2001-2002 Southern California Regional Travel Survey | Transportation

Science.gov Websites

Secure Data Center | NREL 01-2002 Southern California Regional Travel Survey 2001-2002 Southern California Regional Travel Survey The 2001-2002 Southern California Regional Travel Survey collected data on conduct the survey following the 2000 decennial census. Methodology Survey data collection occurred in

Digital Preservation and Deep Infrastructure; Dublin Core Metadata Initiative Progress Report and Workplan for 2002; Video Gaming, Education and Digital Learning Technologies: Relevance and Opportunities; Digital Collections of Real World Objects; The MusArt Music-Retrieval System: An Overview; eML: Taking Mississippi Libraries into the 21st Century.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Granger, Stewart; Dekkers, Makx; Weibel, Stuart L.; Kirriemuir, John; Lensch, Hendrik P. A.; Goesele, Michael; Seidel, Hans-Peter; Birmingham, William; Pardo, Bryan; Meek, Colin; Shifrin, Jonah; Goodvin, Renee; Lippy, Brooke

2002-01-01

One opinion piece and five articles in this issue discuss: digital preservation infrastructure; accomplishments and changes in the Dublin Core Metadata Initiative in 2001 and plans for 2002; video gaming and how it relates to digital libraries and learning technologies; overview of a music retrieval system; and the online version of the…

Sun-Protective Behavior | Cancer Trends Progress Report

Cancer.gov

The Cancer Trends Progress Report, first issued in 2001, summarizes our nation's advances against cancer in relation to Healthy People targets set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services.

NLC Newsletter

Science.gov Websites

November 2003 Vol. 4 No. 10 - 11 September 2003 Vol. 4 No. 9 August 2003 Vol.4 No. 8 July 2003 Vol.4 No. 7 Vol. 3 No. 9 August 2002 Vol. 3 No. 8 July 2002 Vol. 3 No. 7 June 2002 Vol. 3 No. 6 May 2002 Vol. 3 No . 2 No.10 August 2001 Vol. 2 No. 4 March 2001 Vol. 2 No. 3 February 2001 Vol. 2 No. 2 January 2001 Vol

UNICEF Annual Report, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

United Nations Children's Fund, New York, NY.

The United Nations Children's Fund, UNICEF, is mandated by the U.N. General Assembly to advocate for the protection of children's rights, to help meet children's basic needs, and to expand their opportunities to reach their full potential. This report details the accomplishments and activities of UNICEF for the year 2001. Following statements from…

SOURCES, TEMPORAL VARIATIONS, AND FATE AND TRANSPORT OF SELECTED ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUNDS AND PHARMACEUTICALS, NEBRASKA, USA

EPA Science Inventory

Known or suspected endocrine disrupting compounds have been detected in water from streams, groundwater, and drinking water. In 2001 and 2002, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S./ Environmental Protection Agency and the City of Lincoln, Nebraska, collected va...

Maritime security : progress made in implementing Maritime Transportation Security Act, but concerns remain : statement of Margaret Wrightson, Director, Homeland Security and Justice Issues

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-09-09

After the events of September 11, 2001, concerns were raised over the security of U.S. ports and waterways. In response to the concerns over port security, Congress passed the Maritime Transportation Security Act in November 2002. The act created a b...

Development of a consortium for water security and safety: Planning for an early warning system

USGS Publications Warehouse

Clark, R.M.; Adam, N.R.; Atluri, V.; Halem, M.; Vowinkel, E.F.; ,

2004-01-01

The events of September 11, 2001 have raised concerns over the safety and security of the Nation's critical infrastructure including water and waste water systems. In June 2002, the U.S. EPA's Region II Office (New York City), in response to concerns over water security, in collaboration with Rutgers University agreed to establish a Regional Drinking Water Security and Safety Consortium (RDWSSC). Members of the consortium include: Rutgers University's Center for Information Management, Integration and Connectivity (CIMIC), American Water (AW), the Passaic Valley Water Commission (PVWC), the North Jersey District Water Supply Commission (NJDWSC), the N.J. Department of Environmental Protection, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agencies, Region II Office. In December of 2002 the consortium members signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) to pursue activities to enhance regional water security. Development of an early warning system for source and distributed water was identified as being of primary importance by the consortium. In this context, an early warning system (EWS) is an integrated system of monitoring stations located at strategic points in a water utilities source waters or in its distribution system, designed to warn against contaminants that might threaten the health and welfare of drinking water consumers. This paper will discuss the consortium's progress in achieving these important objectives.

UV Exposure and Sun Protective Practices | Cancer Trends Progress Report

Cancer.gov

The Cancer Trends Progress Report, first issued in 2001, summarizes our nation's advances against cancer in relation to Healthy People targets set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services.

Emigration of Natural and Hatchery Chinook Salmon and Steelhead Smolts from the Imnaha River, Oregon, Progress Report 2000-2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cleary, Peter; Kucera, Paul; Blenden, Michael

This report summarizes the emigration studies of the Nez Perce Tribe in the Imnaha River subbasin during the 2001 and 2002 migration years. A migration year for the Imnaha River is defined here as beginning July 31 of the previous year and ending July 30 the following year. The conclusion of the studies at the end of migration year 2002 marked the 11th year of the Nez Perce Tribe's Lower Snake River Emigration Studies. The Nez Perce Tribe has participated in the Fish Passage Center's Smolt Monitoring Program for nine of the 11 years. These studies collect and tag juvenilemore » chinook salmon and steelhead at two locations in the fall, rkm 74 and rkm 7, and at rkm 7 during the spring. Data from captured and tagged fish provide an evaluation of hatchery production and releases strategies, post release survival of hatchery chinook salmon, abundance of natural chinook salmon, and downstream survival and arrival timing of natural and hatchery chinook salmon and steelhead. The hydrologic conditions that migrating fish encountered in 2001 were characterized as a drought and conditions in 2002 were characterized as below average. Hatchery chinook salmon had a mean fork length that was 34 mm greater in 2001 and 35 mm greater in 2002 than the mean fork length of natural chinook smolts. Hatchery steelhead smolt mean fork lengths were 39 mm greater than natural steelhead smolts in 2001 and 44 mm greater than natural steelhead smolt fork lengths in 2002. A significant difference (p < 0.05) between hatchery and natural chinook salmon and steelhead fork lengths has been documented by these emigration studies from 1997 to 2002. Hatchery chinook salmon were volitionally released in 2001 and 2002 and the 90% arrivals for 2001 and 2002 at the lower rkm 7 trap were within the range of past observations of 22 to 38 days observed in 1999 and 2000. We estimated that 93.9% of the 123,014 hatchery chinook salmon released in 2001 survived to the lower trap and 90.2% of the 303,769 hatchery chinook salmon released in 2002 survived to the lower trap. Post release survival estimates for hatchery chinook salmon were within the range of past estimates; 88.4% in 1998 to 100.9% in 1994. An estimated 7,646 to 23,249 (95% C.I.) natural chinook salmon smolts migrated past the lower Imnaha River trap from April 4 to April 22. An additional 6,767 to 14,706 (95% C.I.) natural chinook salmon smolts migrated past the lower Imnaha River trap from April 23 to May 14, 2002. Natural chinook salmon captured and tagged at the upper rkm 74 trap survived to Lower Granite Dam (LGR) at a rate of 28.8% during migration year 2001 and 21.9% during migration year 2002. The survival estimate for fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the lower trap to LGR was 41.9% in 2001 and 33.3% in 2002. Differences between survival from release to LGR for fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the lower trap have been 5.9% to 16.9% higher than for fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the upper trap from 1994 to 2002. Spring PIT tag release groups of natural chinook salmon, hatchery chinook salmon, and hatchery steelhead produced estimates of survival from the trap to LGR within the range of past estimates since 1993. Estimated survival from release to LGR for 2001 and 2002 were as follows: 83.7% and 86.9% for natural chinook salmon, 80.3% and 77.3% for hatchery chinook salmon, 82.7% and 81.8% for natural steelhead, and 82.0% and 83.0% for hatchery steelhead. Estimates of survival for spring tagged fish from the trap to Lower Monumental Dam (LMO) during the drought of 2001 were the lowest estimates of survival from 1998 to 2002 for natural chinook salmon, and from1997 to 2002 for natural and hatchery steelhead. Estimates of migration year 2001 survival from the trap to LMO were as follows: 65.6% - natural chinook salmon, 68.9% - hatchery chinook salmon, 49.7% natural steelhead, and 42.9% - hatchery steelhead. Estimates of migration year 2002 survival from the trap to LMO were as follows: 76.8% - natural chinook salmon, 68.1% - hatchery chinook salmon, 69.9% natural steelhead, and 78.0% - hatchery steelhead. A smolt-to-adult return rate (SAR) index from LGR to LGR was calculated for migrating pre-smolt and smolt natural chinook salmon, that were PIT tagged in the fall and spring at the lower trap, for brood years 1996 to 1998 (migration years 1998 to 2000). The SARs are representative of in-river Imnaha natural chinook salmon. The LGR to LGR SAR index for presmolt chinook salmon is as follows: 3.08% (BY 1996), 2.41% (BY 1997), and 2.98% (BY 1998). Smolt-to-adult return rate index for spring tagged smolts was lower: 1.75% (BY 1996), 2.24% (BY 1997) and 2.94% (BY 1998). Fall tagged natural chinook salmon from the upper and lower trap and spring tagged natural chinook salmon from the lower trap all had significantly different (p < 0.05) median and cumulative arrival timing at LGR during migration year 2001.« less

Joint Air-to-Surface Standoff Missile (JASSM)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

LRIP Decision/Contract Award JAN 2001 JAN 2001 JAN 2002 DEC 2001 Lot II Contract Award JAN 2002 JAN 2002 JAN 2003 NOV 2002 RAA /B-52 SEP 2002 SEP 2002...SEP 2003 SEP 2003 Milestone III OCT 2003 OCT 2003 JUL 2004 APR 2004 RAA /F-16 DEC 2003 DEC 2003 DEC 2004 DEC 2004 IOC/F/A-18 E/F JUN 2009 N/A N/A N/A...Engineering and Manufacturing Development PDRR - Program Definition and Risk Reduction RAA - Required Assets Available JASSM-ER Milestones SAR Baseline Prod

How to Use FASTLANEs to Protect IP Networks

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-08-18

parameters exists in its QoS database , then determine which VRF table is assigned to the QoS request. Once an association between the requested QoS and a...Generation, 18 Oct 2002 [30] TMOK: mistvan, MPLS for Linux How-To, 2001. [31] Italy (Telecom Italia Lab S.p.A.) and UK (CCSR, University of

76 FR 20870 - Protective Regulations for Killer Whales in the Northwest Region Under the Endangered Species Act...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-14

... spent foraging and significant increase in overall time spent traveling when vessels were present within... 1988; Forest 2001; Morton and Symonds 2002; Courbis 2004; Bejder et al. 2006); altering travel patterns... swimming faster, adopting less predictable travel paths, making shorter or longer dives, moving into open...

UV Exposure and Sun-Protective Behavior - Prevention Summary Table | Cancer Trends Progress Report

Cancer.gov

The Cancer Trends Progress Report, first issued in 2001, summarizes our nation's advances against cancer in relation to Healthy People targets set forth by the Department of Health and Human Services.

Progress of the Dust Accumulation and Removal Technology Experiment (DART) for the Mars 2001 Lander

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jenkins, Phillip; Landis, Geoffrey A.; Wilt, David; Krasowski, Michael; Greer, Lawrence; Baraona, Cosmo; Scheiman, David

2005-01-01

Dust deposition could be a significant problem for photovoltaic array operation for long duration missions on the surface of Mars. Measurements made by Pathfinder showed 0.3 percent loss of solar array performance per day due to dust obscuration. We have designed an experiment package, "DART", which is part of the Mars ISPP Precursor (MIP) package, to fly on the Mars-2001 Surveyor Lander. This mission, to launch in April 2001, will arrive on Mars in January 2002. The DART experiment is designed to quantify dust deposition from the Mars atmosphere, measure the properties of settled dust, measure the effect of dust deposition on array performance, and test several methods of clearing dust from solar cells.

Survey of the implementation of the recommendations in the Health Service Circular 2002/009 'Better Blood Transfusion'.

PubMed

Murphy, M F; Howell, C

2005-12-01

This report describes the results of questionnaire surveys in 2003 and 2004 on the implementation of the recommendations of the Health Service Circular (HSC) 'Better Blood Transfusion' 2002/009 for improving transfusion practice. These followed a similar survey in 2001 to determine the progress with the implementation of recommendations in the previous Health Service Circular (HSC) 'Better Blood Transfusion' 1998/224. There was a disappointing response rate (47%) to the 2003 survey and evidence for incomplete compliance with the action plan. It was repeated in April 2004 with a systematic approach to encouraging returns, and the response rate was 95%. The results indicate progress in the implementation of Better Blood Transfusion between 2001 and 2004 in relation to increases in the proportion of hospitals with Hospital Transfusion Committees, the training of some staff groups, the number of hospitals with transfusion practitioners, the development of protocols for the use of blood and audit activity. However, the results also indicate the need for further progress in the training of some staff groups, particularly nurses and doctors, the development of Hospital Transfusion Teams, the development of protocols for the appropriate use of blood, the provision of information to patients and the use of peri-operative cell salvage. This information should be used to plan further local, regional and national initiatives to implement the Better Blood Transfusion action plan and improve transfusion practice.

Redfish Lake Sockeye Salmon Captive Broodstock Rearing and Research, Annual Report 2001-2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Frost, Deborah; McAuley, W.; Maynard, Desmond

2003-04-01

The National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) Northwest Fisheries Science Center, in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Fish and Game and the Bonneville Power Administration, has established captive broodstock programs to aid recovery of Snake River sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka) listed as endangered under the U.S. Endangered Species Act (ESA). Captive broodstock and captive rearing programs are a form of artificial propagation that are emerging as an important component of restoration efforts for ESA-listed salmon populations that are at critically low numbers. Captive broodstocks, reared in captivity for the entire life cycle, couple the salmon's high fecundity with potentially highmore » survival in protective culture to produce large numbers of juveniles in a single generation for supplementation of natural populations. The captive broodstocks discussed in this report were intended to protect the last known remnants of sockeye salmon that return to Redfish Lake in the Sawtooth Basin of Idaho at the headwaters of the Salmon River. This report addresses NMFS activities from 1 September 2001 to 31 August 2002 on the Redfish Lake sockeye salmon captive broodstock and captive rearing program. NMFS currently has broodstocks in culture from year classes 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, and 2001 in both the captive breeding and captive rearing programs. Offspring from these programs are being returned to Idaho to aid recovery efforts for the species.« less

Teaching Scotland's Children: A Report on Progress in Implementing "A Teaching Profession for the 21st Century"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Her Majesty's Inspectorate of Education, 2007

2007-01-01

Published in January 2001, "A Teaching Profession for the 21st Century" (normally referred to in this report as the Teachers' Agreement), set out arrangements for a new salary scale and conditions of employment for teachers. From 2002 to 2006 HMIE carried out a review of the implementation of the Agreement working in partnership with…

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-01

mammary gland. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC, Swanson SM, Nandi S, Talamantes F. Refractoriness to mammary tumori... Thordarson G, Talamantes F, Nandi S. Short-term exposure to preg- nancy levels of estrogen prevents mammary carcino- genesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S...A 2001;98:11755–9. 12. Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S. Hormonal prevention of breast cancer: mimicking the protective

The New 2001-2002 Term. Supreme Court Roundup.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Charles F.

2001-01-01

Discusses the issues addressed during the 2001-2002 term of the U.S. Supreme Court, which convened on October 1, 2001: (1) school vouchers; (2) affirmative action; (3) online pornography; and (4) the death penalty. (CMK)

Government Doublethink: Protection or Suppression in Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Miriam A.

2003-01-01

Discusses regulations and actions related to government withholding, suppressing, and altering information since September 11, 2001. Topics include conflicting goals of an informed citizenry versus national security, science and technology progress versus protection of sensitive information, and public health versus ideology; political pressure;…

Arkansas 2002 traffic crash statistics

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

On all public roads in Arkansas during 2002 there were: : 70,904 total crashes reported, a 3.1 % increase from 2001 : 557 fatal crashes reported, a 3.5 % increase from 2001 : 641 fatalities reported, a 4.9 % increase from 2001 : 243 alcohol/drug rela...

Have We Made Progress? Stakeholder Perceptions of Technology Education in Public Secondary Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Michael D.; Washer, Barton A.; Watkins, Larae; Scott, Donald G.

2008-01-01

Akmal et al. (2002) and Sanders (2001) acknowledged the 100-year debate on the purpose[s] of technology education (TE) and its debatable ties to industrial arts. The debate has been further fueled by the fact most states classify TE as career and technical education. However, some of these states allow Carl D. Perkins federal funding to support TE…

Annual Research Progress Report. Fiscal Year 2003. Volume’s 1 and 2

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

transient ischemic attack, amaurosis fugax or stroke in the cerebral distribution of the operated side, 3) the occurrence of criteria for reoperation...Functional Severity and Recovery of Motor Limbs in Acute Brain Injury KEYWORDS: Stroke /Diagnostic assessment. PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: LTC...A Randomized Trial. (1/16/2001) 02-86002 655Knapik, Joseph, PhD DAC. Injury Control and Running Footwear. (3/12/2002) CHPPM 02-98001E

Postsecondary Institutions in the United States: Fall 2002 and Degrees and Other Awards Conferred: 2001-02. E.D. Tabs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knapp, Laura G.; Kelly, Janice E.; Whitmore, Roy W.; Wu, Shiying; Gallego, Lorraine M.

This report presents data from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS) fall 2002 data collection, which included institutional characteristics data for the 2002-2003 academic year and completions data covering the period July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002. Participation in IPEDS was a requirement for institutions that…

Remote Sensing for Threatened and Endangered Species Habitat Assessment on Military Lands: A Literature Review

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

and Tobalske 1999; Lenton et al. 2000; Puestow et al. 2001; de Leew et al. 2002; Lauver et al. 2002; Luoto et al. 2002; Reunanen et al. 2002...Remote Sensing of Environment, 82:322-334. Puestow , T. M., E. L. Simms, A. Simms, and K. Butler. 2001. “Mapping of salmon habitat parameters

Pathogen exposure and blood chemistry in the Washington population of northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni)

USGS Publications Warehouse

White, C. LeAnn; Schuler, Krysten L.; Thomas, Nancy J.; Webb, Julie L.; Saliki, Jeremiah T.; Ip, Hon S.; Dubey, J.P.; Frame, Elizabeth R.

2013-01-01

Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) from Washington State, United States were evaluated in 2011 to determine health status and pathogen exposure. Antibodies to Brucella spp. (10%) and influenza A virus (23%) were detected for the first time in this population in 2011. Changes in clinical pathology values (serum chemistries), exposure to pathogens, and overall health of the population over the last decade were assessed by comparing 2011 data to the data collected on this population in 2001–2002. Several serum chemistry parameters were different between study years and sexes but were not clinically significant. The odds of canine distemper virus exposure were higher for otters sampled in 2001–2002 (80%) compared to 2011 (10%); likelihood of exposure significantly increased with age. Prevalence of exposure to Sarcocystis neurona was also higher in 2001–2002 (29%) than in 2011 (0%), but because testing methods varied between study years the results were not directly comparable. Exposure to Leptospira spp. was only observed in 2001–2002. Odds of Toxoplasma gondii exposure were higher for otters sampled in 2011 (97%) than otters in 2001–2002 (58%). Substantial levels of domoic acid (n = 2) and saxitoxin (n = 2) were found in urine or fecal samples from animals sampled in 2011. No evidence of calicivirus or Coxiella burnetii exposure in the Washington population of northern sea otters was found in either 2001–2002 or 2011. Changes in exposure status from 2001–2002 to 2011 suggest that the Washington sea otter population may be dealing with new disease threats (e.g., influenza) while also increasing their susceptibility to diseases that may be highly pathogenic in naïve individuals (e.g., canine distemper).

Parents as Moderators of the Impact of School Norms and Peer Influences on Aggression in Middle School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farrell, Albert D.; Henry, David B.; Mays, Sally A.; Schoeny, Michael E.

2011-01-01

This study examined parenting variables as protective factors to reduce the influence of school and peer risk factors on adolescents' aggression. Five waves of data spanning 3 years were collected from 5,581 students at 37 schools who began the 6th grade in 2001 or 2002. Class-level and perceived school norms supporting aggression, delinquent peer…

Celebrating the Faces of Literacy. The Twenty-Fourth Yearbook: A Peer Reviewed Publication of the College Reading Association, 2002. [Papers from the College Reading Association Conference, 2001].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linder, Patricia E., Ed.; Sampson, Mary Beth, Ed.; Dugan, Jo Ann R., Ed.; Brancato, Barrie, Ed.

The College Reading Association believes and values literacy education for all as one way to protect people's freedoms. This 24th Yearbook celebrates the varied "faces" of literacy. The yearbook contains the following special articles: (Presidential Address) "What Is Johnny Reading? A Research Update" (Maria Valerie Gold);…

HEALTH EFFECTS ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLETHAL EXPOSURE TO MICROCYSTINS AMONG DIALYSIS PATIENTS, BRAZIL, 2001-2002

EPA Science Inventory

Background: During winter 2001-2002, an episode of microcystin exposure occurred among dialysis patients in Rio de Janiero, Brazil. During late November 2001, a cyanobacterial water bloom was detected in the Funil reservoir and the Guandu River, both of which supply drinking wate...

Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2002 and Financial Statistics, Fiscal Year 2002. E.D. Tabs. NCES 2005-168.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knapp, Laura G.; Kelly-Reid, Janice E.; Whitmore, Roy W.; Wu, Shiying; Huh, Seungho; Levine, Burton; Berzofsky, Marcus; Broyles, Susan G. Broyles, Susan G.

2005-01-01

This report is one of a series that presents findings from the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS). Results of the spring 2003 data collection are included and display enrollment data for fall 2002, student financial aid data for the 2001-02 academic year (July 1, 2001 through June 30, 2002), financial statistics for fiscal year…

Protection, promotion and support of breast-feeding in Europe: progress from 2002 to 2007.

PubMed

Cattaneo, Adriano; Burmaz, Tea; Arendt, Maryse; Nilsson, Ingrid; Mikiel-Kostyra, Krystyna; Kondrate, Irena; Communal, Marie José; Massart, Catherine; Chapin, Elise; Fallon, Maureen

2010-06-01

To assess progress in the protection, promotion and support of breast-feeding in Europe. Data for 2002 and 2007 were gathered with the same questionnaire. Of thirty countries, twenty-nine returned data for 2002, twenty-four for 2007. The number of countries with national policies complying with WHO recommendations increased. In 2007, six countries lacked a national policy, three a national plan, four a national breast-feeding coordinator and committee. Little improvement was reported in pre-service training; however, the number of countries with good coverage in the provision of WHO/UNICEF courses for in-service training increased substantially, as reflected in a parallel increase in the number of Baby Friendly Hospitals and the proportion of births taking place in them. Little improvement was reported as far as implementation of the International Code on Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes is concerned. Except for Ireland and the UK, where some improvement occurred, no changes were reported on maternity protection. Due to lack of standard methods, it was difficult to compare rates of breast-feeding among countries. With this in mind, slight improvements in the rates of initiation, exclusivity and duration were reported by countries where data at two points in time were available. Breast-feeding rates continue to fall short of global recommendations. National policies are improving slowly but are hampered by the lack of action on maternity protection and the International Code. Pre-service training and standard monitoring of breast-feeding rates are the areas where more efforts are needed to accelerate progress.

Infants and Toddlers, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kroenke, Lillian DeVault, Ed.

2002-01-01

This document is comprised of the 2001-2002 issues of a quarterly journal for teachers and parents of children in Montessori infant and toddler programs. The spring 2001 issue presents articles on the history of infant and toddler programs in Italy and how to fulfill infant needs in Montessori child care, and on learning activities in the kitchen…

The Indigenous World, 2001-2002 = El Mundo Indigena, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vinding, Diana, Ed.; Wessendorff, Kathrin, Ed.; Parellada, Alejandro, Ed.; Erni, Christian, Ed.; Jensen, Marianne, Ed.; Garcia-Alix, Lola, Ed.

This document contains the English and Spanish texts of an annual publication which examines political, social, environmental, and educational issues concerning indigenous peoples around the world in 2001-02. Part 1 describes current situations and events in 11 world regions: the Arctic; North America; Mexico and Central America; South America;…

Income in the United States: 2002. Current Population Reports. Consumer Income.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeNavas-Walt, Carmen; Cleveland, Robert W.; Webster, Bruce H., Jr.

Using data from the 2003 Current Population Survey Annual Social and Economic Supplement, this study found that real median household money income declined by 1.1 percent between 2001-2002 to $42,409. Real median household income was unchanged between 2001-2002 for three of four alternative income definitions. The fourth, real median household…

Progress of the Mars Array Technology Experiment (MATE) on the 2001 Lander

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheiman, David A.; Baraona, Cosmo; Wilt, Dave; Jenkins, Phil; Krasowski, Michael; Greer, Lawrence; Lekki, John; Spina, Daniel; Landis, Geoff

2005-01-01

NASA is planning missions to Mars every two years until 2010, these missions will rely on solar power. Sunlight on the surface of Mars is altered by airborne dust and fluctuates from day to day. The MATE flight experiment was designed to evaluate solar cell performance and will fly on the Mars 2001 surveyor Lander as part of the Mars In-Situ Propellant Production Precursor (MIP) package. MATE will measure several solar cell technologies and characterize the Martian environment's solar power. This will be done by measuring full IV curvers on solar cells, direct and global insolation, temperature, and spectral content. The lander is scheduled to launch in April 2001 and arrive on Mars in January of 2002. The site location has not been identified but will be near the equator, is a powered landing, and is baselined for 90 sols. The intent of this paper is to provide a brief overview of the MATE experiment and progress to date. The MATE Development Unit (DU) hardware has been built and has completed testing, work is beginning in the Qualification Unit which will start testing later this year, Flight Hardware is to be delivered next spring.

Observaciones geomagnéticas de la Isla Livingston, Antártida 2000, 2001 y campaña 2001-2002 %t Livingston Island geomagnetic observations, Antarctica 2000, 2001, and 2001-2002 survey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaya-Piqué, L.; Torta, J. M.; Curto, J. J.; Sanclement, E.; Marsal, S.; Solé, J. G.; Altadill, D.; Ugalde, A.; de Santis, A.; Apostolov, E. M.; Alberca, L. F.; Garcí A.

This CD-ROM presents the Livingston Island Geomagnetic Observatory Bulletin, edited by Observatori de l'Ebre, containing the data obtained during the years 2000, 2001 and the first two months of the year 2002. For the first time this Bulletin is edited in digital format, being it the continuation of the paper-edited series as Misceláneas 41, 42 and 43 (ISSN 0211-4534). The structure of the CD-ROM consists of one file with the Bulletin contents in PDF and of a tree of directories and subdirectories with the data corresponding to the different years and months of the Bulletin. These data files and their names were built according to the IAGA-2000 data exchange format.

Strategic Targeting and the War on Terror

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-04-07

Lehrer on The Newshour with Jim Lehrer, 22 May, 2002. 8 President Bush, Address to joint session of Congress, 20 September, 2001 9 Tabassum Zakaria...2001 Zakaria, Tabassum . “9/11 Inquiry: Terrorism Information Not Shared”, Reuters 1 October, 2002.

Recent changes in estuarine benthic and suprabenthic communities resulting from the development of harbour infrastructure.

PubMed

Dauvin, J C; Desroy, N; Janson, A L; Vallet, C; Duhamel, S

2006-01-01

Using a Before/During/After sampling protocol, the effects of the Le Havre harbour extension, which was started at the end of 2001, on the macrobenthic and suprabenthic communities in the eastern Bay of Seine (English Channel) were examined. As the construction phase has not yet been completed, the results presented here reflect only the data collected before and during the operations (September 2000 and 2002 for benthos sampling and March 2001, September 2001, October 2002 and March 2003 for suprabenthos sampling). Although bio-sedimentary changes did occur at the mouth of the Seine river, an analysis of benthic assemblages reveals that the dredging and construction operations do not seem to have influenced assemblage structure or the spatial distribution of organisms. Comparisons of the suprabenthic assemblages at each sampling date indicate that seasonal dynamics was mainly responsible for determining species distribution. We conclude that, 1 year into the harbour management plan, the observed changes in benthic and suprabenthic assemblage abundance do not exceed the range of spatial variability that exists naturally in the Seine estuary. Despite this compensatory actions designed to protect the aquatic habitats and to preserve a sustainable and healthy ecosystem have been added to the infrastructure development plan.

Developments in School Finance, 2001-02. Fiscal Proceedings from the Annual State Data Conferences of July 2001 and July 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowler, William J., Jr., Ed.

The papers collected for this volume were selected from the fiscal proceedings of the 2001 and 2002 conferences of the National Center for Education Statistics. They represent current research in public-school education finance. The papers are as follows: "What We Know and What We Need to Know About Vouchers and Charter Schools" (Brian…

Precipitation; ground-water age; ground-water nitrate concentrations, 1995-2002; and ground-water levels, 2002-03 in Eastern Bernalillo County, New Mexico

USGS Publications Warehouse

Blanchard, Paul J.

2004-01-01

The eastern Bernalillo County study area consists of about 150 square miles and includes all of Bernalillo County east of the crests of the Sandia and Manzanita Mountains. Soil and unconsolidated alluvial deposits overlie fractured and solution-channeled limestone in most of the study area. North of Interstate Highway 40 and east of New Mexico Highway 14, the uppermost consolidated geologic units are fractured sandstones and shales. Average annual precipitation at three long-term National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration precipitation and snowfall data-collection sites was 14.94 inches at approximately 6,300 feet (Sandia Ranger Station), 19.06 inches at about 7,020 feet (Sandia Park), and 23.07 inches at approximately 10,680 feet (Sandia Crest). The periods of record at these sites are 1933-74, 1939-2001, and 1953-79, respectively. Average annual snowfall during these same periods of record was 27.7 inches at Sandia Ranger Station, 60.8 inches at Sandia Park, and 115.5 inches at Sandia Crest. Seven precipitation data-collection sites were established during December 2000-March 2001. Precipitation during 2001-03 at three U.S. Geological Survey sites ranged from 66 to 94 percent of period-of-record average annual precipitation at corresponding National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration long-term sites in 2001, from 51 to 75 percent in 2002, and from 34 to 81 percent during January through September 2003. Missing precipitation records for one site resulted in the 34-percent value in 2003. Analyses of concentrations of chlorofluorocarbons CFC-11, CFC-12, and CFC-113 in ground-water samples from nine wells and one spring were used to estimate when the sampled water entered the ground-water system. Apparent ages of ground water ranged from as young as about 10 to 16 years to as old as about 20 to 26 years. Concentrations of dissolved nitrates in samples collected from 24 wells during 2001-02 were similar to concentrations in samples collected from the same wells during 1995, 1997, and (or) 1998. Nitrate concentrations in two wells were larger than the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency primary drinking-water regulation of 10 milligrams per liter in 1998 and in 2001. Ground-water levels were measured during June and July 2002 and during June, July, and August 2003 in 18 monitoring wells. The median change in water level for all 18 wells was a decline of 2.03 feet.

An assessment of mother-to-child HIV transmission prevention in 16 pilot antenatal clinics in Jamaica.

PubMed

Harvey, K M; Figueroa, J P; Tomlinson, J; Gebre, Y; Forbes, S; Toyloy, T; Thompson, T; Thompson, K

2004-10-01

This study aims to determine the number and age distribution of pregnant women testing positive for HIV at 16 selected clinics in Jamaica between 2001 and 2002; the utilization of therapeutic interventions to minimize the risk of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) and the current status of the HIV-exposed infants and, finally, the number of children who received testing for detection of HIV and to calculate the incidence of MTCT in these children. A retrospective study was carried out at sixteen pilot clinic sites by examining the patient records for all confirmed HIV-positive pregnant mothers and the resultant infants at these facilities for the period January 2001 to December 2002. One hundred and twenty-three of 8116 pregnant women newly tested positive during the period January 2001 to December 2002; however, 176 HIV+ women delivered. Fifty-three (30%) knew their HIV status prior to participating in the programme. Sixty-two (1.4%) and 61 (1.6%) tested positive in 2001 and 2002, respectively. One hundred and ten (77%) and 113 (83%) mothers and infants, respectively, received ARV therapy, (92% - nevirapine, 8% - zidovudine). Twenty-three per cent of pregnant women received no ARV Forty-four (25.0%) of the 176 infants had a documented ELISA HIV test before eighteen months of age, none had a PCR test. The health status of 40 (23%) of these children was known: 30 (75%) were alive and well, five of whom did not receive any ARV, one (2.5%) was alive and ill and nine (22.5%) were reported dead, five of whom received ARV; 28.6% of infants who did not receive ARV were reported as either dead or ill compared to 13.8% of those receiving ARV CONCLUSION: Though the majority of pregnant women discovered their HIV status during pregnancy, a significant number got pregnant knowing that they were HIV+. The majority of mothers and infants received ARV but the follow-up and testing of infants was limited. Nevirapine is clearly protective in the prevention of MTCT of HIV and should be made universally accessible. All infants delivered to HIV+ mothers should be identified and tested for HIV.

ASSOCIATION OF URINARY PERCHLORATE WITH INDIRECT MEASURES OFTHYROID DYSFUNCTION BASED ON NHANES 2001-2002

EPA Science Inventory

Background/Aims: Perchlorate is a widespread environmental pollutant. Previous population studies based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002, showed that urinary perchlorate concentrations were associated with increased levels of thyroid stim...

Smolt Monitoring Program Comparative Survival Rate Study (CSS); Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, Annual Report 2001-2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jonasson, Brian; Carmichael, Richard

2003-05-01

We PIT-tagged juvenile spring chinook salmon reared at Lookingglass Hatchery in October 2001 as part of the Comparative Survival Rate Study (CSS) for migratory year (MY) 2002. We tagged 20,998 Imnaha stock spring chinook salmon, and after mortality and tag loss, we allowed the remaining 20,920 fish to leave the acclimation pond at our Imnaha River satellite facility beginning 21 March 2002 to begin their seaward migration. The fish remaining in the pond were forced out on 17 April 2002. We tagged 20,973 Catherine Creek stock captive brood progeny spring chinook salmon, and after mortality and tag loss, we allowedmore » the remaining 20,796 fish to leave the acclimation ponds at our Catherine Creek satellite facility beginning 1 April 2001 to begin their seaward migration. The fish remaining in the ponds were forced out on 15 April 2001. We estimated survival rates, from release to Lower Granite Dam in MY 2002, for three stocks of hatchery spring chinook salmon tagged at Lookingglass Hatchery to determine their relative migration performance. Imnaha River stock and Lostine River stock survival rates were similar and were higher than the survival rate of Catherine Creek stock. We PIT-tagged 20,950 BY 2001 Imnaha River stock and 20,820 BY 2001 Catherine Creek stock captive brood progeny in October 2002 as part of the CSS for MY 2003. At the time the fish were transferred from Lookingglass Hatchery to the acclimation site, the rates of mortality and tag loss for Imnaha River stock were 0.14% and 0.06%, respectively. Catherine Creek stock, during the same period, had rates of mortality and tag loss of 0.57% and 0.31%, respectively. There was slightly elevated mortality, primarily from BKD, in one raceway of Catherine Creek stock at Lookingglass Hatchery for BY 2001.« less

2002 Michigan traffic crash facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-05-19

The 2002 traffic fatality count was 1,279, down 3.7 percent from the 2001 figure of 1,328. : Compared with 2001, injuries were down 0.2 percent and total crashes were down 1.3 : percent. These figures translated into a death rate of 1.3 per 100 milli...

Western Pond Turtle Head-starting and Reintroduction; 2002-2003 Progress Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Leuven, Susan; Allen, Harriet; Slavin, Kate

2004-02-01

This report covers the results of the western pond turtle head-starting and reintroduction project for the period of June 2002-September 2003. Wild hatchling western pond turtles from the Columbia River Gorge were reared at the Woodland Park and Oregon Zoos in 2002 and 2003 as part of the recovery effort for this Washington State endangered species. The objective of the program is to reduce losses to introduced predators like bullfrogs and largemouth bass by raising the hatchlings to a size where they are too large to be eaten by most of these predators. In 2002, 27 females from the twomore » Columbia Gorge populations were equipped with transmitters and monitored until they nested. Four more females carrying old transmitters were also monitored; only one of these transmitters lasted through the nesting season. In 2003, 30 females were monitored. Twenty-three of the females monitored in 2002 nested and produced 84 hatchlings. The hatchlings were collected in fall 2002 and reared in captivity at the Woodland Park and Oregon zoos in the head-start program. Twenty-seven of the turtles monitored in 2003 nested. Six of the turtles nested twice, producing a total of 33 nests. The nests will be checked in September and October 2003 for hatchlings. Of 121 head-started juvenile western pond turtles collected in the Columbia Gorge during the 2001 nesting season, 119 were released at three sites in the Columbia Gorge in 2002, and 2 held over for additional growth. Of 86 turtles reared in the head-start program at the Woodland Park and Oregon Zoos fall 2002 through summer 2003, 67 were released at sites in the Columbia Gorge in summer of 2003, and 15 held over for more growth. Fifty-nine juveniles were released at Pierce National Wildlife Refuge in July 2002, and 51 released there in July 2003. Sixteen of those released in 2002 and 16 released in 2003 were instrumented with radio transmitters and monitored for varying amounts of time for survival and habitat use between the time of release and August 2003, together with juveniles from the 2001 release which were monitored from June 2001 through August 2003, and juveniles from the 2000 release which were monitored from August 2000 through August 2003. The number of functioning transmitters varied due to transmitter failures and detachments, and availability of replacement transmitters, as well as opportunities to recapture turtles. By August 15, 2003, a total of 39 turtles were being monitored: 6 from the 2000 release, 8 from the 2001 release, 10 from the 2002 release, and 15 from the 2003 release. During the 2002 field season trapping effort, 280 turtles were captured in the Columbia Gorge, including 236 previously head-started turtles. During the 2003 trapping season, 349 turtles were captured in the Columbia Gorge; 304 of these had been head-started. These recaptures, together with confirmed nesting by head-start females and visual re-sightings, indicate the program is succeeding in boosting juvenile recruitment to increase the populations. Records were also collected on 160 individual painted turtles captured in 2002 and 189 painted turtles captured in 2003 during trapping efforts at Pierce NWR, to gather baseline information on this native population. Eight female painted turtles were monitored by telemetry during the 2002 nesting season; 4 nests were recorded for these animals, plus 35 nests located incidentally. Preferred habitat for nesting was identified based on the telemetry results, to be considered in anticipating future turtle habitat needs and in management planning at Pierce NWR. Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) funding supported activities in the Columbia River Gorge from June 2002 through September 2003.« less

Biochemical Markers of Brain Injury: An Integrated Proteomics-Based Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-02-01

1. REPORT DATE 01-02-2007 2. REPORT TYPE Final 3. DATES COVERED 1 Feb 2003 – 31 Jan 2007 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER...Pineda, et al, in press). The second review (Denslow, et al, J Neurotrauma, 2003 ) provides an important resource for application of proteomics...Aebersold and Watts, 2002; Grant & Blackstock, 2001; Grant & Husi, 2001; Hanash, 2003 ; Hochstrasser et al., 2002; Service, 2001; Smith, 2000). Yet, the

Albeni Falls Wildlife Mitigation : Annual Report 2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Terra-Berns, Mary

The Albeni Falls Interagency Work Group continued to actively engage in implementing wildlife mitigation actions in 2002. Regular Work Group meetings were held to discuss budget concerns affecting the Albeni Falls Wildlife Mitigation Program, to present potential acquisition projects, and to discuss and evaluate other issues affecting the Work Group and Project. Work Group members protected 1,386.29 acres of wildlife habitat in 2002. To date, the Albeni Falls project has protected approximately 5,914.31 acres of wildlife habitat. About 21% of the total wildlife habitat lost has been mitigated. Administrative activities have increased as more properties are purchased and continue tomore » center on restoration, operation and maintenance, and monitoring. In 2001, Work Group members focused on development of a monitoring and evaluation program as well as completion of site-specific management plans. This year the Work Group began implementation of the monitoring and evaluation program performing population and plant surveys, data evaluation and storage, and map development as well as developing management plans. Assuming that the current BPA budget restrictions will be lifted in the near future, the Work Group expects to increase mitigation properties this coming year with several potential projects.« less

Development of OTM Syngas Process and Testing of Syngas Derived Ultra-clean Fuels in Diesel Engines and Fuel Cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

E.T.; James P. Meagher; Prasad Apte

2002-12-31

This topical report summarizes work accomplished for the Program from November 1, 2001 to December 31, 2002 in the following task areas: Task 1: Materials Development; Task 2: Composite Development; Task 4: Reactor Design and Process Optimization; Task 8: Fuels and Engine Testing; 8.1 International Diesel Engine Program; 8.2 Nuvera Fuel Cell Program; and Task 10: Program Management. Major progress has been made towards developing high temperature, high performance, robust, oxygen transport elements. In addition, a novel reactor design has been proposed that co-produces hydrogen, lowers cost and improves system operability. Fuel and engine testing is progressing well, but wasmore » delayed somewhat due to the hiatus in program funding in 2002. The Nuvera fuel cell portion of the program was completed on schedule and delivered promising results regarding low emission fuels for transportation fuel cells. The evaluation of ultra-clean diesel fuels continues in single cylinder (SCTE) and multiple cylinder (MCTE) test rigs at International Truck and Engine. FT diesel and a BP oxygenate showed significant emissions reductions in comparison to baseline petroleum diesel fuels. Overall through the end of 2002 the program remains under budget, but behind schedule in some areas.« less

NOVEL ASSOCIATIONS BETWEEN URINARY PERCHLORATE AND POTENTIALLY RELEVANT EFFECTS ON RISK FACTORS FOR HEART DISEASE BASED ON NHANES 2001-2002

EPA Science Inventory

Perchlorate is a widespread environmental pollutant, and is a thyroid hormone disruptor. A previous population study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002 database showed that urinary perchlorate concentrations were associated with signi...

NLC Past Workshops & Conferences

Science.gov Websites

NLC Technical SLAC Meeting Schedule Web Comments 2004 Calendar Year 2003 Calendar Year 2003 Chronological listing 2002 Calendar Year 2002 Chronological listing 2001 Calendar Year 2001 Chronological listing 2000 Calendar Year 2000 Chronological listing 1999 Calendar Year 1999 Chronological listing This

77 FR 27849 - Qualification of Drivers; Exemption Applications; Vision

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-11

...-5748; FMCSA-2001-11426; FMCSA-2002-11714; FMCSA- 2009-0011; FMCSA-2010-0050] Qualification of Drivers... Federal Docket Management System (FDMS) numbers: FMCSA-1999-5748; FMCSA-2001-11426; FMCSA-2002-11714...) Lawrence C. Moody (NJ) Stanley W. Nunn (TN) Bobby C. Spencer (TN) Kevin R. Stoner (PA) The exemptions are...

Association between Perchlorate and indirect indicators of thyroid dysfunction in NHANES 2001-2002, a Cross-Sectional, Hypothesis-Generating Study

EPA Science Inventory

Background: A previous study observed associations of urinary perchlorate with thyroid hormones based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2001-2002. Increased levels of urinary perchlorate were associated with increased levels of thyroid stimulating h...

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-06-01

and differentiation in the rodent mammary gland. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC, Swanson SM, Nandi S, Talamantes F...8. 11. Rajkumar L, Guzman RC, Yang J, Thordarson G, Talamantes F, Nandi S. Short-term exposure to preg- nancy levels of estrogen prevents mammary...carcino- genesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:11755–9. 12. Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S. Hormonal prevention of

Combinations of Earth Orientation Measurements: SPACE2001, COMB2001, and POLE2001

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gross, Richard S.

2002-01-01

Independent Earth-orientation measurements taken by the space-geodetic techniques of lunar and satellite laser ranging, very long baseline interferometry, and the global positioning system have been combined using a Kalman filter. The resulting combined Earth-orientation series, SPACE2001, consists of values and uncertainties for Universal Time, polar motion, and their rates that span from September 28.0, 1976 to January 19.0, 2002 at daily intervals. The space-geodetic measurements used to generate SPACE2001 have been combined with optical astrometric measurements to form two additional combined Earth-orientation series: (1) COMB2001, consisting of values and uncertainties for Universal Time, polar motion, and their rates that span from January 20.0, 1962 to January 15.0, 2002 at five-day intervals, and (2) POLE2001, consisting of values and uncertainties for polar motion and its rates that span from January 20, 1900 to December 21, 2001 at 30.4375-day intervals.

Foundation for Child Development Annual Report, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foundation for Child Development, New York, NY.

This annual report details the activities of the Foundation for Child Development (FCD) for 2001-2002. Beginning the report is a brief description of the Foundations mission, its funding priorities, and application procedures. The report then presents the joint statement of the chair, Karen Gerard, and the president, Ruby Takanishi, focusing on…

Ayuda economica: Guia para estudiantes, 2001-2002 (Financial Aid: Student Guide, 2001-2002).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Student Financial Assistance (ED), Washington, DC.

This guide, written in Spanish, describes federal student aid programs for postsecondary education and how to apply for them. It begins by outlining sources for learning about student aid, such as school financial aid administrators, state higher education agencies, foundations, organizations related to particular fields of interest and toll-free…

Perkins Core Performance Measures: Results and Targets, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McHewitt, Earl R.; Taylor, Garry

This report addresses the Virginia Community College System's (VCCS) core performance standards and measures for the years 2001-2002. There are four core indicators through which the VCCS is assessed. They are the following: (1) student attainment including academic and technical skills; (2) completion/graduation rate using first time, full-time…

Set Up to Fail: Charter Passenger Airlines and the Civil Reserve Air Fleet

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-21

1. 16 Teagan, Shawn E. CRAF 2002-An Analysis of CRAF Participation Since September 2001. Graduate Research Project. AFIT/ GMO /ENS/02E-12. Graduate...Teagan, Shawn E. CRAF 2002-An Analysis of CRAF Participation Since September 2001. Graduate Research Project. AFIT/ GMO /ENS/02E-12. Graduate School

Responding to a Strong Economy. Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board 2001-2002 Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alberta Learning, Edmonton. Apprenticeship and Industry Training.

In 2001-2002, the Alberta Apprenticeship and Industry Training Board continued its collaboration with industry, government, and educators to maintain high standards of training and improve access to technical training. The board continued to strengthen the network of local and provincial apprenticeship committees, occupational committees, and…

Progress in measles control--Kenya 2002-2007.

PubMed

2007-09-21

In 2000, countries represented by the World Health Organization (WHO) Regional Office for Africa established a goal to reduce, by the end of 2005, measles mortality to 50% of the 506,000 deaths from measles estimated in 1999. Strategies adopted included strengthening routine vaccination, providing a second opportunity for measles vaccination through supplemental immunization activities (SIAs), monitoring disease trends, and improving measles case management. In Kenya, an east African country with a population estimated at 33.4 million in 2005, the Kenya Expanded Programme on Immunization (KEPI) in the Ministry of Health began implementing these strategies in 2002 with a wide age range catch-up SIA and reduced the number of reported measles cases by >99%, from 11,304 in 2001 to 20 in 2004. A follow-up SIA, initially scheduled for July 2005, was postponed to 2006 to include concurrent distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated bednets (LLINs). This report documents progress made in reducing measles morbidity and mortality in Kenya and describes the consequences of a large measles outbreak, beginning in September 2005, on the integrated measles follow-up SIA.

Antibody response to influenza vaccination in nursing home residents and healthcare workers during four successive seasons in Niigata, Japan.

PubMed

Sato, Mizuho; Saito, Reiko; Tanabe, Naohito; Nishikawa, Makoto; Sasaki, Asami; Gejyo, Fumitake; Suzuki, Hiroshi

2005-11-01

To evaluate the antibody response to influenza vaccines in nursing home residents and healthcare workers (HCWs) and its relation to residents' functional and chronic disease status during four successive seasons. Before-after study. Nine nursing homes during the 1998-1999 season and two during the 1999-2000, 2000-2001, and 2001-2002 seasons. Two hundred fifty-nine residents and 79 HCWs during the 1998-1999 season; 180 and 71, respectively, during the 1999-2000 season; 162 and 71, respectively, during the 2000-2001 season; and 153 and 79, respectively, during the 2001-2002 season. Multivariate analysis indicated that the mean fold increase in the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies and the response rate (the proportion of vaccinees resulting in a significant, at least fourfold increase in antibody titer) were good and no significant differences occurred for almost all strains in both residents and HCWs. The GMTs of HI antibodies and the protection rate (the proportion of participants with HI antibody titers > or = 40) were increased in both residents and HCWs, but were significantly lower for almost all strains in residents than in HCWs. Furthermore, multivariate analysis indicated that subdivision of residents into three groups by level of daily activities and into four groups according to underlying diseases revealed only minor differences in immune responses. Antibody responses to the influenza vaccine were lower in residents than in HCWs. However, residents showed similar antibody responses regardless of their level of daily activity or underlying diseases.

Synthesis, Microstructure and Properties of Nickel Aluminide Foams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dunand, David C.

2003-01-01

Two Ph.D. students were involved in the project: Mr. Christopher Schuh (part-time, graduated in Spring 2001) and Ms. Andrea Hodge (full-time, graduated Summer 2002). One post-doctoral fellow, Dr. Heeman Choe, worked full-time on the project from July to December 2002. A new process to aluminize and chromize nickel foams was created. A kinetic aluminization model was developed. Creep testing was conducted on the foams. A finite-element model and a simplified analytical model for foam creep were produced. Four articles were written: one is published, two are accepted for publication, and one is in preparation. Ms. Hodge spent four months at NASA Glenn Research Center (9-12/2001 and 2-3/2002) under the supervision of Dr. Nathal. She conducted research on NiAl foam fabrication, mechanical testing and numerical modeling. She gave a talk at the ASM annual conference in November 2001 and presented her results at NASA in December 2001.

Can U.S.-Led Efforts Reduce Piracy in the Malacca and Singapore Straits?

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-10

International Chamber of Commerce and sponsor for the Piracy Reporting Centre (IMB-PRC) in Kuala Lumpur, defines piracy as “the act of boarding any...Report - 2001, IMO Circular MSC.4/Circ.16 (London: 31 March 2002), 17-18. 25 International Chamber of Commerce , “Excerpt from the ICC Piracy...Report, 2001… Trends,” 2002, <http://www.iccwbo.org/home/news_archives /2002/excerpt_ trends.asp>, [01 December 2004]. 26 International Chamber of Commerce , “ICC

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the 2001-2002 NASA "Why?" Files Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Frank, Kari Lou; Lambert, Matthew A.

2002-01-01

This report contains the results of the evaluation conducted for the 2001-2002 NASA 'Why?' Files program that was conducted in March 2002. The analysis is based on the results of 139 surveys collected from educators registered for the program. Respondents indicated that (1) the programs in the series are aligned with the national mathematics, science, and technology standards; (2) the programs are developmentally (grade level) appropriate; and (3) the programs enhance and enrich the teaching and learning of mathematics, science, and technology.

Changes in body mass index and the prevalence of obesity during 1994-2008: repeated cross-sectional surveys and longitudinal analyses. The Tromsø Study.

PubMed

Jacobsen, Bjarne K; Aars, Nils Abel

2015-06-12

To determine the mean body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) and prevalence of low weight (BMI<20) and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) in 3 population-based surveys, and to describe the longitudinal changes during 1994-2008 in mean BMI, and the prevalence of low weight and obesity. A population study in Tromsø, Norway. A total of 29,688 different participants in 1 or more of 3 surveys (1994-1995, 2001-2002 and 2007-2008). Longitudinal analyses comprised 9845 participants aged 25-69 in 1994 who participated in the 1994-1995 and 2007-2008 surveys and 4202 men and women who participated in all 3 surveys. Mean age-specific and sex-specific BMI, prevalence of low weight and obesity, and changes in BMI and prevalence of low weight and obesity during 1994-2008, according to sex and birth cohort. The age-adjusted (ages 30-84) prevalence of obesity increased from 9.8% and 11.8% in men and women, respectively, in 1994-1995 to 20.9% and 18.5%, respectively, in 2007-2008. The increase in mean age-adjusted BMI was stronger from 1994-1995 to 2001-2002 than from 2001-2002 to 2007-2008. Longitudinal results confirmed that the change in BMI from 1994-1995 to 2001-2002 was larger (0.9 kg/m(2) (95% CI 0.8 to 1.0) in men and 1.3 kg/m(2) (95% CI 1.2 to 1.4) in women) than from 2001-2002 to 2007-2008 (0.2 kg/m(2) (95% CI 0.1 to 0.3) in men and women). The most recently born had the largest increase (p<0.001). The mean BMI and the prevalence of obesity are still increasing in Tromsø, and the increase is strongest in the youngest age groups. However, the increase in BMI was less marked in the last period (from 2001-2002 to 2007-2008) than in the first period (1994-1995 to 2001-2002). Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Report for the River Master of the Delaware River for the Period December 1, 2001-November 30, 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Krejmas, Bruce E.; Paulachok, Gary N.; Carswell, William J.

2006-01-01

A Decree of the United States Supreme Court in 1954 established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey. In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 49th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2002 River Master report year, that is, the period from December 1, 2001, to November 30, 2002. During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 2.73 in. greater than the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was at a record low level on December 1, 2001. Reservoir storage increased steadily from mid-winter until late June. Storage declined steadily from early July to mid-October then increased through the end of the year. Delaware River operations were conducted at reduced levels from December 1, 2001, to May 25, 2002, when drought emergency conditions prevailed, and as prescribed by the Decree from May 26, 2002, to November 30, 2002. Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in compliance with the terms of the Decree or with the reduced limits in effect during drought emergency conditions. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 101 days during the report year. Releases were made at experimental conservation rates-or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs-on all other days. During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and during drought emergency conditions, with the terms of the 'Interstate Water Management Recommendations of the Parties to the Decree' (DRBC Resolution 83-13), and directives and requests of the River Master. As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected by electronic instruments at four sites, and data on water temperature and specific conductance were collected at one site. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 3 sites on a monthly basis and at 19 sites on a semimonthly basis.

Exubera. Inhale therapeutic systems.

PubMed

Bindra, Sanjit; Cefalu, William T

2002-05-01

Inhale, in colaboration with Pfizer and Aventis Pharma (formerly Hoechst Marion Roussel; HMR), is developing an insulin formulation utilizing its pulmonary delivery technology for macromolecules for the potential treatment of type I and II diabetes. By July 2001, the phase III program had been completed and the companies had begun to assemble data for MAA and NDA filings; however, it was already clear at this time that additional data might be required for filing. By December 2001, it had been decided that the NDA should include an increased level of controlled, long-term pulmonary safety data in diabetic patients and a major study was planned to be completed in 2002, with the NDA filed thereafter (during 2002). US-05997848 was issued to Inhale Therapeutic Systems in December 1999, and corresponds to WO-09524183, filed in February 1995. Equivalent applications have appeared to date in Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Czech Republic, Europe, Finland, Hungary, Japan, Norway, New Zealand, Poland and South Africa. This family of applications is specific to pulmonary delivery of insulin. In February 1999, Lehman Brothers gave this inhaled insulin a 60% probability of reaching market, with a possible launch date of 2001. The analysts estimated peak sales at $3 billion in 2011. In May 2000, Aventis predicted that estimated peak sales would be in excess of $1 billion. In February 2000, Merrill Lynch expected product launch in 2002 and predicted that it would be a multibillion-dollar product. Analysts Merril Lynch predicted, in September and November 2000, that the product would be launched by 2002, with sales in that year of e75 million, rising to euro 500 million in 2004. In April 2001, Merrill Lynch predicted that filing for this drug would occur in 2001. Following the report of the potential delay in regulatory filing, issued in July 2001, Deutsche Banc Alex Brown predicted a filing would take place in the fourth quarter of 2002 and launch would take place in the first quarter of 2003. In August 2001, Lehman Brothers predicted that launch would take place in the first half of 2002 and that the product would make sales of $475 million in 2003, rising to $875 million in 2004. In the same month, Deutsche Bank predicted that there would be worldwide sales of $50 million in 2003, rising to $400 million in 2005. At this time, analysts at Credit Suisse predicted a launch of the product in 2003, with sales of $70 million in that year, rising to $550 million in 2005. By October 2001, Deutsche Bank predicted sales of $50 million in 2004 and $250 million in 2005. In September 2001, Morgan Stanley predicted sales of $500 million in 2002, rising to $1250 million in 2006.

