Pressure Safety: Advanced Live 11459

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glass, George

Many Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL) operations use pressure equipment and systems. Failure to follow proper procedures when designing or operating pressure systems can result in injuries to personnel and damage to equipment and/or the environment. This manual presents an overview of the requirements and recommendations that address the safe design and operation of pressure systems at LANL.

Guidelines and Suggestions for Balloon Gondola Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franco, Hugo

2017-01-01

This paper discusses the current gondola design requirements for the Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility (CSBF). The CSBF is responsible for launching and supporting balloon borne scientific instruments and has some current updated guidelines that will be discussed in this presentation. As the sophistication of Payload systems have increased in size and complexity new guidelines have been implemented in order to make these instruments stay within the acceptable launch risks. Additionally, there is a requirement to submit a proper stress analysis report that states the flight design requirements have been met. Suggestions are discussed in this presentation that establish the proper guidelines to submit these.

An adaptive tracking observer for failure-detection systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sidar, M.

1982-01-01

The design problem of adaptive observers applied to linear, constant and variable parameters, multi-input, multi-output systems, is considered. It is shown that, in order to keep the observer's (or Kalman filter) false-alarm rate (FAR) under a certain specified value, it is necessary to have an acceptable proper matching between the observer (or KF) model and the system parameters. An adaptive observer algorithm is introduced in order to maintain desired system-observer model matching, despite initial mismatching and/or system parameter variations. Only a properly designed adaptive observer is able to detect abrupt changes in the system (actuator, sensor failures, etc.) with adequate reliability and FAR. Conditions for convergence for the adaptive process were obtained, leading to a simple adaptive law (algorithm) with the possibility of an a priori choice of fixed adaptive gains. Simulation results show good tracking performance with small observer output errors and accurate and fast parameter identification, in both deterministic and stochastic cases.

Lighting for Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benya, James R.

This publication highlights some of the benefits of proper daylighting design in educational facilities, discusses energy efficient electric lighting choices schools can make that are long lasting and require little maintenance, and offers six steps for designing lighting systems that use half the energy of earlier conventional designs. Several…

Recreating Liberal Education: Student-Designed Programming after a Decade.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Mark; Clarke, John

1980-01-01

Though student-designed programs have been justified by references to humanism, systems theory, and romantic idealism, a more secure foundation lies in developmental theory. When properly advised, it is suggested, student-designed programs resemble the most desirable processes of liberal education. (Author/MLW)

Temperature Control. Honeywell Planning Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honeywell, Inc., Minneapolis, Minn.

Presents planning considerations in selecting proper temperature control systems. Various aspects are discussed including--(1) adequate environmental control, (2) adequate control area, (3) control system design, (4) operators rate their systems, (5) type of control components, (6) basic control system, (7) automatic control systems, and (8)…

Design criteria monograph on turbopump systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Turbopump assembly for modern liquid propellant rocket engine is complete system in itself. It consists of many components, some of which are themselves subsystems. Monograph deals with turbopump as system, covering selection of proper system type for each application and integration of components into working system.

Invited Paper Thin Film Technology In Design And Production Of Optical Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guenther, K. H.; Menningen, R.; Burke, C. A.

1983-10-01

Basic optical properties of dielectric thin films for interference applications and of metallic optical coatings are reviewed. Some design considerations of how to use thin films best in optical systems are given, and some aspects of thin film production technology relevant to the optical designer and the optician are addressed. The necessity of proper specifications, inclusive of test methods, is emphasized.

ATLAS, an integrated structural analysis and design system. Volume 5: System demonstration problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Samuel, R. A. (Editor)

1979-01-01

One of a series of documents describing the ATLAS System for structural analysis and design is presented. A set of problems is described that demonstrate the various analysis and design capabilities of the ATLAS System proper as well as capabilities available by means of interfaces with other computer programs. Input data and results for each demonstration problem are discussed. Results are compared to theoretical solutions or experimental data where possible. Listings of all input data are included.

Mars Tumbleweed Simulation Using Singular Perturbation Theory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raiszadeh, Behzad; Calhoun, Phillip

2005-01-01

The Mars Tumbleweed is a new surface rover concept that utilizes Martian winds as the primary source of mobility. Several designs have been proposed for the Mars Tumbleweed, all using aerodynamic drag to generate force for traveling about the surface. The Mars Tumbleweed, in its deployed configuration, must be large and lightweight to provide the ratio of drag force to rolling resistance necessary to initiate motion from the Martian surface. This paper discusses the dynamic simulation details of a candidate Tumbleweed design. The dynamic simulation model must properly evaluate and characterize the motion of the tumbleweed rover to support proper selection of system design parameters. Several factors, such as model flexibility, simulation run times, and model accuracy needed to be considered in modeling assumptions. The simulation was required to address the flexibility of the rover and its interaction with the ground, and properly evaluate its mobility. Proper assumptions needed to be made such that the simulated dynamic motion is accurate and realistic while not overly burdened by long simulation run times. This paper also shows results that provided reasonable correlation between the simulation and a drop/roll test of a tumbleweed prototype.

Considerations for the Optimal Design of a Two-Way Interactive Distance Education Classroom.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gregg, Joe; Persichitte, Kay

To make effective use of a two-way interactive distance education system, classroom design should be a primary consideration. A properly designed classroom will enhance content objectives and increase acceptance of this type of instructional delivery. This paper describes key considerations for optimal design. Construction considerations include…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Clausing, R.E.

Equations based on kinetic theory relate the contamination of refractory metals in vacuum to the appropriate variables. Several examples are given for which the allowable system pressures are calculated. The examples illustrate the effect of varying several parameters. The importance of the sticking factor for active gases on hot refractory metals and its effect on the system design are discussed. The data for estimating the sticking factor for O/sub 2/ on Nb are given, along with some estimated values. Experimental data on the composition and rates of outgassing of ultrahigh-vacuum systems and their importance in system design are discussed. Severalmore » methods of reducing contamination rates and the relative ease and effectiveness of these methods are presented. It was concluded that tests of 1000 hr or longer will probably require system pressures of between 10/sup -9/ and 10/sup -6/ torr, the particular pressure depending upon the residual gas composition, test duration, allowable contamination level, and the other variables discussed. Since the most important source of contamination in a properly designed ultrahigh-vacuum system is the outgassing process, bakeable systems should be designed to operate with walls as cool as practical, and to have a minimum of surface area and outgassing materials inside. Considerable added protection may be obtained by incorporating sacrificial getter surfaces in the system, or, alternatively, higher pressures may be tolerated if proper getter design is used. (auth)« less

Advanced Design Features of APR1400 and Realization in Shin Kori Construction Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

OH, S.J.; Park, K.C.; Kim, H.G.

2006-07-01

APR1400 adopted several advanced design features. To ensure their proper operation as a part of ShinKori 3,4 project, both experimental and analytical work are continuing. In this paper, work on the advanced design features related to enhanced safety is examined. APR1400 safety injection system consists of four independent trains which include four safety injection pump and tanks. A passive flow regulating device called fluidic device is installed in the safety injection tanks. Separate effect tests including a full scale fluidic device tests have been conducted. Integral system tests are in progress. Combination of these work with the analytical work usingmore » RELAP5/Mod3 would ensure the proper operation of the new safety injection systems. To mitigate severe accidents, hydrogen mitigation system using PARs and igniters is adopted. Also, active injection system and the streamlined insulation design are adopted to enhance the in-vessel retention capability with the external cooling of RPV strategy. Analytic work with supporting experiments is performed. We are certain that these preparatory work would help the successful adaptation of ADF in ShinKori project. (authors)« less

Design and Implementation of an Interactive System for Teaching the Islamic Prayer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farsi, Mohammed; Munro, Malcolm

2016-01-01

Background: The Islamic Prayer is central to the Islam religion and is a requirement for all Muslims to learn and perform properly. Teaching the Islamic Prayer had traditionally been through the use of textbooks. Aims: This paper describes the design and implementation of the iIP (interactive Islamic Prayer) system to teach the Islamic prayer…

M-MRAC Backstepping for Systems with Unknown Virtual Control Coefficients

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stepanyan, Vahram; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje

2015-01-01

The paper presents an over-parametrization free certainty equivalence state feedback backstepping adaptive control design method for systems of any relative degree with unmatched uncertainties and unknown virtual control coefficients. It uses a fast prediction model to estimate the unknown parameters, which is independent of the control design. It is shown that the system's input and output tracking errors can be systematically decreased by the proper choice of the design parameters. The benefits of the approach are demonstrated in numerical simulations.

Certainty Equivalence M-MRAC for Systems with Unmatched Uncertainties

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stepanyan, Vahram; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje

2012-01-01

The paper presents a certainty equivalence state feedback indirect adaptive control design method for the systems of any relative degree with unmatched uncertainties. The approach is based on the parameter identification (estimation) model, which is completely separated from the control design and is capable of producing parameter estimates as fast as the computing power allows without generating high frequency oscillations. It is shown that the system's input and output tracking errors can be systematically decreased by the proper choice of the design parameters.

A numerical approach to controller design for the ACES facility

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Frazier, W. Garth; Irwin, R. Dennis

1993-01-01

In recent years the employment of active control techniques for improving the performance of systems involving highly flexible structures has become a topic of considerable research interest. Most of these systems are quite complicated, using multiple actuators and sensors, and possessing high order models. The majority of analytical controller synthesis procedures capable of handling multivariable systems in a systematic way require considerable insight into the underlying mathematical theory to achieve a successful design. This insight is needed in selecting the proper weighting matrices or weighting functions to cast what is naturally a multiple constraint satisfaction problem into an unconstrained optimization problem. Although designers possessing considerable experience with these techniques have a feel for the proper choice of weights, others may spend a significant amount of time attempting to find an acceptable solution. Another disadvantage of such procedures is that the resulting controller has an order greater than or equal to that of the model used for the design. Of course, the order of these controllers can often be reduced, but again this requires a good understanding of the theory involved.

Design of integrated pitch axis for autopilot/autothrottle and integrated lateral axis for autopilot/yaw damper for NASA TSRV airplane using integral LQG methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaminer, Isaac; Benson, Russell A.; Coleman, Edward E.; Ebrahimi, Yaghoob S.

1990-01-01

Two designs are presented for control systems for the NASA Transport System Research Vehicle (TSRV) using integral Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) methodology. The first is an integrated longitudinal autopilot/autothrottle design and the second design is an integrated lateral autopilot/yaw damper/sideslip controller design. It is shown that a systematic top-down approach to a complex design problem combined with proper application of modern control synthesis techniques yields a satisfactory solution in a reasonable period of time.

CO2 laser ranging systems study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Filippi, C. A.

1975-01-01

The conceptual design and error performance of a CO2 laser ranging system are analyzed. Ranging signal and subsystem processing alternatives are identified, and their comprehensive evaluation yields preferred candidate solutions which are analyzed to derive range and range rate error contributions. The performance results are presented in the form of extensive tables and figures which identify the ranging accuracy compromises as a function of the key system design parameters and subsystem performance indexes. The ranging errors obtained are noted to be within the high accuracy requirements of existing NASA/GSFC missions with a proper system design.

Navigating the Requirements Jungle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Langer, Boris; Tautschnig, Michael

Research on validation and verification of requirements specifications has thus far focused on functional properties. Yet, in embedded systems, functional requirements constitute only a small fraction of the properties that must hold to guarantee proper and safe operation of the system under design.

Workshop on Microwave Power Transmission and Reception. Workshop Paper Summaries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Microwave systems performance and phase control are discussed. Component design and reliability are highlighted. The power amplifiers, radiating elements, rectennas, and solid state configurations are described. The proper sizing of microwave transmission systems is also discussed.

49 CFR 193.2619 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Control systems. 193.2619 Section 193.2619...: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2619 Control systems. (a) Each control system must be properly adjusted to operate within design limits. (b) If a control system is out of service for 30 days or more, it...

49 CFR 193.2619 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Control systems. 193.2619 Section 193.2619...: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2619 Control systems. (a) Each control system must be properly adjusted to operate within design limits. (b) If a control system is out of service for 30 days or more, it...

49 CFR 193.2619 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Control systems. 193.2619 Section 193.2619...: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2619 Control systems. (a) Each control system must be properly adjusted to operate within design limits. (b) If a control system is out of service for 30 days or more, it...

49 CFR 193.2619 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Control systems. 193.2619 Section 193.2619...: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2619 Control systems. (a) Each control system must be properly adjusted to operate within design limits. (b) If a control system is out of service for 30 days or more, it...

49 CFR 193.2619 - Control systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Control systems. 193.2619 Section 193.2619...: FEDERAL SAFETY STANDARDS Maintenance § 193.2619 Control systems. (a) Each control system must be properly adjusted to operate within design limits. (b) If a control system is out of service for 30 days or more, it...

Quantum logic gates based on coherent electron transport in quantum wires.

PubMed

Bertoni, A; Bordone, P; Brunetti, R; Jacoboni, C; Reggiani, S

2000-06-19

It is shown that the universal set of quantum logic gates can be realized using solid-state quantum bits based on coherent electron transport in quantum wires. The elementary quantum bits are realized with a proper design of two quantum wires coupled through a potential barrier. Numerical simulations show that (a) a proper design of the coupling barrier allows one to realize any one-qbit rotation and (b) Coulomb interaction between two qbits of this kind allows the implementation of the CNOT gate. These systems are based on a mature technology and seem to be integrable with conventional electronics.

Safe and Sanitary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Ed; Hauser, Dan

1994-01-01

Explains how daily maintenance and design planning can reduce the potential safety hazards found in athletic-facility locker rooms. Topics include designing locker rooms for visual openness and traffic control, providing non-slip surfaces and proper drainage, installing ventilation systems that can handle the moisture produced in locker rooms,…

Three CLIPS-based expert systems for solving engineering problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parkinson, W. J.; Luger, G. F.; Bretz, R. E.

1990-01-01

We have written three expert systems, using the CLIPS PC-based expert system shell. These three expert systems are rule based and are relatively small, with the largest containing slightly less than 200 rules. The first expert system is an expert assistant that was written to help users of the ASPEN computer code choose the proper thermodynamic package to use with their particular vapor-liquid equilibrium problem. The second expert system was designed to help petroleum engineers choose the proper enhanced oil recovery method to be used with a given reservoir. The effectiveness of each technique is highly dependent upon the reservoir conditions. The third expert system is a combination consultant and control system. This system was designed specifically for silicon carbide whisker growth. Silicon carbide whiskers are an extremely strong product used to make ceramic and metal composites. The manufacture of whiskers is a very complicated process. which to date. has defied a good mathematical model. The process was run by experts who had gained their expertise by trial and error. A system of rules was devised by these experts both for procedure setup and for the process control. In this paper we discuss the three problem areas of the design, development and evaluation of the CLIPS-based programs.

An innovative approach to compensator design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, J. R.; Mcdaniel, W. L., Jr.

1973-01-01

The design is considered of a computer-aided-compensator for a control system from a frequency domain point of view. The design technique developed is based on describing the open loop frequency response by n discrete frequency points which result in n functions of the compensator coefficients. Several of these functions are chosen so that the system specifications are properly portrayed; then mathematical programming is used to improve all of these functions which have values below minimum standards. To do this, several definitions in regard to measuring the performance of a system in the frequency domain are given, e.g., relative stability, relative attenuation, proper phasing, etc. Next, theorems which govern the number of compensator coefficients necessary to make improvements in a certain number of functions are proved. After this a mathematical programming tool for aiding in the solution of the problem is developed. This tool is called the constraint improvement algorithm. Then for applying the constraint improvement algorithm generalized, gradients for the constraints are derived. Finally, the necessary theory is incorporated in a Computer program called CIP (compensator Improvement Program). The practical usefulness of CIP is demonstrated by two large system examples.

Design, parametrization, and pole placement of stabilizing output feedback compensators via injective cogenerator quotient signal modules.

PubMed

Blumthaler, Ingrid; Oberst, Ulrich

2012-03-01

Control design belongs to the most important and difficult tasks of control engineering and has therefore been treated by many prominent researchers and in many textbooks, the systems being generally described by their transfer matrices or by Rosenbrock equations and more recently also as behaviors. Our approach to controller design uses, in addition to the ideas of our predecessors on coprime factorizations of transfer matrices and on the parametrization of stabilizing compensators, a new mathematical technique which enables simpler design and also new theorems in spite of the many outstanding results of the literature: (1) We use an injective cogenerator signal module ℱ over the polynomial algebra [Formula: see text] (F an infinite field), a saturated multiplicatively closed set T of stable polynomials and its quotient ring [Formula: see text] of stable rational functions. This enables the simultaneous treatment of continuous and discrete systems and of all notions of stability, called T-stability. We investigate stabilizing control design by output feedback of input/output (IO) behaviors and study the full feedback IO behavior, especially its autonomous part and not only its transfer matrix. (2) The new technique is characterized by the permanent application of the injective cogenerator quotient signal module [Formula: see text] and of quotient behaviors [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text]-behaviors B. (3) For the control tasks of tracking, disturbance rejection, model matching, and decoupling and not necessarily proper plants we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of proper stabilizing compensators with proper and stable closed loop behaviors, parametrize all such compensators as IO behaviors and not only their transfer matrices and give new algorithms for their construction. Moreover we solve the problem of pole placement or spectral assignability for the complete feedback behavior. The properness of the full feedback behavior ensures the absence of impulsive solutions in the continuous case, and that of the compensator enables its realization by Kalman state space equations or elementary building blocks. We note that every behavior admits an IO decomposition with proper transfer matrix, but that most of these decompositions do not have this property, and therefore we do not assume the properness of the plant. (4) The new technique can also be applied to more general control interconnections according to Willems, in particular to two-parameter feedback compensators and to the recent tracking framework of Fiaz/Takaba/Trentelman. In contrast to these authors, however, we pay special attention to the properness of all constructed transfer matrices which requires more subtle algorithms.

Design data brochure for CSI series V solar heating system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Generalized information on system configuration, system sizing, and mechanical layout is presented to assist the architect or designer in preparing construction drawings and specifications for the installation of the CSI integrated solar heating systems. Efficiency in space utilization of a full length collector and the importance of proper sizing of the collector array are among the topics discussed. Details of storage and transport subsystems are provided along with drawings and specifications of all components of the CSI system.

Models of Learning in ICAI.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duchastel, P.; And Others

1989-01-01

Discusses intelligent computer assisted instruction (ICAI) and presents various models of learning which have been proposed. Topics discussed include artificial intelligence; intelligent tutorial systems; tutorial strategies; learner control; system design; learning theory; and knowledge representation of proper and improper (i.e., incorrect)…

The Moisture Menace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chivetta, Christopher

2001-01-01

Discusses how to control an indoor pool environment by understanding the mechanics of water evaporation, condensation, and migration. Stresses the need for a properly designed, installed, operated, and maintained mechanical system. (GR)

Designing a holistic end-to-end intelligent network analysis and security platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alzahrani, M.

2018-03-01

Firewall protects a network from outside attacks, however, once an attack entering a network, it is difficult to detect. Recent significance accidents happened. i.e.: millions of Yahoo email account were stolen and crucial data from institutions are held for ransom. Within two year Yahoo’s system administrators were not aware that there are intruder inside the network. This happened due to the lack of intelligent tools to monitor user behaviour in internal network. This paper discusses a design of an intelligent anomaly/malware detection system with proper proactive actions. The aim is to equip the system administrator with a proper tool to battle the insider attackers. The proposed system adopts machine learning to analyse user’s behaviour through the runtime behaviour of each node in the network. The machine learning techniques include: deep learning, evolving machine learning perceptron, hybrid of Neural Network and Fuzzy, as well as predictive memory techniques. The proposed system is expanded to deal with larger network using agent techniques.

Multiple spacecraft configuration designs for coordinated flight missions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fumenti, Federico; Theil, Stephan

2018-06-01

Coordinated flight allows the replacement of a single monolithic spacecraft with multiple smaller ones, based on the principle of distributed systems. According to the mission objectives and to ensure a safe relative motion, constraints on the relative distances need to be satisfied. Initially, differential perturbations are limited by proper orbit design. Then, the induced differential drifts can be properly handled through corrective maneuvers. In this work, several designs are surveyed, defining the initial configuration of a group of spacecraft while counteracting the differential perturbations. For each of the investigated designs, focus is placed upon the number of deployable spacecraft and on the possibility to ensure safe relative motion through station keeping of the initial configuration, with particular attention to the required Δ V budget and the constraints violations.

Breathing Easy

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This fact sheet provides practical information and guidance to auto refinish shops on proper ventilation of paint mixing rooms, including ventilation system basics and diagrams, risk reduction ideas, common mistakes, tips, and design considerations.

Cyber-Defense Return on Investment for NAVFAC Energy Technologies

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

Stakeholder input is important to properly develop a tool that reflects the legitimate concerns of those who routinely design , operate, and use control ...cybersecurity results with no control system network connectivity at all. Both are extreme scenarios, unless electrical engineers can design a...support of a Department of Defense (DOD) effort to improve cyber- security in relation to DOD installation control systems. Space and Naval Warfare

Rapid Slewing of Flexible Space Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-09-01

axis gimbal with elastic joints. The performance of the system can be enhanced by designing antenna maneuvers in which the flexible effects are...the effects of the nonlinearities so the vibrational motion can be constrained for a time-optimal slew. It is shown that by constructing an...joints. The performance of the system can be enhanced by designing antenna maneuvers in which the flexible effects are properly constrained, thus

In use performance of catalytic converters on properly maintained high mileage vehicles

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sabourin, M.A.; Larson, R.E.; Donahue, K.S.

1986-01-01

A test program to evaluate the performance of catalytic converters from fifty-six 1981 and 1982 model year high mileage properly maintained in-use vehicles (from 21 engine families) was performed by the Certification Division of the Office of Mobile Sources (EPA). The program is called the Catalyst Change Program. All program vehicles were screened for proper maintenance and for mileages that ranged from 35,000 to 60,000 miles. Among vehicles belonging to 21 high sales volume and high technology engine and emission control system designs tested, poor catalyst performance was determined to be a significant contributor to emissions failure of properly-maintained vehiclesmore » at or near their warranted useful life mileage.« less

32 CFR 536.105 - Responsibilities generally/international agreements claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Monitoring the reimbursement system to ensure that programs for the proper verification and certification of... liaison with sending State representatives and establishing procedures designed to carry out the...

Proper battery system design for GAS experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calogero, Stephen A.

1992-10-01

The purpose of this paper is to help the GAS experimenter to design a battery system that meets mission success requirements while at the same time reducing the hazards associated with the battery system. Lead-acid, silver-zinc and alkaline chemistry batteries will be discussed. Lithium batteries will be briefly discussed with emphasis on back-up power supply capabilities. The hazards associated with different battery configurations will be discussed along with the controls necessary to make the battery system two-fault tolerant.

Proper battery system design for GAS experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calogero, Stephen A.

1992-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to help the GAS experimenter to design a battery system that meets mission success requirements while at the same time reducing the hazards associated with the battery system. Lead-acid, silver-zinc and alkaline chemistry batteries will be discussed. Lithium batteries will be briefly discussed with emphasis on back-up power supply capabilities. The hazards associated with different battery configurations will be discussed along with the controls necessary to make the battery system two-fault tolerant.

47 CFR 78.51 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... control system shall be installed and protected in a manner designed to prevent tampering or operation by... transmissions and a carrier operated device which will give a continuous visual indication whenever the... necessary to insure proper operation. (4) The control circuits shall be so designed and installed that short...

47 CFR 78.51 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... control system shall be installed and protected in a manner designed to prevent tampering or operation by... transmissions and a carrier operated device which will give a continuous visual indication whenever the... necessary to insure proper operation. (4) The control circuits shall be so designed and installed that short...

32 CFR 319.13 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.13 Specific exemptions. (a) All systems of records maintained by the Director Intelligence Agency shall be exempt from the requirements of 5 U.S.C... has been properly classified. (b) The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, designated the systems of...

32 CFR 319.13 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.13 Specific exemptions. (a) All systems of records maintained by the Director Intelligence Agency shall be exempt from the requirements of 5 U.S.C... has been properly classified. (b) The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, designated the systems of...

32 CFR 319.13 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.13 Specific exemptions. (a) All systems of records maintained by the Director Intelligence Agency shall be exempt from the requirements of 5 U.S.C... has been properly classified. (b) The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, designated the systems of...

32 CFR 319.13 - Specific exemptions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.13 Specific exemptions. (a) All systems of records maintained by the Director Intelligence Agency shall be exempt from the requirements of 5 U.S.C... has been properly classified. (b) The Director, Defense Intelligence Agency, designated the systems of...

Models in the Design and Validation of Eddy Current Inspection for Cracking in the Shuttle Reaction Control System Thruster

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aldrin, John C.; Williams, Phillip A.; Wincheski, Russell (Buzz) A.

2008-01-01

A case study is presented for using models in eddy current NDE design for crack detection in Shuttle Reaction Control System thruster components. Numerical methods were used to address the complex geometry of the part and perform parametric studies of potential transducer designs. Simulations were found to show agreement with experimental results. Accurate representation of the coherent noise associated with the measurement and part geometry was found to be critical to properly evaluate the best probe designs.

Pipelined CPU Design with FPGA in Teaching Computer Architecture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Jong Hyuk; Lee, Seung Eun; Yu, Heon Chang; Suh, Taeweon

2012-01-01

This paper presents a pipelined CPU design project with a field programmable gate array (FPGA) system in a computer architecture course. The class project is a five-stage pipelined 32-bit MIPS design with experiments on the Altera DE2 board. For proper scheduling, milestones were set every one or two weeks to help students complete the project on…

Organizing a breast cancer database: data management.

PubMed

Yi, Min; Hunt, Kelly K

2016-06-01

Developing and organizing a breast cancer database can provide data and serve as valuable research tools for those interested in the etiology, diagnosis, and treatment of cancer. Depending on the research setting, the quality of the data can be a major issue. Assuring that the data collection process does not contribute inaccuracies can help to assure the overall quality of subsequent analyses. Data management is work that involves the planning, development, implementation, and administration of systems for the acquisition, storage, and retrieval of data while protecting it by implementing high security levels. A properly designed database provides you with access to up-to-date, accurate information. Database design is an important component of application design. If you take the time to design your databases properly, you'll be rewarded with a solid application foundation on which you can build the rest of your application.

Economics In Optical Design, Analysis, And Production

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Willey, Ronald R.

1983-10-01

There are indications that we are entering an era wherein economics will play an increasing role in the optical design and production process. Economics has always been a factor in the competition between commercial ventures in the product arena. Now, we may begin to see competition between different technologies for the scarce resources of the society, including money. A proper design approach begins with a thorough examination and refinement of the requirements from the top down. The interrelationships of the various components must be properly understood and balanced. The specifications must be clear, complete, and realistic. Improper or incomplete system design can cause an extensive waste of resources. The detail optical design to meet the performance requirements has sometimes been the only part of the process that the designer has considered his own responsibility. The final optimization should also consider economic related factors: the cost of tolerances, the available tools test plates, materials, and test equipment. In the preliminary design stage, he should have decided which alignment and test methods are most appropriate to the system. The distribution of tolerances in an optical/mechanical system is a frequently neglected opportunity to reduce cost. We have reported previously on our work in this area, and expand further on it in the context of this paper. The designer now has an opportunity to generate better designs at a lower cost that are more economical to produce. The watchword for the 1980's may become the one found in the assembly automation industry: "more, better, for less".

Design Recommendations for Query Languages

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

DESIGN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR QUERY LANGUAGES S.L. Ehrenreich Submitted by: Stanley M. Halpin, Acting Chief HUMAN FACTORS TECHNICAL AREA Approved by: Edgar ...respond to que- ries that it recognizes as faulty. Codd (1974) states that in designing a nat- ural query language, attention must be given to dealing...impaired. Codd (1974) also regarded the user’s perception of the data base to be of critical importance in properly designing a query language system

21 CFR 110.20 - Plant and grounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... filth, or providing a breeding place for pests. (4) Operating systems for waste treatment and disposal... controls and operating practices or effective design, including the separation of operations in which..., enclosed systems, or other effective means. (3) Permit the taking of proper precautions to protect food in...

21 CFR 110.20 - Plant and grounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... filth, or providing a breeding place for pests. (4) Operating systems for waste treatment and disposal... controls and operating practices or effective design, including the separation of operations in which..., enclosed systems, or other effective means. (3) Permit the taking of proper precautions to protect food in...

21 CFR 110.20 - Plant and grounds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... filth, or providing a breeding place for pests. (4) Operating systems for waste treatment and disposal... controls and operating practices or effective design, including the separation of operations in which..., enclosed systems, or other effective means. (3) Permit the taking of proper precautions to protect food in...

Feasibility study of an Integrated Program for Aerospace-vehicle Design (IPAD) system. Volume 3: Engineering creative/evaluation processes, phase 1, task 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrocq, C. A.; Hosek, J. J.

1973-01-01

A series of functional flow charts are considered that were developed to properly identify and record the degree of participation of the disciplines considered in this feasibility study and the type of data required in the design process.

Turbofan engine control system design using the LQG/LTR methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garg, Sanjay

1989-01-01

Application of the linear-quadratic-Gaussian with loop-transfer-recovery methodology to design of a control system for a simplified turbofan engine model is considered. The importance of properly scaling the plant to achieve the desired target feedback loop is emphasized. The steps involved in the application of the methodology are discussed via an example, and evaluation results are presented for a reduced-order compensator. The effect of scaling the plant on the stability robustness evaluation of the closed-loop system is studied in detail.

Turbofan engine control system design using the LQG/LTR methodology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garg, Sanjay

1989-01-01

Application of the Linear-Quadratic-Gaussian with Loop-Transfer-Recovery methodology to design of a control system for a simplified turbofan engine model is considered. The importance of properly scaling the plant to achieve the desired Target-Feedback-Loop is emphasized. The steps involved in the application of the methodology are discussed via an example, and evaluation results are presented for a reduced-order compensator. The effect of scaling the plant on the stability robustness evaluation of the closed-loop system is studied in detail.

Filter line wiring designs in aircraft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rowe, Richard M.

1990-10-01

The paper presents a harness design using a filter-line wire technology and appropriate termination methods to help meet high-energy radiated electromagnetic field (HERF) requirements for protection against the adverse effects of EMI on electrical and avionic systems. Filter-line interconnect harnessing systems discussed consist of high-performance wires and cables; when properly wired they suppress conducted and radiated EMI above 100 MHz. Filter-line termination devices include backshell adapters, braid splicers, and shield terminators providing 360-degree low-impedance terminations and enhancing maintainability of the system.

Design study of a feedback control system for the Multicyclic Flap System rotor (MFS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weisbrich, R.; Perley, R.; Howes, H.

1977-01-01

The feasibility of automatically providing higher harmonic control to a deflectable control flap at the tip of a helicopter rotor blade through feedback of selected independent parameter was investigated. Control parameters were selected for input to the feedback system. A preliminary circuit was designed to condition the selected parameters, weigh limiting factors, and provide a proper output signal to the multi-cyclic control actuators. Results indicate that feedback control for the higher harmonic is feasible; however, design for a flight system requires an extension of the present analysis which was done for one flight condition - 120 kts, 11,500 lbs gross weight and level flight.

Present capabilities and future requirements for computer-aided geometric modeling in the design and manufacture of gas turbine

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Caille, E.; Propen, M.; Hoffman, A.

1984-01-01

Gas turbine engine design requires the ability to rapidly develop complex structures which are subject to severe thermal and mechanical operating loads. As in all facets of the aerospace industry, engine designs are constantly driving towards increased performance, higher temperatures, higher speeds, and lower weight. The ability to address such requirements in a relatively short time frame has resulted in a major thrust towards integrated design/analysis/manufacturing systems. These computer driven graphics systems represent a unique challenge, with major payback opportunities if properly conceived, implemented, and applied.

Design, fabrication and systems integration of a satellite tracked, free-drifting ocean data buoy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wallace, J. W.; Cox, J. W.

1976-01-01

Engineering details are presented of a small free-drifting buoy configuration designed for use in the study of continental shelf water circulation patterns in the Chesapeake Bight of the Western North Atlantic Ocean. The buoy incoporated French instrumentation and was interrogated by the French EOLE satellite to provide position and four channels of temperature data. The buoy design included a variable depth drogue and a power supply sufficient for six weeks of continuous operations. Proof tests of the configuration indicated an adequate design and subsequent field experiments verified the proper functioning of the system.

41 CFR 102-74.340 - Who is responsible for monitoring and controlling areas designated for smoking by an agency head...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... with proper signage? 102-74.340 Section 102-74.340 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... designated for smoking by an agency head and for identifying those areas with proper signage? Agency heads... smoking and identifying these areas with proper signage. Suitable, uniform signs reading “Designated...

41 CFR 102-74.340 - Who is responsible for monitoring and controlling areas designated for smoking by an agency head...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... with proper signage? 102-74.340 Section 102-74.340 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... designated for smoking by an agency head and for identifying those areas with proper signage? Agency heads... smoking and identifying these areas with proper signage. Suitable, uniform signs reading “Designated...

41 CFR 102-74.340 - Who is responsible for monitoring and controlling areas designated for smoking by an agency head...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... with proper signage? 102-74.340 Section 102-74.340 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... designated for smoking by an agency head and for identifying those areas with proper signage? Agency heads... smoking and identifying these areas with proper signage. Suitable, uniform signs reading “Designated...

41 CFR 102-74.340 - Who is responsible for monitoring and controlling areas designated for smoking by an agency head...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... with proper signage? 102-74.340 Section 102-74.340 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... designated for smoking by an agency head and for identifying those areas with proper signage? Agency heads... smoking and identifying these areas with proper signage. Suitable, uniform signs reading “Designated...

41 CFR 102-74.340 - Who is responsible for monitoring and controlling areas designated for smoking by an agency head...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... with proper signage? 102-74.340 Section 102-74.340 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal... designated for smoking by an agency head and for identifying those areas with proper signage? Agency heads... smoking and identifying these areas with proper signage. Suitable, uniform signs reading “Designated...

A gas-loading system for LANL two-stage gas guns

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gibson, Lloyd Lee; Bartram, Brian Douglas; Dattelbaum, Dana Mcgraw

A novel gas loading system was designed for the specific application of remotely loading high purity gases into targets for gas-gun driven plate impact experiments. The high purity gases are loaded into well-defined target configurations to obtain Hugoniot states in the gas phase at greater than ambient pressures.The small volume of the gas samples is challenging, as slight changing in the ambient temperature result in measurable pressure changes. Therefore, the ability to load a gas gun target and continually monitor the sample pressure prior to firing provides the most stable and reliable target fielding approach. We present the design andmore » evaluation of a gas loading system built for the LANL 50 mm bore two-stage light gas gun. Targets for the gun are made of 6061 Al or OFHC Cu, and assembled to form a gas containment cell with a volume of approximately 1.38 cc. The compatibility of materials was a major consideration in the design of the system, particularly for its use with corrosive gases. Piping and valves are stainless steel with wetted seals made from Kalrez® and Teflon®. Preliminary testing was completed to ensure proper flow rate and that the proper safety controls were in place. The system has been used to successfully load Ar, Kr, Xe, and anhydrous ammonia with purities of up to 99.999 percent. The design of the system and example data from the plate impact experiments will be shown.« less

A gas-loading system for LANL two-stage gas guns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibson, L. L.; Bartram, B. D.; Dattelbaum, D. M.; Lang, J. M.; Morris, J. S.

2017-01-01

A novel gas loading system was designed for the specific application of remotely loading high purity gases into targets for gas-gun driven plate impact experiments. The high purity gases are loaded into well-defined target configurations to obtain Hugoniot states in the gas phase at greater than ambient pressures. The small volume of the gas samples is challenging, as slight changing in the ambient temperature result in measurable pressure changes. Therefore, the ability to load a gas gun target and continually monitor the sample pressure prior to firing provides the most stable and reliable target fielding approach. We present the design and evaluation of a gas loading system built for the LANL 50 mm bore two-stage light gas gun. Targets for the gun are made of 6061 Al or OFHC Cu, and assembled to form a gas containment cell with a volume of approximately 1.38 cc. The compatibility of materials was a major consideration in the design of the system, particularly for its use with corrosive gases. Piping and valves are stainless steel with wetted seals made from Kalrez® and Teflon®. Preliminary testing was completed to ensure proper flow rate and that the proper safety controls were in place. The system has been used to successfully load Ar, Kr, Xe, and anhydrous ammonia with purities of up to 99.999 percent. The design of the system and example data from the plate impact experiments will be shown.

Fast-acting sprinkler system design considerations for propellant manufacture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matthews, A. L.; Crable, J. M.; Kristoff, P. T.

1984-08-01

Fast-acting sprinkler systems for detection and suppression of fires in propellant operations, which require activation in the millisecond range in order to be effective, can be easily defeated unless particular attention is paid to design and maintenance details. Of primary consideration are detector selection and placement in processes to minimize the effect of environmental influences. Also important are nozzle placement, water flow density, water supply pressure, and pattern and sloping of piping. When all of these design criteria are properly implemented, water application can occur within 100 ms of fire detection.

An operations concept methodology to achieve low-cost mission operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ledbetter, Kenneth W.; Wall, Stephen D.

1993-01-01

Historically, the Mission Operations System (MOS) for a space mission has been designed last because it is needed last. This has usually meant that the ground system must adjust to the flight vehicle design, sometimes at a significant cost. As newer missions have increasingly longer flight operations lifetimes, the MOS becomes proportionally more difficult and more resource-consuming. We can no longer afford to design the MOS last. The MOS concept may well drive the spacecraft, instrument, and mission designs, as well as the ground system. A method to help avoid these difficulties, responding to the changing nature of mission operations is presented. Proper development and use of an Operations Concept document results in a combined flight and ground system design yielding enhanced operability and producing increased flexibility for less cost.

Selection of a surface tension propellant management system for the Viking 75 Orbiter.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dowdy, M. W.; Debrock, S. C.

1972-01-01

Discussion of the propellant management system requirements derived for the Viking 75 mission, and review of a series of surface tension propellant management system design concepts. The chosen concept is identified and its mission operation described. The ullage bubble and bulk liquid positioning characteristics are presented, along with propellant dynamic considerations entailed by thrust initiation/termination. Pressurization design considerations, required to assure minimum disturbance to the bulk propellant, are introduced as well as those of the tank ullage vent. Design provisions to assure liquid communication between tank ends are discussed. Results of a preliminary design study are presented, including mechanical testing requirements to assure structural integrity, propellant compatibility, and proper installation.

Application of 3D printing to prototype and develop novel plant tissue culture systems.

PubMed

Shukla, Mukund R; Singh, Amritpal S; Piunno, Kevin; Saxena, Praveen K; Jones, A Maxwell P

2017-01-01

Due to the complex process of designing and manufacturing new plant tissue culture vessels through conventional means there have been limited efforts to innovate improved designs. Further, development and availability of low cost, energy efficient LEDs of various spectra has made it a promising light source for plant growth in controlled environments. However, direct replacement of conventional lighting sources with LEDs does not address problems with uniformity, spectral control, or the challenges in conducting statistically valid experiments to assess the effects of light. Prototyping using 3D printing and LED based light sources could help overcome these limitations and lead to improved culture systems. A modular culture vessel design in which the fluence rate and spectrum of light are independently controlled was designed, prototyped using 3D printing, and evaluated for plant growth. This design is compatible with semi-solid and liquid based culture systems. Observations on morphology, chlorophyll content, and chlorophyll fluorescence based stress parameters from in vitro plants cultured under different light spectra with similar overall fluence rate indicated different responses in Nicotiana tabacum and Artemisia annua plantlets. This experiment validates the utility of 3D printing to design and test functional vessels and demonstrated that optimal light spectra for in vitro plant growth is species-specific. 3D printing was successfully used to prototype novel culture vessels with independently controlled variable fluence rate/spectra LED lighting. This system addresses several limitations associated with current lighting systems, providing more uniform lighting and allowing proper replication/randomization for experimental plant biology while increasing energy efficiency. A complete procedure including the design and prototyping of a culture vessel using 3D printing, commercial scale injection molding of the prototype, and conducting a properly replicated experiment are discussed. This open source design has the scope for further improvement and adaptation and demonstrates the power of 3D printing to improve the design of culture systems.

Dynamical Systems in Circuit Designer's Eyes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Odyniec, M.

Examples of nonlinear circuit design are given. Focus of the design process is on theory and engineering methods (as opposed to numerical analysis). Modeling is related to measurements It is seen that the phase plane is still very useful with proper models Harmonic balance/describing function offers powerful insight (via the combination of simulation with circuit and ODE theory). Measurement and simulation capabilities increased, especially harmonics measurements (since sinusoids are easy to generate)

The Development of an Expert System for the Creative Design of Mechanisms

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-06-26

adjacelnt Link-1 Figue 41 B.Semntc newr-bae knowlede representto cee 25 4.3 Planning Control in Mechanism Design In a "plain", rule-based expert system...the contracted level, ensures the non-crossing feature. 2. Geometrical: handled at the monochrome level, manages the approximate size of links. 3...Ornamental: handled at the colored level, manages proper orientations between binary links and other miscellaneous appearance of the sketch. Each stage

An Approach to the Comparative Analysis of the US and Soviet Economies.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-09-01

compare aithority exer:isud in different forms is hasic. Designing such a i,,easuring system necessitates development of a weighting system to measure the...Proper flie maintenance is diffi,.lt 34 a because of poor file organization, inade;tiately designed inflow of updating information, and manual methods...asiSsnet 5.1 Issues Areas for Comparative Analysis Comparativ ,. issioes relatc to i, soc-cicty’s mobjilization of resources and use of institution’, Lo a

FNAL central email systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schmidt, Jack; Lilianstrom, Al; Pasetes, Ray

2004-10-01

The FNAL Email System is the primary point of entry for email destined for an employee or user at Fermilab. This centrally supported system is designed for reliability and availability. It uses multiple layers of protection to help ensure that: (1) SPAM messages are tagged properly; (2) All mail is inspected for viruses; and (3) Valid mail gets delivered. This system employs numerous redundant subsystems to accomplish these tasks.

Diatomite filtration of water for injection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olmsted, B.C. Jr.; Bell, G.R.

1966-01-01

A discussion is presented of the capabilities, problems, and answers, in the performance of diatomite filters. The discussion includes a description of diatomite filtration, new developments, design criteria, and some case histories. Diatomite filters, when properly designed and installed, and when properly applied, can provide effective clarification of waters for injection at low capital and operating costs. Design, installation, and proper application, effectiveness, and capital and operating costs can be placed in the proper perspective in the light of general experience and recent pilot plant tests in the southern California area. (30 refs.)

Hybrid associative memory using an incoherent correlation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taniguchi, Masaki; Ichioka, Yoshiki; Matsuoka, Katsunori

1990-10-01

A hybrid heteroassociative memory is presented that uses an incoherent system in which two correlators and a nonlinear element form a nonlinear feedback system. This system can recall any pattern from an input pattern without cross-talk or ghosts by properly designing a pair of filters installed in the correlators. Experiments on a simple hybrid system were performed to ensure the operation of the system and to demonstrate the usefulness of this proposed system.

Propagation-related AMT design aspects and supporting experiments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dessouky, Khaled; Estabrook, Polly

1991-01-01

The ACTS Mobile Terminal (AMT) is presently being developed with the goal of significantly extending commercial satellite applications and their user base. A thorough knowledge of the Ka-band channel characteristics is essential to the proper design of a commercially viable system that efficiently utilizes the valuable resources. To date, only limited tests have been performed to characterize the Ka-band channel, and they have focused on the needs of fixed terminals. As part of the value of the AMT as a Ka-band test bed is its function as a vehicle through which tests specifically applicable to the mobile satellite communications can be performed. The exact propagation environment with the proper set of elevation angles, vehicle antenna gains and patterns, roadside shadowing, rain, and Doppler is encountered. The ability to measure all of the above, as well as correlate their effects with observed communication system performance, creates an invaluable opportunity to understand in depth Ka-band's potential in supporting mobile and personal communications. This paper discusses the propagation information required for system design, the setup with ACTS that will enable obtaining this information, and finally the types of experiments to be performed and data to be gathered by the AMT to meet this objective.

Lightweight coaxial cable connector reduces signal loss

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brejcha, A. G., Jr.

1965-01-01

Connectors with milled interface surfaces for perfect electrical contact eliminate secondary- emission discharge and low signal loss in RF coaxial cables. the connectors which contain alignment and centering components for proper joint concentricity are used in communications systems designs.

