

PubMed

Stokes, Nathan Allen; Scapigliati, Andrea; Trammell, Antoine R; Parish, David C

2012-10-01

The automated external defibrillator (AED) is a tool that contributes to survival with mixed outcomes. This review assesses the effectiveness of the AED, consistencies and variations among studies, and how varying outcomes can be resolved. A worksheet for the International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) 2010 science review focused on hospital survival in AED programs was the foundation of the articles reviewed. Articles identified in the search covering a broader range of topics were added. All articles were read by at least two authors; consensus discussions resolved differences. AED use developed sequentially. Use of AEDs by emergency medical technicians (EMTs) compared to manual defibrillators showed equal or superior survival. AED use was extended to trained responders likely to be near victims, such as fire/rescue, police, airline attendants, and casino security guards, with improvement in all venues but not all programs. Broad public access initiatives demonstrated increased survival despite low rates of AED use. Home AED programs have not improved survival; in-hospital trials have had mixed results. Successful programs have placed devices in high-risk sites, maintained the AEDs, recruited a team with a duty to respond, and conducted ongoing assessment of the program. The AED can affect survival among patients with sudden ventricular fibrillation (VF). Components of AED programs that affect outcome include the operator, location, the emergency response system, ongoing maintenance and evaluation. Comparing outcomes is complicated by variations in definitions of populations and variables. The effect of AEDs on individuals can be dramatic, but the effect on populations is limited.

Primary care patients in the emergency department: who are they? A review of the definition of the 'primary care patient' in the emergency department.

PubMed

Bezzina, Andrew J; Smith, Peter B; Cromwell, David; Eagar, Kathy

2005-01-01

To review the definition of 'primary care' and 'inappropriate' patients in ED and develop a generally acceptable working definition of a 'primary care' presentation in ED. A Medline review of articles on primary care in ED and the definitions used. A total of 34 reviewed papers contained a proposed definition or comment on the definition for potential 'primary care', 'general practice', or 'inappropriate' patients in ED. A representative definition was developed premised on the common factors in these papers: low urgency/acuity--triage categories four or five in the Australasian Triage Scale, self-referred--by definition, patients referred by general practitioner/community primary medical services are not primary care cases because a primary care service has referred them on, presenting for a new episode of care (i.e. not a planned return because planned returns are not self-referred), unlikely to be admitted (in the opinion of Emergency Nurse interviewers) or ultimately not admitted. This definition can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively, depending on the purpose. Appropriateness must be considered in light of a legitimate role for ED in primary care and the balance of resources between primary care and emergency medicine in local settings.

Self-management interventions: Proposal and validation of a new operational definition.

PubMed

Jonkman, Nini H; Schuurmans, Marieke J; Jaarsma, Tiny; Shortridge-Baggett, Lillie M; Hoes, Arno W; Trappenburg, Jaap C A

2016-12-01

Systematic reviews on complex interventions like self-management interventions often do not explicitly state an operational definition of the intervention studied, which may impact the review's conclusions. This study aimed to propose an operational definition of self-management interventions and determine its discriminative performance compared with other operational definitions. Systematic review of definitions of self-management interventions and consensus meetings with self-management research experts and practitioners. Self-management interventions were defined as interventions that aim to equip patients with skills to actively participate and take responsibility in the management of their chronic condition in order to function optimally through at least knowledge acquisition and a combination of at least two of the following: stimulation of independent sign/symptom monitoring, medication management, enhancing problem-solving and decision-making skills for medical treatment management, and changing their physical activity, dietary, and/or smoking behavior. This definition substantially reduced the number of selected studies (255 of 750). In two preliminary expert meetings (n = 6), the proposed definition was identifiable for self-management research experts and practitioners (80% and 60% agreement, respectively). Future systematic reviews must carefully consider the operational definition of the intervention studied because the definition influences the selection of studies on which conclusions and recommendations for clinical practice are based. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

High definition in minimally invasive surgery: a review of methods for recording, editing, and distributing video.

PubMed

Kelly, Christopher R; Hogle, Nancy J; Landman, Jaime; Fowler, Dennis L

2008-09-01

The use of high-definition cameras and monitors during minimally invasive procedures can provide the surgeon and operating team with more than twice the resolution of standard definition systems. Although this dramatic improvement in visualization offers numerous advantages, the adoption of high definition cameras in the operating room can be challenging because new recording equipment must be purchased, and several new technologies are required to edit and distribute video. The purpose of this review article is to provide an overview of the popular methods for recording, editing, and distributing high-definition video. This article discusses the essential technical concepts of high-definition video, reviews the different kinds of equipment and methods most often used for recording, and describes several options for video distribution.

THE TOPIC OF RESEARCH INTEGRITY IN LATINAMERICA1

PubMed Central

Rodríguez, Eduardo; Lolas, Fernando

2012-01-01

Present article narrates the experience of trainees of the ethics of biomedical and psychosocial research program of the Interdisciplinary Center for studies on bioethics (CIEB) of the University of Chile on the topic of research integrity in Latin America. The following problems are covered: integrity of publications, reporting of scientific research misconduct, definitions of research integrity, scientific ethical review committees functioning, international multi-centric clinical trials monitoring and norms for scientific integrity and ethical oversight. PMID:22679532

Space biology initiative program definition review. Trade study 3: Hardware miniaturization versus cost

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, L. Neal; Crenshaw, John, Sr.; Davidson, William L.; Herbert, Frank J.; Bilodeau, James W.; Stoval, J. Michael; Sutton, Terry

1989-01-01

The optimum hardware miniaturization level with the lowest cost impact for space biology hardware was determined. Space biology hardware and/or components/subassemblies/assemblies which are the most likely candidates for application of miniaturization are to be defined and relative cost impacts of such miniaturization are to be analyzed. A mathematical or statistical analysis method with the capability to support development of parametric cost analysis impacts for levels of production design miniaturization are provided.

Advanced orbiting systems test-bedding and protocol verification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noles, James; De Gree, Melvin

1989-01-01

The Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS) has begun the development of a set of protocol recommendations for Advanced Orbiting Systems (SOS). The AOS validation program and formal definition of AOS protocols are reviewed, and the configuration control of the AOS formal specifications is summarized. Independent implementations of the AOS protocols by NASA and ESA are discussed, and cross-support/interoperability tests which will allow the space agencies of various countries to share AOS communication facilities are addressed.

Space biology initiative program definition review. Trade study 6: Space Station Freedom/spacelab modules compatibility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jackson, L. Neal; Crenshaw, John, Sr.; Davidson, William L.; Blacknall, Carolyn; Bilodeau, James W.; Stoval, J. Michael; Sutton, Terry

1989-01-01

The differences in rack requirements for Spacelab, the Shuttle Orbiter, and the United States (U.S.) laboratory module, European Space Agency (ESA) Columbus module, and the Japanese Experiment Module (JEM) of Space Station Freedom are identified. The feasibility of designing standardized mechanical, structural, electrical, data, video, thermal, and fluid interfaces to allow space flight hardware designed for use in the U.S. laboratory module to be used in other locations is assessed.

HIV communication capacity strengthening: a critical review.

PubMed

Lettenmaier, Cheryl; Kraft, Joan Marie; Raisanen, Keris; Serlemitsos, Elizabeth

2014-08-15

HIV communication is most effective and sustainable when it is designed and implemented locally and tailored to the local context. This requires capacity strengthening at national, subnational, and community levels. Through a review of the published and selected "grey" literature, we examine HIV communication capacity strengthening: definitions, measurements, implementation, and effects. We found limited documentation of HIV communication capacity needs or systematic approaches to address them. Most HIV communication capacity strengthening to date has focused on building individual competencies to design and manage social and behavior change communication programs through training courses, often coupled with networking opportunities for participants, post-training mentoring, and technical assistance. A few of these efforts have been evaluated through pre- and post-training tests and qualitative interviews with participants and have shown potential for improvement in individual skills and knowledge. Health communication capacity assessment tools that measure individual and organizational competencies exist, but they have most often been used to identify capacity building needs, not for evaluating capacity strengthening efforts. A new definition of capacity strengthening, grown out of recent efforts to improve effectiveness of international health and development programs, focuses on improving organizational and societal systems that support performance and individual competencies. We propose a holistic model for HIV communication capacity strengthening and call for rigorous documentation and evaluation to determine and scale-up optimal capacity building interventions for strengthening social and behavior change communication for HIV prevention, care, and treatment in developing countries.

77 FR 44288 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request: Definition...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-27

... for OMB Review; Comment Request: Definition of Plan Assets--Participant Contributions ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of Labor (DOL) is submitting the Employee Benefits Security Administration (EBSA) sponsored information collection request (ICR) titled, ``Definition of Plan Assets-- Participant...

Zero-gravity cloud physics laboratory: Experiment program definition and preliminary laboratory concept studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eaton, L. R.; Greco, E. V.

1973-01-01

The experiment program definition and preliminary laboratory concept studies on the zero G cloud physics laboratory are reported. This program involves the definition and development of an atmospheric cloud physics laboratory and the selection and delineations of a set of candidate experiments that must utilize the unique environment of zero gravity or near zero gravity.

Satellite Power System (SPS) concept definition study (exhibit C)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haley, G. M.

1979-01-01

The major outputs of the study are the constructability studies which resulted in the definition of the concepts for satellite, rectenna, and satellite construction base construction. Transportation analyses resulted in definition of heavy-lift launch vehicle, electric orbit transfer vehicle, personnel orbit transfer vehicle, and intra-orbit transfer vehicle as well as overall operations related to transportation systems. The experiment/verification program definition resulted in the definition of elements for the Ground-Based Experimental Research and Key Technology plans. These studies also resulted in conceptual approaches for early space technology verification. The cost analysis defined the overall program and cost data for all program elements and phases.

Phase C/D program development plan. Volume 1: Program plan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1971-01-01

The Phase C/D definition of the Modular Space Station has been developed. The modular approach selected during the option period was evaluated, requirements were defined, and program definition and preliminary design were accomplished. The Space Station Project is covered in depth, the research applications module is limited to a project-level definition, and the shuttle operations are included for interface requirements identification, scheduling, and costing. Discussed in detail are: (1) baseline program and project descriptions; (2) phase project planning; (3) modular space station program schedule; (4) program management plan; (5) operations; (6) facilities; (7) logistics; and (8) manpower.

Reviewing the definition of crisis in dementia care

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Crisis is a term frequently used in dementia care lacking a standardized definition. This article systematically reviews existing definitions of crisis in dementia care literature to create a standardized definition that can be utilized for research, policy and clinical practice. Methods We systematically searched for articles containing definitions of crisis in the context of dementia care. We created an operational framework of crisis based on retrieved definitions. Recommendations to address crisis situations were reviewed and classified according to care settings. Results Abstracts and titles of 1,113 articles, screened from PubMed and EMBASE, were narrowed down to 27 articles. After review, crisis in dementia was defined as a process where a stressor causes an imbalance requiring an immediate decision to be made which leads to a desired outcome and therefore a resolution of the crisis. If the crisis is not resolved, the cycle continues. Recommendations for resolving crisis involving persons with dementia and their caregivers include awareness therapy after diagnosis and increased contact with general practitioners, case manager consultations, caregiver support and education. Furthermore, nursing home staff should be attuned to the environmental, physical and psychological needs of persons with dementia. Conclusions This is the first article to review the definition of crisis in the context of dementia care. A review of the literature indicated that the definition of a crisis is idiosyncratic. Therefore, it is difficult to prevent or plan for all crises. We used an operational framework to compile types of crisis stressors and recommendations from the crisis literature based on three different perspectives; the person with the dementia, the caregiver and the healthcare providers. PMID:23374634

Reviewing the definition of crisis in dementia care.

PubMed

MacNeil Vroomen, Janet; Bosmans, Judith E; van Hout, Hein P J; de Rooij, Sophia E

2013-02-01

Crisis is a term frequently used in dementia care lacking a standardized definition. This article systematically reviews existing definitions of crisis in dementia care literature to create a standardized definition that can be utilized for research, policy and clinical practice. We systematically searched for articles containing definitions of crisis in the context of dementia care. We created an operational framework of crisis based on retrieved definitions. Recommendations to address crisis situations were reviewed and classified according to care settings. Abstracts and titles of 1,113 articles, screened from PubMed and EMBASE, were narrowed down to 27 articles. After review, crisis in dementia was defined as a process where a stressor causes an imbalance requiring an immediate decision to be made which leads to a desired outcome and therefore a resolution of the crisis. If the crisis is not resolved, the cycle continues. Recommendations for resolving crisis involving persons with dementia and their caregivers include awareness therapy after diagnosis and increased contact with general practitioners, case manager consultations, caregiver support and education. Furthermore, nursing home staff should be attuned to the environmental, physical and psychological needs of persons with dementia. This is the first article to review the definition of crisis in the context of dementia care. A review of the literature indicated that the definition of a crisis is idiosyncratic. Therefore, it is difficult to prevent or plan for all crises. We used an operational framework to compile types of crisis stressors and recommendations from the crisis literature based on three different perspectives; the person with the dementia, the caregiver and the healthcare providers.

48 CFR 1819.001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Definitions. 1819.001 Section 1819.001 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS 1819.001 Definitions. High-Tech as used in this part means...

48 CFR 1819.7101 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Definition. 1819.7101 Section 1819.7101 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS NASA Rural Area Small Business Plan 1819.7101 Definition. Rural...

5 CFR 720.302 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definition. 720.302 Section 720.302 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT (CONTINUED) CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) AFFIRMATIVE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program § 720.302 Definition. As used in...

42 CFR 422.2260 - Definitions concerning marketing materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions concerning marketing materials. 422... HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM Medicare Advantage Marketing Requirements § 422.2260 Definitions concerning marketing materials. As used in this subpart— Marketing...

48 CFR 26.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Disaster or Emergency Assistance Activities 26.201 Definitions. Emergency response contract means a contract with private entities that supports assistance activities in a... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 26.201...

7 CFR 1416.501 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1416.501 Section 1416.501 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2006 EMERGENCY AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Tropical Fruit Disaster Program § 1416.501 Definitions. Tropical Fruit means carambola, longan, lychee, and...

76 FR 366 - Public Water Supply Supervision Program; Program Revision for the State of Washington

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-04

... ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY [FRL-9247-4] Public Water Supply Supervision Program; Program... State Public Water Supply Supervision Primacy Program. Washington has adopted a definition for public water system that is analogous to EPA's definition of public water system, and has adopted regulations...

14 CFR 385.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 385.1 Section 385.1...) ORGANIZATION STAFF ASSIGNMENTS AND REVIEW OF ACTION UNDER ASSIGNMENTS General Provisions § 385.1 Definitions... subject matter under review, but not with regard to Deputy General Counsel and Administrative Law Judge...