Invasive Haemophilus influenzae type b infections in vaccinated and unvaccinated children in Canada, 2001–2003

PubMed Central

Scheifele, David; Halperin, Scott; Law, Barbara; King, Arlene

2005-01-01

Background Although vaccination of infants against Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) invasive infections is effective and has been routinely available in Canada since 1992, cases of the disease continue to occur. We were interested in determining whether recent cases of Hib infection reflected progressive loss of protection with time since vaccination, increasing nonacceptance of vaccination or a deleterious effect of coadministration of recently introduced vaccines such as those for pneumococcal and meningococcal conjugates and hepatitis B. We report on the causes of Hib infections among vaccinated and unvaccinated children between 2001 and 2003 in Canada. Methods Through our established network of 12 pediatric tertiary care hospitals we actively searched for cases in each centre by reviewing daily admissions and laboratory reports, visiting the wards and checking discharge diagnosis codes. Culture-confirmed cases were summarized by nurse monitors using a standardized reporting system. Results We identified 29 cases during the 3 years: 16 in 2001, 10 in 2002 and 3 in 2003. Half of the 29 patients had meningitis. Hib infection was more common among children less than 6 months of age (11 cases) and in boys (20 cases). Two deaths occurred (7% case-fatality ratio). A total of 20 children had received no or incomplete primary vaccination because of parental refusal (7 cases), because they were too young to have completed the primary series (11 cases, including 1 in which parental refusal was also a factor) or because of delays in completing the primary series (2 cases); the vaccination history was uncertain in the remaining case. Infection despite primary vaccination occurred in 9 children: 2 previously healthy children and 7 who were immunocompromised or who had a predisposing condition. None of the cases identified in 2003 involved children who had received any of the newly introduced vaccines. Interpretation Invasive Hib infections remain rare in Canada, with most cases occurring in children too young to have completed the primary series. Protection after vaccination appears to extend into later childhood and does not appear to be diminished by coadministration of newer infant vaccines. PMID:15632405

Parkland College Transfer Program Graduate Follow-Up Survey, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkland Coll., Champaign, IL. Office of Institutional Research and Evaluation.

This study presents findings from the 2001-2002 Transfer Program Follow-Up Survey of Parkland College (Illinois) graduates. A total of 423 students from baccalaureate/transfer programs were contacted approximately 6 weeks after graduation. Of those, 253 returned surveys, for a response rate of 59.8%. More than 58% of respondents were female, 81%…

Programs Offered and Programs Completed at North Dakota Institutions of Postsecondary Education, July 1, 2001-June 30, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Dakota Univ. System, Bismarck.

This report provides information on degree and certificate programs offered and student program completions for fiscal year 2001-2002 in North Dakota's public and private postsecondary education institutions. Institutional programs are coded in accordance with the Classification of Instructional Programs (CIP Code) system provided by the National…

Imagine...Opportunities and Resources for Academically Talented Youth, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hartman, Melissa, Ed.

2002-01-01

This collection of 5 issues of Imagine cover the time period from November/December 2001 through May/June 2002. Designed for gifted youth, the issues focus on dramatic arts, physics and astronomy, communications, law and politics, and robotics, and contain the following featured articles: (1) The Story of a Play (Gemma Cooper-Novack); (2)…

The "Isms" of Art. Introduction to the 2001-2002 Clip and Save Art Prints.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbard, Guy

2001-01-01

Provides an introduction to the 2001-2002 Clip and Save Art Prints that will focus on ten art movements from the past 150 years. Includes information on three art movements, or "isms": Classicism, Romanticism, and Realism. Discusses the Clip and Save Art Print format and provides information on three artists. (CMK)

The Airline Quality Rating 2002

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bowen, Brent D.; Headley, Dean E.

2002-01-01

The Airline Quality Rating (AQR) was developed and first announced in early 1991 as an objective method of comparing airline quality on combined multiple performance criteria. This current report, Airline Quality Rating 2002, reflects monthly Airline Quality Rating scores for 2001. AQR scores for the calendar year 2001 are based on 15 elements that focus on airline performance areas important to air travel consumers. The Airline Quality Rating 2002 is a summary of month-by-month quality ratings for the 11 largest U.S. airlines operating during 2001. Using the Airline Quality Rating system of weighted averages and monthly performance data in the areas of on-time arrivals, involuntary denied boardings, mishandled baggage, and a combination of 12 customer complaint categories, airlines comparative performance for the calendar year of 2001 is reported. This research monograph contains a brief summary of the AQR methodology, detailed data and charts that track comparative quality for domestic airline operations for the 12-month period of 2001, and industry average results. Also, comparative Airline Quality Rating data for 2000 are included for each airline to provide historical perspective regarding performance quality in the industry.

[Radiation protection in orthopaedics: implications for clinical practice of the new regulations governing roentgen ray irradiation and radioprotection].

PubMed

Nestle, U; Berlich, J

2006-05-01

In 2001 or 2002, the legislator made substantial alterations to the "Röntgenverordnung" [regulations governing use of roentgen ray radiation] and "Strahlenschutzverordnung" [regulations governing radiation protection]. This was done to bring German law in line with EU Directives 96/29/Euratom (basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation) and 97/43/Euratom (health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation in relation to medical exposure). Proper use of radiation in medicine requires that those involved in its application are aware of the biological effects of radiation. When staff and others are protected good organization and appropriate technology at the workplace can achieve a great deal. In the new directives, the radiation protection for the patient is quantified and the responsibility of the physician is clearly pointed out. The most important aim is uniform quality throughout Europe in radiological diagnosis and radiation protection.

[Radiation protection. Implications for clinical practice on the new regulations governing roentgen ray irradiation and radioprotection].

PubMed

Nestle, U; Berlich, J

2006-08-01

In 2001 or 2002, the legislator made substantial alterations to the "Röntgenverordnung" [regulations governing use of roentgen ray radiation] and "Strahlenschutzverordnung" [regulations governing radiation protection]. This was done to bring German law in line with EU Directives 96/29/Euratom (basic safety standards for the protection of the health of workers and the general public against the dangers arising from ionizing radiation) and 97/43/Euratom (health protection of individuals against the dangers of ionizing radiation in relation to medical exposure). Proper use of radiation in medicine requires that those involved in its application are aware of the biological effect of radiation. When staff and others are protected good organization and appropriate technology at the workplace can achieve a great deal. In the new directives, the radiation protection for the patient is quantified and the responsibility of the physician is clearly pointed out. The most important aim is uniform quality throughout Europe in radiological diagnosis and radiation protection.

The Unequal Burden of Weight Gain: An Intersectional Approach to Understanding Social Disparities in BMI Trajectories from 1986 to 2001/2002

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ailshire, Jennifer A.; House, James S.

2011-01-01

The implications of recent weight gain trends for widening social disparities in body weight in the United States are unclear. Using an intersectional approach to studying inequality, and the longitudinal and nationally representative American's Changing Lives study (1986-2001/2002), we examine social disparities in body mass index trajectories…

Solar Activity, Ultraviolet Radiation and Consequences in Birds in Mexico City, 2001- 2002

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Valdes, M.; Velasco, V.

2008-12-01

Anomalous behavior in commercial and pet birds in Mexico City was reported during 2002 by veterinarians at the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico. This was attributed to variations in the surrounding luminosity. The solar components, direct, diffuse, global, ultraviolet band A and B, as well as some meteorological parameters, temperature, relative humidity, and precipitation, were then analyzed at the Solar Radiation Laboratory. Although the total annual radiance of the previously mentioned radiation components did not show important changes, ultraviolet Band-B solar radiation did vary significantly. During 2001 the total annual irradiance , 61.05 Hjcm² to 58.32 Hjcm², was 1.6 standard deviations lower than one year later, in 2002 and increased above the mean total annual irradiance, to 65.75 Hjcm², 2.04 standard deviations, giving a total of 3.73 standard deviations for 2001-2002. Since these differences did not show up clearly in the other solar radiation components, daily extra-atmosphere irradiance was analyzed and used to calculate the total annual extra-atmosphere irradiance, which showed a descent for 2001. Our conclusions imply that Ultraviolet Band-B solar radiation is representative of solar activity and has an important impact on commercial activity related with birds.

Patriot Advanced Capability-3 (PAC-3)

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

attack than is possible with actuator -driven aerodynamic control surfaces alone. The Patriot system is deployed world-wide in defense of U.S. and...Start Complete Low Rate Initial Production .. Low Rate Initial Production .. Low Rate Production First D ... First Unit EQuipped IOT &E Start...MAR 2002 SEP 2001 IOT &E Start JAN 2002 JAN 2002 JUL 2002 JAN 2002 Complete SEP 2002 SEP 2002 MAR 2003 SEP 2002 Block 2002 Production Decision OCT

The politics of emergency health powers and the isolation of public health.

PubMed

Colmers, John M; Fox, Daniel M

2003-03-01

The Model State Emergency Health Powers Act became a contentious document in more than 30 states in 2001 and 2002. Controversy has focused on recommendations by the authors of the Model Act that seemed to accord higher priority to collective action in emergencies than to protecting privacy and property. This situation has several causes that derive from the characteristics of public health emergencies during the past half century and the relative isolation of public health officials from both their colleagues in government and many members of the public.

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

changes in growth factors, TGF-h3, and differentiation in the rodent mammary gland. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC...rats. Carcinogenesis 1999;20:623–8. 11. Rajkumar L, Guzman RC, Yang J, Thordarson G, Talamantes F, Nandi S. Short-term exposure to preg- nancy levels of...estrogen prevents mammary carcino- genesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:11755–9. 12. Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S

Chemoprevention of Breast Cancer by Mimicking the Protective Effect of Early First Birth

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-06-01

growth factors, TGF-h3, and differentiation in the rodent mammary gland. Mol Endocrinol 2002;16:2034–51. 7. Thordarson G, Jin E, Guzman RC, Swanson...Carcinogenesis 1999;20:623–8. 11. Rajkumar L, Guzman RC, Yang J, Thordarson G, Talamantes F, Nandi S. Short-term exposure to preg- nancy levels of...estrogen prevents mammary carcino- genesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001;98:11755–9. 12. Guzman RC, Yang J, Rajkumar L, Thordarson G, Chen X, Nandi S

Your Renewal FAFSA: Renewal Free Application for Federal Student Aid, July 1, 2001-June 30, 2002 School Year (2001-2002).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department of Education, Washington, DC.

This form is used to renew an application for federal and state student grants, work-study, and loans. The form begins with instructions, deadline dates for state student aid, and instructions on renewing an application on the Web. Sections of the application request borrower (student) information, student and spouse income and assets, student…

Risk of nonpregnancy, risk of disposal for pregnant cows, and duration of the calving interval in cow-calf herds exposed to the oil and gas industry in Western Canada.

PubMed

Waldner, Cheryl L; Stryhn, Henrik

2008-01-01

To determine potential associations between emissions from oil and gas field facilities and the reproductive success of cow-calf herds in Western Canada, researchers followed approximately 33,000 beef cows from the beginning of the breeding season in 2001 through pregnancy testing in 2002. They prospectively measured exposure to sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by using data from passive air monitors installed in pastures and linked to the locations of individual animals. They used the density of oil and gas well sites surrounding each pasture as an additional measure of exposure. The researchers measured the risk of nonpregnancy in cattle in 205 herds in fall 2001 and 200 herds in fall 2002, and they determined the interval between the dates of calving in 2001 and 2002 for all cows calving in both years from 202 herds. The risk of disposal in pregnant cows was measured as the risk of removal from inventory for any reason other than nonpregnancy between pregnancy testing in 2001 and calving in 2002. There was no evidence that exposure to sulfur dioxide or VOCs measured as benzene and toluene increased the odds of nonpregnancy or disposal for pregnant cows. Density of oil and gas well sites was not related to the odds of nonpregnancy in either 2001 or 2002 or the odds of disposal for pregnant cows. During the first month after bull contact, exposures to increasing concentrations of sulfur dioxide, VOCs measured as toluene, and the density of oil and gas well sites were also not associated with an increase in the 2001-2002 breeding-to-calving interval. However, there was an estimated 3.0-day increase in the breeding-to-calving interval for mature cows exposed to benzene concentrations in the highest quartile of exposure (>0.236 microg/m3) compared with those cows exposed to benzene concentrations in the lowest quartile of exposure (<0.082 microg/m3).

Lexical frequency and voice assimilation in complex words in Dutch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ernestus, Mirjam; Lahey, Mybeth; Verhees, Femke; Baayen, Harald

2004-05-01

Words with higher token frequencies tend to have more reduced acoustic realizations than lower frequency words (e.g., Hay, 2000; Bybee, 2001; Jurafsky et al., 2001). This study documents frequency effects for regressive voice assimilation (obstruents are voiced before voiced plosives) in Dutch morphologically complex words in the subcorpus of read-aloud novels in the corpus of spoken Dutch (Oostdijk et al., 2002). As expected, the initial obstruent of the cluster tends to be absent more often as lexical frequency increases. More importantly, as frequency increases, the duration of vocal-fold vibration in the cluster decreases, and the duration of the bursts in the cluster increases, after partialing out cluster duration. This suggests that there is less voicing for higher-frequency words. In fact, phonetic transcriptions show regressive voice assimilation for only half of the words and progressive voice assimilation for one third. Interestingly, the progressive voice assimilation observed for higher-frequency complex words renders these complex words more similar to monomorphemic words: Dutch monomorphemic words typically contain voiceless obstruent clusters (Zonneveld, 1983). Such high-frequency complex words may therefore be less easily parsed into their constituent morphemes (cf. Hay, 2000), favoring whole word lexical access (Bertram et al., 2000).

Defense Planning in a Time of Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of the 2001-2014 Quadrennial Defense Reviews, and Implications for the Army

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-01-01

utilized” (Donald Rumsfeld, “The DoD Study Process,” Rumsfeld Papers , April 28, 2001f). 18 U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002b, pp. 6–7. 19 Among the...in “Rumsfeld Point Paper to Congress on the Quadrennial Defense Review,” Inside Defense, May 25, 2001h. 20 Elaine M. Grossman, “Joint Staff...Studies—Standards to Be Planted Down the Road for Defense Guidance, the QDR, and Building the DoD Budgets for 2002 and 2003,” Rumsfeld Papers , May 10

International Space Station (ISS) Environmental Control and Life Support (ECLS) System Overview of Events: February 2002 - 2004

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gentry, Gregory J.; Reysa, Richard P.; Williams, Dave E.

2004-01-01

The International Space Station continues to build up its life support equipment capability. Several ECLS equipment failures have occurred since Lab activation in February 2001. Major problems occurring between February 2001 and February 2002 were discussed in other works. Major problems occurring between February 2002 and February 2003 are discussed in this paper, as are updates from previously ongoing unresolved problems. This paper addresses failures, and root cause, with particular emphasis on likely micro-gravity causes. Impact to overall station operations and proposed and accomplished fixes will also be discussed.

2002 mariner survey : principal findings

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-06-01

The 2002 Mariner Survey is a follow-up to the first survey of merchant : mariners conducted during 2001. The major focus of the 2002 : survey effort was to update and expand information on key readiness : and training issues. Of those who completed a...

In situ effects of pesticides on amphibians in the Sierra Nevada.

PubMed

Sparling, Donald W; Bickham, John; Cowman, Deborah; Fellers, Gary M; Lacher, Thomas; Matson, Cole W; McConnell, Laura

2015-03-01

For more than 20 years, conservationists have agreed that amphibian populations around the world are declining. Results obtained through laboratory or mesocosm studies and measurement of contaminant concentrations in areas experiencing declines have supported a role of contaminants in these declines. The current study examines the effects of contaminant exposure to amphibians in situ in areas actually experiencing declines. Early larval Pseudacris regilla were translocated among Lassen Volcanic, Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks, California, USA and caged in wetlands in 2001 and 2002 until metamorphosis. Twenty contaminants were identified in tadpoles with an average of 1.3-5.9 (maximum = 10) contaminants per animal. Sequoia National Park, which had the greatest variety and concentrations of contaminants in 2001, also had tadpoles that experienced the greatest mortality, slowest developmental rates and lowest cholinesterase activities. Yosemite and Sequoia tadpoles and metamorphs had greater genotoxicity than those in Lassen during 2001, as determined by flow cytometry. In 2001 tadpoles at Yosemite had a significantly higher rate of malformations, characterized as hemimelia (shortened femurs), than those at the other two parks but no significant differences were observed in 2002. Fewer differences in contaminant types and concentrations existed among parks during 2002 compared to 2001. In 2002 Sequoia tadpoles had higher mortality and slower developmental rates but there was no difference among parks in cholinesterase activities. Although concentrations of most contaminants were below known lethal concentrations, simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals and other stressors may have resulted in lethal and sublethal effects.

Learning for Life: The Role of Adult Literacy and Numeracy in Lifelong Learning and Socio-Economic Well-Being. Executive Summary of the ALNARC National Research Program, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shore, Sue; Searle, Jean; Falk, Ian; Johnston, Betty; Ovens, Carolyn; Riddell, Christine

In 2001-2002, the Adult Literacy and Numeracy Australian Research Consortium conducted 26 national investigations with findings in the following areas: (1) population competence; (2) linking literacy and numeracy into training; (3) professional support for educators and trainers; and (4) policy and systemic issues. All the projects were intended…

Oregon Title I-A Handbook. No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, Public Law 107-110, January 8, 2002

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oregon Department of Education, 2005

2005-01-01

The purpose of the federally funded Title I program is to help disadvantaged students meet the same high academic standards expected of all children. The most recent reauthorization of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA) is the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001. This education bill was enacted on January 8, 2002 and has established…

Assessing responses of humpback whales to North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) transmissions: results of 2001--2003 aerial surveys north of Kauai.

PubMed

Mobley, Joseph R

2005-03-01

Eight aerial surveys were flown north of the Hawaiian island of Kauai during 2001 when the North Pacific Acoustic Laboratory (NPAL) source was not transmitting, and during 2002 and 2003 when it was. All surveys were performed during the period of peak residency of humpback whales (Feb-Mar). During 2002 and 2003, surveys commenced immediately upon cessation of a 24-h cycle of transmissions. Numbers and distribution of whales observed within 40 km of the NPAL source during 2001 (source off) were compared with those observed during 2002 and 2003 (source on). A total of 75 sightings was noted during 2001, as compared with 81 and 55 during 2002 and 2003, respectively. Differences in sighting rates (sightings/km) across years were not statistically significant. Assessment of distributional changes relied upon comparisons of three measures: (a) location depths; (b) distance from the NPAL source; and (c) distance offshore. None of the distributional comparisons revealed statistically significant differences across years. Several possible interpretations are examined: (a) whales have habituated to the NPAL signal; (b) insufficient statistical power exists in the present design to detect any effects; and (c) the effects are short-lived and become undetectable shortly after the cessation of transmissions.

A Decade of Progress toward Ending the Intensive Confinement of Farm Animals in the United States.

PubMed

Shields, Sara; Shapiro, Paul; Rowan, Andrew

2017-05-15

In this paper, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) farm animal protection work over the preceding decade is described from the perspective of the organization. Prior to 2002, there were few legal protections for animals on the farm, and in 2005, a new campaign at the HSUS began to advance state ballot initiatives throughout the country, with a decisive advancement in California (Proposition 2) that paved the way for further progress. Combining legislative work with undercover farm and slaughterhouse investigations, litigation and corporate engagement, the HSUS and fellow animal protection organizations have made substantial progress in transitioning the veal, pork and egg industries away from intensive confinement systems that keep the animals in cages and crates. Investigations have become an important tool for demonstrating widespread inhumane practices, building public support and convincing the retail sector to publish meaningful animal welfare policies. While federal legislation protecting animals on the farm stalled, there has been steady state-by-state progress, and this is complemented by major brands such as McDonald's and Walmart pledging to purchase only from suppliers using cage-free and crate-free animal housing systems. The evolution of societal expectations regarding animals has helped propel the recent wave of progress and may also be driven, in part, by the work of animal protection organizations.

Progress on the Cluster Mission

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kivelson, Margaret; Khurana, Krishan; Acuna, Mario (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

Prof M. G. Kivelson and Dr. K. K. Khurana (UCLA (University of California, Los Angeles)) are co-investigators on the Cluster Magnetometer Consortium (CMC) that provided the fluxgate magnetometers and associated mission support for the Cluster Mission. The CMC designated UCLA as the site with primary responsibility for the inter-calibration of data from the four spacecraft and the production of fully corrected data critical to achieving the mission objectives. UCLA will also participate in the analysis and interpretation of the data. The UCLA group here reports its excellent progress in developing fully intra-calibrated data for large portions of the mission and an excellent start in developing inter-calibrated data for selected time intervals, especially extended intervals in August, 2001 on which a workshop held at ESTEC in March, 2002 focused. In addition, some scientific investigations were initiated and results were reported at meetings.

Atrazine concentrations in stream water and streambed sediment pore water in the St. Joseph and Galien River basins, Michigan and Indiana, May 2001-September 2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Duris, Joseph W.; Reeves, Howard W.; Kiesler, James L.

2005-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) sampled multiple stream sites across the St. Joseph and Galien River Basins to detect and quantify the herbicide atrazine using a field enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) triazine test. In May 2001, July 2001, April 2002, August 2002, August 2003 and September 2003, composite samples were collected across streams at USGS streamflow-gaging stations. Concentrations and instantaneous loading for atrazine sampled in stream water throughout the St. Joseph River and Galien River Basins in Michigan and Indiana ranged from nondetection (< 0.05 part per billion (ppb)) with an associated load less than 0.001 kilogram per day (kg/d) to 6 ppb and a maximum load of 10 kg/d. Atrazine concentrations were highest in May 2001 just after the planting season. The lowest concentration was found in April 2002 just before planting. Atrazine concentrations in streambed-sediment pore water were not spatially connected with atrazine concentrations in stream-water samples. This study showed that atrazine concentrations were elevated from May to July in the St. Joseph and Galien River Basins. At many sites, concentrations exceeded the level that has been shown to feminize frog populations (0.2 ppb). There were 8 sites where concentrations exceeded 0.2 ppb atrazine in May 2001 and July 2001.

Mobile phone health risk policy in Germany: the role of the federal government and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection.

PubMed

Schweikardt, Christoph; Gross, Dominik

2012-01-01

In order to establish a regulatory framework for a given technology important to society, the government must make decisions in the face of existing unknowingness. In the last decade, health risks originating from electromagnetic fields of mobile telecommunication transmitting stations and devices have become a regulation policy issue in Germany. This article investigates the role of the government and the Federal Office for Radiation Protection in regard to policy-making by analysing publications and Federal Parliament reports, hearings and debates. The government and Federal Parliament perceived the research situation in 2001 as insufficient in the absence of hard evidence for health impairment. Against this background, the government struck a compromise with mobile telecommunication network operators, who did not want to integrate stricter limit values for transmission stations as precautionary measures. The network operators' voluntary self-commitment included financing half the budget of the German Mobile Telecommunication Research Programme (2002-2008) under the lead management of the Federal Office for Radiation Protection, which concluded that it was not required to change the position taken in 2001. The results of this programme provided the basis to continue the agreement of that year. With regard to health issues and all the other interests involved, this agreement was an acceptable and remarkably stable compromise.

Intercontinental circulation of human influenza A(H1N2) reassortant viruses during the 2001-2002 influenza season.

PubMed

Xu, Xiyan; Smith, Catherine B; Mungall, Bruce A; Lindstrom, Stephen E; Hall, Henrietta E; Subbarao, Kanta; Cox, Nancy J; Klimov, Alexander

2002-11-15

Reassortant influenza A viruses bearing the H1 subtype of hemagglutinin (HA) and the N2 subtype of neuraminidase (NA) were isolated from humans in the United States, Canada, Singapore, Malaysia, India, Oman, Egypt, and several countries in Europe during the 2001-2002 influenza season. The HAs of these H1N2 viruses were similar to that of the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) vaccine strain both antigenically and genetically, and the NAs were antigenically and genetically related to those of recent human H3N2 reference strains, such as A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2). All 6 internal genes of the H1N2 reassortants examined originated from an H3N2 virus. This article documents the first widespread circulation of H1N2 reassortants on 4 continents. The current influenza vaccine is expected to provide good protection against H1N2 viruses, because it contains the A/New Caledonia/20/99(H1N1) and A/Moscow/10/99(H3N2)-like viruses, which have H1 and N2 antigens that are similar to those of recent H1N2 viruses.

United States: Responses to the 2001 UNESCO Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Varmer, Ole; Gray, Jefferson; Alberg, David

2010-12-01

While the US is not a signatory to the 2001 UNESCO Convention, much progress has been made by US agencies to implement its Rules and principles. The US signed an Agreement on Titanic with Rules that are nearly identical to the UNESCO Convention. US agencies have also expressed support for the Rules and their implementation into their programs. This paper identifies these positive actions as well as the two primary concerns that have prevented the US from signing the Convention to date: (1) "creeping coastal State jurisdiction" and (2) treatment of sunken state vessels.

Health-related quality of life surveillance--United States, 1993-2002.

PubMed

Zahran, Hatice S; Kobau, Rosemarie; Moriarty, David G; Zack, Matthew M; Holt, James; Donehoo, Ralph

2005-10-28

Population-based surveillance of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is needed to promote the health and quality of life of U.S. residents and to monitor progress in achieving the two overall Healthy People 2010 goals: 1) increase the quality and years of healthy life and 2) eliminate health disparities. This report examines surveillance-based HRQOL data from 1993 through 2002. Survey data from a validated set of HRQOL measures (CDC HRQOL-4) were analyzed for 1993-2001 from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) surveys for the 50 states and the District of Columbia (DC) and for 2001-2002 from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). These measures assessed self-rated health; physically unhealthy days (i.e., the number of days during the preceding 30 days for which physical health, including physical illness and injury, was not good); mentally unhealthy days (i.e., the number of days during the preceding 30 days for which mental health, including stress, depression, and problems with emotions, was not good); and days with activity limitation (i.e., number of days during the preceding 30 days that poor physical or mental health prevented normal daily activities). A summary measure of overall unhealthy days also was computed from the sum of a respondent's physically unhealthy and mentally unhealthy days, with a maximum of 30 days. During 1993-2001, the mean number of physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, overall unhealthy days, and activity limitation days was higher after 1997 than before 1997. During 1993-1997, the percentage of respondents with zero overall unhealthy days was stable (51%-53%) but declined to 48% by 2001. The percentage of respondents with >/=14 overall unhealthy days increased from 15%-16% during 1993-1997 to 18% by 2001. Adults increasingly rated their health as fair or poor and decreasingly rated it as excellent or very good. Women, American Indians/Alaska Natives, persons of "other races," separated or divorced persons, unmarried couples, unemployed persons, those unable to work, those with a <$15,000 annual household income, and those with less than a high school education reported worse HRQOL (i.e., physically unhealthy days, mentally unhealthy days, overall unhealthy days, and activity limitation days). Older adults reported more physically unhealthy days and activity limitation days, whereas younger adults reported more mentally unhealthy days. A seasonal pattern was observed in physically unhealthy days and overall unhealthy days. During 1993-2001, BRFSS respondents in 13 states reported increasing physically unhealthy days; respondents in 13 states and DC reported increasing mentally unhealthy days; respondents in Alabama, Connecticut, Maine, New Jersey, New Mexico, North Carolina, and Oregon reported both increasing physically and mentally unhealthy days; and respondents in 16 states and DC reported increasing activity limitation days. During 2001-2002, NHANES respondents with one or more medical conditions (e.g., arthritis or stroke) reported worse HRQOL than those without such conditions, and those with an increasing number of medical conditions reported increasingly worse HRQOL. Policy makers and researchers should continue to monitor HRQOL and its correlates in the U.S. population. In addition, public health professionals should expand monitoring to populations currently missed by existing surveys, including institutionalized and homeless persons, adolescents, and children. A key aspect is to study and identify the personal and community determinants of HRQOL in prevention research and population studies, to understand how to improve HRQOL, and to reduce HRQOL disparities. In addition, population health assessment professionals should continue to refine and validate HRQOL, functional status, and self-reported health measures.

EFFECT OF SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION ON MERCURY, 2002 FIELD STUDIES UPDATE

EPA Science Inventory

The report documents the 2002 "Selective Catalytic Reduction Mercury Field Sampling Project." An overall evaluation of the results from both 2001 and 2002 testing is also provided. The project was sponsored by the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI), the U.S. Department of...

Abortion surveillance--United States, 2002.

PubMed

Strauss, Lilo T; Herndon, Joy; Chang, Jeani; Parker, Wilda Y; Bowens, Sonya V; Berg, Cynthia J

2005-11-25

CDC began abortion surveillance in 1969 to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions. This report summarizes and describes data voluntarily reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 2002. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by state or area of occurrence. During 1973-1997, data were received from or estimated for 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1998 and 1999, CDC compiled abortion data from 48 reporting areas. Alaska, California, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma did not report, and data for these states were not estimated. For 2000-2002, Oklahoma again reported these data, increasing the number of reporting areas to 49. A total of 854,122 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC for 2002 from 49 reporting areas, representing a 0.1% increase from the 853,485 legal induced abortions reported by the same 49 reporting areas for 2001. The abortion ratio, defined as the number of abortions per 1,000 live births, was 246 in 2002, the same as reported for 2001. The abortion rate was 16 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years for 2002, the same as for 2001. For the same 48 reporting areas, the abortion rate remained relatively constant during 1997-2002. The highest percentages of reported abortions were for women who were unmarried (82%), white (55%), and aged <25 years (51%). Of all abortions for which gestational age was reported, 60% were performed at < or =8 weeks' gestation and 88% at <13 weeks. From 1992 (when detailed data regarding early abortions were first collected) through 2002, steady increases have occurred in the percentage of abortions performed at < or =6 weeks' gestation. A limited number of abortions was obtained at >15 weeks' gestation, including 4.1% at 16-20 weeks and 1.4% at > or =21 weeks. A total of 35 reporting areas submitted data stating that they performed and enumerated medical (nonsurgical) procedures, accounting for 5.2% of all known reported procedures from the 45 areas with adequate reporting on type of procedure. During 1990-1997, the number of legal induced abortions gradually declined. When the same 48 reporting areas were compared, the number of abortions decreased during 1996-2001, then slightly increased in 2002. In 2000 and 2001, even with one additional reporting state, the number of abortions declined slightly, with a minimal increase in 2002. Abortion surveillance in the United States continues to provide the data necessary for examining trends in numbers and characteristics of women who obtain legal induced abortions and to increase understanding of this pregnancy outcome. Policymakers and program planners use these data to improve the health and well-being of women and infants.

In situ effects of pesticides on amphibians in the Sierra Nevada

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sparling, Donald W.; Bickham, John W.; Cowman, Deborah; Fellers, Gary M.; Lacher, Thomas E.; Matson, Cole W.; McConnell, Laura

2015-01-01

For more than 20 years, conservationists have agreed that amphibian populations around the world are declining. Results obtained through laboratory or mesocosm studies and measurement of contaminant concentrations in areas experiencing declines have supported a role of contaminants in these declines. The current study examines the effects of contaminant exposure to amphibians in situ in areas actually experiencing declines. Early larval Pseudacris regilla were translocated among Lassen Volcanic, Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks, California, USA and caged in wetlands in 2001 and 2002 until metamorphosis. Twenty contaminants were identified in tadpoles with an average of 1.3–5.9 (maximum = 10) contaminants per animal. Sequoia National Park, which had the greatest variety and concentrations of contaminants in 2001, also had tadpoles that experienced the greatest mortality, slowest developmental rates and lowest cholinesterase activities. Yosemite and Sequoia tadpoles and metamorphs had greater genotoxicity than those in Lassen during 2001, as determined by flow cytometry. In 2001 tadpoles at Yosemite had a significantly higher rate of malformations, characterized as hemimelia (shortened femurs), than those at the other two parks but no significant differences were observed in 2002. Fewer differences in contaminant types and concentrations existed among parks during 2002 compared to 2001. In 2002 Sequoia tadpoles had higher mortality and slower developmental rates but there was no difference among parks in cholinesterase activities. Although concentrations of most contaminants were below known lethal concentrations, simultaneous exposure to multiple chemicals and other stressors may have resulted in lethal and sublethal effects.

[Childhood immunization schedule 2001-2002. Advisory Committee on Vaccines of the Spanish Association of Pediatrics].

PubMed

2001-07-01

In 1994 the Spanish Association of Pediatrics founded the Advisory Committee on Vaccines with the aim of providing advice on matters related to childhood immunizations and of implementing vaccination schedules. The latest recommendations concern the immunization schedule for 2001-2002, in which indications for the inactivated poliovirus vaccine instead of the attenuated poliovirus vaccine are of prime importance. The advisability of including the vaccine against chicken pox in healthy children is stressed.

Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study: 1996-2001 (BPS:1996/2001) Methodology Report. Technical Report. NCES 2002-171

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wine, Jennifer S.; Heuer, Ruth E.; Wheeless, Sara C.; Francis, Talbric L.; Franklin, Jeff W.; Dudley, Kristin M.

2002-01-01

This report describes the methods and procedures used for the Beginning Postsecondary Students Longitudinal Study: 1996-2001 (BPS:1996/2001). These students, who started their postsecondary education during the 1995-96 academic year, were first interviewed in 1996 as part of the National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS:96). A follow-up…

Poverty in the United States: 2001. Current Population Reports.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Proctor, Bernadette D.; Dalaker, Joseph

This report presents poverty data from the 2000, 2001, and 2002 Current Population Survey Annual Demographic Supplements, which provide information for caledar years 1999, 2000, and 2001. The poverty rate changed from 11.3 percent in 2000 to 11.7 percent in 2001. People below the poverty thresholds numbered 31.6 million in 2000 and 32.9 million in…

Secular Variations of Soil CO2 Efflux at Santa Ana-Izalco-Coatepeque Volcanic Complex, El Salvador, Central America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olmos, R.; Barahona, F.; Cartagena, R.; Soriano, T.; Salazar, J.; Hernandez, P.; Perez, N.; Lopez, D.

2002-12-01

The Santa Ana-Izalco-Coatepeque volcanic complex (2,365 m elevation), located 40 Km west of San Salvador, consists of the Coatepeque collapse caldera (a 6.5 x 10.5 Km elliptical depression), the Santa Ana and Izalco stratovolcanoes, as well as numerous cinder cones and explosion craters. The summit of the Santa Ana volcano contains an acid lake where hot springs, gas bubbling and intense fumarolic emissions occur. A volcanic plume, usually driven by the NE trades, may be seen rising up to 500 m from the summit crater of the Santa Ana volcano. The goal of this study is to provide a multidisciplinary approach for the volcanic surveillance by means of performing geochemical continuous monitoring of diffuse CO2 emission rate in addition to seismic monitoring. Temporal variations of soil CO2 efflux measured at Cerro Pacho dome, Coatepeque caldera, by means of the accumulation chamber method and using a CO2 efflux continuous monitoring station developed by WEST Systems (Italy). From May 2001 till May 2002, CO2 efflux ranged from 4.3 to 327 gm-2d-1, with a median value of 98 and a quartile range of 26 gm-2d-1. Two distinct diffuse CO2 degassing periods have been observed: (1) an increasing trend from May to July 2001, and (2) a stationary period from November 2001 to May 2002. The increasing-trend period may be due to the anomalous plume degassing at the Santa Ana volcano during 2001 and soon after the January and February 2001 earthquakes. Temporal variations of CO2 efllux during the second period seem to be coupled with those of barometric pressure and wind speed at different time scales, though most of the variance is contained at diurnal and semi-diurnal frequencies. These observations can help to explain the existence of a persistent behavior (Hurst exponent, H=0.934 +/- 0.0039) within the diffuse CO2 degassing phenomena. However, further observations are in progress to understand the long-term memory of diffuse CO2 degassing at the Santa Ana volcanic complex.

CCSF Management Plan, 2002/2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

City Coll. of San Francisco, CA.

This is the 2001-2002 management plan for the City College of San Francisco (CCSF), California. The plan contains the following sections: (1) Overview of Planning and Budgeting; (2) Vision, Values, and Mission; (3) College Goals and Strategic Priorities; (4) Annual Institutional Plan CCSF 2002-03; (5) College Core Performance Indicators; and (6)…

Outsider Teacher/Insider Knowledge: Fostering Mohawk Cultural Competency for Non-Native Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Sharon Vegh

2013-01-01

Research has suggested that mainstream teachers, and the institutions they work for, are often disconnected from the language, culture, and approaches to learning that facilitate Native students' achievement in school (Deyhle & Swisher, 1997; Klug & Hall, 2002; Lomawaima, 2001; Pewewardy, 2002; Reyhner & Jacobs, 2002; Tharp, 2006).…

A retrospective study on acute health effects due to volcanic ash exposure during the eruption of Mount Etna (Sicily) in 2002.

PubMed

Lombardo, Daniele; Ciancio, Nicola; Campisi, Raffaele; Di Maria, Annalisa; Bivona, Laura; Poletti, Venerino; Mistretta, Antonio; Biggeri, Annibale; Di Maria, Giuseppe

2013-08-07

Mount Etna, located in the eastern part of Sicily (Italy), is the highest and most active volcano in Europe. During the sustained eruption that occurred in October-November 2002 huge amounts of volcanic ash fell on a densely populated area south-east of Mount Etna in Catania province. The volcanic ash fall caused extensive damage to infrastructure utilities and distress in the exposed population. This retrospective study evaluates whether or not there was an association between ash fall and acute health effects in exposed local communities. We collected the number and type of visits to the emergency department (ED) for diseases that could be related to volcanic ash exposure in public hospitals of the Province of Catania between October 20 and November 7, 2002. We compared the magnitude of differences in ED visits between the ash exposure period in 2002 and the same period of the previous year 2001. We observed a significant increase of ED visits for acute respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and ocular disturbances during the ash exposure time period. There was a positive association between exposure to volcanic ash from the 2002 eruption of Mount Etna and acute health effects in the Catania residents. This study documents the need for public health preparedness and response initiatives to protect nearby populations from exposure to ash fall from future eruptions of Mount Etna.

Semiannual Report: Oct 1, 2001 - Mar 31, 2002

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Semiannual Report #EPA-350-k-01-002, May, 2002. During this semiannual reporting period, EPA's Office of Inspector General, identified Major Management Challenges which could severely impact the attainment of EPA’s mission.

Crash protection of stock car racing drivers--application of biomechanical analysis of Indy car crash research.

PubMed

Melvin, John W; Begeman, Paul C; Faller, Ronald K; Sicking, Dean L; McClellan, Scott B; Maynard, Edwin; Donegan, Michael W; Mallott, Annette M; Gideon, Thomas W

2006-11-01

Biomechanical analysis of Indy car crashes using on-board impact recorders (Melvin et al. 1998, Melvin et al. 2001) indicates that Indy car driver protection in high-energy crashes can be achieved in frontal, side, and rear crashes with severities in the range of 100 to 135 G peak deceleration and velocity changes in the range of 50 to 70 mph. These crashes were predominantly single-car impacts with the rigid concrete walls of oval tracks. This impressive level of protection was found to be due to the unique combination of a very supportive and tight-fitting cockpit-seating package, a six-point belt restraint system, and effective head padding with an extremely strong chassis that defines the seat and cockpit of a modern Indy car. In 2000 and 2001, a series of fatal crashes in stock car racing created great concern for improving the crash protection for drivers in those racecars. Unlike the Indy car, the typical racing stock car features a more spacious driver cockpit due to its resemblance to the shape of a passenger car. The typical racing seat used in stock cars did not have the same configuration or support characteristics of the Indy car seat, and five-point belt restraints were used. The tubular steel space frame chassis of a stock car also differs from an Indy car's composite chassis structure in both form and mechanical behavior. This paper describes the application of results of the biomechanical analysis of the Indy car crash studies to the unique requirements of stock car racing driver crash protection. Sled test and full-scale crash test data using both Hybrid III frontal crash anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) and BioSID side crash ATDs for the purpose of evaluating countermeasures involving restraint systems, seats and head/neck restraints has been instrumental in guiding these developments. In addition, the development of deformable walls for oval tracks (the SAFER Barrier) is described as an adjunct to improved occupant restraint through control of the crash forces acting on a racing car. NASCAR (National Association for Stock Car Auto Racing, Inc) implemented crash recording in stock car racing in its three national series in 2002. Data from 2925 crashes from 2002 through the 2005 season are summarized in terms of crash severity, crash direction, injury outcome, and protective system performance.

Consolidated State Performance Report: Part II for State Formula Grant Programs under the Elementary and Secondary Education Act as Amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001, for reporting on School Year 2002-2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Indiana Department of Education, 2004

2004-01-01

Achievement data from the 2002-2003 school year for public schools with poverty rates of 40% or greater in the state of Indiana are presented as required for State formula grant programs authorized by the Elementary and Secondary Education Act (ESEA), as amended by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). Tables present the number of schools…

Defects, Tunneling, and EPR Spectra of Single-Molecule Magnets

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

Caranin, Phys. Rev. Lett. 87, 187203 (2001); Phys. Rev. B 65, 094423 (2002). 19. A. Cornia, R. Sessoli, L. Sorace, D. Gatteschi , A. L. Barra, and C...Phys. Rev. B 64, 184426 (2001). 25. A. Mukhin, B. Gorshunov, M. Dressel, C. Sangregorio. and D. Gatteschi , Phys. Rev. B 63, 214411 (2001). 26. W

12 CFR 747.2001 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... purposes of 12 U.S.C. 1790d(k). Section 747.2002 of this subpart provides an independent appellate process... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Scope. 747.2001 Section 747.2001 Banks and..., to facilitate prompt corrective action under section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act, 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR 747.2001 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... purposes of 12 U.S.C. 1790d(k). Section 747.2002 of this subpart provides an independent appellate process... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Scope. 747.2001 Section 747.2001 Banks and..., to facilitate prompt corrective action under section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act, 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR 747.2001 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... purposes of 12 U.S.C. 1790d(k). Section 747.2002 of this subpart provides an independent appellate process... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Scope. 747.2001 Section 747.2001 Banks and..., to facilitate prompt corrective action under section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act, 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR 747.2001 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... purposes of 12 U.S.C. 1790d(k). Section 747.2002 of this subpart provides an independent appellate process... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Scope. 747.2001 Section 747.2001 Banks and..., to facilitate prompt corrective action under section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act, 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR 747.2001 - Scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... purposes of 12 U.S.C. 1790d(k). Section 747.2002 of this subpart provides an independent appellate process... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Scope. 747.2001 Section 747.2001 Banks and..., to facilitate prompt corrective action under section 216 of the Federal Credit Union Act, 12 U.S.C...

Overwintering growth and development of larval Euphausia superba: an interannual comparison under varying environmental conditions west of the Antarctic Peninsula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Daly, Kendra L.

2004-08-01

Growth, molting, and development of larval Antarctic krill were investigated near Marguerite Bay during four cruises in austral autumn and winter 2001 and 2002, as part of the US Southern Ocean GLOBEC program. Overwintering survival of larvae has been linked to annual sea-ice formation and extent, as sea-ice biota may provide food when other sources are scarce in the water column. During autumn 2001, larvae were very abundant (1-19 individuals m -3), with younger stages dominant offshelf and older stages dominant on-shelf. On-shelf larvae were in better condition than offshore larvae. During autumn 2002, larvae again were abundant offshelf (0.01-110 m -3), whereas all stages were scarce on-shelf. Declining diatom and radiolarian blooms were present during autumn in both years. Average chlorophyll concentrations were low (0.10 vs. 0.22 μg l -1) in autumn and an order of magnitude lower in winter. Carbon content of larvae during autumn 2001 and 2002 (41% vs. 38% C of DW) suggested that lipid storage was moderate. The median autumn larval growth rate (0.027 mm d -1) was lower and the intermolt period (19 d) longer than reported summer values. During winter, larvae appeared to be food-limited based on the following observations: (1) the median growth rate decreased (0.00 mm d -1) and the intermolt period increased (40 d), (2) larval length-specific dry weight (DW) and % carbon and nitrogen of DW decreased, and (3) 88% of furcilia 6 did not develop to the juvenile stage, but remained at the same stage after molting. Experimental results demonstrated that some larvae could survive starvation for a month by combusting body reserves (ca. 1% decrease in DW and body C and N d -1), implying that a portion of the population was resilient to the suboptimal food supply. Although sea ice formed up to 2 months earlier in 2002, ice algae at the ice-water interface, where it is accessible to krill, was not an abundant food source in either year (0.05 vs. 0.07 μg chl l -1). In winter 2001, furcilia were commonly observed near the undersurface of sea-ice, but only rarely in 2002 until mid-September, when ice algae began to accumulate. Low gut fluorescence values also indicate that little nutrition was derived from autotrophs in winter. Instead, larvae were likely opportunistic scavengers exploiting all available food sources, including microzooplankton, benthic larvae, detritus, scarce phytoplankton and sea-ice biota. In summary, larval krill exhibited several overwintering behaviors: (1) flexible feeding, (2) flexible morphology (i.e., delayed development), (3) flexible physiology (i.e., increased intermolt period, reduced growth), (4) moderate lipid storage, and (5) ability to withstand starvation by combusting body C and N. Because most larvae did not shrink in length, this measure may not be a good indicator of the body combustion strategy. At these high latitudes, sea-ice biota may not be a primary source of food during winter, but progressively more important in spring as irradiance levels increase. Winter survivors during 2001 resulted in a significant recruitment to the juvenile size class during spring.

Ximelagatran (AstraZeneca).

PubMed

Hopfner, Rob

2002-02-01

AstraZeneca (formerly Astra) is developing ximelagatran, an orally active thrombin inhibitor and prodrug of melagatran, for the potential prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in hip and knee replacement, for prevention of stroke in atrialfibrillation (AF) and for post acute coronary syndrome. As of December 1999, the compound was undergoing phase III trials for the prevention of VTE [349551]; these were ongoing in December 2001. By December 2000, ximelagatran had entered phase III trials for the prevention of stroke in atrial fibrillation [395212]. In September 2000, the company expected global NDA filing for this indication to take place in the middle of 2001 [383469]; however, in December 2000 this was revised to the second half of 2002 [395212], and in March 2001, to the second quarter of 2003 [402040], [416882], [431673]. By December 2000, a phase II trial was underway of ximelagatran as a potential treatment following myocardial infarction [395237]. In December 2001, early phase clinical trials were ongoing for post acute coronary syndrome [431673]. By December 2001, EU and US filings for VTE prevention were anticipated in the third quarter of 2002 and the second quarter of 2003, respectively [3144721, [350050], [431673]. Exanta is the trade name for both melagatran and ximelagatran. In 1998, marketing of ximelagatran in the US was to be assigned to the Astra/Merek joint marketing venture, prior to the merger [276577]. In April 1999, ABN predicted sales of 4 pounds million in 2003 [328676], [394606]. In December 2000, Lehman Brothers estimated peak sales to be $1.4 billion [394606]. At the same time, ABN-AMRO predicted peak sales of more than $1 billion [395237]. In June 2000, Deutsche Bank predicted sales of $70 million in 2002, rising to $245 million in 2003 [374500]. In September 2000, Merrill Lynch predicted sales of 125 pounds million in 2002, rising to 625 pounds million in 2004 [383742]. In February 2001, Merrill Lynch estimated that peak sales would reach $924 million in 2005 [429697].

Sulfur Dioxide Emission Rates from Kilauea Volcano, Hawai`i, an Update: 2002-2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Elias, Tamar; Sutton, A.J.

2007-01-01

Introduction Sulfur dioxide (SO2) emission rates from Kilauea Volcano were first measured by Stoiber and Malone (1975) and have been measured on a regular basis since 1979 (Greenland and others, 1985; Casadevall and others, 1987; Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and Sutton, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). Compilations of SO2 emission-rate and wind-vector data from 1979 through 2001 are available on the web. (Elias and others, 1998 and 2002). This report updates the database through 2006, and documents the changes in data collection and processing that have occurred during the interval 2002-2006. During the period covered by this report, Kilauea continued to release SO2 gas predominantly from its summit caldera and east rift zone (ERZ) (Elias and others, 1998; Sutton and others, 2001, Elias and others, 2002, Sutton and others, 2003). These two distinct sources are always measured independently (fig.1). Sulphur Banks is a minor source of SO2 and does not contribute significantly to the total emissions for Kilauea (Stoiber and Malone, 1975). From 1979 until 2003, summit and east rift zone emission rates were derived using vehicle- and tripod- based Correlation Spectrometry (COSPEC) measurements. In late 2003, we began to augment traditional COSPEC measurements with data from one of the new generation of miniature spectrometer systems, the FLYSPEC (Horton and others, 2006; Elias and others, 2006, Williams-Jones and others, 2006).

Barcelona 2002: law, ethics, and human rights. HIV testing for peacekeeping forces: legal and human rights issues.

PubMed

Jürgens, Ralf

2002-12-01

In 2001, the United Nations Security Council established an Expert Panel to study the issue of whether the UN should institute HIV testing of peacekeeping personnel. This article, based on a 9 July 2002 presentation to the XIV International AIDS Conference (abstract TuOrG1173), reports on the findings of a paper prepared for the Expert Panel by the Canadian HIV/AIDS Legal Network. The paper examined whether it is permissible for the UN to implement mandatory HIV testing of its peacekeeping personnel, and whether HIV-positive UN peacekeeping personnel should be excluded or restricted from service on the basis of their HIV status or HIV disease progression. The article describes some of the court cases in which these issues have been considered; discusses the importance of analyzing such issues in the context of a human rights-based approach to the pandemic; and formulates a series of key principles for guiding UN decision-making. The article concludes that a policy of mandatory HIV testing for all UN peacekeeping personnel cannot be justified on the basis that it is required in order to assess their physical and mental capacity for service; that HIV-positive peacekeeping personnel cannot be excluded from service based on their HIV status alone, but only on their ability to perform their duties; and that the UN cannot resort to mandatory HIV testing for all UN peacekeeping personnel to protect the health and safety of HIV-negative personnel unless it can demonstrate that alternatives to such a policy would not reduce the risk sufficiently. In the end, the Expert Panel unanimously rejected mandatory testing and instead endorsed voluntary HIV counselling and testing for UN peacekeeping personnel.

Annual progress report : for the period of January 2001 through December 2001 : Florida Transit Training Program (2001) : Florida Technical Assistance Program (2001)

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2001-01-01

The following progress report is intended to highlight the significant activities of the Florida Transit Training Program and Florida Technical Assistant Program for the 2001 year. Activities of the Florida Statewide Transit Training Program are pres...

40 CFR 62.3914 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the Iowa Department of Natural Resources on September 19, 2001. The effective date of the amended plan is February 11, 2002. [64 FR 32427, June 17, 1999, as amended at 66 FR 64152, Dec. 12, 2001] Air...

United States Port Development Expenditure Report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

This report analyzes the results of the American Association of Port Authorities (AAPA) capital expenditure survey for 2001. The survey included the capital expenditures for 2001 and proposed expenditures for the period 2002 through 2006 along with t...

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Land Use and Land Cover

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the estimated area of land use and land cover from the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (LaMotte, 2008), compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set represents land use and land cover for the conterminous United States for 2001. The National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering the South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5) and the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins.

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Imperviousness

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the mean percent impervious surface from the Imperviousness Layer of the National Land Cover Dataset 2001, (LaMotte and Wieczorek, 2010), compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set represents imperviousness for the conterminous United States for 2001. The Imperviousness Layer of the National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002;Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: NLCD 2001 Tree Canopy

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the mean percent tree canopy from the Canopy Layer of the National Land Cover Dataset 2001 (LaMotte and Wieczorek, 2010), compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set represents tree canopy percentage for the conterminous United States for 2001. The Canopy Layer of the National Land Cover Data Set for 2001 was produced through a cooperative project conducted by the Multi-Resolution Land Characteristics (MRLC) Consortium. The MRLC Consortium is a partnership of Federal agencies (http://www.mrlc.gov), consisting of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA), the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), the U.S. Forest Service (USFS), the National Park Service (NPS), the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Bureau of Land Management (BLM), and the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

[Reproductive activity of Chelonia mydas (Testudines: Cheloniidae) in Isla de Aves, Venezuela (2001-2008)].

PubMed

Vera, Vicente; Buitrago, Joaquín

2012-06-01

The second major nesting-site for green turtles in the Caribbean is Isla de Aves, an island protected as a wildlife refuge since 1972, located at 650km Northeast from La Guaira, Venezuela. In this island, the nesting population monitoring started in 1972 and in a more continuous way after 1978, when a Scientific-Naval Station was established and scientific observations started. Since historical data show that female captures had severely affected population levels in this island before 1978, this study aim to describe recent reproductive activities. For this, during the nesting seasons of 2001-2002 and 2005-2008, nesting females were measured and tagged using metal flipper tags. A total of 458 nights were sampled observing 5 154 female emergences, with a maximum of 53 in a single night. Non-observed emergences were calculated fitting the temporal distribution of observed emergences to a normal curve. Total emergences estimated varied from X=637.1+/-106.6 in 2001 to X =2 853+/-42.5 in 2008 (ANOVA F(6.5df)=60.37, p<0.0001). Internesting interval in the same season was estimated in X=10.71+/-1.32 days. Clutch frequency in a nesting season was calculated as X=1.71+/-1.6 times per female and season. Estimated number of nesting females per year varied from X=373+/-12.5 females in 2001 to X=l 669+/-56.1 females in 2008 (ANOVA F 55.6df)=89.42, p<0.0001); with a positive and significant trend (r=0.842, p=0.036). Results show that nesting females numbers are increasing. We suggest that the protection of the nesting area for more than 30 years, has contributed with this population increase.

Water Science and Technology Board Annual Report 2001-2002

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None, None

2002-10-01

This annual report marks the twentieth anniversary of the Water Science and Technology Board (WSTB) (1982-2002). The WSTB oversees studies of water issues. The principal products of studies are written reports. These reports cover a wide range of water resources issues of national concern. The following three recently issued reports illustrate the scope of the WSTB's studies: Envisioning the Agenda for Water Resources Research in the Twenty-first Century. The Missouri River Ecosystem: Exploring the Prospects for Recovery, and Assessing the TMDL Approach to Water Quality Management. The WSTB generally meets three times each year where discussions are held on ongoingmore » projects, strategic planning, and developing new initiatives. The meetings also foster communication within the water resources community. The annual report includes a discussion on current studies, completed studies 2001-2002, and future plans, as well as a listing of published reports (1983-2002).« less

Degrees and Certificates Awarded, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coperthwaite, Corby A.; Jones, Dennis

This document reports on degrees and certificates awarded by the Connecticut community colleges during the 2001-02 academic year, using a set of eight categories. The colleges awarded 3,977 degrees and certificates in 2001-02. This represents a 1.3% increase over the previous year, and a 7.2% decrease since 1998. The colleges awarded 735…

Effects of Alaska Oil and Natural Gas Provisions of H. R. 4 and S. 1766 on U.S. Energy Markets

EIA Publications

2002-01-01

On December 20, 2001, Sen. Frank Murkowski, the Ranking Minority Member of the Senate Committee on Energy and Natural Resources requested an analysis of selected portions of Senate Bill 1766 (S. 1766, the Energy Policy Act of 2002) and House Bill H.R. 4 (the Securing America's Future Energy Act of 2001). In response, the Energy Information Administration (EIA) has prepared a series of analyses showing the impacts of each of the selected provisions of the bills on energy supply, demand, and prices, macroeconomic variables where relevant, import dependence, and emissions. The analysis provided is based on the Annual Energy Outlook 2002 (AEO2002) midterm forecasts of energy supply, demand, and prices through 2020.