76 FR 55859 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards No. 121; Air Brake Systems

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-09

...- trailer on dry pavement, a highly skilled test driver may be able to achieve the shortest possible... maintained in proper working order, it would not provide the improved steering control as designed. That is...

The Commander’s Emergency Response Program: A Model for Future Implementation

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-04-07

unintended Effects. The INVEST-E methodology serves as a tool for commanders and their designated practitioners to properly select projects, increasing...for commanders and their designated practitioners to properly select projects, increasing the effectiveness of CERP funds. 4 TABLE OF...and unintended Effects. The INVEST-E methodology serves as a tool for commanders and their designated practitioners to properly select projects

Flight simulation for flight control computer S/N 0104-1 (ASTP)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Flight control computer (FCC) 0104-I has been designated the prime unit for the SA-210 launch vehicle. The results of the final flight simulation for FCC S/N 0104-I are documented. These results verify satisfactory implementation of the design release and proper interfacing of the FCC with flight-type control sensor elements and simulated thrust vector control system.

Design and development of Hoeken's structural dynamic linkage based agro-tiller machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hynes, N. Rajesh Jesudoss; Saran, K.; Pavithran, V.

2018-05-01

India is one of biggest exporters of medicinal plants, spices and other many agro products in the world. Owing to the special needs, an agricultural machine is designed using Hoeken linkage with Pantograph mechanism and developed that ensures safety digging to uproot the plant. Thus, the focus is to cut the plant by machine with proper care and shoot system is cut properly avoiding any damage to the upper part of the plant and rather be cut in the root area to use it. This is done by the agricultural cutting machine by the name "agricultural tiller machine" that can perform the action same as the objective needed for the effective production of raw materials for manufacturing of the agro products.

The opto-mechanical design process: from vision to reality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kvamme, E. Todd; Stubbs, David M.; Jacoby, Michael S.

2017-08-01

The design process for an opto-mechanical sub-system is discussed from requirements development through test. The process begins with a proper mission understanding and the development of requirements for the system. Preliminary design activities are then discussed with iterative analysis and design work being shared between the design, thermal, and structural engineering personnel. Readiness for preliminary review and the path to a final design review are considered. The value of prototyping and risk mitigation testing is examined with a focus on when it makes sense to execute a prototype test program. System level margin is discussed in general terms, and the practice of trading margin in one area of performance to meet another area is reviewed. Requirements verification and validation is briefly considered. Testing and its relationship to requirements verification concludes the design process.

Converting the Minuteman missile into a small satellite launch system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Alexander, Bill; Gonzalez, Rodolfo; Humble, Greg; Mackay, Gordon; Mchaty, Rod; Pham, VU

1993-01-01

Due to the Strategic Arms Reduction Talks (START) treaty between the United States and Ex-Soviet Union, 450 Minuteman 2 (MM 2) missiles were recently taken out of service. Minotaur Designs Incorporated (MDI) intends to convert the MM 2 ballistic missile from a nuclear warhead carrier into a small satellite launcher. MDI will perform this conversion by acquiring the Minuteman stages, purchasing currently available control wafers, and designing a new shroud and interfaces for the satellite. MDI is also responsible for properly integrating all systems.

PDSparc: A Drop-in Replacement for LEON3 Written Using Synopsys Processor Designer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-18

Written Using  Synopsys Processor Designer1  David Whelihan, Ph.D. and Kate Thurmer  MIT Lincoln Laboratory, Lexington, MA, USA    ABSTRACT  Microprocessors ...internet-enabled appliances has opened a significant new niche: the Application Specific Standard Product (ASSP) microprocessor . These processors... microprocessor is a small part of a working system and requires peripherals such as DRAM controllers and communication sub-systems to properly carry out its

Colorado Springs dedicates zero-discharge coal plant. [Ray D. Nixon plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hennessy, M.; Zeien, C.T.

1980-12-01

The zero-discharge Ray D. Nixon coal-fired power plant was designed to treat and recycle effluents in a region with limited water supplies. The site purchase included groundwater rights and some diversion rights, but a properly-managed local aquifer was determined to be adequate. The closed-loop design recovers 95 percent of the water for reuse. The overall water-management system produces adequate water and treats effluents at less cost and with higher water-quality protection than alternate systems. (DCK)

Advanced Lubrication for Energy Efficiency, Durability and Lower Maintenance Costs of Advanced Naval Components and Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-20

for transmitting the required power and torque. The proper gear set has also been sized to insure life expectancy of the test rig. The shaft design ...these at minimal cost and great environmental safety. These materials specifically designed on antiwear and extreme pressure chemistries can...nanolubricant additives are designed as surface-stabilized nanomaterials that are dispersed in a hydrocarbon medium for maximum effectiveness. This

Evaluation of a Web-based Error Reporting Surveillance System in a Large Iranian Hospital.

PubMed

Askarian, Mehrdad; Ghoreishi, Mahboobeh; Akbari Haghighinejad, Hourvash; Palenik, Charles John; Ghodsi, Maryam

2017-08-01

Proper reporting of medical errors helps healthcare providers learn from adverse incidents and improve patient safety. A well-designed and functioning confidential reporting system is an essential component to this process. There are many error reporting methods; however, web-based systems are often preferred because they can provide; comprehensive and more easily analyzed information. This study addresses the use of a web-based error reporting system. This interventional study involved the application of an in-house designed "voluntary web-based medical error reporting system." The system has been used since July 2014 in Nemazee Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The rate and severity of errors reported during the year prior and a year after system launch were compared. The slope of the error report trend line was steep during the first 12 months (B = 105.727, P = 0.00). However, it slowed following launch of the web-based reporting system and was no longer statistically significant (B = 15.27, P = 0.81) by the end of the second year. Most recorded errors were no-harm laboratory types and were due to inattention. Usually, they were reported by nurses and other permanent employees. Most reported errors occurred during morning shifts. Using a standardized web-based error reporting system can be beneficial. This study reports on the performance of an in-house designed reporting system, which appeared to properly detect and analyze medical errors. The system also generated follow-up reports in a timely and accurate manner. Detection of near-miss errors could play a significant role in identifying areas of system defects.

14 CFR 23.671 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 23.671 General. (a) Each control must operate easily, smoothly, and positively enough to allow proper performance of its functions. (b) Controls must be arranged and identified to provide for...

14 CFR 23.671 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 23.671 General. (a) Each control must operate easily, smoothly, and positively enough to allow proper performance of its functions. (b) Controls must be arranged and identified to provide for...

14 CFR 23.671 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 23.671 General. (a) Each control must operate easily, smoothly, and positively enough to allow proper performance of its functions. (b) Controls must be arranged and identified to provide for...

14 CFR 23.671 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 23.671 General. (a) Each control must operate easily, smoothly, and positively enough to allow proper performance of its functions. (b) Controls must be arranged and identified to provide for...

14 CFR 23.671 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... STANDARDS: NORMAL, UTILITY, ACROBATIC, AND COMMUTER CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 23.671 General. (a) Each control must operate easily, smoothly, and positively enough to allow proper performance of its functions. (b) Controls must be arranged and identified to provide for...

46 CFR 61.35-1 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... equipment must be tested and inspected to verify their proper design, construction, installation, and operation. (d) All tests must be performed after installation of the automatic auxiliary boiler and its... monitored system conditions by misadjustment, artificial signals, improper wiring, tampering, or revision of...

Design of low noise imaging system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Bo; Chen, Xiaolai

2017-10-01

In order to meet the needs of engineering applications for low noise imaging system under the mode of global shutter, a complete imaging system is designed based on the SCMOS (Scientific CMOS) image sensor CIS2521F. The paper introduces hardware circuit and software system design. Based on the analysis of key indexes and technologies about the imaging system, the paper makes chips selection and decides SCMOS + FPGA+ DDRII+ Camera Link as processing architecture. Then it introduces the entire system workflow and power supply and distribution unit design. As for the software system, which consists of the SCMOS control module, image acquisition module, data cache control module and transmission control module, the paper designs in Verilog language and drives it to work properly based on Xilinx FPGA. The imaging experimental results show that the imaging system exhibits a 2560*2160 pixel resolution, has a maximum frame frequency of 50 fps. The imaging quality of the system satisfies the requirement of the index.

30 CFR 250.802 - Design, installation, and operation of surface production-safety systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... properly or if any fluid flow is observed during the leakage test, the valve shall be repaired or replaced... maintenance of all fire- and gas-detection systems shall include the following: (i) Type, location, and number of detection sensors; (ii) Type and kind of alarms, including emergency equipment to be activated...

Director, Operational Test and Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

important, and all – collectively – are necessary to properly set requirements, incentivize industry, oversee system design and development, and finally...evaluation planning which defines testing required for all system-level evaluation. • Enable access to all system-level test data by government DT...responsible for sustainment cost estimates, and with the OTAs, to contribute relevant data. As with all new missions, there is a question of resources

Computational Investigation of the NASA Cascade Cyclonic Separation Device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoyt, Nathaniel C.; Kamotani, Yasuhiro; Kadambi, Jaikrishnan; McQuillen, John B.; Sankovic, John M.

2008-01-01

Devices designed to replace the absent buoyancy separation mechanism within a microgravity environment are of considerable interest to NASA as the functionality of many spacecraft systems are dependent on the proper sequestration of interpenetrating gas and liquid phases. Inasmuch, a full multifluid Euler-Euler computational fluid dynamics investigation has been undertaken to evaluate the performance characteristics of one such device, the Cascade Cyclonic Separator, across a full range of inlet volumetric quality with combined volumetric injection rates varying from 1 L/min to 20 L/min. These simulations have delimited the general modes of operation of this class of devices and have proven able to describe the complicated vortex structure and induced pressure gradients that arise. The computational work has furthermore been utilized to analyze design modifications that enhance the overall performance of these devices. The promising results indicate that proper CFD modeling may be successfully used as a tool for microgravity separator design.

Hydraulic Performance of Curb and Gutter Inlets

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-09-01

Proper drainage of the roadway is essential to highway safety. Drainage systems for roadways with curb and gutters are designed to limit spread of water on the pavement. Excess water must be captured by curb and gutter inlets. To locate and size thes...

40 CFR 85.1902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Emission Defect Reporting Requirements § 85.1902 Definitions. For the purposes...) which affects any parameter or specification enumerated in appendix VIII of this part; or (2) A defect..., components, systems, software or elements of design which must function properly to ensure continued...

40 CFR 85.1902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Emission Defect Reporting Requirements § 85.1902 Definitions. For the purposes...) which affects any parameter or specification enumerated in appendix VIII of this part; or (2) A defect..., components, systems, software or elements of design which must function properly to assure continued...

40 CFR 85.1902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Emission Defect Reporting Requirements § 85.1902 Definitions. For the purposes...) which affects any parameter or specification enumerated in appendix VIII of this part; or (2) A defect..., components, systems, software or elements of design which must function properly to ensure continued...

40 CFR 85.1902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... POLLUTION FROM MOBILE SOURCES Emission Defect Reporting Requirements § 85.1902 Definitions. For the purposes...) which affects any parameter or specification enumerated in appendix VIII of this part; or (2) A defect..., components, systems, software or elements of design which must function properly to ensure continued...

Repair, Evaluation, Maintenance, and Rehabilitation Research Program. Lubricants for Hydraulic Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-08-01

machinery design , precision machining, proper maintenance, and proper lubrication. Ordinarily, wear is thought of only in terms of abrasive wear occurring in...operate under this principle. However, the design must allow the plates to lift and tilt properly and provide sufficient area to lift the load. 38. Another...friction and wear to a minimum. Boundary Lubrication 42. Lubrication designed to protect against frictional effects when asperities meet is called

Flight control system design factors for applying automated testing techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sitz, Joel R.; Vernon, Todd H.

1990-01-01

The principal design features and operational experiences of the X-29 forward-swept-wing aircraft and F-18 high alpha research vehicle (HARV) automated test systems are discussed. It is noted that operational experiences in developing and using these automated testing techniques have highlighted the need for incorporating target system features to improve testability. Improved target system testability can be accomplished with the addition of nonreal-time and real-time features. Online access to target system implementation details, unobtrusive real-time access to internal user-selectable variables, and proper software instrumentation are all desirable features of the target system. Also, test system and target system design issues must be addressed during the early stages of the target system development. Processing speeds of up to 20 million instructions/s and the development of high-bandwidth reflective memory systems have improved the ability to integrate the target system and test system for the application of automated testing techniques. It is concluded that new methods of designing testability into the target systems are required.

Review of Aircraft Engine Fan Noise Reduction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

VanZante, Dale

2008-01-01

Aircraft turbofan engines incorporate multiple technologies to enhance performance and durability while reducing noise emissions. Both careful aerodynamic design of the fan and proper installation of the fan into the system are requirements for achieving the performance and acoustic objectives. The design and installation characteristics of high performance aircraft engine fans will be discussed along with some lessons learned that may be applicable to spaceflight fan applications.

Telemedicine for Developing Countries. A Survey and Some Design Issues.

PubMed

Combi, Carlo; Pozzani, Gabriele; Pozzi, Giuseppe

2016-11-02

Developing countries need telemedicine applications that help in many situations, when physicians are a small number with respect to the population, when specialized physicians are not available, when patients and physicians in rural villages need assistance in the delivery of health care. Moreover, the requirements of telemedicine applications for developing countries are somewhat more demanding than for developed countries. Indeed, further social, organizational, and technical aspects need to be considered for successful telemedicine applications in developing countries. We consider all the major projects in telemedicine, devoted to developing countries, as described by the proper scientific literature. On the basis of such literature, we want to define a specific taxonomy that allows a proper classification and a fast overview of telemedicine projects in developing countries. Moreover, by considering both the literature and some recent direct experiences, we want to complete such overview by discussing some design issues to be taken into consideration when developing telemedicine software systems. We considered and reviewed the major conferences and journals in depth, and looked for reports on the telemedicine projects. We provide the reader with a survey of the main projects and systems, from which we derived a taxonomy of features of telemedicine systems for developing countries. We also propose and discuss some classification criteria for design issues, based on the lessons learned in this research area. We highlight some challenges and recommendations to be considered when designing a telemedicine system for developing countries.

Concepts, requirements, and design approaches for building successful planning and scheduling systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hornstein, Rhoda Shaller; Willoughby, John K.

1991-01-01

Traditional practice of systems engineering management assumes requirements can be precisely determined and unambiguously defined prior to system design and implementation; practice further assumes requirements are held static during implementation. Human-computer decision support systems for service planning and scheduling applications do not conform well to these assumptions. Adaptation to the traditional practice of systems engineering management are required. Basic technology exists to support these adaptations. Additional innovations must be encouraged and nutured. Continued partnership between the programmatic and technical perspective assures proper balance of the impossible with the possible. Past problems have the following origins: not recognizing the unusual and perverse nature of the requirements for planning and scheduling; not recognizing the best starting point assumptions for the design; not understanding the type of system that being built; and not understanding the design consequences of the operations concept selected.

Design of CMOS imaging system based on FPGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Bo; Chen, Xiaolai

2017-10-01

In order to meet the needs of engineering applications for high dynamic range CMOS camera under the rolling shutter mode, a complete imaging system is designed based on the CMOS imaging sensor NSC1105. The paper decides CMOS+ADC+FPGA+Camera Link as processing architecture and introduces the design and implementation of the hardware system. As for camera software system, which consists of CMOS timing drive module, image acquisition module and transmission control module, the paper designs in Verilog language and drives it to work properly based on Xilinx FPGA. The ISE 14.6 emulator ISim is used in the simulation of signals. The imaging experimental results show that the system exhibits a 1280*1024 pixel resolution, has a frame frequency of 25 fps and a dynamic range more than 120dB. The imaging quality of the system satisfies the requirement of the index.

Designing an architectural style for Pervasive Healthcare systems.

PubMed

Rafe, Vahid; Hajvali, Masoumeh

2013-04-01

Nowadays, the Pervasive Healthcare (PH) systems are considered as an important research area. These systems have a dynamic structure and configuration. Therefore, an appropriate method for designing such systems is necessary. The Publish/Subscribe Architecture (pub/sub) is one of the convenient architectures to support such systems. PH systems are safety critical; hence, errors can bring disastrous results. To prevent such problems, a powerful analytical tool is required. So using a proper formal language like graph transformation systems for developing of these systems seems necessary. But even if software engineers use such high level methodologies, errors may occur in the system under design. Hence, it should be investigated automatically and formally that whether this model of system satisfies all their requirements or not. In this paper, a dynamic architectural style for developing PH systems is presented. Then, the behavior of these systems is modeled and evaluated using GROOVE toolset. The results of the analysis show its high reliability.

Design of a magnetic shielding system for the time of flight enhanced diagnostics neutron spectrometer at Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cui, Z. Q.; Chen, Z. J.; Xie, X. F.

2014-11-15

The novel neutron spectrometer TOFED (Time of Flight Enhanced Diagnostics), comprising 90 individual photomultiplier tubes coupled with 85 plastic scintillation detectors through light guides, has been constructed and installed at Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. A dedicated magnetic shielding system has been constructed for TOFED, and is designed to guarantee the normal operation of photomultiplier tubes in the stray magnetic field leaking from the tokamak device. Experimental measurements and numerical simulations carried out employing the finite element method are combined to optimize the design of the magnetic shielding system. The system allows detectors to work properly in an external magnetic fieldmore » of 200 G.« less

Design of vibration isolation systems using multiobjective optimization techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rao, S. S.

1984-01-01

The design of vibration isolation systems is considered using multicriteria optimization techniques. The integrated values of the square of the force transmitted to the main mass and the square of the relative displacement between the main mass and the base are taken as the performance indices. The design of a three degrees-of-freedom isolation system with an exponentially decaying type of base disturbance is considered for illustration. Numerical results are obtained using the global criterion, utility function, bounded objective, lexicographic, goal programming, goal attainment and game theory methods. It is found that the game theory approach is superior in finding a better optimum solution with proper balance of the various objective functions.

Optimization methods applied to hybrid vehicle design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Donoghue, J. F.; Burghart, J. H.

1983-01-01

The use of optimization methods as an effective design tool in the design of hybrid vehicle propulsion systems is demonstrated. Optimization techniques were used to select values for three design parameters (battery weight, heat engine power rating and power split between the two on-board energy sources) such that various measures of vehicle performance (acquisition cost, life cycle cost and petroleum consumption) were optimized. The apporach produced designs which were often significant improvements over hybrid designs already reported on in the literature. The principal conclusions are as follows. First, it was found that the strategy used to split the required power between the two on-board energy sources can have a significant effect on life cycle cost and petroleum consumption. Second, the optimization program should be constructed so that performance measures and design variables can be easily changed. Third, the vehicle simulation program has a significant effect on the computer run time of the overall optimization program; run time can be significantly reduced by proper design of the types of trips the vehicle takes in a one year period. Fourth, care must be taken in designing the cost and constraint expressions which are used in the optimization so that they are relatively smooth functions of the design variables. Fifth, proper handling of constraints on battery weight and heat engine rating, variables which must be large enough to meet power demands, is particularly important for the success of an optimization study. Finally, the principal conclusion is that optimization methods provide a practical tool for carrying out the design of a hybrid vehicle propulsion system.

Optical solver of combinatorial problems: nanotechnological approach.

PubMed

Cohen, Eyal; Dolev, Shlomi; Frenkel, Sergey; Kryzhanovsky, Boris; Palagushkin, Alexandr; Rosenblit, Michael; Zakharov, Victor

2013-09-01

We present an optical computing system to solve NP-hard problems. As nano-optical computing is a promising venue for the next generation of computers performing parallel computations, we investigate the application of submicron, or even subwavelength, computing device designs. The system utilizes a setup of exponential sized masks with exponential space complexity produced in polynomial time preprocessing. The masks are later used to solve the problem in polynomial time. The size of the masks is reduced to nanoscaled density. Simulations were done to choose a proper design, and actual implementations show the feasibility of such a system.

Test Rig for Evaluating Active Turbine Blade Tip Clearance Control Concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lattime, Scott B.; Steinetz, Bruce M.; Robbie, Malcolm G.

2003-01-01

Improved blade tip sealing in the high pressure compressor and high pressure turbine can provide dramatic improvements in specific fuel consumption, time-on-wing, compressor stall margin and engine efficiency as well as increased payload and mission range capabilities of both military and commercial gas turbine engines. The preliminary design of a mechanically actuated active clearance control (ACC) system for turbine blade tip clearance management is presented along with the design of a bench top test rig in which the system is to be evaluated. The ACC system utilizes mechanically actuated seal carrier segments and clearance measurement feedback to provide fast and precise active clearance control throughout engine operation. The purpose of this active clearance control system is to improve upon current case cooling methods. These systems have relatively slow response and do not use clearance measurement, thereby forcing cold build clearances to set the minimum clearances at extreme operating conditions (e.g., takeoff, re-burst) and not allowing cruise clearances to be minimized due to the possibility of throttle transients (e.g., step change in altitude). The active turbine blade tip clearance control system design presented herein will be evaluated to ensure that proper response and positional accuracy is achievable under simulated high-pressure turbine conditions. The test rig will simulate proper seal carrier pressure and temperature loading as well as the magnitudes and rates of blade tip clearance changes of an actual gas turbine engine. The results of these evaluations will be presented in future works.

Design of Flow Systems for Improved Networking and Reduced Noise in Biomolecular Signal Processing in Biocomputing and Biosensing Applications

PubMed Central

Verma, Arjun; Fratto, Brian E.; Privman, Vladimir; Katz, Evgeny

2016-01-01

We consider flow systems that have been utilized for small-scale biomolecular computing and digital signal processing in binary-operating biosensors. Signal measurement is optimized by designing a flow-reversal cuvette and analyzing the experimental data to theoretically extract the pulse shape, as well as reveal the level of noise it possesses. Noise reduction is then carried out numerically. We conclude that this can be accomplished physically via the addition of properly designed well-mixing flow-reversal cell(s) as an integral part of the flow system. This approach should enable improved networking capabilities and potentially not only digital but analog signal-processing in such systems. Possible applications in complex biocomputing networks and various sense-and-act systems are discussed. PMID:27399702

CONTROLLING STORM WATER RUNOFF WITH TRADABLE CREDITS FOR IMPERVIOUS SURFACES

EPA Science Inventory

Storm water flow off impervious surface in a watershed can lead to stream degradation, habitat alteration, low base flows and toxic leading. We show that a properly designed tradable runoff credit (TRC) system creates economic incentives for landowners to employ best management p...

47 CFR 74.434 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Remote control operation. 74.434 Section 74.434 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... functions to permit proper operation of the station. (b) A remote control system must be designed, installed...

47 CFR 74.434 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Remote control operation. 74.434 Section 74.434 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... functions to permit proper operation of the station. (b) A remote control system must be designed, installed...

47 CFR 74.434 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Remote control operation. 74.434 Section 74.434 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... functions to permit proper operation of the station. (b) A remote control system must be designed, installed...

47 CFR 74.434 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Remote control operation. 74.434 Section 74.434 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... functions to permit proper operation of the station. (b) A remote control system must be designed, installed...

47 CFR 74.434 - Remote control operation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Remote control operation. 74.434 Section 74.434 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES EXPERIMENTAL RADIO... functions to permit proper operation of the station. (b) A remote control system must be designed, installed...

Protection and Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American School Board Journal, 1964

1964-01-01

Several aspects of school safety and protection are presented for school administrators and architects. Among those topics discussed are--(1) life safety, (2) vandalism controlled through proper design, (3) personal protective devices, and (4) fire alarm systems. Another critical factor in providing a complete school safety program is proper…

24 CFR 880.207 - Property standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... State and local laws, codes, ordinances and regulations. (g) Smoke detectors—(1) Performance requirement... smoke detector, in proper working condition, on each level of the unit. If the unit is occupied by hearing-impaired persons, smoke detectors must have an alarm system, designed for hearing-impaired persons...

24 CFR 880.207 - Property standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... State and local laws, codes, ordinances and regulations. (g) Smoke detectors—(1) Performance requirement... smoke detector, in proper working condition, on each level of the unit. If the unit is occupied by hearing-impaired persons, smoke detectors must have an alarm system, designed for hearing-impaired persons...

24 CFR 880.207 - Property standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... State and local laws, codes, ordinances and regulations. (g) Smoke detectors—(1) Performance requirement... smoke detector, in proper working condition, on each level of the unit. If the unit is occupied by hearing-impaired persons, smoke detectors must have an alarm system, designed for hearing-impaired persons...

24 CFR 880.207 - Property standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... State and local laws, codes, ordinances and regulations. (g) Smoke detectors—(1) Performance requirement... smoke detector, in proper working condition, on each level of the unit. If the unit is occupied by hearing-impaired persons, smoke detectors must have an alarm system, designed for hearing-impaired persons...

24 CFR 880.207 - Property standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... State and local laws, codes, ordinances and regulations. (g) Smoke detectors—(1) Performance requirement... smoke detector, in proper working condition, on each level of the unit. If the unit is occupied by hearing-impaired persons, smoke detectors must have an alarm system, designed for hearing-impaired persons...

MAP Attitude Control System Design and Flight Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Andrews, S. F.; ODonnell, J. R.; Bauer, Frank H. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

The Microwave Anisotropy Probe (MAP) is a follow-on to the Differential Microwave Radiometer (DMR) instrument on the Cosmic Background Explorer (COBE) spacecraft. To make a full-sky map of cosmic microwave background fluctuations, a combination fast spin and slow precession motion will be used that will cover the entire celestial sphere in six months. The spin rate should be an order of magnitude higher than the precession rate, and each rate should be tightly controlled. The sunline angle should be 22.5 +/- 0.25 deg. Sufficient attitude knowledge must be provided to yield instrument pointing to a standard deviation of 1.3 arc-minutes RSS three axes. In addition, the spacecraft must be able to acquire and hold the sunline at initial acquisition, and in the event of a failure. Finally. the spacecraft must be able to slew to the proper burn orientations and to the proper off-sunline attitude to start the compound spin. The design and flight performance of the Attitude Control System on MAP that meets these requirements will be discussed.

Instrument Pointing Control System for the Stellar Interferometry Mission - Planet Quest

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brugarolas, Paul B.; Kang, Bryan

2006-01-01

This paper describes the high precision Instrument Pointing Control System (PCS) for the Stellar Interferometry Mission (SIM) - Planet Quest. The PCS system provides front-end pointing, compensation for spacecraft motion, and feedforward stabilization, which are needed for proper interference. Optical interferometric measurements require very precise pointing (0.03 as, 1-(sigma) radial) for maximizing the interference pattern visibility. This requirement is achieved by fine pointing control of articulating pointing mirrors with feedback from angle tracking cameras. The overall pointing system design concept is presentcd. Functional requirements and an acquisition concept are given. Guide and Science pointing control loops are discussed. Simulation analyses demonstrate the feasibility of the design.

Design of a Hypermedia-Based Educating System for the Construction of Knowledge

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-09-01

the variety they confront, promote short-term learning . This thesis provides the required background for developing an educating system which promotes...an effective educating system stems frm ever-increasing requirements for learning . Ine Total Quality Management (TQM) program, a Department of Defense...Japan has realized that best efforts ’nly pay off when the workforce is properly educated . Learning has become a pivotal element in the Japanese

Designing on-Board Data Handling for EDF (Electric Ducted Fan) Rocket

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mulyana, A.; Faiz, L. A. A.

2018-02-01

The EDF (Electric Ducted Fan) rocket to launch requires a system of monitoring, tracking and controlling to allow the rocket to glide properly. One of the important components in the rocket is OBDH (On-Board Data Handling) which serves as a medium to perform commands and data processing. However, TTC (Telemetry, Tracking, and Command) are required to communicate between GCS (Ground Control Station) and OBDH on EDF rockets. So the design control system of EDF rockets and GCS for telemetry and telecommand needs to be made. In the design of integrated OBDH controller uses a lot of electronics modules, to know the behavior of rocket used IMU sensor (Inertial Measurement Unit) in which consist of 3-axis gyroscope sensor and Accelerometer 3-axis. To do tracking using GPS, compass sensor as a determinant of the direction of the rocket as well as a reference point on the z-axis of gyroscope sensor processing and used barometer sensors to measure the height of the rocket at the time of glide. The data can be known in real-time by sending data through radio modules at 2.4 GHz frequency using XBee-Pro S2B to GCS. By using windows filter, noises can be reduced, and it used to guarantee monitoring and controlling system can work properly.

Optical Correlation of Images With Signal-Dependent Noise Using Constrained-Modulation Filter Devices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Downie, John D.

1995-01-01

Images with signal-dependent noise present challenges beyond those of images with additive white or colored signal-independent noise in terms of designing the optimal 4-f correlation filter that maximizes correlation-peak signal-to-noise ratio, or combinations of correlation-peak metrics. Determining the proper design becomes more difficult when the filter is to be implemented on a constrained-modulation spatial light modulator device. The design issues involved for updatable optical filters for images with signal-dependent film-grain noise and speckle noise are examined. It is shown that although design of the optimal linear filter in the Fourier domain is impossible for images with signal-dependent noise, proper nonlinear preprocessing of the images allows the application of previously developed design rules for optimal filters to be implemented on constrained-modulation devices. Thus the nonlinear preprocessing becomes necessary for correlation in optical systems with current spatial light modulator technology. These results are illustrated with computer simulations of images with signal-dependent noise correlated with binary-phase-only filters and ternary-phase-amplitude filters.

High Level Analysis, Design and Validation of Distributed Mobile Systems with CoreASM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farahbod, R.; Glässer, U.; Jackson, P. J.; Vajihollahi, M.

System design is a creative activity calling for abstract models that facilitate reasoning about the key system attributes (desired requirements and resulting properties) so as to ensure these attributes are properly established prior to actually building a system. We explore here the practical side of using the abstract state machine (ASM) formalism in combination with the CoreASM open source tool environment for high-level design and experimental validation of complex distributed systems. Emphasizing the early phases of the design process, a guiding principle is to support freedom of experimentation by minimizing the need for encoding. CoreASM has been developed and tested building on a broad scope of applications, spanning computational criminology, maritime surveillance and situation analysis. We critically reexamine here the CoreASM project in light of three different application scenarios.

WebAlchemist: a Web transcoding system for mobile Web access in handheld devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whang, Yonghyun; Jung, Changwoo; Kim, Jihong; Chung, Sungkwon

2001-11-01

In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of WebAlchemist, a prototype web transcoding system, which automatically converts a given HTML page into a sequence of equivalent HTML pages that can be properly displayed on a hand-held device. The Web/Alchemist system is based on a set of HTML transcoding heuristics managed by the Transcoding Manager (TM) module. In order to tackle difficult-to-transcode pages such as ones with large or complex table structures, we have developed several new transcoding heuristics that extract partial semantics from syntactic information such as the table width, font size and cascading style sheet. Subjective evaluation results using popular HTML pages (such as the CNN home page) show that WebAlchemist generates readable, structure-preserving transcoded pages, which can be properly displayed on hand-held devices.

System dynamics and simulation of LSS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ryan, R. F.

1978-01-01

Large Space Structures have many unique problems arising from mission objectives and the resulting configuration. Inherent in these configurations is a strong coupling among several of the designing disciplines. In particular, the coupling between structural dynamics and control is a key design consideration. The solution to these interactive problems requires efficient and accurate analysis, simulation and test techniques, and properly planned and conducted design trade studies. The discussion presented deals with these subjects and concludes with a brief look at some NASA capabilities which can support these technology studies.

Handbook of the Statistics of Various Terrain and Water (Ice) Backgrounds from Selected U.S. Locations

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

designers and users of iufrared systems. This handbook contains a summary of the backgrounds analyzed to date as part of this effort. Most of the...last region, 8.0-14.0 pm, was covered with various filters at different AX’s, designated in the Index merely as 8.0-14.0 vim, but specifically...delineated in the Handbook within their properly designated bands. ] Since, as was mentioned earlier, the substance of this Handbook was presented in

Design of a Pilot Plant for Vacuum Infusion of High Lipoidal Liquids into Dried Foods

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-01

on a conveyor belt equipped with a chiller hood. /". 20 DISTRIBUTION’AVAILABILITY OF ABSTRACT SUNCLASSlFlEn’VL’V’S:» Q jwj AS RB" U DtiC US...design is an optimization of design criteria, shown in Figure I. In addition to the basic design criteria, the equipment must operate within a...the desired setpoint . 2.2 Lipoidal Liquid Systems; The lipoidal liquid is provided at the proper conditions to the immersion dish from an

Design, Qualification, and On Orbit Performance of the CALIPSO Aerosol Lidar Transmitter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hovis, Floyd E.; Witt, Greg; Sullivan, Edward T.; Le, Khoa; Weimer, Carl; Applegate, Jeff; Luck, William S., Jr.; Verhapen, Ron; Cisewski, Michael S.

2007-01-01

The laser transmitter for the CALIPSO aerosol lidar mission has been operating on orbit as planned since June 2006. This document discusses the optical and laser system design and qualification process that led to this success. Space-qualifiable laser design guidelines included the use of mature laser technologies, the use of alignment sensitive resonator designs, the development and practice of stringent contamination control procedures, the operation of all optical components at appropriately derated levels, and the proper budgeting for the space-qualification of the electronics and software.

EVALUATING SURROGATES FOR CRYPTOSPORIDIUM REMOVAL IN POINT-OF-USE SYSTEMS

EPA Science Inventory

Cryptosporidium oocysts are resistant to chlorination and are particularly difficult to remove from drinking water by filtration due to their small size (4 µm to 6 µm). Filters with nominal pore sizes of 1 µm are recommended to assure effective removals. Properly designed and o...

Ultra-Broadband Infrared Pulses from a Potassium-Titanyl Phosphate Optical Parametric Amplifier for VIS-IR-SFG Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isaienko, Oleksandr; Borguet, Eric

A non-collinear KTP-OPA to provide ultra-broadband mid-infrared pulses was designed and characterized. With proper pulse-front and phase correction, the system has a potential for high-time resolution vibrational VIS-IR-SFG spectroscopy.

Pendulum impact testing of an impact-breakaway, windresistant base connection for multi-post ground signs.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-07-01

Roadside signs play an important role in traffic control systems and must be placed adjacent to roadways. If they are not designed, : fabricated, and installed properly, ground signs may pose potential hazards to vehicle passengers in the event of a ...

Combat Vehicle Cooling/Heating Design Investigation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-09-01

pressure side of the condensing heat exchanger to obtain proper water removal and turbine inlet conditions. The primary heat exchanger is used to limit boot ...Detroit, Michigan; May 1955. 8. "Development of a Refrigeration System for Lunar Surface and Spacesuit Applications" Report No. T122-RP-046

Bicycle Education, A New Dimension in 4-H Programs for 8-11 Year Olds: Designed into Three Teaching Units.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borst, William H.

The three teaching units in this packet are designed to help children ages 8 to 11 enjoy, utilize, and safely ride bicycles by mastering skills and knowledge pertaining to their bicycles, their driving ability, and the traffic system. Unit I is concerned with the bicycle and its parts, various kinds of bicycles, and proper size and maintenance.…

Mine Winder Drives in Integrated Copper Complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dey, Pranab Kumar

2018-04-01

This paper describes various features required to be evaluated before selecting mine winder drives. In handling such project, the selection of proper equipments is necessary at the initial design stage of planning and how the electrical system design considers all aspects to protect the grid from unwarranted influence of the connected loads and minimize the generation of harmonics due to network configurations adopted to keep it within the stipulated value dictated by the supply authorities has been discussed. The design should cover all aspects to provide quality power with effective braking system required as per the mining statute for operational safety. It also emphasizes on the requirement of quality maintenance.

Ordering Design Tasks Based on Coupling Strengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, J. L.; Bloebaum, C. L.

1994-01-01

The design process associated with large engineering systems requires an initial decomposition of the complex system into modules of design tasks which are coupled through the transference of output data. In analyzing or optimizing such a coupled system, it is essential to be able to determine which interactions figure prominently enough to significantly affect the accuracy of the system solution. Many decomposition approaches assume the capability is available to determine what design tasks and interactions exist and what order of execution will be imposed during the analysis process. Unfortunately, this is often a complex problem and beyond the capabilities of a human design manager. A new feature for DeMAID (Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition) will allow the design manager to use coupling strength information to find a proper sequence for ordering the design tasks. In addition, these coupling strengths aid in deciding if certain tasks or couplings could be removed (or temporarily suspended) from consideration to achieve computational savings without a significant loss of system accuracy. New rules are presented and two small test cases are used to show the effects of using coupling strengths in this manner.

Ordering design tasks based on coupling strengths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rogers, James L., Jr.; Bloebaum, Christina L.

1994-01-01

The design process associated with large engineering systems requires an initial decomposition of the complex system into modules of design tasks which are coupled through the transference of output data. In analyzing or optimizing such a coupled system, it is essential to be able to determine which interactions figure prominently enough to significantly affect the accuracy of the system solution. Many decomposition approaches assume the capability is available to determine what design tasks and interactions exist and what order of execution will be imposed during the analysis process. Unfortunately, this is often a complex problem and beyond the capabilities of a human design manager. A new feature for DeMAID (Design Manager's Aid for Intelligent Decomposition) will allow the design manager to use coupling strength information to find a proper sequence for ordering the design tasks. In addition, these coupling strengths aid in deciding if certain tasks or couplings could be removed (or temporarily suspended) from consideration to achieve computational savings without a significant loss of system accuracy. New rules are presented and two small test cases are used to show the effects of using coupling strengths in this manner.

[Design of medical equipment service management system].

PubMed

Jiang, Youhao; PengWen; Jiang, Ningfeng; Ma, Li; Kong, Lingwei; Yin, PeiHao; Sun, Cheng

2012-09-01

To develop a maintenance management system for medical equipment based on HIS. The system contains some special functions( including preventive maintenance, automatic job dispatch, performance assessment, etc.) which are very useful for confirming the medical equipment in proper conditions and promoting the working efficiency of the staff. The system provides technical support for the improvement of the maintenance management level. The system, completed the software design using C/S, B/S combination mode. The system realized clients of various sections of zero maintenance, and make the data manipulation, statistical features of equipment management department more convenient. the system connects the subsystems closer and interacts information from time to time, forming a tight network structure. This provides a basis for future hospital-wide information integration.

Development of bioengineering system for stem cell proliferation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, H. S.; Shah, R.; Shah, C.

2016-08-01

From last decades, intensive research in the field of stem cells proliferation had been promoted due to the unique property of stem cells to self-renew themselves into multiples and has potential to replicate into an organ or tissues and so it's highly demanding though challenging. Bioreactor, a mechanical device, works as a womb for stem cell proliferation by providing nutritious environment for the proper growth of stem cells. Various factors affecting stem cells growth are the bioreactor mechanism, feeding of continuous nutrients, healthy environment, etc., but it always remains a challenge for controlling biological parameters. The present paper unveils the design of mechanical device commonly known as bioreactor in tissues engineering and biotech field, use for proliferation of stem cells and imparts the proper growing condition for stem cells. This high functional bioreactor provides automation mixing of cell culture and stem cells. This design operates in conjunction with mechanism of reciprocating motion. Compare to commercial bioreactors, this proposed design is more convenient, easy to operate and less maintenance is required as bioreactor culture bag is made of polyethylene which is single use purpose. Development of this bioengineering system will be beneficial for better growth and expansion of stem cell

Data Management Plan and Functional System Design for the Information Management System of the Clinch River Remedial Investigation and Waste Area Grouping 6

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ball, T.; Brandt, C.; Calfee, J.

1994-03-01

The Data Management Plan and Functional System Design supports the Clinch River Remedial Investigation (CRRI) and Waste Area Grouping (WAG) 6 Environmental Monitoring Program. The objective of the Data Management Plan and Functional System Design is to provide organization, integrity, security, traceability, and consistency of the data generated during the CRRI and WAG 6 projects. Proper organization will ensure that the data are consistent with the procedures and requirements of the projects. The Information Management Groups (IMGs) for these two programs face similar challenges and share many common objectives. By teaming together, the IMGs have expedited the development and implementationmore » of a common information management strategy that benefits each program.« less

The Environmental Qualification Specification as a Technical Management Tool,

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

CommuentI The dwell test for fatigue of the isolation system in a container is intended to be an accelerated test, in order to save test time and...diagnostic purposes * Response computation is not the only possible design approach. In the development of control system or servomechanism theory , emphasis...seldom aborts a mission in the same way as a complete failure of any function, and properly influences system effectiveness through a different type of

Space Environmental Effects (SEE) Testing Capability: NASA/Marshall Space Flight Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

DeWittBurns, H.; Crave, Paul; Finckenor, Miria; Finchum, Charles; Nehls, Mary; Schneider, Todd; Vaughn, Jason

2012-01-01

Understanding the effects of the space environment on materials and systems is fundamental and essential for mission success. If not properly understood and designed for, the space environment can lead to materials degradation, reduction of functional lifetime, and system failure. Ground based testing is critical in predicting performance NASA/MSFC's expertise and capabilities make up the most complete SEE testing capability available.

An Empirical Methodology for Engineering Human Systems Integration

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

scanning critical information and selectively skipping what is not important for the immediate task. This learned skill is called a proper “cross check...ability to recover from errors. Efficiency: the level of productivity that can be achieved once learning has occurred. 162 Learnability: the...use, to legacy systems. Knowing what design issues have plagued past operators can guide the generation of requirements to address the identified

Strategic sensor locations of FPR bridge decks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Hwai-Chung; Warnemuende, Kraig; Yan, An; Mu, Bin

2003-07-01

Advanced fiber-reinforced polymer composite (FRP) has been increasingly used in bridge deck to replace concrete or steel. A FRP bridge deck can be designed to meet AASHTO HS-25 load requirements. FRP decks have many advantages over the conventional reinforced concrete or steel decks owing to their lightweight, high strength and corrosion resistance. However, such new deck system requires extensive monitoring to ensure its designed performance before its widespread acceptance by the bridge community. For inspection and evaluation purpose, a proper monitoring system consisting of various kinds of sensors installed in the FRP deck is critical. This paper provides a framework for designing an efficient monitoring system. The strategic sensor locations are identified based on the stress analysis of the FRP deck.

14 CFR 25.561 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... when— (1) Proper use is made of seats, belts, and all other safety design provisions; (2) The wheels... so that if they break loose they will be unlikely to: (i) Cause direct injury to occupants; (ii) Penetrate fuel tanks or lines or cause fire or explosion hazard by damage to adjacent systems; or (iii...

Developing Instructional Technology Products Using Effective Project Management Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Stephanie; Hardin, Paul C.

2008-01-01

Delivering a successful instructional technology (IT) product depends on more than just having an extremely creative instructional solution or following an instructional systems design (ISD) model. Proper planning, direction, and execution of the project are require, as well. We present a model of management that encompasses the ISD process. Five…

Update on the Status of Sanitary Sewer Overflow Analysis and Planning (SSOAP) Toolbox

EPA Science Inventory

A properly designed, operated and maintained sanitary sewer system is meant to collect and convey all of the sewage that flows into it to a wastewater treatment plant. However, occasional unintentional discharges of raw sewage from municipal sanitary sewers – called sanitary sewe...

Solving Quantitative Problems: Guidelines for Teaching Derived from Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramers-Pals, H.; Pilot, A.

1988-01-01

Presents four guidelines for teaching quantitative problem-solving based on research results: analyze difficulties of students, develop a system of heuristics, select and map key relations, and design instruction with proper orientation, exercise, and feedback. Discusses the four guidelines and uses flow charts and diagrams to show how the…

Campus Signs: Delivering the Message.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chance, Barbara J.

1998-01-01

Discusses campus signage and the image it gives to visitors about the institution itself, as well as ways to evaluate existing sign systems to determine whether they are properly conveying the messages intended. How design, graphics, colors, logos, fabrication, and locations support the principal function of signs, not detract from them, are…

Application of zonal model on indoor air sensor network design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Y. Lisa; Wen, Jin

2007-04-01

Growing concerns over the safety of the indoor environment have made the use of sensors ubiquitous. Sensors that detect chemical and biological warfare agents can offer early warning of dangerous contaminants. However, current sensor system design is more informed by intuition and experience rather by systematic design. To develop a sensor system design methodology, a proper indoor airflow modeling approach is needed. Various indoor airflow modeling techniques, from complicated computational fluid dynamics approaches to simplified multi-zone approaches, exist in the literature. In this study, the effects of two airflow modeling techniques, multi-zone modeling technique and zonal modeling technique, on indoor air protection sensor system design are discussed. Common building attack scenarios, using a typical CBW agent, are simulated. Both multi-zone and zonal models are used to predict airflows and contaminant dispersion. Genetic Algorithm is then applied to optimize the sensor location and quantity. Differences in the sensor system design resulting from the two airflow models are discussed for a typical office environment and a large hall environment.