Separating the cows from the trees: toward development of national definitions of forest and rangeland

Treesearch

H. Gyde Lund

2007-01-01

This paper introduces issues surrounding the need for national definitions of forest and rangeland, and it review types of definitions in use, reviews past agreements and their status, and finally gives recommendations as to what should be done next.

47 CFR 76.1000 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1000 Definitions. As used in this..., satellite cable programming vendors, satellite broadcast programming vendors, or terrestrial cable programming vendors will be attributed to their holders and may subject the interest holders to the rules of...

47 CFR 76.1000 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1000 Definitions. As used in this..., satellite cable programming vendors, satellite broadcast programming vendors, or terrestrial cable programming vendors will be attributed to their holders and may subject the interest holders to the rules of...

47 CFR 76.1000 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1000 Definitions. As used in this..., satellite cable programming vendors, satellite broadcast programming vendors, or terrestrial cable programming vendors will be attributed to their holders and may subject the interest holders to the rules of...

47 CFR 76.1000 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1000 Definitions. As used in this..., satellite cable programming vendors, satellite broadcast programming vendors, or terrestrial cable programming vendors will be attributed to their holders and may subject the interest holders to the rules of...

47 CFR 76.1000 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1000 Definitions. As used in this..., satellite cable programming vendors, satellite broadcast programming vendors, or terrestrial cable programming vendors will be attributed to their holders and may subject the interest holders to the rules of...

A Scoping Review of Scoping Reviews: Advancing the Approach and Enhancing the Consistency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pham, Mai T.; Rajic, Andrijana; Greig, Judy D.; Sargeant, Jan M.; Papadopoulos, Andrew; McEwen, Scott A.

2014-01-01

Background: The scoping review has become an increasingly popular approach for synthesizing research evidence. It is a relatively new approach for which a universal study definition or definitive procedure has not been established. The purpose of this scoping review was to provide an overview of scoping reviews in the literature. Methods: A…

Systematic Review of Cerebral Palsy Registries/Surveillance Groups: Relationships between Registry Characteristics and Knowledge Dissemination

PubMed Central

Hurley, Donna S; Sukal-Moulton, Theresa; Gaebler-Spira, Deborah; Krosschell, Kristin J; Pavone, Larissa; Mutlu, Akmer; Dewald, Julius PA; Msall, Michael E

2016-01-01

The aims of this study were to provide a comprehensive summary of the body of research disseminated by Cerebral Palsy (CP) registries and surveillance programs from January 2009 through May 2014 in order to describe the influence their results have on our overall understanding of CP. Secondly, registries/surveillance programs and the work they produced were evaluated and grouped using standardized definitions and classification systems. Method A systematic review search in PubMed, CINAH and Embase for original articles published from 1 January 2009 to 20 May 2014 originating from or supported by population based CP registries and surveillance programs or population based national registries including CP were included. Articles were grouped by 2009 World CP Registry Congress aim, registry/surveillance program classification, geographical region, and the International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF) domain. Registry variables were assessed using the ICF-CY classification. Results Literature searches returned 177 articles meeting inclusion criteria. The majority (69%) of registry/surveillance program productivity was related to contributions as a Resource for CP Research. Prevention (23%) and Surveillance (22%) articles were other areas of achievement, but fewer articles were published in the areas of Planning (17%) and Raising the Profile of CP (2%). There was a range of registry/surveillance program classifications contributing to this productivity, and representation from multiple areas of the globe, although most of the articles originated in Europe, Australia, and Canada. The domains of the ICF that were primarily covered included body structures and function at the early stages of life. Encouragingly, a variety of CP registry/surveillance program initiatives included additional ICF domains of participation and environmental and personal factors. Interpretation CP registries and surveillance programs, including novel non-traditional ones, have significantly contributed to the understanding of how CP affects individuals, families and society. Moving forward, the global CP registry/surveillance program community should continue to strive for uniformity in CP definitions, variables collected and consistency with international initiatives like the ICF so that databases can be consolidated for research use. Adaptation to new technologies can improve access, reduce cost and facilitate information transfer between registrants, researchers and registries/surveillance programs. Finally, increased efforts in documenting variables of individuals with CP into adulthood should be made in order to expand our understanding of CP across the lifespan. PMID:27790626

Rapid review programs to support health care and policy decision making: a descriptive analysis of processes and methods.

PubMed

Polisena, Julie; Garritty, Chantelle; Kamel, Chris; Stevens, Adrienne; Abou-Setta, Ahmed M

2015-03-14

Health care decision makers often need to make decisions in limited timeframes and cannot await the completion of a full evidence review. Rapid reviews (RRs), utilizing streamlined systematic review methods, are increasingly being used to synthesize the evidence with a shorter turnaround time. Our primary objective was to describe the processes and methods used internationally to produce RRs. In addition, we sought to understand the underlying themes associated with these programs. We contacted representatives of international RR programs from a broad realm in health care to gather information about the methods and processes used to produce RRs. The responses were summarized narratively to understand the characteristics associated with their processes and methods. The summaries were compared and contrasted to highlight potential themes and trends related to the different RR programs. Twenty-nine international RR programs were included in our sample with a broad organizational representation from academia, government, research institutions, and non-for-profit organizations. Responses revealed that the main objectives for RRs were to inform decision making with regards to funding health care technologies, services and policy, and program development. Central themes that influenced the methods used by RR programs, and report type and dissemination were the imposed turnaround time to complete a report, resources available, the complexity and sensitivity of the research topics, and permission from the requestor. Our study confirmed that there is no standard approach to conduct RRs. Differences in processes and methods across programs may be the result of the novelty of RR methods versus other types of evidence syntheses, customization of RRs for various decision makers, and definition of 'rapid' by organizations, since it impacts both the timelines and the evidence synthesis methods. Future research should investigate the impact of current RR methods and reporting to support informed health care decision making, the effects of potential biases that may be introduced with streamlined methods, and the effectiveness of RR reporting guidelines on transparency.

Self-management in patients with COPD: theoretical context, content, outcomes, and integration into clinical care.

PubMed

Kaptein, Ad A; Fischer, Maarten J; Scharloo, Margreet

2014-01-01

In this narrative review, we put self-management in the context of a 50-year history of research about how patients with COPD respond to their illness. We review a definition of self-management, and emphasize that self-management should be combined with disease management and the chronic care model in order to be effective. Reviewing the empirical status of self-management in COPD, we conclude that self-management is part and parcel of modern, patient-oriented biopsychosocial care. In pulmonary rehabilitation programs, self-management is instrumental in improving patients' functional status and quality of life. We conclude by emphasizing how studying the way persons with COPD make sense of their illness helps in refining self-management, and thereby patient-reported outcomes in COPD.

Self-management in patients with COPD: theoretical context, content, outcomes, and integration into clinical care

PubMed Central

Kaptein, Ad A; Fischer, Maarten J; Scharloo, Margreet

2014-01-01

In this narrative review, we put self-management in the context of a 50-year history of research about how patients with COPD respond to their illness. We review a definition of self-management, and emphasize that self-management should be combined with disease management and the chronic care model in order to be effective. Reviewing the empirical status of self-management in COPD, we conclude that self-management is part and parcel of modern, patient-oriented biopsychosocial care. In pulmonary rehabilitation programs, self-management is instrumental in improving patients’ functional status and quality of life. We conclude by emphasizing how studying the way persons with COPD make sense of their illness helps in refining self-management, and thereby patient-reported outcomes in COPD. PMID:25214777

How absolute is zero? An evaluation of historical and current definitions of malaria elimination.

PubMed

Cohen, Justin M; Moonen, Bruno; Snow, Robert W; Smith, David L

2010-07-22

Decisions to eliminate malaria from all or part of a country involve a complex set of factors, and this complexity is compounded by ambiguity surrounding some of the key terminology, most notably "control" and "elimination." It is impossible to forecast resource and operational requirements accurately if endpoints have not been defined clearly, yet even during the Global Malaria Eradication Program, debate raged over the precise definition of "eradication." Analogous deliberations regarding the meaning of "elimination" and "control" are basically nonexistent today despite these terms' core importance to programme planning. To advance the contemporary debate about these issues, this paper presents a historical review of commonly used terms, including control, elimination, and eradication, to help contextualize current understanding of these concepts. The review has been supported by analysis of the underlying mathematical concepts on which these definitions are based through simple branching process models that describe the proliferation of malaria cases following importation. Through this analysis, the importance of pragmatic definitions that are useful for providing malaria control and elimination programmes with a practical set of strategic milestones is emphasized, and it is argued that current conceptions of elimination in particular fail to achieve these requirements. To provide all countries with precise targets, new conceptual definitions are suggested to more precisely describe the old goals of "control" - here more exactly named "controlled low-endemic malaria" - and "elimination." Additionally, it is argued that a third state, called "controlled non-endemic malaria," is required to describe the epidemiological condition in which endemic transmission has been interrupted, but malaria resulting from onwards transmission from imported infections continues to occur at a sufficiently high level that elimination has not been achieved. Finally, guidelines are discussed for deriving the separate operational definitions and metrics that will be required to make these concepts relevant, measurable, and achievable for a particular environment.

48 CFR 226.370-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Institutions 226.370-2 Definitions. Definitions of HBCUs and MIs are in the clause at 252.226-7000, Notice of Historically Black College or University and Minority Institution Set-Aside. ...

40 CFR 35.662 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Pollution Prevention Grants (section 6605) § 35.662 Definitions. The following definition applies to the Pollution Prevention Grant program and to §§ 35.660...

40 CFR 35.662 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL ASSISTANCE STATE AND LOCAL ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Pollution Prevention Grants (section 6605) § 35.662 Definitions. The following definition applies to the Pollution Prevention Grant program and to §§ 35.660...

5 CFR 362.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 362.202 Section 362.202 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PATHWAYS PROGRAMS Internship Program § 362.202 Definitions. In this subpart: Student means an individual accepted for enrollment or...

5 CFR 362.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 362.202 Section 362.202 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PATHWAYS PROGRAMS Internship Program § 362.202 Definitions. In this subpart: Student means an individual accepted for enrollment or...

42 CFR 422.500 - Scope and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM Application Procedures and Contracts for Medicare Advantage Organizations § 422.500 Scope and definitions. (a) Scope. This subpart sets forth application... requirements of part 423 of this chapter specifically related to the prescription drug benefit. (b) Definitions...

28 CFR 345.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... work simulation programs and training opportunities for inmates confined in Federal correctional... inmate of work safety standards. (2) Full-time work status. A work schedule for an inmate consisting of... (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Definitions § 345.11 Definitions. (a) Federal Prison Industries, Inc. (FPI...

7 CFR 1416.301 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 1416.301 Section 1416.301 Agriculture... AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS 2006 EMERGENCY AGRICULTURAL DISASTER ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS Citrus Disaster Program § 1416.301 Definitions. Citrus means eligible citrus types that are those listed...

48 CFR 226.370-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Institutions 226.370-2 Definitions. Definitions of HBCUs and MIs are in the clause at 252.226-7000, Notice of Historically Black College or University and Minority Institution Set-Aside. ...

48 CFR 226.370-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Institutions 226.370-2 Definitions. Definitions of HBCUs and MIs are in the clause at 252.226-7000, Notice of Historically Black College or University and Minority Institution Set-Aside. ...

48 CFR 226.370-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Institutions 226.370-2 Definitions. Definitions of HBCUs and MIs are in the clause at 252.226-7000, Notice of Historically Black College or University and Minority Institution Set-Aside. ...

48 CFR 226.370-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Historically Black Colleges and Universities and Minority Institutions 226.370-2 Definitions. Definitions of HBCUs and MIs are in the clause at 252.226-7000, Notice of Historically Black College or University and Minority Institution Set-Aside. ...

2 kWe Solar Dynamic Ground Test Demonstration Project. Volume 2; Design Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, Dennis

1997-01-01

Critical Design Reviews (CDR's) were held on the Solar Dynamic Ground Test Demonstrator (SDGTD). This CDR summary report will provide the following information for each of the system components and the system integration: (1) A bibliography of design/design review documentation; (2) A summary of the major discussion issues from issues from each design review; (3) A definition of the component and system detail designs along with the bottom line from the supporting analysis; (4) Status and key results from pertinent development activities on-going in the CDR time period; (5) A brief description of planned testing; and (6) A discussion of issues stiff open at the completion of CDR. Appendix 1 to this report contains a listing and status (as of 28 June 1993) of all the action items generated during all SDGTD CDRs. The reader should remember that the SDGTD program is being conducted in an open communication forum, and program participants are encouraged to ask questions or request information. Team members are allowed and encouraged to participate in the reviews on an equal basis. No request for information, as long as it is within the work scope, is refused, so many action items are generated.

The Gifted Underachiever: Definitions and Identification Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shoff, Helen Garr

The paper reviews the literature of the last 25 years to determine the accepted definitions of giftedness, underachievement, and gifted underachiever. The evolution of the concepts of giftedness and underachievement is recounted and various definitions are compared. The paper describes an attempt made to locate, by further review, useful…

47 CFR 76.1300 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... definition of a multichannel video programming distributor set forth in paragraph (e) of this section, means... programming that: (1) Agrees to be financially liable for any fees due pursuant to a satellite cable programming, or satellite broadcast programming, contract which it signs as a contracting party as a...

The role of bacillus-based biological control agents in integrated pest management systems: plant diseases.

PubMed

Jacobsen, B J; Zidack, N K; Larson, B J

2004-11-01

ABSTRACT Bacillus-based biological control agents (BCAs) have great potential in integrated pest management (IPM) systems; however, relatively little work has been published on integration with other IPM management tools. Unfortunately, most research has focused on BCAs as alternatives to synthetic chemical fungicides or bactericides and not as part of an integrated management system. IPM has had many definitions and this review will use the national coalition for IPM definition: "A sustainable approach to managing pests by combining biological, cultural, physical and chemical tools in a way that minimizes economic, health and environmental risks." This review will examine the integrated use of Bacillus-based BCAs with disease management tools, including resistant cultivars, fungicides or bactericides, or other BCAs. This integration is important because the consistency and degree of disease control by Bacillus-based BCAs is rarely equal to the control afforded by the best fungicides or bactericides. In theory, integration of several tools brings stability to disease management programs. Integration of BCAs with other disease management tools often provides broader crop adaptation and both more efficacious and consistent levels of disease control. This review will also discuss the use of Bacillus-based BCAs in fungicide resistance management. Work with Bacillus thuringiensis and insect pest management is the exception to the relative paucity of reports but will not be the focus of this review.