The 2002 RPA Plot Summary database users manual

Treesearch

Patrick D. Miles; John S. Vissage; W. Brad Smith

2004-01-01

Describes the structure of the RPA 2002 Plot Summary database and provides information on generating estimates of forest statistics from these data. The RPA 2002 Plot Summary database provides a consistent framework for storing forest inventory data across all ownerships across the entire United States. The data represents the best available data as of October 2001....

Three typical examples of activation of the International Charter ``space and major disasters''

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bessis, J.-L.; Bequignon, J.; Mahmood, A.

This paper, after a brief description of the Charter organisation and of its implementation procedures, addresses three typical cases of Charter activation and the lessons learned to date. The first example will deal with the major earthquakes in January and February 2001 in El Salvador for the benefit of the Salvadorian National Register Centre, the second concerning flooding in the North-East and South of France in January and September 2002 with quick delivery of flood maps to the French Civil Protection Authority and the last one will focus on the Nyiragongo volcanic eruption near the town of Goma in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

Occurrence of arsenic in ground water of Suffolk County, New York, 1997–2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cartwright, Richard A.

2004-01-01

Water-quality data from public and private drinking-water supply wells that were sampled from October 1997 through March 2001 in Suffolk County, New York were evaluated to define the occurrence and concentrations of arsenic throughout the county. The data bases of the Suffolk County Water Authority (SCWA) and the Suffolk County Department of Health Services (SCDHS) included 14 wells at which arsenic concentrations approached or exceeded the 2002 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water guideline of 10 micrograms per liter (µg/L).As a followup, 19 wells were sampled from June through August 2002; 7 were wells previously reported to have had high arsenic concentrations; 7 were near other wells reported to have high concentrations, and the remaining 5 were in areas where detectable concentrations of arsenic were suspected. Arsenic concentrations near 10 µg/L were detected at only 2 of the 19 wells sampled; arsenic concentrations in samples from the remaining 17 wells were reported as less than the USGS Central Laboratory reporting limits of 2 µg/L or 4 µg/L.The elevated concentrations previously reported (1997 through 2001) for at least three of the wells were due to incompletely flushed carbon filters in the supply-well system or were typographical errors. A decrease in arsenic concentration was indicated at six of the seven resampled wells; no reasons are apparent. Arsenic concentrations in ground water that exceed drinking-water guidelines were found only at one site. On the basis of limited sampling data available for this study, the concentrations of arsenic above drinking-water standards (10 µg/L) do not appear to indicate a countywide problem with regards to arsenic concentrations in ground water.

Traffic crash statistics report, 2002

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-10-29

In 2002, Florida continued to see improvements in traffi c safety. Statewide, the number of : traffi c crashes reported and investigated was down 2.2 percent from 2001. Alcohol-related fatalities, : as a percent of total fatalities, decreased by 1.2 ...

Ocean Drilling Program: Public Information: Life Onboard JOIDES Resolution

Science.gov Websites

2002) Leg 200 (Dec 2001-Jan 2002) Legs 190-199 Legs 176-189 Life Onboard JOIDES Resolution The reports hope that they provide a better understanding of the research activities and lifestyle of the

The Italian Army and Effects-Based Operations: A New Concept for an Army of Use

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-25

efficiently42. 41 Ministero della Difesa, Libro Bianco 2002 (Roma: Stabilimento Grafico Militare...GUARDIAN/. Internet; accessed 22 March 2006. __________. Libro Bianco 2002. Roma: Stabilimento grafico Militare, 2001. __________. Nuove Forze per un

AmeriFlux US-Me5 Metolius-first young aged pine

DOE Data Explorer

Law, Bev [Oregon State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me5 Metolius-first young aged pine. Site Description - Previously old-growth ponderosa pine, clearcut in 1978 and allowed to regenerate naturally. Law et al (2001) Global Change Biology 7, 755-777; Law et al (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 110, 27-43; Anthoni et al (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 111, 203-222; Irvine & Law (2002) Global Change biology 8,1183-1194, Irivne et al (2004) Tree Physiology 24,753-763.

U.S. medical countermeasure development since 2001: a long way yet to go.

PubMed

Russell, Philip K; Gronvall, Gigi Kwik

2012-03-01

The U.S. government has taken significant steps toward developing and acquiring vaccines, drugs, and other medical countermeasures (MCMs) to protect and treat the population after a biological attack. In contrast to 2001, there is now a procedure for the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) to develop, license, and stockpile MCMs for civilian use. Another major accomplishment is smallpox preparedness: There is now an adequate supply of vaccine for every person in the U.S., and there is an alternative vaccine meant for immunocompromised people and those with close contact with them. In spite of these and other accomplishments, the U.S. government MCM effort has been criticized by federal advisory committees, National Academy of Sciences reports, a congressional commission, and outside analysts who state that the efforts lack central leadership and accountability and that the pace of progress has been slow. A clear operational strategy for using MCMs, which would guide their development and acquisition, is also lacking. In this article, we review key areas of progress made since 2001 to develop and acquire MCMs, and we summarize what we judge to be the most critical and often mentioned areas where improvements are needed.

WATER ANALYSIS: EMERGING CONTAMINANTS AND CURRENT ISSUES

EPA Science Inventory

This review covers developments in Water Analysis over the period of 2001-2002. A few significant references that appeared between January and February 2003 are also included. Previous Water Analysis reviews have been very comprehensive; however, in 2001, Analytical Chemistry c...

77 FR 21107 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: September 11th...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001. The information collected from... related to: participation in lawsuits related to September 11, 2001; presence at a 9/11 crash site between September 11, 2001 and May 30, 2002; and physical harm suffered as a result of the air crashes and/or debris...

77 FR 5056 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested: September 11th...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-01

... result of the terrorist-related aircraft crashes of September 11, 2001. The information collected from... related to: participation in lawsuits related to September 11, 2001; presence at a 9/11 crash site between September 11, 2001 and May 30, 2002; and physical harm suffered as a result of the air crashes and/or debris...

Thrombolysis and outcome of young stroke patients over the last decade: insights from the Nationwide Inpatient Sample.

PubMed

Kansara, Amit; Chaturvedi, Seemant; Bhattacharya, Pratik

2013-08-01

A recent study found a trend toward increasing hospitalizations for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) among young adults, raising concern for this subgroup. In the present study, we evaluated trends of use of thrombolysis and outcome among young adults (19-44 years of age) with AIS using a nationally representative administrative database. Discharge data were obtained from Nationwide Inpatient Sample between 2001 and 2009. Hospitalizations with a discharge diagnosis of AIS for patients 19 to 44 years of age were included. Use of thrombolysis was determined within this subset. The Cochran-Armitage test was used for trend analysis. Thrombolysis in young patients with AIS increased from 354 (1.84%) in 2001 to 1,237 (4.97%) in 2009 (P < .0001). The highest increase was noted at urban teaching hospitals. There was a progressive decrease in mortality in young AIS patients, from 6.81% in 2001 to 5.43% in 2009 (trend P = .027) and significant increase in discharges to rehabilitation (3.42% in 2002 to 12.7% in 2009 [trend P < .0001]). Discharge to other facilities decreased significantly (29.1% in 2001 to 17.8% in 2009 [trend P < .0001]). The rate of intracranial hemorrhage (2.70% in 2001; 2.69% in 2009) did not show any significant change despite the increase in the use of thrombolysis (trend P = .39). The rate of thrombolysis among young patients with AIS increased significantly between 2001 and 2009. A decrease in deaths with increased rehabilitation placements of young patients with AIS was noted over the last decade, suggesting improving outcomes. The lower rate of use of thrombolysis in rural hospitals may be improved with the widespread use of telestroke. Copyright © 2013 National Stroke Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Normalized Atmospheric Deposition for 2002, Nitrate (NO3)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the average normalized (wet) deposition, in kilograms per square kilometer multiplied by 100, of Nitrate (NO3) for the year 2002 compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). Estimates of NO3 deposition are based on National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) measurements (B. Larsen, U.S. Geological Survey, written. commun., 2007). De-trending methods applied to the year 2002 are described in Alexander and others, 2001. NADP site selection met the following criteria: stations must have records from 1995 to 2002 and have a minimum of 30 observations. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Normalized Atmospheric Deposition for 2002, Total Inorganic Nitrogen

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the average normalized atmospheric (wet) deposition, in kilograms per square kilometer multiplied by 100, of Total Inorganic Nitrogen for the year 2002 compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). Estimates of Total Inorganic Nitrogen deposition are based on National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) measurements (B. Larsen, U.S. Geological Survey, written. commun., 2007). De-trending methods applied to the year 2002 are described in Alexander and others, 2001. NADP site selection met the following criteria: stations must have records from 1995 to 2002 and have a minimum of 30 observations. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

A retrospective study on acute health effects due to volcanic ash exposure during the eruption of Mount Etna (Sicily) in 2002

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Mount Etna, located in the eastern part of Sicily (Italy), is the highest and most active volcano in Europe. During the sustained eruption that occurred in October-November 2002 huge amounts of volcanic ash fell on a densely populated area south-east of Mount Etna in Catania province. The volcanic ash fall caused extensive damage to infrastructure utilities and distress in the exposed population. This retrospective study evaluates whether or not there was an association between ash fall and acute health effects in exposed local communities. Methods We collected the number and type of visits to the emergency department (ED) for diseases that could be related to volcanic ash exposure in public hospitals of the Province of Catania between October 20 and November 7, 2002. We compared the magnitude of differences in ED visits between the ash exposure period in 2002 and the same period of the previous year 2001. Results We observed a significant increase of ED visits for acute respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, and ocular disturbances during the ash exposure time period. Conclusions There was a positive association between exposure to volcanic ash from the 2002 eruption of Mount Etna and acute health effects in the Catania residents. This study documents the need for public health preparedness and response initiatives to protect nearby populations from exposure to ash fall from future eruptions of Mount Etna. PMID:23924394

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Normalized Atmospheric Deposition for 2002, Ammonium (NH4)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the average normalized (wet) deposition, in kilograms per square kilometer multiplied by 100, of ammonium (NH4) for the year 2002 compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). Estimates of NH4 deposition are based on National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP) measurements (B. Larsen, U.S. Geological Survey, written. commun., 2007). De-trending methods applied to the year 2002 are described in Alexander and others, 2001. NADP site selection met the following criteria: stations must have records from 1995 to 2002 and have a minimum of 30 observations. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

Tucannon River Spring Chinook Salmon Captive Broodstock Program, Annual Report 2001.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gallinat, Michael P.; Bumgarner, Joseph D.

2002-05-01

This report summarizes the objectives, tasks, and accomplishments of the Tucannon River spring chinook captive brood during 2001. The WDFW initiated a captive broodstock program in 1997. The overall goal of the Tucannon River captive broodstock program is for the short-term, and eventually long-term, rebuilding of the Tucannon River spring chinook salmon run, with the hope that natural production will sustain itself. The project goal is to rear captive salmon selected from the supplementation program to adults, spawn them, rear their progeny, and release approximately 150,000 smolts annually into the Tucannon River between 2003-2007. These smolt releases, in combination withmore » the current hatchery supplementation program (132,000 smolts) and wild production, are expected to produce 600-700 returning adult spring chinook to the Tucannon River each year from 2005-2010. The captive broodstock program will collect fish from five (1997-2001) brood years (BY). The captive broodstock program was initiated with 1997 BY juveniles, and the 2001 BY fish have been selected. As of Jan 1, 2002, WDFW has 17 BY 1997, 159 BY 1998, 316 BY 1999, 448 BY 2000, and approximately 1,200 BY 2001 fish on hand at LFH. The 2001 eggtake from the 1997 brood year (Age 4) was 233,894 eggs from 125 ripe females. Egg survival was 69%. Mean fecundity based on the 105 fully spawned females was 1,990 eggs/female. The 2001 eggtake from the 1998 brood year (Age 3) was 47,409 eggs from 41 ripe females. Egg survival was 81%. Mean fecundity based on the 39 fully spawned females was 1,160 eggs/female. The total 2001 eggtake from the captive brood program was 281,303 eggs. As of May 1, 2002 we have 171,495 BY 2001 captive brood progeny on hand. A total of 20,592 excess fish were marked as parr (AD/CWT) and will be released during early May, 2002 into the Tucannon River (rkm 40-45). This will allow us to stay within our maximum allowed number (150,000) of smolts released. During April 2002, WDFW volitionally released 3,055 BY 2000 captive broodstock progeny from Curl Lake Acclimation Pond into the Tucannon River. These fish were marked with agency-only wire tags and no fin clips in order to differentiate them from the supplementation fish (CWT/Right Red VI/No Finclip). Monitoring their survival and future releases to adult returns, along with future natural production levels, will determine the success or failure of this captive broodstock program.« less

Trends in Alcohol Services Utilization from 1991-1992 to 2001-2002: Ethnic Group Differences in the U.S. Population

PubMed Central

Chartier, Karen G.; Caetano, Raul

2011-01-01

Background During the early 1990s in the U.S., changes to the provision and financing of alcohol treatment services included reductions in inpatient treatment services and in private sector spending for treatment. We investigated trends in alcohol services utilization over the 10-year period from 1991-1992 to 2001-2002 among U.S. Whites, Blacks and Hispanics. Method Data come from two household surveys of the U.S. adult population. The 1991-1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES) and the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) conducted face-to-face interviews with a multistage cluster sample of individuals 18 years of age and older in the continental United States. Treatment utilization represented both total utilization and the use of alcohol services. Data analyses were prevalence rates and multivariate logistic regressions for lifetime utilization with drinkers and individuals with alcohol use disorders (AUD). Results From 1991-1992 to 2001-2002, drinking-related emergency room and human services use increased for drinkers, while total utilization and the use of private health professional services and mutual aid decreased for individuals with AUDs. In drinkers and individuals with AUDs, Blacks and Hispanics were less likely than Whites to use private health professional care. Hispanics with AUDs were less likely than Whites with AUDs to use alcohol or drug programs. Ethnicity interacted with alcohol severity to predict alcohol services utilization. At higher levels of alcohol severity, Blacks and Hispanics were less likely than Whites to ever use treatment and to use alcohol services (i.e., human services for Hispanic drinkers, mental health services for Blacks with AUDs, and mutual aid for Hispanics with AUDs). Conclusions Our findings showed increases from 1991-1992 to 2001-2002 in alcohol services utilization for drinkers, but reductions in utilization for individuals with AUDs. Blacks and Hispanics, particularly those at higher levels of alcohol severity, underutilized treatment services compared to Whites. These utilization trends for Blacks and Hispanics may reflect underlying disparities in health care access for minority groups, and language and logistical barriers to utilizing services. PMID:21575015

Water level management and contaminant exposure to tree swallows nesting on the Upper Mississippi River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Custer, T.W.; Dummer, P.M.; Custer, Christine M.; Li, A.U.; Warburton, D.; Melancon, M.J.; Hoffman, D.J.; Matson, C.W.; Bickham, J.W.

2007-01-01

The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers conducted a water drawdown on Navigation Pool 8 of the Upper Mississippi River during the summers of 2001 and 2002 to increase aquatic vegetation production and thereby improve fish and wildlife habitat. Flooding of previously dried wetlands, however, may increase the rate of mercury methylation and make mercury more available to terrestrial vertebrates that feed in aquatic environments. Our objective was to determine if mercury, other elements, and organochlorine contaminants were more available to vertebrates following the 2001 drawdown. Tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs and nestlings were collected at two sites on Pool 8 and a nearby Reference site in 2000 (pre-2001 drawdown), 2001 (pre-2001 drawdown) and 2002 (post-2001 drawdown) and tissues were analyzed for mercury, other elements, and organochlorine contaminants. Bioindicator measurements of genetic damage, oxidative stress, ethoxyresorufin-O-dealkylase activity, and the ratio of liver to nestling mass were also measured in nestlings at all sites and all years. Based on a multivariate analysis, the 2001 drawdown of Pool 8 did not influence element concentrations, organochlorine concentrations, or bioindicator response. Concentrations of inorganic and organochlorine contaminants in tree swallow eggs and nestlings were not at toxic levels. Hatching success did not differ among years and was comparable to the nationwide average.

Kansas's forest resources in 2002

Treesearch

W. Keith Moser; Robert L. Atchison; Gary J. Brand

2004-01-01

Results of the 2002 annual inventory of Kansas shows an estimated 2.2 million acres of forest land. The oak-hickory type is the most widespread forest type on the landscape, covering over 45.4 percent of all forested land. Softwoods make up approximately 6.4 percent of Kansas's forested acreage. In 2001-2002, the net volume of all live trees and salvable dead...

Catastrophic fires in Russian forests

Treesearch

A. I. Sukhinin; D. J. McRae; B. J. Stocks; S. G. Conard; WeiMin Hao; A. J. Soja; D. Cahoon

2010-01-01

We evaluated the contribution of catastrophic fires to the total burned area and the amount of tree mortality in Russia since the 1970’s. Such fires occurred in the central regions of European Russia (1972, 1976, 1989, 2002, 2010), Khabarovsk krai (1976, 1988, 1998), Amur region (1997-2002), Republics of Yakutia and Tuva (2002), Magadan and Kamchatka oblast (1984, 2001...

Atmospheric Aerosol Source-Receptor Relationships: The Role of Coal-Fired Power Plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Allen L. Robinson; Spyros N. Pandis; Cliff I. Davidson

2005-12-01

This report describes the technical progress made on the Pittsburgh Air Quality Study (PAQS) during the period of March 2005 through August 2005. Significant progress was made this project period on the source characterization, source apportionment, and deterministic modeling activities. This report highlights new data on road dust, vegetative detritus and motor vehicle emissions. For example, the results show significant differences in the composition in urban and rural road dust. A comparison of the organic of the fine particulate matter in the tunnel with the ambient provides clear evidence of the significant contribution of vehicle emissions to ambient PM. Themore » source profiles developed from this work are being used by the source-receptor modeling activities. The report presents results on the spatial distribution of PMF-factors. The results can be grouped into three different categories: regional sources, local sources, or potentially both regional and local sources. Examples of the regional sources are the sulfate and selenium PMF-factors which most likely-represent coal fired power plants. Examples of local sources are the specialty steel and lead factors. There is reasonable correspondence between these apportionments and data from the EPA TRI and AIRS emission inventories. Detailed comparisons between PMCAMx predictions and measurements by the STN and IMPROVE measurements in the Eastern US are presented. Comparisons were made for the major aerosol components and PM{sub 2.5} mass in July 2001, October 2001, January 2002, and April 2002. The results are encouraging with average fraction biases for most species less than 0.25. The improvement of the model performance during the last two years was mainly due to the comparison of the model predictions with the continuous measurements in the Pittsburgh Supersite. Major improvements have included the descriptions: of ammonia emissions (CMU inventory), night time nitrate chemistry, EC emissions and their diurnal variation, and nitric acid dry removal.« less

Changes in alcohol consumption: United States, 2001-2002 to 2012-2013.

PubMed

Dawson, Deborah A; Goldstein, Risë B; Saha, Tulshi D; Grant, Bridget F

2015-03-01

Documenting changes in alcohol consumption is critical for assessing future health service and alcohol treatment needs, evaluating efforts to modify drinking behavior and understanding the impact of shifting demographics and social norms. For the period since 2000, published data on drinking trends have been scarce and inconsistent. Using data from two large, nationally representative surveys of U.S. adults (2001-2002 and 2012-2013) that contained virtually identical questions on consumption, we assessed differences by period in the prevalence of drinking, volume of intake, frequency of drinking and prevalence of ≥monthly heavy episodic drinking (HED) and determined whether changes in consumption were consistent across beverage types and in population subgroups. Between 2001-2002 and 2012-2013, the prevalence of drinking increased, as did volume and frequency of drinking and prevalence of ≥monthly HED among drinkers. Increases were greater for women than men for all measures and smaller among the formerly married for consumption among drinkers. The increase in overall drinking prevalence was magnified among all race-ethnic minorities, whereas the increase in ≥monthly HED was magnified only among Blacks (all relative to Whites). Our findings are suggestive of a "wetter" drinking climate in 2012-2013 than in 2001-2002, indicating the need for continued and expanded efforts to prevent chronic and episodic heavy alcohol consumption. Given the across-the-board increases in alcohol consumption in recent years, policy efforts that address drinking at the population level are supported, even if specific drinking behaviors and subgroups of drinkers are additionally targeted for individualized approaches. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Number and impact of published scholarly works by pharmacy practice faculty members at accredited US colleges and schools of pharmacy (2001-2003).

PubMed

Coleman, Craig I; Schlesselman, Lauren S; Lao, Eang; White, C Michael

2007-06-15

To evaluate the quantity and quality of published literature conducted by pharmacy practice faculty members in US colleges and schools of pharmacy for the years 2001-2003. The Web of Science bibliographic database was used to identify publication citations for the years 2001-2003, which were then evaluated in a number of different ways. Faculty members were identified using American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy rosters for the 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 academic years. Two thousand three hundred seventy-four pharmacy practice faculty members generated 1,896 publications in Web of Science searchable journals. A small number of faculty members (2.1%) were responsible for a large proportion of publications (30.6%), and only 4.9% of faculty members published 2 or more publications in these journals per year. The average impact factor for the top 200 publications was 7.6. Pharmacy practice faculty members contributed substantially to the biomedical literature and their work has had an important impact. A substantial portion of this work has come from a small subset of faculty members.

Focus on Basics, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garner, Barbara, Ed.

2002-01-01

This volume of newsletters focuses on connecting research and practice in adult literacy programs. Issue A of August 2001 includes: "Techniques for Teaching Beginning-Level Reading to Adults" (Ashley Hager); "Beginning ESOL Learners' Advice to Their Teachers" (MaryAnn Cunningham Florez); "The Neurobiology of Reading and…

Survival of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) following surgical liver biopsy

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mulcahy, Daniel M.; Esler, Daniel N.

2010-01-01

We measured intra- and postoperative mortality rates of captive and free-ranging Harlequin Ducks (Histrionicus histrionicus) undergoing surgical liver biopsy sampling for determination of the induction of cytochrome P4501A, a biomarker of oil exposure. Liver biopsies were taken from and radio transmitters were implanted into 157 free-ranging Harlequin Ducks over three winters (55 in 2000, 55 in 2001, and 47 in 2002). No birds died during surgery, but seven (4.5%) died during recovery from anesthesia (three in 2001 and four in 2002). None of the deaths could be attributed directly to the liver biopsy. Four of the 150 (2.7%) birds that were released died in the 2 wk period after surgery. All post-release deaths occurred in 2001; no birds died after release in 2000 or 2002. No mortalities of 36 captive birds occurred during surgery or recovery or in the 2 wk period following surgery. Hemorrhage was a minor problem with one captive bird. Surgical liver biopsies appear to be a safe procedure, but anesthetic complications may occur with overwintering ducks.

Training Presentation for NASA Civil Helicopter Safety Website

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Iseler, Laura

2002-01-01

NASA civil helicopter safety News & Updates include the following: Mar. 2002. The Air Medical Operations Survey has been completed! Check it out! Also accessible via the Mission pages under Air Medical Mission. Air Medical and Law Enforcement Mission pages have been added. They are accessible via the Mission pages. The Public Use, Personal, Offshore, Law Enforcement, External Load, Business and Gyro accident pages (accessable via the Mission page) have been updated. Feb. 2002. A Words of Wisdom section has been added. You can access it by clicking the Library button. A link to a Corporate Accident Response Plan has been added to the Accident page. The AMs, Aerial Application and Instruction accident pages (accessable via the Mission page) have been updated. Jan. 2002. A new searchable safety article database has been added. You can access it by clicking the Library button. The 2001 accident summaries have been updated and the statistics have been compiled - check it out by clicking the accident tab to the left. Dec. 2001. Please read the FAA Administrator's memo regarding the latest FBI warning. 3ee the FAA column - Fall 2001 Read it now!

Topographic map of Mars M 25M RKN

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2002-01-01

NOTES ON BASE This map is based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) (Smith and others, 2001), an instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft (Albee and others, 2001). The image used for the base of this map represents more than 600 million measurements gathered between 1999 and 2001, adjusted for consistency (Neumann and others, 2001, 2002) and converted to planetary radii. These have been converted to elevations above the areoid as determined from a martian gravity field solution GMM2 (Lemoine and others, 2001), truncated to degree and order 50, and oriented according to current standards (see below). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 meters in horizontal position, and ~1 meter in radius (Neumann, 2001). However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least +3 m due to the global error in the areoid (+1.8 meters according to Lemoine and others, 2001) and regional uncertainties in its shape (communication from Neumann, 2002). The measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM) (communication from Neumann, 2002; Neumann and others, 2001; Smith and others, 2001) using Generic Mapping Tools software (Wessel and Smith, 1998), with a resolution of 0.015625 degrees per pixel or 64 pixels per degree. In projection, the pixels are 926.17 meters in size at the equator. PROJECTION The Mercator projection is used between latitudes +57°, with a central meridian at 0° and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The Polar Stereographic projection is used for the polar regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° parallel with a central meridian set for both at 0°. The adopted equatorial radius is 3,396.19 km (Duxbury and others 2002; Seidelmann and others 2002). COORDINATE SYSTEM The MOLA data were initially referenced to an internally consistent inertial coordinate system, derived from tracking of the MGS spacecraft. By adopting appropriate values for the orientation of Mars as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) (Seidelmann and others, 2002), these inertial coordinates were converted into the planet-fixed coordinates (longitude and latitude) used on this map. These values include the orientation of the north pole of Mars (including the effects of precession), the rotation rate of Mars, and a value for W0 of 176.630°, where W0 is the angle along the equator to the east, between the 0° meridian and the equator's intersection with the celestial equator at the standard epoch J2000.0 (Seidelmann and others, 2002). This value of W0 was chosen (Duxbury and others, 2002) in order to place the 0° meridian through the center of the small (~500 m) crater Airy-0, located in the crater Airy (de Vaucouleurs and others, 1973; Seidelmann and others, 2002). Longitude increases to the east, and latitude is planetocentric as allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and in accordance with current NASA and USGS standards (Duxbury and others, 2002). A secondary grid (printed in red) has been added to the map as a reference to the west longitude/planetographic latitude system that is also allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and has also been used for Mars. The figure adopted to compute this secondary grid is an oblate spheroid with an equatorial radius of 3,396.19 km and a polar radius of 3,376.2 km (Duxbury and others, 2002; Seidelmann and others, 2002). MAPPING TECHNIQUES To create the topographic base image, the original DEM produced by the MOLA team in Simple Cylindrical projection with a resolution of 64 pixels per degree was projected into the Mercator and Polar Stereographic pieces. A shaded relief was generated from each DEM with a sun angle of 30° from horizontal and a sun azimuth of 270°, as measured clockwise from north, and a vertical exaggeration of 100%. Illumination is from the west, which follows a long-standing USGS tradition for planetary maps. This allows for continuity in the shading between maps and quadrangles, and most closely resembles lighting conditions found on imagery. The DEM values were then mapped to a smooth global color look-up table. Note that the chosen color scheme simply represents elevation changes and is not intended to imply anything about surface characteristics (e.g., past or current presence of water or ice). These two files were then merged and scaled to 1:25 million for the Mercator portion and 1:15,196,708 for the two Polar Stereographic portions, with a resolution of 300 dots per inch. The projections have a common scale of 1:13,923,113 at +56° latitude. NOMENCLATURE Names on this sheet are approved by the IAU and have been applied for features clearly visible at the scale of this map. For a complete list of the IAU-approved nomenclature for Mars, see the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/. Font color was chosen for readability. Names followed by an asterisk are provisionally approved. *M 25M RKN: Abbreviation for Mars, 1:25,000,000 series, shaded relief (R), with color (K) and nomenclature (N) (Greeley and Batson, 1990)

Characterization of Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from New Zealand sea lion (Phocarctos hookeri) pups during and after the epidemics on Enderby Island, Auckland Islands.

PubMed

Castinel, Aurélie; Grinberg, Alex; Pattison, Rebecca; Duignan, Pádraig; Pomroy, Bill; Rogers, Lynn; Wilkinson, Ian

2007-05-16

The 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 breeding seasons of New Zealand sea lions (NZSLs) on the Auckland Islands were marked by a high pup mortality caused by acute bacterial infections. As part of a health survey from 1998/1999 to 2004/2005, tissues and swabs of lesions had been collected at necropsy to identify the bacteria associated with pup mortality. Klebsiella pneumoniae was grown in pure culture from 83% of various organs and lesions in 2001/2002 and 76% in 2002/2003, and less frequently in the following seasons (56% in 2003/2004 and 49% in 2004/2005). Pup isolates of K. pneumoniae showed identical minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of cefuroxime, neomycin, cephalotin, cephalexin and dihydrostreptomycin, suggesting clonal aetiology of the pathogen. Isolates also tested negative for production of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs), which was not in favour of an anthropogenetic origin of the epidemic strain. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of XbaI DNA macrorestriction fragments was performed on isolates of K. pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca from 35 pups, thee NZSL adult females, and from three human patients for comparison. PFGE showed that pup isolates of K. pneumoniae were genetically indistinguishable but were neither related to K. pneumoniae from humans and from NZSL adults, nor to K. oxytoca from NZSLs. It is concluded that the 2001/2002 and 2002/2003 epidemics at Sandy Bay rookery were caused by a single K. pneumoniae clonal lineage, genetically different from the strain carried by adult NZSLs. An anthropogenic origin of the K. pneumoniae clone could not be confirmed, but further investigations are required to rule-out such occurrence.

Physical and chemical characteristics of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons, and effects of recreational use on water quality, Lake Powell, Arizona and Utah

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hart, Robert J.; Taylor, Howard E.; Antweiler, Ronald C.; Fisk, Greg G.; Anderson, G.M.; Roth, D.A.; Flynn, Marilyn E.; Peart, D.B.; Truini, Margot; Barber, L.B.

2005-01-01

Side canyons of Lake Powell are the most popular recreation areas of the Glen Canyon National Recreation Area in Arizona and Utah. There are more than 90 side canyons that are tributaries to the main lake body of Lake Powell. Near Bullfrog and Halls Crossing marinas in Utah, visitors frequent Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons to fish, boat, camp, and hike the sandstone formations for which Lake Powell is famous. Areas of recreational activity are greatest near beaches in side canyons. Emissions from houseboats, personal watercraft, speedboats, and from some nonboating recreational activities introduce contaminants to the lake and to beach areas. The U.S. Geological Survey documented concentrations of trace elements, volatile organic compounds, organic wastewater contaminants, and other byproducts of fuel-based contaminants in water and bed material in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons during the summers of 2001 and 2002. Field work was conducted during four trips when recreational use was at a minimum (before Memorial Day in May) and when it was at a maximum (near Labor Day in September). Knowles Canyon was treated as a control; therefore, public access by motorcraft was not permitted during the study. Electric-powered or oar-powered research boats were used to collect samples and measure properties in Knowles Canyon. Record-low reservoir elevations during 2000-2002 limited the availability of camping and day-use beaches in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons. Although more beach areas were exposed during this period, the steep slopes of the beaches made it difficult to use the beaches for camping purposes. Side canyon waters of Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons were similarly stratified (physically and chemically) during the study from natural advective and convective reservoir processes. Metalimnetic oxygen minimas were observed in September 2001 and 2002 in the side canyons and the main body of Lake Powell. Chemical concentrations of several organic constituents were elevated in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons during the high-use period in September of 2001 and 2002 compared with concentrations during the low-use period in May of 2001 and 2002. Concentrations of some constituents decreased from the mouth of each canyon to the canyon's headwaters, indicating that there could be a mechanism for constituent removal or that the main body of Lake Powell is not in equilibrium with the headwaters of the side canyons. Concentrations of volatile organic compounds, such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX compounds), were highest in the upper reaches of Forgotten and Moqui Canyons where visitor use was greatest. Trace amounts of some organic wastewater compounds, including cholesterol, N,N-diethyl-meta-toluamide (DEET), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were measured in Forgotten and Moqui Canyons. Except for minor concentrations of some volatile organic compounds and cholesterol, contamination from visitor use in Knowles Canyon was not detected, most likely because the canyon was closed to access. Concentrations of some organic compounds in bed material sampled in the side canyons near popular beach areas, including polyaromatic hydrocarbons, were above the laboratory detection limits. Several other constituents were present in trace amounts. Benzyl n-butylphthalate and bis (2 ethyl)-phthalate were detected at concentrations above laboratory detection limits. Numerous trace elements were detected above laboratory detection limits in Knowles, Forgotten, and Moqui Canyons. All water samples from the side canyon transects had low colony counts of Escherichia coli (E. coli); the highest count was less than one-fourth of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit for recreational water. Four water samples collected near beaches in Moqui Canyon had E. coli colony counts that exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recommended limit.

The American College Teacher: National Norms for the 2001-2002 HERI Faculty Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindholm, Jennifer A.; Astin, Alexander W.; Sax, Linda J.; Korn, William S.

This report summarizes the highlights of a national survey of college and university faculty that was conducted by the Higher Education Research Institute (HERI) in fall and winter of 2001-2001. This is the fifth in a series of surveys conducted on a triennial basis. Results are based on the responses of 32,840 full-time college and university…

Occurrence of human pharmaceuticals in water resources of the United States: A review

USGS Publications Warehouse

Focazio, M.J.; Kolpin, D.W.; Furlong, E.T.

2004-01-01

The widespread environmental presence of some pharmaceuticals and other organic wastewater compounds has been documented globally (e.g. Buser et al. 1998; Ternes 1998; Stumpf et al.1999; Heberer et al. 2001; Kümmerer 2001; Ternes et al. 2001; Scheytt et al. 2001; Golet et al. 2002; Kolpin et al. 2002; Boyd et al. 2003; Metcalf et al. 2003). Recently, there have been several literature reviews and summary studies of the occurrence, fate, transport, and treatment of targeted human pharmaceuticals in wastewater effluent and associated environmental waters across the globe (e.g. Daughton and Ternes 1999; Sedlak et al. 2000; Suter and Giger 2000; Daughton and Jones-Lepp 2001; Jones et al. 2001; Heberer 2002; and Drewes et al. 2002). The occurrence of pharmaceutical compounds in water resources is explained by their ubiquitous use, excretion of large percentages of the mass consumed, and incomplete removal during wastewater treatment (Stumpf et al.1999). The recent increase in detection of trace concentrations (typically less than a part per billion) of pharmaceuticals in water resources across the globe reflects improvements in laboratory analytical methods (Sedlak et al. 2000) and the associated increases in field surveys. The detection of pharmaceutical compounds in large rivers in Europe and in the North Sea (Buser et al. 1998; Ternes 1998; Stumpf et al. 1999) highlighted the fact that highly soluble, trace organic compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, may escape removal in wastewater treatment, and the mixing and concentration of wastewaters through conventional wastewater treatment processes could provide a means of delivering these chemicals to environmental waters in a manner that would contaminate water resources on a large scale at trace levels (Richardson and Bowron 1985). In the United States, some of the first detections of a limited number of pharmaceutically active compounds or their transformation products were found in waters associated with landfill leachates or sewage effluent (Tabak and Bunch 1970; Garrison et al. 1976; Hignite and Azarnoff 1977; Bouwer et al. 1982; Eckel et al. 1991) decades ago. At the time of these studies, other industrial contaminants were the focus of regulatory and scientific interest; therefore, further studies on the environmental occurrence and transport of pharmaceutical compounds were rare.

Balloon-Borne Observations of the Polarization of the Cosmic Microwave Background

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

This final report is confined to the sub-contract to Caltech, and does not cover work at the PI institution (PI John Ruhl, Case Western Reserve University). In our original proposal, we planned to fly BOOMERANG twice, in the 2000 / 2001 and 2002 / 2003 Austral LDB seasons. The first flight was to have used a newly developed detector technology: the Polarization Sensitive Bolometer (PSB). The second flight was to have used a yet more sophisticated technology: a polarization sensitive, antenna-coupled array (CAMWA). The development of both technologies proceeded more slowly than anticipated. In the end, we were successful in developing the PSB technology to maturity, integrating it into the payload, and flying the payload once during the 2002/2003 Austral season. The payload performed well during this flight, and analysis of the data is in progress. As originally proposed, we have also continued to work on analysis of the data from the 1998 flight, and several publications have resulted. Sufficient progress has been made on the CAMWA technology that we expect to be able to field it into an instrument in 2 to 3 years. However, ground-based telescopes now appear to be a more attractive platform for CMB polarimetry, owing to the longer integration times available. We thus anticipate first implementing CAMWA on a ground-based telescope at South Pole.

West Nile Virus in Farmed Alligators

PubMed Central

Mauel, Michael J.; Baldwin, Charles; Burtle, Gary; Ingram, Dallas; Hines, Murray E.; Frazier, Kendal S.

2003-01-01

Seven alligators were submitted to the Tifton Veterinary Diagnostic and Investigational Laboratory for necropsy during two epizootics in the fall of 2001 and 2002. The alligators were raised in temperature-controlled buildings and fed a diet of horsemeat supplemented with vitamins and minerals. Histologic findings in the juvenile alligators were multiorgan necrosis, heterophilic granulomas, and heterophilic perivasculitis and were most indicative of septicemia or bacteremia. Histologic findings in a hatchling alligator were random foci of necrosis in multiple organs and mononuclear perivascular encephalitis, indicative of a viral cause. West Nile virus was isolated from submissions in 2002. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) results on all submitted case samples were positive for West Nile virus for one of four cases associated with the 2001 epizootic and three of three cases associated with the 2002 epizootic. RT-PCR analysis was positive for West Nile virus in the horsemeat collected during the 2002 outbreak but negative in the horsemeat collected after the outbreak. PMID:12890319

Powdery Mildew Decreases the Radial Growth of Oak Trees with Cumulative and Delayed Effects over Years

PubMed Central

Bert, Didier; Lasnier, Jean-Baptiste; Capdevielle, Xavier; Dugravot, Aline; Desprez-Loustau, Marie-Laure

2016-01-01

Quercus robur and Q. petraea are major European forest tree species. They have been affected by powdery mildew caused by Erysiphe alphitoides for more than a century. This fungus is a biotrophic foliar pathogen that diverts photosynthetate from the plant for its own nutrition. We used a dendrochronological approach to investigate the effects of different levels of infection severity on the radial growth of young oak trees. Oak infection was monitored at individual tree level, at two sites in southwestern France, over a five-year period (2001–2005). Mean infection severity was almost 75% (infected leaf area) at the end of the 2001 growing season, at both sites, but only about 40% in 2002, and 8%, 5% and 2% in 2003, 2004 and 2005, respectively. Infection levels varied considerably between trees and were positively related between 2001 and 2002. Increment cores were taken from each tree to assess annual ring widths and increases in basal area. Annual radial growth was standardised to take the effect of tree size into account. Annual standardised radial growth was significantly and negatively correlated with infection severity in the same year, for both 2001 and 2002, and at both sites. The decrease in growth reached 70–90% for highly infected trees. The earlywood width was poorly correlated with infection severity, but the proportion of latewood in tree rings was lower in highly infected trees (60%) than in less heavily infected trees (85%). Infection in 2001 and 2002 was found to have a cumulative effect on radial growth in these years, together with a delayed effect detectable in 2003. Thus, even non-lethal pathogens like powdery mildew can have a significant impact on tree functioning. This impact should be taken into account in growth and yield models, to improve predictions of forest net primary production. PMID:27177029

An empirical approach to estimate soil erosion risk in Spain.

PubMed

Martín-Fernández, Luis; Martínez-Núñez, Margarita

2011-08-01

Soil erosion is one of the most important factors in land degradation and influences desertification worldwide. In 2001, the Spanish Ministry of the Environment launched the 'National Inventory of Soil Erosion (INES) 2002-2012' to study the process of soil erosion in Spain. The aim of the current article is to assess the usefulness of this National Inventory as an instrument of control, measurement and monitoring of soil erosion in Spain. The methodology and main features of this National Inventory are described in detail. The results achieved as of the end of May 2010 are presented, together with an explanation of the utility of the Inventory as a tool for planning forest hydrologic restoration, soil protection, erosion control, and protection against desertification. Finally, the authors make a comparative analysis of similar initiatives for assessing soil erosion in other countries at the national and European levels. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

EFFECTS OF CHLORINATION ON THE PERSISTENCE OF PHARMACEUTICALS IN THE ENVIRONMENT

EPA Science Inventory

In the past decade, the identification of pharmaceuticals in surface (Jones et al. 2001; Ternes 1998), ground (Sacher et al. 2001) and drinking (Heberer 2002) waters has attracted the attention of both the scientific and lay communities. Although the concentrations of these comp...

40 CFR 62.3913 - Identification of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... landfills submitted by the Iowa Department of Natural Resources on September 19, 2001. The effective date of the amended plan is February 11, 2002. [63 FR 20103, Apr. 23, 1998, as amended at 66 FR 64154, Dec. 12, 2001] Air Emissions From Existing Hospital/Medical/Infectious Waste Incinerators ...

Disaster Relief and Emergency Medical Services Project (DREAMS TM): Clinical and Basic Science Projects

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-07-01

patients’ oral morning temperatures fall approximately ten days after starting cholesterol-lowering statin medication such as simvastatin, atorvastatin or...application for DREAMS renewal for fiscal years 2001-2002 (submitted June 2001). Appendix: Effect of Atorvastatin (Lipitor®) Therapy on Morning

Insights from Human/Mouse genome comparisons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pennacchio, Len A.

2003-03-30

Large-scale public genomic sequencing efforts have provided a wealth of vertebrate sequence data poised to provide insights into mammalian biology. These include deep genomic sequence coverage of human, mouse, rat, zebrafish, and two pufferfish (Fugu rubripes and Tetraodon nigroviridis) (Aparicio et al. 2002; Lander et al. 2001; Venter et al. 2001; Waterston et al. 2002). In addition, a high-priority has been placed on determining the genomic sequence of chimpanzee, dog, cow, frog, and chicken (Boguski 2002). While only recently available, whole genome sequence data have provided the unique opportunity to globally compare complete genome contents. Furthermore, the shared evolutionary ancestrymore » of vertebrate species has allowed the development of comparative genomic approaches to identify ancient conserved sequences with functionality. Accordingly, this review focuses on the initial comparison of available mammalian genomes and describes various insights derived from such analysis.« less

An overview comparing results from two decades of monitoring for pesticides in the Nation’s streams and rivers, 1992-2001 and 2002-2011

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stone, Wesley W.; Gilliom, Robert J.; Martin, Jeffrey D.

2014-01-01

This report provides an overview of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment program and National Stream Quality Accounting Network findings for pesticide occurrence in U.S. streams and rivers during 2002–11 and compares them to findings for the previous decade (1992–2001). In addition, pesticide stream concentrations were compared to Human Health Benchmarks (HHBs) and chronic Aquatic Life Benchmarks (ALBs). The comparisons between the decades were intended to be simple and descriptive. Trends over time are being evaluated separately in a series of studies involving rigorous trend analysis. During both decades, one or more pesticides or pesticide degradates were detected more than 90 percent of the time in streams across all types of land uses. For individual pesticides during 2002–11, atrazine (and degradate, deethylatrazine), carbaryl, fipronil (and degradates), metolachlor, prometon, and simazine were detected in streams more than 50 percent of the time. In contrast, alachlor, chlorpyrifos, cyanazine, diazinon, EPTC, Dacthal, and tebuthiuron were detected less frequently in streams during the second decade than during the first decade. During 2002–11, only one stream had an annual mean pesticide concentration that exceeded an HHB. In contrast, 17 percent of agriculture land-use streams and one mixed land-use stream had annual mean pesticide concentrations that exceeded HHBs during 1992–2001. The difference between the first and second decades in terms of percent of streams exceeding HHBs was attributed to regulatory changes. During 2002–11, nearly two-thirds of agriculture land-use streams and nearly one-half of mixed land-use streams exceeded chronic ALBs. For urban land use, 90 percent of the streams exceeded a chronic ALB. Fipronil, metolachlor, malathion, cis-permethrin, and dichlorvos exceeded chronic ALBs for more than 10 percent of the streams. For agriculture and mixed land-use streams, the overall percent of streams that exceeded a chronic ALB was very similar between the decades. For urban land-use streams, the percent of streams exceeding a chronic ALB during 2002–11 nearly doubled that seen during 1992–2001. The reason for this difference was the inclusion of fipronil monitoring during the second decade. Across all land-use streams, the percent of streams exceeding a chronic ALB for fipronil during 2002–11 was greater than all other insecticides during both decades. The percent of streams exceeding a chronic ALB for metolachlor, chlorpyrifos, diazinon, malathion, and carbaryl decreased from the first decade to the second decade. The results of the 2002–11 summary and comparison to 1992–2001 are consistent with the results from more rigorous trend analysis of pesticide stream concentrations for individual streams in various regions of the U.S.

Occurrence, distribution, and transport of pesticides, trace elements, and selected inorganic constituents into the Salton Sea Basin, California, 2001-2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

LeBlanc, Lawrence A.; Schroeder, Roy A.; Orlando, James L.; Kuivila, Kathyrn M.

2004-01-01

A study of pesticide distribution and transport within the Salton Sea Basin, California, was conducted from September 2001 to October 2002. Sampling for the study was done along transects for the three major rivers that flow into the Salton Sea Basin: the New and Alamo Rivers at the southern end of the basin and the Whitewater River at the northern end. Three stations were established on each river: an outlet station approximately 1 mile upstream of the river discharge, a near-shore station in the river delta, and off-shore station in the Salton Sea. Water and suspended and bed sediments were collected at each station in October 2001, March-April 2002, and September 2002, coinciding with peak pesticide applications in the fall and spring. Fourteen current-use pesticides were detected in the water column. Concentrations of dissolved pesticides typically decreased from the outlets to the sea in all three rivers, consistent with the off-shore transport of pesticides from the rivers to the sea. Dissolved concentrations ranged from the limits of detection to 151 nanograms per liter (ng/L); however, diazinon, eptam (EPTC), and malathion were detected at much higher concentrations (940?3,830 ng/L) at the New and Alamo River outlet and near-shore stations. Concentrations of carbaryl, dacthal, diazinon, and eptam were higher during the two fall sampling periods, whereas concentrations of atrazine, carbofuran, and trifluralin were higher during the spring. Current-use pesticides also were detected on suspended and bed sediments in concentrations ranging from method detection limits to 106 ng/g (nanograms per gram). Chlorpyrifos, dacthal, eptam, trifluralin, and DDE were the most frequently detected pesticides on sediments from all three rivers. The number and concentrations of pesticides associated with suspended sediments frequently were similar for the river outlet and near-shore sites, consistent with the downstream transport of sediment-associated pesticides out of the rivers. Seasonal trends in pesticide concentration were similar to those for dissolved concentrations in fall 2001 and spring 2002, but not in fall 2002. Generally, the pesticides detected in the suspended sediments were the same pesticides detected in the bed sediments, and concentrations were similar, especially at the Alamo River outlet site in spring 2002 and fall 2002. Pesticides generally were not detected in sediments from the off-shore sites; however, the samples from these sites also had greater incidences of matrix interference during analysis. Sediment-associated pesticide concentrations were above equilibrium in water, suggesting a bound fraction of sediment-associated pesticides that are resistant to desorption. Concentrations of trace elements and other inorganic constituents in suspended sediments collected during the fall 2001 followed expected trends with dilution of river-derived minerals owing to highly organic autochthonous production within the Salton Sea Basin. However, calculation of enrichment ratios provided evidence for the bioconcentration of several trace elements, notably selenium in the off-shore biota.

Indiana chronic disease management program risk stratification analysis.

PubMed

Li, Jingjin; Holmes, Ann M; Rosenman, Marc B; Katz, Barry P; Downs, Stephen M; Murray, Michael D; Ackermann, Ronald T; Inui, Thomas S

2005-10-01

The objective of this study was to compare the ability of risk stratification models derived from administrative data to classify groups of patients for enrollment in a tailored chronic disease management program. This study included 19,548 Medicaid patients with chronic heart failure or diabetes in the Indiana Medicaid data warehouse during 2001 and 2002. To predict costs (total claims paid) in FY 2002, we considered candidate predictor variables available in FY 2001, including patient characteristics, the number and type of prescription medications, laboratory tests, pharmacy charges, and utilization of primary, specialty, inpatient, emergency department, nursing home, and home health care. We built prospective models to identify patients with different levels of expenditure. Model fit was assessed using R statistics, whereas discrimination was assessed using the weighted kappa statistic, predictive ratios, and the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. We found a simple least-squares regression model in which logged total charges in FY 2002 were regressed on the log of total charges in FY 2001, the number of prescriptions filled in FY 2001, and the FY 2001 eligibility category, performed as well as more complex models. This simple 3-parameter model had an R of 0.30 and, in terms in classification efficiency, had a sensitivity of 0.57, a specificity of 0.90, an area under the receiver operator curve of 0.80, and a weighted kappa statistic of 0.51. This simple model based on readily available administrative data stratified Medicaid members according to predicted future utilization as well as more complicated models.

Consumption estimates of walleye stocked as fry to suppress fathead minnow populations in west-central Minnesota wetlands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ward, M.C.; Willis, D.W.; Herwig, B.R.; Chipps, S.R.; Parsons, B.G.; Reed, J.R.; Hanson, M.A.

2008-01-01

Fisheries managers throughout the Prairie Pothole Region of Minnesota often use semi-permanent and permanent wetland basins to extensively culture walleye Sander vitreus fry. Waterfowl managers have expressed concern over this practice because of the potential influence that fish have on food resources used by waterfowl during development and migration. It is well known that native fathead minnows Pimephales promelas can have detrimental effects on macroinvertebrates, zooplankton, water clarity, epiphyton, and macrophytes in wetlands. Because walleye commonly become piscivorous as soon as mouth gape allows, walleye fry may suppress fathead minnow populations and improve wetland conditions for waterfowl. In this study, we quantify consumption estimates, specifically predation on fathead minnows, by age-0 and age-1 walleye reared in natural wetland basins. Six wetlands were stocked in mid-May 2001 and 2002 at a rate of 12,000 walleye fry ha-1. Age-0 walleye were sampled bi-weekly from mid-June through mid-September 2001. Age-0 and age-1 walleye were sampled monthly from mid-May through mid-September 2002. A generalised diet shift from zooplankton to fish to macroinvertebrates was observed in 2001, whereas diets of juvenile walleye contained primarily macroinvertebrates in 2002. Stocked walleye quickly reduced fathead minnow populations in 2001 and suppression was maintained throughout 2002. Although walleye consumed primarily macroinvertebrates once prey fish populations became suppressed, consumption estimates of invertebrates by walleye were substantially less than those documented for fathead minnow populations. Thus, stocking age-0 walleye was an effective biomanipulation tool that substantially reduced fathead minnow densities and influenced lower trophic levels in these aquatic communities. ?? 2007 Blackwell Munksgaard.

Does the Fast Patrol Boat Have a Future in the Navy?

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-05-31

Admiral Dennis Blair (Commander and Chief, United States Pacific Command) testified to Congress “countering terrorism, weapons proliferation...United States Navy. Blair, Dennis C., Admiral, USN. 2001a. Interview by Maria Ressa, CNN Jakarta Bureau, December 1. Interview transcript on-line...Available from http://www. pacom.mil/speeches/sst2001/011201blairCNN.htm. Internet accessed 3 March 2002. Blair, Dennis C., Admiral, USN. 2001b

Assessment of Fish Habitat, Water Quality, and Selected Contaminants in Streambed Sediments in Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska, 2001-2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kennedy, Ben W.; Whitman, Matthew S.; Burrows, Robert L.; Richmond, Sharon A.

2004-01-01

During 2001-2002, the U.S. Geological Survey sampled streambed sediment at 23 sites, measured water quality at 26 sites, and assessed fish habitat for the entire length of Noyes Slough, a 5.5-mile slough of the Chena River in Fairbanks, Alaska. These studies were undertaken to document the environmental condition of the slough and to provide information to the public for consideration in plans to improve environmental conditions of the waterway. The availability of physical habitat for fish in the slough does not appear to be limited, although some beaver dams and shallow water may restrict movement, particularly during low flow. Elevated water temperatures in summer and low dissolved-oxygen concentrations are the principle factors adversely affecting water quality in Noyes Slough. Increased flow mitigated poor water-quality conditions and reduced the number of possible fish barriers. Flow appears to be the most prominent mechanism shaping water quality and fish habitat in Noyes Slough. Streambed sediment samples collected at 23 sites in 2001 were analyzed for 24 trace elements. Arsenic, lead, and zinc were the only trace elements detected in concentrations that exceed probable effect levels for the protection of aquatic life. The background concentration for arsenic in Noyes Slough is naturally elevated because of significant concentrations of arsenic in local bedrock and ground water. Sources of the zinc and lead contamination are uncertain, however both lead and zinc are common urban contaminants. Streambed-sediment samples from 12 sites in 2002 were analyzed for organochlorine pesticides, polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs). The concentration of bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate of 2,600 micrograms per kilogram (?g/kg) for one sample from the site above Aurora Drive approached the aquatic-life criterion of 2,650 ?g/kg. Low concentrations of p-cresol, chrysene, and fluoranthene were detected in most of the sediment samples. The presence of these compounds in Noyes Slough sediment was expected because cresols are emitted to the atmosphere in the exhaust from motor vehicles and chrysene and fluoranthene are formed during the incomplete burning of coal, oil, gas, wood, garbage, or other organic substances. Low-level concentrations of DDT or its degradation products DDD and DDE were detected in all samples collected during 2002. However, total DDT (DDT+DDD+DDE) concentrations are less than the effects range median aquatic-life criterion of 46.1 ?g/kg. In general, total DDT concentrations were less than 10 ?g/kg, except for samples from two sites that have estimated concentrations of about 14 and 20 ?g/kg.

Homeland Security, A Primary Army Function

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

www.efilmqroup.com/nowhere.html>; Internet; accessed 27 January 2002 . ൕ Ibid., 1-4. 14 Gannon , John C., "The US Intelligence Community and Biological...Release. Distribution is Unlimited. USAWC CLASS OF 2002 U.S. ARMY WAR COLLEGE, CARLISLE BARRACKS, PA 17013-5050 20020502 072 USAWC STRATEGY RESEARCH PROJECT...Project DATE: 09 April 2002 PAGES:43 CLASSIFICATION: Unclassified This paper will explore new Army requirements based on the September 2001 Quadrennial

Effects of cigarette smoking on diagnostic tests for work-related hypersensitivity pneumonitis: data from an outbreak of lung disease in metalworkers.

PubMed

Dangman, Kenneth H; Storey, Eileen; Schenck, Paula; Hodgson, Michael J

2004-05-01

It is widely believed that development of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP) is forestalled in cigarette smokers. We encountered the largest outbreak of HP in metalworkers yet reported [Hodgson et al. (2001): Am J Ind Med 39:616-628] and subsequently did a chart review of the 61 patients seen in connection with the outbreak [Dangman et al. (2002a): Am J Resp Crit Care Med 165(8):A528; Dangman et al. (2002b): Am J Ind Med 42:150-162], developing a diagnostic index for this disease. A re-examination of data from the chart review was carried out to explore possible effects of cigarette smoking on the clinical tests used to diagnose HP [Hodgson et al. (2001): Am J Ind Med 39:616-628]. Cigarette smokers with HP were less likely than non-smokers with HP to develop crackles in the lungs, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rates (ESRs), and restrictive spirometry. Smoking habits had little effect on diffusion capacity and alveolar-arterial oxygen gradients in the patients with HP. Smokers were more likely to have abnormal gallium scans than non-smokers. It appears that cigarette smoking can affect the physical examination findings, spirometry, and ESR changes associated with HP, making these tests less sensitive and specific, and potentially obscuring the diagnosis. Such changes may contribute to the apparent "protective" effect of smoking on the development of HP.

Terrorism in Mexico.