GIS based solid waste management information system for Nagpur, India.

PubMed

Vijay, Ritesh; Jain, Preeti; Sharma, N; Bhattacharyya, J K; Vaidya, A N; Sohony, R A

2013-01-01

Solid waste management is one of the major problems of today's world and needs to be addressed by proper utilization of technologies and design of effective, flexible and structured information system. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to design and develop a GIS based solid waste management information system as a decision making and planning tool for regularities and municipal authorities. The system integrates geo-spatial features of the city and database of existing solid waste management. GIS based information system facilitates modules of visualization, query interface, statistical analysis, report generation and database modification. It also provides modules like solid waste estimation, collection, transportation and disposal details. The information system is user-friendly, standalone and platform independent.

Tune-Up Your Fan Systems for Improved Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fans are used extensively in commercial buildings and represent approximately 6% of total energy consumed by commercial buildings. The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) estimates that fans in commercial buildings consume 158 billion kWh of electricity annually. Maintaining fan systems in proper condition provides energy savings and ensures a comfortable and healthy environment. While many fan systems have significant energy savings opportunities available through improvements in fan selection, system design, and operational practices, it is not always apparent when a fan system needs maintenance or what opportunities are available for improvements. This resource is designed for facility managers and maintenancemore » staff to provide easy-to-implement actionable guidance on fan efficiency measures for existing ducted air systems.« less

Electrodynamic Bare Tether Systems as a Thruster for the Momentum-Exchange/Electrodynamic Reboost(MXER)Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Khazanov, G. V.; Krivorutsky, E. N.; Gallagher, D. L.

2006-01-01

The concept of electrodynamic tether propulsion has a number of attractive features and has been widely discussed for different applications. Different system designs have been proposed and compared during the last 10 years. In spite of this, the choice of proper design for any particular mission is a unique problem. Such characteristics of tether performance as system acceleration, efficiency, etc., should be calculated and compared on the basis of the known capability of a tether to collect electrical current. We discuss the choice of parameters for circular and tape tethers with regard to the Momentum-Exchange/Electrodynamic Reboost (MXER) tether project.

Development of a cross-polarization scattering system for the measurement of internal magnetic fluctuations in the DIII-D tokamak

DOE PAGES

Rhodes, Terry L.; Peebles, William A.; Crocker, Neal A.; ...

2014-08-05

The design and performance of a new cross-polarization scattering (CPS) system for the localized measurement of internal magnetic fluctuations is presented. CPS is a process whereby magnetic fluctuations scatter incident electromagnetic radiation into a perpendicular polarization which is subsequently detected. A new CPS design that incorporates a unique scattering geometry was laboratory tested, optimized, and installed on the DIII-D tokamak. Plasma tests of signal-to-noise, polarization purity, and frequency response indicate proper functioning of the system. Lastly, CPS data show interesting features related to internal MHD perturbations known as sawteeth that are not observed on density fluctuations.

Comprehensive Design Reliability Activities for Aerospace Propulsion Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Christenson, R. L.; Whitley, M. R.; Knight, K. C.

2000-01-01

This technical publication describes the methodology, model, software tool, input data, and analysis result that support aerospace design reliability studies. The focus of these activities is on propulsion systems mechanical design reliability. The goal of these activities is to support design from a reliability perspective. Paralleling performance analyses in schedule and method, this requires the proper use of metrics in a validated reliability model useful for design, sensitivity, and trade studies. Design reliability analysis in this view is one of several critical design functions. A design reliability method is detailed and two example analyses are provided-one qualitative and the other quantitative. The use of aerospace and commercial data sources for quantification is discussed and sources listed. A tool that was developed to support both types of analyses is presented. Finally, special topics discussed include the development of design criteria, issues of reliability quantification, quality control, and reliability verification.

An Evaluation of the Vapor Phase Catalytic Ammonia Removal Process for Use in a Mars Transit Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flynn, Michael; Borchers, Bruce

1998-01-01

An experimental program has been developed to evaluate the potential of the Vapor Phase Catalytic Ammonia Reduction (VPCAR) technology for use as a Mars Transit Vehicle water purification system. Design modifications which will be required to ensure proper operation of the VPCAR system in reduced gravity are also evaluated. The VPCAR system is an integrated wastewater treatment technology that combines a distillation process with high temperature catalytic oxidation. The distillation portion of the system utilizes a vapor compression distillation process to provide an energy efficient phase change separation. This portion of the system removes any inorganic salts and large molecular weight, organic contaminates, i.e., non-volatile, from the product water stream and concentrates these contaminates into a byproduct stream. To oxidize the volatile organic compounds and ammonia, a vapor phase, high temperature catalytic oxidizer is used. This catalytic system converts these compounds along with the aqueous product into CO2, H2O, and N2O. A secondary catalytic bed can then be used to reduce the N2O to nitrogen and oxygen (although not evaluated in this study). This paper describes the design specification of the VPCAR process, the relative benefits of its utilization in a Mars Transit Vehicle, and the design modification which will be required to ensure its proper operation in reduced gravity. In addition, the results of an experimental evaluation of the processors is presented. This evaluation presents the processors performance based upon product water purity, water recovery rates, and power.

The RMA and the Post Goldwater-Nichols World. More Tinkering Ahead for the JCS?

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-05-16

Congress?19 There is little debate on this issue today. Perhaps the locus for the most vicious inter-Service budgetary battles has simply shifted (as many... paradigm as the congressionally legislated system designed to insure proper use of public funds and distinguished this paradigm from the...entrepreneurial management paradigm designed to maximize profits in the private sector. Moe questioned the acceptance of similarity between management in the

Air Force System Safety Handbook, Designing the Safest Possible Systems Consistent with Mission Requirements and Cost Effectiveness

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-07-01

acceptance is not as simple a matter as it may first appear. Several points must be kept in mind. (1) Risk is a fundamental reality . (2) Risk...1) Proper preparation of an SSPP requires coming to grips with the hard realities of program execution. It involves the exami- nation and...Interfaces. (32:48) Since the conduct of a system safety program will eventually touch on virtually every other element of a system devel- opment program, a

[Relations between health information systems and patient safety].

PubMed

Nøhr, Christian

2012-11-05

Health information systems have the potential to reduce medical errors, and indeed many studies have shown a significant reduction. However, if the systems are not designed and implemented properly, there is evidence that suggest that new types of errors will arise--i.e., technology-induced errors. Health information systems will need to undergo a more rigorous evaluation. Usability evaluation and simulation test with humans in the loop can help to detect and prevent technology-induced errors before they are deployed in real health-care settings.

Packaging - Materials review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrmann, Matthias

2014-06-01

Nowadays, a large number of different electrochemical energy storage systems are known. In the last two decades the development was strongly driven by a continuously growing market of portable electronic devices (e.g. cellular phones, lap top computers, camcorders, cameras, tools). Current intensive efforts are under way to develop systems for automotive industry within the framework of electrically propelled mobility (e.g. hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, full electric vehicles) and also for the energy storage market (e.g. electrical grid stability, renewable energies). Besides the different systems (cell chemistries), electrochemical cells and batteries were developed and are offered in many shapes, sizes and designs, in order to meet performance and design requirements of the widespread applications. Proper packaging is thereby one important technological step for designing optimum, reliable and safe batteries for operation. In this contribution, current packaging approaches of cells and batteries together with the corresponding materials are discussed. The focus is laid on rechargeable systems for industrial applications (i.e. alkaline systems, lithium-ion, lead-acid). In principle, four different cell types (shapes) can be identified - button, cylindrical, prismatic and pouch. Cell size can be either in accordance with international (e.g. International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC) or other standards or can meet application-specific dimensions. Since cell housing or container, terminals and, if necessary, safety installations as inactive (non-reactive) materials reduce energy density of the battery, the development of low-weight packages is a challenging task. In addition to that, other requirements have to be fulfilled: mechanical stability and durability, sealing (e.g. high permeation barrier against humidity for lithium-ion technology), high packing efficiency, possible installation of safety devices (current interrupt device, valve, etc.), chemical inertness, cost issues, and others. Finally, proper cell design has to be considered for effective thermal management (i.e. cooling and heating) of battery packs.

Optical design of laser zoom projective lens with variable total track

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Yulan; Xiao, Xiangguo; Lu, Feng; Li, Yuan; Han, Kunye; Wang, Nanxi; Qiang, Hua

2017-02-01

In order to project the laser command information to the proper distance , so a laser zoom projective lens with variable total track optical system is designed in the carrier-based aircraft landing system. By choosing the zoom structure, designing of initial structure with PW solution, correcting and balancing the aberration, a large variable total track with 35 × zoom is carried out. The size of image is invariable that is φ25m, the distance of projective image is variable from 100m to 3500m. Optical reverse design, the spot is less than 8μm, the MTF is near the diffraction limitation, the value of MTF is bigger than 0.4 at 50lp/mm.

Computer aided design of architecture of degradable tissue engineering scaffolds.

PubMed

Heljak, M K; Kurzydlowski, K J; Swieszkowski, W

2017-11-01

One important factor affecting the process of tissue regeneration is scaffold stiffness loss, which should be properly balanced with the rate of tissue regeneration. The aim of the research reported here was to develop a computer tool for designing the architecture of biodegradable scaffolds fabricated by melt-dissolution deposition systems (e.g. Fused Deposition Modeling) to provide the required scaffold stiffness at each stage of degradation/regeneration. The original idea presented in the paper is that the stiffness of a tissue engineering scaffold can be controlled during degradation by means of a proper selection of the diameter of the constituent fibers and the distances between them. This idea is based on the size-effect on degradation of aliphatic polyesters. The presented computer tool combines a genetic algorithm and a diffusion-reaction model of polymer hydrolytic degradation. In particular, we show how to design the architecture of scaffolds made of poly(DL-lactide-co-glycolide) with the required Young's modulus change during hydrolytic degradation.

Non-radiation induced signals in TL dosimetry.

PubMed

German, U; Weinstein, M

2002-01-01

One source of background signals, which are non-radiation related, is the reader system and it includes dark current, external contaminants and electronic spikes. These factors can induce signals equivalent to several hundredths of mSv. Mostly, the effects are minimised by proper design of the TLD reader, but some effects are dependent on proper operation of the system. The other main group of background signals originates in the TL crystal and is due to tribothermoluminescence, dirt, chemical reactions and stimulation by visible or UV light. These factors can have a significant contribution, equivalent to over several mSv, depending on whether the crystal is bare or protected by PTFE. Working in clean environments, monitoring continuously the glow curves and performing glow curve deconvolution are suggested to minimise non-radiation induced spurious signals.

Space power system design and development from an economic point of view

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hazelrigg, G. A., Jr.

1977-01-01

The concept of a satellite solar power system offers a feasible, but unproven, long-range energy alternative. While the basic physics of these systems is understood, many developments are necessary in order to reduce the system cost to the point of being cost-competitive with alternative energy sources. Thus, a substantial technology advancement and verification program, plus test and demonstration satellite programs are necessary before a full-scale satellite can be designed and built. It is important to properly identify those elements of the technology that should be subject to development efforts, the goals of the corresponding development programs and the appropriate funding levels and schedules. Systems studies and designs play a major role in rationally formulating a development program. This paper uses an economic approach to place these studies into a framework for formulating a viable satellite solar power system development plan.

Self-optimizing Pitch Control for Large Scale Wind Turbine Based on ADRC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Anjun; Hu, Guoqing; Li, Zheng; Huang, Dongxiao; Wang, Fengxiang

2018-01-01

Since wind turbine is a complex nonlinear and strong coupling system, traditional PI control method can hardly achieve good control performance. A self-optimizing pitch control method based on the active-disturbance-rejection control theory is proposed in this paper. A linear model of the wind turbine is derived by linearizing the aerodynamic torque equation and the dynamic response of wind turbine is transformed into a first-order linear system. An expert system is designed to optimize the amplification coefficient according to the pitch rate and the speed deviation. The purpose of the proposed control method is to regulate the amplification coefficient automatically and keep the variations of pitch rate and rotor speed in proper ranges. Simulation results show that the proposed pitch control method has the ability to modify the amplification coefficient effectively, when it is not suitable, and keep the variations of pitch rate and rotor speed in proper ranges

Multi-frequency entanglement router system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Erdmann, Reinhard; Hughes, David

2017-05-01

A high performance free-space Wavelength Division Multiplexed (WDM) transceiver system is assessed as to its viability for routing collinear entangled photons in place of the classical optical signals for which it was designed. Explicit calculations demonstrate that entanglement in the input state is retained through transit of the system without intrinsic loss. Introducing spatial degrees of freedom changed the entanglement so that it could be manifested at remote locations, as required in non-local Bell test measurements or Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) Protocols. It was also found that by adding proper components, the exit state could be changed from being frequency entangled to polarization entangled, with respect to the (remote) paths of the photons. Finally it was found possible to route a complete entangled state to either of the two remote users by proper selection of the discrete frequencies in the input state. Each entanglement in the photon states was maximal, hence suited for Quantum Information Processing (QIP) applications.

Adapting the design of Anesthesia Information Management Systems to innovations depicted in Industrial Property documents.

PubMed

Spyropoulos, B; Tzavaras, A; Zogogianni, D; Botsivaly, M

2013-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to present the design and the current development status of an Anesthesia Information Management System (AIMS). For this system, the physical and technical advances, depicted in relevant, recently published Industrial Property documents, have been taken into account. Additional innovative sensors create further data-load to be managed. Novel wireless data-transmission modes demand eventually compliance to further proper standards, so that interoperability between AIMS and the existing Hospital Information Systems is being sustained. We attempted to define, the state-of-the-art concerning the functions, the design-prerequisites and the relevant standards and of an "emerging" AIMS that is combining hardware innovation, real-time data acquisition, processing and displaying and lastly enabling the necessary interoperability with the other components of the existing Hospital Information Systems. Finally, we report based on this approach, about the design and implementation status, of our "real-world" system under development and discuss the multifarious obstacles encountered during this still on-going project.

Fall Protection Introduction, #33462

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chochoms, Michael

The proper use of fall prevention and fall protection controls can reduce the risk of deaths and injuries caused by falls. This course, Fall Protection Introduction (#33462), is designed as an introduction to various types of recognized fall prevention and fall protection systems at Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), including guardrail systems, safety net systems, fall restraint systems, and fall arrest systems. Special emphasis is given to the components, inspection, care, and storage of personal fall arrest systems (PFASs). This course also presents controls for falling object hazards and emergency planning considerations for persons who have fallen.

Design of a rear anamorphic attachment for digital cinematography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cifuentes, A.; Valles, A.

2008-09-01

Digital taking systems for HDTV and now for the film industry present a particularly challenging design problem for rear adapters in general. The thick 3-channel prism block in the camera provides an important challenge in the design. In this paper the design of a 1.33x rear anamorphic attachment is presented. The new design departs significantly from the traditional Bravais condition due to the thick dichroic prism block. Design strategies for non-rotationally symmetric systems and fields of view are discussed. Anamorphic images intrinsically have a lower contrast and less resolution than their rotationally symmetric counterparts, therefore proper image evaluation must be considered. The interpretation of the traditional image quality methods applied to anamorphic images is also discussed in relation to the design process. The final design has a total track less than 50 mm, maintaining the telecentricity of the digital prime lens and taking full advantage of the f/1.4 prism block.

Integrating Model-Based Verification into Software Design Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yilmaz, Levent; Wang, Shuo

2005-01-01

Proper design analysis is indispensable to assure quality and reduce emergent costs due to faulty software. Teaching proper design verification skills early during pedagogical development is crucial, as such analysis is the only tractable way of resolving software problems early when they are easy to fix. The premise of the presented strategy is…

Development of the ECLSS Sizing Analysis Tool and ARS Mass Balance Model Using Microsoft Excel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McGlothlin, E. P.; Yeh, H. Y.; Lin, C. H.

1999-01-01

The development of a Microsoft Excel-compatible Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) sizing analysis "tool" for conceptual design of Mars human exploration missions makes it possible for a user to choose a certain technology in the corresponding subsystem. This tool estimates the mass, volume, and power requirements of every technology in a subsystem and the system as a whole. Furthermore, to verify that a design sized by the ECLSS Sizing Tool meets the mission requirements and integrates properly, mass balance models that solve for component throughputs of such ECLSS systems as the Water Recovery System (WRS) and Air Revitalization System (ARS) must be developed. The ARS Mass Balance Model will be discussed in this paper.

Telemedicine for Developing Countries

PubMed Central

Combi, Carlo; Pozzani, Gabriele

2016-01-01

Summary Background Developing countries need telemedicine applications that help in many situations, when physicians are a small number with respect to the population, when specialized physicians are not available, when patients and physicians in rural villages need assistance in the delivery of health care. Moreover, the requirements of telemedicine applications for developing countries are somewhat more demanding than for developed countries. Indeed, further social, organizational, and technical aspects need to be considered for successful telemedicine applications in developing countries. Objective We consider all the major projects in telemedicine, devoted to developing countries, as described by the proper scientific literature. On the basis of such literature, we want to define a specific taxonomy that allows a proper classification and a fast overview of telemedicine projects in developing countries. Moreover, by considering both the literature and some recent direct experiences, we want to complete such overview by discussing some design issues to be taken into consideration when developing telemedicine software systems. Methods We considered and reviewed the major conferences and journals in depth, and looked for reports on the telemedicine projects. Results We provide the reader with a survey of the main projects and systems, from which we derived a taxonomy of features of telemedicine systems for developing countries. We also propose and discuss some classification criteria for design issues, based on the lessons learned in this research area. Conclusions We highlight some challenges and recommendations to be considered when designing a telemedicine system for developing countries. PMID:27803948

Continued development and application of far-infrared detection techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Low, F. J.

1974-01-01

The development of a balloon gondola and pointing system are discussed which can be used with the low background far infrared telescope. Flight test progress of the new gondola is reported using a 3-axis system which would provide much greater capabilities. In this design both a polar and declination axis are use and are maintained in the proper orientation by a free handing (vertical) azimuth shaft.

Robust Feedback Control of Reconfigurable Multi-Agent Systems in Uncertain Adversarial Environments

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-09

R. G., Optimal Lunar Landing and Retargeting using a Hybrid Control Strategy. Proceedings of the 2013 AAS/AIAA Space Flight Mechanics Meeting (AAS...Furfaro, R. & Sanfelice, R. G., Switching System Model for Pinpoint Lunar Landing Guidance Using a Hybrid Control Strategy. Proceedings of the AIAA...methods in distributed settings and the design of numerical methods to properly compute their trajectories . We have generate results showing that

Economic competitiveness of fuel cell onsite integrated energy systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bollenbacher, G.

1983-01-01

The economic competitiveness of fuel cell onsite integrated energy systems (OS/IES) in residential and commercial buildings is examined. The analysis is carried out for three different buildings with each building assumed to be at three geographic locations spanning a range of climatic conditions. Numerous design options and operating strategies are evaluated and two economic criteria are used to measure economic performance. In general the results show that fuel cell OS/IES's are competitive in most regions of the country if the OS/IES is properly designed. The preferred design is grid connected, makes effective use of the fuel cell's thermal output, and has a fuel cell powerplant sized for the building's base electrical load.

Infrared fiber-optic fire sensors - Concepts and designs for Space Station applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tapphorn, Ralph M.; Porter, Alan R.

1990-01-01

Various design configurations used for testing IR fiber-optic (IFO) fire-sensor concepts are presented. Responsibility measurements conducted to select the best concept are reviewed. The results indicate that IFO fire-sensor systems based on distributed fiber sensors are feasible for future aerospace applications. For Space Station Freedom, these systems offer alternative fire detectors for monitoring areas within equipment or stage compartments where the ventilation may be inadequate for proper operation of smoke detectors. They also allow a large number of areas to be monitored by a single central detector unit, which reduces the associated cost and weight.

Engineers in the mist: The solar in the jungle project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thornton, J.P.; Thornton, S.

This article describes the design and installation of a photovoltaic power supply for a remote orangutan research station in the rain forest in Borneo. The unique needs of the station, including the problems created by noisy equipment and the transport of fuel offering potential for severe damage, are discussed, along with the design of the system, a community based system for the camp that would not only compensate for shadowing loss due to a chain link cage and meet the daily load, but would provide up to 20 days of energy if loads were managed properly.

Design features of implants for direct skeletal attachment of limb prostheses

PubMed Central

Pitkin, M.

2013-01-01

In direct skeletal attachment (DSA) of limb prostheses, a construct is implanted into an amputee’s residuum bone and protrudes out of the residuum’s skin. This technology represents an alternative to traditional suspension of prostheses via various socket systems, with clear indications when the sockets cannot be properly fitted. Contemporary DSA was invented in the 1990s, and several implant systems have been introduced since then. The current review is intended to compare the design features of implants for DSA whose use in humans or in animal studies has been reported in the literature. PMID:23554122

SOI N-Channel Field Effect Transistors, CHT-NMOS80, for Extreme Temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Patterson, Richard L.; Hammoud, Almad

2009-01-01

Extreme temperatures, both hot and cold, are anticipated in many of NASA space exploration missions as well as in terrestrial applications. One can seldom find electronics that are capable of operation under both regimes. Even for operation under one (hot or cold) temperature extreme, some thermal controls need to be introduced to provide appropriate ambient temperatures so that spacecraft on-board or field on-site electronic systems work properly. The inclusion of these controls, which comprise of heating elements and radiators along with their associated structures, adds to the complexity in the design of the system, increases cost and weight, and affects overall reliability. Thus, it would be highly desirable and very beneficial to eliminate these thermal measures in order to simplify system's design, improve efficiency, reduce development and launch costs, and improve reliability. These requirements can only be met through the development of electronic parts that are designed for proper and efficient operation under extreme temperature conditions. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) based devices are finding more use in harsh environments due to the benefits that their inherent design offers in terms of reduced leakage currents, less power consumption, faster switching speeds, good radiation tolerance, and extreme temperature operability. Little is known, however, about their performance at cryogenic temperatures and under wide thermal swings. The objective of this work was to evaluate the performance of a new commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) SOI parts over an extended temperature range and to determine the effects of thermal cycling on their performance. The results will establish a baseline on the suitability of such devices for use in space exploration missions under extreme temperatures, and will aid mission planners and circuit designers in the proper selection of electronic parts and circuits. The electronic part investigated in this work comprised of a CHT-NMOS80 high temperature N-channel MOSFET (metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor) device that was manufactured by CISSOID. This high voltage, medium-power transistor is fabricated using SOI processes and is designed for extreme wide temperature applications such as geothermal well logging, aerospace and avionics, and automotive industry. It has a high DC current capability and is specified for operation in the temperature range of -55 C to +225 C

The 25 kWe solar thermal Stirling hydraulic engine system: Conceptual design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Maurice; Emigh, Grant; Noble, Jack; Riggle, Peter; Sorenson, Torvald

1988-01-01

The conceptual design and analysis of a solar thermal free-piston Stirling hydraulic engine system designed to deliver 25 kWe when coupled to a 11 meter test bed concentrator is documented. A manufacturing cost assessment for 10,000 units per year was made. The design meets all program objectives including a 60,000 hr design life, dynamic balancing, fully automated control, more than 33.3 percent overall system efficiency, properly conditioned power, maximum utilization of annualized insolation, and projected production costs. The system incorporates a simple, rugged, reliable pool boiler reflux heat pipe to transfer heat from the solar receiver to the Stirling engine. The free-piston engine produces high pressure hydraulic flow which powers a commercial hydraulic motor that, in turn, drives a commercial rotary induction generator. The Stirling hydraulic engine uses hermetic bellows seals to separate helium working gas from hydraulic fluid which provides hydrodynamic lubrication to all moving parts. Maximum utilization of highly refined, field proven commercial components for electric power generation minimizes development cost and risk.

Design and development of a brushless, direct drive solar array reorientation system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jessee, R. D.

1972-01-01

This report covers the design and development of the laboratory model, and is essentially a compilation of reports covering the system and its various parts. To enhance completeness, the final report of Phase 1 covering circuit development of the controller is also included. A controller was developed for a brushless, direct-drive, single axis solar array reorientation system for earth-pointed, passively-stabilized spacecraft. A control systems was designed and breadboard circuits were built and tested for performance. The controller is designed to take over automatic control of the array on command after the spacecraft is stabilized in orbit. The controller will orient the solar array to the sun vector and automatically track to maintain proper orientation. So long as the orbit is circular, orientation toward the sun is maintained even though the spacecraft goes into the shadow of the earth. Particular attention was given in the design to limit reaction between the array and the spacecraft.

Multiple speed expandable bit synchronizer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bundinger, J. M.

1979-01-01

A multiple speed bit synchronizer was designed for installation in an inertial navigation system data decoder to extract non-return-to-zero level data and clock signal from biphase level data. The circuit automatically senses one of four pre-determined biphase data rates and synchronizes the proper clock rate to the data. Through a simple expansion of the basic design, synchronization of more than four binarily related data rates can be accomplished. The design provides an easily adaptable, low cost, low power alternative to external bit synchronizers with additional savings in size and weight.

Developing a control system for ARES 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fitzsimons, Philip M.

1992-01-01

A great deal of analysis and testing is conducted at the NASA Langley Research Center to support the development of safe and reliable helicopter rotor systems. This work is performed by the Rotorcraft Aeroelasticity Group located in the Transonic Dynamics Tunnel (TDT) facility. Over the past two decades a wide variety of tests have been successfully conducted in the TDT and their results have contributed significantly to the understanding of aeromechanical phenomena in rotor systems. This has led to improved tools for analysis and design, and ultimately to the development, of improved rotor systems. The TDT facility is ideally suited for these tests due to its unique ability to use a heavy gas as a working medium. This allows the model to be scaled such that the results obtained may be readily extrapolated to full scale. Until recently, the rotor system to be tested has been mounted on a fixed balance which is attached to the longeron which is attached to the stand through a single pitching degree of freedom. The testbed used is known as the Aeroelastic Rotor Experimental System (ARES 1). In order to extend the experimental capabilities to investigate the full rotor/body dynamic coupling present in a rotorcraft, a very ambitious project has been undertaken to design and construct a six degree of freedom system that can be controlled so as to emulate the inertial characteristics of a prescribed model fuselage. The electronic and mechanical hardware for this system has already been designed and constructed. This system is known ar ARES II. The rotor and its drive system are mounted on the balance which is attached to the longeron via six hydraulic actuators. This six degree of freedom parallel linkage is referred to in the literature as a Stuart Platform. By properly adjusting the length of the hydraulic actuators it is possible to position and orient the balance relative to the longeron. The longeron is attached to the stand via a pitch degree of freedom to allow testing over various forward flight regimes. One major task remaining to complete this testbed is the design and synthesis of a control system. To do this properly requires an understanding of the kinematics and dynamics of the system and robust control design. A brief description of the development of a control design is given.

40 CFR 86.159-00 - Exhaust emission test procedures for US06 emissions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from the dynamometer rolls shall be used. A speed vs. time recording, as evidence of dynamometer test... vehicle. In the case of vehicles with rear engine compartments (or if special designs make the above... appropriate throttle action to maintain the proper speed-time relationship, or to permit sampling system...

WORK SAFETY CONDITIONS WITH CLOSED RADIATION SOURCES (in Polish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brosziewicz, R.

1963-01-01

A discussion is presented of principles of radiological protection observed in the Radiation Chemistry Dept. of the Nuclear Research Inst., during operation of large sources of ionizing radiation. It has been revealed that a properly designed servicing system of these sources ensures full protection of personnel even with not fully protected sources. (auth)

14 CFR 25.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...— (1) Proper use is made of seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses provided for in the design; and... likelihood of the upper torso restraint system (where installed) moving off the occupant's shoulder, and with... shoulder during the impact. (4) The lap safety belt must remain on the occupant's pelvis during the impact...

14 CFR 25.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...— (1) Proper use is made of seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses provided for in the design; and... likelihood of the upper torso restraint system (where installed) moving off the occupant's shoulder, and with... shoulder during the impact. (4) The lap safety belt must remain on the occupant's pelvis during the impact...

14 CFR 25.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...— (1) Proper use is made of seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses provided for in the design; and... likelihood of the upper torso restraint system (where installed) moving off the occupant's shoulder, and with... shoulder during the impact. (4) The lap safety belt must remain on the occupant's pelvis during the impact...

14 CFR 25.562 - Emergency landing dynamic conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...— (1) Proper use is made of seats, safety belts, and shoulder harnesses provided for in the design; and... likelihood of the upper torso restraint system (where installed) moving off the occupant's shoulder, and with... shoulder during the impact. (4) The lap safety belt must remain on the occupant's pelvis during the impact...

Chiral catalysts immobilized on achiral polymers: effect of the polymer support on the performance of the catalyst.

PubMed

Altava, Belén; Burguete, M Isabel; García-Verdugo, Eduardo; Luis, Santiago V

2018-04-23

Positive effects of the polymeric support on the performance of supported chiral catalysts, in terms of activity, stability and selectivity-enantioselectivity, have been reported when the support is properly selected and optimized opening the way to the design of more efficient catalytic systems.

Operation and Maintenance of Wastewater Collection Systems. Volume I. Third Edition. A Field Study Training Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California State Univ., Sacramento. Dept. of Civil Engineering.

Proper installations, inspections, operations, maintenance and repairs of wastewater collection, conveyance and treatment facilities have a significant impact on the operation and maintenance costs, and the effectiveness of these facilities. This manual is the first volume of a two-part program designed to provide wastewater collection system…

Investigation of asphalt content design for open-graded bituminous mixes.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1974-01-01

Several design procedures associated with determining the proper asphalt content for open-graded bituminous mixes were investigated. Also considered was the proper amount of tack coat that should be placed on the old surface prior to paving operation...

Designing Flight Deck Procedures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Degani, Asaf; Wiener, Earl

2005-01-01

Three reports address the design of flight-deck procedures and various aspects of human interaction with cockpit systems that have direct impact on flight safety. One report, On the Typography of Flight- Deck Documentation, discusses basic research about typography and the kind of information needed by designers of flight deck documentation. Flight crews reading poorly designed documentation may easily overlook a crucial item on the checklist. The report surveys and summarizes the available literature regarding the design and typographical aspects of printed material. It focuses on typographical factors such as proper typefaces, character height, use of lower- and upper-case characters, line length, and spacing. Graphical aspects such as layout, color coding, fonts, and character contrast are discussed; and several cockpit conditions such as lighting levels and glare are addressed, as well as usage factors such as angular alignment, paper quality, and colors. Most of the insights and recommendations discussed in this report are transferable to paperless cockpit systems of the future and computer-based procedure displays (e.g., "electronic flight bag") in aerospace systems and similar systems that are used in other industries such as medical, nuclear systems, maritime operations, and military systems.

Supporting the human life-raft in confronting the juggernaut of technology: Jens Rasmussen, 1961-1986.

PubMed

Kant, Vivek

2017-03-01

Jens Rasmussen's contribution to the field of human factors and ergonomics has had a lasting impact. Six prominent interrelated themes can be extracted from his research between 1961 and 1986. These themes form the basis of an engineering epistemology which is best manifested by his abstraction hierarchy. Further, Rasmussen reformulated technical reliability using systems language to enable a proper human-machine fit. To understand the concept of human-machine fit, he included the operator as a central component in the system to enhance system safety. This change resulted in the application of a qualitative and categorical approach for human-machine interaction design. Finally, Rasmussen's insistence on a working philosophy of systems design as being a joint responsibility of operators and designers provided the basis for averting errors and ensuring safe and correct system functioning. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Air transportation in the California Corridor of 2010

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cameron, M.; Mahaffy, K.; Yanagi, G.; Lechmanski, L.; Riddle, T.; Howard, K.; Chan, C.; Gorman, M.; Bauer, B.

1989-01-01

The topic of the 1988-1989 NASA/USRA Advanced Design Project at California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, was the development of an air transportation system to meet the needs of the California Corridor for the year 2010. As aircraft design is taught by two instructors having different philosophies about the teaching process, the two classes took different approaches to address the problem. The first part of this summary (California Air Transit System) represents the work done by the students of Professor A. E. Andreoli, who followed a systems approach, emphasizing the determination of the proper mission. The second part of the summary (Four Aircraft to Service the California Corridor) contains the four aircraft designed by Dr. D. R. Sandlin's class based on specifications determined from work done in previous years.

Preliminary Results from the AFRL-NASA W/V-Band Terrestrial Link Experiment in Albuquerque, NM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zemba, Michael; Nessel, James; Houts, Jacquelynne; Tarasenko, Nicholas; Lane, Steven; Murrell, David

2016-01-01

Atmospheric propagation models and the measurements that train them are critical to the design of efficient and effective space-ground links. As communication systems advance to higher frequencies in search of higher data rates and open spectrum, a lack of data at these frequencies necessitates new measurements to properly develop, validate, and refine the models used for link budgeting and system design. In collaboration with the Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL), NASA Glenn Research Center has deployed the WV-band Terrestrial Link Experiment (WTLE) in Albuquerque, NM to conduct a measurement campaign at 72 and 84 GHz, among the first atmospheric propagation measurements at these frequencies. WTLE has been operational since October 1, 2015, and the system design shall be herein discussed alongside preliminary results and performance.

Distributed software framework and continuous integration in hydroinformatics systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Jianzhong; Zhang, Wei; Xie, Mengfei; Lu, Chengwei; Chen, Xiao

2017-08-01

When encountering multiple and complicated models, multisource structured and unstructured data, complex requirements analysis, the platform design and integration of hydroinformatics systems become a challenge. To properly solve these problems, we describe a distributed software framework and it’s continuous integration process in hydroinformatics systems. This distributed framework mainly consists of server cluster for models, distributed database, GIS (Geographic Information System) servers, master node and clients. Based on it, a GIS - based decision support system for joint regulating of water quantity and water quality of group lakes in Wuhan China is established.

Variable Emissivity Through MEMS Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Darrin, Ann Garrison; Osiander, Robert; Champion, John; Swanson, Ted; Douglas, Donya; Grob, Lisa M.; Powers, Edward I. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

This paper discusses a new technology for variable emissivity (vari-e) radiator surfaces, which has significant advantages over traditional radiators and promises an alternative design technique for future spacecraft thermal control systems. All spacecraft rely on radiative surfaces to dissipate waste heat. These radiators have special coatings, typically with a low solar absorptivity and a high infrared-red emissivity, that are intended to optimize performance under the expected heat load and thermal sink environment. The dynamics of the heat loads and thermal environment make it a challenge to properly size the radiator and often require some means of regulating the heat rejection rate of the radiators in order to achieve proper thermal balance. Specialized thermal control coatings, which can passively or actively adjust their emissivity offer an attractive solution to these design challenges. Such systems would allow intelligent control of the rate of heat loss from a radiator in response to heat load and thermal environmental variations. Intelligent thermal control through variable emissivity systems is well suited for nano and pico spacecraft applications where large thermal fluctuations are expected due to the small thermal mass and limited electric resources. Presently there are three different types of vari-e technologies under development: Micro ElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS) louvers, Electrochromic devices, and Electrophoretic devices. This paper will describe several prototypes of micromachined (MEMS) louvers and experimental results for the emissivity variations measured on theses prototypes. It will further discuss possible actuation mechanisms and space reliability aspects for different designs. Finally, for comparison parametric evaluations of the thermal performances of the new vari-e technology and standard thermal control systems are presented in this paper.

Linear Covariance Analysis for a Lunar Lander

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jang, Jiann-Woei; Bhatt, Sagar; Fritz, Matthew; Woffinden, David; May, Darryl; Braden, Ellen; Hannan, Michael

2017-01-01

A next-generation lunar lander Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GNC) system, which includes a state-of-the-art optical sensor suite, is proposed in a concept design cycle. The design goal is to allow the lander to softly land within the prescribed landing precision. The achievement of this precision landing requirement depends on proper selection of the sensor suite. In this paper, a robust sensor selection procedure is demonstrated using a Linear Covariance (LinCov) analysis tool developed by Draper.

Constellation Program Human-System Integration Requirements. Revision E, Nov. 19, 2010

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dory, Jonathan

2010-01-01

The Human-Systems Integration Requirements (HSIR) in this document drive the design of space vehicles, their systems, and equipment with which humans interface in the Constellation Program (CxP). These requirements ensure that the design of Constellation (Cx) systems is centered on the needs, capabilities, and limitations of the human. The HSIR provides requirements to ensure proper integration of human-to-system interfaces. These requirements apply to all mission phases, including pre-launch, ascent, Earth orbit, trans-lunar flight, lunar orbit, lunar landing, lunar ascent, Earth return, Earth entry, Earth landing, post-landing, and recovery. The Constellation Program must meet NASA's Agency-level human rating requirements, which are intended to ensure crew survival without permanent disability. The HSIR provides a key mechanism for achieving human rating of Constellation systems.

Laboratory model of the cardiovascular system for experimental demonstration of pulse wave propagation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stojadinović, Bojana; Nestorović, Zorica; Djurić, Biljana; Tenne, Tamar; Zikich, Dragoslav; Žikić, Dejan

2017-03-01

The velocity by which a disturbance moves through the medium is the wave velocity. Pulse wave velocity is among the key parameters in hemodynamics. Investigation of wave propagation through the fluid-filled elastic tube has a great importance for the proper biophysical understanding of the nature of blood flow through the cardiovascular system. Here, we present a laboratory model of the cardiovascular system. We have designed an experimental setup which can help medical and nursing students to properly learn and understand basic fluid hemodynamic principles, pulse wave and the phenomenon of wave propagation in blood vessels. Demonstration of wave propagation allowed a real time observation of the formation of compression and expansion waves by students, thus enabling them to better understand the difference between the two waves, and also to measure the pulse wave velocity for different fluid viscosities. The laboratory model of the cardiovascular system could be useful as an active learning methodology and a complementary tool for understanding basic principles of hemodynamics.

Controllability analysis and decentralized control of a wet limestone flue gas desulfurization plant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Perales, A.L.V.; Ortiz, F.J.G.; Ollero, P.

2008-12-15

Presently, decentralized feedback control is the only control strategy used in wet limestone flue gas desulfurization (WLFGD) plants. Proper tuning of this control strategy is becoming an important issue in WLFGD plants because more stringent SO{sub 2} regulations have come into force recently. Controllability analysis is a highly valuable tool for proper design of control systems, but it has not been applied to WLFGD plants so far. In this paper a decentralized control strategy is designed and applied to a WLFGD pilot plant taking into account the conclusions of a controllability analysis. The results reveal that good SO{sub 2} controlmore » in WLFGD plants can be achieved mainly because the main disturbance of the process is well-aligned with the plant and interactions between control loops are beneficial to SO{sub 2} control.« less

Designing a Clinical Data Warehouse Architecture to Support Quality Improvement Initiatives.

PubMed

Chelico, John D; Wilcox, Adam B; Vawdrey, David K; Kuperman, Gilad J

2016-01-01

Clinical data warehouses, initially directed towards clinical research or financial analyses, are evolving to support quality improvement efforts, and must now address the quality improvement life cycle. In addition, data that are needed for quality improvement often do not reside in a single database, requiring easier methods to query data across multiple disparate sources. We created a virtual data warehouse at NewYork Presbyterian Hospital that allowed us to bring together data from several source systems throughout the organization. We also created a framework to match the maturity of a data request in the quality improvement life cycle to proper tools needed for each request. As projects progress in the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control stages of quality improvement, there is a proper matching of resources the data needs at each step. We describe the analysis and design creating a robust model for applying clinical data warehousing to quality improvement.

Designing a Clinical Data Warehouse Architecture to Support Quality Improvement Initiatives

PubMed Central

Chelico, John D.; Wilcox, Adam B.; Vawdrey, David K.; Kuperman, Gilad J.

2016-01-01

Clinical data warehouses, initially directed towards clinical research or financial analyses, are evolving to support quality improvement efforts, and must now address the quality improvement life cycle. In addition, data that are needed for quality improvement often do not reside in a single database, requiring easier methods to query data across multiple disparate sources. We created a virtual data warehouse at NewYork Presbyterian Hospital that allowed us to bring together data from several source systems throughout the organization. We also created a framework to match the maturity of a data request in the quality improvement life cycle to proper tools needed for each request. As projects progress in the Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control stages of quality improvement, there is a proper matching of resources the data needs at each step. We describe the analysis and design creating a robust model for applying clinical data warehousing to quality improvement. PMID:28269833

Review & Peer Review of “Parameters for Properly Designed and Operated Flares” Documents

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains two 2012 memoranda on the review of EPA's parameters for properly designed and operated flares. One details the process of peer review, and the other provides background information and specific charge questions to the panel.

Enhanced optical design by distortion control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thibault, Simon; Gauvin, Jonny; Doucet, Michel; Wang, Min

2005-09-01

The control of optical distortion is useful for the design of a variety of optical system. The most popular is the F-theta lens used in laser scanning system to produce a constant scan velocity across the image plane. Many authors have designed during the last 20 years distortion control corrector. Today, many challenging digital imaging system can use distortion the enhanced their imaging capability. A well know example is a reversed telephoto type, if the barrel distortion is increased instead of being corrected; the result is a so-called Fish-eye lens. However, if we control the barrel distortion instead of only increasing it, the resulting system can have enhanced imaging capability. This paper will present some lens design and real system examples that clearly demonstrate how the distortion control can improve the system performances such as resolution. We present innovative optical system which increases the resolution in the field of view of interest to meet the needs of specific applications. One critical issue when we designed using distortion is the optimization management. Like most challenging lens design, the automatic optimization is less reliable. Proper management keeps the lens design within the correct range, which is critical for optimal performance (size, cost, manufacturability). Many lens design presented tailor a custom merit function and approach.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-15

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. Marshall SPace Flight Center (MSFC) is begirning to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models are used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup is to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability provides general visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC).

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-12-15

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. Marshall Spce Flight Center (MSFC) is begirning to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models are used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup is to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability provides general visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC).

Multiobjective optimization techniques for structural design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rao, S. S.

1984-01-01

The multiobjective programming techniques are important in the design of complex structural systems whose quality depends generally on a number of different and often conflicting objective functions which cannot be combined into a single design objective. The applicability of multiobjective optimization techniques is studied with reference to simple design problems. Specifically, the parameter optimization of a cantilever beam with a tip mass and a three-degree-of-freedom vabration isolation system and the trajectory optimization of a cantilever beam are considered. The solutions of these multicriteria design problems are attempted by using global criterion, utility function, game theory, goal programming, goal attainment, bounded objective function, and lexicographic methods. It has been observed that the game theory approach required the maximum computational effort, but it yielded better optimum solutions with proper balance of the various objective functions in all the cases.

Robust Constrained Optimization Approach to Control Design for International Space Station Centrifuge Rotor Auto Balancing Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Postma, Barry Dirk

2005-01-01

This thesis discusses application of a robust constrained optimization approach to control design to develop an Auto Balancing Controller (ABC) for a centrifuge rotor to be implemented on the International Space Station. The design goal is to minimize a performance objective of the system, while guaranteeing stability and proper performance for a range of uncertain plants. The Performance objective is to minimize the translational response of the centrifuge rotor due to a fixed worst-case rotor imbalance. The robustness constraints are posed with respect to parametric uncertainty in the plant. The proposed approach to control design allows for both of these objectives to be handled within the framework of constrained optimization. The resulting controller achieves acceptable performance and robustness characteristics.

78 FR 40149 - Scientific Information Request on Chronic Urinary Retention (CUR) Treatment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-03

... improve the quality of this review. AHRQ is conducting this comparative effectiveness review pursuant to..., study period, design, methodology, indication and diagnosis, proper use instructions, inclusion and... study number, the study period, design, methodology, indication and diagnosis, proper use instructions...

Under Voltage Lock-Out Design Rules for Proper Start-Up of Energy Autonomous Systems Powered by Supercapacitors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boitier, V.; Durand Estèbe, P.; Monthéard, R.; Bafleur, M.; Dilhac, J. M.

2013-12-01

This paper deals with the issue of the initial start-up of an autonomous and battery-free system powered by an energy harvester associated with a storage subsystem based on supercapacitors initially discharged. A review of different low power Under Voltage Lock-Out (UVLO) solutions used to delay the load start-up and to avoid a useless discharge of supercapacitors is presented and discussed.