Measuring persistence: A literature review focusing on methodological issues

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolfe, A.K.; Brown, M.A.; Trumble, D.

1995-03-01

This literature review was conducted as part of a larger project to produce a handbook on the measurement of persistence. The past decade has marked the development of the concept of persistence and a growing recognition that the long-term impacts of demand-side management (DSM) programs warrant careful assessment. Although Increasing attention has been paid to the topic of persistence, no clear consensus has emerged either about its definition or about the methods most appropriate for its measurement and analysis. This project strives to fill that gap by reviewing the goals, terminology, and methods of past persistence studies. It was conductedmore » from the perspective of a utility that seeks to acquire demand-side resources and is interested in their long-term durability; it was not conducted from the perspective of the individual consumer. Over 30 persistence studies, articles, and protocols were examined for this report. The review begins by discussing the underpinnings of persistence studies: namely, the definitions of persistence and the purposes of persistence studies. Then. it describes issues relevant to both the collection and analysis of data on the persistence of energy and demand savings. Findings from persistence studies also are summarized. Throughout the review, four studies are used repeatedly to illustrate different methodological and analytical approaches to persistence so that readers can track the data collection. data analysis, and findings of a set of comprehensive studies that represent alternative approaches.« less

Focus on the post-DVD formats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Hong; Wei, Jingsong

2005-09-01

As the digital TV(DTV) technologies are developing rapidly on its standard system, hardware desktop, software model, and interfaces between DTV and the home net, High Definition TV (HDTV) program worldwide broadcasting is scheduled. Enjoying high quality TV program at home is not a far-off dream for people. As for the main recording media, what would the main stream be for the optical storage technology to meet the HDTV requirements is becoming a great concern. At present, there are a few kinds of Post-DVD formats which are competing on technology, standard and market. Here we give a review on the co-existing Post-DVD formats in the world. We will discuss on the basic parameters for optical disk, video /audio coding strategy and system performance for HDTV program.

34 CFR 668.2 - General definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1078-1) Federal Work Study (FWS) program: The part-time employment program for students... years of full-time study either prior to entrance into the program or as part of the program itself... the definition of a full-time student. (2) A student enrolled solely in a program of study by...

34 CFR 668.2 - General definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1078-1) Federal Work Study (FWS) program: The part-time employment program for students... years of full-time study either prior to entrance into the program or as part of the program itself... the definition of a full-time student. (2) A student enrolled solely in a program of study by...

34 CFR 668.2 - General definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1078-1) Federal Work Study (FWS) program: The part-time employment program for students... years of full-time study either prior to entrance into the program or as part of the program itself... the definition of a full-time student. (2) A student enrolled solely in a program of study by...

34 CFR 668.2 - General definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1078-1) Federal Work Study (FWS) program: The part-time employment program for students... years of full-time study either prior to entrance into the program or as part of the program itself... the definition of a full-time student. (2) A student enrolled solely in a program of study by...

40 CFR 35.662 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ASSISTANCE Environmental Program Grants for Tribes Pollution Prevention Grants (section 6605) § 35.662 Definitions. The following definition applies to the Pollution Prevention Grant program and to §§ 35.660 through 35.669: (a) Pollution prevention/source reduction is any practice that: (1) Reduces the amount of...

40 CFR 35.3505 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ASSISTANCE Drinking Water State Revolving Funds § 35.3505 Definitions. The following definitions apply to terms used in this subpart: Act. The Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law 93-523), as amended in 1996... State's bank. CWSRF program. Each State's clean water state revolving fund program authorized under...

40 CFR 35.3505 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ASSISTANCE Drinking Water State Revolving Funds § 35.3505 Definitions. The following definitions apply to terms used in this subpart: Act. The Safe Drinking Water Act (Public Law 93-523), as amended in 1996... State's bank. CWSRF program. Each State's clean water state revolving fund program authorized under...

28 CFR 545.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 545.21 Section 545.21... COMPENSATION Inmate Work and Performance Pay Program § 545.21 Definitions. (a) Physically and mentally able... work assignments are ordinarily made in conjunction with drug treatment programming, education, and/or...

40 CFR 146.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: CRITERIA AND STANDARDS General Provisions § 146.3 Definitions. The following definitions apply to the underground injection control program. Abandoned well means a well whose use has been... Part B of the RCRA application). Aquifer means a geological formation, group of formations, or part of...

40 CFR 146.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: CRITERIA AND STANDARDS General Provisions § 146.3 Definitions. The following definitions apply to the underground injection control program. Abandoned well means a well whose use has been... Part B of the RCRA application). Aquifer means a geological formation, group of formations, or part of...

40 CFR 146.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... INJECTION CONTROL PROGRAM: CRITERIA AND STANDARDS General Provisions § 146.3 Definitions. The following definitions apply to the underground injection control program. Abandoned well means a well whose use has been... Part B of the RCRA application). Aquifer means a geological formation, group of formations, or part of...

42 CFR 1001.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 1001.2 Section 1001.2 Public Health OFFICE OF INSPECTOR GENERAL-HEALTH CARE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES OIG AUTHORITIES PROGRAM INTEGRITY-MEDICARE AND STATE HEALTH CARE PROGRAMS General Provisions § 1001.2 Definitions. Controlled...

Fusion Simulation Program Definition. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cary, John R.

2012-09-05

We have completed our contributions to the Fusion Simulation Program Definition Project. Our contributions were in the overall planning with concentration in the definition of the area of Software Integration and Support. We contributed to the planning of multiple meetings, and we contributed to multiple planning documents.

Police AED programs: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Husain, Sofia; Eisenberg, Mickey

2013-09-01

Approximately 359,400 out-of-hospital cardiac arrests occur in the United States every year, and around 60% of them are treated by emergency medical services (EMS) personnel. In order to alleviate the impact of this public health burden, some communities have trained police officers as first responders so that they can provide cardiopulmonary resuscitation and defibrillation to cardiac arrest patients. This paper is a review of the current literature on the impact of police automated external defibrillators (AEDs) programs in these communities. A literature search of electronic journal databases was conducted to identify articles that evaluated police AED programs and quantified survival rates. The 10 articles that met the inclusion criteria were very heterogeneous in terms of study design, controlling for confounders, outcome definitions, and comparison groups. Two communities found a statistically significant difference in survival and 6 studies reported a statistically significant difference in time to defibrillation after the implementation of these programs. The weighted mean survival rate of the study groups was higher than that of the control groups (p<0.001), as was the weighted mean survival rate of the group first shocked by police compared to those first shocked by EMS (39.4% vs. 28.6%, p<0.001). The pooled relative risk of survival was 1.4 (95% CI: 1.3-1.6). Though there are many challenges in initiating these programs, this literature review shows that time to defibrillation decreased and survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests increased with the implementation of police AED programs. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Installation Restoration Program. Phase II. Confirmation/Quantification. Stage 1 for Tinker AFB, Oklahoma. Volume 2. Appendices,

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-09-01

Special Olt 9-; ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J -..-- w--- ’- V - V --y a - . . . . . . RADIAN APPENDIX A Definitions, Nomenclatures and Units A- i . -- 5. . -, - - STAGED...contaminatg ed 11 a thei±r~ iMei S-t.r-roundlin. Review the u f -r Ai Force investigationa. These *r-esu I.ts shall~ I & prvie une eatcvr B-5 -9 V q M I ...results or highly complicated nonlinear mathematical modeling , should * be precise, clear and technically defendable. This section should clearly

Performance characteristics of CCDs for the ACIS experiment. [Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility CCD Imaging Spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garmire, Gordon P.; Nousek, John; Burrows, David; Ricker, George; Bautz, Mark; Doty, John; Collins, Stewart; Janesick, James

1988-01-01

The search for the optimum CCD to be used at the focal surface of the Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility (AXAF) is described. The physics of the interaction of X-rays in silicon through the photoelectric effect is reviewed. CCD technology at the beginning of the AXAF definition phase is summarized, and the results of the CCD enhancement program are discussed. Other sources of optimum CCDs are examined, and CCD enhancements made at MIT Lincoln Laboratory are addressed.

Expert system isssues in automated, autonomous space vehicle rendezvous

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodwin, Mary Ann; Bochsler, Daniel C.

1987-01-01

The problems involved in automated autonomous rendezvous are briefly reviewed, and the Rendezvous Expert (RENEX) expert system is discussed with reference to its goals, approach used, and knowledge structure and contents. RENEX has been developed to support streamlining operations for the Space Shuttle and Space Station program and to aid definition of mission requirements for the autonomous portions of rendezvous for the Mars Surface Sample Return and Comet Nucleus Sample return unmanned missions. The experience with REMEX to date and recommendations for further development are presented.

Space Station Freedom secondary power wiring requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sawyer, C. R.

1994-01-01

Secondary power is produced by DDCU's (direct current to direct current converter units) and routed to and through secondary power distribution assemblies (SPDA's) to loads or tertiary distribution assemblies. This presentation outlines requirements of Space Station Freedom (SSF) EEE (electrical, electronic, and electromechanical) parts wire and the approved electrical wire and cable. The SSF PDRD (Program Definition and Requirements Document) language problems and resolution are reviewed. The cable routing to and from the SPDA's is presented as diagrams and the wire recommendations and characteristics are given.

Contact Allergy Cross-reactions: Retrospective Clinical Data and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Scheman, Andrew; Hipolito, Ricky; Severson, David; Youkhanis, Nineveh

We discuss cross-reactions that can occur when a patient allergic to a specific allergen also reacts to a similar allergen. Currently, The American Contact Dermatitis Society Contact Allergy Management Program, which allows physicians to identify safe products for their patients, uses a 10% threshold to distinguish significant cross-reactors. New clinical data from a patch testing center along with previous data in the literature are analyzed to help determine whether current cross-reactor definitions are reasonable or should be altered.

Particles, Cutoffs and Inequivalent Representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Egg, Matthias; Lam, Vincent; Oldofredi, Andrea

2017-03-01

We critically review the recent debate between Doreen Fraser and David Wallace on the interpretation of quantum field theory, with the aim of identifying where the core of the disagreement lies. We show that, despite appearances, their conflict does not concern the existence of particles or the occurrence of unitarily inequivalent representations. Instead, the dispute ultimately turns on the very definition of what a quantum field theory is. We further illustrate the fundamental differences between the two approaches by comparing them both to the Bohmian program in quantum field theory.

7 CFR 1951.252 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM....252 Definitions. Commercial classified. The Agency's highest quality Farm Credit Programs (FCP... the loans as a profitable investment. Farm Credit Programs (FCP) loans. FSA Farm Ownership (FO...

7 CFR 1951.252 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, AND FARM SERVICE AGENCY, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) PROGRAM....252 Definitions. Commercial classified. The Agency's highest quality Farm Credit Programs (FCP... the loans as a profitable investment. Farm Credit Programs (FCP) loans. FSA Farm Ownership (FO...

48 CFR 726.7002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Disadvantaged Enterprises Program 726.7002 Definitions. (a) Controlled by socially and economically disadvantaged individuals means management and daily business are... disadvantaged individuals (as defined in this section) and that has its management and daily business controlled...

An Overview of Factors Associated with Adherence to Lifestyle Modification Programs for Weight Management in Adults

PubMed Central

Chan, Ruth S. M.; Sea, Mandy M. M.

2017-01-01

This review aims to provide an overview of the factors associated with adherence reported in existing literature on lifestyle modification programs for weight management among the adult population. An electronic search was performed using PubMed, Medline, PsycINFO and PsycARTICLE to identify studies that examined the factors of adherence to lifestyle modification programs with explicit definition of adherence indicators. We identified 19 studies published between 2004 and 2016. The most commonly used indicator of adherence was attrition, followed by attendance, self-monitoring and dietary adherence. A broad array of factors has been studied but only few studies exploring each factor. Limited evidence suggested older age, higher education, healthier eating and physical activity behaviours, higher stage of change at baseline and higher initial weight loss may predict better adherence. On the other hand, having depression, stress, strong body shape concern, more previous weight loss attempts and being unemployed may predict poor adherence. Inconsistent findings were obtained for self-efficacy, motivation and male gender. This review highlights the need for more rigorous studies to enhance our knowledge on factors related to adherence. Identification of the factors of adherence could provide important implication for program improvement, ultimately improving the effectiveness and the cost-effectiveness of lifestyle modification program. PMID:28813030

Sexual harassment.

PubMed

Sbraga, T P; O'Donohue, W

2000-01-01

We review the current state of sexual harassment theory, research, treatment, and prevention. Definitional problems and implications are discussed. An examination of the epidemiology of sexual harassment is presented, highlighting correlates that include characteristics of the organizational environment, the perpetrator, and the recipient of unwanted sexual behavior. Normative responses to sexual harassment and consequences are discussed. Descriptions of the most prevalent models of sexual harassment are offered and the empirical evidence for them is briefly reviewed. From there, the effect of model development and evaluation on the prevention and treatment of sexual harassment is considered. We comment on the steps that would need to be taken to develop viable prevention and treatment programs. Suggestions for fruitful avenues of research and theory development are offered.

The definition of polytrauma: the need for international consensus.

PubMed

Butcher, Nerida; Balogh, Zsolt J

2009-11-01

Polytrauma patients represent the ultimate challenge to trauma care and the optimisation of their care is a major focus of clinical and basic science research. A universally accepted definition for polytrauma is vital for comparing datasets and conducting multicentre trials. The purpose of this review is to identify and evaluate the published definitions of the term "polytrauma". A literature search was conducted for the time period January 1950-August 2008. The Medline, Embase and Cochrane Library databases were searched using the keyword "polytrauma". Articles were evaluated without language exclusion for the occurrence of the word "polytrauma" in the text and the presence of a subsequent definition. Relevant online resources and medical dictionaries were also reviewed. A total of 1,665 publications used the term polytrauma, 47 of which included a definition of the term. The available definitions can be divided into eight groups according to the crux of the definition. No uniformly used consensus definition exists. None of the existing definitions were found to be validated or supported by evidence higher than Level 4. This review identified the lack of a validated or consensus definition of the term polytrauma. The international trauma community should consider establishing a consensus definition for polytrauma, which could be validated prospectively and serve as a basis for future research.

Health literacy and public health: a systematic review and integration of definitions and models.