PubMed

Nordin, Yannick; Cruz-Vega, Felipe; Roman, Fernando

2003-01-01

Even though Mexico is considered internationally as a pacifist country, its economic, social, and geopolitical characteristics during the last half of the 20th century have resulted in internal events that can be considered acts of terrorism. Most of the acts of terrorism during the last 15 years have had to do either with political movements or drug-dealing actions. After the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States, Mexican Health Authorities have strengthened the epidemiological surveillance system. More than 1,372 calls asking for information or reporting suspicious envelopes were received between 16 October and 21 October 2001. Following the earthquake in 1985 that caused great damage and many deaths in Mexico, the National Civil Protection System was created in 1986. This protection system is led by the President and the Secretary of Government. It was developed to improve preparedness for disaster coordination more than for terrorism responses. In addition, the emergency medical systems continue to lack organization, even though some states have shown significant progress in their emergency medical system.

The Walla Walla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project : Progress Report, 1999-2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Contor, Craig R.; Sexton, Amy D.

2003-06-02

The Walla Walla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (WWNPME) was funded by Bonneville Power Administration (BPA) as directed by section 4(h) of the Pacific Northwest Electric Power Planning and Conservation Act of 1980 (P. L. 96-501). This project is in accordance with and pursuant to measures 4.2A, 4.3C.1, 7.1A.2, 7.1C.3, 7.1C.4 and 7.1D.2 of the Northwest Power Planning Council's (NPPC) Columbia River Basin Fish and Wildlife Program (NPPC 1994). Work was conducted by the Fisheries Program of the Confederated Tribes of the Umatilla Indian Reservation (CTUIR) under the Walla Walla Basin Natural Production Monitoring and Evaluation Project (WWNPME).more » Chapter One provides an overview of the entire report and how the objectives of each statement of work from 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 contract years are organized and reported. Chapter One also provides background information relevant to the aquatic resources of the Walla Walla River Basin. Objectives are outlined below for the statements of work for the 1999, 2000, 2001 and 2002 contract years. The same objectives were sometimes given different numbers in different years. Because this document is a synthesis of four years of reporting, we gave objectives letter designations and listed the objective number associated with the statement of work for each year. Some objectives were in all four work statements, while other objectives were in only one or two work statements. Each objective is discussed in a chapter. The chapter that reports activities and findings of each objective are listed with the objective below. Because data is often interrelated, aspects of some findings may be reported or discussed in more than one chapter. Specifics related to tasks, approaches, methods, results and discussion are addressed in the individual chapters.« less

Prospects for nasa s astrobiology mission Leonid Mac and ground-based observations during the upcoming 2002 Leonid storms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jenniskens, P.; Schmidt, G.

Meteors represent a unique pathway from organic matter in space to prebiotic molecules on Earth. In the process, the organic material is changed in ways that are not easily simulated in the laboratory. An essential step to knowing what molecules may have been delivered from space at the time of the origin of life is understanding the physical conditions in the meteor phenomenon and to trace the fate of organic compounds in real-live meteors. This was the objective of the NASA and USAF sponsored Leonid Multi-Instrument Aircraft Campaign, wth successful missionsi during the strong Leonid showers of November 1998, 1999 and 2001. The research aircraft offer an international team of observers the opportunity to be above clouds and scattered Moon light and to be at the right place, at the right time. One further campaign is being prepared for a mission on November 19, 2002, when the Leonid meteor shower is expected to peak twice in succession, at rates of around ZHR = 4000/hr and 5000/hr, which will be best seen over western Europe and the America's, respectively. This presentation serves to encourage ground-based observations for observers at those locations. To that purpose, a summary will be given of the results to date, with emphasis on the progress made during the spectacular storms of 2001. We will briefly outline the new meteor model that has evolved and our new understanding of persistent emissions and the fate of meteoric matter after deposition. The new data have answered some questions, but also raised numerous issues that need to be addressed further. Finally, past Leonid storms have proven ideal to involve the public in astrobiology and provided a trilling experience, examples of which will be given. The 2002 Leonid storms are expected to be the last until 2099.

Status Report to the Governor and General Assembly, 2001.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education, Frankfort.

The Kentucky Council on Postsecondary Education reports on its activities and achievements in 2001. The Council describes some of its activities, including: developing funding recommendations for Kentucky's college and universities for the 2002-2004 biennium; (2) continuing the startup of the Kentucky Virtual University, a consortium online…

Kindergarten Education: Theory, Research, and Practice, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Violet B., Ed.

2001-01-01

This document is comprised of the two issues of a biannually published journal featuring research studies, theoretical essays, and classroom practice articles about the development and education of kindergarten children as well as occasional articles concerning preschool and the early primary grades. The Spring/Summer 2001 issue contains the…

Increasing Medical Student Numbers in England, 2001. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higher Education Funding Council for England, Bristol.

This report provides information on the further allocation of additional medical student numbers in England from 2001-2002 and explains the decision making process underpinning these allocations. A report by the Medical Workforce Standing Advisory Committee in December 1997 concluded that a substantial increase in medical school intakes was…

Alaska Developmental Profile, 2001-2002. Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fenton, Ray

This document presents a profile of the development of Alaska kindergarten and first grade students in fall 2001. Alaska teachers completed reports for 13,688 kindergarten and first grade students at that time. Most were found to exhibit important behaviors associated with school successes on the Alaska Developmental Profile Recording Form.…

NCLB--Year for Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Odland, Jerry

2007-01-01

Much debate continues about whether the 2001 No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) has actually improved the academic achievement level of poorly performing students or only created yet another layer of government oversight to an already heavily burdened public school system. Drafted in 2001 and signed into law in January 2002, NCLB provided the…

FACCCTS: Journal of the Faculty Association of California Community Colleges, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Katherine, Ed.

2002-01-01

This document is comprised of four Faculty Association of California Community Colleges (FACCC) newsletters. The September 2001 issue is entitled "Many Voices, One Goal," and contains the following articles: "Growing Pains, Faculty's Role in Governance," and "AB 1725 and Other War Stories," among others. The issue…

NUCLEAR CLEANUP: Progress Made at Rocky Flats, but Closure by 2006 Is Unlikely, and Costs May Increase

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-02-01

liquids or residues from process pipes and tanks. The contractor also dismantled plutonium - processing furnaces, stripped out contaminated process...Soil Cleanup Levels on the Scope and Cost of the 903 Pad Cleanup 30 Figures Figure 1: Workers in Protective Clothing Handling Plutonium - Contaminated ...activities—shipping nuclear materials such as plutonium - contaminated metals and powders—is expected to be completed in 2002. Another activity

ARL Annual Salary Survey, 2002-2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyrillidou, Martha, Comp.; Young, Mark, Comp.

This document reports the 2001-2002 salary data for all professional staff working in ARL (Association of Research Libraries) libraries. Data for 9,469 professional staff members were reported for the 124 ARL university libraries, including their law and medical libraries (909 staff members reported by 69 medical libraries and 726 staff members…

Editorial Reviewers for 2002

PubMed Central

2002-01-01

The editorial staff of The American Journal of Human Genetics would like to thank the following scientists for their invaluable assistance in reviewing manuscripts from July 1, 2001, through June 30, 2002. We would like to extend special recognition to the following for reviewing five or more papers in this time period.

The Changing Impact of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease in Clinical Practice.

PubMed

Akst, Lee M; Haque, Omar J; Clarke, John O; Hillel, Alexander T; Best, Simon R A; Altman, Kenneth W

2017-03-01

The National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) database was utilized to understand evolving national trends in diagnosis and management of reflux. The NAMCS database was queried for visits related to gastroesophageal reflux diagnosis and management. Analysis performed for time periods 1998-2001, 2002-2005, and 2006-2009 was weighted to provide national estimates of care. Results were compared to previously reported time periods from 1990 to 2001 to evaluate patterns in overall visits, age and ethnicity of patients, provider type, and prescriptions provided. The number of ambulatory visits for reflux increased from 8 684 000 in 1998-2001 to 15 750 000 in 2006-2009. Visits increased across each time period for internal medicine, family, and gastroenterology physicians. Among otolaryngologists, absolute visits increased from 1998-2001 to 2002-2005 but decreased in 2006-2009; difference between these time periods did not reach statistical significance. From 1998-2001 to 2006-2009, reflux medication use increased 233%, with continuing trends toward increased proton pump inhibitor use. Reflux visits have increased across all demographic subgroups studied. Knowledge of these trends may inform further paradigm shifts in diagnosis and management of reflux.

Number and Impact of Published Scholarly Works by Pharmacy Practice Faculty Members at Accredited US Colleges and Schools of Pharmacy (2001-2003)

PubMed Central

Coleman, Craig I.; Schlesselman, Lauren S.; Lao, Eang

2007-01-01

Objective To evaluate the quantity and quality of published literature conducted by pharmacy practice faculty members in US colleges and schools of pharmacy for the years 2001-2003. Methods The Web of Science bibliographic database was used to identify publication citations for the years 2001-2003, which were then evaluated in a number of different ways. Faculty members were identified using American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy rosters for the 2000-2001, 2001-2002, and 2002-2003 academic years. Results Two thousand three hundred seventy-four pharmacy practice faculty members generated 1,896 publications in Web of Science searchable journals. A small number of faculty members (2.1%) were responsible for a large proportion of publications (30.6%), and only 4.9% of faculty members published 2 or more publications in these journals per year. The average impact factor for the top 200 publications was 7.6. Conclusion Pharmacy practice faculty members contributed substantially to the biomedical literature and their work has had an important impact. A substantial portion of this work has come from a small subset of faculty members. PMID:17619644

Water quality of the Fox River and four tributaries in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, 2001-2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Graczyk, David J.; Garn, Herbert S.

2003-01-01

The purpose of this report is to summarize the water-quality data collected on the Fox River and its tributaries in Green Lake County, Wisconsin, from November 2001 through August 2002. The goals of the project were to (1) determine the current water quality of the Fox River and selected main tributaries in Green Lake County, (2) assess the spacial variation of the water-quality conditions of the main Fox River reach, and (3) build on the quantitative data base so that future monitoring can help detect and evaluate improving or declining water-quality conditions objectively.

Evaluating the Effectiveness of the 2001-2002 NASA CONNECT(tm) Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pinelli, Thomas E.; Frank, Kari Lou; Lambert, Matthew A.; Williams, Amy C.

2002-01-01

NASA CONNECT(tm) is a research and standards-based, integrated mathematics, science, and technology series of 30-minute instructional distance learning (television and web-based) programs for students in grades 6-8. Respondents who evaluated the programs in the 2001-2002 NASA CONNECT(tm) series reported that (1) they used the programs in the series; (2) the goals and objectives for the series were met; (3) the programs were aligned with the national mathematics, science, and technology standards; (4) the program content was developmentally appropriate for grade level; and (5) the programs in the series enhanced and enriched the teaching of mathematics, science, and technology.

Epidemiology of completed suicides in Singapore for 2001 and 2002.

PubMed

Loh, Marie; Tan, Chay Hoon; Sim, Kang; Lau, Gilbert; Mondry, Adrian; Leong, Jern-Yi; Tan, Ene-Choo

2007-01-01

This study provides an analysis of 640 completed suicide cases in Singapore for the years 2001 and 2002, compared to previous years and in relation to demographic and socioeconomic factors, as well as to the characteristics of a subgroup of suicide victims with prior psychiatric illness. There was little change in the suicide pattern over the 2 years studied compared to previous years. The sex ratio was constant at 1.5. Population-adjusted ratios were 1 for Chinese, 0.5 for Malays, and >1 for both Indians and other ethnic groups. Falling from heights ranked first in terms of method adopted for both years. A disproportionately higher number of suicides were recorded for the 25-34 and the > or =75-year-old age groups. A total of 47 (17.2%) in 2001 and 74 (20.2%) in 2002 of the cases had a history of prior psychiatric illness, with psychotic disorders being the most common diagnostic category. There was also a statistically significant correlation between unemployment and incidence rates. Although the overall rate of elderly suicides had gone down since the 1990s, prevention strategy should focus on the elderly as this rate is still about 3-4 times the national average.

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts among Hispanic subgroups in the United States: 1991–1992 and 2001–2002

PubMed Central

Baca-Garcia, Enrique; Perez-Rodriguez, M. Mercedes; Keyes, Katherine M.; Oquendo, Maria A.; Hasin, Deborah S.; Grant, Bridget F.; Blanco, Carlos

2010-01-01

Objective To compare the prevalence of suicidal ideation/attempts among Hispanic subgroups in the US in 1991–1992 and 2001–2002, and identify high-risk groups. Method Data were drawn from the 1991–1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey (NLAES, n=42,862) and the 2001–2002 National Epidemiological Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC,n=43,093), two nationally representative surveys of individuals aged 18 years and older. Results 1) Puerto Ricans are the Hispanic ethnic subgroup with the highest rates of suicide attempts; 2) 45- to 64-year-old Puerto Rican women are a high- risk group for suicide attempts; 3) Over the 10 year period between the two surveys, the lifetime prevalence of suicide attempts significantly increased among 18- to 24-year-old Puerto Rican women and Cuban men, and among 45- to 64-year-old Puerto Rican men. Conclusion Hispanics in the US are not a homogeneous group. We identify high-risk groups among Hispanics. Specific interventions for subgroups of Hispanics at high risk for suicidal behaviors may be required. PMID:20937507

Prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations following implementation of a structured blood safety policy in South Africa.

PubMed

Heyns, Anthon du P; Benjamin, Richard J; Swanevelder, J P Ronel; Laycock, Megan E; Pappalardo, Brandee L; Crookes, Robert L; Wright, David J; Busch, Michael P

2006-02-01

The South African National Blood Service collects more than 700,000 units of blood annually from a population in which 11.4% is infected with human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1). The prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations increased to 0.26% (1:385) in 1998, indicating that a significant number of window-period infective units were entering the blood supply (risk 3.4/100,000). To determine whether the implementation of a new donor selection policy and educational program introduced in 1999 was associated with reductions in the incidence and prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations and the reduced transmission risk. We compared the prevalence of HIV-1 in 880,534 blood donations collected from 1999 through 2000 with the 791,639 blood donations collected from 2001 through 2002. We estimated the incidence of HIV-1 in 93,378 (1999-2000) and 67,231 (2001-2002) first-time donations and the residual risk for all donations in 2001-2002 using the less-sensitive enzyme-linked immunoassay and incidence-window period model. All blood donors in the Inland region of the South African National Blood Service were analyzed. Donor clinics in high HIV prevalence areas were closed. Programs targeting repeat donors and youth were initiated and HIV risk behavior education programs were developed. Structured donor interviews and an enhanced donor self-exclusion questionnaire were institutionalized. The prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations declined from 0.17% in 1999-2000 to 0.08% in 2001-2002 after the implementation of the new donor selection and education policy. The number of high-risk donations collected decreased from 2.6% to 1.7% (P<.001), and the likelihood of these donations being infected decreased from 4.8% to 3.25%. The likelihood of first-time donors being recently infected with HIV-1 decreased from 18% to 14% (P = .07) and respective incidence of high-risk donations collected decreased from 2.6% to 1.7%. Donations from the majority black population declined from 6.6% to 4.2% (P<.001). Analysis of HIV-1 incidence in 2001-2002 suggests a residual risk of collecting a window period infectious unit of 2.6/100,000. The implementation of enhanced education and selection policies in South Africa was associated with decreased prevalence of HIV-1 in blood donations.

[Effects of eutrophication on distribution and population density of Corbicula fluminea and Bellamya sp. in Chaohu Lake].

PubMed

Deng, Daogui; Li, Hongyuan; Hu, Wanming; Zhou, Qiong; Guo, Longgen

2005-08-01

The investigation on the distribution an d population density of C. fluminea and Bellamya sp. in Chaohu Lake during September 2001 and September 2002 showed that in the west region of the lake where was seriously eutrophic, the density and biomass of C. fluminea were 5.1 ind. x m(-2) and 17.87 g x m(-2) in 2001, and 8.8 ind. x m(-2) and 47.29 g x m(-2) in 2002, while those of Bellamya sp. were 13.3 ind. x m(-2) and 45.45 g x m(-2) in 2001, and 3.8 ind. x m(-2) and 12.56 g x m(-2) in 2002, respectively. In the east region of the lake where was eutrophic, the density and biomass of C. fluminea were 23.8 ind. x m(-2) and 67.86 g x m(-2) in 2001, and 29.2 ind. x m(-2) and 96.18 g x m(-2) in 2002, while those of Bellamya sp. were 10.1 ind. x m(-2) and 32.00 g x m(-2) in 2001, and 9.4 ind. x m(-2) and 31.21 g x m(-2) in 2002, respectively. The density and biomass of C. fluminea and Bellamya sp. were declined with increasing eutrophication. In hypertrophic region, C. fluminea and Bellamya sp. were absent. The density and biomass of the two species were obviously higher in littoral than in pelagic region. The distribution type of C. fluminea was core-model, while that of Bellamya sp. was random. The correlation between the density and biomass of C. fluminea and Bellamya sp. and water depth was not significant (P > 0.05). The biomass of Bellamya sp. was negatively correlated with water TN (P < 0.01), NO3-N (P < 0.05), TP(P < 0.01) and PO4-P (P < 0.05), while that of C. fluminea only had a significantly negative correlation with PO4-P(P < 0.05). Compared with 1981, there was fewer C. fluminea in the lake nowadays. The effects of other environmental factors on the population distribution and growth of C. fluminea and Bellamya sp. were also discussed.

A Survey of the Invasive Aquatic and Riparian Plants of the Lower Rio Grande

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

monocultures in many areas. In 2001 and 2003, surveys were conducted starting below Amistad Reservoir to immediately below Falcon Reservoir to assess...management programs to inhibit further new infestations locally and downstream. In 2001, 20 sites on the Rio Grande River were surveyed from Amistad Reservoir...the 2001 survey, hydrilla was found in Amistad Reservoir and below Falcon Reservoir. In August 2002, hydrilla fragments were observed in plant

Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Nutrient Inputs from Fertilizer and Manure, Nitrogen and Phosphorus (N&P), 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wieczorek, Michael; LaMotte, Andrew E.

2010-01-01

This tabular data set represents the total amount of nitrogen and phosphorus, in kilograms for the year 2002, compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of the Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set is County-Level Estimates of Nutrient Inputs to the Land Surface of the Conterminous United States, 1982-2001 (Ruddy and others, 2006). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).

Color-coded contour map of Mars M 25M RKN

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2002-01-01

NOTES ON BASE This map is based on data from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter (MOLA) (Smith and others, 2001), an instrument on NASA's Mars Global Surveyor (MGS) spacecraft (Albee and others, 2001). The image used for the base of this map represents more than 600 million measurements gathered between 1999 and 2001, adjusted for consistency (Neumann and others, 2001, 2002) and converted to planetary radii. These have been converted to elevations above the areoid as determined from a martian gravity field solution GMM2 (Lemoine and others, 2001), truncated to degree and order 50, and oriented according to current standards (see below). The average accuracy of each point is originally ~100 meters in horizontal position, and ~1 meter in radius (Neumann, 2001). However, the total elevation uncertainty is at least +3 m due to the global error in the areoid (+1.8 meters according to Lemoine and others, 2001) and regional uncertainties in its shape (communication from Neumann, 2002). The measurements were converted into a digital elevation model (DEM) (communication from Neumann, 2002; Neumann and others, 2001; Smith and others, 2001) using Generic Mapping Tools software (Wessel and Smith, 1998), with a resolution of 0.015625 degrees per pixel or 64 pixels per degree. In projection, the pixels are 926.17 meters in size at the equator. PROJECTION The Mercator projection is used between latitudes +57°, with a central meridian at 0° and latitude equal to the nominal scale at 0°. The Polar Stereographic projection is used for the polar regions north of the +55° parallel and south of the –55° parallel with a central meridian set for both at 0°. The adopted equatorial radius is 3,396.19 km (Duxbury and others 2002; Seidelmann and others 2002). COORDINATE SYSTEM The MOLA data were initially referenced to an internally consistent inertial coordinate system, derived from tracking of the MGS spacecraft. By adopting appropriate values for the orientation of Mars as defined by the International Astronomical Union (IAU) and the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) (Seidelmann and others, 2002), these inertial coordinates were converted into the planet-fixed coordinates (longitude and latitude) used on this map. These values include the orientation of the north pole of Mars (including the effects of precession), the rotation rate of Mars, and a value for W0 of 176.630°, where W0 is the angle along the equator to the east, between the 0° meridian and the equator's intersection with the celestial equator at the standard epoch J2000.0 (Seidelmann and others, 2002). This value of W0 was chosen (Duxbury and others, 2002) in order to place the 0° meridian through the center of the small (~500 m) crater Airy-0, located in the crater Airy (de Vaucouleurs and others, 1973; Seidelmann and others, 2002). Longitude increases to the east, and latitude is planetocentric as allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and in accordance with current NASA and USGS standards (Duxbury and others, 2002). A secondary grid (printed in red) has been added to the map as a reference to the west longitude/planetographic latitude system that is also allowed by IAU/IAG standards (Seidelmann and others, 2002) and has also been used for Mars. The figure adopted to compute this secondary grid is an oblate spheroid with an equatorial radius of 3,396.19 km and a polar radius of 3,376.2 km (Duxbury and others, 2002; Seidelmann and others, 2002). MAPPING TECHNIQUES To create the topographic base image, the original DEM produced by the MOLA team in Simple Cylindrical projection with a resolution of 64 pixels per degree was projected into the Mercator and Polar Stereographic pieces. A shaded relief was generated from each DEM with a sun angle of 30° from horizontal and a sun azimuth of 270°, as measured clockwise from north, and a vertical exaggeration of 100%. Illumination is from the west, which follows a long-standing USGS tradition for planetary maps. This allows for continuity in the shading between maps and quadrangles, and most closely resembles lighting conditions found on imagery. The DEM values were then mapped to a smooth global color look-up table. Note that the chosen color scheme simply represents elevation changes and is not intended to imply anything about surface characteristics (e.g., past or current presence of water or ice). These two files were then merged and scaled to 1:25 million for the Mercator portion and 1:15,196,708 for the two Polar Stereographic portions, with a resolution of 300 dots per inch. The projections have a common scale of 1:13,923,113 at +56° latitude. Contours were created from the DEM at a 1-kilometer interval. Contours for features with a diameter of 3 km or less (features too small for this map scale) were removed. The contours were then simplified by removing points along the contours spaced less than 1 km apart. NOMENCLATURE Names on this sheet are approved by the IAU and have been applied for features clearly visible at the scale of this map. For a complete list of the IAU-approved nomenclature for Mars, see the Gazetteer of Planetary Nomenclature at http://planetarynames.wr.usgs.gov/. Font color was chosen for readability. Names followed by an asterisk are provisionally approved. M 25M RKN: Abbreviation for Mars, 1:25,000,000 series, shaded relief (R), with color (K) and nomenclature (N) (Greeley and Batson, 1990).

Occurrence of antibiotics in water from 13 fish hatcheries, 2001-2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Dietze, J.E.; Scribner, E.A.; Meyer, M.T.; Kolpin, D.W.

2005-01-01

A 2-year study of extensive and intensive fish hatcheries was conducted to assess the general temporal occurrence of antibiotics in aquaculture. Antibiotics were detected in 15% of the water samples collected during the 2001-2002 collection period and in 31% of the samples during the 2003 collection period. Antibiotics were detected more frequently in samples from the intensive hatcheries (17 and 39%) than in samples from the extensive hatcheries (14 and 4%) during the 2001-2002 and 2003 collection periods, respectively. The maximum ormetoprim, oxytetracycline, and sulphadimethoxine concentrations were higher in samples from the intensive hatcheries (12, 10, and 36 µg L-1), respectively, than in samples from the extensive hatcheries (<0.05, 0.31, and 1.2 µg L-1), respectively. Sulphadimethoxine persisted for a longer period of time (up to 48 days) than ormetoprim (up to 28 days) and oxytetracycline (less than 20 days).

Benchmarking Quality in Online Degree Programs Status and Prospects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mariasingam, Michael A.; Hanna, Donald E.

2006-01-01

The number of online degree programs offered by universities, both within the United States and in other countries around the globe, has expanded remarkably from the year 2000 to 2005. Recent research [Pond (2002), Twigg, (2001), Swail and Kampits (2001), Nielson (1997)] indicates that this rapid expansion has superceded the understanding of how…

Key Issue: Recruiting Teachers for Urban and Rural Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayes, Kathleen

2009-01-01

Teacher shortages are essentially a problem of distribution (Darling-Hammond, 2001; Ingersoll, 2001; National Association of State Boards of Education, 1998; Olson, 2000; Reeves, 2003; Voke, 2002). According to recent studies, hardest to find are teachers who are both qualified and willing to teach in hard-to-staff schools, which included those in…

ARL Annual Salary Survey, 2001-02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kyrillidou, Martha, Comp.; Young, Mark, Comp.

This document reports the 2001-2002 salary data for all professional staff working in ARL (Association of Research Libraries) libraries. Data for 9,198 professional staff members were reported for the 1,130 ARL university libraries, including their law and medical libraries (859 staff members reported by 69 medical libraries and 724 staff members…

Effect of harvest dates on yield and nutritive value of eastern gamgrass

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Yield of 'Pete' eastern gamagrass [Tripsacum dactyloides (L.) L.] was evaluated for 3 yr. Forage samples were harvested at 7-d intervals beginning on May 15 and ending on July 17, during 2000, 2001, and 2002. Samples from 2000 and 2001 were analyzed to determine nutrient composition. Canopy height i...

Intelligence: An Analysis of the American Experience from the Perspective of Critical Theory

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eris, Bahar

2008-01-01

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in the topic of "highly intelligent" children in Turkey (Baltas, 2006; Bozdag, 2001; Bumen, 2002; Demirel, Erdem & Basbay, 2006; Goleman, 2007; Kocer, 2005; Kulaksizoglu, Bilgili & Sirin, 2004; Onay, 2006; Saban, 2005; Yavuz, 2001; Zohar & Marshall, 2004). However, the…

Classroom Notes Plus: A Quarterly of Teaching Ideas, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Classroom Notes Plus, 2002

2002-01-01

This 19th issue of "Notes Plus" contains descriptions of original, unpublished teaching practices, and of adapted ideas. Under the Ideas from the Classroom section, the August 2001 issue contains the following materials: "Imitation: The Sincerest Form of Flattery" (Anna M. Parks); "Stories That Make Us Who We Are"…

Toward a Theoretical Model of Women's Body Image Resilience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Choate, Laura Hensley

2005-01-01

This article discusses women's body image resilience. Body image dissatisfaction is prevalent among girls and women. Girls as young as 6 years old experience negative body image, and there is evidence that women struggle with body concerns throughout the life cycle (Lewis & Cachelin, 2001; Smolak, 2002; Striegel-Moore & Franko, 2002). In fact,…

Family Child Care Licensing Study, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Children's Foundation, Washington, DC.

This report presents the findings of the 2002 national survey of state child care regulatory agencies to update and expand family child care regulatory information published in the 2001 study. Data on small family child care homes and group or large family child care homes are organized into the following 23 categories: (1) number of regulated…

Incorporating the Hybrid Learning Model into Minority Education at a Historically Black University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buzzetto-More, Nicole A.; Sweat-Guy, Retta

2006-01-01

Proponents of hybrid learning proclaim it to be an effective and efficient way of expanding course content that supports in-depth delivery and analysis of knowledge (Young, 2002) and increases students satisfaction (Campos & Harasim, 1999; Dziuban & Moskal, 2001; Rivera, McAlister, & Rice, 2002; Wu & Hiltz, 2004). In the years to…

National Center for the Dissemination of Disability Research Survey Report, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, TX. National Center for the Dissemination of Disability Research.

This report focuses on three major areas of disability research information. Part 1 discusses findings from a series of online focus groups conducted from July 2001 through June 2002 that explored types of additional disability-related research information consumers would like to see. Of the total responses received, persons with a disability…

Upthrust or Air Resistance--Where Are the Particles?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parry, Malcolm

2005-01-01

Two or three years ago, there was an exchange of several articles in "Primary Science Review" about the question: "What is the best way of naming the forces acting on a descending parachute?" (Harrison, 2001; Harlen, 2002; Sell, 2002). Stuart Harrison reported that, according to the Qualifications and Curriculum Authority (QCA), a third of…

Uncertainty analysis in ecological studies: an overview

Treesearch

Harbin Li; Jianguo Wu

2006-01-01

Large-scale simulation models are essential tools for scientific research and environmental decision-making because they can be used to synthesize knowledge, predict consequences of potential scenarios, and develop optimal solutions (Clark et al. 2001, Berk et al. 2002, Katz 2002). Modeling is often the only means of addressing complex environmental problems that occur...

Bathythermal habitat use by strains of Great Lakes- and Finger Lakes-origin lake trout in Lake Huron after a change in prey fish abundance and composition

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bergstedt, Roger A.; Argyle, Ray L.; Krueger, Charles C.; Taylor, William W.

2012-01-01

A study conducted in Lake Huron during October 1998–June 2001 found that strains of Great Lakes-origin (GLO) lake trout Salvelinus namaycush occupied significantly higher temperatures than did Finger Lakes-origin (FLO; New York) lake trout based on data from archival (or data storage) telemetry tags that recorded only temperature. During 2002 and 2003, we implanted archival tags that recorded depth as well as temperature in GLO and FLO lake trout in Lake Huron. Data subsequently recorded by those tags spanned 2002–2005. Based on those data, we examined whether temperatures and depths occupied by GLO and FLO lake trout differed during 2002–2005. Temperatures occupied during those years were also compared with occupied temperatures reported for 1998–2001, before a substantial decline in prey fish biomass. Temperatures occupied by GLO lake trout were again significantly higher than those occupied by FLO lake trout. This result supports the conclusion of the previous study. The GLO lake trout also occupied significantly shallower depths than FLO lake trout. In 2002–2005, both GLO and FLO lake trout occupied significantly lower temperatures than they did in 1998–2001. Aside from the sharp decline in prey fish biomass between study periods, the formerly abundant pelagic alewife Alosa pseudoharengus virtually disappeared and the demersal round goby Neogobius melanostomus invaded the lake and became locally abundant. The lower temperatures occupied by lake trout in Lake Huron during 2002–2005 may be attributable to changes in the composition of the prey fish community, food scarcity (i.e., a retreat to cooler water could increase conversion efficiency), or both.

Findings in 2002 from a help wanted index of job advertisements: is the job-market shortage of diagnostic radiologists easing?

PubMed

Saketkhoo, Daniel D; Sunshine, Jonathan H; Covey, Anne M; Forman, Howard P

2003-08-01

The goal of this study is to present the most recent data on the diagnostic radiology job market in the United States using a help wanted index of job advertisements. All diagnostic radiology positions advertised in the American Journal of Roentgenology and Radiology from January through December 2002 were coded by practice type, geographic location, and subspecialty. Data were compared with the previously published results from 1991 through 2001. From January through December 2002, 5117 positions were advertised for diagnostic radiologists, representing a 10.4% decrease from 2001. The 12-month rolling average of job advertisements peaked at 488 in February 2002 and dropped to 432 by December 2002, a level not seen since August 2000. In 2002, 42.7% of positions advertised were academic, representing a steady increase from 34.0% in 1999. When comparing the 4-year periods 1999-2002 and 1995-1998, a statistically significant proportional increase was found for positions advertised in the Midwest. Statistically significant relative increases were also observed for the subspecialties of abdominal radiology, mammography, neuroradiology, pediatric radiology, chest radiology, and nuclear medicine. Statistically significant relative decreases were seen in general and vascular and interventional positions. The absolute demand for diagnostic radiologists nationwide appears to have stabilized during 2002, albeit at a level much higher than in previous years, and may be decreasing. A split seems to have appeared in the market between academia and private practice. Current policy should be directed toward increasing the supply of diagnostic radiologists, especially academicians.

Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE) Technology Initiatives (NTIP). Delivery Order 0039: Statistical Comparison of Competing Material Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

adapted from Kass and Rafferty (1995) and Congdon (2001). Page 10 of 57 density adjusted for resin content, z, since resin contributes to the density...c.f.: Congdon , 2001). How to Download the WinBUGS Software Package BUGS was originally a statistical research project at the Medical Research...Likelihood Estimation,” July 2002, working paper to be published. 18) Congdon , Peter, Bayesian Statistical Modeling, Wiley, 2001 19) Cox, D. R. and

Evidence for the presence of bluetongue virus in Kosovo between 2001 and 2004.

PubMed

Osmani, A; Murati, B; Kabashi, Q; Goga, I; Berisha, B; Wilsmore, A J; Hamblin, C

2006-03-25

In 2001, clinical cases of bluetongue were observed in Kosovo, and in that year and in 2003 and 2004, serum samples were collected from cattle and small ruminants and tested for antibodies to bluetongue virus. The results provide evidence that bluetongue virus was not present in Kosovo before the summer of 2001, but that the virus circulated subclinically among the cattle and sheep populations of Kosovo in 2002, 2003 and 2004.

Financial Management: Naval Ammunition Logistics Center Financial Reporting of Ammunition and Other Ordnance Assets in Operating Materials and Supplies for FY 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-10-30

2002 Report Type N/A Dates Covered (from... to) - Title and Subtitle Financial Management: Naval Ammunition Logistics Center Financial Reporting of...October 30, 2002 Project No. D2001FJ –0179.001 Naval Ammunition Logistics Center Financial Reporting of Ammunition and Other Ordnance Assets in...it provides information concerning the financial reporting of ammunition and ordnance assets. Background. The audit was performed in support of

Toppling the Taliban: Air-Ground Operations in Afghanistan, October 2001-June 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

features a UAS that flies at altitudes over 60,000 feet above inclement weather and prevailing winds . The Global Hawk can accurately survey vast... Slipped Away,” Newsweek, August 19, 2002; Michael O’Hanlon, “Did Military Misstep Let bin Laden Escape?” Baltimore Sun, April 28, 2002; Philip...at Parachinar, a sliver of Pakistani territory that juts into Afghanistan.38 Al Qaeda fighters could also have used smuggling routes that wind over

Characterising reef fish populations and habitats within and outside the US Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument: A lesson in marine protected area design

USGS Publications Warehouse

Monaco, Mark E.; Friedlander, A.M.; Caldow, Chris; Christensen, J.D.; Rogers, C.; Beets, J.; Miller, J.; Boulon, Rafe

2007-01-01

Marine protected areas are an important tool for management of marine ecosystems. Despite their utility, ecological design criteria are often not considered or feasible to implement when establishing protected areas. In 2001, the Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument (VICRNM) in St John, US Virgin Islands was established by Executive Order. The VICRNM prohibits almost all extractive uses. Surveys of habitat and fishes inside and outside of the VICRNM were conducted in 2002-2004. Areas outside the VICRNM had significantly more hard corals, greater habitat complexity, and greater richness, abundance and biomass of reef fishes than areas within the VICRNM. The administrative process used to delineate the boundaries of the VICRNM did not include a robust ecological characterisation of the area. Because of reduced habitat complexity within the VICRNM, the enhancement of the marine ecosystem may not be fully realised or increases in economically important reef fishes may take longer to detect. ?? 2007 The Authors. Journal compilation ?? 2007 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Survival Estimates for the Passage of Spring-Migrating Juvenile Salmonids through Snake and Columbia River Dams and Reservoirs, 2003-2004 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, Steven G.; Muir, William D.; Zabel, Richard W.

2004-01-01

For juvenile chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha, sockeye salmon O. nerka, and steelhead O. mykiss that migrate through reservoirs, hydroelectric projects, and free-flowing sections of the Snake and Columbia Rivers, survival estimates are essential to develop effective strategies for recovering depressed stocks. Many management strategies were based on estimates of system survival (Raymond 1979; Sims and Ossiander 1981) derived in a river system considerably different from today's (Williams and Matthews 1995; Williams et al. 2001). Knowledge of the magnitude, locations, and causes of smolt mortality under present passage conditions, and under conditions projected for the future, are necessary to develop strategiesmore » that will optimize smolt survival during migration. From 1993 through 2002, the National Marine Fisheries Service (NMFS) and the University of Washington (UW) demonstrated the feasibility of using three statistical models to estimate survival of PIT-tagged (Prentice et al. 1990a) juvenile salmonids passing through Snake River dams and reservoirs (Iwamoto et al. 1994; Muir et al. 1995, 1996, 2001a, 2003; Smith et al. 1998, 2000a,b; Hockersmith et al. 1999; Zabel et al. 2001, 2002). Evaluation of assumptions for these models indicated that all were generally satisfied, and accurate and precise survival estimates were obtained. In 2003, NMFS and UW completed the eleventh year of the study. Flow levels during the early portion of the 2003 spring migration were similar to 2002, and only slightly higher than in the drought conditions during 2001. However, flow levels were much greater during the later part of the migration in 2003. Spill levels were similar to 2002, much higher than in 2001. Research objectives were to: (1) estimate reach survival and travel time in the Snake and Columbia Rivers throughout the yearling chinook salmon and steelhead migrations; (2) evaluate relationships between survival estimates and migration conditions; and (3) evaluate the performance of the survival-estimation models under prevailing operational and environmental conditions. Additionally, as adult return information becomes available, as part of this study we will evaluate relationships between juvenile survival and subsequent adult returns for fish with different juvenile migration histories.« less

International GPS Service 2001 - 2002 Technical Reports

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gowey, Ken (Editor); Neilan, Ruth (Editor); Moore, Angelyn (Editor)

2004-01-01

Applications of the Global Positioning System (GPS) to Earth Science are numerous. The International GPS Service (IGS), a federation of government agencies and universities, plays an increasingly critical role in support of GPS-related research and engineering activities. Contributions from the IGS Governing Board and Central Bureau, analysis and data centers, station operators, and others constitute the 2001 / 2002 Technical Reports. Hard copies of each volume can be obtained by contacting the IGS Central Bureau at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This report is published in black and white. To view graphs or plots that use color to represent data trends or information, please refer to the online PDF version at http://igscb.jpl.nasa.gov/overview/pubs.html.

Flow Velocity, Water Temperature, and Conductivity in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, Florida: August 2001-June 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Riscassi, Ami L.; Schaffranek, Raymond W.

2003-01-01

The data-collection effort described in this report is in support of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Place-Based Studies project investigating 'Forcing Effects on Flow Structure in Vegetated Wetlands of the Everglades.' Data collected at four locations in Shark River Slough, Everglades National Park, during the 2001-2002 wet season are documented in the report and methods used to process the data are described. Daily mean flow velocities, water temperatures, and specific conductance values are presented in the appendices of the report. The quality-checked and edited data have been compiled and stored on the USGS South Florida Information Access (SOFIA) website http://sofia.usgs.gov.

Heavy Ion Flux Comparison of MARIE and ACE/CRIS Instruments

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, K. T.; Andersen, V.; Atwell, W.; Cleghorn, T.; Cucinotta, F.; Pinsky, L.; Saganti, P.; Turner, R.; Zeitlin, C.

2003-01-01

The charged particle spectrum for nuclei from protons to neon, (charge Z=10) has been observed during the cruise phase and in orbit around Mars by the MARIE charge particle spectrometer aboard the Odyssey spacecraft. The cruise data was taken between April 23, 2001 and August 11, 2001. The Mars orbit data was taken from March 5, 2002 through December 2002. Both the cruise data set and the orbital data set are compared with the simultaneous observations made by the CRIS instrument aboard the ACE space-craft, located at L1. Any detectable differences between the two spacecraft data sets could lead to the understanding of the radial dependence of solar modulation.

Steelhead Supplementation in Idaho Rivers : 2001 Project Progress Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byrne, Alan

In 2001, Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) continued an assessment of the Sawtooth Hatchery steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss stock to reestablish natural populations in Beaver and Frenchman creeks in the upper Salmon River. Crews stocked both streams with 20 pair of hatchery adults, and I estimated the potential smolt production from the 2000 adult outplants. n the Red River drainage, IDFG stocked Dworshak hatchery stock fingerlings and smolts from 1993 to 1999 to assess which life stage produces more progeny when the adults return to spawn. In 2001, IDFG operated the Red River weir to trap adults that returnedmore » from these stockings, but none were caught from either group. Wild steelhead populations in the Lochsa and Selway river drainages were assessed and the chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tshawytscha escapement was enumerated in Fish Creek. I estimated that 75 wild adult steelhead and 122 adult chinook salmon returned to Fish Creek in 2001. I estimated that slightly more than 30,000 juvenile steelhead migrated out of Fish Creek. This is the largest number of steelhead to migrate out of Fish Creek in a single year since I began estimating the yearly migration in 1994. Juvenile steelhead densities in Lochsa and Selway tributaries were somewhat higher in 2001 than those observed in 2000. Crews from IDFG collected over 4,800 fin samples from wild steelhead in 74 streams of the Clearwater, Snake, and Salmon river drainages and from five hatchery stocks during the summer of 2000 for a DNA analysis to assess Idaho's steelhead stock structure. The DNA analysis was subcontracted to Dr. Jennifer Nielsen, Alaska Biological Science Center, Anchorage. Her lab developed protocols to use for the analysis in 2001 and is continuing to analyze the samples. Dr. Nielsen plans to have the complete set of wild and hatchery stocks analyzed in 2002.« less

Telithromycin. Aventis Pharma.

PubMed

Johnson, A P

2001-12-01

The ketolide telithromycin (HMR-3647; Ketek), a derivative of clarithromycin, has been launched by Aventis Pharma (formerly Hoechst Marion Roussel) for the treatment of respiratory tract infections with gram-positive or gram-negative cocci, Haemophilus influenzae, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Moraxella catarrhalis, intracellular pathogens, atypical microorganisms, toxoplasma or anaerobic bacteria. By May 2001, filings in the US and EU had been completed and a filing in Japan was expected to take place in the fourth quarter of 2001. In July 2001, telithromycin was granted marketing authorization by the EC for the treatment of community-acquired respiratory tract infections, including those caused by bacteria resistant to commonly used antibiotics. In October 2001, the product was launched in Germany. In March 2000, telithromycin was submitted to the US FDA and the EMEA, under the EU centralized approval procedure, for approval for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP), acute sinusitis, acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and tonsillitis/pharyngitis. The company had expected to launch the product in early 2001. The CPMP issued a positive opinion for all four indications on April 23 2001. In September 2001, the company indicated that it expected the product to be launched in Japan in 2002. The FDA's Anti-infectives Advisory Committee was due to review telithromycin for all the submitted indications on January 29 2001; however, this was postponed. This postponement was thought to be at Aventis' request in order to discuss the potential for a resistant pneumococcal infection labeling which would boost product sales. The revised date for the meeting was April 26 2001, at which the Anti-Infective Drugs Advisory Committee of the FDA recommended approval of telithromycin for the treatment of CAP in patients 18 years of age or older. The committee failed to recommend approval for the use of the drug for the remaining three indications for which it was filed, citing concerns over potential cardiovascular risk and liver toxicity; at this time, the company was in active discussions with the FDA regarding approval of the remaining three indications. An approvable letter for CAP, acute bacterial exacerbations of chronic bronchitis and acute bacterial sinusitis was received by the company in June 2001; Aventis also received a non-approvable letter for the treatment of tonsillitis/pharyngitis at this time. In April 1999, ABN Amro predicted annual sales of DM 50 million in 2001, rising to DM 100 million in 2002. In February 1999, Lehman Brothers estimated a 70% probability that this ketolide would come to market. The analysts also estimated a launch date of 2001, with peak sales of US $700 million in 2009. Analysts Merrill Lynch predicted in September 200, that the product would be launched by 2001, with sales of euro 50 million in that year, rising to euro 284 million in 2004. Deutsche Bank predicted in August 2001, that sales of the product would reach euro 5 million in 2001, rising to euro 300 million in 2005. Analysts at Merrill Lynch predicted in November 2001, that the product would be resubmitted in the US in mid-2002, and would make sales of US $5 million in 2001, rising to US $250 million in 2004.

Effects of Energy Needs and Expenditures on U.S. Public Schools. Statistical Analysis Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Timothy; Porch, Rebecca; Farris, Elizabeth; Fowler, William

This report provides national estimates on energy needs and expenditures of U.S. public school districts. The survey provides estimates of Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 energy expenditures, FY 2001 energy budgets and expenditures, and FY 2002 energy budgets; methods used to cover energy budget shortfalls in FY 2001; and possible reasons for those…

Student Dropout Rates in Catalan Universities: Profile and Motives for Disengagement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gairín, Joaquín; Triado, Xavier M.; Feixas, Mònica; Figuera, Pilar; Aparicio-Chueca, Pilar; Torrado, Mercedes

2014-01-01

Data from over 21,600 students who left Catalan higher education institutions during the academic years 2000-2001 and 2001-2002 have been analysed in order to describe the academic and personal profiles of university dropouts. Additionally, a telephone survey and face-to-face interviews with a pilot group of leavers were conducted to gather…

Teen Birth Rate. Facts at a Glance, 2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Papillo, Angela Romano, Comp.; Franzetta, Kerry, Comp.; Manlove, Jennifer, Comp.; Moore, Kristin Anderson, Comp.; Terry-Humen, Elizabeth, Comp.; Ryan, Suzanne, Comp.

This publication reports trends in teen childbearing in the nation, in each state, and in large cities using data from the 2001 National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). Rates of teenage childbearing continue to steadily decline, and the 2001 rates are historic lows for each age group. NCHS data showed that almost 80% of teen births nationwide…

19th Century Canals and the Growth of New York and New Jersey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singer, Alan, Ed.

2002-01-01

This publication opens with a statement by the 2001-2002 National Council for the Social Studies (NCSS) President Adrian Davis on the horrific events of September 11, 2001. Davis said that social studies educators need to reinforce the ideals of tolerance, equity, and social justice against a backlash of antidemocratic sentiments and hostile…

Financial Report of the Ontario Universities, 2001-02. Volume I: Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Ontario Universities, Toronto.

This report contains detailed financial information that provides financial accountability to the Province of Ontario, Canada, for funds received by the 42 provincially assisted universities and colleges during the 2001-2002 fiscal year. It is the latest in an annual series that dates back more than 25 years. This volume contains information on…

"The Second We Stop Growing We Are Dead": Examining a Middle Grades Social Studies Professional Dyad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gradwell, Jill M.; DiCamillo, Lorrei

2013-01-01

Teacher collaboration is an important part of professional growth (Coburn, 2001; DuFour, 2004b; Grossman, Wineburg, & Woolworth, 2001; Little, 2002) and has been found to be a key element in highly successful schools (McEwin & Greene, 2010). Additionally, the Association for Middle Level Education (AMLE), formerly National Middle School…

The Relationship between Spatial Visualization Ability and Students' Ability to Model 3D Objects from Engineering Assembly Drawings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Branoff, T. J.; Dobelis, M.

2012-01-01

Spatial abilities have been used as a predictor of success in several engineering and technology disciplines (Strong & Smith, 2001). In engineering graphics courses, scores on spatial tests have also been used to predict success (Adanez & Velasco, 2002; Leopold, Gorska, & Sorby, 2001). Other studies have shown that some type of…

Student Support Funding for Higher Education Institutions, 2001-02. Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higher Education Funding Council for England, Bristol.

This publication provides information about the allocation of funds for student support to higher education institutions in England in 2001-2002 and requests monitoring information on the use of these funds. Student support funds include a variety of services to students, including fee waivers, help with living costs in some cases, and child care…

Teaching All of God's Children: Attitudes of Catholic School Principals towards Children with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Huppe, Maureen A.

2010-01-01

Nationally, a significant number of children with disabilities attend Catholic schools across the country. The National Center for Educational Statistics shows that during the 2001-2002 school year, 2.2% of students attending parochial, private and diocesan schools were placed into special education programs (U.S., 2001). Although Catholic schools…

Planning Information, University of Hawaii Community Colleges, 1992-93 to 2001-02.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawaii Univ., Honolulu. Institutional Research Office.

This planning information for the University of Hawaii Community Colleges for 1992-1993 through 2001-2002 consists of a series of tables that provide relevant information about the system and its seven campuses. For the overall system the following information is provided for general education and vocational education courses for the years 1992-93…

Statistical Significance, Effect Size Reporting, and Confidence Intervals: Best Reporting Strategies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capraro, Robert M.

2004-01-01

With great interest the author read the May 2002 editorial in the "Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME)" (King, 2002) regarding changes to the 5th edition of the "Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association" (APA, 2001). Of special note to him, and of great import to the field of mathematics education research, are…

Bulletin suisse de linguistique appliquee, 2002 (Swiss Bulletin for Applied Linguistics, 2002).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adamzik, Kirsten, Ed; Roos, Eva, Ed.

2002-01-01

This special issue, written in German and French, is a collection of articles that were presented to the Swiss Association for Applied Linguistics during 2001 and which can be categorized as "linguistic biographies" organized under the auspices and support of the Forum du bilingualisme (Forum of Bilingualism) in Bienne (Biel) and the…

North Dakota's forest resources in 2002.

Treesearch

David Haugen; Gary Brand; Travis Rymal; Michael Kangas

2004-01-01

Results of the combined 2001 and 2002 annual forest inventories of North Dakota show over 824 thousand acres of forest land. There are an estimated 744 million cubic feet of all live tree volume, or approximately 902 cubic feet per acre of forest land. Timberland totals 696 million acres with an estimated 409 million cubic feet of growing-stock volume, or...

Self-Actualization and E-Learning: A Qualitative Investigation of University Faculty's Perceived Barriers to Effective Online Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oomen-Early, Jody; Murphy, Lynda

2009-01-01

Much has been written about why university faculty choose to refrain or participate in online instruction (Beaudoin, 1990; Bower, 2001; Clark, 1993; Dillon & Walsh, 1992; McKenzie, 2000; McKinnon, 1998; Paulson, 2002; Rockwell, Scheuer, Fritz, & Marx, 1999; Schifter, 2002; Wilson, 1998). Missing from the empirical knowledge base, however, are…

Multivariate Analysis of Student Loan Defaulters at Prairie View A&M University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barone, Sandra

2006-01-01

This study examines the default behavior of 3,325 undergraduate student borrowers who attended Prairie View A&M University (PVAMU) and entered repayment on their TG-guaranteed Federal Family Education Loan Program (FFELP) loans between October 1, 2000 and September 30, 2002 (fiscal years 2001-2002). Using the Department of Education's official…

Protect and Restore Mill Creek Watershed; Annual Report 2002-2003.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McRoberts, Heidi

2004-01-01

The Nez Perce Tribe Department of Fisheries Resource Management, Watershed Division approaches watershed restoration with a ridge-top to ridge-top approach. Watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed are coordinated with the Nez Perce National Forest. The Nez Perce Tribe began watershed restoration projects within the Mill Creek watershed of the South Fork Clearwater River in 2000. Progress has been made in restoring the watershed through excluding cattle from critical riparian areas through fencing. During the FY 2002, trees were planted in riparian areas in the meadow of the upper watershed. In addition, a complete inventory of culverts at road-streammore » crossings was completed. Culverts have been prioritized for replacement to accommodate fish passage throughout the watershed. Maintenance to the previously built fence was also completed.« less

SAGE II Ozone Analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cunnold, Derek; Wang, Ray

2002-01-01

Publications from 1999-2002 describing research funded by the SAGE II contract to Dr. Cunnold and Dr. Wang are listed below. Our most recent accomplishments include a detailed analysis of the quality of SAGE II, v6.1, ozone measurements below 20 km altitude (Wang et al., 2002 and Kar et al., 2002) and an analysis of the consistency between SAGE upper stratospheric ozone trends and model predictions with emphasis on hemispheric asymmetry (Li et al., 2001). Abstracts of the 11 papers are attached.

[Applicability of agricultural production systems simulator (APSIM) in simulating the production and water use of wheat-maize continuous cropping system in North China Plain].

PubMed

Wang, Lin; Zheng, You-fei; Yu, Qiang; Wang, En-li

2007-11-01

The Agricultural Production Systems Simulator (APSIM) was applied to simulate the 1999-2001 field experimental data and the 2002-2003 water use data at the Yucheng Experiment Station under Chinese Ecosystem Research Network, aimed to verify the applicability of the model to the wheat-summer maize continuous cropping system in North China Plain. The results showed that the average errors of the simulations of leaf area index (LAI), biomass, and soil moisture content in 1999-2000 and 2000-2001 field experiments were 27.61%, 24.59% and 7.68%, and 32.65%, 35.95% and 10.26%, respectively, and those of LAI and biomass on the soils with high and low moisture content in 2002-2003 were 26.65% and 14.52%, and 23.91% and 27.93%, respectively. The simulations of LAI and biomass accorded well with the measured values, with the coefficients of determination being > 0.85 in 1999-2000 and 2002-2003, and 0.78 in 2000-2001, indicating that APSIM had a good applicability in modeling the crop biomass and soil moisture content in the continuous cropping system, but the simulation error of LAI was a little larger.

Reassortment and evolution of current human influenza A and B viruses.

PubMed

Xu, Xiyan; Lindstrom, Stephen E; Shaw, Michael W; Smith, Catherine B; Hall, Henrietta E; Mungall, Bruce A; Subbarao, Kanta; Cox, Nancy J; Klimov, Alexander

2004-07-01

During the 2001-2002 influenza season, human influenza A (H1N2) reassortant viruses were detected globally. The hemagglutinin (HA) of these H1N2 viruses was similar to that of the A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) vaccine strain both antigenically and genetically, while their neuraminidase (NA) was antigenically and genetically related to that of recent human influenza H3N2 reference viruses such as A/Moscow/10/99. All six internal genes of the H1N2 reassortants originated from an H3N2 virus. After being detected only in eastern Asia during the past 10 years, Influenza B/Victoria/2/87 lineage viruses reappeared in many countries outside of Asia in 2001. Additionally, reassortant influenza B viruses possessing an HA similar to that of B/Shandong/7/97, a recent B/Victoria/2/87 lineage reference strain, and an NA closely related to that of B/Sichuan/379/99, a recent B/Yamagata/16/88 lineage reference strain, were isolated globally and became the predominant influenza B epidemic strain. The current influenza vaccine is expected to provide good protection against H1N2 viruses because it contains A/New Caledonia/20/99 (H1N1) and A/Panama/2007/99 (H3N2) like viruses whose H1 HA or N2 NA are antigenically similar to those of recent circulating H1N2 viruses. On the other hand, widespread circulation of influenza B Victoria lineage viruses required inclusion of a strain from this lineage in influenza vaccines for the 2002-2003 season.

Quality Control in Primary Schools: Progress from 2001-2006

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hofman, Roelande H.; de Boom, Jan; Hofman, W. H. Adriaan

2010-01-01

This article presents findings of research into the quality control (QC) of schools from 2001-2006. In 2001 several targets for QC were set and the progress of 939 primary schools is presented. Furthermore, using cluster analysis, schools are classified into four QC-types that differ in their focus on school (self) evaluation and school…

State infant mortality: an ecologic study to determine modifiable risks and adjusted infant mortality rates.

PubMed

Paul, David A; Mackley, Amy; Locke, Robert G; Stefano, John L; Kroelinger, Charlan

2009-05-01

To determine factors contributing to state infant mortality rates (IMR) and develop an adjusted IMR in the United States for 2001 and 2002. Ecologic study of factors contributing to state IMR. State IMR for 2001 and 2002 were obtained from the United States linked death and birth certificate data from the National Center for Health Statistics. Factors investigated using multivariable linear regression included state racial demographics, ethnicity, state population, median income, education, teen birth rate, proportion of obesity, smoking during pregnancy, diabetes, hypertension, cesarean delivery, prenatal care, health insurance, self-report of mental illness, and number of in-vitro fertilization procedures. Final risk adjusted IMR's were standardized and states were compared with the United States adjusted rates. Models for IMR in individual states in 2001 (r2 = 0.66, P < 0.01) and 2002 (r2 = 0.81, P < 0.01) were tested. African-American race, teen birth rate, and smoking during pregnancy remained independently associated with state infant mortality rates for 2001 and 2002. Ninety five percent confidence intervals (CI) were calculated around the regression lines to model the expected IMR. After adjustment, some states maintained a consistent IMR; for instance, Vermont and New Hampshire remained low, while Delaware and Louisiana remained high. However, other states such as Mississippi, which have traditionally high infant mortality rates, remained within the expected 95% CI for IMR after adjustment indicating confounding affected the initial unadjusted rates. Non-modifiable demographic variables, including the percentage of non-Hispanic African-American and Hispanic populations of the state are major factors contributing to individual variation in state IMR. Race and ethnicity may confound or modify the IMR in states that shifted inside or outside the 95% CI following adjustment. Other factors including smoking during pregnancy and teen birth rate, which are potentially modifiable, significantly contributed to differences in state IMR. State risk adjusted IMR indicate that other factors impact infant mortality after adjustment by race/ethnicity and other risk factors.