A Neural Network Aero Design System for Advanced Turbo-Engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sanz, Jose M.

1999-01-01

An inverse design method calculates the blade shape that produces a prescribed input pressure distribution. By controlling this input pressure distribution the aerodynamic design objectives can easily be met. Because of the intrinsic relationship between pressure distribution and airfoil physical properties, a Neural Network can be trained to choose the optimal pressure distribution that would meet a set of physical requirements. Neural network systems have been attempted in the context of direct design methods. From properties ascribed to a set of blades the neural network is trained to infer the properties of an 'interpolated' blade shape. The problem is that, especially in transonic regimes where we deal with intrinsically non linear and ill posed problems, small perturbations of the blade shape can produce very large variations of the flow parameters. It is very unlikely that, under these circumstances, a neural network will be able to find the proper solution. The unique situation in the present method is that the neural network can be trained to extract the required input pressure distribution from a database of pressure distributions while the inverse method will still compute the exact blade shape that corresponds to this 'interpolated' input pressure distribution. In other words, the interpolation process is transferred to a smoother problem, namely, finding what pressure distribution would produce the required flow conditions and, once this is done, the inverse method will compute the exact solution for this problem. The use of neural network is, in this context, highly related to the use of proper optimization techniques. The optimization is used essentially as an automation procedure to force the input pressure distributions to achieve the required aero and structural design parameters. A multilayered feed forward network with back-propagation is used to train the system for pattern association and classification.

Water supply pipe dimensioning using hydraulic power dissipation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sreemathy, J. R.; Rashmi, G.; Suribabu, C. R.

2017-07-01

Proper sizing of the pipe component of water distribution networks play an important role in the overall design of the any water supply system. Several approaches have been applied for the design of networks from an economical point of view. Traditional optimization techniques and population based stochastic algorithms are widely used to optimize the networks. But the use of these approaches is mostly found to be limited to the research level due to difficulties in understanding by the practicing engineers, design engineers and consulting firms. More over due to non-availability of commercial software related to the optimal design of water distribution system,it forces the practicing engineers to adopt either trial and error or experience-based design. This paper presents a simple approach based on power dissipation in each pipeline as a parameter to design the network economically, but not to the level of global minimum cost.

Feedstock and Conversion Supply System Design and Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jacobson, J.; Mohammad, R.; Cafferty, K.

The success of the earlier logistic pathway designs (Biochemical and Thermochemical) from a feedstock perspective was that it demonstrated that through proper equipment selection and best management practices, conventional supply systems (referred to in this report as “conventional designs,” or specifically the 2012 Conventional Design) can be successfully implemented to address dry matter loss, quality issues, and enable feedstock cost reductions that help to reduce feedstock risk of variable supply and quality and enable industry to commercialize biomass feedstock supply chains. The caveat of this success is that conventional designs depend on high density, low-cost biomass with no disruption frommore » incremental weather. In this respect, the success of conventional designs is tied to specific, highly productive regions such as the southeastern U.S. which has traditionally supported numerous pulp and paper industries or the Midwest U.S for corn stover.« less

Operability of Space Station Freedom's meteoroid/debris protection system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kahl, Maggie S.; Stokes, Jack W.

1992-01-01

The design of Space Station Freedom's external structure must not only protect the spacecraft from the hazardous environment, but also must be compatible with the extra vehicular activity system for assembly and maintenance. The external procedures for module support are utility connections, external orbital replaceable unit changeout, and maintenance of the meteoroid/debris shields and multilayer insulation. All of these interfaces require proper man-machine engineering to be compatible with the extra vehicular activity and manipulator systems. This paper discusses design solutions, including those provided for human interface, to the Space Station Freedom meteoroid/debris protection system. The system advantages and current access capabilities are illustrated through analysis of its configuration over the Space Station Freedom resource nodes and common modules, with emphasis on the cylindrical sections and endcones.

Design and evaluation of the ReKon : an integrated detection and assessment perimeter system.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dabling, Jeffrey Glenn; Andersen, Jason Jann; McLaughlin, James O.

2013-02-01

Kontek Industries (Kannapolis, NC) and their subsidiary, Stonewater Control Systems (Kannapolis, NC), have entered into a cooperative research and development agreement with Sandia to jointly develop and evaluate an integrated perimeter security system solution, one that couples access delay with detection and assessment. This novel perimeter solution was designed to be configurable for use at facilities ranging from high-security military sites to commercial power plants, to petro/chemical facilities of various kinds. A prototype section of the perimeter has been produced and installed at the Sandia Test and Evaluation Center in Albuquerque, NM. This prototype system integrated fiber optic break sensors,more » active infrared sensors, fence disturbance sensors, video motion detection, and ground sensors. This report documents the design, testing, and performance evaluation of the developed ReKon system. The ability of the system to properly detect pedestrian or vehicle attempts to bypass, breach, or otherwise defeat the system is characterized, as well as the Nuisance Alarm Rate.« less

Photonic heterostructure High Contrast Grating as a novel polarization control and light confinement system in HCG VCSEL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gebski, M.; Dems, M.; Chen, J.; Qijie, W.; Dao Hua, Z.; Czyszanowski, T.

2014-05-01

In this paper we present results of computer optical simulations of VCSEL with modified high refractive index contrast grating (HCG) as a top mirror. We consider the HCG of two different designs which determine the lateral aperture. Such HCG mirror provides selective guiding effect. We show that proper design of aperture of HCG results in almost sixfold increase in cavity Q-factor for zero order mode and a discrimination of higher order modes.

High-speed inlet research program and supporting analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coltrin, Robert E.

1990-01-01

The technology challenges faced by the high speed inlet designer are discussed by describing the considerations that went into the design of the Mach 5 research inlet. It is shown that the emerging three dimensional viscous computational fluid dynamics (CFD) flow codes, together with small scale experiments, can be used to guide larger scale full inlet systems research. Then, in turn, the results of the large scale research, if properly instrumented, can be used to validate or at least to calibrate the CFD codes.

Inland Waters Night Lighting Configurations: A Navigation Rules Course for Coast Guard Auxiliarists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffiths, Gregory Peter

A project developed a training program to teach boaters to recognize and interpret properly the lights of other vessels in nighttime or other reduced visibility conditions in the inland waters of the United States. The project followed the Instructional Systems Design model in the development of the course. The target population were members of…

New Pay: Compensation as a Strategic Tool. Workforce Brief #5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Stephen

Although what the work companies do and how they do it have shifted significantly, companies' reward and salary structures have remained largely the same; however, a properly designed compensation and pay system can be a strategic tool to enhance a firm's competitiveness. New approaches tie pay more closely to performance, rather than to tenure…

Education in Belgium. Bulletin, 1932, No. 5

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abel, James F.

1932-01-01

The people of the Kingdom of Belgium (Royaume de Belgique) at the close of the nation's first century of independence, have systems of schools and allied institutions of wide variety designed to guide and aid their citizenry in proper development from earliest infancy to and during the adult years. Living in a territory long inhabited by virile,…

Development of the prototype pneumatic transfer system for ITER neutron activation system.

PubMed

Cheon, M S; Seon, C R; Pak, S; Lee, H G; Bertalot, L

2012-10-01

The neutron activation system (NAS) measures neutron fluence at the first wall and the total neutron flux from the ITER plasma, providing evaluation of the fusion power for all operational phases. The pneumatic transfer system (PTS) is one of the key components of the NAS for the proper operation of the system, playing a role of transferring encapsulated samples between the capsule loading machine, irradiation stations, counting stations, and disposal bin. For the validation and the optimization of the design, a prototype of the PTS was developed and capsule transfer tests were performed with the developed system.

Application of the concept of dynamic trim control to automatic landing of carrier aircraft. [utilizing digital feedforeward control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, G. A.; Meyer, G.

1980-01-01

The results of a simulation study of an alternative design concept for an automatic landing control system are presented. The alternative design concept for an automatic landing control system is described. The design concept is the total aircraft flight control system (TAFCOS). TAFCOS is an open loop, feed forward system that commands the proper instantaneous thrust, angle of attack, and roll angle to achieve the forces required to follow the desired trajector. These dynamic trim conditions are determined by an inversion of the aircraft nonlinear force characteristics. The concept was applied to an A-7E aircraft approaching an aircraft carrier. The implementation details with an airborne digital computer are discussed. The automatic carrier landing situation is described. The simulation results are presented for a carrier approach with atmospheric disturbances, an approach with no disturbances, and for tailwind and headwind gusts.

Material handling robot system for flow-through storage applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dill, James F.; Candiloro, Brian; Downer, James; Wiesman, Richard; Fallin, Larry; Smith, Ron

1999-01-01

This paper describes the design, development and planned implementation of a system of mobile robots for use in flow through storage applications. The robots are being designed with on-board embedded controls so that they can perform their tasks as semi-autonomous workers distributed within a centrally controlled network. On the storage input side, boxes will be identified by bar-codes and placed into preassigned flow through bins. On the shipping side, orders will be forwarded to the robots from a central order processing station and boxes will be picked from designated storage bins following proper sequencing to permit direct loading into trucks for shipping. Because of the need to maintain high system availability, a distributed control strategy has been selected. When completed, the system will permit robots to be dynamically reassigned responsibilities if an individual unit fails. On-board health diagnostics and condition monitoring will be used to maintain high reliability of the units.

FAME, a microprocessor based front-end analysis and modeling environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosenbaum, J. D.; Kutin, E. B.

1980-01-01

Higher order software (HOS) is a methodology for the specification and verification of large scale, complex, real time systems. The HOS methodology was implemented as FAME (front end analysis and modeling environment), a microprocessor based system for interactively developing, analyzing, and displaying system models in a low cost user-friendly environment. The nature of the model is such that when completed it can be the basis for projection to a variety of forms such as structured design diagrams, Petri-nets, data flow diagrams, and PSL/PSA source code. The user's interface with the analyzer is easily recognized by any current user of a structured modeling approach; therefore extensive training is unnecessary. Furthermore, when all the system capabilities are used one can check on proper usage of data types, functions, and control structures thereby adding a new dimension to the design process that will lead to better and more easily verified software designs.

Hybrid PV/Wind Power Systems Incorporating Battery Storage and Considering the Stochastic Nature of Renewable Resources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barnawi, Abdulwasa Bakr

Hybrid power generation system and distributed generation technology are attracting more investments due to the growing demand for energy nowadays and the increasing awareness regarding emissions and their environmental impacts such as global warming and pollution. The price fluctuation of crude oil is an additional reason for the leading oil producing countries to consider renewable resources as an alternative. Saudi Arabia as the top oil exporter country in the word announced the "Saudi Arabia Vision 2030" which is targeting to generate 9.5 GW of electricity from renewable resources. Two of the most promising renewable technologies are wind turbines (WT) and photovoltaic cells (PV). The integration or hybridization of photovoltaics and wind turbines with battery storage leads to higher adequacy and redundancy for both autonomous and grid connected systems. This study presents a method for optimal generation unit planning by installing a proper number of solar cells, wind turbines, and batteries in such a way that the net present value (NPV) is minimized while the overall system redundancy and adequacy is maximized. A new renewable fraction technique (RFT) is used to perform the generation unit planning. RFT was tested and validated with particle swarm optimization and HOMER Pro under the same conditions and environment. Renewable resources and load randomness and uncertainties are considered. Both autonomous and grid-connected system designs were adopted in the optimal generation units planning process. An uncertainty factor was designed and incorporated in both autonomous and grid connected system designs. In the autonomous hybrid system design model, the strategy including an additional amount of operation reserve as a percent of the hourly load was considered to deal with resource uncertainty since the battery storage system is the only backup. While in the grid-connected hybrid system design model, demand response was incorporated to overcome the impact of uncertainty and perform energy trading between the hybrid grid utility and main grid utility in addition to the designed uncertainty factor. After the generation unit planning was carried out and component sizing was determined, adequacy evaluation was conducted by calculating the loss of load expectation adequacy index for different contingency criteria considering probability of equipment failure. Finally, a microgrid planning was conducted by finding the proper size and location to install distributed generation units in a radial distribution network.

Approaching the design of a failsafe turbine monitor with simple microcontroller blocks

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zapolin, R.E.

1995-12-31

The proper approach to early instrumentation design for tasks like failsafe turbine monitoring permits meeting requirements without resorting to traditional complex special-purpose electronics. Instead a small network of basic microcontroller building blocks can split the effort with each block optimized for its portion of the overall system. This paper discusses approaching design by partitioning intricate system specifications to permit each block to be optimized to the safety level appropriate for its portion of the overall task while retaining and production and reliability advantages of having common simple modules. It illustrates that approach with a modular microcontroller-based speed monitor which metmore » user needs for the latest in power plant monitoring equipment.« less

Design of pulsed guiding magnetic field for high power microwave generators.

PubMed

Ju, J-C; Zhang, H; Zhang, J; Shu, T; Zhong, H-H

2014-09-01

In this paper, we present a comprehensive study on designing solenoid together with the corresponding power supply system to excite pulsed magnetic field required for high power microwave generators. Particularly, a solenoid is designed and the excited magnetic field is applied to a Ku-band overmoded Cerenkov generator. It is found in experiment that the electron beam is properly guided by the magnetic field and a 1.1 GW high power microwave is achieved at a central frequency of 13.76 GHz. Pulsed solenoid system has the advantages of compactness and low energy consumption, which are of great interest for repetitive operation. The reported studies and results can be generalized to other applications which require magnetic fields.

Design of the PET-MR system for head imaging of the DREAM Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

González, A. J.; Conde, P.; Hernández, L.; Herrero, V.; Moliner, L.; Monzó, J. M.; Orero, A.; Peiró, A.; Rodríguez-Álvarez, M. J.; Ros, A.; Sánchez, F.; Soriano, A.; Vidal, L. F.; Benlloch, J. M.

2013-02-01

In this paper we describe the overall design of a PET-MR system for head imaging within the framework of the DREAM Project as well as the first detector module tests. The PET system design consists of 4 rings of 16 detector modules each and it is expected to be integrated in a head dedicated radio frequency coil of an MR scanner. The PET modules are based on monolithic LYSO crystals coupled by means of optical devices to an array of 256 Silicon Photomultipliers. These types of crystals allow to preserve the scintillation light distribution and, thus, to recover the exact photon impact position with the proper characterization of such a distribution. Every module contains 4 Application Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) which return detailed information of several light statistical momenta. The preliminary tests carried out on this design and controlled by means of ASICs have shown promising results towards the suitability of hybrid PET-MR systems.

Layer-by-layer design method for soft-X-ray multilayers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yamamoto, Masaki; Namioka, Takeshi

1992-01-01

A new design method effective for a nontransparent system has been developed for soft-X-ray multilayers with the aid of graphic representation of the complex amplitude reflectance in a Gaussian plane. The method provides an effective means of attaining the absolute maximum reflectance on a layer-by-layer basis and also gives clear insight into the evolution of the amplitude reflectance on a multilayer as it builds up. An optical criterion is derived for the selection of a proper pair of materials needed for designing a high-reflectance multilayer. Some examples are given to illustrate the usefulness of this design method.

Passive damping enhancement of a two-degree-of-freedom system through a strongly nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom attachment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wierschem, Nicholas E.; Quinn, D. Dane; Hubbard, Sean A.; Al-Shudeifat, Mohammad A.; McFarland, D. Michael; Luo, Jie; Fahnestock, Larry A.; Spencer, Billie F.; Vakakis, Alexander F.; Bergman, Lawrence A.

2012-12-01

This work reports on the first experimental study of the broadband targeted energy transfer properties of a two-degree-of-freedom (two-DOF) essentially nonlinear energy absorber. In particular, proper design of the absorber allows for an extended range of energy over which it serves to significantly enhance the damping observed in the structural system to which it is attached. Comparisons of computational and experimental results validate the proposed design as a means of drastically enhancing the damping properties of a structure by passive broadband targeted energy transfers to a strongly nonlinear, multidegree-of-freedom attachment.

Quinonoid metal complexes: toward molecular switches.

PubMed

Dei, Andrea; Gatteschi, Dante; Sangregorio, Claudio; Sorace, Lorenzo

2004-11-01

The peculiar redox-active character of quinonoid metal complexes makes them extremely appealing to design materials of potential technological interest. We show here how the tuning of the properties of these systems can be pursued by using appropriate molecular synthetic techniques. In particular, we focus our attention on metal polyoxolene complexes exhibiting intramolecular electron transfer processes involving either the ligand and the metal ion or the two dioxolene moieties of a properly designed ligand thus inducing electronic bistability. The transition between the two metastable electronic states can be induced by different external stimuli such as temperature, pressure, light, or pH suggesting the use of these systems for molecular switches.

78 FR 52929 - Scientific Information Request on Imaging Tests for the Diagnosis and Staging of Pancreatic...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-27

... improve the quality of this review. AHRQ is conducting this comparative effectiveness review pursuant to..., study period, design, methodology, indication and diagnosis, proper use instructions, inclusion and... including a study number, the study period, design, methodology, indication and diagnosis, proper use...

Efficient Authoring of SCORM Courseware Adapted to User Learning Style: The Case of ProPer SAT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazanidis, Ioannis; Satratzemi, Maya

Online courses are the most popular way to deliver knowledge for distance learning. New researches attempt to personalize the educational process with the use of the Adaptive Educational Hypermedia Systems. Moreover, due to the significant amount of time, money and effort devoted to creating online courses, developers strive to incorporate standards, such as SCORM, for the reusability, interoperability and durability of the educational content. However, it is a difficult task for teachers without programming knowledge to design and author adaptive courses. This work presents ProPer SAT, an authoring tool implemented for quick and easy SCORM courseware construction which can also be adapted to specific user learning styles.

Applicability and Limitations of Reliability Allocation Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cruz, Jose A.

2016-01-01

Reliability allocation process may be described as the process of assigning reliability requirements to individual components within a system to attain the specified system reliability. For large systems, the allocation process is often performed at different stages of system design. The allocation process often begins at the conceptual stage. As the system design develops, more information about components and the operating environment becomes available, different allocation methods can be considered. Reliability allocation methods are usually divided into two categories: weighting factors and optimal reliability allocation. When properly applied, these methods can produce reasonable approximations. Reliability allocation techniques have limitations and implied assumptions that need to be understood by system engineers. Applying reliability allocation techniques without understanding their limitations and assumptions can produce unrealistic results. This report addresses weighting factors, optimal reliability allocation techniques, and identifies the applicability and limitations of each reliability allocation technique.

Overview of NASA Langley's Piezoelectric Ceramic Packaging Technology and Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryant, Robert G.

2007-01-01

Over the past decade, NASA Langley Research Center (LaRC) has developed several actuator packaging concepts designed to enhance the performance of commercial electroactive ceramics. NASA LaRC focused on properly designed actuator and sensor packaging for the following reasons, increased durability, protect the working material from the environment, allow for proper mechanical and electrical contact, afford "ready to use" mechanisms that are scalable, and develop fabrication methodology applicable to any active material of the same physical class. It is more cost effective to enhance or tailor the performance of existing systems, through innovative packaging, than to develop, test and manufacture new materials. This approach led to the development of several solid state actuators that include THUNDER, the Macrofiber Composite or (MFC) and the Radial Field Diaphragm or (RFD). All these actuators are fabricated using standard materials and processes derived from earlier concepts. NASA s fabrication and packaging technology as yielded, piezoelectric actuators and sensors that are easy to implement, reliable, consistent in properties, and of lower cost to manufacture in quantity, than their predecessors (as evidenced by their continued commercial availability.) These piezoelectric actuators have helped foster new research and development in areas involving computational modeling, actuator specific refinements, and engineering system redesign which led to new applications for piezo-based devices that replace traditional systems currently in use.

"Fast" Is Not "Real-Time": Designing Effective Real-Time AI Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Reilly, Cindy A.; Cromarty, Andrew S.

1985-04-01

Realistic practical problem domains (such as robotics, process control, and certain kinds of signal processing) stand to benefit greatly from the application of artificial intelligence techniques. These problem domains are of special interest because they are typified by complex dynamic environments in which the ability to select and initiate a proper response to environmental events in real time is a strict prerequisite to effective environmental interaction. Artificial intelligence systems developed to date have been sheltered from this real-time requirement, however, largely by virtue of their use of simplified problem domains or problem representations. The plethora of colloquial and (in general) mutually inconsistent interpretations of the term "real-time" employed by workers in each of these domains further exacerbates the difficul-ties in effectively applying state-of-the-art problem solving tech-niques to time-critical problems. Indeed, the intellectual waters are by now sufficiently muddied that the pursuit of a rigorous treatment of intelligent real-time performance mandates the redevelopment of proper problem perspective on what "real-time" means, starting from first principles. We present a simple but nonetheless formal definition of real-time performance. We then undertake an analysis of both conventional techniques and AI technology with respect to their ability to meet substantive real-time performance criteria. This analysis provides a basis for specification of problem-independent design requirements for systems that would claim real-time performance. Finally, we discuss the application of these design principles to a pragmatic problem in real-time signal understanding.

Spaceflight Flow Cytometry: Design Challenges and Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pappas, Dimitri; Kao, Shih-Hsin; Jeevarajan, Antony S.

2004-01-01

Future space exploration missions will require analytical technology capable of providing both autonomous medical care to the crew and investigative capabilities to researchers. While several promising candidate technologies exist for further development, flow cytometry is an attractive technology as it offers both crew health and a wide array of biochemistry and immunology assays. While flow cytometry has been widely used for cellular analysis in both clinical and research settings, the requirements for proper operation in spaceflight impose constraints on any instrument designs. The challenges of designing a spaceflight-ready flow cytometer are discussed, as well as some preliminary results using a prototype system.

Problems, pitfalls and probes: Welcome to the jungle of electrochemical noise technology

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Edgemon, G.L.

1998-02-19

The rise in electrochemical noise (EN) as a corrosion monitoring technique has resulted in unique problems associated with the field application of this method. Many issues relate to the design of the EN probe electrodes. The ability of an electrochemical noise monitoring system to identify and discriminate between localized corrosion mechanisms is related primarily to the capability of the probe to separate the corrosion cell anode from the corresponding cathode. Effectiveness of this separation is largely determined by the details of and the proper design of the probe that is in the environment of interest. No single probe design ormore » geometry can be effectively use in every situation to monitor all types of corrosion. In this paper the authors focus on a case study and probe development history related to monitoring corrosion in an extremely hostile environment using EN. While the ultimate application of EN was and continues to be successful, the case study shows that patience and persistence was necessary to meet and properly implement the monitoring program. Other possible source of problems and frustration with implementing EN are also discussed.« less

Biofiltration: Fundamentals, design and operations principles and applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swanson, W.J.; Loehr, R.C.

1997-06-01

Biofiltration is a biological air pollution control technology for volatile organic compounds (VOCs). This paper summarizes the fundamentals, design and operation, and application of the process. Biofiltration has been demonstrated to be an effective technology for VOCs from many industries. Large and full-scale systems are in use in Europe and the US. With proper design and operation, VOC removal efficiencies of 95--99% have been achieved. Important parameters for design and performance are empty-bed contact time, gas surface loading, mass loading, elimination capacity, and removal efficiency. Key design and operation factors include chemical and media properties, moisture, pH, temperature, nutrient availability,more » gas pretreatment, and variations in loading.« less

WASTE HANDLING BUILDING VENTILATION SYSTEM DESCRIPTION DOCUMENT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

P.A. Kumar

2000-06-21

The Waste Handling Building Ventilation System provides heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) for the contaminated, potentially contaminated, and uncontaminated areas of the Monitored Geologic Repository's (MGR) Waste Handling Building (WHB). In the uncontaminated areas, the non-confinement area ventilation system maintains the proper environmental conditions for equipment operation and personnel comfort. In the contaminated and potentially contaminated areas, in addition to maintaining the proper environmental conditions for equipment operation and personnel comfort, the contamination confinement area ventilation system directs potentially contaminated air away from personnel in the WHB and confines the contamination within high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filtration units. Themore » contamination confinement areas ventilation system creates airflow paths and pressure zones to minimize the potential for spreading contamination within the building. The contamination confinement ventilation system also protects the environment and the public by limiting airborne releases of radioactive or other hazardous contaminants from the WHB. The Waste Handling Building Ventilation System is designed to perform its safety functions under accident conditions and other Design Basis Events (DBEs) (such as earthquakes, tornadoes, fires, and loss of the primary electric power). Additional system design features (such as compartmentalization with independent subsystems) limit the potential for cross-contamination within the WHB. The system provides status of important system parameters and equipment operation, and provides audible and/or visual indication of off-normal conditions and equipment failures. The Waste Handling Building Ventilation System confines the radioactive and hazardous material within the building such that the release rates comply with regulatory limits. The system design, operations, and maintenance activities incorporate ALARA (as low as is reasonably achievable) principles to maintain personnel radiation doses to all occupational workers below regulatory limits and as low as is reasonably achievable. The Waste Handling Building Ventilation System interfaces with the Waste Handling Building System by being located within the WHB and by maintaining specific pressures, temperatures, and humidity within the building. The system also depends on the WHB for water supply. The system interfaces with the Site Radiological Monitoring System for continuous monitoring of the exhaust air; the Waste Handling Building Fire Protection System for detection of fire and smoke; the Waste Handling Building Electrical System for normal, emergency, and standby power; and the Monitored Geologic Repository Operations Monitoring and Control System for monitoring and control of the system.« less

National plan to enhance aviation safety through human factors improvements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foushee, Clay

1990-01-01

The purpose of this section of the plan is to establish a development and implementation strategy plan for improving safety and efficiency in the Air Traffic Control (ATC) system. These improvements will be achieved through the proper applications of human factors considerations to the present and future systems. The program will have four basic goals: (1) prepare for the future system through proper hiring and training; (2) develop a controller work station team concept (managing human errors); (3) understand and address the human factors implications of negative system results; and (4) define the proper division of responsibilities and interactions between the human and the machine in ATC systems. This plan addresses six program elements which together address the overall purpose. The six program elements are: (1) determine principles of human-centered automation that will enhance aviation safety and the efficiency of the air traffic controller; (2) provide new and/or enhanced methods and techniques to measure, assess, and improve human performance in the ATC environment; (3) determine system needs and methods for information transfer between and within controller teams and between controller teams and the cockpit; (4) determine how new controller work station technology can optimally be applied and integrated to enhance safety and efficiency; (5) assess training needs and develop improved techniques and strategies for selection, training, and evaluation of controllers; and (6) develop standards, methods, and procedures for the certification and validation of human engineering in the design, testing, and implementation of any hardware or software system element which affects information flow to or from the human.

Recommendations for research design of telehealth studies.

PubMed

Chumbler, Neale R; Kobb, Rita; Brennan, David M; Rabinowitz, Terry

2008-11-01

Properly designed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are the gold standard to use when examining the effectiveness of telehealth interventions on clinical outcomes. Some published telehealth studies have employed well-designed RCTs. However, such methods are not always feasible and practical in particular settings. This white paper addresses not only the need for properly designed RCTs, but also offers alternative research designs, such as quasi-experimental designs, and statistical techniques that can be employed to rigorously assess the effectiveness of telehealth studies. This paper further offers design and measurement recommendations aimed at and relevant to administrative decision-makers, policymakers, and practicing clinicians.

Architecting Systems for Human Space Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wocken, Gerald

2002-01-01

Human-system interactions have been largely overlooked in the traditional systems engineering process. Awareness of human factors (HF) has increased in the past few years, but the involvement of HF specialists is still often too little and too late. In systems involving long-duration human space flight, it is essential that the human component be properly considered in the initial architectural definition phase, as well as throughout the system design process. HF analysis must include not only the strengths and limitations of humans in general, but the variability between individuals and within an individual over time, and the dynamics of group interactions.

Design Methodology for Multi-Element High-Lift Systems on Subsonic Civil Transport Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pepper, R. S.; vanDam, C. P.

1996-01-01

The choice of a high-lift system is crucial in the preliminary design process of a subsonic civil transport aircraft. Its purpose is to increase the allowable aircraft weight or decrease the aircraft's wing area for a given takeoff and landing performance. However, the implementation of a high-lift system into a design must be done carefully, for it can improve the aerodynamic performance of an aircraft but may also drastically increase the aircraft empty weight. If designed properly, a high-lift system can improve the cost effectiveness of an aircraft by increasing the payload weight for a given takeoff and landing performance. This is why the design methodology for a high-lift system should incorporate aerodynamic performance, weight, and cost. The airframe industry has experienced rapid technological growth in recent years which has led to significant advances in high-lift systems. For this reason many existing design methodologies have become obsolete since they are based on outdated low Reynolds number wind-tunnel data and can no longer accurately predict the aerodynamic characteristics or weight of current multi-element wings. Therefore, a new design methodology has been created that reflects current aerodynamic, weight, and cost data and provides enough flexibility to allow incorporation of new data when it becomes available.

Application of the advanced engineering environment for optimization energy consumption in designed vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monica, Z.; Sękala, A.; Gwiazda, A.; Banaś, W.

2016-08-01

Nowadays a key issue is to reduce the energy consumption of road vehicles. In particular solution one could find different strategies of energy optimization. The most popular but not sophisticated is so called eco-driving. In this strategy emphasized is particular behavior of drivers. In more sophisticated solution behavior of drivers is supported by control system measuring driving parameters and suggesting proper operation of the driver. The other strategy is concerned with application of different engineering solutions that aid optimization the process of energy consumption. Such systems take into consideration different parameters measured in real time and next take proper action according to procedures loaded to the control computer of a vehicle. The third strategy bases on optimization of the designed vehicle taking into account especially main sub-systems of a technical mean. In this approach the optimal level of energy consumption by a vehicle is obtained by synergetic results of individual optimization of particular constructional sub-systems of a vehicle. It is possible to distinguish three main sub-systems: the structural one the drive one and the control one. In the case of the structural sub-system optimization of the energy consumption level is related with the optimization or the weight parameter and optimization the aerodynamic parameter. The result is optimized body of a vehicle. Regarding the drive sub-system the optimization of the energy consumption level is related with the fuel or power consumption using the previously elaborated physical models. Finally the optimization of the control sub-system consists in determining optimal control parameters.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-15

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. The Marshall Space Flight Centerr (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama began to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models were used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup was to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability provided general visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The X-34 program was cancelled in 2001.

Around Marshall

NASA Image and Video Library

1993-09-15

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama began to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models were used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup was to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability providedgeneral visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The X-34 program was cancelled in 2001.

Marshall Engineers Use Virtual Reality

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. Marshall Spce Flight Center (MSFC) is begirning to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models are used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup is to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability provides general visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC).

Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. Marshall SPace Flight Center (MSFC) is begirning to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models are used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup is to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability provides general visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC).

ComputerApplications and Virtual Environments (CAVE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. The Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama began to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models were used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup was to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability providedgeneral visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The X-34 program was cancelled in 2001.

ComputerApplications and Virtual Environments (CAVE)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Virtual Reality (VR) can provide cost effective methods to design and evaluate components and systems for maintenance and refurbishment operations. The Marshall Space Flight Centerr (MSFC) in Huntsville, Alabama began to utilize VR for design analysis in the X-34 experimental reusable space vehicle. Analysts at MSFC's Computer Applications and Virtual Environments (CAVE) used Head Mounted Displays (HMD) (pictured), spatial trackers and gesture inputs as a means to animate or inhabit a properly sized virtual human model. These models were used in a VR scenario as a way to determine functionality of space and maintenance requirements for the virtual X-34. The primary functions of the virtual X-34 mockup was to support operations development and design analysis for engine removal, the engine compartment and the aft fuselage. This capability provided general visualization support to engineers and designers at MSFC and to the System Design Freeze Review at Orbital Sciences Corporation (OSC). The X-34 program was cancelled in 2001.

The Attitude Control System for the Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Markley, F. Landis; Andrews, Stephen F.; ODonnell, James R., Jr.; Ward, David K.

2003-01-01

The Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe mission produces a map of the cosmic microwave background radiation over the entire celestial sphere by executing a fast spin and a slow precession of its spin axis about the Sun line to obtain a highly interconnected set of measurements. The spacecraft attitude is sensed and controlled using an inertial reference unit, two star trackers, a digital sun sensor, twelve coarse sun sensors, three reaction wheel assemblies, and a propulsion system. Sufficient attitude knowledge is provided to yield instrument pointing to a standard deviation (l sigma) of 1.3 arc-minutes per axis. In addition, the spacecraft acquires and holds the sunline at initial acquisition and in the event of a failure, and slews to the proper orbit adjust orientations and to the proper off-sunline attitude to start the compound spin. This paper presents an overview of the design of the attitude control system to carry out this mission and presents some early flight experience.

Attitude Heading Reference System Using MEMS Inertial Sensors with Dual-Axis Rotation

PubMed Central

Kang, Li; Ye, Lingyun; Song, Kaichen; Zhou, Yang

2014-01-01

This paper proposes a low cost and small size attitude and heading reference system based on MEMS inertial sensors. A dual-axis rotation structure with a proper rotary scheme according to the design principles is applied in the system to compensate for the attitude and heading drift caused by the large gyroscope biases. An optimization algorithm is applied to compensate for the installation angle error between the body frame and the rotation table's frame. Simulations and experiments are carried out to evaluate the performance of the AHRS. The results show that the proper rotation could significantly reduce the attitude and heading drifts. Moreover, the new AHRS is not affected by magnetic interference. After the rotation, the attitude and heading are almost just oscillating in a range. The attitude error is about 3° and the heading error is less than 3° which are at least 5 times better than the non-rotation condition. PMID:25268911

Sealing in Turbomachinery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chupp, Raymond E.; Hendricks, Robert C.; Lattime, Scott B.; Steinetz, Bruce M.

2006-01-01

Clearance control is of paramount importance to turbomachinery designers and is required to meet today's aggressive power output, efficiency, and operational life goals. Excessive clearances lead to losses in cycle efficiency, flow instabilities, and hot gas ingestion into disk cavities. Insufficient clearances limit coolant flows and cause interface rubbing, overheating downstream components and damaging interfaces, thus limiting component life. Designers have put renewed attention on clearance control, as it is often the most cost effective method to enhance system performance. Advanced concepts and proper material selection continue to play important roles in maintaining interface clearances to enable the system to meet design goals. This work presents an overview of turbomachinery sealing to control clearances. Areas covered include: characteristics of gas and steam turbine sealing applications and environments, benefits of sealing, types of standard static and dynamics seals, advanced seal designs, as well as life and limitations issues.

Benefits of Application of Advanced Technologies for a Neptune Orbiter, Atmospheric Probes and Triton Lander

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Somers, Alan; Celano, Luigi; Kauffman, Jeffrey; Rogers, Laura; Peterson, Craig

2005-01-01

Missions with planned launch dates several years from today pose significant design challenges in properly accounting for technology advances that may occur in the time leading up to actual spacecraft design, build, test and launch. Conceptual mission and spacecraft designs that rely solely on off the shelf technology will result in conservative estimates that may not be attractive or truly representative of the mission as it actually will be designed and built. This past summer, as part of one of NASA s Vision Mission Studies, a group of students at the Laboratory for Spacecraft and Mission Design (LSMD) have developed and analyzed different Neptune mission baselines, and determined the benefits of various assumed technology improvements. The baseline mission uses either a chemical propulsion system or a solar-electric system. Insertion into orbit around Neptune is achieved by means of aerocapture. Neptune s large moon Triton is used as a tour engine. With these technologies a comprehensive Cassini-class investigation of the Neptune system is possible. Technologies under investigation include the aerocapture heat shield and thermal protection system, both chemical and solar electric propulsion systems, spacecraft power, and energy storage systems.

Instrumentation, control, and automation for submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactors.

PubMed

Robles, Ángel; Durán, Freddy; Ruano, María Victoria; Ribes, Josep; Rosado, Alfredo; Seco, Aurora; Ferrer, José

2015-01-01

A submerged anaerobic membrane bioreactor (AnMBR) demonstration plant with two commercial hollow-fibre ultrafiltration systems (PURON®, Koch Membrane Systems, PUR-PSH31) was designed and operated for urban wastewater treatment. An instrumentation, control, and automation (ICA) system was designed and implemented for proper process performance. Several single-input-single-output (SISO) feedback control loops based on conventional on-off and PID algorithms were implemented to control the following operating variables: flow-rates (influent, permeate, sludge recycling and wasting, and recycled biogas through both reactor and membrane tanks), sludge wasting volume, temperature, transmembrane pressure, and gas sparging. The proposed ICA for AnMBRs for urban wastewater treatment enables the optimization of this new technology to be achieved with a high level of process robustness towards disturbances.

Strategy Guideline: HVAC Equipment Sizing

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burdick, A.

The heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system is arguably the most complex system installed in a house and is a substantial component of the total house energy use. A right-sized HVAC system will provide the desired occupant comfort and will run efficiently. This Strategy Guideline discusses the information needed to initially select the equipment for a properly designed HVAC system. Right-sizing of an HVAC system involves the selection of equipment and the design of the air distribution system to meet the accurate predicted heating and cooling loads of the house. Right-sizing the HVAC system begins with an accurate understandingmore » of the heating and cooling loads on a space; however, a full HVAC design involves more than just the load estimate calculation - the load calculation is the first step of the iterative HVAC design procedure. This guide describes the equipment selection of a split system air conditioner and furnace for an example house in Chicago, IL as well as a heat pump system for an example house in Orlando, Florida. The required heating and cooling load information for the two example houses was developed in the Department of Energy Building America Strategy Guideline: Accurate Heating and Cooling Load Calculations.« less

Full optical model of micro-endoscope with optical coherence microscopy, multiphoton microscopy and visible capabilities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vega, David; Kiekens, Kelli C.; Syson, Nikolas C.; Romano, Gabriella; Baker, Tressa; Barton, Jennifer K.

2018-02-01

While Optical Coherence Microscopy (OCM), Multiphoton Microscopy (MPM), and narrowband imaging are powerful imaging techniques that can be used to detect cancer, each imaging technique has limitations when used by itself. Combining them into an endoscope to work in synergy can help achieve high sensitivity and specificity for diagnosis at the point of care. Such complex endoscopes have an elevated risk of failure, and performing proper modelling ensures functionality and minimizes risk. We present full 2D and 3D models of a multimodality optical micro-endoscope to provide real-time detection of carcinomas, called a salpingoscope. The models evaluate the endoscope illumination and light collection capabilities of various modalities. The design features two optical paths with different numerical apertures (NA) through a single lens system with a scanning optical fiber. The dual path is achieved using dichroic coatings embedded in a triplet. A high NA optical path is designed to perform OCM and MPM while a low NA optical path is designed for the visible spectrum to navigate the endoscope to areas of interest and narrowband imaging. Different tests such as the reflectance profile of homogeneous epithelial tissue were performed to adjust the models properly. Light collection models for the different modalities were created and tested for efficiency. While it is challenging to evaluate the efficiency of multimodality endoscopes, the models ensure that the system is design for the expected light collection levels to provide detectable signal to work for the intended imaging.

Multi-objective/loading optimization for rotating composite flexbeams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hamilton, Brian K.; Peters, James R.

1989-01-01

With the evolution of advanced composites, the feasibility of designing bearingless rotor systems for high speed, demanding maneuver envelopes, and high aircraft gross weights has become a reality. These systems eliminate the need for hinges and heavily loaded bearings by incorporating a composite flexbeam structure which accommodates flapping, lead-lag, and feathering motions by bending and twisting while reacting full blade centrifugal force. The flight characteristics of a bearingless rotor system are largely dependent on hub design, and the principal element in this type of system is the composite flexbeam. As in any hub design, trade off studies must be performed in order to optimize performance, dynamics (stability), handling qualities, and stresses. However, since the flexbeam structure is the primary component which will determine the balance of these characteristics, its design and fabrication are not straightforward. It was concluded that: pitchcase and snubber damper representations are required in the flexbeam model for proper sizing resulting from dynamic requirements; optimization is necessary for flexbeam design, since it reduces the design iteration time and results in an improved design; and inclusion of multiple flight conditions and their corresponding fatigue allowables is necessary for the optimization procedure.

Conceptual Spaces of the Immune System.

PubMed

Fierz, Walter

2016-01-01

The immune system can be looked at as a cognitive system. This is often done in analogy to the neuro-psychological system. Here, it is demonstrated that the cognitive functions of the immune system can be properly described within a new theory of cognitive science. Gärdenfors' geometrical framework of conceptual spaces is applied to immune cognition. Basic notions, like quality dimensions, natural properties and concepts, similarities, prototypes, saliences, etc., are related to cognitive phenomena of the immune system. Constraints derived from treating the immune system within a cognitive theory, like Gärdenfors' conceptual spaces, might well prove to be instrumental for the design of vaccines, immunological diagnostic tests, and immunotherapy.

Impact of Fire Ventilation on General Ventilation in the Building

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zender-Świercz, Ewa; Telejko, Marek

2017-10-01

The fire of building is a threat to its users. The biggest threat is generation, during lifetime of fire, hot gases and smoke. The purpose of quick and efficient evacuation from the area covered by the fire, at first step the escape routes have to be secured from smokiness. The smoke ventilation systems are used for this purpose. The proper design and execution of smoke ventilation is important not only because of the safety, but also of the maintenance of comfort in the building at a time when there is no fire. The manuscript presents the effect of incorrectly realized smoke ventilation in the stairwell of the medium building. The analysis shows that the flaps of smoke ventilation located in the stairwell may have a significant impact on the proper functioning of mechanical ventilation in the period when there is no fire. The improperly installed or incorrect insulated components cause perturbation of air flow and they change pressure distribution in the building. The conclusion of the analysis is the need to include the entire technical equipment of the building during the design and realization of its individual elements. The impact of various installations at each other is very important, and the omission of any of them can cause disturbances in the proper work of another.

Assurance Policy Evaluation - Spacecraft and Strategic Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-17

electromechanical (EEE) parts, software, design and workmanship, work instructions, manufacturing and tooling, cleanrooms, electrostatic discharge ...T9001B.  An external group, called the Evaluation and Assessment Team, made up of product assurance subject matter experts from NSWC Corona performs...NSWC, Corona and SSP Technical Branch(es). The FTPE, performed every 3 years, is an objective evaluation of facility performance to assure proper

Skylab

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-07-26

In this photograph, a skylab-4 astronaut performs Extra Vehicular Activities (EVA) outside of the lab. The third crew (Skylab-4) spent 84 days in the orbiting laboratory. The solar observatory was designed for full exposure to the Sun throughout most of the Skylab mission. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission.

Skylab

NASA Image and Video Library

1974-01-01

This photograph was taken as the third crew (Skylab-4) departed the space station. The solar observatory was designed for full exposure to the Sun throughout most of the Skylab mission. Solar energy was transformed into electrical power for operation of all spacecraft systems. The proper operation of these solar arrays was vital to the mission. This Skylab in orbit view was taken by the Skylab-4 crew.

Polarization characteristics of an altazimuth sky scanner

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garrison, L. M.; Blaszczak, Z.; Green, A. E. S.

1980-01-01

A theoretical description of the polarization characteristics of an altazimuth sky scanner optical system based on Mueller-Stokes calculus is presented. This computer-driven optical system was designed to perform laboratory studies of skylight and of celestial objects during day or night, and has no space limitations; however, the two parallel 45 deg tilt mirrors introduce some intrinsic polarization. Therefore, proper data interpretation requires a theoretical understanding of the polarization features of the instrument and accurate experimental determination of the Mueller-Stokes matrix elements describing the polarizing and depolarizing action of the system.

Data Management System (DMS) Evolution Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Douglas, Katherine

1990-01-01

The all encompassing goal for the Data Management System (DMS) Evolution Analysis task is to develop an advocacy for ensuring that growth and technology insertion issues are properly and adequately addressed during DMS requirements specification, design, and development. The most efficient methods of addressing those issues are via planned and graceful evolution, technology transparency, and system growth margins. It is necessary that provisions, such as those previously mentioned, are made to accommodate advanced missions requirements (e.g., Human Space Exploration Programs) in addition to evolving Space Station Freedom operations and user requirements .

Voice technology and BBN

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolf, Jared J.

1977-01-01

The following research was discussed: (1) speech signal processing; (2) automatic speech recognition; (3) continuous speech understanding; (4) speaker recognition; (5) speech compression; (6) subjective and objective evaluation of speech communication system; (7) measurement of the intelligibility and quality of speech when degraded by noise or other masking stimuli; (8) speech synthesis; (9) instructional aids for second-language learning and for training of the deaf; and (10) investigation of speech correlates of psychological stress. Experimental psychology, control systems, and human factors engineering, which are often relevant to the proper design and operation of speech systems are described.