PubMed

Sørensen, Kristine; Van den Broucke, Stephan; Fullam, James; Doyle, Gerardine; Pelikan, Jürgen; Slonska, Zofia; Brand, Helmut

2012-01-25

Health literacy concerns the knowledge and competences of persons to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. Although its importance is increasingly recognised, there is no consensus about the definition of health literacy or about its conceptual dimensions, which limits the possibilities for measurement and comparison. The aim of the study is to review definitions and models on health literacy to develop an integrated definition and conceptual model capturing the most comprehensive evidence-based dimensions of health literacy. A systematic literature review was performed to identify definitions and conceptual frameworks of health literacy. A content analysis of the definitions and conceptual frameworks was carried out to identify the central dimensions of health literacy and develop an integrated model. The review resulted in 17 definitions of health literacy and 12 conceptual models. Based on the content analysis, an integrative conceptual model was developed containing 12 dimensions referring to the knowledge, motivation and competencies of accessing, understanding, appraising and applying health-related information within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion setting, respectively. Based upon this review, a model is proposed integrating medical and public health views of health literacy. The model can serve as a basis for developing health literacy enhancing interventions and provide a conceptual basis for the development and validation of measurement tools, capturing the different dimensions of health literacy within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion settings.

48 CFR 819.7102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS VA Mentor-Protégé Program 819.7102 Definitions. (a) A Mentor is a... designed to enhance the business success of the protégé. A mentor may be a large or small business concern..., including the Mentor-Protégé Program. (c) Program refers to the VA Mentor-Protégé Program as described in...

47 CFR 76.1300 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 76.1300 Section 76.1300... definition of a multichannel video programming distributor set forth in paragraph (e) of this section, means... programming that: (1) Agrees to be financially liable for any fees due pursuant to a satellite cable...

Cryogenic fluid management program flight concept definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kroeger, Erich

1987-01-01

The Lewis Research Center's cryogenic fluid management program flight concept definition is presented in viewgraph form. Diagrams are given of the cryogenic fluid management subpallet and its configuration with the Delta launch vehicle. Information is given in outline form on feasibility studies, requirements definition, and flight experiments design.

32 CFR 321.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 321.2 Section 321.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.2 Definitions. (a) All terms used in this part which are...

32 CFR 321.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 321.2 Section 321.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.2 Definitions. (a) All terms used in this part which are...

32 CFR 321.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 321.2 Section 321.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.2 Definitions. (a) All terms used in this part which are...

32 CFR 321.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 321.2 Section 321.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.2 Definitions. (a) All terms used in this part which are...

32 CFR 321.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 321.2 Section 321.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.2 Definitions. (a) All terms used in this part which are...

45 CFR 95.703 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 95.703 Section 95.703 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION GENERAL ADMINISTRATION-GRANT PROGRAMS (PUBLIC... Public Assistance Programs § 95.703 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Acquisition cost of an item of...

Toward a functional definition of a "rare disease" for regulatory authorities and funding agencies.

PubMed

Clarke, Joe T R; Coyle, Doug; Evans, Gerald; Martin, Janet; Winquist, Eric

2014-12-01

The designation of a disease as "rare" is associated with some substantial benefits for companies involved in new drug development, including expedited review by regulatory authorities and relaxed criteria for reimbursement. How "rare disease" is defined therefore has major financial implications, both for pharmaceutical companies and for insurers or public drug reimbursement programs. All existing definitions are based, somewhat arbitrarily, on disease incidence or prevalence. What is proposed here is a functional definition of rare based on an assessment of the feasibility of measuring the efficacy of a new treatment in conventional randomized controlled trials, to inform regulatory authorities and funding agencies charged with assessing new therapies being considered for public funding. It involves a five-step process, involving significant negotiations between patient advocacy groups, pharmaceutical companies, physicians, and public drug reimbursement programs, designed to establish the feasibility of carrying out a randomized controlled trial with sufficient statistical power to show a clinically significant treatment effect. The steps are as follows: 1) identification of a specific disease, including appropriate genetic definition; 2) identification of clinically relevant outcomes to evaluate efficacy; 3) establishment of the inherent variability of measurements of clinically relevant outcomes; 4) calculation of the sample size required to assess the efficacy of a new treatment with acceptable statistical power; and 5) estimation of the difficulty of recruiting an adequate sample size given the estimated prevalence or incidence of the disorder in the population and the inclusion criteria to be used. Copyright © 2014 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Humanistic psychology and rehabilitation programs in mental hospitals.

PubMed

Steele, R L

1976-07-01

A humanistic growth-oriented theory, specifically Maslow's need-satisfaction theory, was used as a basis for examining the contributions work and employment make toward rehabilitation of the state mental hospital patient. Research literature reviewed indicated that if the rehabilitation program is to be viable and optimally effective, satisfying the belongingness and esteem needs of the patient is important. Research that stresses the therapeutic benefit of work, as well as research that raises the issue of workshops inhibiting independence and fostering dependence are presented. Modifications of rehabilitation programs that resulted in reports of increased program effectiveness are discussed. Fundamental features of these alternative or ancillary programs were: 1. a definite structure that allows various levels of advancement; 2. group participation; 3. patient initiative; 4. an orientation that reflects the competitive nature of employment; and 5. early community involvement. The importance of evaluating each client's needs and planning for growth before his/her job placement is considered vital to the program and to the individual.

An Analysis of Factors Affecting Mature Age Students' Academic Success in Undergraduate Nursing Programs: A Critical Literature Review.

PubMed

Hayden, Lisa J; Jeong, Sarah Y; Norton, Carol A

2016-01-01

The population of mature age students entering university nursing programs has steadily increased in both Australia and worldwide. The objective of the literature review was to explore how mature age students perform academically and to analyse the factors associated with their academic performance in nursing programs. A literature search was conducted in the following databases: CINAHL, ProQuest, Medline, Cochrane, Mosby's Index, Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI), and Scopus. Twenty-six (26) research papers published between 2000 and 2014 have met the selection criteria of this review. The key themes identified include; 1) ambiguity in definition of mature age and academic success, 2) age and academic success, 3) intrinsic factors (life experiences, emotional intelligence, and motivation and volition), and 4) extrinsic factors (peer, academic and family support; and learning style, components of the modules and mode of delivery). Current literature provides evidence that mature age nursing students perform at a higher level within the methodological issues discussed in this paper. Future research is warranted to advance the understanding of the complex relationship between extrinsic and intrinsic factors of mature age students and their academic success in higher education. Nursing educators will benefit from novel evidence, ideas and opportunities to explore and implement in nursing education.

20 CFR 404.1502 - General definitions and terms for this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General definitions and terms for this... definitions and terms for this subpart. As used in the subpart— Acceptable medical source refers to one of the... administrative review process, and at the Federal reviewing official, administrative law judge, and Decision...

Toward a definition of colonic inertia

PubMed Central

Bassotti, Gabrio; de Roberto, Giuseppe; Sediari, Luca; Morelli, Antonio

2004-01-01

Chronic constipation is a relatively frequent symptom; among its subtypes, the so called-colonic inertia represents a disease condition that is often considered for surgery. However, to date, there has been no agreement on definition of colonic inertia, and a literature review showed that this definition was given to numerous entities that differ from each other. In this paper these concepts are reviewed and a more stringent definition of colonic inertia is proposed. PMID:15300885

47 CFR 79.1 - Closed captioning of video programming.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Closed captioning of video programming. 79.1... CLOSED CAPTIONING AND VIDEO DESCRIPTION OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING § 79.1 Closed captioning of video programming. (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply: (1) Video...

47 CFR 79.1 - Closed captioning of video programming.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Closed captioning of video programming. 79.1... CLOSED CAPTIONING AND VIDEO DESCRIPTION OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING § 79.1 Closed captioning of video programming. (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply: (1) Video...

47 CFR 79.1 - Closed captioning of video programming.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Closed captioning of video programming. 79.1... CLOSED CAPTIONING AND VIDEO DESCRIPTION OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING § 79.1 Closed captioning of video programming. (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply: (1) Video...

47 CFR 79.1 - Closed captioning of video programming.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Closed captioning of video programming. 79.1... CLOSED CAPTIONING AND VIDEO DESCRIPTION OF VIDEO PROGRAMMING § 79.1 Closed captioning of video programming. (a) Definitions. For purposes of this section the following definitions shall apply: (1) Video...

Usefulness of two clinical chorioamnionitis definitions in predicting neonatal infectious outcomes: a systematic review.

PubMed

Avila, Cecilia; Willins, Jennifer L; Jackson, Matthew; Mathai, Jacob; Jabsky, Marina; Kong, Alex; Callaghan, Fiona; Ishkin, Selda; Shroyer, A Laurie W

2015-09-01

To assess the usefulness of two definitions of acute clinical chorioamnionitis (ACCA) in predicting risk of neonatal infectious outcomes (NIO) and mortality, the first definition requiring maternal fever alone (Fever), and the second requiring ≥ 1 Gibbs criterion besides fever (Fever + 1). PubMed, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched from January 1, 1979 to April 9, 2013. Twelve studies were reviewed (of 316 articles identified): three studies with term patients, four with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) patients, and five mixed studies with mixed gestational ages and/or membrane status (intact and/or ruptured). Both definitions demonstrated an increased NIO risk for ACCA versus non-ACCA patients, with an odds ratio increase for the Fever + 1 definition that was about twofold larger than the Fever definition. As the Fever definition demonstrated increased NIO risk for ACCA versus non-ACCA patients, the Fever alone ACCA definition should be used to trigger future clinical treatment in many clinical situations. Thieme Medical Publishers 333 Seventh Avenue, New York, NY 10001, USA.

Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 3.34): Programmer's Guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Justus, C. G.; James, Bonnie F.; Johnson, Dale L.

1996-01-01

This is a programmer's guide for the Mars Global Reference Atmospheric Model (Mars-GRAM 3.34). Included are a brief history and review of the model since its origin in 1988 and a technical discussion of recent additions and modifications. Examples of how to run both the interactive and batch (subroutine) forms are presented. Instructions are provided on how to customize output of the model for various parameters of the Mars atmosphere. Detailed descriptions are given of the main driver programs, subroutines, and associated computational methods. Lists and descriptions include input, output, and local variables in the programs. These descriptions give a summary of program steps and 'map' of calling relationships among the subroutines. Definitions are provided for the variables passed between subroutines through common lists. Explanations are provided for all diagnostic and progress messages generated during execution of the program. A brief outline of future plans for Mars-GRAM is also presented.

42 CFR 51b.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICES Grants for Childhood Immunization Programs § 51b.202 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Childhood immunization program means a preventive health service program to immunize children against vaccine preventable diseases including poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, and...

42 CFR 51b.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICES Grants for Childhood Immunization Programs § 51b.202 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Childhood immunization program means a preventive health service program to immunize children against vaccine preventable diseases including poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, and...

42 CFR 51b.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICES Grants for Childhood Immunization Programs § 51b.202 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Childhood immunization program means a preventive health service program to immunize children against vaccine preventable diseases including poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, and...

42 CFR 51b.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICES Grants for Childhood Immunization Programs § 51b.202 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Childhood immunization program means a preventive health service program to immunize children against vaccine preventable diseases including poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, and...

42 CFR 51b.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... HEALTH SERVICES Grants for Childhood Immunization Programs § 51b.202 Definitions. As used in this subpart: Childhood immunization program means a preventive health service program to immunize children against vaccine preventable diseases including poliomyelitis, measles, mumps, rubella, diphtheria, pertussis, and...

77 FR 48733 - Transitional Program for Covered Business Method Patents-Definitions of Covered Business Method...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-14

... Office 37 CFR Part 42 Transitional Program for Covered Business Method Patents--Definitions of Covered Business Method Patent and Technological Invention; Final Rule #0;#0;Federal Register / Vol. 77 , No. 157... Business Method Patents-- Definitions of Covered Business Method Patent and Technological Invention AGENCY...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS SPECIAL APPLE LOAN PROGRAM § 773.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the following definitions apply: Agency is the Farm Service Agency, its employees, and any successor agency. Apple producer is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres...

7 CFR 3570.53 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 15 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 3570.53 Section 3570.53 Agriculture... COMMUNITY PROGRAMS Community Facilities Grant Program § 3570.53 Definitions. Agency. The Rural Housing... assistance. Poverty line. The level of income for a family of four as defined by section 673(2) of the...

24 CFR 280.5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 280.5 Section 280.5... GRANT PROGRAMS NEHEMIAH HOUSING OPPORTUNITY GRANTS PROGRAM § 280.5 Definitions. As used in this part... basis of one or more significant features such as: (a) Natural or man-made boundaries; (b) A locally...

34 CFR 660.4 - What definitions apply to the International Research and Studies Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to the International Research... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION THE INTERNATIONAL RESEARCH AND STUDIES PROGRAM General § 660.4 What definitions apply to the International Research and Studies...

42 CFR 422.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 422.2 Section 422.2 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM (CONTINUED) MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM General Provisions § 422.2 Definitions. As used in this part— Arrangement means a written agreement...

42 CFR 422.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 422.2 Section 422.2 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM (CONTINUED) MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM General Provisions § 422.2 Definitions. As used in this part— Arrangement means a written agreement...

42 CFR 422.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 422.2 Section 422.2 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM (CONTINUED) MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM General Provisions § 422.2 Definitions. As used in this part— Arrangement means a written agreement...

7 CFR 3430.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Sun Grant Program § 3430.1002 Definitions. The definitions specific to the Sun Grant Program are from... biomass as a feedstock. Center means a Sun Grant Center identified in § 3430.1003(a)(1) through (5.... Subcenter means the Sun Grant Subcenter identified in § 3430.1003(a)(6). Technology development means the...

7 CFR 3430.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Sun Grant Program § 3430.1002 Definitions. The definitions specific to the Sun Grant Program are from... biomass as a feedstock. Center means a Sun Grant Center identified in § 3430.1003(a)(1) through (5.... Subcenter means the Sun Grant Subcenter identified in § 3430.1003(a)(6). Technology development means the...

7 CFR 3430.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Sun Grant Program § 3430.1002 Definitions. The definitions specific to the Sun Grant Program are from... biomass as a feedstock. Center means a Sun Grant Center identified in § 3430.1003(a)(1) through (5.... Subcenter means the Sun Grant Subcenter identified in § 3430.1003(a)(6). Technology development means the...

7 CFR 3430.1002 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Sun Grant Program § 3430.1002 Definitions. The definitions specific to the Sun Grant Program are from... biomass as a feedstock. Center means a Sun Grant Center identified in § 3430.1003(a)(1) through (5.... Subcenter means the Sun Grant Subcenter identified in § 3430.1003(a)(6). Technology development means the...

34 CFR 611.1 - What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM General Provisions § 611.1 What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality Enhancement...

34 CFR 611.1 - What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM General Provisions § 611.1 What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality Enhancement...

34 CFR 611.1 - What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality Enhancement Grants Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality... Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION TEACHER QUALITY ENHANCEMENT GRANTS PROGRAM General Provisions § 611.1 What definitions apply to the Teacher Quality Enhancement...