Multi-OMICs and Genome Editing Perspectives on Liver Cancer Signaling Networks.

PubMed

Lin, Shengda; Yin, Yi A; Jiang, Xiaoqian; Sahni, Nidhi; Yi, Song

2016-01-01

The advent of the human genome sequence and the resulting ~20,000 genes provide a crucial framework for a transition from traditional biology to an integrative "OMICs" arena (Lander et al., 2001; Venter et al., 2001; Kitano, 2002). This brings in a revolution for cancer research, which now enters a big data era. In the past decade, with the facilitation by next-generation sequencing, there have been a huge number of large-scale sequencing efforts, such as The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA), the HapMap, and the 1000 genomes project. As a result, a deluge of genomic information becomes available from patients stricken by a variety of cancer types. The list of cancer-associated genes is ever expanding. New discoveries are made on how frequent and highly penetrant mutations, such as those in the telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) and TP53, function in cancer initiation, progression, and metastasis. Most genes with relatively frequent but weakly penetrant cancer mutations still remain to be characterized. In addition, genes that harbor rare but highly penetrant cancer-associated mutations continue to emerge. Here, we review recent advances related to cancer genomics, proteomics, and systems biology and suggest new perspectives in targeted therapy and precision medicine.

Public Health Preparedness Funding: Key Programs and Trends From 2001 to 2017.

PubMed

Watson, Crystal R; Watson, Matthew; Sell, Tara Kirk

2017-09-01

To evaluate trends in funding over the past 16 years for key federal public health preparedness and response programs at the US Department of Health and Human Services, to improve understanding of federal funding history in this area, and to provide context for future resource allocation decisions for public health preparedness. In this 2017 analysis, we examined the funding history of key federal programs critical to public health preparedness by reviewing program budget data collected for our annual examination of federal funding for biodefense and health security programs since fiscal year (FY) 2001. State and local preparedness at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initially received $940 million in FY2002 and resulted in significant preparedness gains, but funding levels have since decreased by 31%. Similarly, the Hospital Preparedness Program within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response was funded at a high of $515 million in FY2003, but funding was reduced by 50%. Investments in medical countermeasure development and stockpiling remained relatively stable. The United States has made significant progress in preparing for disasters and advancing public health infrastructure. To enable continued advancement, federal funding commitments must be sustained.

Public Health Preparedness Funding: Key Programs and Trends From 2001 to 2017

PubMed Central

Sell, Tara Kirk

2017-01-01

Objectives. To evaluate trends in funding over the past 16 years for key federal public health preparedness and response programs at the US Department of Health and Human Services, to improve understanding of federal funding history in this area, and to provide context for future resource allocation decisions for public health preparedness. Methods. In this 2017 analysis, we examined the funding history of key federal programs critical to public health preparedness by reviewing program budget data collected for our annual examination of federal funding for biodefense and health security programs since fiscal year (FY) 2001. Results. State and local preparedness at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention initially received $940 million in FY2002 and resulted in significant preparedness gains, but funding levels have since decreased by 31%. Similarly, the Hospital Preparedness Program within the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Preparedness and Response was funded at a high of $515 million in FY2003, but funding was reduced by 50%. Investments in medical countermeasure development and stockpiling remained relatively stable. Conclusions. The United States has made significant progress in preparing for disasters and advancing public health infrastructure. To enable continued advancement, federal funding commitments must be sustained. PMID:28892451

Does Donating Blood for the First Time During a National Emergency Create a Better Commitment to Donating Again?

PubMed Central

Tran, Sheri; Lewalski, Eva A.; Dwyre, Denis M.; Hagar, Yolanda; Beckett, Laurel; Janatpour, Kim A.; Holland, Paul V.

2009-01-01

Background and Objectives Emergency situations often elicit a generous response from the public. This occurred after attacks on the US on September 11, 2001 when many new blood donors lined up to donate. This study was performed to compare return rates for first time donors (FTD) after September 11th, 2001 to FTD during a comparable period in 2000. Materials and Methods 3315 allogeneic whole blood donations from FTD at a regional blood center were collected between September 11th and 30th, 2001. Subsequent donations by the FTD before March 31, 2002 were reviewed. This (test) group was compared to 1279 FTD(control group) donating during the same time period in September 2000 and to their return rate in the subsequent six months. Results Following September 11, 2001, 1087/3315 (32.8%) FTD returned by March 31, 2002. This return rate was similar to the control group (427/1279 (33.4%)). The deferral rate during the donor screening process for the control group was significantly higher than the deferral rate for the September 11–30, 2001 group (p < 0.01). The odds of an individual FTD returning increased with age, and the chance of a female donor returning was 1.13 times higher than a male (p = 0.06). There was a carryover effect after Sept. 11, 2001 too. Conclusion A national emergency, September 11, 2001, inspired people to donate blood for the first time. However, the proportion of return donations amongst them was not increased. Females and males in certain age groups were more likely to become repeat donors due to the residual effect of September 11, 2001. Additional efforts are needed to retain eligible FTD in donor pools. PMID:20002621

[Brazilian guidelines for marketing baby food: history, limitations and perspectives].

PubMed

Monteiro, Renata

2006-05-01

The objective of this paper is to present and discuss Brazilian policy concerning actions to protect breastfeeding, especially the history, international and national background, limitations, and perspectives of the Brazilian Guidelines for the Marketing of Baby Food, Pacifiers and Bottles. The Brazilian Guidelines, which play a crucial role in protecting breastfeeding against industry marketing strategies, were based on the International Code of Marketing of Breastmilk Substitutes, proposed by the World Health Organization in 1981. The first version of the Brazilian Guidelines was released in 1988, and there were subsequent revisions in 1992 and 2001/2002. In 2006, the Guidelines became national law. However, the strides made over this period in terms of regulation have been few because the law is not always observed. Thus, it is essential that all actors involved, including government officials, manufacturers and sellers of baby food and other baby products, teaching and health professionals and their associations, international bodies, and non-governmental organizations make a commitment to enforce the current law.

Depression in Sardinian immigrants in Argentina and residents in Sardinia at the time of the Argentinian default (2001) and the Great Recession in Italy (2015).

PubMed

Carta, Mauro Giovanni; Atzeni, Michela; D'Oca, Silvia; Perra, Alessandra; D'Aloja, Ernesto; Brasesco, Maria Veronica; Moro, Maria Francesca; Minerba, Luigi; Sancassiani, Federica; Moro, Daniela; Mausel, Gustavo; Bhugra, Dinesh

2017-02-08

The aim of this study is to measure in two samples of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires and representatives of the population in Sardinia the prevalence of depressive symptoms at the time of an economic crisis in Sardinia and to compare these results with those collected at the time of a similar crisis in Argentina more than 10 years before. Observational study. The associations of Sardinian immigrants in Buenos Aires provided the lists of families of Sardinian origin. A random sample of one fifth of registered families was selected. The sample of a study carried out in Sardinia was used as the control. The results were compared with those of the previous study performed in 2001-2002. The Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ9) was used for the screening of depression. The Sardinian immigrants show a lower rate of scoring positively on PHQ9 (i.e. less risk of being depressed) and reach statistical significance after standardization (8.7% vs. 13.1%, P = 0.046). Young women (≤40) are at higher risk. On the contrary, the risk of depression was higher in Sardinian immigrants in Argentina during the 2001-2002 crises. The study indicates a risk for depressive episodes linked to the fallout of the economic crisis (in Argentina in 2001-2002, in Sardinia in 2015) and specifically more in females than in males. Due to the associated socio-demographic risk factors, these results could be interpreted as due to an increase in non-bipolar depression.

The Effect of Natural Mulches on Crop Performance, Weed Suppression and Biochemical Constituents of Catnip and St. John’s Wort

PubMed Central

Duppong, L. M.; Delate, K.; Liebman, M.; Horton, R.; Romero, F.; Kraus, G.; Petrich, J.; Chowdbury, P. K.

2006-01-01

Because of expanding markets for high-value niche crops, opportunities have increased for the production of medicinal herbs in the USA. An experiment was conducted in 2001 and 2002 near Gilbert, IA, to study crop performance, weed suppression, and environmental conditions associated with the use of several organic mulches in the production of two herbs, catnip (Nepeta cataria L.) and St. John’s wort (Hypericum perforatum L. ‘Helos’). Treatments were arranged in a completely randomized design and included a positive (hand-weeded) control, a negative (nonweeded) control, oat straw, a flax straw mat, and a nonwoven wool mat. Catnip plant height was significantly greater in the oat straw than the other treatments at 4 wk through 6 wk in 2001; at 4 to 8 wk in 2002, catnip plant height and width was significantly lower in the negative control compared with the other treatments. Catnip yield was significantly higher in the flax straw mat than all other treatments in 2001. In 2002, St. John’s wort yields were not statistically different in any treatments. All weed management treatments had significantly fewer weeds than the non-weeded rows in 2002. Total weed density comparisons in each crop from 2 yr showed fewer weeds present in the flax straw and wool mat treatments compared with positive control plots. There was no significant weed management treatment effect on the concentration of the target compounds, nepetalactone in catnip and pseudohypericin–hypericin in St. John’s wort, although there was a trend toward higher concentrations in the flax straw treatment. PMID:17047728

Sex differences in adolescent exposure to alcohol advertising in magazines.

PubMed

Jernigan, David H; Ostroff, Joshua; Ross, Craig; O'Hara, James A

2004-07-01

To measure girls' and boys' exposure to alcohol advertising in magazines and to compare this exposure with that of legal-age persons. Alcohol advertisements (N = 6239) in 103 national magazines for which placement, audience, and cost data for 2001 and 2002 were available, categorized by year, beverage type, and brand. Placement and readership (age and sex) data generated estimates of media exposure for the age groups 12 to 20, 21 to 34, and 21 years and older. Gross rating points, an advertising industry standard measure of the level of media exposure of a given population, and gross rating point ratios comparing exposure of different demographic groups. Alcohol companies spent 590.4 million US dollars to place 471 beer and ale advertisements (8%), 4748 distilled spir-its advertisements (76%), 116 low-alcohol refresher advertisements (2%), and 904 advertisements for wine (14%) in magazines in 2001 and 2002. In 2002, underage youth saw 45% more beer and ale advertising, 12% more distilled spirits advertising, 65% more low-alcohol refresher advertising, and 69% less advertising for wine than persons 21 years and older. Girls aged 12 to 20 years were more likely to be exposed to beer, ale, and low-alcohol refresher advertising than women in the group aged 21 to 34 or women in the group aged 21 years and older. Girls' exposure to low-alcohol refresher advertising increased by 216% from 2001 to 2002, while boys' exposure increased 46%. Exposure of underage girls to alcohol advertising is substantial and increasing, pointing to the failure of industry self-regulation and the need for further action.

75 FR 44724 - Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Biennial Review and Republication of the Select...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-29

... Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002; Biennial Review and Republication of the Select Agent and Toxin List; Reorganization of the Select Agent and Toxin List AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA... Agricultural Bioterrorism Protection Act of 2002, we are soliciting public comment regarding the list of select...

Variation in phenotype for resistance to Phytophthora ramorum in a range of species and cultivars of the genus Viburnum

Treesearch

Niklaus J. Grunwald; E. Anne Davis; Robert G. Linderman

2006-01-01

Phytophthora ramorum is a recently introduced plant pathogen causing a range of diseases including sudden oak death, Ramorum shoot dieback and Ramorum blight (Rizzo and others 2002, 2004; Werres and others 2001). P. ramorum also attacks several nursery crops including viburnum and rhododendron (Werres and others 2001). Since its...

Propulsion and Power Rapid Response Research and Development (R&D) Support. Delivery Order 0010: Propulsion and Power Student and Faculty Research and Technical Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

using spray cooling in recent years (Chow et al. 1997, Mudawar , 2001, Rini et al. 2002, Lin and Ponnappan, 2003 & and references there in) and various...19. I. Mudawar (2001), Assessment of high heat-flux thermal management schemes, IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies, 24

Financial Report of Ontario Universities, 2001-02. Volume II: Affiliated and Federated Colleges and Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Ontario Universities, Toronto.

This report contains detailed financial information that provides financial accountability to the Province of Ontario, Canada, for funds received by the 42 provincially assisted universities and colleges during the 2001-2002 fiscal year. It is the latest in an annual series that dates back more than 25 years. This volume contains information on 21…

Part II: Multisystemic Therapy--Addressing Racial Disparity and Its Effectiveness with Families from Diverse Racial and Ethnic Backgrounds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Painter, Kirstin; Scannapieco, Maria

2009-01-01

Disparities in health and mental health care delivered to racial and ethnic minorities became a focus of national policy following reports of the Institute of Medicine (IOM, 2002) and the Surgeon General (USDHHS, 2001). The Surgeon General (USDHHS, 2001) reported racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in availability and quality of…

I Live In My Own Bubble: The Values Of Talented Adolescents

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Piirto, Jane

2005-01-01

Values are commonly thought to be important in the construction of personal and group morality, in personality, and as a basis for living life. The Rokeach Values Survey (RVS) was administered to gifted and talented adolescents in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002. Two groups were compared in this study: Group I, pre-September 11, 2001 (n = 191; M = 64,…

Learning to Communicate in a Globalized World: To What Extent Do School Textbooks Facilitate the Development of Intercultural Pragmatic Competence?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nguyen, Minh Thi Thuy

2011-01-01

Although a key component in English language teaching programs, English textbooks have been criticized for not offering classroom learners adequate opportunity for learning authentic language (Bardovi-Harlig, 2001; Grant and Starks, 2001; Wong, 2002; Vellenga, 2004). This is because instead of making use of language samples that native speakers…

Introduction and potential establishment of Aedes albopictus in California in 2001.

PubMed

Linthicum, Kenneth J; Kramer, Vicki L; Madon, Minoo B; Fujioka, Kenn

2003-12-01

Aedes albopictus was discovered in Los Angeles, California, in June 2001 in a maritime cargo container from China containing a shipment of a commercial plant product known as "Lucky Bamboo" (Dracaena spp.). To keep the plants alive during the ocean transit, they were shipped in 5-8 cm of water, providing an excellent habitat for Ae. albopictus. Mosquito infestations were subsequently detected at 15 nursery distributors of Dracaena in 2 northern and 4 southern California counties. The distribution of the Ae. albopictus infestations was limited to the vicinity of those nursery distributors with documented infestations. Infestations persisted for more than 5 months near some of the nurseries, and eggs were found in ovitraps until mid-November 2001 up to 1,000 m from the original infestation sites. Overwintering Ae. albopictus populations were discovered in April, July, and August 2002 at original infestation sites in Chino, San Bernardino County, and Monterey Park and Rowland Heights, Los Angeles County, respectively. Specimens were found at some sites of overwintering populations until October 2002.

Pleconaril Sanofi Synthélabo/ViroPharma.

PubMed

Billich, A

2000-11-01

Pleconaril is an oral antiviral agent being developed by ViroPharma and Sanofi-Synthélabo (formerly Sterling Winthrop) for the potential treatment of several picornavirus-induced infections, including respiratory diseases and viral meningitis. A number of phase III clinical trials have been completed, and several others are ongoing [319499], [343187], [346302], [359231]. In early 1999, an NDA filing for viral meningitis was expected by the end of 1999 [313588], [319499]. However, an NDA had not been filed by February 2000 and, at this time, filing in the US was expected in 2000 for viral meningitis and 2001 for viral respiratory syndrome, while in Europe filing was expected in 2001 and 2002 for these indications, respectively [359231]. In July 2000, Salomon Smith Barney predicted a launch date of 2002 [387350]. In October 1999, Lehman Brothers predicted a 70% chance of the product reaching the market, with a possible launch date anticipated for 2001 and potential peak sales of US$50 million in 2009 [346267].

Changes in cigarette use and nicotine dependence in the United States: evidence from the 2001-2002 wave of the national epidemiologic survey of alcoholism and related conditions.

PubMed

Goodwin, Renee D; Keyes, Katherine M; Hasin, Deborah S

2009-08-01

We examined the roles of gender and poverty in cigarette use and nicotine dependence among adults in the United States. Our data were drawn from the 2001-2002 National Epidemiological Survey of Alcoholism and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US adults 18 years and older. The overall rate of cigarette use declined between 1964 and 2002. Nicotine dependence does not appear to have declined overall, and there is evidence that nicotine dependence has increased among women in recent cohorts. The odds of nicotine dependence among cigarette users appear to have increased significantly in recent cohorts. Despite recent declines in cigarette use, the prevalence of nicotine dependence has increased among some groups and has remained steady overall, which may be hampering public health initiatives to reduce cigarette use. Efforts to study or curb cigarette use should therefore take nicotine dependence into account.

Year 6 Planning Exemplification, 2002-2003. The National Literacy Strategy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Department for Education and Skills, London (England).

This booklet contains examples of units of work for teaching children in Year 6 as part of the National Literacy Strategy. The seven units are drawn from all three terms in Year 6. Some of the units were written for the Year 6 Exemplification booklets in 2001-2002 and are reproduced in this publication with supplementary resources and/or guidance.…

Southern pulpwood production, 2002

Treesearch

Tony G. Johnson; Carolyn D. Steppleton

2004-01-01

In 2002, the South's production of pulpwood showed a slight increase: from 63.5 million cords in 2001 to 63.8 million cords. Roundwood production dropped to 42.1 million cords and accounted for 66 percent of the total pulpwood production. The use of wood residue increased 2 percent to 21.7 million cords. Alabama continued to lead the South in total production and...

Methodology and User Guide for the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Databases: CSFII 1994-1996 and 1998; NHANES 1999-2000; WWEIA, NHANES 2001-2002

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The purpose for developing the Food Intakes Converted to Retail Commodities Database (FICRCD) is to convert foods consumed in the national dietary surveys, 1994-2002, to respective amounts of retail-level food commodities. Food commodities are defined as those available for purchase in retail store...

Radio Daze: Alcohol Ads Tune in Underage Youth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2003

Through the years and every passing fad, radio has continued to be a basic fact of life for youth in the United States. The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth commissioned Virtual Media Resources (VMR) to audit alcohol radio advertising in 2001 and 2002 and to conduct a case study of alcohol radio advertising in December 2002 and January 2003…

75 FR 35616 - Airworthiness Directives; Air Tractor, Inc. Models AT-802 and AT-802A Airplanes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-23

... incorporation by reference of Snow Engineering Co. Process Specification 197, page 1, revised June 4, 2002; pages 2 through 4, dated February 23, 2001; and page 5, dated May 3, 2002; Snow Engineering Co. Process Specification 204, Rev. C, dated November 16, 2004; Snow Engineering Co. Service Letter 215, page 5, titled...

No "White" Child Left Behind: The Academic Achievement Gap between Black and White Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rowley, Rochelle L.; Wright, David W.

2011-01-01

Racial inequality in education is a serious problem in the United States. The latest government attempt to address this problem was the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 (NCLB). This study used the Educational Longitudinal Study of 2002 (ELS: 2002) to examine the relationship between race and composite reading and math scores among Black and White…

Research on Anoplophora glabripennis in the United States

Treesearch

Robert A. Haack

2003-01-01

In the mid-1990s it was estimated that more than 400 exotic (non-native) forest insects had already become established in the United States (HAACK and BYLER, 1993; MATTSON et al., 1994; NIEMELA and MATTSON, 1996). This number has continued to grow with new exotics discovered annually in the United States (HAACK, 2002; HAACK and POLAND, 2001; HAACK et al., 2002). One...

Welfare Research Perspectives: Past, Present, and Future. A View from the Research Forum on Children, Families, and the New Federalism. 2002 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blum, Barbara B.; Francis, Jennifer Farnsworth

This working paper is the fourth in a series examining what has been learned since the enactment of the Personal Responsibility and Work Opportunity Reconciliation Act (PRWORA) of 1996. Following an introduction describing the legislations initial impact, the paper details reauthorization-related activities during 2001 and 2002, and describes…

History Jobs Decline 15% after Years of Growth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Robin

2009-01-01

This article reports that a five-year stretch of steady growth in the job market for academic historians is over. The number of job advertisements colleges have posted with the American Historical Association so far this academic year is down 15 percent from last year--the first decline since a slump that occurred in 2001-2002 and 2002-2003. The…

[ICASE Semiannual Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bushnell, Dennis M. (Technical Monitor)

2002-01-01

This report summarizes research conducted at ICASE in applied mathematics, fluid mechanics, computer science, and structures and material sciences during the period October 1, 2001 through March 31, 2002.

The red tide event in El Salvador, August 2001-January 2002.

PubMed

Enrique Barraza, José; Armero-Guardado, Julio; Valencia de Toledo, Zobeyda Marisol

2004-09-01

A red tide event occurred in El Salvador from August 2001 to January 2002. National health authorities usually measured toxin levels in Ostrea iridescens, however other species were analyzed during this microalgae bloom: Anadara similis, Anadara tuberculosa and Modiolus sp. El Salvador authorities consider 400 mouse units/100 g the highest value that is safe for human health. During this period toxin levels in 0. iridescens and Modiolus sp. increased from values under 400 to 3977 and 15,468 mouse units/100 g, respectively. Persistent and higher levels were recorded in oyster and mussel banks on the west part of the country. The Ministry of Health and Social Assistance treated 41 slight to moderate intoxications associated to bivalve mollusks consumption.

Multi-scale sampling to evaluate assemblage dynamics in an oceanic marine reserve.

PubMed

Thompson, Andrew R; Watson, William; McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D

2012-01-01

To resolve the capacity of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) to enhance fish productivity it is first necessary to understand how environmental conditions affect the distribution and abundance of fishes independent of potential reserve effects. Baseline fish production was examined from 2002-2004 through ichthyoplankton sampling in a large (10,878 km(2)) Southern Californian oceanic marine reserve, the Cowcod Conservation Area (CCA) that was established in 2001, and the Southern California Bight as a whole (238,000 km(2) CalCOFI sampling domain). The CCA assemblage changed through time as the importance of oceanic-pelagic species decreased between 2002 (La Niña) and 2003 (El Niño) and then increased in 2004 (El Niño), while oceanic species and rockfishes displayed the opposite pattern. By contrast, the CalCOFI assemblage was relatively stable through time. Depth, temperature, and zooplankton explained more of the variability in assemblage structure at the CalCOFI scale than they did at the CCA scale. CalCOFI sampling revealed that oceanic species impinged upon the CCA between 2002 and 2003 in association with warmer offshore waters, thus explaining the increased influence of these species in the CCA during the El Nino years. Multi-scale, spatially explicit sampling and analysis was necessary to interpret assemblage dynamics in the CCA and likely will be needed to evaluate other focal oceanic marine reserves throughout the world.

Multi-Scale Sampling to Evaluate Assemblage Dynamics in an Oceanic Marine Reserve

PubMed Central

Thompson, Andrew R.; Watson, William; McClatchie, Sam; Weber, Edward D.

2012-01-01

To resolve the capacity of Marine Protected Areas (MPA) to enhance fish productivity it is first necessary to understand how environmental conditions affect the distribution and abundance of fishes independent of potential reserve effects. Baseline fish production was examined from 2002–2004 through ichthyoplankton sampling in a large (10,878 km2) Southern Californian oceanic marine reserve, the Cowcod Conservation Area (CCA) that was established in 2001, and the Southern California Bight as a whole (238,000 km2 CalCOFI sampling domain). The CCA assemblage changed through time as the importance of oceanic-pelagic species decreased between 2002 (La Niña) and 2003 (El Niño) and then increased in 2004 (El Niño), while oceanic species and rockfishes displayed the opposite pattern. By contrast, the CalCOFI assemblage was relatively stable through time. Depth, temperature, and zooplankton explained more of the variability in assemblage structure at the CalCOFI scale than they did at the CCA scale. CalCOFI sampling revealed that oceanic species impinged upon the CCA between 2002 and 2003 in association with warmer offshore waters, thus explaining the increased influence of these species in the CCA during the El Nino years. Multi-scale, spatially explicit sampling and analysis was necessary to interpret assemblage dynamics in the CCA and likely will be needed to evaluate other focal oceanic marine reserves throughout the world. PMID:22448236

Aortic operation after previous coronary artery bypass grafting: management of patent grafts for myocardial protection.

PubMed

Nakajima, Masato; Tsuchiya, Koji; Fukuda, Shoji; Morimoto, Hironobu; Mitsumori, Yoshitaka; Kato, Kaori

2006-04-01

Aortic surgery for progressive aortic valve disease or aortic aneurysm after previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) is a challenging procedure. We report the outcome of aortic reoperation after previous CABG and evaluate our management of patent grafts and our methods for obtaining myocardial protection. From February 2001 to July 2003, 6 patients with progressive aortic valve disease and aneurysm of the thoracic aorta were operated on. The group comprised 3 men and 3 women with a mean age of 67.6 years. There were 4 patients with an aneurysm of the aortic arch, 1 with chronic ascending aortic dissection, and 1 with progressive aortic valve stenosis. The interval between previous CABG and aortic surgery was 74.0 +/- 44.2 months. All reoperations were performed via median resternotomy. Myocardial protection was obtained by hypothermic perfusion of patent in-situ arterial grafts following cold-blood cardioplegia administration via the aortic root under aortic cross clamping. The operative procedure was aortic arch replacement in 4 patients, ascending aortic replacement with double CABG in 1, and aortic valve replacement in 1. All patients survived the reoperation. Postoperative maximum creatine kinase-MB was 49.2 +/- 29.8 and no new Q-waves occurred in the electrocardiogram nor were any new wall motion abnormalities recognized on echocardiography. There were no late deaths during a follow-up of 30.7 months. Reoperative aortic procedures after CABG can be performed safely with myocardial protection via hypothermic perfusion of a patent in-situ arterial graft.

Politica Nacional sobre Discapacidad: Un Informe del Progreso, Diciembre 2000-Diciembre 2001 (National Disability Policy: A Progress Report, December 2000-December 2001).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council on Disability, Washington, DC.

This report (written in Spanish) of the National Council on Disability (NCD) describes the nation's progress in advancing public policies to increase the inclusion, empowerment, and independence of people with disabilities in light of the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990. The report covers December 2000 through December 2001. It reviews…

Ground-water, surface-water and water-chemistry data, Black Mesa area, northeastern Arizona: 2001-02

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thomas, Blakemore E.

2002-01-01

The N aquifer is the major source of water in the 5,400-square-mile area of Black Mesa in northeastern Arizona. Availability of water is an important issue in this area because of continued industrial and municipal use, a growing population, and precipitation of about 6 to 14 inches per year. The monitoring program in the Black Mesa area has been operating since 1971 and is designed to determine the long-term effects of ground-water withdrawals from the N aquifer for industrial and municipal uses. The monitoring program includes measurements of (1) ground-water pumping, (2) ground-water levels, (3) spring discharge, (4) surface-water discharge, and (5) ground-water chemistry. In 2001, total ground-water withdrawals were 7,680 acre-feet, industrial use was 4,530 acre-feet, and municipal use was 3,150 acre-feet. From 2000 to 2001, total withdrawals decreased by 1 percent, industrial use increased by 1 percent, and municipal use decreased by 3 percent. From 2001 to 2002, water levels declined in 5 of 14 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer, and the median change was +0.2 foot. Water levels declined in 12 of 17 wells in the confined part of the aquifer, and the median change was -1.4 feet. From the prestress period (prior to 1965) to 2002, the median water-level change for 32 wells was -15.8 feet. Median water-level changes were -1.3 feet for 15 wells in the unconfined part of the aquifer and -31.7 feet for 17 wells in the confined part. Discharges were measured once in 2001 and once in 2002 at four springs. Discharges decreased by 26 percent and 66 percent at two springs, increased by 100 percent at one spring, and did not change at one spring. For the past 10 years, discharges from the four springs have fluctuated; however, an increasing or decreasing trend is not apparent. Continuous records of surface-water discharge have been collected from 1976 to 2001 at Moenkopi Wash, 1996 to 2001 at Laguna Creek, 1993 to 2001 at Dinnebito Wash, and 1994 to 2001 at Polacca Wash. Median flows for November, December, January, and February of each water year were used as an index of ground-water discharge to those streams. Since 1995, the median winter flows have decreased for Moenkopi Wash, Dinnebito Wash, and Polacca Wash. Since 1997, there is no consistent trend in the median winter flow for Laguna Creek. In 2002, water samples were collected from 12 wells and 4 springs and analyzed for selected chemical constituents. Dissolved-solids concentrations ranged from 96 to 636 milligrams per liter. Water samples from 8 of the wells and from 3 of the springs had less than 300 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids. There are no appreciable time trends in the chemistry of water samples from 9 wells and 4 springs; the 9 wells had more than 7 years of data, and the 4 springs had more than 9 years of data.

The Face of Women's Health: Helen Rodriguez-Trias

PubMed Central

Wilcox, Joyce

2002-01-01

The American Public Health Association has announced that it will establish an award in the name of Helen Rodriguez-Trias, MD, its first Latina president, who died of lung cancer on December 27, 2002. Rodriguez-Trias, a nationally known advocate for underserved communities, was awarded the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Clinton in January 2001 for her work on behalf of children, women, people with AIDS, and the poor. This article is based on a dialogue with Rodriguez-Trias that began in September 2001 and ended December 12, 2001. PMID:11919054

Book Trade Research and Statistics. Prices of U.S. and Foreign Published Materials; Book Title Output and Average Prices: 2001 Final and 2002 Preliminary Figures; Book Sales Statistics, 2002: AAP Preliminary Estimates; U.S. Book Exports and Imports:2002; Number of Book Outlets in the United States and Canada; Review Media Statistics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Sharon G.; Grabois, Andrew; Greco, Albert N.

2003-01-01

Includes six reports related to book trade statistics, including prices of U.S. and foreign materials; book title output and average prices; book sales statistics; book exports and imports; book outlets in the U.S. and Canada; and numbers of books and other media reviewed by major reviewing publications. (LRW)

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or... protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training...

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or... protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training...

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... from the fire protection system in conjunction with testing or servicing, and recycled for later use or... protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training...

Questa baseline and pre-mining ground-water quality investigation. 12. Geochemical and reactive-transport modeling based on tracer injection-synoptic sampling studies for the Red River, New Mexico, 2001-2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ball, James W.; Runkel, Robert L.; Nordstrom, D. Kirk

2005-01-01

Reactive-transport processes in the Red River, downstream from the town of Red River in north-central New Mexico, were simulated using the OTEQ reactive-transport model. The simulations were calibrated using physical and chemical data from synoptic studies conducted during low-flow conditions in August 2001 and during March/April 2002. Discharge over the 20-km reach from the town of Red River to the USGS streamflow-gaging station near the town of Questa ranged from 395 to 1,180 L/s during the 2001 tracer and from 234 to 421 L/s during the 2002 tracer. The pH of the Red River ranged from 7.4 to 8.5 during the 2001 tracer and from 7.1 to 8.7 during the 2002 tracer, and seep and tributary samples had pH values of 2.8 to 9.0 during the 2001 tracer and 3.8 to 7.2 during the 2002 tracer. Mass-loading calculations allowed identification of several specific locations where elevated concentrations of potential contaminants entered the Red River . These locations, characterized by features on the north side of the Red River that are known to be sources of low-pH water containing elevated metal and sulfate concentrations, are: the initial 2.4 km of the study reach, including Bitter Creek, the stream section from 6.2 to 7.8 km, encompassing La Bobita well and the Hansen debris fan, Sulphur Gulch, at about 10.5 km, the area near Portal Springs, from 12.2 to 12.6 km, and the largest contributors of mass loading, the 13.7 to 13.9 km stream section near Cabin Springs and the 14.7 to 17.5 km stream section from Shaft Spring to Thunder Bridge, Goathill Gulch, and Capulin Canyon. Speciation and saturation index calculations indicated that although solubility limits the concentration of aluminum above pH 5.0, at pH values above 7 and aluminum concentrations below 0.3 mg/L inorganic speciation and mineral solubility controls no longer dominate and aluminum-organic complexing may occur. The August 2001 reactive-transport simulations included dissolved iron(II) oxidation, constrained using measured concentrations of dissolved iron(II) and dissolved iron(total). Both simulations included precipitation of amorphous Al(OH)3 and hydrous ferric oxide as Fe(OH)3, and sorption of copper and zinc to the precipitated hydrous ferric oxide. Simulations revealed that hydrogen, iron, aluminum, copper, and zinc were non-conservative and that mineral precipitation can account for iron and aluminum concentrations. Copper and zinc concentrations can be accounted for by simulating their sorption to hydrous ferric oxide forming in the water column of the Red River , although hydrous manganese oxides also may be important sorption substrates.

76 FR 37165 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-24

..., 1989), 54 FR 34212; 28492 (September 28, 1990), 55 FR 41148; 29751 (September 27, 1991), 56 FR 50602... (March 21, 2001), 66 FR 16961; 44831 (September 21, 2001), 66 FR 49728; 45607 (March 20, 2002), 67 FR...), 56 FR 24852; 32385 (June 3, 1993), 58 FR 32405; 35787 (May 31, 1995), 60 FR 30324; 36508 (November 27...

75 FR 36723 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing and Order...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

..., 1989), 54 FR 34212; 28492 (September 28, 1990), 55 FR 41148; 29751 (September 27, 1991), 56 FR 50602... (March 21, 2001), 66 FR 16961; 44831 (September 21, 2001), 66 FR 49728; 45607 (March 20, 2002), 67 FR...), 56 FR 24852; 32385 (June 3, 1993), 58 FR 32405; 35787 (May 31, 1995), 60 FR 30324; 36508 (November 27...

The Targeted Reading Intervention: A Classroom Teacher Professional Development Program to Promote Effective Teaching for Struggling Readers in Kindergarten and First Grade

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vernon-Feagans, Lynne; Kainz, Kirsten; Hedrick, Amy; Ginsberg, Marnie; Amendum, Steve

2010-01-01

The main objective of the overall Targeted Reading Intervention (TRI) was to help the classroom teacher acquire the key reading diagnostic strategies (e.g., Cooter, 2003; Desimone, 2009; Garet et al., 2001; Timperley & Phillips, 2003) relevant to K-1 struggling readers (e.g., Desimone, 2009; Garet et al., 2001; Guskey, 2002; Joyce &…

Multi-Resolution Planning in Large Uncertain Domains

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaelbling, Leslie Pack

2005-01-01

This project spanned three and one half years of research. This report covers three major lines of work that were done most recently and reported on in a talk given by the PI at NASA Ames on March 23, 2004. There are have been additional publications related to this work (Lane & Kaelbling, 2001a, 2001b, 2002; Zettlemoyer, Pasula, & Kaelbling, 2003; Gardiol & Kaelbling, 2003; Pasula, Zettlemoyer, & Kaelbling, 2004).

Diversity patterns in the terrestrial avifauna of the Salton sea

Treesearch

Mark B. Mendelsohn; William I. Boarman; Robert N. Fisher

2005-01-01

We performed bird point counts monthly March-June 2001 and bi-monthly August 2001-February 2002 across a sampling grid of 35 points along the west edge of Salton Sea. We found that landbird species diversity (both in numbers of species, and numbers per species) was dependent on proximity to the sea. Diversity was at a maximum nearest the shore, and was significantly...

Class-Size Reduction Program Evaluation, 2001-02. A Report to the North Carolina Department of Public Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Speas, Carol

In 2001-2002, 23 schools in the Wake County Public School System (WCPSS), North Carolina, were provided with 40 teacher positions through the Class Size Reduction Program (CSR). Achievement results for students in reduced class sizes were compared with those of similar students in other CSR schools who did not choose the same grade for the project…

Demographics, the housing market, and demand for building materials

Treesearch

Al Schuler; Craig Adair

2003-01-01

Historically, housing has been critical to the health of the forest products industry since two-thirds or more of our structural lumber and panel products are consumed in new housing and remodeling. Likewise, it is important to the overall economy, accounting for one-fifth of GDP in 2001, and 40 percent of GDP growth in 2001 (Joint Center for Housing Studies 2002). The...

Physiological response of wild rainbow trout to angling: Impact of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature

USGS Publications Warehouse

Meka, Julie M.; McCormick, S.D.

2005-01-01

This study evaluated the immediate physiological response of wild rainbow trout to catch-and-release angling in the Alagnak River, southwest Alaska. Information was recorded on individual rainbow trout (n = 415) captured by angling including landing time and the time required to remove hooks (angling duration), the time to anesthetize fish in clove oil and withdraw blood, fish length and weight, and water temperature at capture locations. Plasma cortisol, glucose, ions (sodium, potassium, chloride), and lactate were analyzed to determine the effects of angling duration, fish size, body condition, and temperature. Levels of plasma ions did not change significantly during the observed physiological response and levels of plasma glucose were sometimes influenced by length (2000, 2001), body condition (2001), or temperature (2001). Levels of plasma cortisol and lactate in extended capture fish (angling duration greater than 2 min) were significantly higher than levels in rapid capture fish (angling duration less than 2 min). Rapid capture fish were significantly smaller than extended capture fish, reflecting that fish size influenced landing and handling times. Fish size was related to cortisol and lactate in 2002, which corresponded to the year when larger fish were captured and there were longer landing times. Body condition (i.e., weight/length regression residuals index), was significantly related to lactate in 2000 and 2001. Water temperatures were higher in 2001 (mean temperature ± S.E., 13 ± 2oC) than in 2002 (10 ± 2oC), and fish captured in 2001 had significantly higher cortisol and lactate concentrations than fish captured in 2002. The pattern of increase in plasma cortisol and lactate was due to the amount of time fish were angled, and the upper limit of the response was due to water temperature. The results of this study indicate the importance of minimizing the duration of angling in order to reduce the sublethal physiological disturbances in wild fish subjected to catch-and-release angling, particularly during warmer water temperatures. It is also important to note that factors such as fish size may influence both the duration of angling and subsequent physiological response. 

Temporal changes in management and outcome of septic shock in patients with malignancies in the intensive care unit.

PubMed

Pène, Frédéric; Percheron, Stéphanie; Lemiale, Virginie; Viallon, Vivian; Claessens, Yann-Erick; Marqué, Sophie; Charpentier, Julien; Angus, Derek C; Cariou, Alain; Chiche, Jean-Daniel; Mira, Jean-Paul

2008-03-01

Septic shock is a severe, often terminal, complication of malignancy. For patients without malignancy, outcome from septic shock has improved with new advances in care. We wished to explore whether outcome from septic shock has similarly improved for cancer patients, with regard to implementation of recent adjuvant therapies. An 8-yr retrospective observational study. A 24-bed medical intensive care unit in a university hospital. Patients were 238 consecutive cancer patients (solid tumors or hematologic malignancies) with septic shock admitted to the intensive care unit within two consecutive 4-yr periods: 1998-2001 and 2002-2005. None. Septic shock occurred in 90 patients in 1998-2001 and 148 in 2002-2005. Management of septic shock between the two periods mostly differed by emergence of adjuvant therapies of sepsis (mainly low-dose glucocorticoids) and intensive insulin therapy and a more frequent use of renal replacement therapy in the recent period. Short-term survival rates were significantly higher during 2002-2005 compared with the previous 4-yr period: 28-day, intensive care unit, and hospital survival rates were 47.3% vs. 27.8% (p = .003), 41.2% vs. 26.7% (p = .02), and 36.5% vs. 21.1% (p = .01), respectively. After adjustment, intensive care unit admission between 2002 and 2005 was an independent favorable prognostic factor for short-term outcome. Improved survival was mainly observed in patients who did not require renal replacement therapy during their stay in the intensive care unit (hospital survival 65% in 2002-2005 vs. 21.4% in 1998-2001, p < .001). Improved outcome in critically ill cancer patients extended to the subgroup of patients with septic shock. This might be ascribed both to a better selection of patients and to improvements in the care and management, including new therapeutic strategies for sepsis.

Biomonitoring: Guide for the Use of Biological Endpoints in Monitoring Species, Habitats, and Projects

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

et al ., 1991; Welsh and Ollivier 1998), behavior (Daly et al ., 1995; Maltby et al ., 2002 ...include changes in species diversity and community structure (Karr 1981; Bramblett and Fausch 1991; Barbour et al ., 1999; Zweig and Rabeni 2001; Martin et ...programs in aquatic habitats; these programs typically employ benthic invertebrates such as molluscs (Maltby et al ., 2002 ; Applied Biomonitoring

Minnesota's forest resources in 2002

Treesearch

Patrick D. Miles; Gary J. Brand; Manfred E. Mielke

2003-01-01

Results of the combined 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 annual forest inventories of Minesota show that 16.3 million acres or 32 percent of the total land area is forested. The estimate of total all live tree volume on forest land is 17.6 billion cubic feet or approximately 1,080 cubic feet per acre. Just over 15.0 million acres of forest land in Minnesota is classified...

"War on Terror" Is a Curative: Recontextualization and Political Myth-Making in Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo's 2002-2004 State of the Nation Addresses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Navera, Gene Segarra

2011-01-01

The article examines the State of the Nation addresses (SONA) delivered by Philippine President Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo (2001-2010) from 2002-2004, during which time she actively invoked the need to engage in the U.S. government-led "global war on terror." It specifically investigates how these presidential speeches recontextualized the…

The Changing Pattern Of A Level/AS Uptake in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, John F.; Malacova, Eva; Shannon, Mark

2005-01-01

One of the objectives of Curriculum 2000 is to increase the breadth of the curriculum followed by 16-19 year olds. In this paper A level and AS uptake for the years 2001 and 2002 are considered. There was considerable diversity in the uptake of A levels, with nearly 21,000 different combinations of A levels being present in 2002 A level results.…

Diet composition and feeding patterns of adult shovelnose sturgeon (Scaphirhynchus platorynchus) in the lower Platte River, Nebraska, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rapp, T.; Shuman, D.A.; Graeb, B.D.S.; Chipps, Steven R.; Peters, E.J.

2011-01-01

Two-hundred and seven adult shovelnose sturgeon ranging from 450 to 718 mm in length were sampled from June to October 2001 and May to July 2002 to determine diet composition and feeding patterns in the lower Platte River. Shovelnose sturgeon fed primarily upon aquatic insect larvae and nymphs (>99% composition by number). Diptera of the family Chironomidae were the dominant prey items in both years and composed 98.1% of the shovelnose sturgeon diet in 2001 and 96.8% in 2002. Chironomidae were primarily represented by the four genera Paracladopelma, Chernovskiia, Saetheria and Robackia accounting for 90.2% of the ingested prey items in 2001 and 83.6% in 2002. In addition, shovelnose sturgeon showed in both years a generalized feeding pattern towards Ephemeroptera of the families Isonychiidae and Caenidae, as well as Trichoptera of the family Hydropsychidae. Other aquatic insects, terrestrial invertebrates and fishes were found infrequently and in low numbers in shovelnose sturgeon diets. The four most abundant Chironomidae genera are often found on sand and the high abundance of these taxa in the diet suggests that shovelnose sturgeon feed primarily near or on this substrate type. This highlights the importance of habitats that provide sand substrate for shovelnose sturgeon foraging in the lower Platte River.

Marine pharmacology in 2001–2002: Marine compounds with anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antidiabetic, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis, and antiviral activities; affecting the cardiovascular, immune and nervous systems and other miscellaneous mechanisms of action

PubMed Central

Mayer, Alejandro M.S.; Hamann, Mark T.

2016-01-01

During 2001–2002, research on the pharmacology of marine chemicals continued to be global in nature involving investigators from Argentina, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, France, Germany, India, Indonesia, Israel, Italy, Japan, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Pakistan, the Philippines, Russia, Singapore, Slovenia, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Thailand, United Kingdom, and the United States. This current article, a sequel to the authors’ 1998, 1999 and 2000 marine pharmacology reviews, classifies 106 marine chemicals derived from a diverse group of marine animals, algae, fungi and bacteria, on the basis of peer-reviewed preclinical pharmacology. Anthelmintic, antibacterial, anticoagulant, antifungal, antimalarial, antiplatelet, antiprotozoal, antituberculosis or antiviral activities were reported for 56 marine chemicals. An additional 19 marine compounds were shown to have significant effects on the cardiovascular, immune and nervous system as well as to possess anti-inflammatory and antidiabetic effects. Finally, 31 marine compounds were reported to act on a variety of molecular targets and thus may potentially contribute to several pharmacological classes. Thus, during 2001–2002 pharmacological research with marine chemicals continued to contribute potentially novel chemical leads for the ongoing global search for therapeutic agents for the treatment of multiple disease categories. PMID:15919242

Seahorse (Hippocampinae) population fluctuations in the Ria Formosa Lagoon, south Portugal.

PubMed

Correia, M; Caldwell, I R; Koldewey, H J; Andrade, J P; Palma, J

2015-09-01

Comparisons of three sets of surveys in the Ria Formosa Lagoon, Portugal, over a 13 year period (2001-2002, 2008-2009 and 2010-2013) revealed significant population fluctuations in at least one of the two seahorse (Hippocampinae) species living there, and that those fluctuations were potentially associated with habitat changes in the lagoon. After a significant decline between the first two survey periods (2001-2002 v. 2008-2009), long-snouted seahorse Hippocampus guttulatus populations increased significantly between 2008-2009 surveys and new 2010-2013 surveys. There were no significant differences in H. guttulatus populations between the 2001-2002 and 2010-2013 surveys. In contrast, there were no significant differences in short-snouted seahorse Hippocampus hippocampus densities among the 16 sites surveyed throughout the three sampling periods, although the ability to detect any change was hampered by the low densities of this species in all time periods. Fluctuations in H. guttulatus densities were positively correlated with the percentage of holdfast coverage, but with none of the other environmental variables tested. These results highlight the importance of holdfast availability in maintaining stable seahorse populations. While population fluctuations are certainly more promising than a consistent downward decline, such extreme fluctuations observed for seahorses in the Ria Formosa Lagoon could still leave these two species vulnerable to any additional stressors, particularly during low density periods. © 2015 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Trap height and orientation of yellow sticky traps affect capture of Chaetocnema pulicaria (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).

PubMed

Esker, P D; Obrycki, J; Nutter, F W

2004-02-01

Field studies were conducted in Iowa during 2001 and 2002 to determine the optimal sampling height and orientation for using yellow sticky cards to monitor populations of Chaetocnema pulicaria Melsheimer, the vector of the bacterial pathogen Pantoea stewartii subsp, stewartii, the causal organism of Stewart's disease of corn, Zea mays L.. Sticky cards were placed at five different heights (0.15, 0.30, 0.45, 0.60, and 0.90 m) and three orientations (horizontal, vertical, and 30 degree angle) at three locations (Ames, Crawfordsville, and Sutherland) in 2001 and two locations (Crawfordsville and Johnston) in 2002. No statistical differences were observed among the placement combinations for individual sampling periods or for the total number of C. pulicaria captured in 2001. In 2002, the 0.30 m and vertical cards captured significantly (1.1-35 times) more C. pulicaria than any other placement combination during sampling throughout August at both Crawfordsville and Johnston. Also, the cumulative number of C. pulicaria captured by the 0.30 m and vertical cards was significantly higher than all other placement combinations. This information is important in the development of sampling protocols to aid growers in making management decisions. These management decisions include where and when to apply foliar insecticides during the corn growing season to control C. pulicaria populations, thereby reducing the risk for Stewart's disease of corn.

Coat condition of ringtailed lemurs, Lemur catta at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar: I. Differences by age, sex, density and tourism, 1996-2006.

PubMed

Jolly, Alison

2009-03-01

An index of coat condition can be a non-invasive tool for tracking health and stress at population level. Coat condition in ringtailed lemurs, Lemur catta, was recorded during September-November birth seasons of 1996, 1997, 1999, and 2001-2006 at Berenty Reserve, Madagascar. Condition was scored on a scale from 0: full, fluffy coat with guard hairs present, to 5: half or more of body hairless. Adult males did not differ overall from adult females. Coats were worse in adults than in 2-year-old subadults; 1-year-old juveniles were intermediate. Mothers and adult males lost coat condition as the season progressed: non-mother females maintained condition. Years 1999-2002 scored better coats than either 1996-1997 or 2003-2006. Lemurs in high population density areas had worse coats than in natural forest, but tourist presence had less effect than density. Monitoring coat condition in an apparently healthy population reveals differences between population segments, and in a forest fragment with limited immigration or emigration it can track progressive changes, correcting impressions of progressive improvement or degradation over time. Above all it gives a baseline for response to climate changes or eventual pathology. (c) 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

A Decade of Progress toward Ending the Intensive Confinement of Farm Animals in the United States

PubMed Central

Shields, Sara; Shapiro, Paul; Rowan, Andrew

2017-01-01

Simple Summary Over the past ten years, unprecedented changes in the way farm animals are kept on intensive production facilities have begun to take hold in the U.S. veal, egg and pork industries. Propelled by growing public support for animal welfare, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) has successfully led the effort to transition farms from using restrictive cages and crates to more open aviary and group housing systems that offer the animals far more freedom to express natural behavior. This paper describes the background history of the movement, the strategy and approach of the campaign and the challenges that were overcome to enable this major shift in farming practices. The events chronicled are set within the context of the larger societal concern for animals and the important contributions of other animal protection organizations. Abstract In this paper, the Humane Society of the United States (HSUS) farm animal protection work over the preceding decade is described from the perspective of the organization. Prior to 2002, there were few legal protections for animals on the farm, and in 2005, a new campaign at the HSUS began to advance state ballot initiatives throughout the country, with a decisive advancement in California (Proposition 2) that paved the way for further progress. Combining legislative work with undercover farm and slaughterhouse investigations, litigation and corporate engagement, the HSUS and fellow animal protection organizations have made substantial progress in transitioning the veal, pork and egg industries away from intensive confinement systems that keep the animals in cages and crates. Investigations have become an important tool for demonstrating widespread inhumane practices, building public support and convincing the retail sector to publish meaningful animal welfare policies. While federal legislation protecting animals on the farm stalled, there has been steady state-by-state progress, and this is complemented by major brands such as McDonald’s and Walmart pledging to purchase only from suppliers using cage-free and crate-free animal housing systems. The evolution of societal expectations regarding animals has helped propel the recent wave of progress and may also be driven, in part, by the work of animal protection organizations. PMID:28505141

Catastrophic failures of freezing bags for cellular therapy products: description, cause, and consequences.

PubMed

Khuu, H M; Cowley, H; David-Ocampo, V; Carter, C S; Kasten-Sportes, C; Wayne, A S; Solomon, S R; Bishop, M R; Childs, R M; Read, E J

2002-01-01

Container integrity is critical for maintaining sterility of cryopreserved cellular therapy products. We investigated a series of catastrophic bag failures, first noticed in early 2001. Process records were reviewed for all PBPC and lymphocyte products cryopreserved in bags from January 2000 through April 2002. Patient charts were also reviewed. One thousand two hundred and four bags were removed from storage for infusion to 261 patients. All products had been cryopreserved in Cryocyte poly(ethylene co-vinyl acetate) (EVA) bags in either 10% DMSO or 5% DMSO and 6% pentastarch. Product volumes were 25-75 mL, and bags were stored with overwrap bags in a liquid nitrogen tank. From January 2000 to April 2001, failure occurred in 10 of 599 (1.7%) bags. From May 2001 to April 2002, 58 of 605 (9.6%) bags failed, typically with extensive fractures that were visible before thaw. Of the 58 that failed, 24 were salvaged by aseptic methods and infused to patients under antibiotic coverage; 10 of those 24 (42%) had positive bacterial cultures. Bag failures were not related to product type, cryoprotectant solution, liquid versus vapor storage, or freezer location. Failures were linked to use of four Cryocyte bag lots manufactured in 2000 and 2001. After replacing these lots with a 1999 Cryocyte lot and with KryoSafe polyfluoroethylene polyfluoropropylene (FEP) bags, no more failures occurred in 75 and 102 bags, respectively, thawed through April 2002. High rates of bag failure were associated with four Cryocyte bag lots. No serious adverse patient effects occurred, but bag failures led to microbial contamination, increased product preparation time, increased antibiotic use, and increased resource expenditure to replace products.

Evolution of Breast Cancer Screening in the Medicare Population: Clinical and Economic Implications

PubMed Central

Killelea, Brigid K.; Long, Jessica B.; Chagpar, Anees B.; Ma, Xiaomei; Wang, Rong; Ross, Joseph S.

2014-01-01

Background Newer approaches to mammography, including digital image acquisition and computer-aided detection (CAD), and adjunct imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have diffused into clinical practice. The impact of these technologies on screening-related cost and outcomes remains undefined, particularly among older women. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results–Medicare linked database, we constructed two cohorts of women without a history of breast cancer and followed each cohort for 2 years. We compared the use and cost of screening mammography including digital mammography and CAD, adjunct procedures including breast ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy between the period of 2001 and 2002 and the period of 2008 and 2009 using χ2 and t test. We also assessed the change in breast cancer stage and incidence rates using χ2 and Poisson regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results There were 137150 women (mean age = 76.0 years) in the early cohort (2001–2002) and 133097 women (mean age = 77.3 years) in the later cohort (2008–2009). The use of digital image acquisition for screening mammography increased from 2.0% in 2001 and 2002 to 29.8% in 2008 and 2009 (P < .001). CAD use increased from 3.2% to 33.1% (P < .001). Average screening-related cost per capita increased from $76 to $112 (P < .001), with annual national fee-for-service Medicare spending increasing from $666 million to $962 million. There was no statistically significant change in detection rates of early-stage tumors (2.45 vs 2.57 per 1000 person-years; P = .41). Conclusions Although breast cancer screening–related costs increased substantially from 2001 through 2009 among Medicare beneficiaries, a clinically significant change in stage at diagnosis was not observed. PMID:25031307

Underserved populations in science education: Enhancement through learning community participation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gray, Jennifer Emily

A positive relationship between college anatomy students' achievement and academic language proficiency in the context of a learning community was established. For many students the barrier to learning science is language. A relationship exists between low academic language proficiency and lack of success among students, in particular failure among at-risk minority and language-minority students. The sample consisted of Anatomy classes during the Fall semesters of the academic years, 2000, 2001, and 2002 at a community college in Central California having a high percentage of culturally and linguistically diverse students. Students from each semester participated in the academic language proficiency and science achievement studies. Twenty-two of the Fall 2002 students (n = 65) enrolled in the Learning Community (LC) that included instruction in academic language in the context of the anatomy course content. Fall 2002 students (n = 19) also participated in Peer-led Support (PLS) sessions. Fall 2001 students participated in a textbook use study (n = 44) and in a Cooperative-Learning (CL) (n = 35) study. Students in the LC and Non-LC groups took the academic language assessment; their results were correlated with course grades and attendance. Fall 2002 students were compared for: (1) differences regarding self-expectations, (2) program impressions, and (3) demographics. Fall 2001 student reading habits and CL participation were analyzed. Results identified: (1) selected academic language tasks as good predictors of science success, (2) a significant positive relationship between science success and participation in support interventions, (3) no differences in self expectations or demographic characteristics of participants and non-participants in the LC group, and (4) poor textbook reading habits. Results showed a significant positive relationship between academic language proficiency and science achievement in participatory instruction.

Endo-exuberance and abdominal aortic aneurysm management: have we gone too far?