Packaging - Materials review

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Herrmann, Matthias

2014-06-16

Nowadays, a large number of different electrochemical energy storage systems are known. In the last two decades the development was strongly driven by a continuously growing market of portable electronic devices (e.g. cellular phones, lap top computers, camcorders, cameras, tools). Current intensive efforts are under way to develop systems for automotive industry within the framework of electrically propelled mobility (e.g. hybrid electric vehicles, plug-in hybrid electric vehicles, full electric vehicles) and also for the energy storage market (e.g. electrical grid stability, renewable energies). Besides the different systems (cell chemistries), electrochemical cells and batteries were developed and are offered in manymore » shapes, sizes and designs, in order to meet performance and design requirements of the widespread applications. Proper packaging is thereby one important technological step for designing optimum, reliable and safe batteries for operation. In this contribution, current packaging approaches of cells and batteries together with the corresponding materials are discussed. The focus is laid on rechargeable systems for industrial applications (i.e. alkaline systems, lithium-ion, lead-acid). In principle, four different cell types (shapes) can be identified - button, cylindrical, prismatic and pouch. Cell size can be either in accordance with international (e.g. International Electrotechnical Commission, IEC) or other standards or can meet application-specific dimensions. Since cell housing or container, terminals and, if necessary, safety installations as inactive (non-reactive) materials reduce energy density of the battery, the development of low-weight packages is a challenging task. In addition to that, other requirements have to be fulfilled: mechanical stability and durability, sealing (e.g. high permeation barrier against humidity for lithium-ion technology), high packing efficiency, possible installation of safety devices (current interrupt device, valve, etc.), chemical inertness, cost issues, and others. Finally, proper cell design has to be considered for effective thermal management (i.e. cooling and heating) of battery packs.« less

The research of conformal optical design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Lin; Li, Yan; Huang, Yi-fan; Du, Bao-lin

2009-07-01

Conformal optical domes are characterized as having external more elongated optical surfaces that are optimized to minimize drag, increased missile velocity and extended operational range. The outer surface of the conformal domes typically deviate greatly from spherical surface descriptions, so the inherent asymmetry of conformal surfaces leads to variations in the aberration content presented to the optical sensor as it is gimbaled across the field of regard, which degrades the sensor's ability to properly image targets of interest and then undermine the overall system performance. Consequently, the aerodynamic advantages of conformal domes cannot be realized in practical systems unless the dynamic aberration correction techniques are developed to restore adequate optical imaging capabilities. Up to now, many optical correction solutions have been researched in conformal optical design, including static aberrations corrections and dynamic aberrations corrections. There are three parts in this paper. Firstly, the combination of static and dynamic aberration correction is introduced. A system for correcting optical aberration created by a conformal dome has an outer surface and an inner surface. The optimization of the inner surface is regard as the static aberration correction; moreover, a deformable mirror is placed at the position of the secondary mirror in the two-mirror all reflective imaging system, which is the dynamic aberration correction. Secondly, the using of appropriate surface types is very important in conformal dome design. Better performing optical systems can result from surface types with adequate degrees of freedom to describe the proper corrector shape. Two surface types and the methods of using them are described, including Zernike polynomial surfaces used in correct elements and user-defined surfaces used in deformable mirror (DM). Finally, the Adaptive optics (AO) correction is presented. In order to correct the dynamical residual aberration in conformal optical design, the SPGD optimization algorithm is operated at each zoom position to calculate the optimized surface shape of the MEMS DM. The communication between MATLAB and Code V established via ActiveX technique is applied in simulation analysis.

Safety Aspects of Big Cryogenic Systems Design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chorowski, M.; Fydrych, J.; Poliński, J.

2010-04-01

Superconductivity and helium cryogenics are key technologies in the construction of large scientific instruments, like accelerators, fusion reactors or free electron lasers. Such cryogenic systems may contain more than hundred tons of helium, mostly in cold and high-density phases. In spite of the high reliability of the systems, accidental loss of the insulation vacuum, pipe rupture or rapid energy dissipation in the cold helium can not be overlooked. To avoid the danger of over-design pressure rise in the cryostats, they need to be equipped with a helium relief system. Such a system is comprised of safety valves, bursting disks and optionally cold or warm quench lines, collectors and storage tanks. Proper design of the helium safety relief system requires a good understanding of worst case scenarios. Such scenarios will be discussed, taking into account different possible failures of the cryogenic system. In any case it is necessary to estimate heat transfer through degraded vacuum superinsulation and mass flow through the valves and safety disks. Even if the design of the helium relief system does not foresee direct helium venting into the environment, an occasional emergency helium spill may happen. Helium propagation in the atmosphere and the origins of oxygen-deficiency hazards will be discussed.

Scheduling Independent Partitions in Integrated Modular Avionics Systems

PubMed Central

Du, Chenglie; Han, Pengcheng

2016-01-01

Recently the integrated modular avionics (IMA) architecture has been widely adopted by the avionics industry due to its strong partition mechanism. Although the IMA architecture can achieve effective cost reduction and reliability enhancement in the development of avionics systems, it results in a complex allocation and scheduling problem. All partitions in an IMA system should be integrated together according to a proper schedule such that their deadlines will be met even under the worst case situations. In order to help provide a proper scheduling table for all partitions in IMA systems, we study the schedulability of independent partitions on a multiprocessor platform in this paper. We firstly present an exact formulation to calculate the maximum scaling factor and determine whether all partitions are schedulable on a limited number of processors. Then with a Game Theory analogy, we design an approximation algorithm to solve the scheduling problem of partitions, by allowing each partition to optimize its own schedule according to the allocations of the others. Finally, simulation experiments are conducted to show the efficiency and reliability of the approach proposed in terms of time consumption and acceptance ratio. PMID:27942013

IGDS/TRAP Interface Program (ITIP). Software User Manual (SUM). [network flow diagrams for coal gasification studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jefferys, S.; Johnson, W.; Lewis, R.; Rich, R.

1981-01-01

This specification establishes the requirements, concepts, and preliminary design for a set of software known as the IGDS/TRAP Interface Program (ITIP). This software provides the capability to develop at an Interactive Graphics Design System (IGDS) design station process flow diagrams for use by the NASA Coal Gasification Task Team. In addition, ITIP will use the Data Management and Retrieval System (DMRS) to maintain a data base from which a properly formatted input file to the Time-Line and Resources Analysis Program (TRAP) can be extracted. This set of software will reside on the PDP-11/70 and will become the primary interface between the Coal Gasification Task Team and IGDS, DMRS, and TRAP. The user manual for the computer program is presented.

Structural Analysis Using Computer Based Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietz, Matthew R.

2013-01-01

The stiffness of a flex hose that will be used in the umbilical arms of the Space Launch Systems mobile launcher needed to be determined in order to properly qualify ground umbilical plate behavior during vehicle separation post T-0. This data is also necessary to properly size and design the motors used to retract the umbilical arms. Therefore an experiment was created to determine the stiffness of the hose. Before the test apparatus for the experiment could be built, the structure had to be analyzed to ensure it would not fail under given loading conditions. The design model was imported into the analysis software and optimized to decrease runtime while still providing accurate restlts and allow for seamless meshing. Areas exceeding the allowable stresses in the structure were located and modified before submitting the design for fabrication. In addition, a mock up of a deep space habitat and the support frame was designed and needed to be analyzed for structural integrity under different loading conditions. The load cases were provided by the customer and were applied to the structure after optimizing the geometry. Once again, weak points in the structure were located and recommended design changes were made to the customer and the process was repeated until the load conditions were met without exceeding the allowable stresses. After the stresses met the required factors of safety the designs were released for fabrication.

Power quality considerations for nuclear spectroscopy applications: Grounding

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García-Hernández, J. M.; Ramírez-Jiménez, F. J.; Mondragón-Contreras, L.; López-Callejas, R.; Torres-Bribiesca, M. A.; Peña-Eguiluz, R.

2013-11-01

Traditionally the electrical installations are designed for supplying power and to assure the personnel safety. In nuclear analysis laboratories, additional issues about grounding also must be considered for proper operation of high resolution nuclear spectroscopy systems. This paper shows the traditional ways of grounding nuclear spectroscopy systems and through different scenarios, it shows the effects on the more sensitive parameter of these systems: the energy resolution, it also proposes the constant monitoring of a power quality parameter as a way to preserve or to improve the resolution of the systems, avoiding the influence of excessive extrinsic noise.

Berberine cation: A fluorescent chemosensor for alkanes and other low-polarity compounds. An explanation of this phenomenon

PubMed

Cossio; Arrieta; Cebolla; Membrado; Vela; Garriga; Domingo

2000-07-27

Alkanes in the presence of berberine sulfate provide an enhancement of fluorescent signal, which depends on alkane concentration and structure, when the system is irradiated with monochromatic UV light. Computational analysis suggests that an ion-induced dipole between alkanes and berberine sulfate is responsible for this phenomenon. This interaction can properly model the experimentally obtained fluorescent response. The proposed explanation allows other interacting systems to be designed, which have been experimentally confirmed.

Space Station Freedom food management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitehurst, Troy N., Jr.; Bourland, Charles T.

1992-01-01

This paper summarizes the specification requirements for the Space Station Food System, and describes the system that is being designed and developed to meet those requirements. Space Station Freedom will provide a mix of frozen, refrigerated, rehydratable, and shelf stable foods. The crew will pre-select preferred foods from an approved list, to the extent that proper nutrition balance is maintained. A galley with freezers, refrigerators, trash compactor, and combination microwave and convection ovens will improve crew efficiency and productivity during the long Space Station Freedom (SSF) missions.

SIMULATION AND VISUALIZATION OF FLOW PATTERN IN MICROARRAYS FOR LIQUID PHASE OLIGONUCLEOTIDE AND PEPTIDE SYNTHESIS

PubMed Central

O-Charoen, Sirimon; Srivannavit, Onnop; Gulari, Erdogan

2008-01-01

Microfluidic microarrays have been developed for economical and rapid parallel synthesis of oligonucleotide and peptide libraries. For a synthesis system to be reproducible and uniform, it is crucial to have a uniform reagent delivery throughout the system. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is used to model and simulate the microfluidic microarrays to study geometrical effects on flow patterns. By proper design geometry, flow uniformity could be obtained in every microreactor in the microarrays. PMID:17480053

Interactions measurement payload for Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guidice, D. A.; Pike, C. P.

1985-01-01

The Interactions Measurement Payload for Shuttle (IMPS) consisted of engineering experiments to determine the effects of the space environment on projected Air Force space systems. Measurements by IMPS on a polar-orbit Shuttle flight will lead to detailed knowledge of the interaction of the low-altitude polar-auroral environment on materials, equipment and technologies to be used in future large, high-power space systems. The results from the IMPS measurements will provide direct input to MIL-STD design guidelines and test standards that properly account for space-environment effects.

On Idiosyncratic Systems. Part I. Idiosyncratic Systems. Part II. On Being Creative with Computer Aided Design.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-03-31

the machine properly infer his graphical intentions. The graphics are presumed to be a mixture of projective geometry ( the inter- H section of planes ...conditions lecture to the Societe de Psychologie in Paris most conducive ; nor for the psychological explana— (quoted in Ghiselin [17]) Henri Poincare ...information pro- more wit h frustration than accomplishment. His air vided , the individual will attempt to fi;;d a new planes , submar ines and d i v e r t

Designing a SCADA system simulator for fast breeder reactor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nugraha, E.; Abdullah, A. G.; Hakim, D. L.

2016-04-01

SCADA (Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition) system simulator is a Human Machine Interface-based software that is able to visualize the process of a plant. This study describes the results of the process of designing a SCADA system simulator that aims to facilitate the operator in monitoring, controlling, handling the alarm, accessing historical data and historical trend in Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) type Fast Breeder Reactor (FBR). This research used simulation to simulate NPP type FBR Kalpakkam in India. This simulator was developed using Wonderware Intouch software 10 and is equipped with main menu, plant overview, area graphics, control display, set point display, alarm system, real-time trending, historical trending and security system. This simulator can properly simulate the principle of energy flow and energy conversion process on NPP type FBR. This SCADA system simulator can be used as training media for NPP type FBR prospective operators.

Wind Farm Flow Modeling using an Input-Output Reduced-Order Model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Annoni, Jennifer; Gebraad, Pieter; Seiler, Peter

Wind turbines in a wind farm operate individually to maximize their own power regardless of the impact of aerodynamic interactions on neighboring turbines. There is the potential to increase power and reduce overall structural loads by properly coordinating turbines. To perform control design and analysis, a model needs to be of low computational cost, but retains the necessary dynamics seen in high-fidelity models. The objective of this work is to obtain a reduced-order model that represents the full-order flow computed using a high-fidelity model. A variety of methods, including proper orthogonal decomposition and dynamic mode decomposition, can be used tomore » extract the dominant flow structures and obtain a reduced-order model. In this paper, we combine proper orthogonal decomposition with a system identification technique to produce an input-output reduced-order model. This technique is used to construct a reduced-order model of the flow within a two-turbine array computed using a large-eddy simulation.« less

Organism and artifact: Proper functions in Paley organisms.

PubMed

Holm, Sune

2013-12-01

In this paper I assess the explanatory powers of theories of function in the context of products that may result from synthetic biology. The aim is not to develop a new theory of functions, but to assess existing theories of function in relation to a new kind of biological and artifactual entity that might be produced in the not-too-distant future by means of synthetic biology. The paper thus investigates how to conceive of the functional nature of living systems that are not the result of evolution by natural selection, or instantly generated by cosmic coincidence, but which are products of intelligent design. The paper argues that the aetiological theory of proper functions in organisms and artifacts is inadequate as an account of proper functions in such 'Paley organisms' and defends an alternative organisational approach. The paper ends by considering the implications of the discussion of biological function for questions about the interests and moral status of non-sentient organisms. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

STS-61 crew utilizing Virtual Reality in training for HST repair mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

Astronaut Jeffrey A. Hoffman, one of four crewmembers for STS-61 that will conduct scheduled spacewalks during the flight, wears a special helmet and gloves designed to assist in proper positioning near the telescope while on the end of the robot arm. Crewmembers are utilizing a new virtual reality training aid which assists in refining positioning patterns for Space Shuttle Endeavour's Remote Manipulator System (RMS) (36890); Astronaut Claude Nicollier looks at a computer display of the Shuttle's robot arm movements as Thomas D. Akers and Kathryn C. Thornton, mission specialists look on. Nicollier will be responsible for maneuvering the astronauts while they stand in a foot restraint on the end of the RMS arm (36891,36894); Hoffman wears a special helmet and gloves designed to assist in proper positioning near the telescope while on the end of the robot arm (35892); Nicollier looks at a computer display of the Shuttle's robot arm movements as Akers looks on (36893); While (l-r) Astron

Easy method of matching fighter engine to airframe for use in aircraft engine design courses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mattingly, J.D.

1989-01-01

The proper match of the engine(s) to the airframe affects both aircraft size and life cycle cost. A fast and straightforward method is developed and used for the matching of fighter engine(s) to airframes during conceptual design. A thrust-lapse equation is developed for the dual-spool, mixed-flow, afterburning turbofan type of engine based on the installation losses of 'Aircraft Engine Design' and the performance predictions of the cycle analysis programs ONX and OFFX. Using system performance requirements, the effects of aircraft thrust-to-weight, wing loading, and engine cycle on takeoff weight are analyzed and example design course results presented. 5 refs.

High speed systems for time-resolved experiments with synchrotron radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koziol, Anna; Maj, Piotr

2018-02-01

The UFXC32k is a single photon counting hybrid pixel detector with 75 μm pixel pitch. It was designed to cope with high X-ray intensities and therefore it is a very good candiate for synchrotron applications. In order to use this detector in an application, a dedicated setup must be designed and built allowing proper operation of the detector within the experiment. The paper presents two setups built for the purpose of Pump-Probe-Probe experiments at the Synchrotron SOLEIL and XPCS experiments at the APS.

Design and evaluation of an electrohydraulic servoactuator using active standby redundancy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, R. L.; Cover, W. E.

1972-01-01

The application is described of active standby redundancy techniques to a large electrohydraulic servoactuator. The advantages and limitations of active standby redundancy are identified. Special areas of investigation during the development test phase of the program were the evaluation of output transients as a function of channel switching and the nuisance switching characteristics of the system. The feasibility of constructing large electrohydraulic servoactuators using active standby redundancy was successfully demonstrated. In particular the stability and predictability of a properly designed hydromechanical failure detector was demonstrated.

Modelling operations and security of cloud systems using Z-notation and Chinese Wall security policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Basu, Srijita; Sengupta, Anirban; Mazumdar, Chandan

2016-11-01

Enterprises are increasingly using cloud computing for hosting their applications. Availability of fast Internet and cheap bandwidth are causing greater number of people to use cloud-based services. This has the advantage of lower cost and minimum maintenance. However, ensuring security of user data and proper management of cloud infrastructure remain major areas of concern. Existing techniques are either too complex, or fail to properly represent the actual cloud scenario. This article presents a formal cloud model using the constructs of Z-notation. Principles of the Chinese Wall security policy have been applied to design secure cloud-specific operations. The proposed methodology will enable users to safely host their services, as well as process sensitive data, on cloud.

Robust stability of second-order systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chuang, C.-H.

1995-01-01

It has been shown recently how virtual passive controllers can be designed for second-order dynamic systems to achieve robust stability. The virtual controllers were visualized as systems made up of spring, mass and damping elements. In this paper, a new approach emphasizing on the notion of positive realness to the same second-order dynamic systems is used. Necessary and sufficient conditions for positive realness are presented for scalar spring-mass-dashpot systems. For multi-input multi-output systems, we show how a mass-spring-dashpot system can be made positive real by properly choosing its output variables. In particular, sufficient conditions are shown for the system without output velocity. Furthermore, if velocity cannot be measured then the system parameters must be precise to keep the system positive real. In practice, system parameters are not always constant and cannot be measured precisely. Therefore, in order to be useful positive real systems must be robust to some degrees. This can be achieved with the design presented in this paper.

Numerical simulation of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saha, Nripen K.

1993-08-01

Numerical simulation of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection are addressed. The vehicle crashworthiness design objectives are to design the vehicle structure for optimum impact energy absorption, and to design the restraint system (seatbelts, airbags, bolsters, etc.) for optimum occupant protection. The following approaches are taken; a major part of the impact energy is to be absorbed by the vehicle structure; the restraint components will provide protection against the remaining crash energy; certain vehicle components are designed to deform under specific types and speeds of impact in a desired mode for sound energy management; structural components such as front side rails, rear rails, door structure and pillars undergo large amounts of deformation; and with properly designed geometry and material these components assist in mitigating the effects of impact.

Numerical simulation of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Saha, Nripen K.

1993-01-01

Numerical simulation of vehicle crashworthiness and occupant protection are addressed. The vehicle crashworthiness design objectives are to design the vehicle structure for optimum impact energy absorption, and to design the restraint system (seatbelts, airbags, bolsters, etc.) for optimum occupant protection. The following approaches are taken; a major part of the impact energy is to be absorbed by the vehicle structure; the restraint components will provide protection against the remaining crash energy; certain vehicle components are designed to deform under specific types and speeds of impact in a desired mode for sound energy management; structural components such as front side rails, rear rails, door structure and pillars undergo large amounts of deformation; and with properly designed geometry and material these components assist in mitigating the effects of impact.

Study/experimental/research design: much more than statistics.

PubMed

Knight, Kenneth L

2010-01-01

The purpose of study, experimental, or research design in scientific manuscripts has changed significantly over the years. It has evolved from an explanation of the design of the experiment (ie, data gathering or acquisition) to an explanation of the statistical analysis. This practice makes "Methods" sections hard to read and understand. To clarify the difference between study design and statistical analysis, to show the advantages of a properly written study design on article comprehension, and to encourage authors to correctly describe study designs. The role of study design is explored from the introduction of the concept by Fisher through modern-day scientists and the AMA Manual of Style. At one time, when experiments were simpler, the study design and statistical design were identical or very similar. With the complex research that is common today, which often includes manipulating variables to create new variables and the multiple (and different) analyses of a single data set, data collection is very different than statistical design. Thus, both a study design and a statistical design are necessary. Scientific manuscripts will be much easier to read and comprehend. A proper experimental design serves as a road map to the study methods, helping readers to understand more clearly how the data were obtained and, therefore, assisting them in properly analyzing the results.

Man-systems requirements for the control of teleoperators in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shields, Nicholas L., Jr.

1988-01-01

The microgravity of the space environment has profound effects on humans and, consequently, on the design requirements for subsystems and components with which humans interact. There are changes in the anthropometry, vision, the perception of orientation, posture, and the ways in which we exert energy. The design requirements for proper human engineering must reflect each of the changes that results, and this is especially true in the exercise of control over remote and teleoperated systems where the operator is removed from any direct sense of control. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration has recently completed the first NASA-wide human factors standard for microgravity. The Man-Systems Integration Standard, NASA-STD-3000, contains considerable information on the appropriate design criteria for microgravity, and there is information that is useful in the design for teleoperated systems. There is not, however, a dedicated collection of data which pertains directly to the special cases of remote and robotic operations. The design considerations for human-system interaction in the control of remote systems in space are discussed, with brief details on the information to be found in the NASA-STD-3000, and arguments for a dedicated section within the Standard which deals with robotic, teleoperated and remote systems and the design requirements for effective human control of these systems in the space environment, and from the space environment.

Design and Test of an Improved Crashworthiness Small Composite Airframe

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Terry, James E.; Hooper, Steven J.; Nicholson, Mark

2002-01-01

The purpose of this small business innovative research (SBIR) program was to evaluate the feasibility of developing small composite airplanes with improved crashworthiness. A combination of analysis and half scale component tests were used to develop an energy absorbing airframe. Four full scale crash tests were conducted at the NASA Impact Dynamics Research Facility, two on a hard surface and two onto soft soil, replicating earlier NASA tests of production general aviation airplanes. Several seat designs and restraint systems including both an air bag and load limiting shoulder harnesses were tested. Tests showed that occupant loads were within survivable limits with the improved structural design and the proper combination of seats and restraint systems. There was no loss of cabin volume during the events. The analysis method developed provided design guidance but time did not allow extending the analysis to soft soil impact. This project demonstrated that survivability improvements are possible with modest weight penalties. The design methods can be readily applied by airplane designers using the examples in this report.

A Summary Description of a Computer Program Concept for the Design and Simulation of Solar Pond Electric Power Generation Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

A solar pond electric power generation subsystem, an electric power transformer and switch yard, a large solar pond, a water treatment plant, and numerous storage and evaporation ponds. Because a solar pond stores thermal energy over a long period of time, plant operation at any point in time is dependent upon past operation and future perceived generation plans. This time or past history factor introduces a new dimension in the design process. The design optimization of a plant must go beyond examination of operational state points and consider the seasonal variations in solar, solar pond energy storage, and desired plant annual duty-cycle profile. Models or design tools will be required to optimize a plant design. These models should be developed in order to include a proper but not excessive level of detail. The model should be targeted to a specific objective and not conceived as a do everything analysis tool, i.e., system design and not gradient-zone stability.

Extending Our Understanding of Compliant Thermal Barrier Performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Demange, Jeffrey J.; Finkbeiner, Joshua R.; Dunlap, Patrick H.

2014-01-01

Thermal barriers and seals are integral components in the thermal protection systems (TPS) of nearly all aerospace vehicles. They are used to minimize the flow of hot gases through interfaces and protect underlying temperature-sensitive components and systems. Although thermal barriers have been used extensively on many aerospace vehicles, the factors affecting their thermal and mechanical performance are not well-understood. Because of this, vehicle TPS designers are often left with little guidance on how to properly design and optimize these barriers. An ongoing effort to better understand thermal barrier performance and develop models and design tools is in progress at the NASA Glenn Research Center. Testing has been conducted to understand the degree to which insulation density influences structural performance and permeability. In addition, the development of both thermal and mechanical models is ongoing with the goal of providing an improved ability to design and implement these critical TPS components.

Exploratory research for the development of a computer aided software design environment with the software technology program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hardwick, Charles

1991-01-01

Field studies were conducted by MCC to determine areas of research of mutual interest to MCC and JSC. NASA personnel from the Information Systems Directorate and research faculty from UHCL/RICIS visited MCC in Austin, Texas to examine tools and applications under development in the MCC Software Technology Program. MCC personnel presented workshops in hypermedia, design knowledge capture, and design recovery on site at JSC for ISD personnel. The following programs were installed on workstations in the Software Technology Lab, NASA/JSC: (1) GERM (Graphic Entity Relations Modeler); (2) gIBIS (Graphic Issues Based Information System); and (3) DESIRE (Design Recovery tool). These applications were made available to NASA for inspection and evaluation. Programs developed in the MCC Software Technology Program run on the SUN workstation. The programs do not require special configuration, but they will require larger than usual amounts of disk space and RAM to operate properly.

Design of an autonomous Lunar construction utility vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ash, Robert L.; Chew, Mason; Dixon, Iain (Editor)

1990-01-01

In order to prepare a site for a manned lunar base, an autonomously operated construction vehicle is necessary. A Lunar Construction Utility Vehicle (LCUV), which utilizes interchangeable construction implements, was designed conceptually. Some elements of the machine were studied in greater detail. Design of an elastic loop track system has advanced to the testing stage. A standard coupling device was designed to insure a proper connection between the different construction tools and the LCUV. Autonomous control of the track drive motors was simulated successfully through the use of a joystick and computer interface. A study of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells has produced estimates of reactant and product size requirements and identified multi-layer insulation techniques. Research on a 100 kW heat rejection system has determined that it is necessary to house a radiator panel on a utility trailer. The impact of a 720 hr use cycle has produced a very large logistical support lien which requires further study.

Issues on combining human and non-human intelligence

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Statler, Irving C.; Connors, Mary M.

1991-01-01

The purpose here is to call attention to some of the issues confronting the designer of a system that combines human and non-human intelligence. We do not know how to design a non-human intelligence in such a way that it will fit naturally into a human organization. The author's concern is that, without adequate understanding and consideration of the behavioral and psychological limitations and requirements of the human member(s) of the system, the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) subsystems can exacerbate operational problems. We have seen that, when these technologies are not properly applied, an overall degradation of performance at the system level can occur. Only by understanding how human and automated systems work together can we be sure that the problems introduced by automation are not more serious than the problems solved.

Development of the Macro Command Editing Executive System for Factory Workers-Oriented Programless Visual Inspection System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anezaki, Takashi; Wakitani, Kouichi; Nakamura, Masatoshi; Kubo, Hiroyasu

Because visual inspection systems are difficult to tune, they create many problems for the kaizen process. This results in increased development costs and time to assure that the inspection systems function properly. In order to improve inspection system development, we designed an easy-tuning system called a “Program-less” visual inspection system. The ROI macro command which consisted of eight kinds of shape recognition macro commands and decision, operation, control commands was built. Furthermore, the macro command editing executive system was developed by the operation of only the GUI without editing source program. The validity of the ROI macro command was proved by the application of 488 places.

Bag For Formulating And Dispersing Intravenous Solution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kipp, Jim; Owens, Jim; Scharf, Mike; Finley, Mike; Dudar, Tom; Veillon, Joe; Ogle, Jim

1993-01-01

Large-volume parenteral (LVP) bag in which predetermined amount of sterile solution formulated by combining premeasured, prepackaged amount of sterile solute with predetermined amount of water. Bag designed to hold predetermined amount, typically 1 L, of sterile solution. Sterility of solution maintained during mixing by passing water into bag through sterilizing filter. System used in field or hospitals not having proper sterile facilities, and in field research.

On Board Data Acquisition System with Intelligent Transducers for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rochala, Zdzisław

2012-02-01

This report presents conclusions from research project no. ON50900363 conducted at the Mechatronics Department, Military University of Technology in the years 2007-2010. As the main object of the study involved the preparation of a concept and the implementation of an avionics data acquisition system intended for research during flight of unmanned aerial vehicles of the mini class, this article presents a design of an avionics system and describes equipment solutions of a distributed measurement system intended for data acquisition consisting of intelligent transducers. The data collected during a flight controlled by an operator confirmed proper operation of the individual components of the data acquisition system.

Designing torus-doubling solutions to discrete time systems by hybrid projective synchronization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xie, Hui; Wen, Guilin

2013-11-01

Doubling of torus occurs in high dimensional nonlinear systems, which is related to a certain kind of typical second bifurcations. It is a nontrivial task to create a torus-doubling solution with desired dynamical properties based on the classical bifurcation theories. In this paper, dead-beat hybrid projective synchronization is employed to build a novel method for designing stable torus-doubling solutions into discrete time systems with proper properties to achieve the purpose of utilizing bifurcation solutions as well as avoiding the possible conflict of physical meaning of the created solution. Although anti-controls of bifurcation and chaos synchronizations are two different topics in nonlinear dynamics and control, the results imply that it is possible to develop some new interdisciplinary methods between chaos synchronization and anti-controls of bifurcations.

Mason Bee Habitations: Teaching Proper "Making" Skill through Authentic Engineering Design Contests. Resources in Technology and Engineering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cool, Nate; Strimel, Greg J.; Croly, Michael; Grubbs, Michael E.

2017-01-01

To be technologically and engineering literate, people should be able to "make" or produce quality solutions to engineering design challenges while recognizing and understanding how to avoid hazards in a broad array of situations when properly using tools, machines, and materials (Haynie, 2009; Gunter, 2007; ITEA/ITEEA, 2000/2002/2007).…

A Theoretical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model for System Controls and Stability Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopasakis, George; Brinson, Thomas; Credle, Sydni; Xu, Ming

2006-01-01

As the aviation industry moves towards higher efficiency electrical power generation, all electric aircraft, or zero emissions and more quiet aircraft, fuel cells are sought as the technology that can deliver on these high expectations. The Hybrid Solid Oxide Fuel Cell system combines the fuel cell with a microturbine to obtain up to 70 percent cycle efficiency, and then distributes the electrical power to the loads via a power distribution system. The challenge is to understand the dynamics of this complex multi-discipline system, and design distributed controls that take the system through its operating conditions in a stable and safe manner while maintaining the system performance. This particular system is a power generation and distribution system and the fuel cell and microturbine model fidelity should be compatible with the dynamics of the power distribution system in order to allow proper stability and distributed controls design. A novel modeling approach is proposed for the fuel cell that will allow the fuel cell and the power system to be integrated and designed for stability, distributed controls, and other interface specifications. This investigation shows that for the fuel cell, the voltage characteristic should be modeled, but in addition, conservation equation dynamics, ion diffusion, charge transfer kinetics, and the electron flow inherent impedance should also be included.

[A study of magnetic shielding design for a magnetic resonance imaging linac system].

PubMed

Zhang, Zheshun; Chen, Wenjing; Qiu, Yang; Zhu, Jianming

2017-12-01

One of the main technical challenges when integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems with medical linear accelerator is the strong interference of fringe magnetic fields from the MRI system with the electron beams of linear accelerator, making the linear accelerator not to work properly. In order to minimize the interference of magnetic fields, a magnetic shielding cylinder with an open structure made of high permeability materials is designed. ANSYS Maxwell was used to simulate Helmholtz coil which generate uniform magnetic field instead of the fringe magnetic fields which affect accelerator gun. The parameters of shielding tube, such as permeability, radius, length, side thickness, bottom thickness and fringe magnetic fields strength are simulated, and the data is processed by MATLAB to compare the shielding performance. This article gives out a list of magnetic shielding effectiveness with different side thickness and bottom thickness under the optimal radius and length, which showes that this design can meet the shielding requirement for the MRI-linear accelerator system.

Magnetic Bearings at Draper Laboratory

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kondoleon, Anthony S.; Kelleher, William P.; Possel, Peter D.

1996-01-01

Magnetic bearings, unlike traditional mechanical bearings, consist of a series of components mated together to form a stabilized system. The correct design of the actuator and sensor will provide a cost effective device with low power requirements. The proper choice of a control system utilizes the variables necessary to control the system in an efficient manner. The specific application will determine the optimum design of the magnetic bearing system including the touch down bearing. Draper for the past 30 years has been a leader in all these fields. This paper summarizes the results carried out at Draper in the field of magnetic bearing development. A 3-D radial magnetic bearing is detailed in this paper. Data obtained from recently completed projects using this design are included. One project was a high radial load (1000 pound) application. The second was a high speed (35,000 rpm), low loss flywheel application. The development of a low loss axial magnetic bearing is also included in this paper.

NASA Technology Utilization House technical support package Summary of results and house description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

The Technology Utilization House (Tech House) was designed and constructed to demonstrate to the building industry and the public the benefits of aerospace technology and other new technology that are presently available or will be in very near future. Use of solar energy, conservation of energy and of water, safety, and security were incorporated in the design of the house. The terms to be incorporated into the house and to assist in the design of the house were evaluated. An architectural engineering team was employed to investigate energy conservation ideas, determine cost effectiveness of new materials and systems, and prepare specifications and drawings for the house. The Tech House was constructed during the spring of 1976. All the systems were monitored to insure proper operation, and data were collected during a one year occupancy. Results obtained during the family live-in period, comments on the acceptance of the various energy-saving systems by the family, and suggestions for improvement of the systems are presented.

Study of application of space telescope science operations software for SIRTF use

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dignam, F.; Stetson, E.; Allendoerfer, W.

1985-01-01

The design and development of the Space Telescope Science Operations Ground System (ST SOGS) was evaluated to compile a history of lessons learned that would benefit NASA's Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF). Forty-nine specific recommendations resulted and were categorized as follows: (1) requirements: a discussion of the content, timeliness and proper allocation of the system and segment requirements and the resulting impact on SOGS development; (2) science instruments: a consideration of the impact of the Science Instrument design and data streams on SOGS software; and (3) contract phasing: an analysis of the impact of beginning the various ST program segments at different times. Approximately half of the software design and source code might be useable for SIRTF. Transportability of this software requires, at minimum, a compatible DEC VAX-based architecture and VMS operating system, system support software similar to that developed for SOGS, and continued evolution of the SIRTF operations concept and requirements such that they remain compatible with ST SOGS operation.

MINIVER upgrade for the AVID system. Volume 3: EXITS user's and input guide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pond, J. E.; Schmitz, C. P.

1983-01-01

The successful design of thermal protection systems for vehicles operating in atmosphere and near-space environments requires accurate analyses of heating rate and temperature histories encountered along a trajectory. For preliminary design calculations, however, the requirement for accuracy must be tempered by the need for speed and versatility in computational tools used to determine thermal environments and structural thermal response. The MINIVER program was found to provide the proper balance between versatility, speed and accuracy for an aerothermal prediction tool. The advancement in computer aided design concepts at Langley Research Center (LaRC) in the past few years has made it desirable to incorporate the MINIVER program into the LaRC Advanced Vehicle Integrated Design, AVID, system. In order to effectively incorporate MINIVER into the AVID system, several changes to MINIVER were made. The thermal conduction options in MINIVER were removed and a new Explicit Interactive Thermal Structures (EXITS) code was developed. Many upgrades to the MINIVER code were made and a new Langley version of MINIVER called LANMIN was created.

MINIVER upgrade for the AVID system. Volume 1: LANMIN user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Engel, C. D.; Praharaj, S. C.

1983-01-01

The successful design of thermal protection systems for vehicles operating in atmosphere and near space environments requires accurate analyses of heating rate and temperature histories encountered along a trajectory. For preliminary design calculations, however, the requirement for accuracy must be tempered by the need for speed and versatility in computational tools used to determine thermal environments and structural thermal response. The MINIVER program has been found to provide the proper balance between versatility, speed and accuracy for an aerothermal prediction tool. The advancement in computer aided design concepts at Langley Research Center (LaRC) in the past few years has made it desirable to incorporate the MINIVER program into the LaRC Advanced Vehicle Integrated Design, AVID, system. In order to effectively incorporate MINIVER into the AVID system, several changes to MINIVER were made. The thermal conduction options in MINIVER were removed and a new Explicit Interactive Thermal Structures (EXITS) code was developed. Many upgrades to the MINIVER code were made and a new Langley version of MINIVER called LANMIN was created. The theoretical methods and subroutine functions used in LANMIN are described.

Standardization of Course Plan and Design of Objective Structured Field Examination (OSFE) for the Assessment of Pharm.D. Student’s Community Pharmacy Clerkship Skills

PubMed Central

Monajjemzadeh, Farnaz; Shokri, Javad; Mohajel Nayebi, Ali Reza; Nemati, Mahboob; Azarmi, Yadollah; Charkhpour, Mohammad; Najafi, Moslem

2014-01-01

Purpose: This study was aimed to design Objective Structured Field Examination (OSFE) and also standardize the course plan of community pharmacy clerkship at Pharmacy Faculty of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences (Iran). Methods: The study was composed of several stages including; evaluation of the old program, standardization and implementation of the new course plan, design and implementation of OSFE, and finally results evaluation. Results: Lack of a fair final assessment protocol and proper organized educating system in various fields of community pharmacy clerkship skills were assigned as the main weaknesses of the old program. Educational priorities were determined and student’s feedback was assessed to design the new curriculum consisting of sessions to fulfill a 60-hour training course. More than 70% of the students were satisfied and successfulness and efficiency of the new clerkship program was significantly greater than the old program (P<0.05). In addition, they believed that OSFE was a suitable testing method. Conclusion: The defined course plan was successfully improved different skills of the students and OSFE was concluded as a proper performance based assessment method. This is easily adoptable by pharmacy faculties to improve the educational outcomes of the clerkship course. PMID:24511477

Inverse design of a proper number, shapes, sizes, and locations of coolant flow passages

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dulikravich, George S.

1992-01-01

During the past several years we have developed an inverse method that allows a thermal cooling system designer to determine proper sizes, shapes, and locations of coolant passages (holes) in, say, an internally cooled turbine blade, a scram jet strut, a rocket chamber wall, etc. Using this method the designer can enforce a desired heat flux distribution on the hot outer surface of the object, while simultaneously enforcing desired temperature distributions on the same hot outer surface as well as on the cooled interior surfaces of each of the coolant passages. This constitutes an over-specified problem which is solved by allowing the number, sizes, locations and shapes of the holes to adjust iteratively until the final internally cooled configuration satisfies the over-specified surface thermal conditions and the governing equation for the steady temperature field. The problem is solved by minimizing an error function expressing the difference between the specified and the computed hot surface heat fluxes. The temperature field analysis was performed using our highly accurate boundary integral element code with linearly varying temperature along straight surface panels. Examples of the inverse design applied to internally cooled turbine blades and scram jet struts (coated and non-coated) having circular and non-circular coolant flow passages will be shown.

The constraints satisfaction problem approach in the design of an architectural functional layout

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zawidzki, Machi; Tateyama, Kazuyoshi; Nishikawa, Ikuko

2011-09-01

A design support system with a new strategy for finding the optimal functional configurations of rooms for architectural layouts is presented. A set of configurations satisfying given constraints is generated and ranked according to multiple objectives. The method can be applied to problems in architectural practice, urban or graphic design-wherever allocation of related geometrical elements of known shape is optimized. Although the methodology is shown using simplified examples-a single story residential building with two apartments each having two rooms-the results resemble realistic functional layouts. One example of a practical size problem of a layout of three apartments with a total of 20 rooms is demonstrated, where the generated solution can be used as a base for a realistic architectural blueprint. The discretization of design space is discussed, followed by application of a backtrack search algorithm used for generating a set of potentially 'good' room configurations. Next the solutions are classified by a machine learning method (FFN) as 'proper' or 'improper' according to the internal communication criteria. Examples of interactive ranking of the 'proper' configurations according to multiple criteria and choosing 'the best' ones are presented. The proposed framework is general and universal-the criteria, parameters and weights can be individually defined by a user and the search algorithm can be adjusted to a specific problem.

Geometrical optics design of a compact range Gregorian subreflector system by the principle of the central ray

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clerici, Giancarlo; Burnside, Walter D.

1989-01-01

In recent years, the compact range has become very popular for measuring Radar Cross Section (RCS) and antenna patterns. The compact range, in fact, offers several advantages due to reduced size, a controlled environment, and privacy. On the other hand, it has some problems of its own, which must be solved properly in order to achieve high quality measurement results. For example, diffraction from the edges of the main reflector corrupts the plane wave in the target zone and creates spurious scattering centers in RCS measurements. While diffraction can be minimized by using rolled edges, the field of an offset single reflector compact range is corrupted by three other errors: the taper of the reflected field, the cross polarization introduced by the tilt of the feed and the aperture blockage introduced by the feed itself. These three errors can be eliminated by the use of a subreflector system. A properly designed subreflector system offers very little aperture blockage, no cross-polarization introduced and a minimization of the taper of the reflected field. A Gregorian configuration has been adopted in order to enclose the feed and the ellipsoidal subreflector in a lower chamber, which is isolated by absorbers from the upper chamber, where the main parabolic reflector and the target zone are enclosed. The coupling between the two rooms is performed through a coupling aperture. The first cut design for such a subreflector system is performed through Geometrical Optics ray tracing techniques (GO), and is greatly simplified by the use of the concept of the central ray introduced by Dragone. The purpose of the GO design is to establish the basic dimensions of the main reflector and subreflector, the size of the primary and secondary illuminating surfaces, the tilt angles of the subreflector and feed, and estimate the feed beamwidth. At the same time, the shape of the coupling aperture is initially determined.

Design of Accumulators and Liquid/Gas Charging of Single Phase Mechanically Pumped Fluid Loop Heat Rejection Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhandari, Pradeep; Dudik, Brenda; Birur, Gajanana; Karlmann, Paul; Bame, David; Mastropietro, A. J.

2012-01-01

For single phase mechanically pumped fluid loops used for thermal control of spacecraft, a gas charged accumulator is typically used to modulate pressures within the loop. This is needed to accommodate changes in the working fluid volume due to changes in the operating temperatures as the spacecraft encounters varying thermal environments during its mission. Overall, the three key requirements on the accumulator to maintain an appropriate pressure range throughout the mission are: accommodation of the volume change of the fluid due to temperature changes, avoidance of pump cavitation and prevention of boiling in the liquid. The sizing and design of such an accumulator requires very careful and accurate accounting of temperature distribution within each element of the working fluid for the entire range of conditions expected, accurate knowledge of volume of each fluid element, assessment of corresponding pressures needed to avoid boiling in the liquid, as well as the pressures needed to avoid cavitation in the pump. The appropriate liquid and accumulator strokes required to accommodate the liquid volume change, as well as the appropriate gas volumes, require proper sizing to ensure that the correct pressure range is maintained during the mission. Additionally, a very careful assessment of the process for charging both the gas side and the liquid side of the accumulator is required to properly position the bellows and pressurize the system to a level commensurate with requirements. To achieve the accurate sizing of the accumulator and the charging of the system, sophisticated EXCEL based spreadsheets were developed to rapidly come up with an accumulator design and the corresponding charging parameters. These spreadsheets have proven to be computationally fast and accurate tools for this purpose. This paper will describe the entire process of designing and charging the system, using a case study of the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) fluid loops, which is en route to Mars for an August 2012 landing.

The optimization of design parameters for surge relief valve for pipeline systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hyunjun; Hur, Jisung; Kim, Sanghyun

2017-06-01

Surge is an abnormal pressure which induced by rapid changes of flow rate in pipeline systems. In order to protect pipeline system from the surge pressure, various hydraulic devices have been developed. Surge-relief valve(SRV) is one of the widely applied devices to control surge due to its feasibility in application, efficiency and cost-effectiveness. SRV is designed to automatically open under abnormal pressure and discharge the flow and makes pressure of the system drop to the allowable level. The performance of the SRV is influenced by hydraulics. According to previous studies, there are several affecting factors which determine performance of the PRV such as design parameters (e.g. size of the valve), system parameters (e.g. number of the valves and location of the valve), and operation parameters (e.g. set point and operation time). Therefore, the systematic consideration for factors affecting performance of SRV is required for the proper installation of SRV in the system. In this study, methodology for finding optimum parameters of the SRV is explored through the integration of Genetic Algorithm(GA) into surge analysis.