Space Station reference configuration description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The data generated by the Space Station Program Skunk Works over a period of 4 months which supports the definition of a Space Station reference configuration is documented. The data were generated to meet these objectives: (1) provide a focal point for the definition and assessment of program requirements; (2) establish a basis for estimating program cost; and (3) define a reference configuration in sufficient detail to allow its inclusion in the definition phase Request for Proposal (RFP).

Instability in Thoracolumbar Trauma: Is a New Definition Warranted?

PubMed

Abbasi Fard, Salman; Skoch, Jesse; Avila, Mauricio J; Patel, Apar S; Sattarov, Kamran V; Walter, Christina M; Baaj, Ali A

2017-10-01

Review of the articles. The objective of this study was to review all articles related to spinal instability to determine a consensus statement for a contemporary, practical definition applicable to thoracolumbar injuries. Traumatic fractures of the thoracolumbar spine are common. These injuries can result in neurological deficits, disability, deformity, pain, and represent a great economic burden to society. The determination of spinal instability is an important task for spine surgeons, as treatment strategies rely heavily on this assessment. However, a clinically applicable definition of spinal stability remains elusive. A review of the Medline database between 1930 and 2014 was performed limited to papers in English. Spinal instability, thoracolumbar, and spinal stability were used as search terms. Case reports were excluded. We reviewed listed references from pertinent search results and located relevant manuscripts from these lists as well. The search produced a total of 694 published articles. Twenty-five articles were eligible after abstract screening and underwent full review. A definition for spinal instability was described in only 4 of them. Definitions were primarily based on biomechanical and classification studies. No definitive parameters were outlined to define stability. Thirty-six years after White and Panjabi's original definition of instability, and many classification schemes later, there remains no practical and meaningful definition for spinal instability in thoracolumbar trauma. Surgeon expertise and experience remains an important factor in stability determination. We propose that, at an initial assessment, a distinction should be made between immediate and delayed instability. This designation should better guide surgeons in decision making and patient counseling.

Toward a definition of colonic inertia.

PubMed

Bassotti, Gabrio; Roberto, Giuseppe-De; Sediari, Luca; Morelli, Antonio

2004-09-01

Chronic constipation is a relatively frequent symptom; among its subtypes, the so called-colonic inertia represents a disease condition that is often considered for surgery. However, to date, there has been no agreement on definition of colonic inertia, and a literature review showed that this definition was given to numerous entities that differ from each other. In this paper these concepts are reviewed and a more stringent definition of colonic inertia is proposed. Copyright 2004 The WJG Press ISSN

Diabetes in pregnancy outcomes: a systematic review and proposed codification of definitions.

PubMed

Feig, Denice S; Corcoy, Rosa; Jensen, Dorte Moller; Kautzky-Willer, Alexandra; Nolan, Christopher J; Oats, Jeremy J N; Sacks, David A; Caimari, Francisca; McIntyre, H David

2015-10-01

Rising rates of diabetes in pregnancy have led to an escalation in research in this area. As in any area of clinical research, definitions of outcomes vary from study to study, making it difficult to compare research findings and draw conclusions. Our aim was to compile and create a repository of definitions, which could then be used universally. A systematic review of the literature was performed on published and ongoing randomized controlled trials in the area of diabetes in pregnancy between 01 Jan 2000 and 01 Jun 2012. Other sources included the World Health Organization and Academic Society Statements. The advice of experts was sought when appropriate definitions were lacking. Among the published randomized controlled trials on diabetes and pregnancy, 171 abstracts were retrieved, 64 full texts were reviewed and 53 were included. Among the ongoing randomized controlled trials published in ClinicalTrials.gov, 90 protocols were retrieved and 25 were finally included. The definitions from these were assembled and the final maternal definitions and foetal definitions were agreed upon by consensus. It is our hope that the definitions we have provided (i) will be widely used in the reporting of future studies in the area of diabetes in pregnancy, that they will (ii) facilitate future systematic reviews and formal meta analyses and (iii) ultimately improve outcomes for mothers and babies. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

76 FR 42078 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Texas; Revisions to the New Source Review (NSR...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-18

..., and new versions were submitted to EPA on July 22, 1998. This definition was later recodified from 30... Subparagraphs (C) and (D) of that definition for consistency with the CAA, NSR regulations for new and modified... definition ``modification of existing facility.'' EPA is currently reviewing the proposal on Subparagraph (G...

Who Are "Non-Traditional Students"? A Systematic Review of Published Definitions in Research on Mental Health of Tertiary Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chung, Ethel; Turnbull, Deborah; Chur-Hansen, Anna

2014-01-01

The term "non-traditional students" is commonly used in higher education research and yet its definition has been unclear. This study systematically reviewed 45 definitions of "non-traditional student" in mental health research conducted within the higher education context using a standardised data extraction and appraisal…

What Is Real-World Data? A Review of Definitions Based on Literature and Stakeholder Interviews.

PubMed

Makady, Amr; de Boer, Anthonius; Hillege, Hans; Klungel, Olaf; Goettsch, Wim

Despite increasing recognition of the value of real-world data (RWD), consensus on the definition of RWD is lacking. To review definitions publicly available for RWD to shed light on similarities and differences between them. A literature review and stakeholder interviews were used to compile data from eight groups of stakeholders. Data from documents and interviews were subjected to coding analysis. Definitions identified were classified into four categories: 1) data collected in a non-randomized controlled trial setting, 2) data collected in a non-interventional/non-controlled setting, 3) data collected in a non-experimental setting, and 4) others (i.e., data that do not fit into the other three categories). The frequency of definitions identified per category was recorded. Fifty-three documents and 20 interviews were assessed. Thirty-eight definitions were identified: 20 out of 38 definitions (53%) were category 1 definitions, 9 (24%) were category 2 definitions, 5 (13%) were category 3 definitions, and 4 (11%) were category 4 definitions. Differences were identified between, and within, definition categories. For example, opinions differed on the aspects of intervention with which non-interventional/non-controlled settings should abide. No definitions were provided in two interviews or identified in 33 documents. Most of the definitions defined RWD as data collected in a non-randomized controlled trial setting. A considerable number of definitions, however, diverged from this concept. Moreover, a significant number of authors and stakeholders did not have an official, institutional definition for RWD. Persisting variability in stakeholder definitions of RWD may lead to disparities among different stakeholders when discussing RWD use in decision making. Copyright © 2017 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Quantitative Proteomic Analysis of Hemogenic Endothelium Reveals Differential Regulation of Hematopoiesis by SOX17

PubMed Central

Clarke, Raedun L.; Robitaille, Aaron M.; Moon, Randall T.; Keller, Gordon

2015-01-01

Summary The in vitro derivation of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) from pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) is complicated by the existence of multiple overlapping embryonic blood cell programs called primitive, erythromyeloid progenitor (EMP), and definitive. As HSCs are only generated during the definitive stage of hematopoiesis, deciphering the regulatory pathways that control the emergence of this program and identifying markers that distinguish it from the other programs are essential. To identify definitive specific pathways and marker sets, we used label-free proteomics to determine the proteome of embryo-derived and mouse embryonic stem cell-derived VE-CADHERIN+CD45− definitive hematopoietic progenitors. With this approach, we identified Stat1 as a marker that distinguishes the definitive erythroid lineage from the primitive- and EMP-derived lineages. Additionally, we provide evidence that the generation of the Stat1+ definitive lineage is dependent on Sox17. These findings establish an approach for monitoring the emergence of definitive hematopoiesis in the PSC differentiation cultures. PMID:26267830

42 CFR 455.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS PROGRAM INTEGRITY: MEDICAID § 455.2 Definitions. As used in this part unless the context... medical practices, and result in an unnecessary cost to the Medicaid program, or in reimbursement for...

5 CFR 362.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 362.401 Section 362.401 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PATHWAYS PROGRAMS Presidential... Program-related activities of PMFs appointed in his or her agency. The agency Pathways Programs Officer...

5 CFR 362.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 362.401 Section 362.401 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS PATHWAYS PROGRAMS Presidential... Program-related activities of PMFs appointed in his or her agency. The agency Pathways Programs Officer...

14 CFR 152.605 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Consideration of using alternative, renewable energy sources. Major building modification means modification of... AIRPORT AID PROGRAM Energy Conservation in Airport Aid Program § 152.605 Definitions. As used in this... the program, which will exceed $200,000 in construction cost. Energy assessment means an analysis of...

7 CFR 783.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS TREE ASSISTANCE PROGRAM § 783.3 Definitions. (a) The definitions in part 718 of this... office means the FSA or USDA Service Center that is responsible for servicing the farm on which the trees... economic enterprise as defined under the Indian Financing Act of 1974, which owns a tree, bush or vine as...

45 CFR 1635.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 1635.2 Section 1635.2 Public Welfare... Definitions. As used in this part— (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal.... (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services but does not...

45 CFR 1635.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 1635.2 Section 1635.2 Public Welfare... Definitions. As used in this part— (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal.... (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services but does not...

45 CFR 1635.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 1635.2 Section 1635.2 Public Welfare... Definitions. As used in this part— (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal.... (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services but does not...

45 CFR 1635.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 1635.2 Section 1635.2 Public Welfare... Definitions. As used in this part— (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal.... (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services but does not...

45 CFR 1620.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 1620.2 Section 1620.2 Public Welfare... § 1620.2 Definitions. (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal of a... (PAI) cases. (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services...

45 CFR 1620.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 1620.2 Section 1620.2 Public Welfare... § 1620.2 Definitions. (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal of a... (PAI) cases. (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services...

45 CFR 1635.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 1635.2 Section 1635.2 Public Welfare... Definitions. As used in this part— (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal.... (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services but does not...

45 CFR 1620.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 1620.2 Section 1620.2 Public Welfare... § 1620.2 Definitions. (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal of a... (PAI) cases. (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services...

45 CFR 1620.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 1620.2 Section 1620.2 Public Welfare... § 1620.2 Definitions. (a) A case is a form of program service in which an attorney or paralegal of a... (PAI) cases. (b) A matter is an action which contributes to the overall delivery of program services...

24 CFR 5.318 - Discretionary pet rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... PHAs may include, but are not limited to, consideration of the following factors: (a) Definitions of... reasonable definition of a common household pet. (2) For Housing programs. Project owners wishing to define “common household pet” in their pet rules must use the Housing programs definition of the term in § 5.306...

7 CFR 210.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 210.2 Section 210.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM General § 210.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

7 CFR 210.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 210.2 Section 210.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM General § 210.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

7 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN § 215.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part, the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the...

7 CFR 220.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Definitions. 220.2 Section 220.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM § 220.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

7 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN § 215.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part, the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the...

42 CFR 422.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 422.2 Section 422.2 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM General Provisions § 422.2 Definitions. As used in this part— Arrangement means a written agreement between an MA...

7 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN § 215.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part, the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the...

7 CFR 220.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Definitions. 220.2 Section 220.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM § 220.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

7 CFR 210.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 210.2 Section 210.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM General § 210.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

7 CFR 220.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 220.2 Section 220.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SCHOOL BREAKFAST PROGRAM § 220.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

7 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN § 215.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part, the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the...

7 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 215.2 Section 215.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS SPECIAL MILK PROGRAM FOR CHILDREN § 215.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part, the term: 7 CFR part 3015 means the...

7 CFR 210.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Definitions. 210.2 Section 210.2 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NATIONAL SCHOOL LUNCH PROGRAM General § 210.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part: 7 CFR part 3015 means the Uniform...

Health literacy and public health: A systematic review and integration of definitions and models

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Health literacy concerns the knowledge and competences of persons to meet the complex demands of health in modern society. Although its importance is increasingly recognised, there is no consensus about the definition of health literacy or about its conceptual dimensions, which limits the possibilities for measurement and comparison. The aim of the study is to review definitions and models on health literacy to develop an integrated definition and conceptual model capturing the most comprehensive evidence-based dimensions of health literacy. Methods A systematic literature review was performed to identify definitions and conceptual frameworks of health literacy. A content analysis of the definitions and conceptual frameworks was carried out to identify the central dimensions of health literacy and develop an integrated model. Results The review resulted in 17 definitions of health literacy and 12 conceptual models. Based on the content analysis, an integrative conceptual model was developed containing 12 dimensions referring to the knowledge, motivation and competencies of accessing, understanding, appraising and applying health-related information within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion setting, respectively. Conclusions Based upon this review, a model is proposed integrating medical and public health views of health literacy. The model can serve as a basis for developing health literacy enhancing interventions and provide a conceptual basis for the development and validation of measurement tools, capturing the different dimensions of health literacy within the healthcare, disease prevention and health promotion settings. PMID:22276600

Towards a consensus definition of maternal sepsis: results of a systematic review and expert consultation.

PubMed

Bonet, Mercedes; Nogueira Pileggi, Vicky; Rijken, Marcus J; Coomarasamy, Arri; Lissauer, David; Souza, João Paulo; Gülmezoglu, Ahmet Metin

2017-05-30

There is a need for a clear and actionable definition of maternal sepsis, in order to better assess the burden of this condition, trigger timely and effective treatment and allow comparisons across facilities and countries. The objective of this study was to review maternal sepsis definitions and identification criteria and to report on the results of an expert consultation to develop a new international definition of maternal sepsis. All original and review articles and WHO documents, as well as clinical guidelines providing definitions and/or identification criteria of maternal sepsis were included. A multidisciplinary international panel of experts was surveyed through an online consultation in March-April 2016 on their opinion on the existing sepsis definitions, including new definition of sepsis proposed for the adult population (2016 Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock) and importance of different criteria for identification of maternal sepsis. The definition was agreed using an iterative process in an expert face-to-face consensus development meeting convened by WHO and Jhpiego. Standardizing the definition of maternal sepsis and aligning it with the current understanding of sepsis in the adult population was considered a mandatory step to improve the assessment of the burden of maternal sepsis by the expert panel. The literature review and expert consultation resulted in a new WHO consensus definition "Maternal sepsis is a life-threatening condition defined as organ dysfunction resulting from infection during pregnancy, child-birth, post-abortion, or post-partum period". Plans are in progress to validate the new WHO definition of maternal sepsis in a large international population. The operationalization of the new maternal sepsis definition requires generation of a set of practical criteria to identify women with sepsis. These criteria should enable clinicians to focus on the timely initiation of actionable elements of care (administration of antimicrobials and fluids, support of vital organ functions, and referral) and improve maternal outcomes.

A conceptual framework for developing a critical thinking self-assessment scale.