PubMed

Sternbergh, W Charles

2003-11-01

new technology, such as endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair (EVAR) may promote an 'irrational exuberance' for its application. nonsuprarenal AAA repairs performed at a single institution over a 7 year period were retrospectively studied. Method of repair, 30-day mortality and EVAR aortic neck anatomy were assessed. 431 AAA repairs were performed between January 1996 and June 2002, 238 (55%) open and 193 (45%) EVAR. The percentage of EVAR increased steadily from approximately 20% in 1996 and 1997 to a peak of 69.5% in 2000. However, in 2001-2002 the percentage of EVAR fell to approximately 40% of total repairs. In this time period our selection criteria for EVAR became more conservative, with treatment of fewer patients with short aortic necks (12.8 vs. 28.9% with neck length < or = 20 mm, p = 0.05; 3.8 vs. 10.8% with neck length < or = 15 mm, p = 0.1) or highly angulated necks (3.8 vs. 28.9% with neck angulation > or = 40 degrees, p = 0.04) in 2001-2002 versus 1999-2000, respectively. Institutional volume of AAA repairs doubled over the study period (p = 0.001). 30-day mortality over the study period for nonruptured EVAR and open AAA repair was 2.6 and 3.3%, respectively (p = NS). The complexity of open repairs increased significantly during the final 3 years of the review. the application of EVAR has fallen from a high of 69.5% of our AAA repairs in 2000 to approximately 40% in 2001-2002. More prudent patient selection in recent years regarding unfavorable aortic neck anatomy was felt to be a primary etiology of changes in overall EVAR utilization. The anticipated improvement in long-term results from EVAR await multi-year follow-up.

Glacier Instability, Rapid Glacier Lake Growth and Related Hazards at Belvedere Glacier, Macugnaga, Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huggel, C.; Kaeaeb, A.; Haeberli, W.; Mortara, G.; Chiarle, M.; Epifani, F.

2002-12-01

Starting in summer 2000, Belvedere Glacier, near Macugnaga, Italian Alps, developed an extraordinary change in flow, geometry and surface appearance. A surge-type flow acceleration started in the lower parts of the Monte-Rosa east face, leading to strong crevassing and deformation of Belvedere Glacier, accompanied by bulging of its orographic right margin. In September 2001, a small supraglacial lake developed on the glacier. High water pressure and accelerated movement lasted into winter 2001/2002. The ice, in places, started to override moraines from the Little Ice Age. In late spring and early summer 2002, the supraglacial lake grew at extraordinary rates reaching a maximum area of more than 150'000 m2 by end of June. The evolution of such a large supraglacial lake, a rather unique feature in the Alps, was probably enabled by changes in the subglacial drainage system in the course of the surge-like developments with high water pressure in the glacier. At the end of June, an enhanced growth of the lake level with a rise of about 1 m per day was observed such that the supraglacial lake became a urgent hazard problem for the community of Macugnaga. Emergency measures had to be taken by the Italian Civil Protection. The authors thereby acted as the official expert advisers. Temporal evacuations were ordered and a permanent monitoring and alarm system was installed. Pumps with a maximum output of 1 m3/s were brought to the lake. Bathymetric studies yielded a maximum lake depth of 55 m and a volume of 3.3 millions of cubic meters of water. Aerial photography of 1995, 1999, September 2001 and October 2001 was used to calculate ice flow velocities and changes in surface altitude. Compared to the period of 1995 to 1999, the flow accelerated by about five times in 2001 (max. speeds up to 200 m/yr). Surface uplift measured was about 10-15 m/yr. The results of the photogrammetric studies were used to evaluate different possible lake-outburst scenarios, in particular overtopping and failure of ice dam with catastrophic subglacial drainage. In consideration of the current bathymetric studies and ice thickness measurements from the 1980ies, it was assumed that the floatation equilibrium was possibly reached by end of June. In case of an ice dam, the maximum discharge of a related subglacial drainage was estimated at 200 m3/s, probably involving a large debris flow. Extension and nature of thermokarst processes of the lake/ice interface are currently studied by repeated bathymetric measurements and adaption of corresponding models. In July/August 2002, geodetic ice flow velocity measurements showed that the enhanced flow velocities have decreased probably indicat ing the end of the surge-like movement. In conclusion, the developments at Macugnaga are an excellent example illustrating the need for inte grated hazard assessments in consideration of complex process chains. The current situation requires studies on different aspects, such as rock instabilities, glacier dynamics and hydrology, geomorphody namics, and mitigation-construction planning.

Dynamics of Planetary Atmospheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ingersoll, Andrew P.

2002-01-01

The PI had nineteen papers either published or in press in 1999 through early 2002. Ten of these (Thomas et al. 1999, Geisler et al. 1999, Vasavada et al. 1999, Little et al. t999, Gierasch et al. 2000, Ingersoll et al. 2000, Thomas et al. 2000, Dyudina et al. 2001, Chang et al. 2001, Wang and Ingersoll 2002) were largely supported by the Mars Global Surveyor project and the Galileo project. The other nine papers were largely supported under this grant, and are listed in boldface below. Six of the nine are research papers. Their titles and abstracts are reproduced below. The New Solar System chapter and the Meteorology at the Millennium chapter are review articles, and the World Book Encyclopedia chapter is a popular article. Their title pages and abstracts are also reproduced below.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vigg, Steven; Johnson, John

In this annual Monitoring & Evaluation (M&E) report to the Bonneville Power Administration (BPA), we summarize significant activities and performance measures resultant from enhanced protection by Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fisheries Enforcement (CRITFE) in the mainstem corridor (BPA Project 2000-056). This report covers the Fiscal Year (FY) 2000 performance period -- May 15, 2000 to May 14, 2001. Quarterly progress reports have previously been submitted to BPA and are posted on the M&E Web site (www.Eco-Law.net) -- for the time period April-December 2000 (Vigg 2000b,c,d) and for the period January-June 2001 (Vigg 2001a,b). We also present comprehensive data representing the firstmore » quarter of year 2000 in this report for a pre-project comparison. In addition, we have analyzed specific annual enforcement statistics to evaluate trends during the baseline period 1996-2000. Additional statistics and more years of comprehensive baseline data are now being summarized, and will be presented in future M&E annual reports--to provide a longer time series for evaluation of trends in input, output and outcome performance standards.« less

Houston biosecurity: building a national model.

PubMed Central

Casscells, Ward; Mirhaji, Parsa; Lillibridge, Scott; Madjid, Mohammad

2004-01-01

On September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda terrorists committed an atrocity when they used domestic jetliners to crash into buildings in New York City and Washington, DC, killing thousands of people. In October 2001, another act of savagery occurred, this time using anthrax, not airplanes, to take innocent lives. Each incident demonstrates the vulnerability of an open society, and Americans are left to wonder how such acts can be prevented. Two years later, Al Qaeda operatives are reportedly regrouping, recruiting, and changing their tactics to distribute money and messages to operatives around the world. Many experts believe that terrorist attacks are inevitable. Every city is vulnerable to an attack, and none are fully prepared to handle the residual impact of a biological or chemical attack. A survey conducted by the Cable News Network (CNN) in January 2002, studied 30 major US cities, ranking them based on 6 statistical indices of vulnerability. Thirteen cities were deemed better prepared than Houston, 10 were in a similar state of preparedness, and only 6 were less prepared than Houston. We will discuss the protective measures that have been put in place in Houston, and future steps to take. Other cities can model Houston's experience to develop similar plans nation-wide. PMID:17060983

Houston biosecurity: building a national model.

PubMed

Casscells, Ward; Mirhaji, Parsa; Lillibridge, Scott; Madjid, Mohammad

2004-01-01

On September 11, 2001, Al Qaeda terrorists committed an atrocity when they used domestic jetliners to crash into buildings in New York City and Washington, DC, killing thousands of people. In October 2001, another act of savagery occurred, this time using anthrax, not airplanes, to take innocent lives. Each incident demonstrates the vulnerability of an open society, and Americans are left to wonder how such acts can be prevented. Two years later, Al Qaeda operatives are reportedly regrouping, recruiting, and changing their tactics to distribute money and messages to operatives around the world. Many experts believe that terrorist attacks are inevitable. Every city is vulnerable to an attack, and none are fully prepared to handle the residual impact of a biological or chemical attack. A survey conducted by the Cable News Network (CNN) in January 2002, studied 30 major US cities, ranking them based on 6 statistical indices of vulnerability. Thirteen cities were deemed better prepared than Houston, 10 were in a similar state of preparedness, and only 6 were less prepared than Houston. We will discuss the protective measures that have been put in place in Houston, and future steps to take. Other cities can model Houston's experience to develop similar plans nation-wide.

Florida's weakened motorcycle helmet law: effects on death rates in motorcycle crashes.

PubMed

Kyrychenko, Sergey Y; McCartt, Anne T

2006-03-01

Effective July 1, 2000, Florida's universal helmet law was amended to exclude riders ages 21 and older with insurance coverage providing at least 10,000 US dollars in medical benefits for injuries sustained in a motorcycle crash. Observed helmet use in Florida was reported to have declined from nearly 100% in 1998, before the law change, to 53% after. This study examined the effects of the law change on the likelihood of death, given involvement in a motorcycle crash. Rates of motorcyclist deaths per crash involvement in Florida for 2001-2002 (after the law change) were compared with those for 1998-1999 (before the law change). Before/after death rate ratios (95% CIs) were examined, and logistic regression models estimated the effect of the helmet law change on the odds of death in a crash, while controlling for rider gender, age, and seating position, and number of vehicles. The motorcyclist death rate increased significantly after the law change, from 30.8 to 38.8 deaths per 1,000 crash involvements. Motorcyclist death rates increased for single- and multiple-vehicle crashes, for male and female operators, and for riders of all ages including those younger than 21. After controlling for gender and age, the likelihood of death given involvement in a motorcycle crash was 25% higher than expected after the law change. It is estimated that 117 motorcyclist deaths could have been avoided during 2001-2002 if Florida's universal helmet law had remained in place. This study provides evidence of the life-saving benefits of universal helmet laws. The results also suggest that age-specific helmet laws are not effective in protecting the youngest drivers. This is not surprising, as these laws are largely unenforceable.

Phosphorus Concentrations, Loads, and Yields in the Illinois River Basin, Arkansas and Oklahoma, 2000-2004

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tortorelli, Robert L.; Pickup, Barbara E.

2006-01-01

The Illinois River and tributaries, Flint Creek and Baron Fork, are designated scenic rivers in Oklahoma. Recent phosphorus levels in streams in the basin have resulted in the growth of excess algae, which have limited the aesthetic benefits of water bodies in the basin, especially the Illinois River and Lake Tenkiller. The Oklahoma Water Resources Board has established a standard for total phosphorus not to exceed the 30-day geometric mean concentration of 0.037 milligram per liter in Oklahoma Scenic Rivers. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Oklahoma Water Resources Board, conducted an investigation to summarize phosphorus concentrations and provide estimates of phosphorus loads, yields, and flow-weighted concentrations in the Illinois River and tributaries from January 2000 through December 2004. Data from water-quality samples collected from 2000 to 2004 were used to summarize phosphorus concentrations and estimate phosphorus loads, yields, and mean flow-weighted concentrations in the Illinois River basin for three 3-year periods - 2000-2002, 2001-2003, and 2002-2004, to update a previous report that used data from water-quality samples from 1997 to 2001. This report provides information needed to advance knowledge of the regional hydrologic system and understanding of hydrologic processes, and provides hydrologic data and results useful to multiple parties for interstate compacts. Phosphorus concentrations in the Illinois River basin were significantly greater in runoff samples than in base-flow samples. Phosphorus concentrations generally decreased with increasing base flow, from dilution, and decreased in the downstream direction in the Illinois River from the Watts to Tahlequah stations. Phosphorus concentrations generally increased with runoff, possibly because of phosphorus resuspension, stream bank erosion, and the addition of phosphorus from nonpoint sources. Estimated mean annual phosphorus loads were greater at the Illinois River stations than at Flint Creek and Baron Fork. Annual total loads in the Illinois River from Watts to Tahlequah, increased slightly for the period 2000-2002 and decreased slightly for the periods 2001-2003 and 2002-2004. Estimated mean annual base-flow loads at stations on the Illinois River were about 11 to 20 times greater than base-flow loads at the station on Baron Fork and 4 to 10 times greater than base-flow loads at the station on Flint Creek. Estimated mean annual runoff loads ranged from 68 to 96 percent of the estimated mean annual total phosphorus loads from 2000-2004. Estimated mean seasonal base-flow loads were generally greatest in spring (March through May) and were least in fall (September through November). Estimated mean seasonal runoff loads generally were greatest in summer (June through August) for the period 2000-2002, but were greatest in winter (December through February) for the period 2001-2003, and greatest in spring for the period 2002-2004. Estimated mean total yields of phosphorus ranged from 192 to 811 pounds per year per square mile, with greatest yields being reported for Illinois River near Watts (576 to 811 pounds per year per square mile), and the least yields being reported for Baron Fork at Eldon for the periods 2000-2002 and 2001-2003 (501 and 192 pounds per year per square mile) and for Illinois River near Tahlequah for the period 2002-2004 (370 pounds per year per square mile). Estimated mean flow-weighted concentrations were more than 10 times greater than the median (0.022 milligram per liter) and were consistently greater than the 75th percentile of flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations in samples collected at relatively undeveloped basins of the United States (0.037 milligram per liter). In addition, flow-weighted phosphorus concentrations in 2000-2002 at all Illinois River stations and at Flint Creek near Kansas were equal to or greater than the 75th percentile of all National Water-Quality Assessment Program station

Prescribed fire and brush removal affect vegetation, fuel loads, and abundance of selected beetle populations in pine stands

Treesearch

James D. Haywood; Tessa A. Bauman; Richard A. Goyer; Gerald J. Lenhard

2015-01-01

Three forest sites were selected in Louisiana in early 2001. On each site, three treatments were applied: (1) Check: no further management; (2) PF: prescribed fire was applied in May 2001 and June 2003; and (3) PF-MPC: between the two prescribed fires, midstory and understory woody vegetation was masticated with mechanical equipment in July 2002. Management did not...

Subsurface Electromagnetic Induction Imaging for Unexploded Ordnance Detection

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Baum, 1999; Pasion and Oldenburg, 2001). The EMI- response problem has been solved analytically for spheroids (Ao et al., 2002; Barrowes et al., 2004...components. We also have made explicit the fact that the polarizabilities are always positive ( Pasion et al., 2008); we impose this constraint in the...Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK. Pasion , L.R., Oldenburg, D.W., 2001. A discrimination algorithm for UXO using time- domain electromagnetic induction

Stabilization of Lipid Membranes With Dendritic Polymers

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-12-01

Langmuir - Blodgett (Takamato, et al., 2001) and solution techniques (Johnson, et al., 2002). However, BLMs are too unstable to be used to make effective...J.A., Ivanova, A.T., Schwartz, D.K., Yang, T., and Cremer, P.S., 2001: Stable Ordering in Langmuir - Blodgett Films, Science, 293, 1292-1295. Tully...Various dendrimers and hyperbranched polymers were evaluated. In addition, lipids with different head groups were used to probe the underlying

Tectono-metamorphic evolution and magmatic processes in the thermo-metamorphic aureole of the Monte Capanne pluton (Elba Island, Northern Tyrrhenian Sea, Italy).

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morelli, M.; Pandeli, E.; Principi, G.

2003-04-01

Introduction In this work we present new structural and petrographic data collected in the thermo-metamorphic aureole of Monte Capanne (western Elba Island) and its metamorphic evolution. In the western Elba Island the Monte Capanne monzogranitic body (ca. 7 Ma) and its thermo-metamorphic aureole crop out. At least two different tectonic units can be distinguished: the Punta Le Tombe Unit, weak re-crystallized, and the Punta Nera Unit. In the latter one the re-crystallization is strong and a pre-intrusion tectono-metamorphic framework is evident (Morelli et al., 2002). The latter is mainly constituted by thermo-metamorphosed meta-ophiolites and meta-sedimentary successions previously correlated by Barberi et al. (1969) with the un-metamorphic ones (Complex IV and V of Trevisan, 1950) cropping out in the central-eastern Elba. According to Perrin (1975) and Reutter &Spohn (1982) a pre-intrusion tectono-metamorphic framework was recognized into such rocks. As suggested by Daniel &Jolivet (1995) complex relationships between metamorphic evolution and magmatic events are also recognizable. Geological Data The Punta Nera Unit crops out all around the Monte Capanne magmatic body and the primary contact with the underlying granitoid is somewhere preserved. This unit, strongly re-crystallized and locally crosscut by aplitic and porphyritic dikes, is represented by (Coli &Pandeli, 1997; Morelli, 2000) tectonized meta-serpentinites, meta-gabbros with rodingitic dikes, rare meta-basalts and meta-ophicalcites, meta-cherts, marbles, cherty meta-limestones, phyllites and meta-limestones with rare meta-arenites intercalations. A "pre-magmatic" tectono-metamorphic framework of this unit is well evident only in its meta-sedimentary portion. The meta-sediments are deformed by syn-metamorphic isoclinal folds caractherized by N-S trending axes, west dipping axial planes and easternward vergence. A later folding and flattening event clearly post-dated the above said folds and associated main foliation. Both at the meso- and micro-scale few generations of syn-/inter-kinematic and static thermo-metamorphic blasteses (e.g. biotite, wollastonite, garnet, epidote etc.) are evident. Finally weak local folding and faulting affected the Monte Capanne thermo-metamorphic aureole during the uplift of the cooled pluton. Along the coast of Spartaia (north-eastern side of Monte Capanne) the meta-sedimentary upper portion of the Punta Nera Unit crops out and it is represented by alternating marbles and phyllites with rare meta-arenites. Here, the relationships between tectono-metamorphic and thermo-metamorphic structures, and intrusive magmatic bodies are particularly evident. D_1M_1: is recognizable at the meso-scale only as rare relics of intrafolial isoclinal rootless hinges and locally as a transposed foliation (S1). At the microscope a relic fine-spaced foliation, locally preserved by the following re-crystallization and parallel to the original lithological partitions, is evident. The original mineral associations is often replaced by HT/LP mimetic and syn-kinematic or static blasteses. D_2M_2 is the most evident structural fabric pre-dating the thermo-metamorphic events. It is represented by tight to isoclinal folds with N-S trending axes and easternward vergence. At the microscope the S2 foliation deformed the previously S1 and at the fold hinges a variously penetrative discrete crenulation cleavage (S2) is recognizable. M_3 is the first thermo-metamorphic event. It is associated to the intrusions of the Capo Bianco, San Martino and Portoferraio laccoliths (between ca. 8 and 7.2 Ma, Rocchi et alii, 2002) along pre-existing tectonic and lithological discontinuity. The laccoliths clearly crosscut the tectono-metamorphic fabric of the Punta Nera Unit. At this first magmatic event is associated a HT/LP blastesis of static garnet, wollastonite and epidote. Close to the contact between the magmatic intrusive bodies the country rocks are strongly re-crystallized and the original structure is oblitered. D_3M_4: is linked to the intrusion of the Monte Capanne pluton (6.9 Ma). Because of the flattening of the country rocks a penetrative foliation, sub-parallel to the surface of the plutonic body, developed during its intrusion and the uplift. Fluidal structures and discharge folding also developed. This structures affected both the country rocks and the laccoliths intruded in. At the meso-scale are also evident fractures, filled by calcite, cutting the garnet/wollastonite aggregate and later flattened and-or partially transposed. Late felsic products associated with the Monte Capanne pluton partly are deformed by the flattening and partly cut the flattening structures. The contact between the pluton and the country rocks itself is locally deformed by flattening structures. At the microscope the growth of HT/LP minerals, mimetic on the previous associations, or syn-kinematic or static, is evident. M_5: finally, during the last intrusive event (Orano porphyries, 6.8 Ma) a static thermo-metamorphic blastesis locally occurs post-dating the structures previously described. Only gentle folding, veins and fractures formation, and faulting processes followed the tectono-metamorphic and thermo-metamorphic deformation events. Conclusions The Punta Nera Unit represents another important element to understand the relationships between Alps and Apennines. In fact, the evidences of a pre-granitoid polyphased tectono-metamorphic framework in this metamorphic oceanic unit allow to correlate it to the Schistes Lustrés of the Alpine Corsica (e.g. Inzecca Massif, Duran Delga, 1984) and of the Northern Tyrrhenian area (e.g. the outcrops of oceanic metamorphic units in the Gorgona Island, Giglio Island and eastern Elba Island: Bortolotti et al., 2001; Pandeli et alii, 2001; Rossetti et al., 2001; Orti et al., 2002). References Barberi et al. (1969). F.126. Isola d'Elba. Note Ill. Carta Geol. It., 1:100.000. Ser. Geol. d'It. Bortolotti V. et al. (2001), Ofioliti, 26, 2001. Coli &Pandeli, (2001), Ofioliti, 26, 2001. Daniel &Jolivet, (1995), Bull. Soc. Geol. France, 166(4), 341--354. Durand-Delga M. (1984), Mem. Soc. Geol. It., 28, 285--329. Morelli M. et alii, (2002), Proceedings of Eurogranites 2002, 15th--21th Sept. 2002. Orti et alii, (2002), Ofioliti, 27, 2002. Pandeli et alii, (2001), Ofioliti, 26, 2001. Perrin M. (1975), Boll. Soc. Geol. It., 94, pp.1929--1955. Reutter K.J. and Spohn A., (1982), Ofioliti, 7, 467--478. Rocchi et alii, (2002), in Eurogranites 2002 Field Meeting Guide. 15th--21th Sept. 2002 Rossetti et al., (2001), Ofioliti, 26, 2001. Trevisan L., (1950), Mem. Ist. Geol. Univ. Padova, 16, 2--39.

Iraq: U.S. Regime Change Efforts and Post-War Governance

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-10-10

early 1980s. ! The Assyrian Democratic Movement, an ethnic-based movement headed by Secretary-General Yonadam Yousif Kanna . Iraq’s Assyrian...September 2002. ( Kanna is on the Governing Council.) Second ILA Designations. The Bush Administration applauded efforts during 2001 and 2002 by the ex...hospital in Diwaniyah. A member of the Assyrian Christian community is on the Council. Yonadam Kanna , the secretary-general of the Democratic

Celebrate Your Freedom--Assuring Equal Justice for All. Law Day 2002 Planning Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Charles, Ed.

The theme for Law Day 2002 was set long before the tragic events of September 11, 2001, and its aftermath. The vision of Law Day planners was to plan programs on how the courts and legal system seek to assure equal access to justice for all people. This guide gives planners the tools for programs and discussions on legal aid, the "pro bono…

RENDEZVOUS: Self-Organizing Services in an Active Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-02-01

http://www.cs.washington.edu/research/networking/ants/, and http://www.cs.utah.edu/flux/janos/ants.html, 2001. [2] Krishna P. Gummadi, “King...Proceedings of the Tenth ACM SIGOPS European Workshop, September 2002. [9] Stefan Saroiu, P. Krishna Gummadi, Steven D. Gribble: A Measurement Study...Davis, Eric Lemar, and Brian Bershad. “Migration for Pervasive Applications.” Submitted to OSDI, June 2002. Gummadi, P. Krishna , Stefan Saroiu, and

Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Navy Weapon Systems for FY 2002

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-03-06

Financial Management March 6, 2003 Office of the Inspector General of the Department of Defense Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance...N/A Dates Covered (from... to) - Title and Subtitle Financial Management: Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Navy Weapon...Project No. D2001FJ-0156.000) Financial Reporting of Deferred Maintenance Information on Navy Weapon Systems for FY 2002 Executive Summary Who

The Integration of all Fleet Air Arm Helicopters into Joint Helicopter Command

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-04-04

Defence Comptroller and Auditor General, Helicopter Logistics HC 840 Session 2001 – 2002, 23 May 2002, 1. 4 The Army currently operate Apache AH1...and Auditor report into MOD 5 Major General Gary Coward discussion with Jane’s correspondent, Tim...janes.com.ezproxy6.ndu.edu, 1. 6 Ministry of Defence Comptroller and Auditor General: Battlefield Helicopters HC 486 Session 2003 – 2004, 7 April 2004

Rocky Mountain Snowpack Chemistry at Selected Sites, 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ingersoll, George P.; Mast, M. Alisa; Nanus, Leora; Manthorne, David J.; Clow, David W.; Handran, Heather M.; Winterringer, Jesse A.; Campbell, Donald H.

2004-01-01

During spring 2002, the chemical composition of annual snowpacks in the Rocky Mountain region of the Western United States was analyzed. Snow samples were collected at 75 geographically distributed sites extending from New Mexico to Montana. Near the end of the 2002 snowfall season, the snow-water equivalent (SWE) in annual snowpacks sampled generally was below average in most of the region. Regional patterns in the concentrations of major ions (including ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate), mercury, and stable sulfur isotope ratios are presented. The 2002 snowpack chemistry in the region differed from the previous year. Snowpack ammonium concentrations were higher at 66 percent of sites in Montana compared to concentrations in the 2001 snowpack but were lower at 74 percent of sites in Wyoming, Colorado, and New Mexico. Nitrate was lower at all Montana sites and lower at all but one Wyoming site; nitrate was higher at all but two Colorado sites and higher at all New Mexico sites. Sulfate was lower across the region at 77 percent of sites. The range of mercury concentrations for the region was similar to those of 2001 but showed more variability than ammonium, nitrate, and sulfate concentrations. Concentrations of stable sulfur isotope ratios exhibited a strong regional pattern with values increasing northward from southern Colorado to northern Colorado and Wyoming.

Centrosome Defects, Genetic Instability and Breast Cancer Progression

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-08-01

and is associated with cell cycle progression. Primary cilia loss is thought to be the cause of polycystic kidney disease, a condition in which kidney...polycyctin2 which is also implicated in polycystic kidney disease (Pazour, Baker et al. 2002; Pazour anrd Rosenbaum 2002; Pazour, San Agustin et al. 2002...1941-51. Pazour, G. J. (2004). "Intraflagellar transport and cilia-dependent renal disease: the ciliary hypothesis of polycystic kidney disease." J

Monitoring of diamondback moth (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae) resistance to spinosad, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate.

PubMed

Zhao, J Z; Collins, H L; Li, Y X; Mau, R F L; Thompson, G D; Hertlein, M; Andaloro, J T; Boykin, R; Shelton, A M

2006-02-01

Six to nine populations of the diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.), were collected annually from fields of crucifer vegetables in the United States and Mexico from 2001 to 2004 for baseline susceptibility tests and resistance monitoring to spinosad, indoxacarb, and emamectin benzoate. A discriminating concentration for resistance monitoring to indoxacarb and emamectin benzoate was determined based on baseline data in 2001 and was used in the diagnostic assay for each population in 2002-2004 together with a discriminating concentration for spinosad determined previously. Most populations were susceptible to all three insecticides, but a population from Hawaii in 2003 showed high levels of resistance to indoxacarb. Instances of resistance to spinosad occurred in Hawaii (2000), Georgia (2001), and California (2002) as a consequence of a few years of extensive applications in each region. The collaborative monitoring program between university and industry scientists we discuss in this article has provided useful information to both parties as well as growers who use the products. These studies provide a baseline for developing a more effective resistance management program for diamondback moth.

Snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) as bioindicators in Canadian areas of concern in the Great Lakes Basin. II. Changes in hatching success and hatchling deformities in relation to persistent organic pollutants.

PubMed

de Solla, S R; Fernie, K J; Ashpole, S

2008-06-01

Hatching success and deformities in snapping turtle hatchlings (Chelydra serpentina) were evaluated using eggs collected from 14 sites in the Canadian lower Great Lakes, including Areas of Concern (AOC), between 2001 and 2004. Eggs were analyzed for PCBs, PBDEs, and pesticides. Between 2002 and 2004, hatchling deformity rates were highest in two AOCs (18.3-28.3%) compared to the reference sites (5.3-11.3%). Hatching success was poorest in three AOCs (71.3-73.1%) compared to the reference sites (86.0-92.7%). Hatching success and deformity rates were generally poorer in 2001 compared to 2002-2004, irrespective of the study location and could be due to egg handling stress in 2001. Hatching success and deformities were generally worst from the Wheatley Harbour, St. Lawrence River (Cornwall), Detroit River, and Hamilton Harbour AOCs. Associations between contaminant burdens with embryonic development were sufficiently poor that the biological relevance is questionable. Stressors not measured may have contributed to development abnormalities.

Southern Peru desert shattered by the great 2001 earthquake: Implications for paleoseismic and paleo-El Nino-Southern Oscillation records

USGS Publications Warehouse

Keefer, David K.; Moseley, Michael E.

2004-01-01

In the desert region around the coastal city of Ilo, the great southern Peru earthquake of June 23, 2001 (8.2-8.4 moment magnitude), produced intense and widespread ground-failure effects. These effects included abundant landslides, pervasive ground cracking, microfracturing of surficial hillslope materials, collapse of drainage banks over long stretches, widening of hillside rills, and lengthening of first-order tributary channels. We have coined the term "shattered landscape" to describe the severity of these effects. Long-term consequences of this landscape shattering are inferred to include increased runoff and sediment transport during postearthquake rainstorms. This inference was confirmed during the first minor postearthquake rainstorm there, which occurred in June and July of 2002. Greater amounts of rainfall in this desert region have historically been associated with El Nin??o events. Previous studies of an unusual paleoflood deposit in this region have concluded that it is the product of El Nin??o-generated precipitation falling on seismically disturbed landscapes. The effects of the 2001 earthquake and 2002 rainstorm support that conclusion.

Comparison of the USGS 2001 NLCD to the 2002 USDA Census of Agriculture for the Upper Midwest United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Maxwell, S.K.; Wood, E.C.; Janus, A.

2008-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) 2001 National Land Cover Database (NLCD) was compared to the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) 2002 Census of Agriculture. We compared areal estimates for cropland at the state and county level for 14 States in the Upper Midwest region of the United States. Absolute differences between the NLCD and Census cropland areal estimates at the state level ranged from 1.3% (Minnesota) to 37.0% (Wisconsin). The majority of counties (74.5%) had differences of less than 100 km2. 7.2% of the counties had differences of more than 200 km2. Regions where the largest areal differences occurred were in southern Illinois, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wisconsin, and generally occurred in areas with the lowest proportions of cropland (i.e., dominated by forest or grassland). Before using the 2001 NLCD for agricultural applications, such as mapping of specific crop types, users should be aware of the potential for misclassification errors, especially where the proportion of cropland to other land cover types is fairly low.

Terrorism preparedness in state health departments--United States, 2001-2003.

PubMed

2003-10-31

The anthrax attacks in fall 2001 highlighted the role of infectious disease (ID) epidemiologists in terrorism preparedness and response. Beginning in 2002, state health departments (SHDs) received approximately 1 billion dollars in new federal funding to prepare for and respond to terrorism, infectious disease outbreaks, and other public health threats and emergencies. This funding is being used in part to improve epidemiologic and surveillance capabilities. To determine how states have used a portion of their new funding to increase ID epidemiology capacity, the Iowa Department of Public Health's Center for Acute Disease Epidemiology and the Iowa State University Department of Microbiology conducted two surveys of U.S. state epidemiologists during September 2000-August 2001 and October 2002-June 2003. This report summarizes the results of these surveys, which determined that although the number of SHD epidemiology workers assigned to ID and terrorism preparedness increased by 132%, concerns remained regarding the ability of SHDs to hire qualified personnel. These findings underscore the need to develop additional and more diverse training venues for current and future ID epidemiologists.

Trends in socioeconomic inequalities in preventable mortality in urban areas of 33 Spanish cities, 1996-2007 (MEDEA project).

PubMed

Nolasco, Andreu; Moncho, Joaquin; Quesada, Jose Antonio; Melchor, Inmaculada; Pereyra-Zamora, Pamela; Tamayo-Fonseca, Nayara; Martínez-Beneito, Miguel Angel; Zurriaga, Oscar; Ballesta, Mónica; Daponte, Antonio; Gandarillas, Ana; Domínguez-Berjón, M Felicitas; Marí-Dell'Olmo, Marc; Gotsens, Mercè; Izco, Natividad; Moreno, M Concepción; Sáez, Marc; Martos, Carmen; Sánchez-Villegas, Pablo; Borrell, Carme

2015-04-01

Preventable mortality is a good indicator of possible problems to be investigated in the primary prevention chain, making it also a useful tool with which to evaluate health policies particularly public health policies. This study describes inequalities in preventable avoidable mortality in relation to socioeconomic status in small urban areas of thirty three Spanish cities, and analyses their evolution over the course of the periods 1996-2001 and 2002-2007. We analysed census tracts and all deaths occurring in the population residing in these cities from 1996 to 2007 were taken into account. The causes included in the study were lung cancer, cirrhosis, AIDS/HIV, motor vehicle traffic accidents injuries, suicide and homicide. The census tracts were classified into three groups, according their socioeconomic level. To analyse inequalities in mortality risks between the highest and lowest socioeconomic levels and over different periods, for each city and separating by sex, Poisson regression were used. Preventable avoidable mortality made a significant contribution to general mortality (around 7.5%, higher among men), having decreased over time in men (12.7 in 1996-2001 and 10.9 in 2002-2007), though not so clearly among women (3.3% in 1996-2001 and 2.9% in 2002-2007). It has been observed in men that the risks of death are higher in areas of greater deprivation, and that these excesses have not modified over time. The result in women is different and differences in mortality risks by socioeconomic level could not be established in many cities. Preventable mortality decreased between the 1996-2001 and 2002-2007 periods, more markedly in men than in women. There were socioeconomic inequalities in mortality in most cities analysed, associating a higher risk of death with higher levels of deprivation. Inequalities have remained over the two periods analysed. This study makes it possible to identify those areas where excess preventable mortality was associated with more deprived zones. It is in these deprived zones where actions to reduce and monitor health inequalities should be put into place. Primary healthcare may play an important role in this process.

Temporal variability of benzene concentration in the ambient air of Delhi: a comparative assessment of pre- and post-CNG periods.

PubMed

Khillare, P S; Hoque, Raza Rafiqul; Shridhar, Vijay; Agarwal, Tripti; Balachandran, S

2008-06-15

CNG (compressed natural gas) was fully implemented in public transport system in Delhi in December 2002. The study assesses the benzene concentration trends at two busy traffic intersections and a background site in Delhi, India. Monitoring was done for two different time periods viz; in the year 2001-2002 (pre-CNG) and two winter months (January and February) of the year 2007 (post-CNG) to assess the impact of various policy measures adopted by the government of Delhi to improve the air quality in the city. Annual average benzene concentration for the pre-CNG period was found to be 86.47+/-53.24 microg m(-3). Average benzene concentrations for the winter months (January-February) of pre- and post-CNG periods were 116.32+/-51.65 microg m(-3) and 187.49+/-22.50 microg m(-3), respectively. Enhanced values could be solely attributed to the increase in the vehicular population from 3.5 million in the year 2001-2002 to approximately 5.1 millions in the year 2007.

Water-Resources Investigations in Wisconsin, 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hueschen, K. A.; Jones, S.Z.; Fuller, J.A.

2002-01-01

Runoff for rivers in the state ranged from 67 percent of the average annual runoff (1964–2001) at the Kewaunee River site in the northeast part of the state to 160 percent of the average annual runoff (1944–2001) at the Eau Galle River at Spring Valley site in the west central part of the state. Departures of runoff in the 2001 water year as a percent of long-term average runoff in the state (determined using stations with drainage areas greater than 150 square miles and at least 20 years of record) are shown in figure 4.

U.S. GOVERNMENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: FY 2001 Results Highlight the Continuing Need to Accelerate Federal Financial Management Reform

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-04-09

consolidated financial statements for fiscal years 2001 and 2000. Both the consolidated financial statements and this report are included in the fiscal year 2001 Financial Report of the United States Government, which was issued by the Department of the Treasury (Treasury) on March 29, 2002, and is available through GAO’s Internet site, at www.gao.gov. Work by the subcommittee has been a catalyst to facilitate government management reform over the past 5 years and will be critical to ultimately restoring the confidence of

Time trends of technology mediated communication with friends among bullied and not bullied children in four Nordic countries between 2001 and 2010.

PubMed

Bjereld, Y; Daneback, K; Löfstedt, P; Bjarnason, T; Tynjälä, J; Välimaa, R; Petzold, M

2017-05-01

Friends are important in childhood and adolescence, especially to bullied children. Technology mediated communication (TMC) could be used both to develop and maintain friendship. The present study examined (1) trends in the use of TMC with friends between 2001 and 2010; (2) possible differences between bullied and not bullied children and (3) differences between children with few close friends and children with several close friends. Data were obtained from three waves of the serial cross-sectional Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children survey conducted in Denmark, Finland, Iceland and Sweden during 2001/2002, 2005/2006 and 2009/2010. The total sample consisted of 65 953 children aged 11, 13 and 15. Two trends were observed. The first trend showed an increased use of TMC in all countries. Children that were not bullied and/or had several close friends had increased their use of TMC with friends from 2001 to 2010. The second trend was applicable only for bullied children with few close friends; they had not as other children increased their use of TMC and thus remained at the same levels as in 2001/2002. Bullied children with few close friends were excluded from communication forums that usually allow children to maintain and develop friendships. This is a concern because friends are important during childhood and adolescence, especially for bullied children. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Library Research and Statistics. Research on Libraries and Librarianship in 2002; Number of Libraries in the United States and Canada; Highlights of NCES Surveys; Library Acquisition Expenditures, 2001-2002: U.S. Public, Academic, Special, and Government Libraries; LJ Budget Report: A Precarious Holding Pattern; Price Indexes for Public and Academic Libraries; Library Buildings 2002: The Building Buck Doesn't Stop Here.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynch, Mary Jo; Oder, Norman; Halstead, Kent; Fox, Bette-Lee

2003-01-01

Includes seven reports that discuss research on libraries and librarianship, including academic, public, and school libraries; awards and grants; number of libraries in the United States and Canada; National Center for Education Statistics results; library expenditures for public, academic, special, and government libraries; library budgets; price…

2001 Kansas traffic accident facts

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

The accident data herein, as of January 1, 2002, reflect the reporting officers : observations and opinions recorded on the KDOT forms: : 850- Motor Vehicle Accident Report : 851- Investigative-Fatality Report : 852- Truck-Bus Supplement

Abortion surveillance--United States, 2003.

PubMed

Strauss, Lilo T; Gamble, Sonya B; Parker, Wilda Y; Cook, Douglas A; Zane, Suzanne B; Hamdan, Saeed

2006-11-24

CDC began abortion surveillance in 1969 to document the number and characteristics of women obtaining legal induced abortions. This report summarizes and describes data voluntarily reported to CDC regarding legal induced abortions obtained in the United States in 2003. For each year since 1969, CDC has compiled abortion data by state or area of occurrence. During 1973-1997, data were received from or estimated for 52 reporting areas in the United States: 50 states, the District of Columbia, and New York City. In 1998 and 1999, CDC compiled abortion data from 48 reporting areas. Alaska, California, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma did not report, and data for these states were not estimated. During 2000-2002, Oklahoma again reported these data, increasing the number of reporting areas to 49, and for 2003, Alaska again reported and West Virginia did not, maintaining the number of reporting areas at 49. A total of 848,163 legal induced abortions were reported to CDC for 2003 from 49 reporting areas, representing a 0.7% decline from the 854,122 legal induced abortions reported by 49 reporting areas for 2002. The abortion ratio, defined as the number of abortions per 1,000 live births, was 241 in 2003, a decrease from the 246 in 2002. The abortion rate was 16 per 1,000 women aged 15-44 years for 2003, the same as for 2002. For the same 47 reporting areas, the abortion rate remained relatively constant during 1998-2003. During 2001-2002 (the most recent years for which data are available), 15 women died as a result of complications from known legal induced abortion. One death was associated with known illegal abortion. The highest percentages of reported abortions were for women who were unmarried (82%), white (55%), and aged <25 years (51%). Of all abortions for which gestational age was reported, 61% were performed at < or =8 weeks' gestation and 88% at <13 weeks. From 1992 (when detailed data regarding early abortions were first collected) through 2002, steady increases have occurred in the percentage of abortions performed at < or =6 weeks' gestation, with a slight decline in 2003. A limited number of abortions were obtained at >15 weeks' gestation, including 4.2% at 16--20 weeks and 1.4% at > or =21 weeks. A total of 36 reporting areas submitted data documenting that they performed and enumerated medical (nonsurgical) procedures, making up 8.0% of all known reported procedures from the 45 areas with adequate reporting on type of procedure. During 1990-1997, the number of legal induced abortions gradually declined. When the same 47 reporting areas are compared, the number of abortions decreased during 1996-2001, then slightly increased in 2002 and again decreased in 2003. In 2000 and 2001, even with one additional reporting state, the number of abortions declined slightly, with a minimal increase in 2002 and a further decrease in 2003. In 2001 and 2002, as in the previous years, deaths related to legal induced abortions occurred rarely. Abortion surveillance in the United States continues to provide the data necessary for examining trends in numbers and characteristics of women who obtain legal induced abortions and to increase understanding of this pregnancy outcome. Policymakers and program planners use these data to improve the health and well-being of women and infants.

Reducing adolescent clients' anger in a residential substance abuse treatment facility.

PubMed

Adelman, Robert; McGee, Patricia; Power, Robert; Hanson, Cathy

2005-06-01

Sundown Ranch, a residential behavioral health care treatment facility for adolescents, tracked the progress and results of treatment by selecting performance measures from a psychosocial screening inventory. The temper scale was one of the two highest scales at admission and the highest scale at discharge. A clinical performance improvement (PI) project was conducted to assess improvements in clients' ability to manage anger after the incorporation of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) into treatment. Eighteen months of baseline data (July 1, 1999 - February 1, 2001) were collected, and 20 months of data (May 1, 2001 - December 31, 2002) were collected after the introduction of the PI activity. In all, data were collected for 541 consecutive admissions. A comparison of five successive quarterly reviews indicated average scores of 1.4 standard deviations (SDs) above the mean on the temper scale before the PI activity and .45 SD above the mean after. The performance threshold of reduction of the average temper scale score to < or =1 SD was met for 17 of 20 months. The fact that the PI activity reduced the temper scale elevations by almost one full SD is highly suggestive of the efficacy of REBT with the treatment population. After the project was completed, REBT was promoted as an additional therapeutic modality within the treatment program.

Schistosomiasis control in China: the impact of a 10-year World Bank Loan Project (1992-2001).

PubMed Central

Xianyi, Chen; Liying, Wang; Jiming, Cai; Xiaonong, Zhou; Jiang, Zheng; Jiagang, Guo; Xiaohua, Wu; Engels, D.; Minggang, Chen

2005-01-01

China has been carrying out large-scale schistosomiasis control since the mid-1950s, but in the early 1990s, schistosomiasis was still endemic in eight provinces. A World Bank Loan Project enabled further significant progress to be made during the period 1992-2001. The control strategy was focused on the large-scale use of chemotherapy -- primarily to reinforce morbidity control -- while at the same time acting on transmission with the ultimate goal of interrupting it. Chemotherapy was complemented by health education, chemical control of snails and environmental modification where appropriate. A final evaluation in 2002 showed that infection rates in humans and livestock had decreased by 55% and 50%, respectively. The number of acute infections and of individuals with advanced disease had also significantly decreased. Although snail infection rates continued to fluctuate at a low level, the densities of infected snails had decreased by more than 75% in all endemic areas. The original objectives of the China World Bank Loan Project for schistosomiasis control had all been met. One province, Zhejiang, had already fulfilled the criteria for elimination of schistosomiasis by 1995. The project was therefore a success and has provided China with a sound basis for further control. PMID:15682248

2002 Toxic Chemical Release Inventory Report for the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act of 1986, Title III, Section 313

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

M. Stockton

2003-11-01

For reporting year 2002, Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL or the Laboratory) submitted Form R reports for lead compounds and mercury as required under the Emergency Planning and Community Right-to-Know Act (EPCRA), Section 313. No other EPCRA Section 313 chemicals were used in 2002 above the reportable thresholds. This document was prepared to provide a description of the evaluation of EPCRA Section 313 chemical usage and threshold determinations for LANL for calendar year 2002 as well as provide background information about the data included on the Form R reports. Section 313 of EPCRA specifically requires facilities to submit a Toxicmore » Chemical Release Inventory report (Form R) to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and state agencies if the owners and operators manufacture, process, or otherwise use any of the listed toxic chemicals above listed threshold quantities. EPA compiles this data in the Toxic Release Inventory database. Form R reports for each chemical over threshold quantities must be submitted on or before July 1 each year and must cover activities that occurred at the facility during the previous year. In 1999 EPA promulgated a final rule on Persistent Bioaccumulative Toxics (PBTs). This rule added several chemicals to the EPCRA Section 313 list of toxic chemicals and established lower reporting thresholds for these and other PBT chemicals that were already reportable under EPCRA Section 313. These lower thresholds became applicable in reporting year 2000. In 2001, EPA expanded the PBT rule to include a lower reporting threshold for lead and lead compounds. Facilities that manufacture, process, or otherwise use more than 100 lb of lead or lead compounds must submit a Form R.« less

iss031e148455

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-06-21

ISS031-E-148455 (21 June 2012) --- Toshka Lakes in southern Egypt are featured in this image photographed by an Expedition 31 crew member on the International Space Station. The Toshka Lakes (center) were formed in the Sahara Desert of Egypt by water from the River Nile conveyed from Lake Nasser by a canal to the Toshka Depression. Flooding of the Toshka Depression had created the four main lakes with a maximum surface area in 2002 of approximately 1,450 square kilometers ? around 25.26 billion cubic meters of water. By 2006 the stored water was reduced by 50 per cent and by 2012 shows open water only in the lowest parts of the main western and eastern basins?representing a reduction in surface area to 307 square kilometers?nearly 80 per cent smaller than the 2002 surface area. Standing water is almost completely absent from the central basin. From space, astronauts documented the first lake?the easternmost one?in 1998. The lakes progressively grew in depressions to the west, the westernmost filling between 2000 and 2001. This image shows lines of center-point agricultural fields near the east-basin lake nearest Lake Nasser. Sunglint on the western lake makes the water surface appear both light and dark, depending on which parts of the surface were ruffled by the wind at the moment the image was taken.

Assessing Group Dynamics in a Mars Simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bishop, S. L.

2007-10-01

International interest in psychosocial functioning generally and issues of group and inter-group function for space crews has increased as focus has shifted towards longer duration spaceflight and, particularly, the issues involved in sending a human crew to Mars (Kanas, et al., 2001; Dawson, 2002). Planning documents for a human mission to Mars such as the NASA Design Reference Mission (DRM 1.0) emphasize the need for adaptability of crewmembers and autonomy in the crew as a whole (Hoffman and Kaplan, 1997). Similarly a major study by the International Space University (ISU, 1991) emphasized the need for autonomy and initiative for a Mars crew given that many of the scenarios that will be encountered on Mars cannot be rehearsed on earth and given the lack of any realistic possibility for rescue of the crew. This research project was only one subset of data collected during the larger AustroMars Expedition at the Mars Desert Research Facility (MDRS) in 2006. The participating crew comprises part of a multi-year investigation on teams utilizing the MDRS facility. The program of research has included numerous researchers since 2002 with a progressive evolution of key foci addressing stress, personality, coping, adaptation, cognitive functioning, and group identity assessed across the duration period of the individual missions.

Protection of mice from oral Candidiasis by heat-killed enterococcus faecalis, possibly through its direct binding to Candida albicans.

PubMed

Ishijima, Sanae A; Hayama, Kazumi; Ninomiya, Kentaro; Iwasa, Masahiro; Yamazaki, Masatoshi; Abe, Shigeru

2014-01-01

To develop a new therapy against oral candidiasis, a commensal microorganism, Enterococcus faecalis was tested for its ability to modulate Candida growth in vitro and its therapeutic activities against a murine model in vivo. Addition of heat-killed E. faecalis strain EF2001 (EF2001) isolated from healthy human feces to the culture of C. albicans strain TIMM1768 inhibited adherence of the latter to a microtiter plate in a dose dependent manner and Candida cells surrounded by EF2001 were increased. To examine the protective activities of EF2001 in vivo, heat-killed EF2001 was applied orally before and after inoculation of Candida to the tongue of mice previously immunosuppressed. Two days after inoculation this inoculation, both the symptom score and CFU from swabbed-tongue were significantly reduced in the EF2001-treated animals. Histological analysis indicated that EF2001 may potentiate the accumulation of polymorphnuclear cells near a Candida-infected region. These results suggest that oral administration of EF2001 has protective activity against oral candidiasis and that the in vivo activity may be reflected by direct interaction between EF2001 and Candida cells in vitro and the potentiation of an immunostimulatory effect of EF2001.

Hood River Fish Habitat Project; Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon, Annual Report 2001-2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vaivoda, Alexis

2003-11-01

This report summarizes the project implementation and monitoring of all habitat activities that occurred over Fiscal Year 2002 (FY 02). Some of the objectives in the corresponding statement of work for this contract were not completed within FY 02. A description of the progress during FY 02 and reasoning for deviation from the original tasks and timeline are given. OBJECTIVE 1--Provide coordination of all activities, administrative oversight and assist in project implementation and monitoring activities. Administration oversight and coordination of the habitat statement of work, budget, subcontracts and personnel was provided. OBJECTIVE 2--Develop, coordinate, and implement the Hood River Fishmore » Habitat Protection, Restoration, and Monitoring Plan. The Hood River Fish Habitat Protection, Restoration, and Monitoring Plan was completed in 2000 (Coccoli et al., 2000). This document is utilized for many purposes including: drafting the Watershed Action Plan, ranking projects for funding, and prioritizing projects to target in the future. This document was updated and revised to reflect changes to fish habitat and needs in the Hood River basin based upon other documents and actions taken in the basin. OBJECTIVE 3--Assist Middle Fork Irrigation District in developing an alternative irrigation water source on Evans Creek (Hutson pond and Evans Creek diversion), eliminating the need for irrigation diversion dams which happen to be partial fish barriers. Upon completion, this project will restore 2.5 miles of access for winter steelhead, coho salmon, and resident trout habitat. This objective was revised and included in the FY 03 Statement of Work for Project No. 1998-021-00. During FY 02 the final engineering was completed on this project. However, due to a lengthy permitting process and NMFS consultation, this project was inadvertently delayed. Project completion is expected in July 2003. OBJECTIVE 4--Assist the Farmers Irrigation District (FID) in construction and installation of a new fish screen and bypass system on the mainstem Hood River (Farmers Canal). Final engineering and design for the horizontal screen was completed during the winter of 2001. In December 2001 and January 2002, the concrete work was completed and the head gates were mounted. During the spring the secondary head level control gates were installed. In September 2002, the jersey barriers and vortex tubes were installed. These are located upstream of the old drum screen, and are the primary means of dealing with bedload and suspended load from the diversion. The screen surface was also installed in September 2002 and the system accommodated water soon after. Monitoring of these structures in regards to efficiency and possible effects to fish migration is scheduled to occur in spring 2003. The transition from the old canal to the new screen is smooth and currently does not present any problems. The old drum screen is going to remain in place until all the biological and hydrological monitoring is complete to ensure compliance and satisfaction of all agencies involved. OBJECTIVE 5--Assist the East Fork Irrigation District (EFID) in final engineering design and construction of the Central Lateral Canal upgrade and invert siphon. This objective was revised and included in the FY 03 Statement of Work for Project No. 1998-021-00. During FY 02, a significant portion of the engineering and design work was completed on the EFID Central Lateral Canal upgrade and invert siphon. There were some changes in canal alignment that required further design work and easement acquisition. Time was also spent looking for matching funds and securing a loan by the EFID. Construction initiation is now scheduled for summer 2003. OBJECTIVE 6--Modify and/or eliminate five culverts, three on Baldwin Creek, one on Graham Creek, and one on Evans Creek, which function as barriers to upstream and downstream fish migration. This objective was revised and included in the FY 03 Statement of Work for Project No. 1998-021-00. There are only two culverts on Baldwin Creek that will be eliminated or modified. Work was initiated on the removal of one of these culverts, and the replacement of the other. The landowner was agreeable and NEPA was initiated. The modification/elimination of these culverts is scheduled for FY 04. The culvert on Graham Creek is a county road, and will be addressed as a fish passage barrier by Hood River County. The Evans Creek culvert was prepared for modification in FY 02, however due to a lengthy permitting process the instream work period was missed. This project is on the schedule for the instream work period of 2003. OBJECTIVE 7--Construct riparian fence to stabilize and improve the riparian zone along the East Fork Hood River and tributaries. Two riparian fencing projects were completed on East Fork Hood River tributaries. The first was on Baldwin Creek, and the second was on Shelly Creek.« less

What Role Should Education Play in the Aftermath of September 11, 2001: Perspectives from Kenya, South Korea, Taiwan, and the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheng, Sheng Yao; Jacob, W. James; Kim, Hyo-Jung; Mukudi, Edith; Portnoi, Laura; Yoo, Sung Sang

The terrible disaster on September 11, 2001 is a poignant event people from all over the globe will discuss for years to come. The impact of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center (New York) and the Pentagon (Washington, DC) not only hindered an ailing U.S. economy, but also rocked the global market system. In 2002, there surfaced more…

A Survey of the Invasive Aquatic and Riparian Plants of the Low Rio Grande

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-04-01

many areas. In 2001 and 2003, surveys were conducted starting below Amistad Reservoir to immediately below Falcon Reservoir to assess the...River were surveyed from Amistad Reservoir to Anzulduas Dam for the presence of hydrilla and other invasive aquatic weed species (Grodowitz et al...to difficulties in accessing the river. During the 2001 survey, hydrilla was found in Amistad Reservoir and below Falcon Reservoir. In August 2002

Physics of Colloids in Space: Microgravity Experiment Launched, Installed, and Activated on the International Space Station

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Doherty, Michael P.

2002-01-01

The Physics of Colloids in Space (PCS) experiment is a Microgravity Fluids Physics investigation that is presently located in an Expedite the Process of Experiments to Space Station (EXPRESS) Rack on the International Space Station. PCS was launched to the International Space Station on April 19, 2001, activated on May 31, 2001, and will continue to operate about 90 hr per week through May 2002.

2002 IDA Cost Research Symposium: Estimating the Costs of Transforming U.S. Military Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-08-01

FY00 billing rates for the following contractors and locations: Lockheed- Martin (Fort Worth, Palmdale, and Marietta ), Boeing (Puget Sound, Southern...2001 “Econometric Modeling of Acquisition Category I Systems at the Lockheed- Martin Plant in Marietta , Georgia,” IDA Paper P-3590, July 2001...Improvement Group (CAIG) in the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) provides independent cost estimates and reports on life-cycle costs of major

Transportation security papers : 2002

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-01-01

Passenger transportation usually receives more attention for safety and security than freight transportation, and since the tragic events that occurred on September 11th, 2001, passenger air transportation has been receiving a great deal of attention...

Promotional materials clearinghouse, year 5 final report 2001-2002

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-10-01

The Promotional Materials Clearinghouse is a participant-driven undertaking. All materials currently archived at the Clearinghouse were solicited from transit systems and transportation demand management (TDM) agencies nationwide with marketing manag...

Public education in developing countries on the occasions of eclipses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pasachoff, Jay M.

Total solar eclipses will cross southern Africa on June 21, 2001, and on December 4, 2002. Most of Africa will see partial phases. The total phase of the 2001 eclipse will be visible from parts of Angola, Zambia, Zimbabwe, Mozambique and Madagascar. The total phase of the 2002 eclipse will be visible from parts of Angola, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa and Mozambique. Public education must be undertaken to tell the people how to look at the eclipse safely. We can take advantage of having the attention of the people and of news media to teach about not only eclipses but also the rest of astronomy. I am Chair of a "Public Education at Eclipses" subcommission of IAU Commission 46 on the Teaching of Astronomy, and we are able to advise educators and others about materials, procedures and information releases.

Flightless and post-molt survival and movements of female mallards molting in Klamath Basin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fleskes, Joseph P.; Mauser, David M.; Yee, Julie L.; Blehert, David S.; Yarris, Gregory S.