Fuzzy logic-based flight control system design

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nho, Kyungmoon

The application of fuzzy logic to aircraft motion control is studied in this dissertation. The self-tuning fuzzy techniques are developed by changing input scaling factors to obtain a robust fuzzy controller over a wide range of operating conditions and nonlinearities for a nonlinear aircraft model. It is demonstrated that the properly adjusted input scaling factors can meet the required performance and robustness in a fuzzy controller. For a simple demonstration of the easy design and control capability of a fuzzy controller, a proportional-derivative (PD) fuzzy control system is compared to the conventional controller for a simple dynamical system. This thesis also describes the design principles and stability analysis of fuzzy control systems by considering the key features of a fuzzy control system including the fuzzification, rule-base and defuzzification. The wing-rock motion of slender delta wings, a linear aircraft model and the six degree of freedom nonlinear aircraft dynamics are considered to illustrate several self-tuning methods employing change in input scaling factors. Finally, this dissertation is concluded with numerical simulation of glide-slope capture in windshear demonstrating the robustness of the fuzzy logic based flight control system.

Automatic PID Control Loops Design for Performance Improvement of Cryogenic Turboexpander

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joshi, D. M.; Patel, H. K.; Shah, D. K.

2015-04-01

Cryogenics field involves temperature below 123 K which is much less than ambient temperature. In addition, many industrially important physical processes—from fulfilling the needs of National Thermonuclear Fusion programs, superconducting magnets to treatment of cutting tools and preservation of blood cells, require extreme low temperature. The low temperature required for liquefaction of common gases can be obtained by several processes. Liquefaction is the process of cooling or refrigerating a gas to a temperature below its critical temperature so that liquid can be formed at some suitable pressure which is below the critical pressure. Helium liquefier is used for the liquefaction process of helium gas. In general, the Helium Refrigerator/Liquefier (HRL) needs turboexpander as expansion machine to produce cooling effect which is further used for the production of liquid helium. Turboexpanders, a high speed device that is supported on gas bearings, are the most critical component in many helium refrigeration systems. A very minor fault in the operation and manufacturing or impurities in the helium gas can destroy the turboexpander. However, since the performance of expanders is dependent on a number of operating parameters and the relations between them are quite complex, the instrumentation and control system design for turboexpander needs special attention. The inefficiency of manual control leads to the need of designing automatic control loops for turboexpander. Proper design and implementation of the control loops plays an important role in the successful operation of the cryogenic turboexpander. The PID control loops has to be implemented with accurate interlocks and logic to enhance the performance of the cryogenic turboexpander. For different normal and off-normal operations, speeds will be different and hence a proper control method for critical rotational speed avoidance is must. This paper presents the design of PID control loops needed for the efficient performance of cryogenic turboexpander (Radial Inflow type) to ensure that the control systems meet the technical conditions and constraints more accurately and ensure the equipment safety.

Design of an autonomous lunar construction utility vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

In order to prepare a site for a lunar base, an autonomously operated construction vehicle is necessary. Discussed here is a Lunar Construction Utility Vehicle (LCUV), which uses interchangeable construction implements. Design of an elastic loop track system has advanced to the testing stage. A standard coupling device has been designed to insure a proper connection between the different construction tools and the LCUV. Autonomous control of the track drive motors was simulated successfully through the use of a joystick and a computer interface. A study of hydrogen-oxygen fuel cells produced estimates of reactant and product requirements and identified multilayer insulation needs. Research on the 100-kW heat rejection system determined that it is necessary to transport the radiator panel on a utility trailer. Extensive logistical support for the 720 hour use cycle requires further study.

Inference Engine in an Intelligent Ship Course-Keeping System

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The article presents an original design of an expert system, whose function is to automatically stabilize ship's course. The focus is put on the inference engine, a mechanism that consists of two functional components. One is responsible for the construction of state space regions, implemented on the basis of properly processed signals recorded by sensors from the input and output of an object. The other component is responsible for generating a control decision based on the knowledge obtained in the first module. The computing experiments described herein prove the effective and correct operation of the proposed system. PMID:29317859

Electric power system test and verification program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rylicki, Daniel S.; Robinson, Frank, Jr.

1994-01-01

Space Station Freedom's (SSF's) electric power system (EPS) hardware and software verification is performed at all levels of integration, from components to assembly and system level tests. Careful planning is essential to ensure the EPS is tested properly on the ground prior to launch. The results of the test performed on breadboard model hardware and analyses completed to date have been evaluated and used to plan for design qualification and flight acceptance test phases. These results and plans indicate the verification program for SSF's 75-kW EPS would have been successful and completed in time to support the scheduled first element launch.

Iris indexing based on local intensity order pattern

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Emerich, Simina; Malutan, Raul; Crisan, Septimiu; Lefkovits, Laszlo

2017-03-01

In recent years, iris biometric systems have increased in popularity and have been proven that are capable of handling large-scale databases. The main advantage of these systems is accuracy and reliability. A proper iris patterns classification is expected to reduce the matching time in huge databases. This paper presents an iris indexing technique based on Local Intensity Order Pattern. The performance of the present approach is evaluated on UPOL database and is compared with other recent systems designed for iris indexing. The results illustrate the potential of the proposed method for large scale iris identification.

Design and simulation of a cable-pulley-based transmission for artificial ankle joints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Huaxin; Ceccarelli, Marco; Huang, Qiang

2016-06-01

In this paper, a mechanical transmission based on cable pulley is proposed for human-like actuation in the artificial ankle joints of human-scale. The anatomy articular characteristics of the human ankle is discussed for proper biomimetic inspiration in designing an accurate, efficient, and robust motion control of artificial ankle joint devices. The design procedure is presented through the inclusion of conceptual considerations and design details for an interactive solution of the transmission system. A mechanical design is elaborated for the ankle joint angular with pitch motion. A multi-body dynamic simulation model is elaborated accordingly and evaluated numerically in the ADAMS environment. Results of the numerical simulations are discussed to evaluate the dynamic performance of the proposed design solution and to investigate the feasibility of the proposed design in future applications for humanoid robots.

Expediting analog design retargeting by design knowledge re-use and circuit synthesis: a practical example on a Delta-Sigma modulator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Webb, Matthew; Tang, Hua

2016-08-01

In the past decade or two, due to constant and rapid technology changes, analog design re-use or design retargeting to newer technologies has been brought to the table in order to expedite the design process and improve time-to-market. If properly conducted, analog design retargeting could significantly cut down design cycle compared to designs starting from the scratch. In this article, we present an empirical and general method for efficient analog design retargeting by design knowledge re-use and circuit synthesis (CS). The method first identifies circuit blocks that compose the source system and extracts the performance parameter specifications of each circuit block. Then, for each circuit block, it scales the values of design variables (DV) from the source design to derive an initial design in the target technology. Depending on the performance of this initial target design, a design space is defined for synthesis. Subsequently, each circuit block is automatically synthesised using state-of-art analog synthesis tools based on a combination of global and local optimisation techniques to achieve comparable performance specifications to those extracted from the source system. Finally, the overall system is composed of those synthesised circuit blocks in the target technology. We illustrate the method using a practical example of a complex Delta-Sigma modulator (DSM) circuit.

SYSTID - A flexible tool for the analysis of communication systems.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dawson, C. T.; Tranter, W. H.

1972-01-01

Description of the System Time Domain Simulation (SYSTID) computer-aided analysis program which is specifically structured for communication systems analysis. The SYSTID program is user oriented so that very little knowledge of computer techniques and very little programming ability are required for proper application. The program is designed so that the user can go from a system block diagram to an accurate simulation by simply programming a single English language statement for each block in the system. The mathematical and functional models available in the SYSTID library are presented. An example problem is given which illustrates the ease of modeling communication systems. Examples of the outputs available are presented, and proposed improvements are summarized.

The S.T.o.R.M. (tm): Air transport system design simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1992-01-01

The members of Team Asylum have proposed a helicopter design concept, called the S.T.o.R.M., in order to meet the market demands for an aircraft to perform overnight package delivery services in Aeroworld. The helicopter concept was chosen over a fixed wing aircraft design to fulfill the mission requirements for a variety of reasons, all of which will be discussed later. However, many critical design areas needed to be investigated as part of the helicopter concept's selection. One of the most significant design factors was the weight of the aircraft. This determined the selection of the propulsion system necessary to get the S.T.o.R.M. off the ground, and maintain flight once airborne. Another significant factor that went hand in hand with the motor selection was the choice of the main rotor. Since the main rotor is the primary source of lift for the helicopter, its proper selection became increasingly important.

Anthropometric evaluation of the Creches children furniture in Turkey.

PubMed

Barli, Onder; Sari, Reyhan Midilli; Elmali, Derya; Aydintan, Erkan

2006-12-01

The dimensions of the living and working space and buildings, the types of material and different riggings should be designed to conform to the users' anthropometric measures. The first requirement to design on ergonomic system is to measure the human being who will work and live in that system. Because of this, anthropometric measures are the most frequently used ergonomic data during the design process. In this research paper, we attempt to organize a new data base of anthropometric data to use in the design of children's equipment and furniture used in crèches. A starting point for research on the proper dimensions of creche furniture is to investigate how the dimensions of furniture reflect the body dimensions and the functional needs of the children using furniture. The anthropometric data of 3, 4 and 5 year-old-children in crèches was used. We report the results of the measurements of 18 anthropometric characteristics of children which constitute a set of basic data for the design of functional spaces and furniture.

Study/Experimental/Research Design: Much More Than Statistics

PubMed Central

Knight, Kenneth L.

2010-01-01

Abstract Context: The purpose of study, experimental, or research design in scientific manuscripts has changed significantly over the years. It has evolved from an explanation of the design of the experiment (ie, data gathering or acquisition) to an explanation of the statistical analysis. This practice makes “Methods” sections hard to read and understand. Objective: To clarify the difference between study design and statistical analysis, to show the advantages of a properly written study design on article comprehension, and to encourage authors to correctly describe study designs. Description: The role of study design is explored from the introduction of the concept by Fisher through modern-day scientists and the AMA Manual of Style. At one time, when experiments were simpler, the study design and statistical design were identical or very similar. With the complex research that is common today, which often includes manipulating variables to create new variables and the multiple (and different) analyses of a single data set, data collection is very different than statistical design. Thus, both a study design and a statistical design are necessary. Advantages: Scientific manuscripts will be much easier to read and comprehend. A proper experimental design serves as a road map to the study methods, helping readers to understand more clearly how the data were obtained and, therefore, assisting them in properly analyzing the results. PMID:20064054

A control system for orbiting tethered-body operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eades, J. B., Jr.

1975-01-01

This paper shows that through proper control logic the transfer of men and cargo between spacecrafts, or the 'positioning of packages' adjacent to orbiters, can be accomodated safely and predictably using tethers. Also, these systems may be adapted to rescue and retrieval operations where 'controlled motions' must be maintained. Shown here is a method which illustrates how tethered-body motions are controlled for 'reel-in' and 'reel-out' operations, and for precise 'positioning' purposes. Three control modes are examined; from these are derived sets of universal control parameters capable of predescribing systems of similar types. In addition, these parameters form a basis for designing tethered-body systems and operations.

Detecting unstable periodic orbits in chaotic time series using synchronization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olyaei, Ali Azimi; Wu, Christine; Kinsner, Witold

2017-07-01

An alternative approach of detecting unstable periodic orbits in chaotic time series is proposed using synchronization techniques. A master-slave synchronization scheme is developed, in which the chaotic system drives a system of harmonic oscillators through a proper coupling condition. The proposed scheme is designed so that the power of the coupling signal exhibits notches that drop to zero once the system approaches an unstable orbit yielding an explicit indication of the presence of a periodic motion. The results shows that the proposed approach is particularly suitable in practical situations, where the time series is short and noisy, or it is obtained from high-dimensional chaotic systems.

Integrated Substrate and Thin Film Design Methods

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-02-01

Proper Representation Once the required chemical databases had been converted to the Excel format, VBA macros were written to convert chemical...ternary systems databases were imported from MS Excel to MS Access to implement SQL queries. Further, this database was connected via an ODBC model, to the... VBA macro, corresponding to each of the elements A, B, and C, respectively. The B loop began with the next alphabetical choice of element symbols

Design of a multisensor data fusion system for target detection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomopoulos, Stelios C.; Okello, Nickens N.; Kadar, Ivan; Lovas, Louis A.

1993-09-01

The objective of this paper is to discuss the issues that are involved in the design of a multisensor fusion system and provide a systematic analysis and synthesis methodology for the design of the fusion system. The system under consideration consists of multifrequency (similar) radar sensors. However, the fusion design must be flexible to accommodate additional dissimilar sensors such as IR, EO, ESM, and Ladar. The motivation for the system design is the proof of the fusion concept for enhancing the detectability of small targets in clutter. In the context of down-selecting the proper configuration for multisensor (similar and dissimilar, and centralized vs. distributed) data fusion, the issues of data modeling, fusion approaches, and fusion architectures need to be addressed for the particular application being considered. Although the study of different approaches may proceed in parallel, the interplay among them is crucial in selecting a fusion configuration for a given application. The natural sequence for addressing the three different issues is to begin from the data modeling, in order to determine the information content of the data. This information will dictate the appropriate fusion approach. This, in turn, will lead to a global fusion architecture. Both distributed and centralized fusion architectures are used to illustrate the design issues along with Monte-Carlo simulation performance comparison of a single sensor versus a multisensor centrally fused system.

Hybrid antenna arrays with non-uniform Electromagnetic Band Gap lattices for wireless communication networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mourtzios, Ch.; Siakavara, K.

2015-08-01

A method to design hybrid antenna configurations with very low profile, suitable for smart and Multiple Input-Multiple Output antenna systems is proposed. The antennas are incorporated with novel Electromagnetic Band Gap (EBG) surfaces with non-similar cells. These non-uniform EBG surfaces have been properly designed to cause focusing, of the incident waves, thus enhancing the characteristics of operation of antenna elements positioned in close proximity to the surface and also to increase the isolation between them. Theoretical analysis of the reflection mechanism of this type of lattices as well as the prediction of the resulting performance of the antenna is presented. All these considerations are validated with implementation and simulation of the hybrid structures inside the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System frequency band. The results show that increment of the gain and isolation between the antenna elements can be obtained. Moreover, results for the correlation coefficient between the elements, for Gaussian distribution of the incoming waves have been received and the tolerance of the antennas to the variation of the polarization characteristics of the incoming waves has been investigated. A Genetic Algorithm has been constructed and applied to find the proper geometry of the hybrid antennas in order the correlation coefficient to be minimized and get almost independent from the polarization of incident waves.

Automated Testing Experience of the Linear Aerospike SR-71 Experiment (LASRE) Controller

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larson, Richard R.

1999-01-01

System controllers must be fail-safe, low cost, flexible to software changes, able to output health and status words, and permit rapid retest qualification. The system controller designed and tested for the aerospike engine program was an attempt to meet these requirements. This paper describes (1) the aerospike controller design, (2) the automated simulation testing techniques, and (3) the real time monitoring data visualization structure. Controller cost was minimized by design of a single-string system that used an off-the-shelf 486 central processing unit (CPU). A linked-list architecture, with states (nodes) defined in a user-friendly state table, accomplished software changes to the controller. Proven to be fail-safe, this system reported the abort cause and automatically reverted to a safe condition for any first failure. A real time simulation and test system automated the software checkout and retest requirements. A program requirement to decode all abort causes in real time during all ground and flight tests assured the safety of flight decisions and the proper execution of mission rules. The design also included health and status words, and provided a real time analysis interpretation for all health and status data.

Robust control of flexible space vehicles with minimum structural excitation: On-off pulse control of flexible space vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wie, Bong; Liu, Qiang

1992-01-01

Both feedback and feedforward control approaches for uncertain dynamical systems (in particular, with uncertainty in structural mode frequency) are investigated. The control objective is to achieve a fast settling time (high performance) and robustness (insensitivity) to plant uncertainty. Preshaping of an ideal, time optimal control input using a tapped-delay filter is shown to provide a fast settling time with robust performance. A robust, non-minimum-phase feedback controller is synthesized with particular emphasis on its proper implementation for a non-zero set-point control problem. It is shown that a properly designed, feedback controller performs well, as compared with a time optimal open loop controller with special preshaping for performance robustness. Also included are two separate papers by the same authors on this subject.

Wing design for a civil tiltrotor transport aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rais-Rohani, Masoud

1994-01-01

The goal of this research is the proper tailoring of the civil tiltrotor's composite wing-box structure leading to a minimum-weight wing design. With focus on the structural design, the wing's aerodynamic shape and the rotor-pylon system are held fixed. The initial design requirement on drag reduction set the airfoil maximum thickness-to-chord ratio to 18 percent. The airfoil section is the scaled down version of the 23 percent-thick airfoil used in V-22's wing. With the project goal in mind, the research activities began with an investigation of the structural dynamic and aeroelastic characteristics of the tiltrotor configuration, and the identification of proper procedures to analyze and account for these characteristics in the wing design. This investigation led to a collection of more than thirty technical papers on the subject, some of which have been referenced here. The review of literature on the tiltrotor revealed the complexity of the system in terms of wing-rotor-pylon interactions. The aeroelastic instability or whirl flutter stemming from wing-rotor-pylon interactions is found to be the most critical mode of instability demanding careful consideration in the preliminary wing design. The placement of wing fundamental natural frequencies in bending and torsion relative to each other and relative to the rotor 1/rev frequencies is found to have a strong influence on the whirl flutter. The frequency placement guide based on a Bell Helicopter Textron study is used in the formulation of frequency constraints. The analysis and design studies are based on two different finite-element computer codes: (1) MSC/NASATRAN and (2) WIDOWAC. These programs are used in parallel with the motivation to eventually, upon necessary modifications and validation, use the simpler WIDOWAC code in the structural tailoring of the tiltrotor wing. Several test cases were studied for the preliminary comparison of the two codes. The results obtained so far indicate a good overall agreement between the two codes.

Heading in the right direction? An innovative approach toward proper patient head positioning

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grush, William H.; Steffen, Gary A

2002-12-31

An in-house-manufactured modification of the standard A-F foam rubber head-neck supports (aka. Timo Supports) was designed to eliminate clinical setup problems with head immobilization and instability during treatment, thus providing for a more comfortable head rest for the patient. The custom design of this head holder seeks to eliminate superior-to-inferior shift, and minimize the lateral right-to-left rotational movement of the head when coupled with an AquaPlast casting system. By focusing attention to the seating of the occipital portion of the head and contour of the patient's neck, the aforementioned problems of movement were addressed, while adhering to the interests ofmore » patient comfort in this modified head support system.« less

Microgrid Controllers : Expanding Their Role and Evaluating Their Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Maitra, Arindam; Pratt, Annabelle; Hubert, Tanguy

Microgrids have long been deployed to provide power to customers in remote areas as well as critical industrial and military loads. Today, they are also being proposed as grid-interactive solutions for energy-resilient communities. Such microgrids will spend most of the time operating while synchronized with the surrounding utility grid but will also be capable of separating during contingency periods due to storms or temporary disturbances such as local grid faults. Properly designed and grid-integrated microgrids can provide the flexibility, reliability, and resiliency needs of both the future grid and critical customers. These systems can be an integral part of futuremore » power system designs that optimize investments to achieve operational goals, improved reliability, and diversification of energy sources.« less

Integration of instrumentation and processing software of a laser speckle contrast imaging system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carrick, Jacob J.

Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) has the potential to be a powerful tool in medicine, but more research in the field is required so it can be used properly. To help in the progression of Michigan Tech's research in the field, a graphical user interface (GUI) was designed in Matlab to control the instrumentation of the experiments as well as process the raw speckle images into contrast images while they are being acquired. The design of the system was successful and is currently being used by Michigan Tech's Biomedical Engineering department. This thesis describes the development of the LSCI GUI as well as offering a full introduction into the history, theory and applications of LSCI.

Advanced deep sea diving equipment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Danesi, W. A.

1972-01-01

Design requirements are generated for a deep sea heavy duty diving system to equip salvage divers with equipment and tools that permit work of the same quality and in times approaching that done on the surface. The system consists of a helmet, a recirculator for removing carbon dioxide, and the diver's dress. The diver controls the inlet flow by the recirculatory control valve and is able to change closed cycle operation to open cycle if malfunction occurs. Proper function of the scrubber in the recirculator minimizes temperature and humidity effects as it filters the returning air.

Two-Dimensional Simulation of the Automatic Aircraft Intercept Control System

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-01-26

G. Paine 26 January 1950 CfaSSif!,catlor Cf FI 7’-. AUTH I- By .... we, ure nd Grade Appro 4ed by: Mr. E . F. Kulikowski, Head, Systems Utilization...which are herein designated by the letter E with the proper subscripts). The observed coordinates for either bomber or fighter can be expressed by the...equations, "YV= Y + E (6) and X=X+Ex, (7) in which X and Y are the exact position coordinates and Ey, Ex the position errors. Since the’ - errors vary

Structural interaction with transportation and handling systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

Problems involved in the handling and transportation of finished space vehicles from the factory to the launch site are presented, in addition to recommendations for properly accounting for in space vehicle structural design, adverse interactions during transportation. Emphasis is given to the protection of vehicle structures against those environments and loads encountered during transportation (including temporary storage) which would exceed the levels that the vehicle can safely withstand. Current practices for verifying vehicle safety are appraised, and some of the capabilities and limitations of transportation and handling systems are summarized.

The Design and Development of a Management Information System for the Monterey Navy Flying Club.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-27

Management Information System for the Monterey Navy Flying Club. It supplies the tools necessary to enable the club manager to maintain all club records and generate required administrative and financial reports. The Monterey Navy Flying Club has one of the largest memberships of the Navy sponsored flying clubs. As a result of this large membership and the amount of manual paperwork required to properly maintain club records, the Manager’s ability to provide necessary services and reports in severely hampered. The implementation of an efficient

Design study of toroidal traction CVT for electric vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Raynard, A. E.; Kraus, J.; Bell, D. D.

1980-01-01

The development, evaluation, and optimization of a preliminary design concept for a continuously variable transmission (CVT) to couple the high-speed output shaft of an energy storage flywheel to the drive train of an electric vehicle is discussed. An existing computer simulation program was modified and used to compare the performance of five CVT design configurations. Based on this analysis, a dual-cavity full-toroidal drive with regenerative gearing is selected for the CVT design configuration. Three areas are identified that will require some technological development: the ratio control system, the traction fluid properities, and evaluation of the traction contact performance. Finally, the suitability of the selected CVT design concept for alternate electric and hybrid vehicle applications and alternate vehicle sizes and maximum output torques is determined. In all cases the toroidal traction drive design concept is applicable to the vehicle system. The regenerative gearing could be eliminated in the electric powered vehicle because of the reduced ratio range requirements. In other cases the CVT with regenerative gearing would meet the design requirements after appropriate adjustments in size and reduction gearing ratio.

Development of Boundary Condition Independent Reduced Order Thermal Models using Proper Orthogonal Decomposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Raghupathy, Arun; Ghia, Karman; Ghia, Urmila

2008-11-01

Compact Thermal Models (CTM) to represent IC packages has been traditionally developed using the DELPHI-based (DEvelopment of Libraries of PHysical models for an Integrated design) methodology. The drawbacks of this method are presented, and an alternative method is proposed. A reduced-order model that provides the complete thermal information accurately with less computational resources can be effectively used in system level simulations. Proper Orthogonal Decomposition (POD), a statistical method, can be used to reduce the order of the degree of freedom or variables of the computations for such a problem. POD along with the Galerkin projection allows us to create reduced-order models that reproduce the characteristics of the system with a considerable reduction in computational resources while maintaining a high level of accuracy. The goal of this work is to show that this method can be applied to obtain a boundary condition independent reduced-order thermal model for complex components. The methodology is applied to the 1D transient heat equation.

Quantitative Mapping of Reflected and Emitted Energy Patterns Over a City

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luvall, J.; Rickman, D.; Quattrochi, D.; Estes, M.; Arnold, James E. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

There are major variations in energy flux within and across the region of a large city. These variations have impacts in disparate areas, such as human health, environmental monitoring and mitigation, and energy consumption. Knowledge of the variations also has utility to urban and regional planners, and climate modelers. The authors have developed a system which permits robust measurement of both the magnitude of the energy flux variation and the absolute value of energy flux over regions of the size of large cites. The technique uses properly acquired and processed multispectral imagery with bands in the visible, near-IR and thermal portions of the electromagnetic spectrum. With proper knowledge of the atmosphere and geometries of acquisition it is possible to compute the energy budget for individual pixels. The reality of this technique is demonstrated using data acquired over Salt Lake City, Utah. The deficiencies in the results emphasize the critical nature of various design and engineering features usually ignored in airborne and satellite imaging systems.

Human-Centered Automation: The View from Earth Versus the View from Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Massimino, Michael J.; Smith, Philip J.; Stilwell, Donald J.; Mitchell, Christine M.; Thurman, David A.; Malin, Jane T.; Jones, Patricia M.

1999-01-01

This panel addresses the topic of human-centered automation in, however, a very different context-manned missions to deep space in which predominantly autonomous systems must control the crew's life-support systems most of the time. The Mars spacecraft and its inhabitants are totally dependent on the proper operation of thousands of control loops and pieces of equipment to maintain the delicate, unbuffered homeostasis of their remote existence. Mission success hangs on a thread that depends on a successful partnership, or symbiosis. between crew and machines, which exceeds anything ever required of ground systems. The need for a new approach to human-centered automation is not a "frill" in future Mars mission, but rather a sine qua non of survival. Thus the issue is design: Can we design systems intended to operate in a predominantly autonomous mode. without a human backup, that are sufficiently safe such that human travel into deep space is possible?

The stem cell laboratory: design, equipment, and oversight.

PubMed

Wesselschmidt, Robin L; Schwartz, Philip H

2011-01-01

This chapter describes some of the major issues to be considered when setting up a laboratory for the culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The process of establishing a hPSC laboratory can be divided into two equally important parts. One is completely administrative and includes developing protocols, seeking approval, and establishing reporting processes and documentation. The other part of establishing a hPSC laboratory involves the physical plant and includes design, equipment and personnel. Proper planning of laboratory operations and proper design of the physical layout of the stem cell laboratory so that meets the scope of planned operations is a major undertaking, but the time spent upfront will pay long-term returns in operational efficiency and effectiveness. A well-planned, organized, and properly equipped laboratory supports research activities by increasing efficiency and reducing lost time and wasted resources.

Waterhammer Modeling for the Ares I Upper Stage Reaction Control System Cold Flow Development Test Article

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, Jonathan H.

2010-01-01

The Upper Stage Reaction Control System provides three-axis attitude control for the Ares I launch vehicle during active Upper Stage flight. The system design must accommodate rapid thruster firing to maintain the proper launch trajectory and thus allow for the possibility to pulse multiple thrusters simultaneously. Rapid thruster valve closure creates an increase in static pressure, known as waterhammer, which propagates throughout the propellant system at pressures exceeding nominal design values. A series of development tests conducted in the fall of 2009 at Marshall Space Flight Center were performed using a water-flow test article to better understand fluid performance characteristics of the Upper Stage Reaction Control System. A subset of the tests examined waterhammer along with the subsequent pressure and frequency response in the flight-representative system and provided data to anchor numerical models. This thesis presents a comparison of waterhammer test results with numerical model and analytical results. An overview of the flight system, test article, modeling and analysis are also provided.

Water Recovery System Design to Accommodate Dormant Periods for Manned Missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tabb, David; Carter, Layne

2015-01-01

Future manned missions beyond lower Earth orbit may include intermittent periods of extended dormancy. Under the NASA Advanced Exploration System (AES) project, NASA personnel evaluated the viability of the ISS Water Recovery System (WRS) to support such a mission. The mission requirement includes the capability for life support systems to support crew activity, followed by a dormant period of up to one year, and subsequently for the life support systems to come back online for additional crewed missions. Dormancy could be a critical issue due to concerns with microbial growth or chemical degradation that might prevent water systems from operating properly when the crewed mission began. As such, it is critical that the water systems be designed to accommodate this dormant period. This paper details the results of this evaluation, which include identification of dormancy issues, results of testing performed to assess microbial stability of pretreated urine during dormancy periods, and concepts for updating to the WRS architecture and operational concepts that will enable the ISS WRS to support the dormancy requirement.

The Need and Keys for a New Generation Network Adjustment Software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colomina, I.; Blázquez, M.; Navarro, J. A.; Sastre, J.

2012-07-01

Orientation and calibration of photogrammetric and remote sensing instruments is a fundamental capacity of current mapping systems and a fundamental research topic. Neither digital remote sensing acquisition systems nor direct orientation gear, like INS and GNSS technologies, made block adjustment obsolete. On the contrary, the continuous flow of new primary data acquisition systems has challenged the capacity of the legacy block adjustment systems - in general network adjustment systems - in many aspects: extensibility, genericity, portability, large data sets capacity, metadata support and many others. In this article, we concentrate on the extensibility and genericity challenges that current and future network systems shall face. For this purpose we propose a number of software design strategies with emphasis on rigorous abstract modeling that help in achieving simplicity, genericity and extensibility together with the protection of intellectual proper rights in a flexible manner. We illustrate our suggestions with the general design approach of GENA, the generic extensible network adjustment system of GeoNumerics.

Waterhammer modeling for the Ares I Upper Stage Reaction Control System cold flow development test article

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, Jonathan Hunter

The Upper Stage Reaction Control System provides in-flight three-axis attitude control for the Ares I Upper Stage. The system design must accommodate rapid thruster firing to maintain proper launch trajectory and thus allow for the possibility to pulse multiple thrusters simultaneously. Rapid thruster valve closure creates an increase in static pressure, known as waterhammer, which propagates throughout the propellant system at pressures exceeding nominal design values. A series of development tests conducted at Marshall Space Flight Center in 2009 were performed using a water-flow test article to better understand fluid characteristics of the Upper Stage Reaction Control System. A subset of the tests examined the waterhammer pressure and frequency response in the flight-representative system and provided data to anchor numerical models. This thesis presents a comparison of waterhammer test results with numerical model and analytical results. An overview of the flight system, test article, modeling and analysis are also provided.

Interface of the transport systems research vehicle monochrome display system to the digital autonomous terminal access communication data bus

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Easley, W. C.; Tanguy, J. S.

1986-01-01

An upgrade of the transport systems research vehicle (TSRV) experimental flight system retained the original monochrome display system. The original host computer was replaced with a Norden 11/70, a new digital autonomous terminal access communication (DATAC) data bus was installed for data transfer between display system and host, while a new data interface method was required. The new display data interface uses four split phase bipolar (SPBP) serial busses. The DATAC bus uses a shared interface ram (SIR) for intermediate storage of its data transfer. A display interface unit (DIU) was designed and configured to read from and write to the SIR to properly convert the data from parallel to SPBP serial and vice versa. It is found that separation of data for use by each SPBP bus and synchronization of data tranfer throughout the entire experimental flight system are major problems which require solution in DIU design. The techniques used to accomplish these new data interface requirements are described.

System performance predictions for Space Station Freedom's electric power system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerslake, Thomas W.; Hojnicki, Jeffrey S.; Green, Robert D.; Follo, Jeffrey C.

1993-01-01

Space Station Freedom Electric Power System (EPS) capability to effectively deliver power to housekeeping and user loads continues to strongly influence Freedom's design and planned approaches for assembly and operations. The EPS design consists of silicon photovoltaic (PV) arrays, nickel-hydrogen batteries, and direct current power management and distribution hardware and cabling. To properly characterize the inherent EPS design capability, detailed system performance analyses must be performed for early stages as well as for the fully assembled station up to 15 years after beginning of life. Such analyses were repeatedly performed using the FORTRAN code SPACE (Station Power Analysis for Capability Evaluation) developed at the NASA Lewis Research Center over a 10-year period. SPACE combines orbital mechanics routines, station orientation/pointing routines, PV array and battery performance models, and a distribution system load-flow analysis to predict EPS performance. Time-dependent, performance degradation, low earth orbit environmental interactions, and EPS architecture build-up are incorporated in SPACE. Results from two typical SPACE analytical cases are presented: (1) an electric load driven case and (2) a maximum EPS capability case.

Orion Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV) Capsule Parachute Assembly System (CPAS) Wake Deficit Wind Tunnel Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, James C.; Schuster, David M.

2014-01-01

During descent after re-entry into the Earth's atmosphere, the Orion CM deploys its drogue parachutes at approximately Mach 0.7. Accurately predicting the dynamic pressure experienced by the drogue parachutes at deployment is critical to properly designing the parachutes. This NASA Engineering and Safety Center assessment was designed to provide a complete set of flowfield measurements on and around an idealized Orion Crew Module shape with the most appropriate wind tunnel simulation of the Orion flight conditions prior to parachute deployment. This document contains the details of testing and the outcome of the assessment.

Sensor Suitcase Tablet Software

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

The Retrocommissioning Sensor Suitcase is targeted for use in small commercial buildings of less than 50,000 square feet of floor space that regularly receive basic services such as maintenance and repair, but don't have in-house energy management staff or buildings experts. The Suitcase is designed to be easy-to-use by building maintenance staff, or other professionals such as telecom and alarm technicians. The software in the hand-held is designed to guide the staff to input the building and system information, deploy the sensors in proper location, configure the sensor hardware, and start the data collection.

The design of low cost structures for extensive ground arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Franklin, H. A.; Leonard, R. S.

1980-01-01

The development of conceptual designs of solar array support structures and their foundations including considerations of the use of concrete, steel, aluminum, or timber are reported. Some cost trends were examined by varying selected parameters to determine optimum configurations. Detailed civil/structural design criteria were developed. Using these criteria, eight detailed designs for support structures and foundations were developed and cost estimates were made. As a result of the study wind was identified as the major loading experienced by these low height structures, whose arrays are likely to extend over large tracts of land. Proper wind load estimating is considered essential to developing realistic structural designs and achieving minimum cost support structures. Wind tunnel testing of a conceptual array field was undertaken and some of the resulting wind design criteria are presented. The SPS rectenna system designs may be less sensitive to wind load estimates, but consistent design criteria remain important.

Underwater terrain-aided navigation system based on combination matching algorithm.

PubMed

Li, Peijuan; Sheng, Guoliang; Zhang, Xiaofei; Wu, Jingqiu; Xu, Baochun; Liu, Xing; Zhang, Yao

2018-07-01

Considering that the terrain-aided navigation (TAN) system based on iterated closest contour point (ICCP) algorithm diverges easily when the indicative track of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is large, Kalman filter is adopted in the traditional ICCP algorithm, difference between matching result and SINS output is used as the measurement of Kalman filter, then the cumulative error of the SINS is corrected in time by filter feedback correction, and the indicative track used in ICCP is improved. The mathematic model of the autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) integrated into the navigation system and the observation model of TAN is built. Proper matching point number is designated by comparing the simulation results of matching time and matching precision. Simulation experiments are carried out according to the ICCP algorithm and the mathematic model. It can be concluded from the simulation experiments that the navigation accuracy and stability are improved with the proposed combinational algorithm in case that proper matching point number is engaged. It will be shown that the integrated navigation system is effective in prohibiting the divergence of the indicative track and can meet the requirements of underwater, long-term and high precision of the navigation system for autonomous underwater vehicles. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Experimental investigation of connection performance for prefabricated timber beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lesmana, C.; Suhendi, S.

2017-06-01

This paper presents an investigation of connection performance for a simple supported prefabricated timber beams using Meranti hardwood (Shorea sp.). The good connection is crucial for the proper functioning of the timber structures. The adequate connection condition should be assured to achieve the requirement capacity design and performance of the system. The property of material was tested according to [1]. The proposed design of bolted connections has been evaluated through experimental investigation and compared to the simple supported beam without connection. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed connection design although the ultimate load of the beam with connection is only half of the beam without connection. The test results obtained the purposed connection should be improved.

Automatic latency equalization in VHDL-implemented complex pipelined systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zabołotny, Wojciech M.

2016-09-01

In the pipelined data processing systems it is very important to ensure that parallel paths delay data by the same number of clock cycles. If that condition is not met, the processing blocks receive data not properly aligned in time and produce incorrect results. Manual equalization of latencies is a tedious and error-prone work. This paper presents an automatic method of latency equalization in systems described in VHDL. The proposed method uses simulation to measure latencies and verify introduced correction. The solution is portable between different simulation and synthesis tools. The method does not increase the complexity of the synthesized design comparing to the solution based on manual latency adjustment. The example implementation of the proposed methodology together with a simple design demonstrating its use is available as an open source project under BSD license.

MRAC Revisited: Guaranteed Performance with Reference Model Modification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stepanyan, Vahram; Krishnakumar, Kalmaje

2010-01-01

This paper presents modification of the conventional model reference adaptive control (MRAC) architecture in order to achieve guaranteed transient performance both in the output and input signals of an uncertain system. The proposed modification is based on the tracking error feedback to the reference model. It is shown that approach guarantees tracking of a given command and the ideal control signal (one that would be designed if the system were known) not only asymptotically but also in transient by a proper selection of the error feedback gain. The method prevents generation of high frequency oscillations that are unavoidable in conventional MRAC systems for large adaptation rates. The provided design guideline makes it possible to track a reference command of any magnitude form any initial position without re-tuning. The benefits of the method are demonstrated in simulations.

A Theoretical Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Model for Systems Controls and Stability Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kopasakis, George; Brinson, Thomas; Credle, Sydni

2008-01-01

As the aviation industry moves toward higher efficiency electrical power generation, all electric aircraft, or zero emissions and more quiet aircraft, fuel cells are sought as the technology that can deliver on these high expectations. The hybrid solid oxide fuel cell system combines the fuel cell with a micro-turbine to obtain up to 70% cycle efficiency, and then distributes the electrical power to the loads via a power distribution system. The challenge is to understand the dynamics of this complex multidiscipline system and the design distributed controls that take the system through its operating conditions in a stable and safe manner while maintaining the system performance. This particular system is a power generation and a distribution system, and the fuel cell and micro-turbine model fidelity should be compatible with the dynamics of the power distribution system in order to allow proper stability and distributed controls design. The novelty in this paper is that, first, the case is made why a high fidelity fuel cell mode is needed for systems control and stability designs. Second, a novel modeling approach is proposed for the fuel cell that will allow the fuel cell and the power system to be integrated and designed for stability, distributed controls, and other interface specifications. This investigation shows that for the fuel cell, the voltage characteristic should be modeled but in addition, conservation equation dynamics, ion diffusion, charge transfer kinetics, and the electron flow inherent impedance should also be included.

Explicit parametric solutions of lattice structures with proper generalized decomposition (PGD) - Applications to the design of 3D-printed architectured materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sibileau, Alberto; Auricchio, Ferdinando; Morganti, Simone; Díez, Pedro

2018-01-01

Architectured materials (or metamaterials) are constituted by a unit-cell with a complex structural design repeated periodically forming a bulk material with emergent mechanical properties. One may obtain specific macro-scale (or bulk) properties in the resulting architectured material by properly designing the unit-cell. Typically, this is stated as an optimal design problem in which the parameters describing the shape and mechanical properties of the unit-cell are selected in order to produce the desired bulk characteristics. This is especially pertinent due to the ease manufacturing of these complex structures with 3D printers. The proper generalized decomposition provides explicit parametic solutions of parametric PDEs. Here, the same ideas are used to obtain parametric solutions of the algebraic equations arising from lattice structural models. Once the explicit parametric solution is available, the optimal design problem is a simple post-process. The same strategy is applied in the numerical illustrations, first to a unit-cell (and then homogenized with periodicity conditions), and in a second phase to the complete structure of a lattice material specimen.

Flume experimentation and simulation of bedrock channel processes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thompson, Douglas; Wohl, Ellen

Flume experiments can provide cost effective, physically manageable miniature representations of complex bedrock channels. The inherent change in scale in such experiments requires a corresponding change in the scale of the forces represented in the flume system. Three modeling approaches have been developed that either ignore the scaling effects, utilize the change in scaled forces, or assume similarity of process between scales. An understanding of the nonlinear influence of a change in scale on all the forces involved is important to correctly analyze model results. Similarly, proper design and operation of flume experiments requires knowledge of the fundamental components of flume systems. Entrance and exit regions of the flume are used to provide good experimental conditions in the measurement region of the flume where data are collected. To insure reproducibility, large-scale turbulence must be removed in the head of the flume and velocity profiles must become fully developed in the entrance region. Water-surface slope and flow acceleration effects from downstream water-depth control must also be isolated in the exit region. Statistical design and development of representative channel substrate also influence model results in these systems. With proper experimental design, flumes may be used to investigate bedrock channel hydraulics, sediment-transport relations, and morphologic evolution. In particular, researchers have successfully used flume experiments to demonstrate the importance of turbulence and substrate characteristics in bedrock channel evolution. Turbulence often operates in a self perpetuating fashion, can erode bedrock walls with clear water and increase the mobility of sediment particles. Bedrock substrate influences channel evolution by offering varying resistance to erosion, controlling the location or type of incision and modifying the local influence of turbulence. An increased usage of scaled flume models may help to clarify the remaining uncertainties involving turbulence, channel substrate and bedrock channel evolution.

Selection of physiological parameters for optoelectronic system supporting behavioral therapy of autistic children

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landowska, A.; Karpienko, K.; Wróbel, M.; Jedrzejewska-Szczerska, M.

2014-11-01

In this article the procedure of selection of physiological parameters for optoelectronic system supporting behavioral therapy of autistic children is proposed. Authors designed and conducted an experiment in which a group of 30 health volunteers (16 females and 14 males) were examined. Under controlled conditions people were exposed to a stressful situation caused by the picture or sound (1kHz constant sound, which was gradually silenced and finished with a shot sound). For each of volunteers, a set of physiological parameters were recorded, including: skin conductance, heart rate, peripheral temperature, respiration rate and electromyography. The selected characteristics were measured in different locations in order to choose the most suitable one for the designed therapy supporting system. The bio-statistical analysis allowed us to discern the proper physiological parameters that are most associated to changes due to emotional state of a patient, such as: skin conductance, temperatures and respiration rate. This allowed us to design optoelectronic sensors network for supporting behavioral therapy of children with autism.

Design of a collective scattering system for small scale turbulence study in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, W., E-mail: woochanglee@unist.ac.kr; Lee, D. J.; Park, H. K.

The design characteristics of a multi-channel collective (or coherent) scattering system for small scale turbulence study in Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR), which is planned to be installed in 2017, are given in this paper. A few critical issues are discussed in depth such as the Faraday and Cotton-Mouton effects on the beam polarization, radial spatial resolution, probe beam frequency, polarization, and power. A proper and feasible optics with the 300 GHz probe beam, which was designed based on these issues, provides a simultaneous measurement of electron density fluctuations at four discrete poloidal wavenumbers up to 24 cm{sup −1}.more » The upper limit corresponds to the normalized wavenumber k{sub θ}ρ{sub e} of ∼0.15 in nominal KSTAR plasmas. To detect the scattered beam power and extract phase information, a quadrature detection system consisting of four-channel antenna/detector array and electronics will be employed.« less

Feasibility of Energy-Autonomous Wireless Microsensors for Biomedical Applications: Powering and Communication.

PubMed

Goodarzy, Farhad; Skafidas, Efstratios Stan; Gambini, Simone

2015-01-01

In this review, biomedical-related wireless miniature devices such as implantable medical devices, neural prostheses, embedded neural systems, and body area network systems are investigated and categorized. The two main subsystems of such designs, the RF subsystem and the energy source subsystem, are studied in detail. Different application classes are considered separately, focusing on their specific data rate and size characteristics. Also, the energy consumption of state-of-the-art communication practices is compared to the energy that can be generated by current energy scavenging devices, highlighting gaps and opportunities. The RF subsystem is classified, and the suitable architecture for each category of applications is highlighted. Finally, a new figure of merit suitable for wireless biomedical applications is introduced to measure the performance of these devices and assist the designer in selecting the proper system for the required application. This figure of merit can effectively fill the gap of a much required method for comparing different techniques in simulation stage before a final design is chosen for implementation.

A fiber-compatible spectrally encoded imaging system using a 45° tilted fiber grating

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Guoqing; Wang, Chao; Yan, Zhijun; Zhang, Lin

2016-04-01

We propose and demonstrate, for the first time to our best knowledge, the use of a 45° tilted fiber grating (TFG) as an infiber lateral diffraction element in an efficient and fiber-compatible spectrally encoded imaging (SEI) system. Under proper polarization control, the TFG has significantly enhanced diffraction efficiency (93.5%) due to strong tilted reflection. Our conceptually new fiber-topics-based design eliminates the need for bulky and lossy free-space diffraction gratings, significantly reduces the volume and cost of the imaging system, improves energy efficiency, and increases system stability. As a proof-of-principle experiment, we use the proposed system to perform an one dimensional (1D) line scan imaging of a customer-designed three-slot sample and the results show that the constructed image matches well with the actual sample. The angular dispersion of the 45° TFG is measured to be 0.054°/nm and the lateral resolution of the SEI system is measured to be 28 μm in our experiment.