PubMed

Nair, Girija G; Stamler, Lynnette Leeseberg

2013-03-01

Nurses must be talented critical thinkers to cope with the challenges related to the ever-changing health care system, population trends, and extended role expectations. Several countries now recognize critical thinking skills (CTS) as an expected outcome of nursing education programs. Critical thinking has been defined in multiple ways by philosophers, critical thinking experts, and educators. Nursing experts conceptualize critical thinking as a process involving cognitive and affective domains of reasoning. Nurse educators are often challenged with teaching and measuring CTS because of their latent nature and the lack of a uniform definition of the concept. In this review of the critical thinking literature, we examine various definitions, identify a set of constructs that define critical thinking, and suggest a conceptual framework on which to base a self-assessment scale for measuring CTS. Copyright 2013, SLACK Incorporated.

JGME-ALiEM Hot Topics in Medical Education: An Analysis of a Virtual Discussion on Resident Well-Being.

PubMed

Chung, Arlene; Battaglioli, Nicole; Lin, Michelle; Sherbino, Jonathan

2018-02-01

Physician well-being is garnering increasing attention. In 2016, the Journal of Graduate Medical Education ( JGME ) published a review by Kristin Raj, MD, entitled "Well-Being in Residency: A Systematic Review." There is benefit in contextualizing the literature on resident well-being through an academic journal club. We summarized an asynchronous, online journal club discussion about this systematic review and highlighted themes that were identified in the review. In January 2017, JGME and the Academic Life in Emergency Medicine (ALiEM) blog facilitated an open-access, online, weeklong journal club on the featured JGME article. Online discussions and interactions were facilitated via blog posts and comments, a video discussion on Google Hangouts on Air, and Twitter. We performed a thematic analysis of the discussion and captured web analytics. Over the first 14 days, the blog post was viewed 1070 unique times across 52 different countries. A total of 130 unique participants on Twitter posted 480 tweets using the hashtag #JGMEscholar. Thematic analysis revealed 5 major domains: the multidimensional nature of well-being, measurement of well-being, description of wellness programs and interventions, creation of a culture of wellness, and critique of the methodology of the review. Our online journal club highlighted several gaps in the current understanding of resident well-being, including the need for consensus on the operational definition, the need for effective instruments to evaluate wellness programs and identify residents in distress, and a national research collaboration to assess wellness programs and their impact on resident well-being.

Rehabilitation of the elbow following sports injury.

PubMed

Ellenbecker, Todd S; Pieczynski, Tad E; Davies, George J

2010-01-01

Evaluation of the athlete with an elbow injury involves a complete upper extremity approach and a corresponding treatment approach that addresses the identified deficiencies to restore normal function. A significant focus should be placed on the proximal aspect of the upper extremity in addition to the obvious distal injury. A detailed review of the available treatment modalities fails to identify any clear definitive choice to address pain levels; however, a combination of modalities and appropriate exercise can be used in the early rehabilitation phases. The use of a total arm strengthening program along with evaluation of the athlete's sport mechanics is required to successfully return the patient back to their preinjury level of function. A supervised interval sport return program is also a necessary component of the complete rehabilitation program for the athlete with an elbow injury.

7 CFR 760.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS INDEMNITY PAYMENT PROGRAMS Tree Assistance Program § 760.502 Definitions. The following...) Service Center that is responsible for servicing the farm on which the trees, bushes, or vines are located... tree grower means a person or legal entity that produces nursery, ornamental, fruit, nut, or Christmas...

7 CFR 760.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS INDEMNITY PAYMENT PROGRAMS Tree Assistance Program § 760.502 Definitions. The following...) Service Center that is responsible for servicing the farm on which the trees, bushes, or vines are located... tree grower means a person or legal entity that produces nursery, ornamental, fruit, nut, or Christmas...

7 CFR 760.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... SPECIAL PROGRAMS INDEMNITY PAYMENT PROGRAMS Tree Assistance Program § 760.502 Definitions. The following...) Service Center that is responsible for servicing the farm on which the trees, bushes, or vines are located... tree grower means a person or legal entity that produces nursery, ornamental, fruit, nut, or Christmas...

7 CFR 227.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM General § 227.2 Definitions. (a... section 17 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (c) Child Nutrition Programs means any or all of...

7 CFR 227.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM General § 227.2 Definitions. (a... section 17 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (c) Child Nutrition Programs means any or all of...

7 CFR 227.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM General § 227.2 Definitions. (a... section 17 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (c) Child Nutrition Programs means any or all of...

7 CFR 227.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM General § 227.2 Definitions. (a... section 17 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (c) Child Nutrition Programs means any or all of...

7 CFR 227.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) FOOD AND NUTRITION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE CHILD NUTRITION PROGRAMS NUTRITION EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAM General § 227.2 Definitions. (a... section 17 of the National School Lunch Act, as amended. (c) Child Nutrition Programs means any or all of...

24 CFR 811.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 811.102 Section 811... URBAN DEVELOPMENT (SECTION 8 HOUSING ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS, SECTION 202 DIRECT LOAN PROGRAM, SECTION 202... PROGRAM) TAX EXEMPTION OF OBLIGATIONS OF PUBLIC HOUSING AGENCIES AND RELATED AMENDMENTS § 811.102...

48 CFR 719.273-2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 719.273-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS The U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID) Mentor-Protégé Program 719.273-2 Definitions. Throughout, the term “small business” includes all categories...

36 CFR 801.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PRESERVATION REQUIREMENTS OF THE URBAN DEVELOPMENT ACTION GRANT PROGRAM § 801.2 Definitions. The terms defined... regulations: (a) Urban Development Action Grant (UDAG) Program means the program of the Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) authorized by title I of the Housing and Community Development Act (HCDA...

Physical Activity and Exercise Interventions in the Workplace Impacting Work Outcomes: A Stakeholder-Centered Best Evidence Synthesis of Systematic Reviews.

PubMed

White, M I; Dionne, C E; Wärje, O; Koehoorn, M; Wagner, S L; Schultz, I Z; Koehn, C; Williams-Whitt, K; Harder, H G; Pasca, R; Hsu, V; McGuire, L; Schulz, W; Kube, D; Wright, M D

2016-04-01

The prevention of work disability is beneficial to employees and employers, and mitigates unnecessary societal costs associated with social welfare. Many service providers and employers have initiated workplace interventions designed to reduce unnecessary work disability. To conduct a best-evidence synthesis of systematic reviews on workplace interventions that address physical activities or exercise and their impact on workplace absence, work productivity or financial outcomes. Using a participatory research approach, academics and stakeholders identified inclusion and exclusion criteria, built an abstraction table, evaluated systematic review quality and relevance, and interpreted the combined findings. A minimum of two scientists participated in a methodological review of the literature followed by a consensus process. Stakeholders and researchers participated as a collaborative team. 3363 unique records were identified, 115 full text articles and 46 systematic reviews were included, 18 assessed the impact of physical fitness or exercise interventions. 11 focused on general workers rather than workers who were absent from work at baseline; 16 of the reviews assessed work absence, 4 assessed productivity and 6 assessed financial impacts. The strongest evidence supports the use of short, simple exercise or fitness programs for both workers at work and those absent from work at baseline. For workers at work, simple exercise programs (1-2 modal components) appear to provide similar benefits to those using more complex multimodal interventions. For workers off-work with subacute low back pain, there is evidence that some complex exercise programs may be more effective than simple exercise interventions, especially if they involve workplace stakeholder engagement, communication and coordination with employers and other stakeholders. The development and utilization of standardized definitions, methods and measures and blinded evaluation would improve research quality and strengthen stakeholder-centered guidance.

Assessing the evolving definition of underrepresented minority and its application in academic medicine.

PubMed

Page, Kathleen Raquel; Castillo-Page, Laura; Poll-Hunter, Norma; Garrison, Gwen; Wright, Scott M

2013-01-01

To assess how U.S. academic health centers (AHCs) define the term underrepresented minority (URM) and apply it to their diversity programs, following the 2003 revision of the Association of American Medical Colleges' (AAMC's) definition of URM. In 2010, the authors developed and deployed a cross-sectional survey of diversity leaders at 106 AHCs. The survey included questions about the diversity leader and institution's diversity program; institution's URM definition; application of that definition; and the diversity leader's perceptions of the representation and institutional contribution of various ethnic/racial groups. The authors used descriptive statistics to analyze the results. Of the 106 diversity leaders invited, 89 (84.0%) responded and 78 (73.6%) provided a working definition of URM. Most programs (40/78; 51%) used the 2003 AAMC definition of URM, which includes racial/ethnic groups that are underrepresented in medicine relative to local and national demographics. Only 14.1% (11/78) used the pre-2003 AAMC definition, which included only African Americans, Mexican Americans, Native Americans, and mainland Puerto Ricans. Approximately one-third (23/78; 29.5%) also considered other diversity factors, such as socioeconomic status, sexual orientation, and disability, in defining URM. Fifty-eight respondents (74.4%) confirmed that their diversity programs targeted specific groups. The definition of URM used by diversity programs at U.S. AHCs varied widely. Although some classified URMs by racial/ethnic categories, the majority defined URM more broadly to encompass other demographic and personal characteristics. This shift should prepare academic medicine to eliminate health disparities and meet the health needs of an increasingly diverse population.

Physical Restraints: Consensus of a Research Definition Using a Modified Delphi Technique.

PubMed

Bleijlevens, Michel H C; Wagner, Laura M; Capezuti, Elizabeth; Hamers, Jan P H

2016-11-01

To develop an internationally accepted research definition of physical restraint. Comprehensive literature search followed by a web-based, three-round, modified Delphi technique comprising reviews and feedback. Clinical care settings. An international group of 48 experts consisting of researchers and clinicians from 14 countries who have made sustained contribution to research and clinical application in the field of physical restraint in clinical care. Data were collected using an online survey program and one in-person meeting. Results of the online survey and the in-person meeting were used for distribution in subsequent rounds until consensus on a definition was reached. Consensus was defined as 90% of the participating experts agreeing with the proposed definition of physical restraint. Thirty-four different definitions were identified during the literature search and served as a starting point for the modified Delphi technique. After three rounds, 45 (95.7%) of 47 remaining experts agreed with the newly proposed definition: "Physical restraint is defined as any action or procedure that prevents a person's free body movement to a position of choice and/or normal access to his/her body by the use of any method, attached or adjacent to a person's body that he/she cannot control or remove easily." A multidisciplinary, internationally representative panel of experts reached consensus on a research definition for physical restraints in older persons. This is a necessary step toward improved comparisons of the prevalence of physical restraint use across studies and countries. This definition can further guide research interventions aimed at reducing use of physical restraints. © 2016, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2016, The American Geriatrics Society.

Does a Wii-based exercise program enhance balance control of independently functioning older adults? A systematic review.

PubMed

Laufer, Yocheved; Dar, Gali; Kodesh, Einat

2014-01-01

Exercise programs that challenge an individual's balance have been shown to reduce the risk of falls among older adults. Virtual reality computer-based technology that provides the user with opportunities to interact with virtual objects is used extensively for entertainment. There is a growing interest in the potential of virtual reality-based interventions for balance training in older adults. This work comprises a systematic review of the literature to determine the effects of intervention programs utilizing the Nintendo Wii console on balance control and functional performance in independently functioning older adults. STUDIES WERE OBTAINED BY SEARCHING THE FOLLOWING DATABASES: PubMed, CINAHL, PEDro, EMBASE, SPORTdiscus, and Google Scholar, followed by a hand search of bibliographic references of the included studies. Included were randomized controlled trials written in English in which Nintendo Wii Fit was used to enhance standing balance performance in older adults and compared with an alternative exercise treatment, placebo, or no treatment. Seven relevant studies were retrieved. The four studies examining the effect of Wii-based exercise compared with no exercise reported positive effects on at least one outcome measure related to balance performance in older adults. Studies comparing Wii-based training with alternative exercise programs generally indicated that the balance improvements achieved by Wii-based training are comparable with those achieved by other exercise programs. The review indicates that Wii-based exercise programs may serve as an alternative to more conventional forms of exercise aimed at improving balance control. However, due to the great variability between studies in terms of the intervention protocols and outcome measures, as well as methodological limitations, definitive recommendations as to optimal treatment protocols and the potential of such an intervention as a safe and effective home-based treatment cannot be made at this point.

Defining clinically important perioperative blood loss and transfusion for the Standardised Endpoints for Perioperative Medicine (StEP) collaborative: a protocol for a scoping review.

PubMed

Bartoszko, Justyna; Vorobeichik, Leon; Jayarajah, Mohandas; Karkouti, Keyvan; Klein, Andrew A; Lamy, Andre; Mazer, C David; Murphy, Mike; Richards, Toby; Englesakis, Marina; Myles, Paul S; Wijeysundera, Duminda N

2017-06-30

'Standardised Endpoints for Perioperative Medicine' (StEP) is an international collaboration undertaking development of consensus-based consistent definitions for endpoints in perioperative clinical trials. Inconsistency in endpoint definitions can make interpretation of trial results more difficult, especially if conflicting evidence is present. Furthermore, this inconsistency impedes evidence synthesis and meta-analyses. The goals of StEP are to harmonise definitions for clinically meaningful endpoints and specify standards for endpoint reporting in clinical trials. To help inform this endeavour, we aim to conduct a scoping review to systematically characterise the definitions of clinically important endpoints in the existing published literature on perioperative blood loss and transfusion. The scoping review will be conducted using the widely adopted framework developed by Arksey and O'Malley, with modifications from Levac. We refined our methods with guidance from research librarians as well as researchers and clinicians with content expertise. The electronic literature search will involve several databases including Medline, PubMed-not-Medline and Embase. Our review has three objectives, namely to (1) identify definitions of significant blood loss and transfusion used in previously published large perioperative randomised trials; (2) identify previously developed consensus-based definitions for significant blood loss and transfusion in perioperative medicine and related fields; and (3) describe the association between different magnitudes of blood loss and transfusion with postoperative outcomes. The multistage review process for each question will involve two reviewers screening abstracts, reading full-text articles and performing data extraction. The abstracted data will be organised and subsequently analysed in an iterative process. This scoping review of the previously published literature does not require research ethics approval. The results will be used to inform a consensus-based process to develop definitions of clinically important perioperative blood loss and transfusion. The results of the scoping review will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

13 CFR 124.3 - What definitions are important in the 8(a) BD program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... three-year period have evolved from one NAICS code to another. Principal place of business means the... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What definitions are important in... Development Provisions of General Applicability § 124.3 What definitions are important in the 8(a) BD program...

78 FR 55210 - Pennsylvania Regulatory Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-10

... revise its program at 25 Pa. Code 86.1, 86.3, and 86.17, to reflect the addition of new definitions and... application fee'' at 25 Pa. Code 86.1 Pennsylvania proposes the addition of a new term; the definition of... Pennsylvania definition of ``minor amendment,'' found at 25 Pa. Code 92a.2, directly mirrors, with a few...