2010-01-01

Flightless and post-molt survival and movements were studied during August-May, 2001-2002, 2002- 2003 and 2006-2007 for 181 adult female Mallards (Anas platyrhynchos). Birds were radiotagged just before or early in their flightless period on four wetlands that differed in size on Klamath Basin (KB) National Wildlife Refuge complex. Flightless survival varied among years but was higher on two larger than two smaller wetlands; 30-day survival ranged from 11% (SE = 6.5%) on a small wetland in 2006 to 93% (SE = 6.5%) on a large wetland in 2001, and averaged 76.8% (SE = 6.1%). Most flightless mortality was from avian botulism (64%) and predation (26%). Of the 81 radiotagged Mallards that did not die in KB, 80% moved to the Central Valley of California (CVCA) before 31 January, 16% wintered in unknown areas, and 4% remained in KB through 31 January. Mallards departed KB 21 August-13 January (average: 11 Nov 2001, 25 Oct 2002, 19 Nov 2006). Post-molt survival during August-March in KB (20.7%, SE = 6.3%) was lower than in CVCA during this (62.9%, SE = 10.1%) and an earlier study. Survival in KB was consistently high only for females that molted in large permanent marshes, and although the impact of poor survival of molting females on Mallard population dynamics is unknown, KB water management plans should be developed that maintain these habitats.

Specific-conductance, water-temperature, and water-level data, San Francisco Bay, California, for water years 2001-2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buchanan, P.A.

2003-01-01

This article presents time-series plots of specific-conductance, water-temperature, and water-level data collected in San Francisco Bay during water years 2001 and 2002 (October 1, 2000, through September 30, 2002). Specific-conductance and water-temperature data were recorded at 15-minute intervals at the following US Geological Survey (USGS) locations (Figure 1): • Suisun Bay at Benicia Bridge, near Benicia, California (BEN) (site # 11455780) • Carquinez Strait at Carquinez Bridge, near Crockett, California (CARQ) (site # 11455820) • Napa River at Mare Island Causeway, near Vallejo, California (NAP) (site # 11458370) • San Pablo Strait at Point San Pablo, California (PSP) (site # 11181360) • San Pablo Bay at Petaluma River Channel Marker 9, California (SPB) (site # 380519122262901) • San Francisco Bay at Presidio Military Reservation, California (PRES) (site # 11162690) • San Francisco Bay at Pier 24, at San Francisco, California (P24) (site # 11162700) • San Francisco Bay at San Mateo Bridge, near Foster City, California (SMB) (site # 11162765). Water-level data were recorded only at PSP through January 1, 2001. Suspended-sediment concentration data also were collected at most of these sites and were published by Buchanan and Ganju (2003). The data from PSP, PRES, P24, and SMB were recorded by the California Department of Water Resources (DWR) before 1988, by the USGS National Research Program from 1988 to 1989, and by the USGSDWR cooperative program since 1990. BEN, CARQ, NAP, and SPB were established in 1998 by the USGS.

Early marine growth of pink salmon in Prince William Sound and the coastal gulf of Alaska during years of low and high survival

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cross, A.D.; Beauchamp, D.A.; Myers, K.W.; Moss, J.H.

2008-01-01

Although early marine growth has repeatedly been correlated with overall survival in Pacific salmon Oncorhynchus spp., we currently lack a mechanistic understanding of smolt-to-adult survival. Smolt-to-adult survival of pink salmon O. gorbuscha returning to Prince William Sound was lower than average for juveniles that entered marine waters in 2001 and 2003 (3% in both years), and high for those that entered the ocean in 2002 (9%) and 2004 (8%). We used circulus patterns from scales to determine how the early marine growth of juvenile pink salmon differed (1) seasonally during May-October, the period hypothesized to be critical for survival; (2) between years of low and high survival; and (3) between hatchery and wild fish. Juvenile pink salmon exhibited larger average size, migrated onto the continental shelf and out of the sampling area more quickly, and survived better during 2002 and 2004 than during 2001 and 2003. Pink salmon were consistently larger throughout the summer and early fall during 2002 and 2004 than during 2001 and 2003, indicating that larger, faster-growing juveniles experienced higher survival. Wild juvenile pink salmon were larger than hatchery fish during low-survival years, but no difference was observed during high-survival years. Differences in size among years were determined by some combination of growing conditions and early mortality, the strength of which could vary significantly among years. ?? Copyright by the American Fisheries Society 2008.

Electronics Industry Study Report: Semiconductors and Defense Electronics

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

Access Memory (DRAM) chips and microprocessors. Samsung , Micron, Hynix, and Infineon control almost three-fourths of the DRAM market,8 while Intel alone...Country 2001 Sales ($B) 2002 Sales ($B) % Change % 2002 Mkt 1 1 Intel U.S. 23.7 24.0 1% 16.9% 2 3 Samsung Semiconductor S. Korea 6.3...located in four major regions: the United States, Europe, Japan, and the Asia-Pacific region (includes South Korea, China, Singapore, Malaysia , Taiwan

Mitigating Stress, Workload, and Fatigue on the Electronic Battlefield

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-28

left up to graphic designers , marketers, and advertisers (Teague & Whitney, 2002). Such research relies on focus groups and samples of opinion as to...cont. • Previous Research on Menu Design – Color coding • Tullis, 1981; Yeh & Wickens 2001 – Grouping • Kahneman & Henick, 1977; Winzenz, 1972... research (Sheridan, 2002). The issue of control is a vital one since it is evident that we still design as though the machine system is to react

Mission Plan for the Mars Surveyor 2001 Orbiter and Lander

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plaut, J. J.; Spencer, D. A.

1999-01-01

The Mars Surveyor 2001 Project consists of two missions to Mars, an Orbiter and a Lander, both to be launched in the spring of 2001 for October 2001 (Orbiter) and January 2002 (Lander) arrival at Mars. The Orbiter will support the Lander mission primarily as a communications relay system; the Lander will not have direct-to-Earth communications capability. Science data collected from the Orbiter will also be used to aid in the geologic interpretation of the landing site, along with data from past missions. Combining the Orbiter and Lander missions into a single Project has enabled the streamlining of many activities and an efficient use of personnel and other resources at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory and at the spacecraft contractor, Lockheed Martin Astronautics.

Epidemiology of Cyclospora cayetanensis and other intestinal parasites in a community in Haiti.

PubMed

Lopez, Adriana S; Bendik, Jean M; Alliance, Jean Y; Roberts, Jacquelin M; da Silva, Alexandre J; Moura, Iaci N S; Arrowood, Michael J; Eberhard, Mark L; Herwaldt, Barbara L

2003-05-01

We conducted an exploratory investigation in a community in Haiti to determine the prevalence of Cyclospora cayetanensis infection and to identify potential risk factors for C. cayetanensis infection. In 2001, two cross-sectional stool surveys and a nested case-control study were conducted. In 2002, a follow-up cross-sectional stool survey was conducted among children < or =10 years of age. Stool specimens from study participants and water samples from their wells were examined for Cyclospora and other intestinal parasites. In stools, the prevalence of infection with Cyclospora in persons of all ages decreased from 12% (20 of 167 persons) in February 2001 to 1.1% (4 of 352 persons) in April 2001, a 90.8% decrease. For children < or =10 years of age, the prevalence rates were 22.5% (16 of 71 children) in February 2001, 3.0% (4 of 135 children) in April 2001, and 2.5% (2 of 81 children) in January 2002. Use of the water from the artesian well in the northern region of the community versus the one in the south was the only risk factor associated with Cyclospora infection in multivariate analyses (odds ratio, 18.5; 95% confidence interval, 2.4 to 143.1). The water sample from one of the nine wells or water sources tested (one sample per source) in January 2001, shortly before the investigation began, was positive for Cyclospora by UV fluorescence microscopy and PCR. None of the water samples from the 46 wells or water sources tested during the investigation (one sample per source per testing period, including the artesian wells) were positive for Cyclospora. Further studies are needed to assess the role of water as a possible risk factor for Cyclospora infection in Haiti and other developing countries.

Efficacy of a glycoprotein DNA vaccine against viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS) in Pacific herring, Clupea pallasii Valenciennes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hart, L.M.; Lorenzen, Niels; LaPatra, S.E.; Grady, C.A.; Roon, S.E.; O’Reilly, J.; Gregg, J.L.; Hershberger, P.K.

2012-01-01

Viral haemorrhagic septicaemia virus (VHSV) and its associated disease state, viral haemorrhagic septicaemia (VHS), is hypothesized to be a proximate factor accounting for the decline and failed recovery of Pacific herring populations in Prince William Sound, AK (Marty et al. 1998, 2003, 2010). Survivors of laboratory-induced VHSV epizootics develop resistance to subsequent viral exposure (Kocan et al. 2001; Hershberger et al. 2007, 2010), which is likely the result of immune system recognition of the viral glycoprotein (G) (Lecocq-Xhonneux et al. 1994), a surface antigen that contains neutralizing epitopes (Lorenzen, Olesen & Jorgensen 1990; Jørgensen et al. 1995) and cell attachment domains (Lecocq-Xhonneux et al. 1994; Estepa & Coll 1996). These properties have proven useful in the development of G-gene-based DNA vaccines for VHSV and a related rhabdovirus, infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) (Anderson et al. 1996; Heppell et al. 1998; Corbeil et al. 1999; Einer-Jensen et al. 2009). Rainbow trout fingerlings, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), vaccinated with 1 µg of either the VHS or IHN vaccine are protected from VHS when exposed to virus as early as 4 days (44 degree days) post-vaccination (p.v.) (Lorenzen et al. 2002). At later time points (80 days p.v.; 880 degree days), the level of cross-protection against VHS by IHN vaccination is either completely lost (60 days p.v.; 660 degree days) (3 g rainbow trout; 1 µg vaccine dose) (Lorenzen et al. 2002) or present at intermediate levels (6.5 g rainbow trout; 1 µg vaccine dose) (Einer-Jensen et al. 2009). Comparatively, VHS vaccination remains effective as long as 9 months (2520 degree days) p.v. (100 g rainbow trout; 0.5 µg vaccine dose) (McLauchlan et al. 2003). These results suggest that IHN and VHS vaccination activate a rapid transitory innate immune response against VHSV that is followed by long-term adaptive immunity in VHS-vaccinated trout (Lorenzen et al. 2002).

77 FR 50595 - Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Connecticut, Massachusetts, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-22

...-RO1-OAR-2008-0445; FRL-9672-5] Approval and Promulgation of Air Quality Implementation Plans; Connecticut, Massachusetts, and Rhode Island; Reasonable Further Progress Plans and 2002 Base Year Emission... revisions establish 2002 base year emission inventories and reasonable further progress emission reduction...

Evaluating the Effectiveness of New York City Health Policy Initiatives in Reducing Cardiovascular Disease Mortality, 1990-2011.

PubMed

Ong, Paulina; Lovasi, Gina S; Madsen, Ann; Van Wye, Gretchen; Demmer, Ryan T

2017-09-01

Beginning in 2002, New York City (NYC) implemented numerous policies and programs targeting cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Using death certificates, we analyzed trends in NYC-specific and US mortality rates from 1990 to 2011 for all causes, any CVD, atherosclerotic CVD (ACVD), coronary artery disease (CAD), and stroke. Joinpoint analyses quantified annual percent change (APC) and evaluated whether decreases in CVD mortality accelerated after 2002 in either NYC or the total US population. Our analyses included 1,149,217 NYC decedents. The rates of decline in mortality from all causes, any CVD, and stroke in NYC did not change after 2002. Among men, the decline in ACVD mortality accelerated during 2002-2011 (APC = -4.8%, 95% confidence interval (CI): -6.1, -3.4) relative to 1990-2001 (APC = -2.3%, 95% CI: -3.1, -1.5). Among women, ACVD rates began declining more rapidly in 1993 (APC = -3.2%, 95% CI: -3.8, -2.7) and again in 2006 (APC = -6.6%, 95% CI: -8.9, -4.3) as compared with 1990-1992 (APC = 1.6%, 95% CI: -2.7, 6.0). In the US population, no acceleration of mortality decline was observed in either ACVD or CAD mortality rates after 2002. Relative to 1990-2001, atherosclerotic CVD and CAD rates began to decline more rapidly during the 2002-2011 period in both men and women-a pattern not observed in the total US population, suggesting that NYC initiatives might have had a measurable influence on delaying or reducing ACVD mortality. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Imbalances in the knowledge about infant mental health in rich and poor countries: too little progress in bridging the gap.

PubMed

Tomlinson, Mark; Bornstein, Marc H; Marlow, Marguerite; Swartz, Leslie

2014-01-01

The vast majority of infants are born in poor countries, but most of our knowledge about infants and children has emerged from high-income countries. In 2003, M. Tomlinson and L. Swartz conducted a survey of articles on infancy between 1996 and 2001 from major international journals, reporting that a meager 5% of articles emanated from parts of the world other than North America, Europe, or Australasia. In this article, we conducted a similar review of articles on infancy published between 2002 and 2012 to assess whether the status of cross-national research has changed in the subsequent decade. Results indicate that despite slight improvements in research output from the rest of world, only 2.3% of articles published in 11 years included data from low- and middle-income countries--where 90% of the world's infants live. These discrepancies are indicative of the progress still needed to bridge the so-called 10/90 gap (S. Saxena, G. Paraje, P. Sharan, G. Karam, & R. Sadana,) in infant mental health research. Cross-national collaboration is urgently required to ensure expansion of research production in low-resource settings. © 2014 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.

Establishment of Lipolexis oregmae (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) in a classical biological control program directed against the brown citrus aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) in Florida

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Persad, A.B.; Hoy, M.A.; Ru Nguyen

The parasitoid Lipolexis oregmae Gahan (introduced as L. scutellaris Mackauer) was imported from Guam, evaluated in quarantine, mass reared, and released into citrus groves in Florida in a classical biological control program directed against the brown citrus aphid, Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy. Releases of 20,200, 12,100, and 1,260 adults of L. oregmae were made throughout Florida during 2000, 2001, and 2002, respectively. To determine if L. oregmae had successfully established, surveys were conducted throughout the state beginning in the summer of 2001 and continuing through the summer of 2003. Parasitism during 2001 and 2002 was evaluated by holding brown citrus aphidsmore » in the laboratory until parasitoid adults emerged. Lipolexis oregmae was found in 10 sites in 7 counties and 4 sites in 3 counties with parasitism rates ranging from 0.7 to 3.3% in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Laboratory tests indicated that high rates of mortality occurred if field-collected parasitized aphids were held in plastic bags, so a molecular assay was used that allowed immature L. oregmae to be detected within aphid hosts immediately after collection. The molecular assay was used in 2003 with the brown citrus aphids and with other aphid species collected from citrus, weeds, and vegetables near former release sites; immatures of L. oregmae were detected in black citrus aphids, cowpea aphids, spirea aphids, and melon aphids, as well as in the brown citrus aphid, in 4 of 8 counties sampled, with parasitism ranging from 2.0 to 12.9%, indicating that L. oregmae is established and widely distributed. Samples taken in Polk County during Oct 2005 indicated that L. oregmae has persisted. The ability of L. oregmae to parasitize other aphid species on citrus, and aphids on other host plants, enhances the ability of L. oregmae to persist when brown citrus aphid populations are low. (author) [Spanish] El parasitoide Lipolexis oregmae Gahan (introducido como L. scutellaris Mackauer) fue importado de Guam, evaluado en cuarentena, criado en masa y liberado en huertos de citricos en un programa de control biologico clasico dirigido contra el afido pardo de citricos, Toxoptera citricida Kirkaldy. Se hicieron liberaciones de 20,200, 12,100, y 1,260 adultos de L. oregmae a traves de la Florida durante los anos de 2000, 2001, y 2002, respectivamente. Para determinar si L. oregmae ha logrado en establecer, se realizaron sondeos a traves del estado empezando en el verano del 2001 y continuando hasta el final del verano del 2003. El parasitismo durante 2001 y 2002 fue evaluado con el mantenimiento de individuos del afido pardo de los citricos en el laboratorio hasta que los adultos emergieron. Lipolexis oregmae fue encontrado en 10 sitios en 7 condados y con tasas de parasitismo en 4 sitios en 3 condados entre 0.7 a 3.3% en el 2001 y 2002, respectivamente. Las pruebas del laboratorio indicaron que las tasas altas de mortalidad fueron posibles si los afidos con parasitos recolectados en el campo fueron mantenidos en bolsas plasticas, entonces un ensayo molecular fue usado con lo que permitio la deteccion de inmaduros de L. oregmae dentro de los hospederos de afidos inmediatamente despues de la recoleccion. El ensayo molecular fue usado en el 2003 con individuos del afido pardo de los citricos y con otras especies de afidos recolectados sobre citricos, malezas y hortalizas cerca de los sitios donde los parasitoides fueron liberados anteriormente; inmaduros de L. oregmae fueron detectados en individuos del afido negro de los citricos, el afido del caupi, el afido spirea y el afido del melon, ademas del afido pardo de los citricos en 4 de los 8 condados muestreados, con la tasa del parasitismo entre 2.0 a12.9%, indicando que L. oregmae estaba estabecido y ampliamente distribuido. Las muestras tomadas en el Condado de Polk durante octobre del 2005 indicaron que L. oregmae ha persistido. La capacidad de L. oregmae para parasitar otras especies de afidos sobre citricos y otros afidos sobre otras plantas hospederas, incrementa la capacidad de L. oregmae para persistir cuando las poblaciones del afido pardo de los citricos estan bajas. (author)« less

Report: Evaluation of Superfund Environmental Indicators

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #2002-P-3, December 27, 2001. Overall, the draft Superfund EIs were suitable because they measure a state of the environment, instead of marking the completion of an administrative step in the Superfund cleanup process.

U.S. business travel

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-10-01

Americans make more than 405 million long-distance business trips per year, : accounting for 16% of all long-distance travel, according to a : preliminary analysis of the National Household Travel Survey (NHTS). : Conducted from 2001 to 2002, the NHT...

An evaluation of surrogate chemical exposure measures and autism prevalence in Texas.

PubMed

Lewandowski, T A; Bartell, S M; Yager, J W; Levin, L

2009-01-01

There is currently considerable discussion in the scientific community as well as within the general public concerning the role mercury (Hg) exposures may play in the apparent increased incidence of neurodevelopmental disorders (particularly autism) in children. Although the primary focus of this debate has focused on ethylmercury from vaccinations, linkage to other sources of Hg has been proposed. An ecologic association between 2001 Toxic Release Inventory (TRI; www.epa.gov/tri) data for Hg and 2000-2001 school district autism prevalence was previously reported in Texas. Evaluations using industrial release data as surrogate exposure measures may be problematic, particularly for chemicals like Hg that have complex environmental fates. To explore the robustness of TRI-based analyses of the Hg-autism hypothesis in Texas, a detailed analysis was undertaken examining the extent of the ecological relationship during multiple years and examining whether surrogate exposure measures would yield similar conclusions. Using multilevel Poisson regression analysis and data obtained from a number of publicly available databases, it was found that air Hg release data were significantly associated with autism prevalence in Texas school districts when considering data for 2001 and 2002 (2001: RR = 4.45, 95% CI = 1.60-12.36, 2002: RR = 2.70, 95% CI = 1.17-6.15). Significant associations were not found using data from 2003 to 2005. A significant association was not observed when considering air Hg data for 2000 or 2001 and school district autism prevalence data for 2005-2006 or 2006-2007, an analysis allowing for a 5-yr time period between presumed exposure and entry into the public school system (2000: RR = 1.03, 95% CI = 0.59-1.83, 2001: RR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.59-1.47). Significant associations were not observed for any year nor for the time lagged analyses when censored autism counts were replaced by threes instead of zeros. An evaluation of TRI air emissions data for several other pollutants did not find significant associations except for nickel (RR = 1.71, 1.12-2.60), which has no history of being associated with neurodevelopmental disorders. An evaluation using downwind location from coal-fired power plants as the exposure surrogate variable also did not yield statistically significant results. The analysis suggests Hg emissions are not consistently associated with autism prevalence in Texas school districts. The lack of consistency across time may be the result of the influence of a more significant factor which remains unidentified. Alternatively, it may be that the significant association observed in 2001 and 2002 does not represent a true causal association.

Trends in referral patterns, invasive management, and mortality in elderly patients referred for exercise stress testing.

PubMed

Bouzas-Mosquera, Alberto; Peteiro, Jesús; Broullón, Francisco J; Calviño-Santos, Ramón; Mosquera, Víctor X; Barbeito-Caamaño, Cayetana; Larrañaga-Moreira, José María; Maneiro-Melón, Nicolás; Álvarez-García, Nemesio; Vázquez-Rodríguez, José Manuel

2015-12-01

Scarce data are available on the temporal patterns in clinical characteristics and outcomes of elderly patients referred for exercise stress testing. We aimed to assess the trends in baseline characteristics, tests results, referrals for invasive management, and mortality in these patients. We evaluated 11,192 patients aged ≥65years who were referred for exercise stress testing between January 1998 and December 2013. Calendar years were grouped into four quadrennia (1998-2001, 2002-2005, 2006-2009, and 2010-2013), and trends in clinical characteristics of the patients, type and results of the tests, referrals for invasive management, and mortality across the different periods were assessed. Despite a progressive decrease in the proportion of patients with non-interpretable baseline electrocardiograms or prior history of coronary artery disease, there was a gradual and marked increase in the use of cardiac imaging from 32.8% in 1998-2001 to 67.6% in 2010-2013 (p<0.001). In addition, despite a gradual decline in the probability of positive exercise stress testing both without imaging (from 18.9 to 13.6%, p<0.001) and with imaging assessment (from 40.2 to 29.7%, p<0.001), the cumulative rate of coronary revascularization at 1year increased (from 10.8 to 13.7%, p<0.001). One-year mortality also decreased progressively from 3% to 1.6% (p<0.001). Among older adults referred for exercise stress testing, we observed a decline over time in the probability of inducible myocardial ischemia, an increase in the use of cardiac imaging and in the rate of coronary revascularization, and an improvement in the survival rate at 1year. Copyright © 2015 European Federation of Internal Medicine. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Progress of the Mars Array Technology Experiment (MATE) on the '01 Lander

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheiman, D. A.; Baraona, C. R.; Jenkins, P.; Wilt, D.; Krasowski, M.; Greer, L.; Lekki, J.; Spina, D.

1999-01-01

Future missions to Mars will rely heavily on solar power from the sun, various solar cell types and structures must be evaluated to find the optimum. Sunlight on the surface of Mars is altered by air-borne dust that fluctuates in density from day to day. The dust affects both the intensity and spectral content of the sunlight. The MATE flight experiment was designed for this purpose and will fly on the Mars 2001 Surveyor Lander as part of the Mars In-Situ Propellant Production Precursor (MIP) package. MATE will measure the performance of several solar cell technologies and characterize the Martian environment in terms of solar power. This will be done by measuring full IV curves on solar cells, direct and global insolation, temperature, and spectral content. The Lander is is scheduled to launch in April 2001 and arrive on Mars in January of 2002. The site location has not been identified but will be near the equator and last from 100 to 300 days. The intent of this of this paper is to describe and update the progress on MATE. MATE has four main objectives for its mission to Mars. First is to measure the performance of solar cells daily on the surface of Mars, this will determine the day to day fluctuations in sunlight and temperature and provide a nominal power output. Second, in addition to measuring solar cell performance, it will allow for an intercomparison of different solar cell technologies. Third, It will study the long term effects of dust on the solar cells. Fourth and last, it will characterize the mars environment as viewed by the solar cell, measuring spectrum, insolation, and temperature. Additional information is contained in the original extended abstract.

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... destroyed. 5—EPA has no intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training..., subpart L, Sections 1910.160 and 1910.162. 2—Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) should be...

40 CFR Appendix J to Subpart G of... - Substitutes listed in the January 29, 2002 Final Rule, effective April 1, 2002

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... destroyed. 5—EPA has no intention of duplicating or displacing OSHA coverage related to the use of personal protective equipment (e.g., respiratory protection), fire protection, hazard communication, worker training..., subpart L, Sections 1910.160 and 1910.162. 2—Per OSHA requirements, protective gear (SCBA) should be...

Advances in molecular-based diagnostics in meeting crop biosecurity and phytosanitary issues.

PubMed

Schaad, Norman W; Frederick, Reid D; Shaw, Joe; Schneider, William L; Hickson, Robert; Petrillo, Michael D; Luster, Douglas G

2003-01-01

Awareness of crop biosecurity and phytosanitation has been heightened since 9/11 and the unresolved anthrax releases in October 2001. Crops are highly vulnerable to accidental or deliberate introductions of crop pathogens from outside U.S. borders. Strategic thinking about protection against deliberate or accidental release of a plant pathogen is an urgent priority. Rapid detection will be the key to success. This review summarizes recent progress in the development of rapid real-time PCR protocols and evaluates their effectiveness in a proposed nationwide network of diagnostic laboratories that will facilitate rapid diagnostics and improved communication.

Enhancement of TEM Data and Noise Characterization by Principal Component Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-01

include simply thresholding a noise level and ignoring any signal below the chosen value ( Pasion and Oldenburg, 2001b), stacking, and median filters...to de-trend the data ( Pasion and Oldenburg, 2001a). To date, there has not been a concentrated research effort focused on separating the various...Negative values not displayed) 27 Magnetic soil at Kaho’olawe (and in general) exhibits a t−1 decay in TEM surveys ( Pasion et al., 2002). This signal

The United States Experience with Economic Incentives for Protecting the Environment (2001)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This 2001 report finds that over the last 20 years, and particularly during the past decade, economic incentives have been increasingly used to control pollution and improve environmental and health protection.

Annual Report Fiscal Year 2002 of the Secretary of the Army on Civil Works Activities (1 October 2001 - 30 September 2002)

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-08-04

WI........................................21-2 2. Alpena Harbor, MI .........................................21-3 3. Arcadia Harbor, MI...DISTRICT $292,010 was for new work and $1,701,185 for maintenance. 2. ALPENA HARBOR, MI Location. At mouth of Thunder Bay River which empties into...Thunder Bay, Lake Huron. Harbor is 100 miles southeast of Cheboygan Harbor, MI. River has its source in Montmorency and Alpena Counties, MI. (See

FY 2002 Economic Outlook, Highlights from FY 1994 to FY 2001, FY 2002 Baseline Projections

DTIC Science & Technology

2001-01-01

have experienced four straight years of surplus, a stretch of prosperity last seen following World War I. For three years in a row, we have actually... safer . My Administration’s initiatives to reduce crime contributed to the lowest annual serious crime count since 1985. • Giving Americans confidence...Medicare trust funds and offered the hope of paying down the debt with prudent budget policies. The past eight years have also seen remarkable

Adherence to Mediterranean Diet Offers an Additive Protection Over the Use of Statin Therapy: Results from the ATTICA Study (2002-2012).

PubMed

Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B; Georgousopoulou, Ekavi N; Georgiopoulos, Georgios A; Pitsavos, Christos; Chrysohoou, Christina; Skoumas, Ioannis; Ntertimani, Maria; Laskaris, Alexandros; Papadimitriou, Lampros; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Stefanadis, Christodoulos

2015-01-01

The protective role of Mediterranean diet on cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk has been extensively discussed in the literature, but its incremental effect over the use of CVD risk reducing agents (such as hypolipidemic treatment) has rarely been evaluated. The ATTICA study was carried out in the Athens area during 2001-2002 and included 3042 participants free of CVD at baseline (49.8% men, aged 18-89 years). Adherence to Mediterranean diet was assessed using the MedDietScore (range 0-55) and statin use was recorded for all subjects. During 2011-2012, 2583 out of the 3042 baseline participants attended the 10-year follow-up of the ATTICA study (15% lost-to-follow-up) and CVD development was recorded. Adherence to Mediterranean diet (highest tertile) decreased CVD risk by 29.3% (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.707, 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.537-0.831) as compared with the lowest tertile, independently of statin use. Patients with hyperlipidemia on a statin that adopted unhealthy dietary habits (lowest tertile) had 75% increased CVD risk than normolipidemic subjects with healthy dietary habits (HR=1.75, 95%CI: 1.33-2.29). The addition of Mediterranean diet tertiles in the multivariable model reclassified 46.7% of the participants to CVD risk categories. Adherence to Mediterranean diet confers a considerable reduction in CVD risk, independently of gender, age, family history of CVD, diabetes mellitus, smoking status, hypertension and physical activity status. Therefore, CVD prevention strategies should involve the implementation of a Mediterranean diet in both the general population and patients on a statin.

Depletion of rice as food of waterfowl wintering in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley

USGS Publications Warehouse

Greer, Danielle M.; Dugger, Bruce D.; Reinecke, Kenneth J.; Petrie, Mark J.

2009-01-01

Waterfowl habitat conservation strategies in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) and several other wintering areas assume carrying capacity is limited by available food, and increasing food resources is an effective conservation goal. Because existing research on winter food abundance and depletion is insufficient to test this hypothesis, we used harvested rice fields as model foraging habitats to determine if waste rice seed is depleted before spring migration. We sampled rice fields (n = 39 [winter 2000-2001], n = 69 [2001-2002]) to estimate seed mass when waterfowl arrived in late autumn and departed in late winter. We also placed exclosures in subsets of fields in autumn (n = 8 [2000-2001], n = 20 [2001-2002]) and compared seed mass inside and outside exclosures in late winter to estimate rice depletion attributable to waterfowl and other processes. Finally, we used an experiment to determine if the extent of rice depletion differed among fields of varying initial abundance and if the seed mass at which waterfowl ceased foraging or abandoned fields differed from a hypothesized giving-up value of 50 kg/ha. Mean seed mass was greater in late autumn 2000 than 2001 (127.0 vs. 83.9 kg/ha; P = 0.018) but decreased more during winter 2000-2001 than 2001-2002 (91.3 vs. 55.7 kg/ha) and did not differ at the end of winter (35.8 vs. 28.3 kg/ha; P = 0.651). Assuming equal loss to deterioration inside and outside exclosures, we estimated waterfowl consumed 61.3 kg/ha (48.3%) of rice present in late autumn 2000 and 21.1 kg/ha (25.1%) in 2001. When we manipulated late-autumn rice abundance, mean giving-up mass of rice seed was similar among treatments (48.7 kg/ha; P = 0.205) and did not differ from 50 kg/ha (P = 0.726). We integrated results by constructing scenarios in which waterfowl consumed rice at different times in winter, consumption and deterioration were competing risks, and consumption occurred only above 50 kg/ha. Results indicated waterfowl likely consumed available rice soon after fields were flooded and the amount consumed exceeded our empirical estimates but was -48% (winters pooled) of rice initially present. We suggest 1) using 50 kg/ha as a threshold below which profitability limits waterfowl feeding in MAV rice fields; 2) reducing the current estimate (130 kg/ha) of rice consumed in harvested fields to 47.1 kg/ha; and 3) increasing available rice by increasing total area of fields managed, altering management practices (e.g., staggered flooding), and exploring the potential for producing second or ratoon rice crops for waterfowl.

Trends in nurse overtime, 1995-2002.

PubMed

Berney, Barbara; Needleman, Jack

2005-08-01

Nurses and their advocates have expressed concern about increasing use of overtime in hospitals, but systematic data on trends in the amount of overtime worked by nurses has been lacking. Using data on New York hospitals, we find that overtime increased 51% between 1995 and 2002, from 3.9% of total hours to 5.9%. Most of the increase occurred after 1997, and the rate of overtime use leveled out from 2001 to 2002. Overtime increased more in nongovernment unionized hospitals and nonteaching hospitals, but the wide variation in changes in overtime suggests there is substantial management discretion in using overtime to address fluctuations in census and staffing.

Reduction of frequent otitis media and pressure-equalizing tube insertions in children after introduction of pneumococcal conjugate vaccine.

PubMed

Poehling, Katherine A; Szilagyi, Peter G; Grijalva, Carlos G; Martin, Stacey W; LaFleur, Bonnie; Mitchel, Ed; Barth, Richard D; Nuorti, J Pekka; Griffin, Marie R

2007-04-01

Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important cause of otitis media in children. In this study we estimated the effect of routine childhood immunization with heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on frequent otitis media (3 episodes in 6 months or 4 episodes in 1 year) and pressure-equalizing tube insertions. The study population included all children who were enrolled at birth in TennCare or selected upstate New York commercial insurance plans as of July 1998 and continuously followed until 5 years old, loss of health plan enrollment, study outcome, or end of the study. We compared the risk of developing frequent otitis media or having pressure-equalizing tube insertion for 4 birth cohorts (1998-1999, 1999-2000, 2000-2001, and 2001-2002) by using Cox regression analysis. We used data from the National Immunization Survey to estimate the heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine uptake for children in these 4 birth cohorts in Tennessee and New York. The proportion of children in Tennessee and New York who received at least 3 doses of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine by 2 years of age increased from < or = 1% for the 1998-1999 birth cohort to approximately 75% for the 2000-2001 birth cohort. By age 2 years, 29% of Tennessee and New York children born in 2000-2001 had developed frequent otitis media, and 6% of each of these birth cohorts had pressure-equalizing tubes inserted. Comparing the 2000-2001 birth cohort to the 1998-1999 birth cohort, frequent otitis media declined by 17% and 28%, and pressure-equalizing tube insertions declined by 16% and 23% for Tennessee and New York children, respectively. For the 2000-2001 to the 2001-2002 birth cohort, frequent otitis media and pressure-equalizing tubes remained stable in New York but increased in Tennessee. After heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine introduction, children were less likely to develop frequent otitis media or have pressure-equalizing tube insertions.

Abundance and distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates in offshore soft sediments in Western Lake Huron, 2001-2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

French, J. R. P.; Schaeffer, J.S.; Roseman, E.F.; Kiley, C.S.; Fouilleroux, A.

2009-01-01

Invasive species have had major impacts on the Great Lakes. This is especially true of exotic dreissenid mussels which are associated with decreased abundance of native macroinvertebrates and changes in food availability for fish. Beginning in 2001, we added a benthic macroinvertebrate survey to the USGS-Great Lakes Science Center's annual fall prey fish assessment of Lake Huron to monitor abundance of macrobenthos. Mean abundance of Diporeia, the most abundant benthic taxon in Lake Huron reported by previous investigators, declined greatly between 2001 and 2007. Diporeia was virtually absent at 27-m sites by 2001, decreased and was lost completely from 46-m depths by 2006, but remained present at reduced densities at 73-m sites. Dreissenids in our samples were almost entirely quagga mussels Dreissena bugensis. Zebra mussels Dreissena polymorpha were virtually absent from our samples, suggesting that they were confined to nearshore areas shallower than we sampled. Loss of Diporeia at individual sites was associated with arrival of quagga mussels, even when mussel densities were low. Quagga mussel density peaked during 2002, then decreased thereafter. During the study quagga mussels became established at most 46-m sites, but remained rare at 73-m sites. Length frequency distributions suggest that initial widespread recruitment may have occurred during 2001-2002. Like other Great Lakes, Lake Huron quagga mussels were associated with decreased abundance of native taxa, but negative effects occurred even though dreissenid densities were much lower. Dreissenid effects may extend well into deep oligotrophic habitats of Lake Huron.

Interim 2001-based national population projections for the United Kingdom and constituent countries.

PubMed

Shaw, Chris

2003-01-01

This article describes new 2001-based national population projections which were carried out following the publication in September 2002 of the first results of the 2001 Census. These "interim" projections, carried out by the Government Actuary in consultation with the Registrars General, take preliminary account of the results of the Census which showed that the base population used in previous projections was overestimated. The interim projections also incorporate a reduced assumption of net international migration to the United Kingdom, informed by the first results of the 2001 Census and taking account of more recent migration information. The population of the United Kingdom is now projected to increase from an estimated 58.8 million in 2001 to reach 63.2 million by 2026. The projected population at 2026 is about 1.8 million (2.8 per cent) lower than in the previous (2000-based) projections.

Utilization of substance abuse treatment services under Medicare, 2001-2002.

PubMed

Vandivort, Rita; Teich, Judith L; Cowell, Alexander J; Chen, Hong

2009-06-01

In 2006, the Medicare program covered 37 million elderly persons and 7 million persons younger than 65 years, but little is known about substance abuse (SA) service utilization. Using the 5% Sample of Medicare claims data, the study examines individuals who used SA detoxification ("detox") and/or rehabilitation ("rehab") services under Medicare in 2001 and 2002. SA claimants less than 65 years of age (disabled) were compared to claimants more than 65 years of age (elderly). The disabled were more likely to have a co-occurring mental disorder than elderly claimants (50% vs. 14%) and more likely to have serious mental illness (21% vs. 2.3%). Disabled claimants were more than three times as likely to receive any detox service as elderly claimants (17% vs. 6%). The rate of claimants receiving rehab services within 30 days of detox is about one third for disabled claimants and one quarter for elderly claimants.

AmeriFlux US-Me4 Metolius-old aged ponderosa pine

DOE Data Explorer

Law, Bev [Oregon State University

2016-01-01

This is the AmeriFlux version of the carbon flux data for the site US-Me4 Metolius-old aged ponderosa pine. Site Description - The site is located on land designated as a Research Natural Area (RNA). The site is very open, with even-aged stands of old-growth trees, young trees and mixed aged stands. The eddy-flux tower footprint was classified as ~ 48% mixed aged, ~27% pure old growth and ~25% young aged stands. The data in this workbook describes the mixed aged component. A separate workbook describes the pure old growth component. Law et al (2001) Global Change Biology 7, 755-777; Law et al (2001) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 110, 27-43; Anthoni et al (2002) Agricultural and Forest Meteorology 111, 203-222; Irvine & Law (2002) Global Change biology 8,1183-1194, Irivne et al (2004) Tree Physiology 24,753-763.

77 FR 1873 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Georgia; Rome; Fine Particulate Matter 2002...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-12

...] Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Georgia; Rome; Fine Particulate Matter 2002 Base Year... is taking direct final action to approve the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) 2002 base year... progress (RFP) plan, contingency measures, a 2002 base year emissions inventory and other planning SIP...

77 FR 12487 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Georgia; Atlanta; Fine Particulate Matter 2002...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-01

...] Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Georgia; Atlanta; Fine Particulate Matter 2002 Base Year... is taking direct final action to approve the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) 2002 base year... progress (RFP) plan, contingency measures, a 2002 base year emissions inventory and other planning SIP...

77 FR 12724 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Georgia; Macon; Fine Particulate Matter 2002...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-02

...] Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Georgia; Macon; Fine Particulate Matter 2002 Base Year... is taking direct final action to approve the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) 2002 base year... progress (RFP) plan, contingency measures, a 2002 base year emissions inventory and other planning SIP...

Neonatal skincare: why change is vital.

PubMed

Trotter, Sharon

2006-04-01

'Newborn skin is thinner, more permeable and less able to withstand the sensitising effects of modern detergents. It is also important to remember that anything placed on, in or around a baby has the capacity to harm' (Trotter, 2004a). The anatomical and functional differences of neonatal skin have been thoroughly reported over the years and there is now a body of evidence to support the above statement (Fatter, 1997; Gelmetti, 2001; Lund, 2001a, 2001b; Medves, 2001; Ertel, 2003; Trotter, 2002, 2004a). The aim of this article is to inform midwives about the potential dangers of chemical ingredients used in personal care products and to suggest simpler skincare regimes. It is anticipated that doing so will reduce the risks of conditions like eczema, asthma and related allergies.

Steelhead Supplementation Studies; Steelhead Supplementation in Idaho Rivers, Annual Report 2002.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byrne, Alan

The Steelhead Supplementation Study (SSS) has two broad objectives: (1) investigate the feasibility of supplementing depressed wild and natural steelhead populations using hatchery populations, and (2) describe the basic life history and genetic characteristics of wild and natural steelhead populations in the Salmon and Clearwater Basins. Idaho Department of Fish and Game (IDFG) personnel stocked adult steelhead from Sawtooth Fish Hatchery into Frenchman and Beaver creeks and estimated the number of age-1 parr produced from the outplants since 1993. On May 2, 2002, both Beaver and Frenchman creeks were stocked with hatchery adult steelhead. A SSS crew snorkeled the creeksmore » in August 2002 to estimate the abundance of age-1 parr from brood year (BY) 2001. I estimated that the yield of age-1 parr per female stocked in 2001 was 7.3 and 6.7 in Beaver and Frenchman creeks, respectively. SSS crews stocked Dworshak hatchery stock fingerlings and smolts from 1993 to 1999 in the Red River drainage to assess which life stage produces more progeny when the adults return to spawn. In 2002, Clearwater Fish Hatchery personnel operated the Red River weir to trap adults that returned from these stockings. Twelve PIT-tagged adults from the smolt releases and one PIT-tagged adult from fingerling releases were detected during their migration up the mainstem Columbia and Snake rivers, but none from either group were caught at the weir. The primary focus of the study has been monitoring and collecting life history information from wild steelhead populations. An adult weir has been operated annually since 1992 in Fish Creek, a tributary of the Lochsa River. The weir was damaged by a rain-on-snow event in April 2002 and although the weir remained intact, some adults were able to swim undetected through the weir. Despite damage to the weir, trap tenders captured 167 adult steelhead, the most fish since 1993. The maximum likelihood estimate of adult steelhead escapement was 242. A screw trap has been operated annually in Fish Creek since 1994 to estimate the number of emigrating parr and smolts. I estimated that 18,687 juvenile steelhead emigrated from Fish Creek in 2002, the lowest number of migrants since 1998. SSS crews snorkeled three streams in the Selway River drainage and 10 streams in the Lochsa River drainage to estimate juvenile steelhead densities. The densities of age-1 steelhead parr declined in all streams compared to the densities observed in 2001. The age-1 densities in Fish Creek and Gedney Creek were the lowest observed since this project began monitoring those populations in 1994. The SSS crews and other cooperators tagged more than 12,000 juvenile steelhead with passive integrated transponder (PIT) tags in 2002. In 2002, technicians mounted and aged steelhead scales that were collected from 1998 to 2001. A consensus was reached among technicians for age of steelhead juveniles from Fish Creek. Scales that were collected in other streams were aged by at least one reader; however, before a final age is assigned to these fish, the age needs to be verified by another reader and any age differences among readers resolved. Dr. Jennifer Nielsen, at the U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Biological Science Center, Anchorage continued the microsatellite analysis of the steelhead tissue samples that were collected from Idaho streams in 2000. Two thousand eighteen samples from 40 populations were analyzed. The analysis of the remaining 39 populations is continuing.« less

Protective Factors, Risk Indicators, and Contraceptive Consistency Among College Women.

PubMed

Morrison, Leslie F; Sieving, Renee E; Pettingell, Sandra L; Hellerstedt, Wendy L; McMorris, Barbara J; Bearinger, Linda H

2016-01-01

To explore risk and protective factors associated with consistent contraceptive use among emerging adult female college students and whether effects of risk indicators were moderated by protective factors. Secondary analysis of National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health Wave III data. Data collected through in-home interviews in 2001 and 2002. National sample of 18- to 25-year-old women (N = 842) attending 4-year colleges. We examined relationships between protective factors, risk indicators, and consistent contraceptive use. Consistent contraceptive use was defined as use all of the time during intercourse in the past 12 months. Protective factors included external supports of parental closeness and relationship with caring nonparental adult and internal assets of self-esteem, confidence, independence, and life satisfaction. Risk indicators included heavy episodic drinking, marijuana use, and depression symptoms. Multivariable logistic regression models were used to evaluate relationships between protective factors and consistent contraceptive use and between risk indicators and contraceptive use. Self-esteem, confidence, independence, and life satisfaction were significantly associated with more consistent contraceptive use. In a final model including all internal assets, life satisfaction was significantly related to consistent contraceptive use. Marijuana use and depression symptoms were significantly associated with less consistent use. With one exception, protective factors did not moderate relationships between risk indicators and consistent use. Based on our findings, we suggest that risk and protective factors may have largely independent influences on consistent contraceptive use among college women. A focus on risk and protective factors may improve contraceptive use rates and thereby reduce unintended pregnancy among college students. Copyright © 2016 AWHONN, the Association of Women's Health, Obstetric and Neonatal Nurses. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Modeling Streamflow and Water Temperature in the North Santiam and Santiam Rivers, Oregon, 2001-02

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sullivan, Annett B.; Roundsk, Stewart A.

2004-01-01

To support the development of a total maximum daily load (TMDL) for water temperature in the Willamette Basin, the laterally averaged, two-dimensional model CE-QUAL-W2 was used to construct a water temperature and streamflow model of the Santiam and North Santiam Rivers. The rivers were simulated from downstream of Detroit and Big Cliff dams to the confluence with the Willamette River. Inputs to the model included bathymetric data, flow and temperature from dam releases, tributary flow and temperature, and meteorologic data. The model was calibrated for the period July 1 through November 21, 2001, and confirmed with data from April 1 through October 31, 2002. Flow calibration made use of data from two streamflow gages and travel-time and river-width data. Temperature calibration used data from 16 temperature monitoring locations in 2001 and 5 locations in 2002. A sensitivity analysis was completed by independently varying input parameters, including point-source flow, air temperature, flow and water temperature from dam releases, and riparian shading. Scenario analyses considered hypothetical river conditions without anthropogenic heat inputs, with restored riparian vegetation, with minimum streamflow from the dams, and with a more-natural seasonal water temperature regime from dam releases.

Macroinvertebrate Response to Drought in Undisturbed Headwater Streams of Southwest Georgia.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winn, R. T.; Griswold, M. W.; Golladay, S. W.; Crisman, T. L.

2005-05-01

Macroinvertebrates were sampled in four headwater streams for two years (2001-2003) to establish baseline conditions for a study evaluating forestry best management practices. The Palmer Drought Severity Index indicated that the study site experienced a prolonged moderate to severe drought prior to study initiation, with year one of the study characterized as a moderate drought, while year two encompassed drought and initial rainfall recovery. Benthic macroinvertebrates were collected in streams during year one (December 2001/February 2002) and year two (December 2002/February 2003) using a multi-habitat sampling procedure. Individuals were identified to the lowest practical taxonomic level (mostly genus), and metrics including abundance, total number of taxa, and Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) taxa were calculated. Repeated measures ANOVA identified differences in macroinvertebrate assemblages due to sampling period, with lower values for December 2001 relative to February 2003. Abundance and EPT taxa showed an increasing relationship with average daily flow in successive samples of the study. Initiation of drought conditions prior to the study adversely affected species composition (low numbers of EPT taxa and long lived taxa) and trophic structure (co-dominance of shredders, collectors, and predators).

Pathogen Screening of Naturally Produced Yakima River Spring Chinook Smolts; Yakima/Klickitat Fisheries Project Monitoring and Evaluation, 2002 Annual Report.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thomas, Joan B.

2003-05-01

In 1999 the Cle Elem Hatchery began releasing spring chinook smolts into the upper Yakima River for restoration and supplementation. This project was designed to evaluate whether introduction of intensively reared hatchery produced smolts would impact the prevalence of specific pathogens in the naturally produced spring chinook smolts. Increases in prevalence of any of these pathogens could negatively impact the survival of these fish. Approximately 200 smolts were collected at the Chandler smolt collection facility on the lower Yakima River during 1998, 2000 and 2001 and 130 smolts were collected in 2002 for monitoring for specific pathogens. The pathogens monitoredmore » were infectious hematopoeitic necrosis virus, infectious pancreatic necrosis virus, viral hemorrhagic septicemia, Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Flavobacterium columnare, Aeromonas salmonicida, Yersinia ruckeri, Edwardsiella ictaluri, Renibacterium salmoninarum and Myxobolus cerebralis. In addition the fish were tested for Ceratomyxa shasta spores in 2000 and 2001 (a correction from the 2001 report). To date, the only changes have been in the levels the bacterial pathogens in the naturally produced smolts and they have been minimal. These changes are attributed to normal fluctuation of prevalence.« less

40 CFR Appendix K to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002, Final Rule, Effective August 21, 2002 K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Pt. 82, Subpt. G, App. K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions...

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002, Final Rule, Effective August 21, 2002 K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Pt. 82, Subpt. G, App. K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions...

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Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002, Final Rule, Effective August 21, 2002 K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Pt. 82, Subpt. G, App. K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions...

40 CFR Appendix K to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

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... Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002, Final Rule, Effective August 21, 2002 K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Pt. 82, Subpt. G, App. K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions...

40 CFR Appendix K to Subpart G of... - Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

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... Restrictions and Unacceptable Substitutes Listed in the July 22, 2002, Final Rule, Effective August 21, 2002 K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... Pt. 82, Subpt. G, App. K Appendix K to Subpart G of Part 82—Substitutes Subject to Use Restrictions...

Women's Heart Advantage Program: the impact 3 years later.

PubMed

Gombeski, William R; Kramer, R Kyle; Freed, Lisa; Foody, JoAnne; Parkosewich, Janet; Wilson, Tammi; Wack, Jeffery T; D'Onofrio, Gail

2005-01-01

Yale-New Haven Hospital, in partnership with Voluntary Hospital Association (VHA Inc), launched the Women's Heart Advantage program in March 2001. Major program components implemented include (1) a comprehensive initial and ongoing internal communication program; (2) a health promotion initiative including a 24-hour, 7-days-a-week women's heart line staffed by nurses and an Internet health question-and-answer forum; (3) significant ongoing communication with nurses and physicians; (4) a community outreach effort to educate poor and minority women; and (5) an aggressive effort to secure financial partners to underwrite the cost of the program. Before launching the program, a telephone survey of 300 randomly selected New Haven County women ages 40 to 70 years was initiated in January 2001 and repeated in January 2002, 2003, and 2004. Findings include (1) the percentage of women who recognize heart disease as the number-one killer of women their age increased from 26% in 2001 to 59% in 2004, (2) the percentage of women who would call 9-1-1 or go directly to a hospital emergency department increased from 63% in 2002 to 83% in 2004, and (3) the percentage of women aware of recent Women's Heart Advantage program promotion grew from 33% in 2002 to 50% in 2004. Perhaps most importantly, the number of women with heart problems admitted through the hospital's emergency department increased from 1528 per year in 2001 to 1870 per year in 2004 (7.5% annual increase), whereas the number of men with heart problems admitted through the emergency department during the same time period has been relatively low (0.8% annual increase). By linking clinical, public health, and marketing expertise along with finding ways to partner with other organizations, the Women's Heart Advantage program has contributed to remarkable changes in women's awareness, knowledge, and behaviors, suggesting a model for approaching similar health-related problems.

[Multiple Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Gabon, from October 2001 to April 2002].

PubMed

Nkoghe, D; Formenty, P; Leroy, E M; Nnegue, S; Edou, S Y Obame; Ba, J Iba; Allarangar, Y; Cabore, J; Bachy, C; Andraghetti, R; de Benoist, A C; Galanis, E; Rose, A; Bausch, D; Reynolds, M; Rollin, P; Choueibou, C; Shongo, R; Gergonne, B; Koné, L M; Yada, A; Roth, C; Mve, M Toung

2005-09-01

Outbreaks of Ebola virus haemorrhagic fever have been reported from 1994 to 1996 in the province of Ogooué Ivindo, a forest zone situated in the Northeast of Gabon. Each time, the great primates had been identified as the initial source of human infection. End of November 2001 a new alert came from this province, rapidly confirmed as a EVHV outbreak. The response was given by the Ministry of Health with the help of an international team under the aegis of WHO. An active monitoring system was implemented in the three districts hit by the epidemic (Zadié, Ivindo and Mpassa) to organize the detection of cases and their follow-up. A case definition has been set up, the suspected cases were isolated at hospital, at home or in lazarets and serological tests were performed. These tests consisted of the detection of antigen or specific IgG and the RT-PCR. A classification of cases was made according to the results of biological tests, clinical and epidemiological data. The contact subjects were kept watch over for 21 days. 65 cases were recorded among which 53 deaths. The first human case, a hunter died on the 28th of October 2001. The epidemic spreads over through family transmission and nosocomial contamination. Four distinct primary foci have been identified together with an isolated case situated in the South East of Gabon, 580 km away from the epicenter. Deaths happened within a delay of 6 days. The last death has been recorded on the 22nd of March 2002 and the end of the outbreak was declared on the 6th of May 2002. The epidemic spreads over the Gabon just next. Unexplained deaths of animals had been mentionned in the nearby forests as soon as August 2001: great primates and cephalophus. Samples taken from their carcasses confirmed a concomitant animal epidemic.

Evolution of breast cancer screening in the Medicare population: clinical and economic implications.

PubMed

Killelea, Brigid K; Long, Jessica B; Chagpar, Anees B; Ma, Xiaomei; Wang, Rong; Ross, Joseph S; Gross, Cary P

2014-08-01

Newer approaches to mammography, including digital image acquisition and computer-aided detection (CAD), and adjunct imaging (e.g., magnetic resonance imaging [MRI]) have diffused into clinical practice. The impact of these technologies on screening-related cost and outcomes remains undefined, particularly among older women. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-Medicare linked database, we constructed two cohorts of women without a history of breast cancer and followed each cohort for 2 years. We compared the use and cost of screening mammography including digital mammography and CAD, adjunct procedures including breast ultrasound, MRI, and biopsy between the period of 2001 and 2002 and the period of 2008 and 2009 using χ(2) and t test. We also assessed the change in breast cancer stage and incidence rates using χ(2) and Poisson regression. All statistical tests were two-sided. There were 137150 women (mean age = 76.0 years) in the early cohort (2001-2002) and 133097 women (mean age = 77.3 years) in the later cohort (2008-2009). The use of digital image acquisition for screening mammography increased from 2.0% in 2001 and 2002 to 29.8% in 2008 and 2009 (P < .001). CAD use increased from 3.2% to 33.1% (P < .001). Average screening-related cost per capita increased from $76 to $112 (P < .001), with annual national fee-for-service Medicare spending increasing from $666 million to $962 million. There was no statistically significant change in detection rates of early-stage tumors (2.45 vs 2.57 per 1000 person-years; P = .41). Although breast cancer screening-related costs increased substantially from 2001 through 2009 among Medicare beneficiaries, a clinically significant change in stage at diagnosis was not observed. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Geographical Pattern and Environmental Correlates of Regional-Scale General Flowering in Peninsular Malaysia

PubMed Central

Numata, Shinya; Yasuda, Masatoshi; Suzuki, Ryo O.; Hosaka, Tetsuro; Noor, Nur Supardi Md.; Fletcher, Christine D.; Hashim, Mazlan

2013-01-01

In South-East Asian dipterocarp forests, many trees synchronize their reproduction at the community level, but irregularly, in a phenomenon known as general flowering (GF). Several proximate cues have been proposed as triggers for the synchronization of Southeast Asian GF, but the debate continues, as many studies have not considered geographical variation in climate and flora. We hypothesized that the spatial pattern of GF forests is explained by previously proposed climatic cues if there are common cues for GF among regions. During the study, GF episodes occurred every year, but the spatial occurrence varied considerably from just a few forests to the whole of Peninsular Malaysia. In 2001, 2002 and 2005, minor and major GF occurred widely throughout Peninsular Malaysia (GF2001, GF2002, and GF2005), and the geographical patterns of GF varied between the episodes. In the three regional-scale GF episodes, most major events occurred in regions where prolonged drought (PD) had been recorded prior, and significant associations between GF scores and PD were found in GF2001 and GF2002. However, the frequency of PD was higher than that of GF throughout the peninsula. In contrast, low temperature (LT) was observed during the study period only before GF2002 and GF2005, but there was no clear spatial relationship between GF and LT in the regional-scale episodes. There was also no evidence that last GF condition influenced the magnitude of GF. Thus, our results suggest that PD would be essential to trigger regional-scale GF in the peninsula, but also that PD does not fully explain the spatial and temporal patterns of GF. The coarse relationships between GF and the proposed climatic cues may be due to the geographical variation in proximate cues for GF, and the climatic and floristic geographical variations should be considered to understand the proximate factors of GF. PMID:24260159

Geographical pattern and environmental correlates of regional-scale general flowering in Peninsular Malaysia.