Analysis of edge density fluctuation measured by trial KSTAR beam emission spectroscopy systema)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nam, Y. U.; Zoletnik, S.; Lampert, M.; Kovácsik, Á.

2012-10-01

A beam emission spectroscopy (BES) system based on direct imaging avalanche photodiode (APD) camera has been designed for Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advanced Research (KSTAR) and a trial system has been constructed and installed for evaluating feasibility of the design. The system contains two cameras, one is an APD camera for BES measurement and another is a fast visible camera for position calibration. Two pneumatically actuated mirrors were positioned at front and rear of lens optics. The front mirror can switch the measurement between edge and core region of plasma and the rear mirror can switch between the APD and the visible camera. All systems worked properly and the measured photon flux was reasonable as expected from the simulation. While the measurement data from the trial system were limited, it revealed some interesting characteristics of KSTAR plasma suggesting future research works with fully installed BES system. The analysis result and the development plan will be presented in this paper.

SDRE controller for motion design of cable-suspended robot with uncertainties and moving obstacles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behboodi, Ahad; Salehi, Seyedmohammad

2017-10-01

In this paper an optimal control approach for nonlinear dynamical systems was proposed based on State Dependent Riccati Equation (SDRE) and its robustness against uncertainties is shown by simulation results. The proposed method was applied on a spatial six-cable suspended robot, which was designed to carry loads or perform different tasks in huge workspaces. Motion planning for cable-suspended robots in such a big workspace is subjected to uncertainties and obstacles. First, we emphasized the ability of SDRE to construct a systematic basis and efficient design of controller for wide variety of nonlinear dynamical systems. Then we showed how this systematic design improved the robustness of the system and facilitated the integration of motion planning techniques with the controller. In particular, obstacle avoidance technique based on artificial potential field (APF) can be easily combined with SDRE controller with efficient performance. Due to difficulties of exact solution for SDRE, an approximation method was used based on power series expansion. The efficiency and robustness of the SDRE controller was illustrated on a six-cable suspended robot with proper simulations.

Modeling and Simulation of the Second-Generation Orion Crew Module Air Bag Landing System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Timmers, Richard B.; Welch, Joseph V.; Hardy, Robin C.

2009-01-01

Air bags were evaluated as the landing attenuation system for earth landing of the Orion Crew Module (CM). An important element of the air bag system design process is proper modeling of the proposed configuration to determine if the resulting performance meets requirements. Analysis conducted to date shows that airbags are capable of providing a graceful landing of the CM in nominal and off-nominal conditions such as parachute failure, high horizontal winds, and unfavorable vehicle/ground angle combinations. The efforts presented here surround a second generation of the airbag design developed by ILC Dover, and is based on previous design, analysis, and testing efforts. In order to fully evaluate the second generation air bag design and correlate the dynamic simulations, a series of drop tests were carried out at NASA Langley's Landing and Impact Research (LandIR) facility. The tests consisted of a full-scale set of air bags attached to a full-scale test article representing the Orion Crew Module. The techniques used to collect experimental data, construct the simulations, and make comparisons to experimental data are discussed.

40 CFR 60.36e - Inspection guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... bypass stack components; (xvi) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed systems and any...) for proper operation, if applicable; (ii) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed...

40 CFR 60.36e - Inspection guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... bypass stack components; (xvi) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed systems and any...) for proper operation, if applicable; (ii) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed...

40 CFR 60.36e - Inspection guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... bypass stack components; (xvi) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed systems and any...) for proper operation, if applicable; (ii) Ensure proper calibration of thermocouples, sorbent feed...

E-ELT requirements management

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schneller, D.

2014-08-01

The E-ELT has completed its design phase and is now entering construction. ESO is acting as prime contractor and usually procures subsystems, including their design, from industry. This, in turn, leads to a large number of requirements, whose validity, consistency and conformity with user needs requires extensive management. Therefore E-ELT Systems Engineering has chosen to follow a systematic approach, based on a reasoned requirement architecture that follows the product breakdown structure of the observatory. The challenge ahead is the controlled flow-down of science user needs into engineering requirements, requirement specifications and system design documents. This paper shows how the E-ELT project manages this. The project has adopted IBM DOORTM as a supporting requirements management tool. This paper deals with emerging problems and pictures potential solutions. It shows trade-offs made to reach a proper balance between the effort put in this activity and potential overheads, and the benefit for the project.

Designing Class Methods from Dataflow Diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shoval, Peretz; Kabeli-Shani, Judith

A method for designing the class methods of an information system is described. The method is part of FOOM - Functional and Object-Oriented Methodology. In the analysis phase of FOOM, two models defining the users' requirements are created: a conceptual data model - an initial class diagram; and a functional model - hierarchical OO-DFDs (object-oriented dataflow diagrams). Based on these models, a well-defined process of methods design is applied. First, the OO-DFDs are converted into transactions, i.e., system processes that supports user task. The components and the process logic of each transaction are described in detail, using pseudocode. Then, each transaction is decomposed, according to well-defined rules, into class methods of various types: basic methods, application-specific methods and main transaction (control) methods. Each method is attached to a proper class; messages between methods express the process logic of each transaction. The methods are defined using pseudocode or message charts.

Grid-connected in-stream hydroelectric generation based on the doubly fed induction machine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenberg, Timothy J.

Within the United States, there is a growing demand for new environmentally friendly power generation. This has led to a surge in wind turbine development. Unfortunately, wind is not a stable prime mover, but water is. Why not apply the advances made for wind to in-stream hydroelectric generation? One important advancement is the creation of the Doubly Fed Induction Machine (DFIM). This thesis covers the application of a gearless DFIM topology for hydrokinetic generation. After providing background, this thesis presents many of the options available for the mechanical portion of the design. A mechanical turbine is then specified. Next, a method is presented for designing a DFIM including the actual design for this application. In Chapter 4, a simulation model of the system is presented, complete with a control system that maximizes power generation based on water speed. This section then goes on to present simulation results demonstrating proper operation.

Base Station Activation and Linear Transceiver Design for Optimal Resource Management in Heterogeneous Networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liao, Wei-Cheng; Hong, Mingyi; Liu, Ya-Feng; Luo, Zhi-Quan

2014-08-01

In a densely deployed heterogeneous network (HetNet), the number of pico/micro base stations (BS) can be comparable with the number of the users. To reduce the operational overhead of the HetNet, proper identification of the set of serving BSs becomes an important design issue. In this work, we show that by jointly optimizing the transceivers and determining the active set of BSs, high system resource utilization can be achieved with only a small number of BSs. In particular, we provide formulations and efficient algorithms for such joint optimization problem, under the following two common design criteria: i) minimization of the total power consumption at the BSs, and ii) maximization of the system spectrum efficiency. In both cases, we introduce a nonsmooth regularizer to facilitate the activation of the most appropriate BSs. We illustrate the efficiency and the efficacy of the proposed algorithms via extensive numerical simulations.

Aerodynamic design of gas and aerosol samplers for aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soderman, Paul T.; Hazen, Nathan L.; Brune, William H.

1991-01-01

The aerodynamic design of airborne probes for the capture of air and aerosols is discussed. Emphasis is placed on the key parameters that affect proper sampling, such as inlet-lip design, internal duct components for low pressure drop, and exhaust geometry. Inlet designs that avoid sonic flow conditions on the lip and flow separation in the duct are shown. Cross-stream velocities of aerosols are expressed in terms of droplet density and diameter. Flow curvature, which can cause aerosols to cross streamlines and impact on probe walls, can be minimized by means of a proper inlet shape and proper probe orientation, and by avoiding bends upstream of the test section. A NASA panel code called PMARC was used successfully to compute streamlines around aircraft and probes, as well as to compute to local velocity and pressure distributions in inlets. A NACA 1-series inlet with modified lip radius was used for the airborne capture of stratospheric chlorine monoxide at high altitude and high flight speed. The device has a two-stage inlet that decelerates the inflow with little disturbance to the flow through the test section. Diffuser design, exhaust hood design, valve loss, and corner vane geometry are discussed.

Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Testbed (ADAPT) Testability Analysis Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ossenfort, John

2008-01-01

As system designs become more complex, determining the best locations to add sensors and test points for the purpose of testing and monitoring these designs becomes more difficult. Not only must the designer take into consideration all real and potential faults of the system, he or she must also find efficient ways of detecting and isolating those faults. Because sensors and cabling take up valuable space and weight on a system, and given constraints on bandwidth and power, it is even more difficult to add sensors into these complex designs after the design has been completed. As a result, a number of software tools have been developed to assist the system designer in proper placement of these sensors during the system design phase of a project. One of the key functions provided by many of these software programs is a testability analysis of the system essentially an evaluation of how observable the system behavior is using available tests. During the design phase, testability metrics can help guide the designer in improving the inherent testability of the design. This may include adding, removing, or modifying tests; breaking up feedback loops, or changing the system to reduce fault propagation. Given a set of test requirements, the analysis can also help to verify that the system will meet those requirements. Of course, a testability analysis requires that a software model of the physical system is available. For the analysis to be most effective in guiding system design, this model should ideally be constructed in parallel with these efforts. The purpose of this paper is to present the final testability results of the Advanced Diagnostic and Prognostic Testbed (ADAPT) after the system model was completed. The tool chosen to build the model and to perform the testability analysis with is the Testability Engineering and Maintenance System Designer (TEAMS-Designer). The TEAMS toolset is intended to be a solution to span all phases of the system, from design and development through health management and maintenance. TEAMS-Designer is the model-building and testability analysis software in that suite.

Optimizing RF gun cavity geometry within an automated injector design system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alicia Hofler ,Pavel Evtushenko

2011-03-28

RF guns play an integral role in the success of several light sources around the world, and properly designed and optimized cw superconducting RF (SRF) guns can provide a path to higher average brightness. As the need for these guns grows, it is important to have automated optimization software tools that vary the geometry of the gun cavity as part of the injector design process. This will allow designers to improve existing designs for present installations, extend the utility of these guns to other applications, and develop new designs. An evolutionary algorithm (EA) based system can provide this capability becausemore » EAs can search in parallel a large parameter space (often non-linear) and in a relatively short time identify promising regions of the space for more careful consideration. The injector designer can then evaluate more cavity design parameters during the injector optimization process against the beam performance requirements of the injector. This paper will describe an extension to the APISA software that allows the cavity geometry to be modified as part of the injector optimization and provide examples of its application to existing RF and SRF gun designs.« less

Design of Neural Networks for Fast Convergence and Accuracy: Dynamics and Control

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maghami, Peiman G.; Sparks, Dean W., Jr.

1997-01-01

A procedure for the design and training of artificial neural networks, used for rapid and efficient controls and dynamics design and analysis for flexible space systems, has been developed. Artificial neural networks are employed, such that once properly trained, they provide a means of evaluating the impact of design changes rapidly. Specifically, two-layer feedforward neural networks are designed to approximate the functional relationship between the component/spacecraft design changes and measures of its performance or nonlinear dynamics of the system/components. A training algorithm, based on statistical sampling theory, is presented, which guarantees that the trained networks provide a designer-specified degree of accuracy in mapping the functional relationship. Within each iteration of this statistical-based algorithm, a sequential design algorithm is used for the design and training of the feedforward network to provide rapid convergence to the network goals. Here, at each sequence a new network is trained to minimize the error of previous network. The proposed method should work for applications wherein an arbitrary large source of training data can be generated. Two numerical examples are performed on a spacecraft application in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Design of neural networks for fast convergence and accuracy: dynamics and control.

PubMed

Maghami, P G; Sparks, D R

2000-01-01

A procedure for the design and training of artificial neural networks, used for rapid and efficient controls and dynamics design and analysis for flexible space systems, has been developed. Artificial neural networks are employed, such that once properly trained, they provide a means of evaluating the impact of design changes rapidly. Specifically, two-layer feedforward neural networks are designed to approximate the functional relationship between the component/spacecraft design changes and measures of its performance or nonlinear dynamics of the system/components. A training algorithm, based on statistical sampling theory, is presented, which guarantees that the trained networks provide a designer-specified degree of accuracy in mapping the functional relationship. Within each iteration of this statistical-based algorithm, a sequential design algorithm is used for the design and training of the feedforward network to provide rapid convergence to the network goals. Here, at each sequence a new network is trained to minimize the error of previous network. The proposed method should work for applications wherein an arbitrary large source of training data can be generated. Two numerical examples are performed on a spacecraft application in order to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach.

Design Considerations for a Launch Vehicle Development Flight Instrumentation System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Martin L.; Crawford, Kevin

2011-01-01

When embarking into the design of a new launch vehicle, engineering models of expected vehicle performance are always generated. While many models are well established and understood, some models contain design features that are only marginally known. Unfortunately, these analytical models produce uncertainties in design margins. The best way to answer these analytical issues is with vehicle level testing. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration respond to these uncertainties by using a vehicle level system called the Development Flight Instrumentation, or DFI. This DFI system can be simple to implement, with only a few measurements, or it may be a sophisticated system with hundreds of measurement and video, without a recording capability. From experience with DFI systems, DFI never goes away. The system is renamed and allowed to continue, in most cases. Proper system design can aid the transition to future data requirements. This paper will discuss design features that need to be considered when developing a DFI system for a launch vehicle. It will briefly review the data acquisition units, sensors, multiplexers and recorders, telemetry components and harnessing. It will present a reasonable set of requirements which should be implemented in the beginning of the program in order to start the design. It will discuss a simplistic DFI architecture that could be the basis for the next NASA launch vehicle. This will be followed by a discussion of the "experiences gained" from a past DFI system implementation, such as the very successful Ares I-X test flight. Application of these design considerations may not work for every situation, but they may direct a path toward success or at least make one pause and ask the right questions.

GnoSys: Raising the Level of Discourse in Programming

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-01

slotting these results into their proper place in the unified whole is still ongoing as of the date of this final report. Approved for Public Release...static restrictions we place on type systems; they can be any computable property. This is in keep- ing with the general design philosophy of GnoSys...different languages. Because contracts are frequently placed on module boundaries, they ease the burden placed on our analysis and verification tools

Scramjet nozzle design and analysis as applied to a highly integrated hypersonic research airplane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Small, W. J.; Weidner, J. P.; Johnston, P. J.

1976-01-01

Engine-nozzle airframe integration at hypersonic speeds was conducted by using a high-speed research aircraft concept as a focus. Recently developed techniques for analysis of scramjet-nozzle exhaust flows provide a realistic analysis of complex forces resulting from the engine-nozzle airframe coupling. By properly integrating the engine-nozzle propulsive system with the airframe, efficient, controlled and stable flight results over a wide speed range.

Parallel resonant converter with LLC-type commutation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, C. Q.; Liu, Rui; Batarseh, Issa

1989-11-01

It is shown that by using a proper transformation of state variables, the third-order system of the parallel resonant converter (PRC) with LLC-type commutation can be analyzed by means of a two-dimensional state-plane diagram. A set of characteristic curves which can be used for the converter design is derived from the analysis. It is shown from these curves that the converter possesses more desirable features than the conventional PRC.

Translations on Environmental Quality, Number 148

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-10-03

Article 9. Designs for gas filtering installations must include the proper control and automation facilities as per articles 16 and 17. Article 10...mandatorily equipped with: 1. Locking armature at the gas entrance and exit with manual or remote control flanges for the installation of end-caps in...instruments shall be mounted on the control panel of the gas filtering system or the control panel for the technological process. Article 17. (1) The gas

Reference set design for relational modeling of fuzzy systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lapohos, Tibor; Buchal, Ralph O.

1994-10-01

One of the keys to the successful relational modeling of fuzzy systems is the proper design of fuzzy reference sets. This has been discussed throughout the literature. In the frame of modeling a stochastic system, we analyze the problem numerically. First, we briefly describe the relational model and present the performance of the modeling in the most trivial case: the reference sets are triangle shaped. Next, we present a known fuzzy reference set generator algorithm (FRSGA) which is based on the fuzzy c-means (Fc-M) clustering algorithm. In the second section of this chapter we improve the previous FRSGA by adding a constraint to the Fc-M algorithm (modified Fc-M or MFc-M): two cluster centers are forced to coincide with the domain limits. This is needed to obtain properly shaped extreme linguistic reference values. We apply this algorithm to uniformly discretized domains of the variables involved. The fuzziness of the reference sets produced by both Fc-M and MFc-M is determined by a parameter, which in our experiments is modified iteratively. Each time, a new model is created and its performance analyzed. For certain algorithm parameter values both of these two algorithms have shortcomings. To eliminate the drawbacks of these two approaches, we develop a completely new generator algorithm for reference sets which we call Polyline. This algorithm and its performance are described in the last section. In all three cases, the modeling is performed for a variety of operators used in the inference engine and two defuzzification methods. Therefore our results depend neither on the system model order nor the experimental setup.

The Stem Cell Laboratory: Design, Equipment, and Oversight

PubMed Central

Wesselschmidt, Robin L.; Schwartz, Philip H.

2013-01-01

This chapter describes some of the major issues to be considered when setting up a laboratory for the culture of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). The process of establishing a hPSC laboratory can be divided into two equally important parts. One is completely administrative and includes developing protocols, seeking approval, and establishing reporting processes and documentation. The other part of establishing a hPSC laboratory involves the physical plant and includes design, equipment and personnel. Proper planning of laboratory operations and proper design of the physical layout of the stem cell laboratory so that meets the scope of planned operations is a major undertaking, but the time spent upfront will pay long-term returns in operational efficiency and effectiveness. A well-planned, organized, and properly equipped laboratory supports research activities by increasing efficiency and reducing lost time and wasted resources. PMID:21822863

Application of computational fluid dynamics for the simulation of cryogenic molecular sieve bed absorber of hydrogen isotopes recovery system for Indian LLCB-TBM

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gayathri Devi, V.; Sircar, A.; Sarkar, B.

One of the most challenging tasks in the design of the fuel cycle system lies in the effective design of Tritium Extraction System (TES) which involves proper extraction and purification of tritium in the fuel cycle of the fusion reactor. Indian Lead Lithium cooled Ceramic Breeder Test Blanket Module (LLCB-TBM) would extract hydrogen isotopes through Cryogenic Molecular Sieve Bed (CMSB) adsorber system. A prototype Hydrogen Isotopes Recovery System (HIRS) is being developed to validate the concepts for tritium extraction by adsorption mass transfer mechanism. In this study, a design model has been developed and analyzed to simulate the adsorption massmore » transfer kinetics in a fixed bed adsorption column. The simulation leads primarily to effective design of HIRS, which is a state-of-the-art technology. The paper describes the process simulation approach and the results of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) analysis. The effects of different operating conditions are studied to investigate their influence on the hydrogen isotopes adsorption capacity. The results of the present simulation study would be used to understand the best optimized transport phenomenon before realizing the TES as a system for LLCB-TBM. (authors)« less

Oxygen Compatibility Assessment of Components and Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoltzfus, Joel; Sparks, Kyle

2010-01-01

Fire hazards are inherent in oxygen systems and a storied history of fires in rocket engine propulsion components exists. To detect and mitigate these fire hazards requires careful, detailed, and thorough analyses applied during the design process. The oxygen compatibility assessment (OCA) process designed by NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) can be used to determine the presence of fire hazards in oxygen systems and the likelihood of a fire. This process may be used as both a design guide and during the approval process to ensure proper design features and material selection. The procedure for performing an OCA is a structured step-by-step process to determine the most severe operating conditions; assess the flammability of the system materials at the use conditions; evaluate the presence and efficacy of ignition mechanisms; assess the potential for a fire to breach the system; and determine the reaction effect (the potential loss of life, mission, and system functionality as the result of a fire). This process should be performed for each component in a system. The results of each component assessment, and the overall system assessment, should be recorded in a report that can be used in the short term to communicate hazards and their mitigation and to aid in system/component development and, in the long term, to solve anomalies that occur during engine testing and operation.

Powersail High Power Propulsion System Design Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gulczinski, Frank S., III

2000-11-01

A desire by the United States Air Force to exploit the space environment has led to a need for increased on-orbit electrical power availability. To enable this, the Air Force Research Laboratory Space Vehicles Directorate (AFRL/ VS) is developing Powersail: a two-phased program to demonstrate high power (100 kW to 1 MW) capability in space using a deployable, flexible solar array connected to the host spacecraft using a slack umbilical. The first phase will be a proof-of-concept demonstration at 50 kW, followed by the second phase, an operational system at full power. In support of this program, the AFRL propulsion Directorate's Spacecraft Propulsion Branch (AFRL/PRS ) at Edwards AFB has commissioned a design study of the Powersail High Power Propulsion System. The purpose of this study, the results of which are summarized in this paper, is to perform mission and design trades to identify potential full-power applications (both near-Earth and interplanetary) and the corresponding propulsion system requirements and design. The design study shall farther identify a suitable low power demonstration flight that maximizes risk reduction for the fully operational system. This propulsion system is expected to be threefold: (1) primary propulsion for moving the entire vehicle, (2) a propulsion unit that maintains the solar array position relative to the host spacecraft, and (3) control propulsion for maintaining proper orientation for the flexible solar array.

A new UKIDSS proper motion survey and key early results, including new benchmark systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, L.; Lucas, P.; Burningham, B.; Jones, H.; Pinfield, D.; Smart, R.; Andrei, A.

We present a proper motion catalogue for the 1500 deg2 of 2 epoch J-band UKIDSS Large Area Survey (LAS) data, which includes 120,000 stellar sources with motions detected above the 5sigma level. Our upper limit on proper motion detection is 3\\farcs3 yr-1 and typical uncertainties are of order 10 mas yr-1 for bright sources from data with a modest 1.8-7.0 year epoch baseline. We developed a bespoke proper motion pipeline which applies a source-unique second order polynomial transformation to UKIDSS array coordinates to counter potential local non-uniformity in the focal plane. Our catalogue agrees well with the proper motion data supplied in the current WFCAM Science Archive (WSA) tenth data release (DR10) catalogue where there is overlap, and in various optical catalogues, but it benefits from some improvements, such as a larger matching radius and relative to absolute proper motion correction. We present proper motion results for 128 T dwarfs in the UKIDSS LAS and key early results of projects utilising our catalogue, in particular searches for brown dwarf benchmark systems through cross matches with existing proper motion catalogues. We report the discovery of two new T dwarf benchmark systems.

Experimental Investigation on Design Enhancement of Axial Fan Using Fixed Guide Vane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Munisamy, K. M.; Govindasamy, R.; Thangaraju, S. K.

2015-09-01

Airflow passes through the rotating blade in an axial flow fan will experience a helical flow pattern. This swirling effect leads the system to experience swirl energy losses or pressure drop yet reducing the total efficiency of the fan system. A robust tool to encounter this air spin past the blade is by introducing guide vane to the system. Owing to its importance, a new approach in designing outlet guide vane design for a commercial usage 1250mm diameter axial fan with a 30° pitch angle impeller has been introduced in this paper. A single line metal of proper curvature guide vane design technique has been adopted for this study. By choosing fan total efficiency as a target variable to be improved, the total and static pressure on the design point were set to be constraints. Therefore, the guide vane design was done based on the improvement target on the static pressure in system. The research shows that, with the improvement in static pressure by 29.63% through guide vane installation, the total fan efficiency is increased by 5.12%, thus reduces the fan power by 5.32%. Good agreement were found, that when the fan total efficiency increases, the power consumption of the fan is reduced. Therefore, this new approach of guide vane design can be applied to improve axial fan performance.

Blowout Monitor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

C Language Integrated Production System (CLIPS), a NASA-developed software shell for developing expert systems, has been embedded in a PC-based expert system for training oil rig personnel in monitoring oil drilling. Oil drilling rigs if not properly maintained for possible blowouts pose hazards to human life, property and the environment may be destroyed. CLIPS is designed to permit the delivery of artificial intelligence on computer. A collection of rules is set up and, as facts become known, these rules are applied. In the Well Site Advisor, CLIPS provides the capability to accurately process, predict and interpret well data in a real time mode. CLIPS was provided to INTEQ by COSMIC.

Automatic brightness control of laser spot vision inspection system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Yang; Zhang, Zhaoxia; Chen, Xiaodong; Yu, Daoyin

2009-10-01

The laser spot detection system aims to locate the center of the laser spot after long-distance transmission. The accuracy of positioning laser spot center depends very much on the system's ability to control brightness. In this paper, an automatic brightness control system with high-performance is designed using the device of FPGA. The brightness is controlled by combination of auto aperture (video driver) and adaptive exposure algorithm, and clear images with proper exposure are obtained under different conditions of illumination. Automatic brightness control system creates favorable conditions for positioning of the laser spot center later, and experiment results illuminate the measurement accuracy of the system has been effectively guaranteed. The average error of the spot center is within 0.5mm.

Practical Considerations for Using Constant Force Springs in Space-Based Mechanisms

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, R. Brett; Fisher, Charles D.; Gallon, John C.

2013-01-01

Mechanical springs are a common element in mechanism from all walks of life; cars, watches, appliances, and many others. These springs generally exhibit a linear relationship between force and deflection. In small mechanisms, deflections are small so the variation in spring force between one position and another are generally small and do not influence the design or functionality of the device. However, as the spacecraft industry drives towards larger, deployable satellites, the distances a spring or springs must function over can become considerable so much so that the structural integrity of the device may be impacted. As such, an increasingly common mechanism element is the constant force spring- one that provides a constant force regardless of deflection. These elements are commonly in the conceptual design phase to deal with system-level large deflections, but in the detailed design or integration test phase they can pose significant implementation issues. This article addresses some of the detailed issues in order for these constant force springs to be properly designed into space systems.

Investigation and Manipulation of Different Analog Behaviors of Memristor as Electronic Synapse for Neuromorphic Applications.

PubMed

Wang, Changhong; He, Wei; Tong, Yi; Zhao, Rong

2016-03-14

Low-power and high-density electronic synapse is an important building block of brain-inspired systems. The recent advancement in memristor has provided an opportunity to advance electronic synapse design. However, a guideline on designing and manipulating the memristor's analog behaviors is still lacking. In this work, we reveal that compliance current (Icomp) of electroforming process played an important role in realizing a stable analog behavior, which is attributed to the generation of conical-type conductive filament. A proper Icomp could result in a large conductance window, good stability, and low voltage analog switching. We further reveal that different pulse conditions can lead to three analog behaviors, where the conductance changes in monotonic increase, plateau after initial jump, and impulse-like shape, respectively. These behaviors could benefit the design of electronic synapse with enriched learning capabilities. This work will provide a useful guideline for designing and manipulating memristor as electronic synapses for brain-inspired systems.

Investigation and Manipulation of Different Analog Behaviors of Memristor as Electronic Synapse for Neuromorphic Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Changhong; He, Wei; Tong, Yi; Zhao, Rong

2016-03-01

Low-power and high-density electronic synapse is an important building block of brain-inspired systems. The recent advancement in memristor has provided an opportunity to advance electronic synapse design. However, a guideline on designing and manipulating the memristor’s analog behaviors is still lacking. In this work, we reveal that compliance current (Icomp) of electroforming process played an important role in realizing a stable analog behavior, which is attributed to the generation of conical-type conductive filament. A proper Icomp could result in a large conductance window, good stability, and low voltage analog switching. We further reveal that different pulse conditions can lead to three analog behaviors, where the conductance changes in monotonic increase, plateau after initial jump, and impulse-like shape, respectively. These behaviors could benefit the design of electronic synapse with enriched learning capabilities. This work will provide a useful guideline for designing and manipulating memristor as electronic synapses for brain-inspired systems.

Theory and simulation of DNA-coated colloids: a guide for rational design.

PubMed

Angioletti-Uberti, Stefano; Mognetti, Bortolo M; Frenkel, Daan

2016-03-07

By exploiting the exquisite selectivity of DNA hybridization, DNA-coated colloids (DNACCs) can be made to self-assemble in a wide variety of structures. The beauty of this system stems largely from its exceptional versatility and from the fact that a proper choice of the grafted DNA sequences yields fine control over the colloidal interactions. Theory and simulations have an important role to play in the optimal design of self assembling DNACCs. At present, the powerful model-based design tools are not widely used, because the theoretical literature is fragmented and the connection between different theories is often not evident. In this Perspective, we aim to discuss the similarities and differences between the different models that have been described in the literature, their underlying assumptions, their strengths and their weaknesses. Using the tools described in the present Review, it should be possible to move towards a more rational design of novel self-assembling structures of DNACCs and, more generally, of systems where ligand-receptor are used to control interactions.

Solar Electric Propulsion Vehicle Design Study for Cargo Transfer to Earth-moon L1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sarver-Verhey, Timothy R.; Kerslake, Thomas W.; Rawlin, Vincent K.; Falck, Robert D.; Dudzinski, Leonard J.; Oleson, Steven R.

2002-01-01

A design study for a cargo transfer vehicle using solar electric propulsion was performed for NASA's Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts program. Targeted for 2016, the solar electric propulsion (SEP) transfer vehicle is required to deliver a propellant supply module with a mass of approximately 36 metric tons from Low Earth Orbit to the first Earth-Moon libration point (LL1) within 270 days. Following an examination of propulsion and power technology options, a SEP transfer vehicle design was selected that incorporated large-area (approx. 2700 sq m) thin film solar arrays and a clustered engine configuration of eight 50 kW gridded ion thrusters mounted on an articulated boom. Refinement of the SEP vehicle design was performed iteratively to properly estimate the required xenon propellant load for the out-bound orbit transfer. The SEP vehicle performance, including the xenon propellant estimation, was verified via the SNAP trajectory code. Further efforts are underway to extend this system model to other orbit transfer missions.

Design Process-System and Methodology of Design Research

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bashier, Fathi

2017-10-01

Studies have recognized the failure of the traditional design approach both in practice and in the studio. They showed that design problems today are too complex for the traditional approach to cope with and reflected a new interest in a better quality design services in order to meet the challenges of our time. In the mid-1970s and early 1980s, there has been a significant shift in focus within the field of design research towards the aim of creating a ‘design discipline’. The problem, as will be discussed, is the lack of an integrated theory of design knowledge that can explicitly describe the design process in a coherent way. As a consequence, the traditional approach fails to operate systematically, in a disciplinary manner. Addressing this problem is the primary goal of the research study in the design process currently being conducted in the research-based master studio at Wollega University, Ethiopia. The research study seeks to make a contribution towards a disciplinary approach, through proper understanding the mechanism of knowledge development within design process systems. This is the task of the ‘theory of design knowledge’. In this article the research project is introduced, and a model of the design process-system is developed in the studio as a research plan and a tool of design research at the same time. Based on data drawn from students’ research projects, the theory of design knowledge is developed and empirically verified through the research project.

Start-up and Self-sustain Test of 500 W Ultra-Micro Gas Turbine Generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seo, Jeong Min; Park, Jun Young; Seog Choi, Bum

2013-12-01

This paper provides the performance test for start-up and self-sustaining of 500W ultra-micro gas turbine (UMGT) generator. Each component of UMGT, a centrifugal compressor, a radial turbine, an annular combustor and a shaft is already designed, manufactured and tested to meet design requirements in previous researches. However, they are not tested to work in an integrate system. Currently, integrated test unit with a compressor, a combustor and a turbine, is developed to find the proper condition of start-up and self-sustain. Ignition sequence depending on rotating speed is designed. Performance test for start-up and self-sustain is designed based on the ignition possible condition. An air impingement starter and a hot bulb inginer are applied. LPG is used as main fuel.

Photovoltaic-Powered Vaccine Refrigerator: Freezer Systems Field Test Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ratajczak, A. F.

1985-01-01

A project to develop and field test photovoltaic-powered refrigerator/freezers suitable for vaccine storage was undertaken. Three refrigerator/freezers were qualified; one by Solar Power Corp. and two by Solvolt. Follow-on contracts were awarded for 19 field test systems and for 10 field test systems. A total of 29 systems were installed in 24 countries between October 1981 and October 1984. The project, systems descriptions, installation experiences, performance data for the 22 systems for which field test data was reported, an operational reliability summary, and recommendations relative to system designs and future use of such systems are explained. Performance data indicate that the systems are highly reliable and are capable of maintaining proper vaccine storage temperatures in a wide range of climatological and user environments.

Microclimate landscape design at southern integrated terminal Bandar Tasik Selatan, Kuala Lumpur

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Phin, L. H.; Krisantia, I.

2018-01-01

Bandar Tasik Selatan is the integrated transport terminal has high energy consuming, high carbon emission and poor linkage. However, microclimate can be reduced through landscape design. This paper is a study to achieve energy efficiency and improve microclimate in the urban area. The research area is at Southern integrated terminal Bandar Tasik Selatan Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. It is carried out through a case study and microclimate analyzed using System Modeling method. System modelling using in this research is system energy budget of the microclimate at a site is a balance between the radiant energy supplied and the energy removed by all consumers. The finding indicated the microclimatic components that can be modified through landscape design are solar radiation, wind and precipitation can create thermal comfort, energy efficiency and others benefits.Through this research, provide more green space to achieve energy efficiency and improve microclimate of the site, introducing vertical landscape and proper planting selection to improve air quality, introducing green energy as part of the source of power supply and to promote integration of terminal building and rail systems by unify them using softscape

Design and Implementation of Improved Electronic Load Controller for Self-Excited Induction Generator for Rural Electrification

PubMed Central

Kathirvel, C.; Porkumaran, K.; Jaganathan, S.

2015-01-01

This paper offers an alternative technique, namely, Improved Electronic Load Controller (IELC), which is proposal to improve power quality, maintaining voltage at frequency desired level for rural electrification. The design and development of IELC are considered as microhydroenergy system. The proposed work aims to concentrate on the new schemes for rural electrification with the help of different kinds of hybrid energy systems. The objective of the proposed scheme is to maintain the speed of generation against fluctuating rural demand. The Electronic Load Controller (ELC) is used to connect and disconnect the dump load during the operation of the system, and which absorbs the load when consumer are not in active will enhance the lifestyle of the rural population and improve the living standards. Hydroelectricity is a promising option for electrification of remote villages in India. The conventional methods are not suitable to act as standalone system. Hence, the designing of a proper ELC is essential. The improved electronic load control performance tested with simulation at validated through hardware setup. PMID:26783553

Design and Implementation of Improved Electronic Load Controller for Self-Excited Induction Generator for Rural Electrification.

PubMed

Kathirvel, C; Porkumaran, K; Jaganathan, S

2015-01-01

This paper offers an alternative technique, namely, Improved Electronic Load Controller (IELC), which is proposal to improve power quality, maintaining voltage at frequency desired level for rural electrification. The design and development of IELC are considered as microhydroenergy system. The proposed work aims to concentrate on the new schemes for rural electrification with the help of different kinds of hybrid energy systems. The objective of the proposed scheme is to maintain the speed of generation against fluctuating rural demand. The Electronic Load Controller (ELC) is used to connect and disconnect the dump load during the operation of the system, and which absorbs the load when consumer are not in active will enhance the lifestyle of the rural population and improve the living standards. Hydroelectricity is a promising option for electrification of remote villages in India. The conventional methods are not suitable to act as standalone system. Hence, the designing of a proper ELC is essential. The improved electronic load control performance tested with simulation at validated through hardware setup.

Numerically based design of an orifice plate flowmetering system for human respiratory flow monitoring.

PubMed

Fortuna, A O; Gurd, J R

1999-01-01

During certain medical procedures, it is important to continuously measure the respiratory flow of a patient, as lack of proper ventilation can cause brain damage and ultimately death. The monitoring of the ventilatory condition of a patient is usually performed with the aid of flowmeters. However, water and other secretions present in the expired air can build up and ultimately block a traditional, restriction-based flowmeter; by using an orifice plate flowmeter, such blockages are minimized. This paper describes the design of an orifice plate flowmetering system including, especially, a description of the numerical and computational techniques adopted in order to simulate human respiratory and sinusoidal air flow across various possible designs for the orifice plate flowmeter device. Parallel computation and multigrid techniques were employed in order to reduce execution time. The simulated orifice plate was later built and tested under unsteady sinusoidal flows. Experimental tests show reasonable agreement with the numerical simulation, thereby reinforcing the general hypothesis that computational exploration of the design space is sufficiently accurate to allow designers of such systems to use this in preference to the more traditional, mechanical prototyping techniques.

40 CFR 60.36e - Inspection guidelines.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; (v) Inspect HMIWI door and door gaskets for proper sealing; (vi) Inspect motors for proper operation... applicable; (xiv) Inspect waste heat boiler systems to ensure proper operation, if applicable; (xv) Inspect...

The Design and Analysis of Salmonid Tagging Studies in the Columbia Basin : Volume II: Experiment Salmonid Survival with Combined PIT-CWT Tagging.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Newman, Ken

1997-06-01

Experiment designs to estimate the effect of transportation on survival and return rates of Columbia River system salmonids are discussed along with statistical modeling techniques. Besides transportation, river flow and dam spill are necessary components in the design and analysis otherwise questions as to the effects of reservoir drawdowns and increased dam spill may never be satisfactorily answered. Four criteria for comparing different experiment designs are: (1) feasibility, (2) clarity of results, (3) scope of inference, and (4) time to learn. In this report, alternative designs for conducting experimental manipulations of smolt tagging studies to study effects of river operationsmore » such as flow levels, spill fractions, and transporting outmigrating salmonids around dams in the Columbia River system are presented. The principles of study design discussed in this report have broad implications for the many studies proposed to investigate both smolt and adult survival relationships. The concepts are illustrated for the case of the design and analysis of smolt transportation experiments. The merits of proposed transportation studies should be measured relative to these principles of proper statistical design and analysis.« less

Planning and Design of Seawater Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants Marine Outfalls

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maalouf, S.; Yeh, W. W.

2011-12-01

Increasing demands for water in urban areas and agricultural zones in arid and semi-arid regions have urged planners and regulators to look for alternative renewable water sources. Worldwide, seawater reverse osmosis (SWRO) desalination plants have become an essential supply source for the production of fresh water in such regions. Disposal of their wastes, however, has not been fully and properly addressed. This study presents a strategy for the analysis and design of optimal disposal systems of hypersaline wastes that are generated by SWRO desalination plants. The study evaluates current disposal methods and recommends ways to effectively employ multiport marine outfalls for this purpose. Such outfalls emerged as reliable means for conveying wastes from process plants, to include wastewater treatment and power plants, into the coastal waters. Their proper use, however, in conjunction with SWRO desalination plants is still in its beginning stage, and much work needs to be done to employ them effectively. Therefore, the main objective of this research is to provide design engineers with effective procedures that meet environmental permitting requirements and restrictions, while ascertaining adequate hydrodynamic performance. The study is tested by employing a simulation model and examining its reliability under many parameter perturbation scenarios. This is further extended by providing a solution to the same problem using a heuristic approach.

Composite correlation filter for O-ring detection in stationary colored noise

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassebrook, Laurence G.

2009-04-01

O-rings are regularly replaced in aircraft and if they are not replaced or if they are installed improperly, they can result in catastrophic failure of the aircraft. It is critical that the o-rings be packaged correctly to avoid mistakes made by technicians during routine maintenance. For this reason, fines may be imposed on the o-ring manufacturer if the o-rings are packaged incorrectly. That is, a single o-ring must be packaged and labeled properly. No o-rings or more than one o-ring per package is not acceptable. We present an industrial inspection system based on real-time composite correlation filtering that has successfully solved this problem in spite of opaque paper o-ring packages. We present the system design including the composite filter design.

Orientation-Dependent Exciton-Plasmon Coupling in Embedded Organic/Metal Nanowire Heterostructures.

PubMed

Li, Yong Jun; Hong, Yan; Peng, Qian; Yao, Jiannian; Zhao, Yong Sheng

2017-10-24

The excitation of surface plasmons by optical emitters based on exciton-plasmon coupling is important for plasmonic devices with active optical properties. It has been theoretically demonstrated that the orientation of exciton dipole can significantly influence the coupling strength, yet systematic study of the coupling process in nanostructures is still hindered by the lack of proper material systems. In this work, we have experimentally investigated the orientation-dependent exciton-plasmon coupling in a rationally designed organic/metal nanowire heterostructure system. The heterostructures were prepared by inserting silver nanowires into crystalline organic waveguides during the self-assembly of dye molecules. Structures with different exciton orientations exhibited varying coupling efficiencies. The near-field exciton-plasmon coupling facilitates the design of nanophotonic devices based on the directional surface plasmon polariton propagations.

Adaptation and Re-Use of Spacecraft Power System Models for the Constellation Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hojnicki, Jeffrey S.; Kerslake, Thomas W.; Ayres, Mark; Han, Augustina H.; Adamson, Adrian M.

2008-01-01

NASA's Constellation Program is embarking on a new era of space exploration, returning to the Moon and beyond. The Constellation architecture will consist of a number of new spacecraft elements, including the Orion crew exploration vehicle, the Altair lunar lander, and the Ares family of launch vehicles. Each of these new spacecraft elements will need an electric power system, and those power systems will need to be designed to fulfill unique mission objectives and to survive the unique environments encountered on a lunar exploration mission. As with any new spacecraft power system development, preliminary design work will rely heavily on analysis to select the proper power technologies, size the power system components, and predict the system performance throughout the required mission profile. Constellation projects have the advantage of leveraging power system modeling developments from other recent programs such as the International Space Station (ISS) and the Mars Exploration Program. These programs have developed mature power system modeling tools, which can be quickly modified to meet the unique needs of Constellation, and thus provide a rapid capability for detailed power system modeling that otherwise would not exist.

Real-Time Telemetry System for Monitoring Motion of Ships Based on Inertial Sensors.

PubMed

Núñez, José M; Araújo, Marta G; García-Tuñón, I

2017-04-25

A telemetry system for real-time monitoring of the motions, position, speed and course of a ship at sea is presented in this work. The system, conceived as a subsystem of a radar cross-section measurement unit, could also be used in other applications as ships dynamics characterization, on-board cranes, antenna stabilizers, etc. This system was designed to be stand-alone, reliable, easy to deploy, low-cost and free of requirements related to stabilization procedures. In order to achieve such a unique combination of functionalities, we have developed a telemetry system based on redundant inertial and magnetic sensors and GPS (Global Positioning System) measurements. It provides a proper data storage and also has real-time radio data transmission capabilities to an on-shore station. The output of the system can be used either for on-line or off-line processing. Additionally, the system uses dual technologies and COTS (Commercial Off-The-Shelf) components. Motion-positioning measurements and radio data link tests were successfully carried out in several ships of the Spanish Navy, proving the compliance with the design targets and validating our telemetry system.

Early Warning System of Flood Disaster Based on Ultrasonic Sensors and Wireless Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Indrasari, W.; Iswanto, B. H.; Andayani, M.

2018-04-01

A flood disaster provides considerable losses to the people who live around the river. To mitigate losses of material due to flood disaster required an early warning system of flood disaster. For that reason, it necessary to design a system that provide alert to the people prior the flood disaster. And this paper describes development of a device for early detection system of flood disasters. This device consists of two ultrasonic sensors as a water level detector, and a water flow sensor as a water flow velocity sensor. The wireless technology and GSM is used as an information medium. The system is designed based on water level conditions in the Katulampa Dam, Bogor. Characterization of water level detector showed that the device effectively works in a range of water level of 14-250 cm, with a maximum relative error of 4.3%. Meanwhile the wireless works properly as far as 75 m, and the SMS transmission time is 8.20 second.

Robust output feedback stabilization for a flexible marine riser system.

PubMed

Zhao, Zhijia; Liu, Yu; Guo, Fang

2017-12-06

The aim of this paper is to develop a boundary control for the vibration reduction of a flexible marine riser system in the presence of parametric uncertainties and system states obtained inaccurately. To this end, an adaptive output feedback boundary control is proposed to suppress the riser's vibration fusing with observer-based backstepping, high-gain observers and robust adaptive control theory. In addition, the parameter adaptive laws are designed to compensate for the system parametric uncertainties, and the disturbance observer is introduced to mitigate the effects of external environmental disturbance. The uniformly bounded stability of the closed-loop system is achieved through rigorous Lyapunov analysis without any discretisation or simplification of the dynamics in the time and space, and the state observer error is ensured to exponentially converge to zero as time grows to infinity. In the end, the simulation and comparison studies are carried out to illustrate the performance of the proposed control under the proper choice of the design parameters. Copyright © 2017 ISA. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The promise--and peril--of integrated cost systems.