78 FR 13890 - Notice of Intent To Repatriate Cultural Items: San Francisco State University NAGPRA Program, San...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-01

... meet the definition of sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony and repatriation to the Indian... University NAGPRA Program that meet the definition of sacred objects and objects of cultural patrimony under... California), each of the objects below meet the definition of either sacred objects or objects of cultural...

Competing definitions: a public policy analysis of the federal recreational fee demonstration program

Treesearch

Thomas A. E. More

2003-01-01

Problem definition theory specifies that however controls the definition of a problem is in a unique position to control debate over the issue, influence others, and determine the problem's place on the agenda. This paper uses a rhetorical analysis and a questionnaire survey of congressional aides to examine the federal Recreational Fee Demonstration Program....

5 CFR 720.302 - Definition.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) AFFIRMATIVE EMPLOYMENT PROGRAMS Disabled Veterans Affirmative Action Program § 720.302 Definition. As used in this subpart, the terms veteran and disabled veteran have the meanings given to these terms in title 38...

24 CFR 886.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR THE ELDERLY PROGRAM AND SECTION 811 SUPPORTIVE HOUSING FOR PERSONS WITH DISABILITIES... Program for the Disposition of HUD-Owned Projects § 886.302 Definitions. The terms Fair Market Rent (FMR...

12 CFR 370.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... LIQUIDITY GUARANTEE PROGRAM § 370.2 Definitions. As used in this part, the terms listed in this section are...) Temporary liquidity guarantee program. The term “temporary liquidity guarantee program” includes both the...

Who Is a Cancer Survivor? A Systematic Review of Published Definitions.

PubMed

Marzorati, Chiara; Riva, Silvia; Pravettoni, Gabriella

2017-06-01

The term "cancer survivor" is commonly used by different persons, clinical institutions, academic bodies, and political organizations although it lacks of a unanimous and detailed definition. The objective of the study is to make a systematic review of published and proposed definitions of "cancer survivor." Utilizing a systematic search strategy with different strings of "cancer survivor," we searched the following databases: Medline (June 1975-June 2015), Scopus (all the years), Web of Science (all the years), Google Scholar (all the years), ERIC (all the years). This review suggests that there is not a unique definition of who is a "cancer survivor" and what is "cancer survivorship." However, the most widely used definition sees cancer survivorship as a process that begins at the moment of diagnosis and continues through the balance of life. This definition highlights psychological and legal patient's needs-as well as medical ones-to receive care and assistance from the beginning and, at the same time, it establishes valid criteria for making scientific and statistical sampling research. The extensive use of the term "cancer survivor" indicates that it is a significant term. This review has been written to outline the state of the art and it invites to reflect on a shared definition that could satisfy both clinical and research aspects. Implication for cancer survivors: this compendium of proposed definitions may improve communication among the many patients and patient organizations that use and work with this term.

Rehabilitation Traumatology: A Narrative Review.

PubMed

Bloodworth, Donna; Pandit, Sindhu; Mullan, Patrick; Chiou-Tan, Faye

2017-09-01

Rehabilitation traumatology has developed within the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation as a specialized area of knowledge in which the physiatrist works with the traumatology team to enhance the functional outcome of trauma patients. Based on the definition of traumatology in the American Heritage Dictionary, the authors propose rehabilitation traumatology be "the branch of medicine that deals with the treatment of serious wounds, injuries, and disabilities," "to restore [the patient] to good health or useful life." This article reviews the history of traumatology, special considerations of the traumatology patient through the continuum of care, and concepts toward the creation of a rehabilitation traumatology program. V. Copyright © 2017 American Academy of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Whole Community Approach toward Child and Youth Resilience Promotion: A Review of Resilience Literature.

PubMed

Khanlou, Nazilla; Wray, Ron

2014-01-01

A literature review of child and youth resilience with a focus on: definitions and factors of resilience; relationships between resilience, mental health and social outcomes; evidence for resilience promoting interventions; and implications for reducing health inequities. To conduct the review, the first two following steps were conducted iteratively and informed the third step: 1) Review of published peer-review literature since 2000; and 2) Review of grey literature; and 3) Quasi-realist synthesis of evidence. Evidence from three perspectives were examined: i) whether interventions can improve 'resilience' for vulnerable children and youth; ii) whether there is a differential effect among different populations; and, iii) whether there is evidence that resilience interventions 'close the gap' on health and social outcome measures. Definitions of resilience vary as do perspectives on it. We argue for a hybrid approach that recognizes the value of combining multiple theoretical perspectives, epistemologies (positivistic and constructivist/interpretive/critical) in studying resilience. Resilience is: a) a process (rather than a single event), b) a continuum (rather than a binary outcome), and c) likely a global concept with specific dimensions. Individual, family and social environmental factors influence resilience. A social determinants perspective on resilience and mental health is emphasized. Programs and interventions to promoting resilience should be complimentary to public health measures addressing the social determinants of health. A whole community approach to resilience is suggested as a step toward closing the public health policy gap. Local initiatives that stimulate a local transformation process are needed. Recognition of each child's or youth's intersections of gender, lifestage, family resources within the context of their identity markers fits with a localized approach to resilience promotion and, at the same time, requires recognition of the broader determinants of population health.

Definitional-mission report: Clean-coal-technology assistance project in Poland (final report). Export trade information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shrivastava, V.K.

1992-01-01

The new impending environmental law in Poland provides for strict environmental guidelines for coal preparation, washing, mine desalination, and application of commercially viable and economical clean coal technologies for utilization of coal. The government of Poland requested the U.S. Trade and Development Program (TDP) carry out a Definitional Mission to Poland to define the requirements of the Polish authorities and to prepare specific recommendations for follow on actions by TDP. The technical assistance package proposed to be funded by TDP includes two specific activities. These are (i) an orientation visit to review selected clean coal technology projects in the U.S.,more » and (ii) preparation of a compendium of the main coal sector requirements in Poland and the types of technologies needed. The Definitional Mission has prepared a Scope of Work which recommends that TDP allocate a fund to finance the cost of the above technical assistance activities. It is further recommended that TDP enlist the assistance of a non-profit trade organization to provide this assistance to the Polish government.« less

48 CFR 26.401 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... PROGRAMS OTHER SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS Food Donations to Nonprofit Organizations 26.401 Definitions. As used... (b)(2)of the Bill Emerson Good Samaritan Food Donation Act (42 U.S.C. 1791(b)). Excess food means...

34 CFR 628.6 - What definitions apply to the Endowment Challenge Grant Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to the Endowment Challenge Grant Program? 628.6 Section 628.6 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ENDOWMENT CHALLENGE GRANT PROGRAM...

Schools and Programs of Choice: Voluntary Desegregation in Massachusetts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missal, Gerald E., Ed.

Described in this document are a number of magnet school programs developed and operating in Massachusetts as part of a voluntary school desegregation plan. A historical perspective of magnet school development is provided along with definitions and guidelines of both magnet schools and magnet education programs. These definitions and guidelines…

34 CFR 206.5 - What definitions apply to these programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What definitions apply to these programs? 206.5 Section 206.5 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education OFFICE OF ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION SPECIAL EDUCATIONAL PROGRAMS FOR STUDENTS WHOSE FAMILIES ARE...

Space shuttle electrical power generation and reactant supply system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simon, W. E.

1985-01-01

The design philosophy and development experience of fuel cell power generation and cryogenic reactant supply systems are reviewed, beginning with the state of technology at the conclusion of the Apollo Program. Technology advancements span a period of 10 years from initial definition phase to the most recent space transportation system (STS) flights. The development program encompassed prototype, verification, and qualification hardware, as well as post-STS-1 design improvements. Focus is on the problems encountered, the scientific and engineering approaches employed to meet the technological challenges, and the results obtained. Major technology barriers are discussed, and the evolving technology development paths are traced from their conceptual beginnings to the fully man-rated systems which are now an integral part of the shuttle vehicle.

The Expert System Programme of the European Space Agency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lafay, J. F.; Allard, F.

1992-08-01

ESA's Expert System Demonstration (ESD) program is discussed in terms of its goals, structure, three-phase approach, and initial results. ESD is intended to demonstrate the benefits of AI and knowledge-based systems for in-orbit infrastructures by developing a strategic technology to contribute to ESA missions. Three phases were defined for: (1) program definition and review of existing work; (2) demonstration of applications prototypes; and (3) the development of operational systems from successful prototypes. Applications of 16 proposed expert-system candidates are grouped into payload-engineering and crew/operations categories. The candidates are to be evaluated in terms of their potential contribution to strategic goals such as improving scientific return and automating operator functions to eliminate human error.

The Effect of Physical Exercise on Frail Older Persons: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Silva, R B; Aldoradin-Cabeza, H; Eslick, G D; Phu, S; Duque, G

2017-01-01

Physical exercise is one of the most effective non-pharmacological interventions aimed to improve mobility and independence in older persons. The effect of physical exercise and the most effective type of exercise in frail older persons remain undefined. This systematic review examines the effectiveness of physical exercise on frail older persons. Seven databases were search for randomized control trials which assessed the effect of exercise on participants who were identified as being frail using specific and validated criteria. Nine articles were reviewed from eight studies, from which seven used a validated definition of frailty. Based on the articles analyzed in our systematic review, the evidence suggests that exercise has a positive effect on various measures used to determine frailty including cognition, physical functioning, and psychological wellbeing. Some studies revealed that exercise may prevent or delay the onset of frailty which can enhance quality of life in older adults. Despite the evidence for exercise interventions in frail older adults, it appears that there is no clear guidance regarding the most effective program variables. The reviewed studies were generally long in duration (≥6 months) with sessions lasting around 60 minutes performed three or more times per week, including multicomponent exercises. In conclusion, although exercise interventions appear to be effective in managing the various components of frailty and preventing/delaying the onset of frailty, the most effective exercise program in this population remains unidentified.

5 CFR 9701.404 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEPARTMENT OF... MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Performance Management § 9701.404 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal means the review... under a performance management system for reviewing employee performance. Competencies means the...

5 CFR 9701.404 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEPARTMENT OF... MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Performance Management § 9701.404 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal means the review... under a performance management system for reviewing employee performance. Competencies means the...

5 CFR 9701.404 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DEPARTMENT OF... MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Performance Management § 9701.404 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal means the review... under a performance management system for reviewing employee performance. Competencies means the...

How TAVI registries report clinical outcomes—A systematic review of endpoints based on VARC-2 definitions

PubMed Central

Kolominsky-Rabas, Peter L.

2017-01-01

Introduction Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) has been demonstrated to be an alternative treatment for severe aortic stenosis in patients considered as high surgical risk. Since its first human implantation by Cribier et al., TAVI has been shown to increase survival rate and quality of life for high surgical risks patients. The objective of this study is to provide an overview of TAVI registries and the reporting clinical outcomes based on the VARC-2 definitions. In addition, the comparability and adherence of VARC-2 reporting within the identified TAVI registries was reviewed. Materials and methods A systematic review of TAVI registries reporting VARC-2 definitions has been performed in line with PRISMA guidelines in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus databases and EMBASE. Based on VARC-2, patients’ characteristics and procedure characteristics, 30-day clinical outcomes, 1-year mortality and composited endpoints were extracted from each registry’s publications. Results This review identified 466 studies that were potentially relevant, and 20 TAVI registries reported VARC-2 definitions involved in our present review. Of all 20 registries, an overall sample size of 12,583 patients was involved. The 30-day all-cause mortality ranged from 0 to 12.7%. From 20 registries, 14 registries reported the cardiovascular mortality at 30 days. 9 registries reported myocardial infarction (MI) rate based on VARC-2 definitions, and 7 registries reported peri-procedural MI rate (<72h). In our review, most of registries presented MI rates ranging from 0.5% to 2%. The majority of registries have reported complications such as bleeding, vascular complications and new pacemaker implantation. Conclusion Since the introduction of VARC definitions from 2011, VARC and VARC-2 definitions are still not systematically used by all TAVI studies. These endpoint definitions warrant a concise and systemic analysis of outcome measures. Reporting TAVI-outcome uniformly makes study result comparison feasible. This definitely will increase patient safety, additionally to provide sufficient evidence to support decision makers like regulatory bodies, HTA agencies, payers. PMID:28910289

Mapping Turnaround Times (TAT) to a Generic Timeline: A Systematic Review of TAT Definitions in Clinical Domains

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Assessing turnaround times can help to analyse workflows in hospital information systems. This paper presents a systematic review of literature concerning different turnaround time definitions. Our objectives were to collect relevant literature with respect to this kind of process times in hospitals and their respective domains. We then analysed the existing definitions and summarised them in an appropriate format. Methods Our search strategy was based on Pubmed queries and manual reviews of the bibliographies of retrieved articles. Studies were included if precise definitions of turnaround times were available. A generic timeline was designed through a consensus process to provide an overview of these definitions. Results More than 1000 articles were analysed and resulted in 122 papers. Of those, 162 turnaround time definitions in different clinical domains were identified. Starting and end points vary between these domains. To illustrate those turnaround time definitions, a generic timeline was constructed using preferred terms derived from the identified definitions. The consensus process resulted in the following 15 terms: admission, order, biopsy/examination, receipt of specimen in laboratory, procedure completion, interpretation, dictation, transcription, verification, report available, delivery, physician views report, treatment, discharge and discharge letter sent. Based on this analysis, several standard terms for turnaround time definitions are proposed. Conclusion Using turnaround times to benchmark clinical workflows is still difficult, because even within the same clinical domain many different definitions exist. Mapping of turnaround time definitions to a generic timeline is feasible. PMID:21609424

Definition of blindness under National Programme for Control of Blindness: Do we need to revise it?

PubMed Central

Vashist, Praveen; Senjam, Suraj Singh; Gupta, Vivek; Gupta, Noopur; Kumar, Atul

2017-01-01

A review appropriateness of the current definition of blindness under National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB), Government of India. Online search of peer-reviewed scientific published literature and guidelines using PubMed, the World Health Organization (WHO) IRIS, and Google Scholar with keywords, namely blindness and visual impairment, along with offline examination of reports of national and international organizations, as well as their cross-references was done until December 2016, to identify relevant documents on the definition of blindness. The evidence for the historical and currently adopted definition of blindness under the NPCB, the WHO, and other countries was reviewed. Differences in the NPCB and WHO definitions were analyzed to assess the impact on the epidemiological status of blindness and visual impairment in India. The differences in the criteria for blindness under the NPCB and the WHO definitions cause an overestimation of the prevalence of blindness in India. These variations are also associated with an over-representation of refractive errors as a cause of blindness and an under-representation of other causes under the NPCB definition. The targets for achieving elimination of blindness also become much more difficult to achieve under the NPCB definition. Ignoring differences in definitions when comparing the global and Indian prevalence of blindness will cause erroneous interpretations. We recommend that the appropriate modifications should be made in the NPCB definition of blindness to make it consistent with the WHO definition. PMID:28345562

Definition of blindness under National Programme for Control of Blindness: Do we need to revise it?

PubMed

Vashist, Praveen; Senjam, Suraj Singh; Gupta, Vivek; Gupta, Noopur; Kumar, Atul

2017-02-01

A review appropriateness of the current definition of blindness under National Programme for Control of Blindness (NPCB), Government of India. Online search of peer-reviewed scientific published literature and guidelines using PubMed, the World Health Organization (WHO) IRIS, and Google Scholar with keywords, namely blindness and visual impairment, along with offline examination of reports of national and international organizations, as well as their cross-references was done until December 2016, to identify relevant documents on the definition of blindness. The evidence for the historical and currently adopted definition of blindness under the NPCB, the WHO, and other countries was reviewed. Differences in the NPCB and WHO definitions were analyzed to assess the impact on the epidemiological status of blindness and visual impairment in India. The differences in the criteria for blindness under the NPCB and the WHO definitions cause an overestimation of the prevalence of blindness in India. These variations are also associated with an over-representation of refractive errors as a cause of blindness and an under-representation of other causes under the NPCB definition. The targets for achieving elimination of blindness also become much more difficult to achieve under the NPCB definition. Ignoring differences in definitions when comparing the global and Indian prevalence of blindness will cause erroneous interpretations. We recommend that the appropriate modifications should be made in the NPCB definition of blindness to make it consistent with the WHO definition.

Engineering Technical Review Planning Briefing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardner, Terrie

2012-01-01

The general topics covered in the engineering technical planning briefing are 1) overviews of NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC), and Engineering, 2) the NASA Systems Engineering(SE) Engine and its implementation , 3) the NASA Project Life Cycle, 4) MSFC Technical Management Branch Services in relation to the SE Engine and the Project Life Cycle , 5) Technical Reviews, 6) NASA Human Factor Design Guidance , and 7) the MSFC Human Factors Team. The engineering technical review portion of the presentation is the primary focus of the overall presentation and will address the definition of a design review, execution guidance, the essential stages of a technical review, and the overall review planning life cycle. Examples of a technical review plan content, review approaches, review schedules, and the review process will be provided and discussed. The human factors portion of the presentation will focus on the NASA guidance for human factors. Human factors definition, categories, design guidance, and human factor specialist roles will be addressed. In addition, the NASA Systems Engineering Engine description, definition, and application will be reviewed as background leading into the NASA Project Life Cycle Overview and technical review planning discussion.

45 CFR 170.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Temporary Certification Program for HIT § 170.402 Definitions. For...

45 CFR 170.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ONC HIT Certification Program § 170.502 Definitions. For the...

45 CFR 170.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Permanent Certification Program for HIT § 170.502 Definitions. For...

45 CFR 170.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Welfare Department of Health and Human Services HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Temporary Certification Program for HIT § 170.402 Definitions. For...

45 CFR 170.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Temporary Certification Program for HIT § 170.402 Definitions. For...

45 CFR 170.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Welfare Department of Health and Human Services HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ONC HIT Certification Program § 170.502 Definitions. For the...

45 CFR 170.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Temporary Certification Program for HIT § 170.402 Definitions. For...

45 CFR 170.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Temporary Certification Program for HIT § 170.402 Definitions. For...

45 CFR 170.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY STANDARDS, IMPLEMENTATION SPECIFICATIONS, AND CERTIFICATION CRITERIA AND CERTIFICATION PROGRAMS FOR HEALTH INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Permanent Certification Program for HIT § 170.502 Definitions. For...

Northern Alberta remote teleglaucoma program: clinical outcomes and patient disposition.

PubMed

Verma, Sanam; Arora, Sourabh; Kassam, Faazil; Edwards, Marianne C; Damji, Karim F

2014-04-01

To review the diagnostic outcomes and clinical referral pathways of patients assessed and managed through a collaborative care patient-centred teleglaucoma program. Retrospective cohort study. Eligible patients were those assessed by the referring optometrist or ophthalmologist to be open-angle glaucoma suspects or to have definite early open-angle glaucoma. A glaucoma specialist graded each case through virtual consultation. Clinical referral pathways were noted: in-person consultation with glaucoma specialist, repeat teleconsultation, collaborative glaucoma management with optometrist, or referral for nonglaucomatous ophthalmic pathology. A total of 247 patients were referred to the program from 2008 to 2012. Of all teleconsults, 31.1% were diagnosed with glaucoma, 42.1% were suspects, and 26.7% were unaffected. Of all patients, 27% were referred for in-person glaucoma evaluation; 69% of patients could be managed by their referring optometrist, with 48% of patients requiring repeat teleconsultation. Treatment was initiated before being seen for 87% of patients with definite glaucoma and 28% of glaucoma suspects. Of all patients seen through the remote teleglaucoma program, most did not require an in-person consultation with an ophthalmologist and could be managed through distance collaboration. For the approximately one third who were diagnosed with glaucoma based on virtual assessment, medication was started in the majority of cases and in-person consultation was arranged. Further studies to validate and consider cost-effectiveness of this system are under way. © 2013 Canadian Ophthalmological Society Published by Canadian Ophthalmological Society All rights reserved.

International perspectives on sexual harassment of college students: the sounds of silence.

PubMed

Paludi, Michele; Nydegger, Rudy; Desouza, Eros; Nydegger, Liesl; Dicker, Kelsey Allen

2006-11-01

The incidence, psychological dimensions, reporting, and impact of sexual harassment of college students throughout the world are reviewed. Special attention is paid to methodological constraints in conducting cross-cultural research in sexual harassment, including difficulty in securing research participants, different methodologies to collect incidence data, use of retrospective data, and varying, definitions of sexual harassment. Recommendations for implementing intervention programs are offered. The strategies suggested deal with the social causes that maintain the harassment, including renegotiating the balance of power between men and women.

Special report. NIOSH: new facts about violence against healthcare workers and security officers.

PubMed

1996-09-01

A definitive compilation and analysis by NIOSH (National Institute For Occupational Safety and Health) of recent studies measuring violence in the workplace presents the clearest picture to date of the nature and frequency of such violence and which employees are at greatest risk. For managers in security and health care, the NIOSH statistics are especially important. In this report, we'll review what we believe are the most significant findings of NIOSH and other sources and present details of programs designed to prevent healthcare workers from becoming victims of violence.

Do men need empowering too? A systematic review of entrepreneurial education and microenterprise development on health disparities among inner-city black male youth.

PubMed

Jennings, Larissa

2014-10-01

Economic strengthening through entrepreneurial and microenterprise development has been shown to mitigate poverty-based health disparities in developing countries. Yet, little is known regarding the impact of similar approaches on disadvantaged U.S. populations, particularly inner-city African-American male youth disproportionately affected by poverty, unemployment, and adverse health outcomes. A systematic literature review was conducted to guide programming and research in this area. Eligible studies were those published in English from 2003 to 2014 which evaluated an entrepreneurial and microenterprise initiative targeting inner-city youth, aged 15 to 24, and which did not exclude male participants. Peer-reviewed publications were identified from two electronic bibliographic databases. A manual search was conducted among web-based gray literature and registered trials not yet published. Among the 26 papers retrieved for review, six met the inclusion criteria and were retained for analysis. None of the 16 registered microenterprise trials were being conducted among disadvantaged populations in the U.S. The available literature suggests that entrepreneurial and microenterprise programs can positively impact youth's economic and psychosocial functioning and result in healthier decision-making. Young black men specifically benefited from increased autonomy, engagement, and risk avoidance. However, such programs are vastly underutilized among U.S. minority youth, and the current evidence is insufficiently descriptive or rigorous to draw definitive conclusions. Many programs described challenges in securing adequate resources, recruiting minority male youth, and sustaining community buy-in. There is an urgent need to increase implementation and evaluation efforts, using innovative and rigorous designs, to improve the low status of greater numbers of African-American male youth.

Revised Conceptual Framework of Parent-to-Parent Support for Parents of Children Who Are Deaf or Hard of Hearing: A Modified Delphi Study.

PubMed

Henderson, Rebecca J; Johnson, Andrew M; Moodie, Sheila T

2016-06-01

A scoping review of the literature was conducted, resulting in the development of a conceptual framework of parent-to-parent support for parents with children who are Deaf or hard of hearing. This is the 2nd stage of a dual-stage scoping review. This study sought stakeholder opinion and feedback with an aim to achieve consensus on the constructs, components, and design of the initial conceptual framework. A modified electronic Delphi study was completed with 21 handpicked experts from 7 countries who have experience in provision, research, or experience in the area of parent-to-parent support. Participants completed an online questionnaire using an 11-point Likert scale (strongly disagree to strongly agree) and open-ended questions to answer various questions related to the descriptor terms, definitions, constructs, components, and overall design of the framework. Participant responses led to the revision of the original conceptual framework. The findings from this dual-stage scoping review and electronic Delphi study provide a conceptual framework that defines the vital contribution of parents in Early Hearing Detection and Intervention programs that will be a useful addition to these programs.

Arctic freshwater synthesis: Introduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prowse, T.; Bring, A.; Mârd, J.; Carmack, E.

2015-11-01

In response to a joint request from the World Climate Research Program's Climate and Cryosphere Project, the International Arctic Science Committee, and the Arctic Council's Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Program, an updated scientific assessment has been conducted of the Arctic Freshwater System (AFS), entitled the Arctic Freshwater Synthesis (AFSΣ). The major reason for joint request was an increasing concern that changes to the AFS have produced, and could produce even greater, changes to biogeophysical and socioeconomic systems of special importance to northern residents and also produce extra-Arctic climatic effects that will have global consequences. Hence, the key objective of the AFSΣ was to produce an updated, comprehensive, and integrated review of the structure and function of the entire AFS. The AFSΣ was organized around six key thematic areas: atmosphere, oceans, terrestrial hydrology, terrestrial ecology, resources and modeling, and the review of each coauthored by an international group of scientists and published as separate manuscripts in this special issue of Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences. This AFSΣ—Introduction reviews the motivations for, and foci of, previous studies of the AFS, discusses criteria used to define the domain of the AFS, and details key characteristics of the definition adopted for the AFSΣ.

Energy Efficient Engine: Control system preliminary definition report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howe, David C.

1986-01-01

The object of the Control Preliminary Definition Program was to define a preliminary control system concept as a part of the Energy Efficient Engine program. The program was limited to a conceptual definition of a full authority digital electronic control system. System requirements were determined and a control system was conceptually defined to these requirements. Areas requiring technological development were identified and a plan was established for implementing the identified technological features, including a control technology demonstration. A significant element of this program was a study of the potential benefits of closed-loop active clearance control, along with laboratory tests of candidate clearance sensor elements for a closed loop system.

5 CFR 9701.404 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Performance Management § 9701.404 Definitions. In this subpart— Appraisal means the review and evaluation of an employee's performance. Appraisal period means the period of time established under a performance management system for reviewing employee performance. Competencies means the...

Assessment of Proficiency and Competency in Laboratory Animal Biomethodologies

PubMed Central

Clifford, Paula; Melfi, Natasha; Bogdanske, John; Johnson, Elizabeth J; Kehler, James; Baran, Szczepan W

2013-01-01

Personnel working with laboratory animals are required by laws and guidelines to be trained and qualified to perform biomethodologic procedures. The assessment of competency and proficiency is a vital component of a laboratory animal training program, because this process confirms that the trainees have met the learning objectives for a particular procedure. The approach toward qualification assessment differs between organizations because laws and guidelines do not outline how the assessment should be performed or which methods and tools should be used. Assessment of clinical and surgical medicine has received considerable attention over the last few decades and has progressed from simple subjective methods to well-defined and objective methods of assessing competency. Although biomethodology competency and proficiency assessment is discussed in the literature, a standard and objective assessment method has not yet been developed. The development and implementation of an objective and standardized biomethodologic assessment program can serve as a tool to improve standards, ensure consistent training, and decrease research variables yet ensure animal welfare. Here we review the definition and goals of training and assessment, review assessment methods, and propose a method to develop a standard and objective assessment program for the laboratory animal science field, particularly training departments and IACUC. PMID:24351758

7 CFR 3430.502 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE COMPETITIVE AND NONCOMPETITIVE NON-FORMULA FEDERAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS-GENERAL AWARD ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS Integrated Research, Education, and Extension Competitive Grants Program § 3430.502 Definitions. The...

Ascertainment of acute liver injury in two European primary care databases.

PubMed

Ruigómez, A; Brauer, R; Rodríguez, L A García; Huerta, C; Requena, G; Gil, M; de Abajo, Francisco; Downey, G; Bate, A; Tepie, M Feudjo; de Groot, M; Schlienger, R; Reynolds, R; Klungel, O

2014-10-01

The purpose of this study was to ascertain acute liver injury (ALI) in primary care databases using different computer algorithms. The aim of this investigation was to study and compare the incidence of ALI in different primary care databases and using different definitions of ALI. The Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) in UK and the Spanish "Base de datos para la Investigación Farmacoepidemiológica en Atención Primaria" (BIFAP) were used. Both are primary care databases from which we selected individuals of all ages registered between January 2004 and December 2009. We developed two case definitions of idiopathic ALI using computer algorithms: (i) restrictive definition (definite cases) and (ii) broad definition (definite and probable cases). Patients presenting prior liver conditions were excluded. Manual review of potential cases was performed to confirm diagnosis, in a sample in CPRD (21%) and all potential cases in BIFAP. Incidence rates of ALI by age, sex and calendar year were calculated. In BIFAP, all cases considered definite after manual review had been detected with the computer algorithm as potential cases, and none came from the non-cases group. The restrictive definition of ALI had a low sensitivity but a very high specificity (95% in BIFAP) and showed higher rates of agreement between computer search and manual review compared to the broad definition. Higher incidence rates of definite ALI in 2008 were observed in BIFAP (3.01 (95% confidence interval (CI) 2.13-4.25) per 100,000 person-years than CPRD (1.35 (95% CI 1.03-1.78)). This study shows that it is feasible to identify ALI cases if restrictive selection criteria are used and the possibility to review additional information to rule out differential diagnoses. Our results confirm that idiopathic ALI is a very rare disease in the general population. Finally, the construction of a standard definition with predefined criteria facilitates the timely comparison across databases.