PubMed

Cooper, R; Kaplan, R S

1998-01-01

Recent advances in managerial accounting have helped executives get the information they need to make good strategic decisions. But today's enterprise resource planning systems promise even greater benefits--the chance to integrate activity-based costing, operational-control, and financial reporting systems. But managers need to approach integration very thoughtfully, or they could end up with a system that drives decision making in the wrong direction. Operational-control and ABC systems have fundamentally different purposes. Their requirements for accuracy, timeliness, and aggregation are so different that no single, fully integrated approach can be adequate for both purposes. If an integrated system used real-time cost data instead of standard rates in its ABC subsystem, for example, the result would be dangerously distorted messages about individual product profitability--and that's precisely the problem ABC systems were originally designed to address. Proper linkage and feedback between the two systems is possible, however. Through activity-based budgeting, the ABC system is linked directly to operations control: managers can determine the supply and practical capacity of resources in forthcoming periods. Linking operational control to ABC is also possible. The activity-based portion of an operational control system collects information that, while it mustn't be fed directly into the activity-based strategic cost system, can be extremely useful once it's been properly analyzed. Finally, ABC and operational control can be linked to financial reporting to generate cost of goods sold and inventory valuations--but again, with precautions.

Taking Care of Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stone, William E.

1989-01-01

Properly designed and properly evaluated, entrepreneurial activities can have many kinds of positive financial and non-financial results for an alumni program. A service or product line that alumni can not get from any other source can benefit the budget and both internal and external goodwill. (MSE)

FOOD RISK ANALYSIS

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Food risk analysis is a holistic approach to food safety because it considers all aspects of the problem. Risk assessment modeling is the foundation of food risk analysis. Proper design and simulation of the risk assessment model is important to properly predict and control risk. Because of knowl...

Conceptual design of a laser fusion power plant. Part I. An integrated facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This study is a new preliminary conceptual design and economic analysis of an inertial confinement fusion (ICF) power plant performed by Bechtel under the direction of Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL). The purpose of a new conceptual design is to examine alternatives to the LLNL HYLIFE power plant and to incorporate information from the recent liquid metal cooled power plant conceptual design study (CDS) into the reactor system and balance of plant design. A key issue in the design of a laser fusion power plant is the degree of symmetry in the illumination of the target that will be requiredmore » for a proper burn. Because this matter is expected to remain unresolved for some time, another purpose of this study is to determine the effect of symmetry requirements on the total plant size, layout, and cost.« less

Structural and mechanical design challenges of space shuttle solid rocket boosters separation and recovery subsystems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Woodis, W. R.; Runkle, R. E.

1985-01-01

The design of the space shuttle solid rocket booster (SRB) subsystems for reuse posed some unique and challenging design considerations. The separation of the SRBs from the cluster (orbiter and external tank) at 150,000 ft when the orbiter engines are running at full thrust meant the two SRBs had to have positive separation forces pushing them away. At the same instant, the large attachments that had reacted launch loads of 7.5 million pounds thrust had to be servered. These design considerations dictated the design requirements for the pyrotechnics and separation rocket motors. The recovery and reuse of the two SRBs meant they had to be safely lowered to the ocean, remain afloat, and be owed back to shore. In general, both the pyrotechnic and recovery subsystems have met or exceeded design requirements. In twelve vehicles, there has only been one instance where the pyrotechnic system has failed to function properly.

Human Engineering of Space Vehicle Displays and Controls

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitmore, Mihriban; Holden, Kritina L.; Boyer, Jennifer; Stephens, John-Paul; Ezer, Neta; Sandor, Aniko

2010-01-01

Proper attention to the integration of the human needs in the vehicle displays and controls design process creates a safe and productive environment for crew. Although this integration is critical for all phases of flight, for crew interfaces that are used during dynamic phases (e.g., ascent and entry), the integration is particularly important because of demanding environmental conditions. This panel addresses the process of how human engineering involvement ensures that human-system integration occurs early in the design and development process and continues throughout the lifecycle of a vehicle. This process includes the development of requirements and quantitative metrics to measure design success, research on fundamental design questions, human-in-the-loop evaluations, and iterative design. Processes and results from research on displays and controls; the creation and validation of usability, workload, and consistency metrics; and the design and evaluation of crew interfaces for NASA's Crew Exploration Vehicle are used as case studies.

An Overview of the Role of Systems Analysis in NASA's Hypersonics Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Robinson, Jeffrey S.; Martin John G.; Bowles, Jeffrey V> ; Mehta, Unmeel B.; Snyder, CHristopher A.

2006-01-01

NASA's Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate recently restructured its Vehicle Systems Program, refocusing it towards understanding the fundamental physics that govern flight in all speed regimes. Now called the Fundamental Aeronautics Program, it is comprised of four new projects, Subsonic Fixed Wing, Subsonic Rotary Wing, Supersonics, and Hypersonics. The Aeronautics Research Mission Directorate has charged the Hypersonics Project with having a basic understanding of all systems that travel at hypersonic speeds within the Earth's and other planets atmospheres. This includes both powered and unpowered systems, such as re-entry vehicles and vehicles powered by rocket or airbreathing propulsion that cruise in and accelerate through the atmosphere. The primary objective of the Hypersonics Project is to develop physics-based predictive tools that enable the design, analysis and optimization of such systems. The Hypersonics Project charges the systems analysis discipline team with providing it the decision-making information it needs to properly guide research and technology development. Credible, rapid, and robust multi-disciplinary system analysis processes and design tools are required in order to generate this information. To this end, the principal challenges for the systems analysis team are the introduction of high fidelity physics into the analysis process and integration into a design environment, quantification of design uncertainty through the use of probabilistic methods, reduction in design cycle time, and the development and implementation of robust processes and tools enabling a wide design space and associated technology assessment capability. This paper will discuss the roles and responsibilities of the systems analysis discipline team within the Hypersonics Project as well as the tools, methods, processes, and approach that the team will undertake in order to perform its project designated functions.

Design and optimization for the occupant restraint system of vehicle based on a single freedom model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Junyuan; Ma, Yue; Chen, Chao; Zhang, Yan

2013-05-01

Throughout the vehicle crash event, the interactions between vehicle, occupant, restraint system (VOR) are complicated and highly non-linear. CAE and physical tests are the most widely used in vehicle passive safety development, but they can only be done with the detailed 3D model or physical samples. Often some design errors and imperfections are difficult to correct at that time, and a large amount of time will be needed. A restraint system concept design approach which based on single-degree-of-freedom occupant-vehicle model (SDOF) is proposed in this paper. The interactions between the restraint system parameters and the occupant responses in a crash are studied from the view of mechanics and energy. The discrete input and the iterative algorithm method are applied to the SDOF model to get the occupant responses quickly for arbitrary excitations (impact pulse) by MATLAB. By studying the relationships between the ridedown efficiency, the restraint stiffness, and the occupant response, the design principle of the restraint stiffness aiming to reduce occupant injury level during conceptual design is represented. Higher ridedown efficiency means more occupant energy absorbed by the vehicle, but the research result shows that higher ridedown efficiency does not mean lower occupant injury level. A proper restraint system design principle depends on two aspects. On one hand, the restraint system should lead to as high ridedown efficiency as possible, and at the same time, the restraint system should maximize use of the survival space to reduce the occupant deceleration level. As an example, an optimization of a passenger vehicle restraint system is designed by the concept design method above, and the final results are validated by MADYMO, which is the most widely used software in restraint system design, and the sled test. Consequently, a guideline and method for the occupant restraint system concept design is established in this paper.

Design of an Integrated Thermoelectric Generator Power Converter for Ultra-Low Power and Low Voltage Body Energy Harvesters aimed at EEG/ECG Active Electrodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ataei, Milad; Robert, Christian; Boegli, Alexis; Farine, Pierre-André

2014-11-01

This paper describes a design procedure for an efficient body thermal energy harvesting integrated power converter. This procedure is based on loss examination for a selfpowered medical device. All optimum system parameters are calculated respecting the transducer constraints and the application form factor. It is found that it is possible to optimize converter's working frequency with proper design of its pulse generator circuit. At selected frequency, it has been demonstrated that wide area voltage doubler can be eliminated at the expense of wider switches. With this method, more than 60% efficiency is achieved in simulation for just 20mV transducer output voltage and 30% of entire chip area is saved.

Space Station Crew Conducts Spacewalk to Change Cooling Components

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-05-16

Outside the International Space Station, Expedition 55 NASA Flight Engineers Drew Feustel and Ricky Arnold conducted a spacewalk May 16 to swap out a failed cooling system component called a pump flow control subassembly (PFCS) for a spare. The PFCS is one of several on the truss structure of the station designed to regulate the flow of ammonia coolant through the cooling loops on the station to maintain the proper temperature for critical systems. It was the 210th spacewalk in support of space station assembly, maintenance and upgrades, the eighth in Feustel’s career and the fourth for Arnold.

Combined alternating gradient force magnetometer and susceptometer system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pérez, M.; Mendizábal Vázquez, I. de; Aroca, C.

2015-01-15

We report the design, fabrication, and characterization of a new system that combines the performances of two different types of magnetic characterization systems, Alternating Gradient Force Magnetometers (AGFM) and susceptometers. The flexibility of our system is demonstrated by its capability to be used as any of them, AGFM or susceptometer, without any modification in the experimental set-up because of the electronics we have developed. Our system has a limit of sensitivity lower than 5 × 10{sup −7} emu. Moreover, its main advantage is demonstrated by the possibility of measuring small quantities of materials under DC or AC magnetic fields thatmore » cannot properly be measured with a commercial vibrating sample magnetometers or AGFM.« less

Investigation of droplet nucleation in CCS relevant systems - design and testing of the expansion chamber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Čenský, Miroslav; Hrubý, Jan; Vinš, Václav; Hykl, Jiří; Šmíd, Bohuslav

2018-06-01

A unique in-house designed experimental apparatus for investigation of nucleation of droplets in CCS relevant systems is being developed by the present team. The apparatus allows simulating various processes relevant to CCS technologies. Gaseous mixtures with CO2 are prepared in a Mixture Preparation Device (MPD) based on accurate adjustment of flow rates of individual components [EPJ Web of Conferences 143, 02140 (2017)]. The mixture then flows into an expansion chamber, where it undergoes a rapid adiabatic expansion. As a consequence of adiabatic cooling, the mixture becomes supersaturated and nucleation and simultaneous growth of droplets occurs. In this study, we describe the design and testing of the expansion part of the experimental setup. The rapid expansion was realized using two valve systems, one for low pressures (up to 0.7 MPa) and the other for high pressures (up to 10 MPa). A challenge for a proper design of the expansion system is avoiding acoustic oscillations. These can occur either in the mode of Helmholtz resonator, where the compressible gas in the chamber acts as a spring and the rapidly moving gas in the valve system as a mass, or in the "flute" mode, where acoustic waves are generated in a long outlet tubing.

Pharmacodynamic-pharmacokinetic integration as a guide to medicinal chemistry.

PubMed

Gabrielsson, Johan; Fjellström, Ola; Ulander, Johan; Rowley, Michael; Van Der Graaf, Piet H

2011-01-01

A primary objective of pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PKPD) reasoning is to identify key in vivo drug and system proper¬ties, enabling prediction of the magnitude and time course of drug responses under physiological and pathological conditions in animals and man. Since the pharmacological response generated by a drug is highly dependent on the actual system used to study its action, knowledge about its potency and efficacy at a given concentration or dose is insufficient to obtain a proper understanding of its pharmacodynamic profile. Hence, the output of PKPD activities extends beyond the provision of quantitative measures (models) of results, to the design of future protocols. Furthermore, because PKPD integrates DMPK (e.g. clearance) and pharmacology (e.g. potency),it provides an anchor point for compound selection, and, as such, should be viewed as an important weapon in medicinal chemistry. Here we outline key PK concepts relevant to PD, and then consider real-life experiments to illustrate the importance to the medicinal chemist of data obtained by PKPD. Useful assumptions and potential pitfalls are described, providing a holistic view of the plethora of determinants behind in vitro-in vivo correlations. By condensing complexity to simplicity, there are not only consequences for experimental design, and for the ranking and design of compounds, but it is also possible to make important predictions such as the impact of changes in drug potency and kinetics. In short, by using quantitative methods to tease apart pharmacodynamic complexities such as temporal differences and changes in plasma protein binding, it is possible to target the changes necessary for improving a compound's profile.

Kinematic analysis of the finger exoskeleton using MATLAB/Simulink.

PubMed

Nasiłowski, Krzysztof; Awrejcewicz, Jan; Lewandowski, Donat

2014-01-01

A paralyzed and not fully functional part of human body can be supported by the properly designed exoskeleton system with motoric abilities. It can help in rehabilitation, or movement of a disabled/paralyzed limb. Both suitably selected geometry and specialized software are studied applying the MATLAB environment. A finger exoskeleton was the base for MATLAB/Simulink model. Specialized software, such as MATLAB/Simulink give us an opportunity to optimize calculation reaching precise results, which help in next steps of design process. The calculations carried out yield information regarding movement relation between three functionally connected actuators and showed distance and velocity changes during the whole simulation time.

Electronic Principles Inventory Sheppard Technical Training Center, AFPT 90-EPI-485.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

properly applied, OSR data can be a powerful tool in the design of training content, Generally speaking, OSR task statements can sometimes be difficult... designing blocks specific to the various specialties. Other than the differences noted in the Missile Systems Analyst and Biomedical Equipment personnel...m 4-jj K i I Li u 0 2I L- DC A U --SI De O) ZW :𔃾 )m-4 14~ =i0. 40o 0 w w L4- 1-0. 454 01 Z.I 4 mz c xx 1 Z4.. C, * L CX "*4. 0 4 I..j CL z 49 I. I

An in-situ study in SEM of delamination in several graphite/epoxy composite material systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bradley, W. L.

1986-01-01

A three point bend fixture compatible with the current loading stage for the Scanning Electron Microscope was designed and fabricated. End-notched flexure tests were run on several materials. Work to date was on AS4/3502, T6T145/F155, and T6T145/F185. Fracture toughness was measured. Fracture of neat resin specimens was begun. The decrease in delaminatin fracture toughness, compared to neat resin toughness, due to rigid fiber filler and interlaminar failure is addressed. An experimental program was designed to try to determine the proper interpretatin for apparent microcracking in neat resin specimens.

Optical isolation based on space-time engineered asymmetric photonic band gaps

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chamanara, Nima; Taravati, Sajjad; Deck-Léger, Zoé-Lise; Caloz, Christophe

2017-10-01

Nonreciprocal electromagnetic devices play a crucial role in modern microwave and optical technologies. Conventional methods for realizing such systems are incompatible with integrated circuits. With recent advances in integrated photonics, the need for efficient on-chip magnetless nonreciprocal devices has become more pressing than ever. This paper leverages space-time engineered asymmetric photonic band gaps to generate optical isolation. It shows that a properly designed space-time modulated slab is highly reflective/transparent for opposite directions of propagation. The corresponding design is magnetless, accommodates low modulation frequencies, and can achieve very high isolation levels. An experimental proof of concept at microwave frequencies is provided.

Organizational Systems Theory and Command and Control Concepts

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

Decentralized C2 • Problem is determinable • Many solutions • Predictable results • Low Risk • Slow feedback loop • Plans: Engineered or designed • C2...of these concepts in the Art of Command and the Science of Control, but lacks a proper model to assist commanders in determining how to correctly...commanders in determining how to correctly apply the concepts based on the operational environment. The paper concludes with a recommendation that the

The Defense Civilian Intelligence Personnel System: An Independent Assessment of Design, Implementation, and Impact

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-06-01

terrorist attacks: …[T]he necessity of defense against a terrorist attack is urgent… I am a real radical on personnel systems…[ Y ]ou need to have...recruiting among the “ millennial ” generation of workers who are more accustomed to instant feedback and recognition and would not be content with a...political affiliation, race, color, religion , national origin, sex, marital status, age, or handicap condition, and with proper regard for their

Pilot Errors Involving Head-Up Displays (HUDs), Helmet-Mounted Displays (HMDs), and Night Vision Goggles (NVGs)

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-01

results in stimulation of spatial-motion-location visual processes, which are known to take precedence over any other sensor or cognitive stimuli. In...or version he is flying. This was initially an observation that stimulated the birth of the human-factors engineering discipline during World War H...collisions with the surface, the pilot needs inputs to sensory channels other than the focal visual system. Properly designed auditory and

Characterization of pediatric wheelchair kinematics and wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system loading during rear impact.

PubMed

Fuhrman, Susan I; Karg, Patricia; Bertocci, Gina

2010-04-01

This study characterizes pediatric wheelchair kinematic responses and wheelchair tiedown and occupant restraint system (WTORS) loading during rear impact. It also examines the kinematic and loading effects of wheelchair headrest inclusion in rear impact. In two separate rear-impact test scenarios, identical WC19-compliant manual pediatric wheelchairs were tested using a seated Hybrid III 6-year-old anthropomorphic test device (ATD) to evaluate wheelchair kinematics and WTORS loading. Three wheelchairs included no headrests, and three were equipped with slightly modified wheelchair-mounted headrests. Surrogate WTORS properly secured the wheelchairs; three-point occupant restraints properly restrained the ATD. All tests used a 26km/h, 11g rear-impact test pulse. Headrest presence affected wheelchair kinematics and WTORS loading; headrest-equipped wheelchairs had greater mean seatback deflections, mean peak front and rear tiedown loads and decreased mean lap belt loads. Rear-impact tiedown loads differed from previously measured loads in frontal impact, with comparable tiedown load levels reversed in frontal and rear impacts. The front tiedowns in rear impact had the highest mean peak loads despite lower rear-impact severity. These outcomes have implications for wheelchair and tiedown design, highlighting the need for all four tiedowns to have an equally robust design, and have implications in the development of rear-impact wheelchair transportation safety standards. Copyright 2009 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A review on grain and nut deterioration and design of the dryers for safe storage with special reference to Turkish hazelnuts.

PubMed

Ozilgen, M; Ozdemir, M

2001-01-01

Turkey produces about 80% of the total hazelnut crop of the world. About 75% of the production are exported. In Turkey hazelnuts are traditionally sun dried, and may be subject to mold growth and subsequent mycotoxin formation due to prolonged drying time under humid and rainy weather conditions. Drying hazelnuts in a reasonable time after harvest is necessary for mycotoxin-free, high-quality products. In general, nuts and cereals contaminated by the toxins pose a potential hazard not only to the people of the producer countries, but also to people of the importing countries, if they should be regarded as safe by inefficient sampling plans, therefore preventing toxin formation actually benefits very large populations. Deterioration and health hazards associated with toxin contaminated hazelnuts and other nuts and cereals have similar causes and consequences; therefore, deterioration of the nuts and cereals in storage has been reviewed by considering as many grains and nuts as possible, then special reference was made to hazelnuts. Proper preharvest practices followed by proper drying and safe storage reduces the hazards associated with contamination by the toxins. This article reviews the pre- and post-harvest practices, and the grain- and nut-drying systems required for toxin-free products. Because drying is the major unit operation involving this process, the drying systems and the mathematical models required for their design is also discussed.

Adverse drug events and the Freedom of Information Act: an apple in Eden.

PubMed

Stang, P E; Fox, J L

1992-02-01

To review some of the abuses and proper uses of the Food and Drug Administration's (FDA's) spontaneous adverse-reaction reporting system, as a way of educating the reader to its strengths and limitations. Published literature and reports based on information obtained from the FDA's database of spontaneous adverse drug-event reports. The Freedom of Information Act has increased public access to the FDA's database of spontaneous adverse drug reaction reports. As these reports are voluntarily received and reported to the FDA, their use for comparisons of drug safety is severely limited. Despite these limitations and the FDA's caveats for use of these data, consumer advocacy groups, researchers, and various pharmaceutical marketing groups have used this source to project the incidence of adverse drug reactions. The FDA's spontaneous adverse-event reporting system is designed to generate signals of unexpected adverse drug events. Use of the data gathered by this system to make drug safety comparisons is beyond their credible scope because many factors influence the reporting of adverse events. Researchers and peer reviewers should place these data in the proper perspective and support sound research into questions of drug safety.

Ambiguity resolution for satellite Doppler positioning systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Argentiero, P.; Marini, J.

1979-01-01

The implementation of satellite-based Doppler positioning systems frequently requires the recovery of transmitter position from a single pass of Doppler data. The least-squares approach to the problem yields conjugate solutions on either side of the satellite subtrack. It is important to develop a procedure for choosing the proper solution which is correct in a high percentage of cases. A test for ambiguity resolution which is the most powerful in the sense that it maximizes the probability of a correct decision is derived. When systematic error sources are properly included in the least-squares reduction process to yield an optimal solution the test reduces to choosing the solution which provides the smaller valuation of the least-squares loss function. When systematic error sources are ignored in the least-squares reduction, the most powerful test is a quadratic form comparison with the weighting matrix of the quadratic form obtained by computing the pseudoinverse of a reduced-rank square matrix. A formula for computing the power of the most powerful test is provided. Numerical examples are included in which the power of the test is computed for situations that are relevant to the design of a satellite-aided search and rescue system.

Telepresence work station system definition study, part 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

This study effort has shown that the development of a space robotic servicing system is totally feasible. More importantly, many of the key elements of such a system are currently available as the result of previous and ongoing technical efforts. In many cases, decisions remain to be made concerning tradeoffs between options available to satisfy system technology requirements. The primary recommendation resulting from this study is for the development of a flight test bed system that could be used to establish a performance database to assist some of the necessary technical decisions described in the study package. A properly design flight test bed system would prove tremendously useful in terms of rapidly evaluating technology in a realistic setting and would be a great benefit in the development of the operational system.

Design, fabrication and acoustic tests of a 36 inch (0.914 meter) statorless turbotip fan

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, E. G.; Stempert, D. L.; Uhl, W. R.

1975-01-01

The LF336/E is a 36 inch (0.914 meter) diameter fan designed to operate in a rotor-alone configuration. Design features required for modification of the existing LF336/A rotor-stator fan into the LF336/E statorless fan configuration are discussed. Tests of the statorless fan identified an aerodynamic performance deficiency due to inaccurate accounting of the fan exit swirl during the aerodynamic design. This performance deficiency, related to fan exit static pressure levels, produced about a 20 percent thrust loss. A study was then conducted for further evaluation of the fan exit flow fields typical of statorless fan systems. This study showed that through proper selection of fan design variables such as pressure ratio, radius ratio, and swirl distributions, performance of a statorless fan configuration could be improved with levels of thrust approaching the conventional rotor-stator fan system. Acoustic measurements were taken for the statorless fan system at both GE and NASA, and when compared to other lift fan systems, showed noise levels comparable to the quietest lift fan configuration which included rotor-stator spacing and acoustic treatment. The statorless fan system was also used to determine effects of rotor leading edge serrations on noise generations. A cascade test program identified the serration geometry based on minimum pressure losses, wake turbulence levels and noise generations.

Metallic Thermal Protection System Technology Development: Concepts, Requirements and Assessment Overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorsey, John T.; Poteet, Carl C.; Chen, Roger R.; Wurster, Kathryn E.

2002-01-01

A technology development program was conducted to evolve an earlier metallic thermal protection system (TPS) panel design, with the goals of: improving operations features, increasing adaptability (ease of attaching to a variety of tank shapes and structural concepts), and reducing weight. The resulting Adaptable Robust Metallic Operable Reusable (ARMOR) TPS system incorporates a high degree of design flexibility (allowing weight and operability to be traded and balanced) and can also be easily integrated with a large variety of tank shapes, airframe structural arrangements and airframe structure/material concepts. An initial attempt has been made to establish a set of performance based TPS design requirements. A set of general (FARtype) requirements have been proposed, focusing on defining categories that must be included for a comprehensive design. Load cases required for TPS design must reflect the full flight envelope, including a comprehensive set of limit loads, However, including additional loads. such as ascent abort trajectories, as ultimate load cases, and on-orbit debris/micro-meteoroid hypervelocity impact, as one of the discrete -source -damage load cases, will have a significant impact on system design and resulting performance, reliability and operability. Although these load cases have not been established, they are of paramount importance for reusable vehicles, and until properly included, all sizing results and assessments of reliability and operability must be considered optimistic at a minimum.

Performance Testing of Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Helium Screw Compressors

DOE PAGES

Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.; ...

2015-08-10

Oil injected screw compressors have essentially superseded all other types of compressors in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, reliability, minimal vibration, and capability of handling helium's high heat of compression. At the present state of compressor system designs for helium refrigeration systems, typically two-thirds of the lost input power is due to the compression system. It is important to understand the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies of these machines to help properly design the compression system to match the refrigeration process. It is also important to identify those primary compressor skid exergetic loss mechanisms which maymore » be reduced, thereby offering the possibility of significantly reducing the input power to helium refrigeration processes which are extremely energy intensive. This paper summarizes the results collected during the commissioning of the new compressor system for Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) 12 GeV upgrade. The compressor skid packages were designed by JLab and built to print by industry. They incorporate a number of modifications not typical of helium screw compressor packages and most importantly allow a very wide range of operation so that JLab's patented Floating Pressure Process can be fully utilized. This paper also summarizes key features of the skid design that allow this process and facilitate the maintenance and reliability of these helium compressor systems.« less

Performance Testing of Jefferson Lab 12 GeV Helium Screw Compressors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Knudsen, P.; Ganni, V.; Dixon, K.

Oil injected screw compressors have essentially superseded all other types of compressors in modern helium refrigeration systems due to their large displacement capacity, reliability, minimal vibration, and capability of handling helium's high heat of compression. At the present state of compressor system designs for helium refrigeration systems, typically two-thirds of the lost input power is due to the compression system. It is important to understand the isothermal and volumetric efficiencies of these machines to help properly design the compression system to match the refrigeration process. It is also important to identify those primary compressor skid exergetic loss mechanisms which maymore » be reduced, thereby offering the possibility of significantly reducing the input power to helium refrigeration processes which are extremely energy intensive. This paper summarizes the results collected during the commissioning of the new compressor system for Jefferson Lab's (JLab's) 12 GeV upgrade. The compressor skid packages were designed by JLab and built to print by industry. They incorporate a number of modifications not typical of helium screw compressor packages and most importantly allow a very wide range of operation so that JLab's patented Floating Pressure Process can be fully utilized. This paper also summarizes key features of the skid design that allow this process and facilitate the maintenance and reliability of these helium compressor systems.« less

Design an optimum safety policy for personnel safety management - A system dynamic approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Balaji, P.

2014-10-01

Personnel safety management (PSM) ensures that employee's work conditions are healthy and safe by various proactive and reactive approaches. Nowadays it is a complex phenomenon because of increasing dynamic nature of organisations which results in an increase of accidents. An important part of accident prevention is to understand the existing system properly and make safety strategies for that system. System dynamics modelling appears to be an appropriate methodology to explore and make strategy for PSM. Many system dynamics models of industrial systems have been built entirely for specific host firms. This thesis illustrates an alternative approach. The generic system dynamics model of Personnel safety management was developed and tested in a host firm. The model was undergone various structural, behavioural and policy tests. The utility and effectiveness of model was further explored through modelling a safety scenario. In order to create effective safety policy under resource constraint, DOE (Design of experiment) was used. DOE uses classic designs, namely, fractional factorials and central composite designs. It used to make second order regression equation which serve as an objective function. That function was optimized under budget constraint and optimum value used for safety policy which shown greatest improvement in overall PSM. The outcome of this research indicates that personnel safety management model has the capability for acting as instruction tool to improve understanding of safety management and also as an aid to policy making.

Integration of magnetic bearings in the design of advanced gas turbine engines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Storace, Albert F.; Sood, Devendra K.; Lyons, James P.; Preston, Mark A.

1994-01-01

Active magnetic bearings provide revolutionary advantages for gas turbine engine rotor support. These advantages include tremendously improved vibration and stability characteristics, reduced power loss, improved reliability, fault-tolerance, and greatly extended bearing service life. The marriage of these advantages with innovative structural network design and advanced materials utilization will permit major increases in thrust to weight performance and structural efficiency for future gas turbine engines. However, obtaining the maximum payoff requires two key ingredients. The first key ingredient is the use of modern magnetic bearing technologies such as innovative digital control techniques, high-density power electronics, high-density magnetic actuators, fault-tolerant system architecture, and electronic (sensorless) position estimation. This paper describes these technologies. The second key ingredient is to go beyond the simple replacement of rolling element bearings with magnetic bearings by incorporating magnetic bearings as an integral part of the overall engine design. This is analogous to the proper approach to designing with composites, whereby the designer tailors the geometry and load carrying function of the structural system or component for the composite instead of simply substituting composites in a design originally intended for metal material. This paper describes methodologies for the design integration of magnetic bearings in gas turbine engines.

Optomechanical System Development of the AWARE Gigapixel Scale Camera

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Son, Hui S.

Electronic focal plane arrays (FPA) such as CMOS and CCD sensors have dramatically improved to the point that digital cameras have essentially phased out film (except in very niche applications such as hobby photography and cinema). However, the traditional method of mating a single lens assembly to a single detector plane, as required for film cameras, is still the dominant design used in cameras today. The use of electronic sensors and their ability to capture digital signals that can be processed and manipulated post acquisition offers much more freedom of design at system levels and opens up many interesting possibilities for the next generation of computational imaging systems. The AWARE gigapixel scale camera is one such computational imaging system. By utilizing a multiscale optical design, in which a large aperture objective lens is mated with an array of smaller, well corrected relay lenses, we are able to build an optically simple system that is capable of capturing gigapixel scale images via post acquisition stitching of the individual pictures from the array. Properly shaping the array of digital cameras allows us to form an effectively continuous focal surface using off the shelf (OTS) flat sensor technology. This dissertation details developments and physical implementations of the AWARE system architecture. It illustrates the optomechanical design principles and system integration strategies we have developed through the course of the project by summarizing the results of the two design phases for AWARE: AWARE-2 and AWARE-10. These systems represent significant advancements in the pursuit of scalable, commercially viable snapshot gigapixel imaging systems and should serve as a foundation for future development of such systems.

EMR management system for patient pulse data.

PubMed

Lee, Junyoung

2012-10-01

The purpose of this study is to build an integrated medical information system for effective database management of clinical information and to improve the existing Electronic Medical Record (EMR)-based system that is currently being used in hospitals. The integrated medical information system of hospitals consists of an Order Communication System (OCS), Picture Archiving Communication System (PACS), and Laboratory Information System (LIS), as well as Electronic Medical Record (EMR). It is designed so that remote health screening and patient data search can be accessed through a high speed network-even in remote areas-in order to effectively manage data on medical treatment that patients received at their respective hospitals. The existing oriental treatment system is one in which the doctor requires the patient to visit the hospital in person, so as to be able to check the patient's pulse and measure it with his hand for proper diagnosis and treatment. However, due to the recent development of digitalized medical measurement equipment, not only can doctors now check a patient's pulse without touching it directly, but the measured data are computerized and stored into the database as the electronic obligation record. Thus, even if a patient cannot visit the hospital, proper medical treatment is available by analyzing the patient's medical history and diagnosis process in the remote area. Furthermore, when a comprehensive medical testing center system including the people medical examination and diverse physical examination is established, the quality of medical service is expected to be improved than now.

Optimal design of a beam-based dynamic vibration absorber using fixed-points theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hua, Yingyu; Wong, Waion; Cheng, Li

2018-05-01

The addition of a dynamic vibration absorber (DVA) to a vibrating structure could provide an economic solution for vibration suppressions if the absorber is properly designed and located onto the structure. A common design of the DVA is a sprung mass because of its simple structure and low cost. However, the vibration suppression performance of this kind of DVA is limited by the ratio between the absorber mass and the mass of the primary structure. In this paper, a beam-based DVA (beam DVA) is proposed and optimized for minimizing the resonant vibration of a general structure. The vibration suppression performance of the proposed beam DVA depends on the mass ratio, the flexural rigidity and length of the beam. In comparison with the traditional sprung mass DVA, the proposed beam DVA shows more flexibility in vibration control design because it has more design parameters. With proper design, the beam DVA's vibration suppression capability can outperform that of the traditional DVA under the same mass constraint. The general approach is illustrated using a benchmark cantilever beam as an example. The receptance theory is introduced to model the compound system consisting of the host beam and the attached beam-based DVA. The model is validated through comparisons with the results from Abaqus as well as the Transfer Matrix method (TMM) method. Fixed-points theory is then employed to derive the analytical expressions for the optimum tuning ratio and damping ratio of the proposed beam absorber. A design guideline is then presented to choose the parameters of the beam absorber. Comparisons are finally presented between the beam absorber and the traditional DVA in terms of the vibration suppression effect. It is shown that the proposed beam absorber can outperform the traditional DVA by following this proposed guideline.

The Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) advanced automation project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dewberry, Brandon S.; Carnes, Ray

1990-01-01

The objective of the environmental control and life support system (ECLSS) Advanced Automation Project is to influence the design of the initial and evolutionary Space Station Freedom Program (SSFP) ECLSS toward a man-made closed environment in which minimal flight and ground manpower is needed. Another objective includes capturing ECLSS design and development knowledge future missions. Our approach has been to (1) analyze the SSFP ECLSS, (2) envision as our goal a fully automated evolutionary environmental control system - an augmentation of the baseline, and (3) document the advanced software systems, hooks, and scars which will be necessary to achieve this goal. From this analysis, prototype software is being developed, and will be tested using air and water recovery simulations and hardware subsystems. In addition, the advanced software is being designed, developed, and tested using automation software management plan and lifecycle tools. Automated knowledge acquisition, engineering, verification and testing tools are being used to develop the software. In this way, we can capture ECLSS development knowledge for future use develop more robust and complex software, provide feedback to the knowledge based system tool community, and ensure proper visibility of our efforts.

Expert system for adhesive selection of composite material joints

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allen, R.B.; Vanderveldt, H.H.

The development of composite joining is still in its infancy and much is yet to be learned. Consequently, this field is developing rapidly and new advances occur with great regularity. The need for up-to-date information and expertise in engineering and planning of composite materials, especially in critical applications, is acute. The American Joining Institute`s (AJI) development of JOINEXCELL (an off-line intelligent planner for joining composite materials) is an intelligent engineering/planning software system that incorporates the knowledge of several experts which can be expanded as these developments occur. Phase I effort of JOINEXCELL produced an expert system for adhesive selection, JOINADSELECT,more » for composite material joints. The expert system successfully selects from over 26 different adhesive families for 44 separate material types and hundreds of application situations. Through a series of design questions the expert system selects the proper adhesive for each particular design. Performing this {open_quotes}off-line{close_quotes} engineering planning by computer allows the decision to be made with full knowledge of the latest information about materials and joining procedures. JOINADSELECT can greatly expedite the joining design process, thus yielding cost savings.« less

Automatization of hardware configuration for plasma diagnostic system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wojenski, A.; Pozniak, K. T.; Kasprowicz, G.; Kolasinski, P.; Krawczyk, R. D.; Zabolotny, W.; Linczuk, P.; Chernyshova, M.; Czarski, T.; Malinowski, K.

2016-09-01

Soft X-ray plasma measurement systems are mostly multi-channel, high performance systems. In case of the modular construction it is necessary to perform sophisticated system discovery in parallel with automatic system configuration. In the paper the structure of the modular system designed for tokamak plasma soft X-ray measurements is described. The concept of the system discovery and further automatic configuration is also presented. FCS application (FMC/ FPGA Configuration Software) is used for running sophisticated system setup with automatic verification of proper configuration. In order to provide flexibility of further system configurations (e.g. user setup), common communication interface is also described. The approach presented here is related to the automatic system firmware building presented in previous papers. Modular construction and multichannel measurements are key requirement in term of SXR diagnostics with use of GEM detectors.

The Solar Neighborhood. XXV. Discovery of New Proper Motion Stars with 0.40 sec/yr > mu > or = 0.18 sec/yr Between Declinations -47 deg and 00 deg

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, Mark R.; Winters, Jennifer G.; Henry, Todd J.; Jao, Wei-Chun; Finch, Charlie T.; Subasavage, John P.; Hambly, Nigel C.

2011-01-01

We present 2817 new southern proper motion systems with 0.40 sec/yr > mu > or = 0.18 sec/yr and declination between 47 deg and 00 deg. This is a continuation of the SuperCOSMOS-RECONS (SCR) proper motion searches of the southern sky. We use the same photometric relations as previous searches to provide distance estimates based on the assumption that the objects are single main-sequence stars. We find 79 new red dwarf systems predicted to be within 25 pc, including a few new components of previously known systems. Two systems--SCR 1731-2452 at 9.5 pc and SCR 1746-3214 at 9.9 pc--are anticipated to be within 10 pc. We also find 23 new white dwarf (WD) candidates with distance estimates of 15-66 pc, as well as 360 new red subdwarf candidates. With this search, we complete the SCR sweep of the southern sky for stars with mu > or = 0.18 sec/yr and R(sub 59F) < or = 16.5, resulting in a total of 5042 objects in 4724 previously unreported proper motion systems. Here we provide selected comprehensive lists from our SCR proper motion search to date, including 152 red dwarf systems estimated to be within 25 pc (9 within 10 pc), 46 WDs (10 within 25 pc), and 598 subdwarf candidates. The results of this search suggest that there are more nearby systems to be found at fainter magnitudes and lower proper motion limits than those probed so far.

Urine Pretreat Injection System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

A new method of introducing the OXONE (Registered Trademark) Monopersulfate Compound for urine pretreat into a two-phase urine/air flow stream has been successfully tested and evaluated. The feasibility of this innovative method has been established for purposes of providing a simple, convenient, and safe method of handling a chemical pretreat required for urine processing in a microgravity space environment. Also, the Oxone portion of the urine pretreat has demonstrated the following advantages during real time collection of 750 pounds of urine in a Space Station design two-phase urine Fan/Separator: Eliminated urine precipitate buildup on internal hardware and plumbing; Minimized odor from collected urine; and Virtually eliminated airborne bacteria. The urine pretreat, as presently defined for the Space Station program for proper downstream processing of urine, is a two-part chemical treatment of 5.0 grams of Oxone and 2.3 ml of H2SO4 per liter of urine. This study program and test demonstrated only the addition of the proper ratio of Oxone into the urine collection system upstream of the Fan/Separator. This program was divided into the following three major tasks: (1) A trade study, to define and recommend the type of Oxone injection method to pursue further; (2) The design and fabrication of the selected method; and (3) A test program using high fidelity hardware and fresh urine to demonstrate the method feasibility. The trade study was conducted which included defining several methods for injecting Oxone in different forms into a urine system. Oxone was considered in a liquid, solid, paste and powered form. The trade study and the resulting recommendation were presented at a trade study review held at Hamilton Standard on 24-25 October 94. An agreement was reached at the meeting to continue the solid tablet in a bag concept which included a series of tablets suspended in the urine/air flow stream. These Oxone tablets would slowly dissolve at a controlled rate providing the proper concentration in the collected urine. To implement the solid tablet in a bag approach, a design concept was completed with prototype drawings of the complete urine pretreat prefilter assembly. A successful fabrication technique was developed for retaining the Oxone tablets in a fabric casing attached to the end of the existing Space Station Waste Collection System urine prefilter assembly. The final pretreat prefilter configuration held sufficient Oxone in a tablet form to allow normal scheduled daily (or twice daily) change out of the urine filter depending on the use rate of the Space Station urine collection system. The actual tests to prove the concept were conducted using the Urine Fan/Separator assembly that was originally used in the STS-52 Design Test Objective (DTO) urinal assembly. Other related tests were conducted to demonstrate the actual minimum ratio of Oxone to urine that will control microbial growth.

Formulation and Implementation of Inflow/Outflow Boundary Conditions to Simulate Propulsive Effects

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, David L.; Aftosmis, Michael J.; Nemec, Marian

2018-01-01

Boundary conditions appropriate for simulating flow entering or exiting the computational domain to mimic propulsion effects have been implemented in an adaptive Cartesian simulation package. A robust iterative algorithm to control mass flow rate through an outflow boundary surface is presented, along with a formulation to explicitly specify mass flow rate through an inflow boundary surface. The boundary conditions have been applied within a mesh adaptation framework based on the method of adjoint-weighted residuals. This allows for proper adaptive mesh refinement when modeling propulsion systems. The new boundary conditions are demonstrated on several notional propulsion systems operating in flow regimes ranging from low subsonic to hypersonic. The examples show that the prescribed boundary state is more properly imposed as the mesh is refined. The mass-flowrate steering algorithm is shown to be an efficient approach in each example. To demonstrate the boundary conditions on a realistic complex aircraft geometry, two of the new boundary conditions are also applied to a modern low-boom supersonic demonstrator design with multiple flow inlets and outlets.

Multiobjective optimization in structural design with uncertain parameters and stochastic processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rao, S. S.

1984-01-01

The application of multiobjective optimization techniques to structural design problems involving uncertain parameters and random processes is studied. The design of a cantilever beam with a tip mass subjected to a stochastic base excitation is considered for illustration. Several of the problem parameters are assumed to be random variables and the structural mass, fatigue damage, and negative of natural frequency of vibration are considered for minimization. The solution of this three-criteria design problem is found by using global criterion, utility function, game theory, goal programming, goal attainment, bounded objective function, and lexicographic methods. It is observed that the game theory approach is superior in finding a better optimum solution, assuming the proper balance of the various objective functions. The procedures used in the present investigation are expected to be useful in the design of general dynamic systems involving uncertain parameters, stochastic process, and multiple objectives.

TERSSE: Definition of the Total Earth Resources System for the Shuttle Era. Volume 5: Detailed system requirements: Two case studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Major resource management missions to be performed by the TERSSE are examined in order to develop an understanding of the form and function of a system designed to perform an operational mission. Factors discussed include: resource manager (user) functions, methods of performing their function, the information flows and information requirements embodied in their function, and the characteristics of the observation system which assists in the management of the resource involved. The missions selected for study are: world crop survey and land resources management. These missions are found to represent opposite ends of the TERSSE spectrum and to support the conclusion that different missions require different systems and must be analyzed in detail to permit proper system development decisions.

Foam core shield (FCS) systems : a new dual - purpose technology for shielding against meteoroid strike damage and for thermal control of spacecrafts/satellite components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Adams, Marc A.; Zwissler, James G.; Hayes, Charles; Fabensky, Beth; Cornelison, Charles; Alexander, Lesley; Bishop, Karen

2005-01-01

A new technology is being developed that can protect spacecraft and satellite components against damage from meteoroid strikes and control the thermal environment of the protected components. This technology, called Foam Core Shield (FCS) systems, has the potential to replace the multi-layer insulation blankets (MLI) that have been used on spacecraft for decades. In order to be an attractive candidate for replacing MLI, FCS systems should not only provide superior protection against meteoroid strikes but also provide an equal or superior ability to control the temperature of the protected component. Properly designed FCS systems can provide these principal functions, meteoroid strike protection and thermal control, with lower system mass and a smaller system envelope than ML.

SIGPI. Fault Tree Cut Set System Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patenaude, C.J.

1992-01-13

SIGPI computes the probabilistic performance of complex systems by combining cut set or other binary product data with probability information on each basic event. SIGPI is designed to work with either coherent systems, where the system fails when certain combinations of components fail, or noncoherent systems, where at least one cut set occurs only if at least one component of the system is operating properly. The program can handle conditionally independent components, dependent components, or a combination of component types and has been used to evaluate responses to environmental threats and seismic events. The three data types that can bemore » input are cut set data in disjoint normal form, basic component probabilities for independent basic components, and mean and covariance data for statistically dependent basic components.« less

SIGPI. Fault Tree Cut Set System Performance

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patenaude, C.J.

1992-01-14

SIGPI computes the probabilistic performance of complex systems by combining cut set or other binary product data with probability information on each basic event. SIGPI is designed to work with either coherent systems, where the system fails when certain combinations of components fail, or noncoherent systems, where at least one cut set occurs only if at least one component of the system is operating properly. The program can handle conditionally independent components, dependent components, or a combination of component types and has been used to evaluate responses to environmental threats and seismic events. The three data types that can bemore » input are cut set data in disjoint normal form, basic component probabilities for independent basic components, and mean and covariance data for statistically dependent basic components.« less