PubMed

Numata, Shinya; Yasuda, Masatoshi; Suzuki, Ryo O; Hosaka, Tetsuro; Noor, Nur Supardi Md; Fletcher, Christine D; Hashim, Mazlan

2013-01-01

In South-East Asian dipterocarp forests, many trees synchronize their reproduction at the community level, but irregularly, in a phenomenon known as general flowering (GF). Several proximate cues have been proposed as triggers for the synchronization of Southeast Asian GF, but the debate continues, as many studies have not considered geographical variation in climate and flora. We hypothesized that the spatial pattern of GF forests is explained by previously proposed climatic cues if there are common cues for GF among regions. During the study, GF episodes occurred every year, but the spatial occurrence varied considerably from just a few forests to the whole of Peninsular Malaysia. In 2001, 2002 and 2005, minor and major GF occurred widely throughout Peninsular Malaysia (GF2001, GF2002, and GF2005), and the geographical patterns of GF varied between the episodes. In the three regional-scale GF episodes, most major events occurred in regions where prolonged drought (PD) had been recorded prior, and significant associations between GF scores and PD were found in GF2001 and GF2002. However, the frequency of PD was higher than that of GF throughout the peninsula. In contrast, low temperature (LT) was observed during the study period only before GF2002 and GF2005, but there was no clear spatial relationship between GF and LT in the regional-scale episodes. There was also no evidence that last GF condition influenced the magnitude of GF. Thus, our results suggest that PD would be essential to trigger regional-scale GF in the peninsula, but also that PD does not fully explain the spatial and temporal patterns of GF. The coarse relationships between GF and the proposed climatic cues may be due to the geographical variation in proximate cues for GF, and the climatic and floristic geographical variations should be considered to understand the proximate factors of GF.

Are gatekeepers to renal services referring patients equitably?

PubMed

Kee, Frank; Reaney, Elizabeth; Savage, Gerard; O'Reilly, Dermot; Patterson, Chris; Maxwell, Peter; Fogarty, Damian

2007-01-01

Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) benefit from specialist interventions to retard progression of renal failure and prevent cardiovascular events. Certain patient groups have poor access to specialist renal services when dialysis is required. This study used a population-based laboratory database to investigate access to and timeliness of referral to renal specialists relatively early in the course of the disease. All tests for serum creatinine and haemoglobin (Hb) A(1)c in Northern Ireland in a two-year period (2001 and 2002) were retrieved for 345,441 adults. Of these, 16,856 patients had at least one serum creatinine level above 150 micromol/L in 2001 not deemed to be due to acute renal failure (crude prevalence 1.42%). This cohort was followed until the end of 2002 and the differences in the time to referral to a specialist were assessed using Cox's proportional hazards regression. Diabetic patients, older patients and those living in deprived areas were significantly more likely to have serum creatinine testing, compared with non-diabetic, younger and those living in more affluent areas. Delays in referral to renal specialists for patients with raised serum creatinine levels were significantly shorter among diabetic patients, women, younger individuals, those living in rural areas, those living close to renal centres and those living in deprived areas. Overall, only 19% of diabetic patients and 6% of non-diabetic patients who had CKD had seen a renal specialist within 12 months of their index creatinine test. Contrary to other diseases, disadvantaged patients do not seem to be under-investigated for renal disease compared with their more affluent neighbours and are generally referred earlier for specialist assessment. However, the absolute rate of timely specialist assessment is low. Recent changes in referral criteria for CKD will result in more referrals and will have serious resource implications. Opportunities for health gain among patients with declining renal function are being missed, particularly among the old and those living furthest from specialist centres.

Faecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae among humans in Java, Indonesia, in 2001-2002.

PubMed

Severin, Juliëtte A; Lestari, Endang Sri; Kloezen, Wendy; Lemmens-den Toom, Nicole; Mertaniasih, Ni Made; Kuntaman, Kuntaman; Purwanta, Marijam; Duerink, D Offra; Hadi, Usman; van Belkum, Alex; Verbrugh, Henri A; Goessens, Wil H

2012-04-01

To characterise commensal Escherichia coli and other Enterobacteriaceae with reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime that were collected in a large survey carried out among 3995 patients and healthy persons in two urban regions on Java, Indonesia, in 2001-2002. The putative extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae were analysed using double-disk synergy tests, isoelectric focusing, PCR assays, DNA sequencing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). On the day of discharge after five or more days of hospitalisation, at least 95 of 999 (9.5%) patients carried ESBL-positive Enterobacteriaceae as dominant faecal flora. Six patients were simultaneously colonised with E. coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates with ESBL activity. On admission, only 6 of 998 (0.6%) patients were colonised. Faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae among healthy persons or persons visiting a public health centre was not detected. The 107 ESBL-positive strains included 68 E. coli, 35 K. pneumoniae, and four other Enterobacteriaceae. bla(CTX-M-15) was the most prevalent ESBL in both E. coli (47.1%) and K. pneumoniae (45.7%), but the E. coli O25b-ST131 clone was virtually absent. Other ESBL types found were: SHV-2, -2a, -5, -12, CTX-M-3, -9, -14, and TEM-19. PFGE revealed extensive genetic diversity among the isolates. In 2001-2002, faecal carriage of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae as dominant flora in Indonesia was almost exclusively hospital-associated. The presence of various bla(ESBL) genes and the extensive genetic diversity among isolates argue against a single/dominant strain outbreak. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Hierarchical structures of correlations networks among Turkey’s exports and imports by currencies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kocakaplan, Yusuf; Deviren, Bayram; Keskin, Mustafa

2012-12-01

We have examined the hierarchical structures of correlations networks among Turkey’s exports and imports by currencies for the 1996-2010 periods, using the concept of a minimal spanning tree (MST) and hierarchical tree (HT) which depend on the concept of ultrametricity. These trees are useful tools for understanding and detecting the global structure, taxonomy and hierarchy in financial markets. We derived a hierarchical organization and build the MSTs and HTs during the 1996-2001 and 2002-2010 periods. The reason for studying two different sub-periods, namely 1996-2001 and 2002-2010, is that the Euro (EUR) came into use in 2001, and some countries have made their exports and imports with Turkey via the EUR since 2002, and in order to test various time-windows and observe temporal evolution. We have carried out bootstrap analysis to associate a value of the statistical reliability to the links of the MSTs and HTs. We have also used the average linkage cluster analysis (ALCA) to observe the cluster structure more clearly. Moreover, we have obtained the bidimensional minimal spanning tree (BMST) due to economic trade being a bidimensional problem. From the structural topologies of these trees, we have identified different clusters of currencies according to their proximity and economic ties. Our results show that some currencies are more important within the network, due to a tighter connection with other currencies. We have also found that the obtained currencies play a key role for Turkey’s exports and imports and have important implications for the design of portfolio and investment strategies.

Six-year trend in active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents. The AVENA and AFINOS Studies.

PubMed

Chillón, Palma; Martínez-Gómez, David; Ortega, Francisco B; Pérez-López, Isaac J; Díaz, Ligia E; Veses, Ana M; Veiga, Oscar L; Marcos, Ascensión; Delgado-Fernández, Manuel

2013-12-01

Promoting daily routine activities, such as active commuting to school, may have important health implications for young people. The aim of the study was to examine the secular trend of active commuting to school in Spanish adolescents over a 6-year period (2001-2002 to 2006-2007). We also examined several factors that might explain this trend. Data comes from two separate cross-sectional studies, both representatives from the city of Madrid (Spain): AVENA and AFINOS studies. These took place in 2001-2002 and 2006-2007 and included 415 (198 girls) and 891 (448 girls) adolescents aged 13-17, respectively. Commuting to school was assessed using a standardized question about their habitual mode of transportation to school: walking, cycling, bus/subway, car, or motorcycle. Chi-square and binary logistic regression were used. Percentage of active commuting girls decreased significantly from 61 % to 48 % (p = 0.002) from 2001-2002 to 2006-2007. Walking declined from 61 % to 46 % and the use of bus/subway increased from 25 % to 37 % in girls. Girls belonging to average/small families had lower odds of being active commuters than girls of large families (OR, 95 % CI: 0.69, 0.48 to 0.98). There were no significant differences in mode of commuting to school for boys (p = 0.269). Spanish adolescent girls in 2007-2008 had lower levels of active commuting to school, mainly walking, than their counterparts 6 years before. Belonging to a large family was related with higher active commuting in girls.

Accident analysis and control options in support of the sludge water system safety analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

HEY, B.E.

A hazards analysis was initiated for the SWS in July 2001 (SNF-8626, K Basin Sludge and Water System Preliminary Hazard Analysis) and updated in December 2001 (SNF-10020 Rev. 0, Hazard Evaluation for KE Sludge and Water System - Project A16) based on conceptual design information for the Sludge Retrieval System (SRS) and 60% design information for the cask and container. SNF-10020 was again revised in September 2002 to incorporate new hazards identified from final design information and from a What-if/Checklist evaluation of operational steps. The process hazards, controls, and qualitative consequence and frequency estimates taken from these efforts have beenmore » incorporated into Revision 5 of HNF-3960, K Basins Hazards Analysis. The hazards identification process documented in the above referenced reports utilized standard industrial safety techniques (AIChE 1992, Guidelines for Hazard Evaluation Procedures) to systematically guide several interdisciplinary teams through the system using a pre-established set of process parameters (e.g., flow, temperature, pressure) and guide words (e.g., high, low, more, less). The teams generally included representation from the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), K Basins Nuclear Safety, T Plant Nuclear Safety, K Basin Industrial Safety, fire protection, project engineering, operations, and facility engineering.« less

National inventory of perfluoroalkyl substances in archived U.S. biosolids from the 2001 EPA National Sewage Sludge Survey

PubMed Central

Venkatesan, Arjun K.; Halden, Rolf U.

2013-01-01

Using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry, we determined the first nationwide inventories of 13 perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in U.S. biosolids via analysis of samples collected by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the 2001 National Sewage Sludge Survey. Perfluorooctane sulfonate [PFOS; 403 ± 127 ng/g dry weight (dw)] was the most abundant PFAS detected in biosolids composites representing 32 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, followed by perfluorooctanoate [PFOA; 34 ± 22 ng/g dw] and perfluorodecanoate [PFDA; 26 ± 20 ng/g dw]. Mean concentrations in U.S. biosolids of the remaining ten PFASs ranged between 2 and 21 ng/g dw. Interestingly, concentrations of PFOS determined here in biosolids collected prior to the phase-out period (2002) were similar to levels reported in the literature for recent years. The mean load of ΣPFASs in U.S. biosolids was estimated at 2749–3450 kg/year, of which about 1375–2070 kg is applied on agricultural land and 467–587 kg goes to landfills as an alternative disposal route. This study informs the risk assessment of PFASs by furnishing national inventories of PFASs occurrence and environmental release via biosolids application on land. PMID:23562984

In-flight measured and predicted ambient dose equivalent and latitude differences on effective dose estimates.

PubMed

Saez Vergara, J C; Romero Gutiérrez, A M; Rodriguez Jiménez, R; Dominguez-Mompell Román, R

2004-01-01

The results from 2 years (2001-2002) of experimental measurements of in-board radiation doses received at IBERIA commercial flights are presented. The routes studied cover the most significant destinations and provide a good estimate of the route doses as required by the new Spanish regulations on air crew radiation protection. Details on the experimental procedures and calibration methods are given. The experimental measurements from the different instruments (Tissue Equivalent Proportional Counter and the combination of a high pressure ion chamber and a high-energy neutron compensated rem-counter) and their comparison with the predictions from some route-dose codes (CARI-6, EPCARD 3.2) are discussed. In contrast with the already published data, which are mainly focused on North latitudes over parallel 50, many of the data presented in this work have been obtained for routes from Spain to Central and South America.

Air quality at a snowmobile staging area and snow chemistry on and off trail in a Rocky Mountain subalpine forest, Snowy Range, Wyoming

Treesearch

Robert C. Musselman; John L. Korfmacher

2007-01-01

A study was begun in the winter of 2000-2001 and continued through the winter of 2001-2002 to examine air quality at the Green Rock snowmobile staging area at 2,985 m elevation in the Snowy Range of Wyoming. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of winter recreation snowmobile activity on air quality at this high elevation site by measuring levels of...

Quantitative Developments of Biomolecular Databases, Measurement Methodology, and Comprehensive Transport Models for Bioanalytical Microfluidics

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-10-01

Gibbs, E. M., Fletterick, R. J., Day, Y. S. N., Myszka, D. G., and Rath, V. L. (2002) “Structure-activity analysis of the purine-binding site of human ...Rich, R. L., Day, Y. S. N., Morton, T. A., and Myszka, D. G., (2001) “High- resolution and high-throughput protocols for measuring drug/ human serum...entire text) 1. Attard, P., Images of nanobubbles on hydrophobic surfaces and their interactions. Phys. Rev. Lett., 2001. 87. 2. Ottino, J.M

Terrorist and Organized Crime Groups in the Tri-Border Area (TBA) of South America

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-07-01

in Paraguay, Uruguay, and Ecuador .”41 Mark Davidson, spokesman for the U.S. Embassy in Asunción, affirmed on May 22, 2002, that the TBA is... Ecuador , in April 2001.66 On October 10, 2001, a group of ten terrorists identified as belonging to a Lebanese Hizballah cell was reportedly caught in...with established Arab or Muslim communities, such as Iquique, Chile; Guayaquil, Ecuador ; and Maracaibo, Venezuela. There are also indications that

Analysis of a Novel Paralogue of SWI/SNF Member p270, Which is Frequently Down-Regulated in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-07-01

Viruses and Cell Cycle Control, July 2004, University of Wisconsin, Madison (NCI Travel Award to attend ($750)). "* Norman G. Nagl, Jr., Xiaomei Wang...DNA Tumor Viruses and Cell Cycle Control, July 2002, University of Wisconsin, Madison "* Norman G. Nagl, Jr., Xiaomei Wang, Deborah Wilsker, Michael...Presented at the 2001 Meeting on Small DNA Tumor Viruses and Cell Cycle Control, Cambridge University, Cambridge, UK (NCI Travel Award to attend the 2001

Medical Surveillance Monthly Report (MSMR). Volume 12, Number 9, December 2006

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

497-504. 3. State-specific prevalence of obesity among adults – US, 2005. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR) 2006 Sep 15;55(36):985-8. 4...2003. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report 2005 (January 21); 54(02);36-39. 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 Cases Cases Cases Cases Cases...Environ Med 2002 Aug;73(8):812-6. 8. White MR, McNally MS. Morbidity and mortality in U.S. Navy personnel from exposures to hazardous materials, 1974

CDDIS 2002 Global Data Center Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noll, Carey E.

2004-01-01

The Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) has supported the International GPS Service (IGS) as a global data center since 1992. The CDDIS activities within the IGS during 2002 are summarized below; this report also includes any changes or enhancements made to the CDDIS during the past year. General CDDIS background and system information can be found in the CDDIS data center summary included in the IGS 1994 Annual Report (Noll, 1995) as well as the subsequent updates (Noll, 1996, Noll, 1997, Noll, 1998, Noll, 1999, and Noll, 2001).

Interim Data Changes in the Short-term Energy Outlook Data Systems Related to Electric Power Sector and Natural Gas Demand Data Revisions (Short-Term Energy Outlook Supplement December 2002)

EIA Publications

2002-01-01

Beginning with the December 2002 issue of the Energy Information Administration's Short-Term Energy Outlook (STEO), electricity generation and related fuel consumption totals will be presented on a basis that is consistent with the definitions and aggregates used in the 2001 edition of EIA's Annual Energy Review (AER). Particularly affected by these changes are the demand and balancing item totals for natural

The Dynamic Terrorist Threat: An Assessment of Group Motivations and Capabilities in a Changing World

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-01-01

performed in four programs: Aerospace Force Development; Manpower, Personnel, and Training; Resource Management ; and Strategy and Doctrine. Additional...in- capable group, such as the Palestinian Islamic Jihad (PIJ), would likely be just as challenging if it managed to increase its capabilities to the...2002, p. A1; “The Old West Comes to Israel,” Asia Times, November 16, 2002. 69McGeary (2001, p. 52). 70Jared Kotler , “Guerrillas to Study Curbing the

Ranavirus outbreaks in amphibian populations of northern Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Russell, Danelle M.; Goldberg, Caren S.; Sprague, Laura; Waits, Lisette P.; Green, D. Earl; Schuler, Krysten L.; Rosenblum, Erica Bree

2011-01-01

Ranavirus outbreaks, caused by pathogens in the genus Ranavirus (Family Iridoviridae), were the largest single cause of reported amphibian mass mortality events in the United States from 1996–2001 (Green et al. 2002). Mortality events associated with ranaviruses have been documented on five continents and throughout the latitudes and elevations where amphibians occur (Gray et al. 2009). However, the threat of ranaviruses to amphibian and reptile populations in specific regions is still largely unknown (Chinchar 2002; Gray et al. 2009).

Strategies for Monitoring the Performance of DNAPL Source Zone Remedies. Technical/Regulatory Guidelines

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-08-01

Vinegar , 2002; Bierschenk, et al., 2004; Baker and Kuhlman, 2002). It should be noted that the presence of even small amounts of liquid water will limit...Bioremediation of Trichloroethene.” Environmental Science and Technology, 36(10):2262–68. Stegemeier, G.L., and H.J. Vinegar . 2001. “Thermal Conduction...1134. Vinegar , H.J., G.L. Stegemeier, F.G. Carl, J.D. Stevenson, and R.J. Dudley. 1999. “In Situ Thermal Desorption of Soils Impacted with Chlorinated

Gene-Environment Interaction and Breast Cancer on Long Island, NY

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

Report on Human Exposure to Environmental Chemicals, 2005; 6–11-year age group, 2001–2002 survey years; 1999–2000 survey years used for 2,4-DCP and 2,5-DCP...Examination Survey (NHANES) conducted between 1999 and 2002 (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 2005). NHANES is designed to collect data on the...The CDC has previ- ously reported concentrations in child partici- pants in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for some

41 CFR 102-118.115 - Must my agency use a GBL?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the maximum extent possible. Effective March 31, 2002, your agency must phase out the use of the... for international shipments. [65 FR 24569, Apr. 26, 2000, as amended at 66 FR 48812, Sept. 24, 2001] ...

Foreword

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benisty, Henri; Kawakami, Shojiro; Norris, David J.; Soukoulis, Costas M.

2004-10-01

The Fifth International Symposium on Photonic and Electromagnetic Crystal Structures (PECS-V) was held in Kyoto, Japan (2004). The Symposium followed the format of previous international meetings held at Laguna Beach, USA (1999), Sendai, Japan (2000), St. Andrews, UK (2001) and Los Angeles, USA (2002).

ENVIRONMENTAL MASS SPECTROMETRY: EMERGING CONTAMINANTS AND CURRENT ISSUES

EPA Science Inventory

This review covers developments in environmental mass spectrometry over the period of 2000-2001. A few significant references that appeared between January and February 2002 are also included. The previous Environmental Mass Spectrometry review was very comprehensive, including...

Genetics Home Reference: hand-foot-genital syndrome

MedlinePlus

... article on PubMed Central Goodman FR, Scambler PJ. Human HOX gene mutations. Clin Genet. 2001 Jan;59(1):1- ... on PubMed Goodman FR. Limb malformations and the human HOX genes. Am J Med Genet. 2002 Oct 15;112( ...

Mediagraphy: Print and Nonprint Resources.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burdett, Anna E.

2003-01-01

Lists media-related journals, books, ERIC documents, journal articles, and nonprint resources published in 2001-2002. The annotated entries are classified under the following headings: artificial intelligence; computer assisted instruction; distance education; educational research; educational technology; information science and technology;…

Mergers + acquisitions.

PubMed

Hoppszallern, Suzanna

2002-05-01

The hospital sector in 2001 led the health care field in mergers and acquisitions. Most deals involved a network augmenting its presence within a specific region or in a market adjacent to its primary service area. Analysts expect M&A activity to increase in 2002.

75 FR 61853 - Privacy Act of 1974, as Amended, System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... OFAC pursuant to Section 2002 of Public Law 106-386, Victims of Trafficking and Violence Protection Act... Trafficking and Violence Protection Act of 2000 (Pub. L. 106-386, Section 2002). Categories of Records in the... Violence Protection Act of 2000 (Pub. L. 106-386). Authority for Maintenance of the System: 3 U.S.C. 301...

Preparing for disasters: Enhancing the role of pediatric nurses in wartime.

PubMed

Ferguson, Stephanie L

2002-08-01

During the tragic terrorist attacks that occurred against the United States on September 11, 2001, nurses were on the front lines making a difference for patients, families, and children. As noted in the American Nurse, the official publication of the American Nurses Association, "September 11, 2001, is no longer just a day gone by. It now takes the place alongside other infamous dates like December 7, 1941, the attack on Pearl Harbor by Japan" (Trossman, 2001, p. 1). This article will focus on resources available for pediatric nurses to use when working with children and families who are either preparing for or responding to disasters. Copyright 2002, Elsevier Science (USA). All rights reserved.

Tackling Health Inequalities in the United Kingdom: The Progress and Pitfalls of Policy

PubMed Central

Exworthy, Mark; Blane, David; Marmot, Michael

2003-01-01

Goal Assess the progress and pitfalls of current United Kingdom (U.K.) policies to reduce health inequalities. Objectives (1) Describe the context enabling health inequalities to get onto the policy agenda in the United Kingdom. (2) Categorize and assess selected current U.K. policies that may affect health inequalities. (3) Apply the “policy windows” model to understand the issues faced in formulating and implementing such policies. (4) Examine the emerging policy challenges in the U.K. and elsewhere. Data Sources Official documents, secondary analyses, and interviews with policymakers. Study Design Qualitative, policy analysis. Data Collection 2001–2002. The methods were divided into two stages. The first identified policies which were connected with individual inquiry recommendations. The second involved case-studies of three policies areas which were thought to be crucial in tackling health inequalities. Both stages involved interviews with policy-makers and documentary analysis. Principal Findings (1) The current U.K. government stated a commitment to reducing health inequalities. (2) The government has begun to implement policies that address the wider determinants. (3) Some progress is evident but many indicators remain stubborn. (4) Difficulties remain in terms of coordinating policies across government and measuring progress. (5) The “policy windows” model explains the limited extent of progress and highlights current and possible future pitfalls. (6) The U.K.'s experience has lessons for other governments involved in tackling health inequalities. Conclusions Health inequalities are on the agenda of U.K. government policy and steps have been made to address them. There are some signs of progress but much remains to be done including overcoming some of the perverse incentives at the national level, improving joint working, ensuring appropriate measures of performance/progress, and improving monitoring arrangements. A conceptual policy model aids understanding and points to ways of sustaining and extending the recent progress and overcoming pitfalls. PMID:14727803

Solving Large Problems Quickly: Progress in 2001-2003

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mowry, Todd C.; Colohan, Christopher B.; Brown, Angela Demke; Steffan, J. Gregory; Zhai, Antonia

2004-01-01

This document describes the progress we have made and the lessons we have learned in 2001 through 2003 under the NASA grant entitled "Solving Important Problems Faster". The long-term goal of this research is to accelerate large, irregular scientific applications which have enormous data sets and which are difficult to parallelize. To accomplish this goal, we are exploring two complementary techniques: (i) using compiler-inserted prefetching to automatically hide the I/O latency of accessing these large data sets from disk; and (ii) using thread-level data speculation to enable the optimistic parallelization of applications despite uncertainty as to whether data dependences exist between the resulting threads which would normally make them unsafe to execute in parallel. Overall, we made significant progress in 2001 through 2003, and the project has gone well.

Report: Audit of EPA’s Fiscal 2002 and 2001 Financial Statements

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #2003-1-00045, January 29, 2003. We did not identify any inconsistencies between the info presented in EPA’s financial statements and the info presented in EPA’s RSSI, Required Supplemental Information, and Management Discussion and Analysis.

Maintenance paintings of various bridge projects during 2001-2002 : Kentucky Highway Investigative Task 42.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-03-01

The Kentucky Transportation Center (KTC) at the University of Kentucky has performed a series of research studies for the Kentucky Transportation Cabinet (KYTC) to monitor various experimental bridge painting projects and conduct investigative work f...

Rookies No More

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harrington-Lueker, Donna

2008-01-01

Six years ago, to gauge the challenges facing new school system leaders, "The School Administrator" tracked the challenges of six superintendents who had assumed their first superintendency in summer 2001. The story of their experiences, "Superintendent Rookies," appeared in the magazine's October 2002 issue. The six…

24 CFR 3285.4 - Incorporation by reference (IBR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units, 2002, IBR approved for § 3285.312(a)(1)(i). (2) ASTM D... Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, 2001 edition, IBR approved for §§ 3285.905(a) and 3285.905(d)(3). (2...

24 CFR 3285.4 - Incorporation by reference (IBR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Specification for Loadbearing Concrete Masonry Units, 2002, IBR approved for § 3285.312(a)(1)(i). (2) ASTM D... Installation of Oil Burning Equipment, 2001 edition, IBR approved for §§ 3285.905(a) and 3285.905(d)(3). (2...

Louisiana offshore terminal authority environmental monitoring 2001-2002 marine/estuarine : Part 2.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-09-01

The objectives of the monitoring program are (1) to maintain seasonal environmental and ecological data so that conditions existing during operations can be related to historical baseline conditions; (2) to detect during the operation of the deepwate...

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Transits observed in OGLE 2001-2003 (Udalski+, 2002-2004)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udalski, A.; Paczynski, B.; Zebrun, K.; Szymanski, M.; Kubiak, M.; Soszinski, I.; Szewczyk, O.; Wyrzykowski, L.; Pietrzynski, G.

2003-11-01

We present results of an extensive photometric search for planetary and low-luminosity object transits in the Galactic disk stars commencing the third phase of the Optical Gravitational Lensing Experiment - OGLE-III. (1 data file).

Drug and alcohol testing results 2002 annual report

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-02-01

This the 7th annual report of the results of the FTA Drug and Alcohol Testing Program. The report summarizes the new reporting requirements introduced for calendar year 2001, the requirements of the overall drug and alcohol testing program, the resul...

Temporal Trends in the Use of Parenteral Nutrition in Critically Ill Patients

PubMed Central

Kahn, Jeremy M.; Wunsch, Hannah

2014-01-01

Background: Clinical practice guidelines recommend enteral over parenteral nutrition in critical illness and do not recommend early initiation. Few data are available on parenteral nutrition use or timing of initiation in the ICU or how this use may have changed over time. Methods: We used the Project IMPACT database to evaluate temporal trends in parenteral nutrition use (total and partial parenteral nutrition and lipid supplementation) and timing of initiation in adult ICU admissions from 2001 to 2008. We used χ2 tests and analysis of variance to examine characteristics of patients receiving parenteral nutrition and multilevel multivariate logistic regression models to assess parenteral nutrition use over time, in all patients and in specific subgroups. Results: Of 337,442 patients, 20,913 (6.2%) received parenteral nutrition. Adjusting for patient characteristics, the use of parenteral nutrition decreased modestly over time (adjusted probability, 7.2% in 2001-2002 vs 5.5% in 2007-2008, P < .001). Enteral nutrition use increased simultaneously (adjusted probability, 11.5% in 2001-2002 vs 15.3% in 2007-2008, P < .001). Use of parenteral nutrition declined most rapidly in emergent surgical patients, patients with moderate illness severity, patients in the surgical ICU, and patients admitted to an academic facility (P ≤ .01 for all interactions with year). When used, parenteral nutrition was initiated a median of 2 days (interquartile range, 1-3), after ICU admission and > 90% of patients had parenteral nutrition initiated within 7 days; timing of initiation of parenteral nutrition did not change from 2001 to 2008. Conclusions: Use of parenteral nutrition in US ICUs declined from 2001 through 2008 in all patients and in all examined subgroups, with the majority of parenteral nutrition initiated within the first 7 days in ICU; enteral nutrition use coincidently increased over the same time period. PMID:24233390

Cardiac events in New Jersey after the September 11, 2001, terrorist attack.

PubMed

Allegra, John R; Mostashari, Farzad; Rothman, Jonathan; Milano, Peter; Cochrane, Dennis G

2005-09-01

The higher stress associated with the World Trade Center (WTC) attacks on September 11, 2001, may have resulted in more cardiac events particularly in those living in close proximity. Our goal was to determine if there was an increase in cardiac events in a subset of emergency departments (EDs) within a 50-mi radius of the WTC. We performed a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients seen by ED physicians in 16 EDs for the 60 days before and after September 11 in 2000-2002. We determined the number of patients admitted to an inpatient bed with a primary or secondary diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction (MI) or tachyarrhythmia. In each year, we compared patient visits for the 60 days before and after September 11 using the chi-square statistic. For the 360 days during the 3 years, there were 571,079 patient visits in the database of which 110,766 (19.4%) were admitted. Comparing the 60 days before and after September 11, 2001, we found a statistically significant increase in patients with MIs (79 patients before versus 118 patients after, P =.01), representing an increase of 49%. There were no statistically significant differences for MIs in 2000 and 2002 and in tachyarrhythmias for all three years. For the 60-day period after September 11, 2001, we found a statistically significant increase in the number of patients presenting with acute MI but no increase in patients admitted with tachyarrhythmias.

Fire impacts on European Boreal soils: A review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pereira, Paulo; Oliva, Marc; Cerda, Artemi

2016-04-01

Fire is an important natural disturbance in boreal ecosystems, fundamental to understand plant distribution (Ryan, 2002; Wallenius et al., 2004; Granstrom, 2001). Nevertheless, nowadays the intense and successful, fire suppression measures are changing their ecological role (Pereira et al., 2013a,b). This is consequence of the lack of understanding of stakeholders and decision makers about the role of the fire in the ecosystems (Mierasukas and Pereira, 2013; Pereira et al., 2016). This fire suppression measures are increasing the amount of fuel accumulation and the risk of severe wildfires, which can increase of frequency and severity in a context of climate change. Fire is a good tool for landscape management and restoration of degraded ecosystems (Toivanen and Kotiaho, 2007). Fire is considered a soil forming factor (Certini, 2014) and in boreal environments it has been observed that low fire severities, do not change importantly soil properties, mean fire severities induce positive impacts on soil, since add an important amounts of nutrients into soil profile and high severity fires had negative impacts due to the high consumption of organic matter (Vanha-Majamaa et al., 2007; Pereira et al., 2014). References Certini, G., 2014. Fire as a soil-forming factor. Ambio, 43, 191-195 Granstrom A. 2001. Fire management for biodiversity in the European Boreal forest. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research 3: 62-69. Mierauskas, P., Pereira, P. (2013) Stakeholders perception about prescribed fire use in Lithuania. First results, Flamma, 4(3), 157-161. Pereira, P., Cerdà, A., Jordán, A., Bolutiene, V., Úbeda, X., Pranskevicius, M., Mataix-Solera, J. (2013) Spatio-temporal vegetation recuperation after a grassland fire in Lithuania, Procedia Environmental Sciences, 19:856-864 Pereira, P., Mierauskas, P., Ubeda, X., Mataix-Solera, J.,Cerda, A. (2012) Fire in protected areas - the effect of the protection and importance of fire management, Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 1(59), 52-62. Pereira, P., Ubeda, X., Mataix-Solera, J., Oliva, M., Novara, A. (2014) Short-term spatio-temporal spring grassland fire effects on soil colour,organic matter and water repellency in Lithuania, Solid Earth, 5, 209-225. Ryan KC. 2002. Dynamic Interactions between forest structure and fire behavioural in boreal ecosystems. Silva Fennica 36: 13-39 Toivanen T, Kotiaho JS. 2007. Mimicking natural disturbances of boreal forests: the effects of controlled burning and creating dead wood on beetle diversity. Biodiversity Conservation 16: 3193-3211.

Evaluating Behaviorally Oriented Aviation Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) Training and Programs: Methods, Results, and Conclusions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Taylor, James C.; Thomas, Robert L., III

2003-01-01

Assessment of the impact of Aviation Resource Management Programs on aviation culture and performance has compelled a considerable body of research (Taylor & Robertson, 1995; Taylor, 1998; Taylor & Patankar, 2001). In recent years new methods have been applied to the problem of maintenance error precipitated by factors such as the need for self-assessment of communication and trust. The present study - 2002 -- is an extension of that past work. This research project was designed as the conclusion of a larger effort to help understand, evaluate and validate the impact of Maintenance Resource Management (MRM) training programs, and other MRM interventions on participant attitudes, opinions, behaviors, and ultimately on enhanced safety performance. It includes research and development of evaluation methodology as well as examination of psychological constructs and correlates of maintainer performance. In particular, during 2002, three issues were addressed. First, the evaluation of two (independent & different) MRM programs for changing behaviors was undertaken. In one case we were able to further apply the approach to measuring written communication developed during 2001 (Taylor, 2002; Taylor & Thomas, 2003). Second, the MRM/TOQ surveys were made available for completion on the internet. The responses from these on-line surveys were automatically linked to a results calculator (like the one developed and described in Taylor, 2002) to aid industry users in analyzing and evaluating their local survey data on the internet. Third, the main trends and themes from our research about MRM programs over the past dozen years were reviewed.

The impact of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) program on radiation and tissue banking in Brazil.

PubMed

Herson, Marisa Roma; Mathor, Monica Beatriz; Morales Pedraza, Jorge

2009-05-01

Until 2000, efforts into organising tissue banks in Brazil had not progressed far beyond small "in house" tissue storage repositories, usually annexed to Orthopaedic Surgery Services. Despite the professional entrepreneurship of those working as part time tissue bankers in such operations, best practices in tissue banking were not always followed due to the lack of regulatory standards, specialised training, adequate facilities and dedicated personnel. The Skin Bank of the Plastic Surgery Department of the Hospital das Clinicas of Sao Paulo, the single skin bank in Brazil, was not an exception. Since 1956, restricted and unpredictable amounts of skin allografts were stored under refrigeration for short periods under very limited quality controls. As in most "tissue banks" at that time in Brazil, medical and nursing staff worked on a volunteer and informal basis undergoing no specific training. IAEA supported the implementation of the tissue banking program in Brazil through the regional project RLA/7/009 "Quality system for the production of irradiated sterilised grafts" (1998-2000) and through two interregional projects INT/6/049 "Interregional Centre of Excellence in Tissue Banking", during the period 2002-2004 and INT/6/052 "Improving the Quality of Production and Uses of Radiation Sterilised Tissue Grafts", during the period 2002-2004. In 2001-2002, the first two years of operation of the HC-Tissue Bank, 53 skin transplants were carried out instead of the previous 4-5 a year. During this period, 75 individuals donated skin tissue, generating approximately 90,000 cm(2) of skin graft. The IAEA program were of great benefit to Brazilian tissue banking which has evolved from scattered make shift small operations to a well-established, high quality tissue banking scenario.

10 CFR 20.2001 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General requirements. 20.2001 Section 20.2001 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2001 General requirements. (a) A licensee shall dispose of licensed material only— (1) By transfer to an authorized...

10 CFR 20.2001 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false General requirements. 20.2001 Section 20.2001 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2001 General requirements. (a) A licensee shall dispose of licensed material only— (1) By transfer to an authorized...

10 CFR 20.2001 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false General requirements. 20.2001 Section 20.2001 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2001 General requirements. (a) A licensee shall dispose of licensed material only— (1) By transfer to an authorized...

10 CFR 20.2001 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false General requirements. 20.2001 Section 20.2001 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2001 General requirements. (a) A licensee shall dispose of licensed material only— (1) By transfer to an authorized...

10 CFR 20.2001 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false General requirements. 20.2001 Section 20.2001 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Waste Disposal § 20.2001 General requirements. (a) A licensee shall dispose of licensed material only— (1) By transfer to an authorized...

Domestic Event Support Operations (DESO)

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-02-01

Examples include EOD Technicians, doctors, nurses , and signalers. The capability also needed dedicated support from DSTO, which eventually became...attacks led to the postponement of CHOGM 2001 and the suspension of Operation GUARDIAN. The activity was rescheduled for March 2002 to be held in the

VERIFYING CLEANER TECHNOLOGIES WITH EPA'S ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY VERIFICATION PROGRAM

EPA Science Inventory

The US EPA's Office of Research and Development Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program completed its five-year pilot period in 2001. Now in 2002 lessons learned in the pilot period are being incorporated seamlessly into six operating ETV Centers which cover technolo...

Report: Review of Hotline Complaint Regarding Residential Soil Contamination in Cherryvale, Kansas

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Report #13-P-0207, March 28, 2013. EPA Region 7 screened residential properties for soil contamination during its 2001–2002 removal activities near the former National Zinc Company smelter, but could not provide us with complete documentation.

Deaf-Blind Perspectives, 2001-2002.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malloy, Peggy, Ed.

2002-01-01

Three issues of this newsletter on deaf-blind issues include announcements, reviews, news items, and the following articles: "'What's My Role?' A Comparison of the Responsibilities of Interpreters, Interveners, and Support Service Providers" (Susanne Morgan); "A Support Service Provider Program in Utah" (Cordie Weed);…

A Comprehensive Context for Mobile-Code Deployment

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-01-01

18 Gal, Probst, Franz, 2003 Freund, Mitchell, 1999 Sohr, 1999, 2001 Microsoft, 2000 LSDRG, 2002 Dean, Felten, Balfanz , Wallach, 2003 Govindavajhala...D. Balfanz . Java security: Web browsers and beyond. In D. E. Denning and P. J. Denning, editors, Internet Besieged: Countering Cyberspace Scofflaws

Arizona Intelligent Vehicle Research Program - Phase Two(b) : 2001-2002

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2003-09-01

This report covers Phase Two(b) of a long-term in-house advanced vehicle research program of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT) and its Arizona Transportation Research Center (ATRC). The focus of the research evolved early to winter main...

78 FR 25353 - Proposed Guidance on Deposit Advance Products; Withdrawal of Proposed Guidance on Deposit-Related...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-30

... existing customer relationships. \\5\\ See OCC Bulletin, 2001-47, ``Third-Party Relationships: Risk Management Principles for Third-Party Relationships'' (November 1 2001). Compliance and Consumer Protection... protection statutes, management's oversight, and relationships with third parties will also be assessed...

24 CFR 5.2001 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... GENERAL HUD PROGRAM REQUIREMENTS; WAIVERS Protection for Victims of Domestic Violence in Public and Section 8 Housing § 5.2001 Applicability. This subpart addresses the protections for victims of domestic violence residing in public and Section 8 housing, as provided in the 1937 Act, as amended by the Violence...

77 FR 31262 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Kentucky; Louisville; Fine Particulate Matter...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-25

... Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Kentucky; Louisville; Fine Particulate Matter 2002 Base Year Emissions... approve the fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) 2002 base year emissions inventory, portion of the State...), a reasonable further progress (RFP) plan, contingency measures, a 2002 base year emissions inventory...

J-shaped relationship between habitual coffee consumption and 10-year (2002-2012) cardiovascular disease incidence: the ATTICA study.

PubMed

Kouli, Georgia-Maria; Panagiotakos, Demosthenes B; Georgousopoulou, Ekavi N; Mellor, Duane D; Chrysohoou, Christina; Zana, Adela; Tsigos, Constantine; Tousoulis, Dimitrios; Stefanadis, Christodoulos; Pitsavos, Christos

2018-06-01

The purpose of this work was to evaluate the association between coffee consumption and 10-year cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence in the ATTICA study, and whether this is modified by the presence or absence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) at baseline. During 2001-2002, 3042 healthy adults (1514 men and 1528 women) living in the greater area of Athens were voluntarily recruited to the ATTICA study. In 2011-2012, the 10-year follow-up was performed in 2583 participants (15% of the participants were lost to follow-up). Coffee consumption was assessed by a validated food-frequency questionnaire at baseline (abstention, low, moderate, heavy). Incidence of fatal or non-fatal CVD event was recorded using WHO-ICD-10 criteria and MetS was defined by the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment panel III (revised) criteria. Overall, after controlling for potential CVD risk factors, the multivariate analysis revealed a J-shaped association between daily coffee drinking and the risk for a first CVD event in a 10-year period. Particularly, the odds ratio for low (<150 ml/day), moderate (150-250 ml/day) and heavy coffee consumption (>250 ml/day), compared to abstention, were 0.44 (95% CI 0.29-0.68), 0.49 (95% CI 0.27-0.92) and 2.48 (95% CI 1.56-1.93), respectively. This inverse association was also verified among participants without MetS at baseline, but not among participants with the MetS. These data support the protective effect of drinking moderate quantities of coffee (equivalent to approximately 1-2 cups daily) against CVD incidents. This protective effect was only significant for participants without MetS at baseline.

Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory: 2012 September - 2013 January

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warner, Brian D.

2013-04-01

Lightcurves for 40 asteroids were obtained at the Palmer Divide Observatory (PDO) from 2012 September to 2013 January: 495 Eulalia, 1694 Kaiser, 2001 Einstein, 3086 Kalbaugh, 3635 Kreutz, 5806 Archieroy, 6310 Jankonke, 6447 Terrycole, 6744 Komoda, 7086 Bopp, 7560 Spudis, 8325 Trigo-Rodriguez, 11149 Tateshina, 11709 Eudoxos, (13245) 1998 MM19, (13573) 1993 FZ18, 14395 Tommorgan, 15434 Mittal, (17657) 1996 VO4, (22013) 1999 XO89, (26916) 1996 RR2, 27776 Cortland, (30878) 1992 GQ, (30981) 1995 SJ4, (31831) 1999 YL, (32626) 2001 RX64, (51371) 2000 XF15, 55844 Bicak, (55854) 1996 VS1, (63440) 2001 MD30, (66832) 1999 UE45, (70927) 1999 VX210, (72675) 2001 FP54, (86388) 2000 AT60, (90988) 1997 XS13, (123937) 2001 EX16, (136017) 2002 VH74, (192683) 1999 SO27, (330825) 2008 XE3, and 2012 TC4. Based on data and analysis in 2012 for 27776 Cortland, the previously reported period from 2009 has been revised.

Noodle consumption patterns of American consumers: NHANES 2001-2002

PubMed Central

Chung, Chin Eun; Lee, Kyung Won

2010-01-01

Although noodles occupy an important place in the dietary lives of Americans, up until the present time research and in-depth data on the noodle consumption patterns of the US population have been very limited. Therefore, this study aimed to analyze the food consumption and diet patterns of noodle consumers and non-consumers according to age, gender, income, and ethnicity. The 2001-2002 NHANES databases were used. The NHANES 2001-2002 data showed that noodle consumers reporting noodle consumption in their 24-h recall were 2,035 individuals (23.3% of total subjects). According to the results, the mean noodle consumption was 304.1 g/day/person, with 334.3 g for males and 268.0 g for females. By age, the intake of those in the age range of 9-18 years old ranked highest at 353.0 g, followed by the order of 19-50 year-olds with 333.5 g, 51-70 year-olds with by 280.4 g, older than 71years old with 252.3 g, and 1-8 year-olds with 221.5 g. By gender, males consumed more noodles than females. Also, according to income, the intake amount for the middle-income level (PIR 1~1.85) of consumers was highest at 312.5 g. Noodle intake also showed different patterns by ethnicity in which the "other" ethnic group consumed the most noodles with 366.1 g, followed by, in order, Hispanics with 318.7 g, Whites with 298.6 g, and Blacks with 289.5 g. After comparing food consumption by dividing the subjects into noodle consumers and non-consumers, the former was more likely to consume milk, fish, citrus fruits, tomatoes, and alcoholic beverages while the latter preferred meat, poultry, bread, and non-alcohol beverages. PMID:20607071

Acute bronchiolitis in a paediatric emergency department of Northern Greece. Comparisons between two decades

PubMed Central

Emporiadou, Maria; Aivazis, Victor; Mauromixalis, John; Hatzistilianou, Maria

2012-01-01

Introduction Acute bronchiolitis is the most common lower respiratory tract infection in infants and toddlers concerning small bronchi or bronchioli. This retrospective study aimed to evaluate the incidence of acute bronchiolitis and the use of β2-agonists between two different decades. Material and methods During 1990-1991 and 2001-2002, the files of the 2nd Paediatric Emergency Department of Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, AHEPA Hospital were reviewed and cases of acute bronchiolitis were recorded and analysed. Results During 1990-1991, 14 538 children were identified with respiratory infections and bronchiolitis was diagnosed in 519/14 538 children (3.56%). Only 34 out of 519 patients received nebulised salbutamol (6.6%) and 221/519 were hospitalized (42.6%). During 2001-2002, 9001 children were found to have respiratory tract infections and acute bronchiolitis was diagnosed in 641/9001 of them (7.12%). In total, 411/641 children (64.1%) received salbutamol and ipratropium, and 89/641 patients (13.88%) were hospitalized. There was a predominance of male sex in both decades (p = 0.509). There was a statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) concerning the use of nebulised salbutamol with nebulised ipratropium between the two decades. Finally, during 2001-2002, the use of bronchodilators with or without corticosteroids was more frequent and it appears to be correlated with the reduced number of admissions to hospital (p < 0.05) compared with 1990-1991. Conclusions There was an increase in the incidence of acute bronchiolitis during the last decade. The admission rate decreased probably due to the use of nebulized salbutamol and ipratropium, but further multicentre comparative trials are required to define the role of bronchodilators in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis. PMID:22852008

[Incidence and clinical manifestations at onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in Galicia (Spain): 2001-2002].

PubMed

Cepedano Dans, A; Barreiro Conde, J; Pombo Arias, M

2005-02-01

To determine the epidemiology, clinical manifestations and laboratory results at onset of type 1 diabetes mellitus in children aged 0-14 years from January 2001 to December 2002. All children younger than 14 years old living in Galicia (Spain) and admitted to one of the hospitals of the Galician health service with a diagnosis of type 1 diabetes mellitus from 2001-2002 were included. A questionnaire was administered to collect data on age, sex, place of residence, associated autoimmune disorders, family history, clinical manifestations before onset and their duration, and biochemical parameters at diagnosis (glycemia, HbA1c, pH and bicarbonate). A total of 109 children were diagnosed (48 girls and 61 boys). The annual incidence (per 100,000 pediatric inhabitants) was 17.6. A higher frequency was found in winter (33 %) and spring (26 %) than in autumn (21.3 %) and summer (20.3 %). Admissions were most frequent among 5-9 year-olds (40.3 %), followed by 10-14 year-olds (33 %) and 0-4 year-olds (26.6 %). The most frequent clinical manifestations were polyuria and polydipsia (95.8 %). Nycturia or enuresis and weight loss were also described. The mean duration of these symptoms was 25.4 days in the group of children aged between 10-14 years old, 21.7 days in those aged 5-9 years old and 13.6 days in those younger than 4 years old. In one-third of the patients, the initial presentation was ketoacidosis. The incidence of type 1 diabetes mellitus among Galician children is high. The interval between the onset of the first symptoms and diagnosis is long. In 31.7 % of the patients, the initial event was ketoacidosis.

Mapping malaria incidence distribution that accounts for environmental factors in Maputo Province - Mozambique

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background The objective was to study if an association exists between the incidence of malaria and some weather parameters in tropical Maputo province, Mozambique. Methods A Bayesian hierarchical model to malaria count data aggregated at district level over a two years period is formulated. This model made it possible to account for spatial area variations. The model was extended to include environmental covariates temperature and rainfall. Study period was then divided into two climate conditions: rainy and dry seasons. The incidences of malaria between the two seasons were compared. Parameter estimation and inference were carried out using MCMC simulation techniques based on Poisson variation. Model comparisons are made using DIC. Results For winter season, in 2001 the temperature covariate with estimated value of -8.88 shows no association to malaria incidence. In year 2002, the parameter estimation of the same covariate resulted in 5.498 of positive level of association. In both years rainfall covariate determines no dependency to malaria incidence. Malaria transmission is higher in wet season with both covariates positively related to malaria with posterior means 1.99 and 2.83 in year 2001. For 2002 only temperature is associated to malaria incidence with estimated value 2.23. Conclusions The incidence of malaria in year 2001, presents an independent spatial pattern for temperature in summer and for rainfall in winter seasons respectively. In year 2002 temperature determines the spatial pattern of malaria incidence in the region. Temperature influences the model in cases where both covariates are introduced in winter and summer season. Its influence is extended to the summer model with temperature covariate only. It is reasonable to state that with the occurrence of high temperatures, malaria incidence had certainly escalated in this year. PMID:20302674

1992-2002: Perspective on a decade of tsunami field surveys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Okal, E. A.; Synolakis, C. E.; Borrero, J. C.; Members Of Itst, .

2003-12-01

The past decade has seen the systematic deployment of international field survey teams (ITST), following damaging regional tsunamis. Fourteen such surveys have been carried out: Nicaragua (1992), Okushiri (1993), Mindoro (1994), Java (1994), Flores (1994), Kuriles (1994), Mexico (1995), Biak (1996), Chimbote (1996), PNG (1998), Izmit (1999), Fatu Hiva (1999), Vanuatu (1999), Peru (2001) and PNG (2002). In addition, similar techniques have been applied to the survey of important historical tsunamis such as Aleutian (1946) and Amorgos (1956). The primary goal of the field surveys is to obtain a reliable, quantitative dataset of run-up and inundation measurements, which can be used in simulation experiments based on hydrodynamic modeling, in order to unravel the mechanism of generation of the tsunami. One of the most important results obtained from the compilation of such datasets has been the emergence of the aspect ratio of the distribution of run-up in the near field as a most promising discriminant between generation by the seismic dislocation (e.g., Nicaragua; Peru, 2001; PNG 2002) and by an underwater slump (e.g., Aleutian 1946, PNG 1998). Surveying also reveals localized enhancement of run-up, controlled on a smaller scale by occasional underwater landslides (Flores, 1992), splashes against cliffs (Mexico, 1995; Peru, 2001) or interaction with steep coastal valleys (Okushiri, 1993). Field surveys have also provided insight into engineering and societal factors controlling the extent of human and property losses, such as coastal land use, building codes and materials, and public education and awareness. To foster the latter, the teams constantly repeat simple messages on tsunami mitigation during one-on-one interviews with local residents, as well as town meetings. In this respect, the successful self-evacuation at Bay Mairtele, Vanuatu in 1999 is a gratifying example of the value of education.

Students' Progression in Monitoring Anomalous Results Obtained in Inquiry-Based Laboratory Tasks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crujeiras-Pérez, Beatriz; Jiménez-Aleixandre, Maria Pilar

2017-07-01

This paper examines students' engagement in monitoring anomalous results across a 2-year longitudinal study with 9th and 10th graders (14-15 and 15-16 years of age). The context is a set of five inquiry-based laboratory tasks, requiring students to plan and carry out investigations. The study seeks to examine students' interpretation of data, in particular anomalous results generated by them during the process of solving the tasks, and their ability to monitor them. Data collected include video and audio recordings as well as students' written products. For the analysis, two rubrics were developed drawing on Chinn and Brewer (Cognition and Instruction, 19, 323-393, 2001) and Hmelo-Silver et al. (Science Education, 86, 219-243, 2002). The findings point to a pattern of progress in students' responses across the 2 years: (a) responses revealing a low capacity of monitoring due to not recognizing the data as anomalous or recognizing it as anomalous but being unable to explain their causes are more frequent in the first tasks and (b) responses revealing an improved capacity of monitoring are more frequent in the last tasks. The factors influencing students' regulation of their performances, as the requirement of planning, and specific scaffolding based on activity theory are discussed.

Water, ice, and meteorological measurements at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, balance year 2002

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bidlake, William R.; Josberger, Edward G.; Savoca, Mark E.

2004-01-01

Winter snow accumulation and summer snow and ice ablation were measured at South Cascade Glacier, Washington, to estimate glacier mass balance quantities for balance year 2002. The 2002 glacier-average maximum winter snow balance was 4.02 meters, the second largest since 1959. The 2002 glacier summer, net, and annual (water year) balances were -3.47, 0.55, and 0.54 meters, respectively. The area of the glacier near the end of the balance year was 1.92 square kilometers, and the equilibrium-line altitude and the accumulation area ratio were 1,820 meters and 0.84, respectively. During September 20, 2001 to September 13, 2002, the terminus retreated 4 meters, and computed average ice speeds in the ablation area ranged from 7.8 to 20.7 meters per year. Runoff from the subbasin containing the glacier and from an adjacent non-glacierized basin were measured during part of the 2002 water year. Air temperature, precipitation, atmospheric water-vapor pressure, wind speed and incoming solar radiation were measured at selected locations near the glacier.

Surveillance of human influenza A(H3N2) virus from 1999 to 2009 in southern Italy.

PubMed

DE Donno, A; Idolo, A; Quattrocchi, M; Zizza, A; Gabutti, G; Romano, A; Grima, P; Donatelli, I; Guido, M

2014-05-01

The aim of this study was to evaluate the presence of influenza virus co-infections in humans and changes in the genetic variability of A(H3N2) virus strains in southern Italy from 1999 to 2009. A partial sequence of the haemagglutinin (HA) gene by human influenza H3N2 strains identified in oropharyngeal swabs from patients with influenza-like illness was analysed by DNA sequencing and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. During the seasons 1999-2000, 2002-2003, 2004-2005 and 2008-2009, the influenza viruses circulating belonged to subtype H3N2. However, A(H1N1) subtype virus and B type were respectively prevalent during the 2000-2001, 2006-2007, 2007-2008 and 2001-2002, 2003-2004, 2005-2006 seasons. The HA sequences appeared to be closely related to the sequence of the influenza A vaccine strain. Only the 2002-2003 season was characterized by co-circulation of two viral lineages: A/New York/55/01(H3N2)-like virus of the previous season and A/Fujian/411/02(H3N2)-like virus, a new H3 variant. In this study, over the decade analysed, no significant change was seen in the sequences of the HA gene of H3 viruses isolated.

The burden of road traffic accidents in a French Departement: the description of the injuries and recent changes

PubMed Central

Lapostolle, Annabelle; Gadegbeku, Blandine; Ndiaye, Amina; Amoros, Emmanuelle; Chiron, Mireille; Spira, Alfred; Laumon, Bernard

2009-01-01

Background A significant reduction in road traffic accidents has been observed since prevention measures were introduced by the French public authorities in 2002. The goals of this study are to describe the burden of road traffic accidents in a French Departement, and to identify changes if any between the periods 1997-2001 and 2002-2006 on the basis of the disability adjusted life years (DALY). Methods Years of lost life (YLL) and years lived with disability (YLD) were calculated for two periods using the mortality and incidence data in the Rhone Departement Registry of Road Traffic Accident Casualties. Results YLD and YLL that are related to road traffic accidents are at their maximum value between 15 and 24 years of age. For men, intracranial fractures and intracranial injuries dominate, and for women it is spinal cord injuries that account for highest rates of YLD. A reduction in the rates of YLL and YLD has been observed for both genders and all age groups between 1997-2001 and 2002-2006. Conclusion The reduction in DALY between the two periods is explained both by the reduction in the number of fatalities and injuries but also by an increase in the age at which they occur. PMID:19825170

Comparing the November 2002 Denali and November 2001 Kunlun earthquakes

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bufe, C.G.

2004-01-01

Major strike-slip earthquakes recently occurred in Alaska on the central Denali fault (M 7.9) on 3 November 2002, and in Tibet on the central Kunlun fault (M 7.8) on 14 November 2001. Both earthquakes generated large surface waves with Ms [U.S. Geological Survey (USGS)] of 8.5 (Denali) and 8.0 (Kunlun). Each event occurred on an east-west-trending strike-slip fault situated near the northern boundary of an intense deformation zone that is characterized by lateral extrusion and rotation of crustal blocks. Each earthquake produced east-directed nearly unilateral ruptures that propagated 300 to 400 km. Maximum lateral surface offsets and maximum moment release occurred well beyond 100 km from the rupture initiation, with the events exhibiting by far the largest separations of USGS hypocenter and Harvard Moment Tensor Centroid (CMT) for strike-slip earthquakes in the 27-year CMT catalog. In each sequence, the largest aftershock was more than two orders of magnitude smaller than the mainshock. Regional moment release had been accelerating prior to the main shocks. The close proximity in space and time of the 1964 Prince William Sound and 2002 Denali earthquakes, relative to their rupture lengths and estimated return times, suggests that these events may be part of a recurrent cluster in the vicinity of a complex plate boundary.

Protecting workers from secondhand smoke in North Carolina.

PubMed

Plescia, Marcus; Malek, Sally Herndon; Shopland, Donald R; Anderson, Christy M; Burns, David M

2005-01-01

Exposure to job-related secondhand smoke represents a significant, but entirely preventable occupational health risk to non-smoking workers. This article examines trends in smoke-free workplace policies in North Carolina. We also examine whether workers comply with such policies. Data from the Census Bureau's Current Population Survey were analyzed from 1992 through 2002. Trends for North Carolina workers are compared with workers nationally and trends are presented by age, race, gender, and type of worker. North Carolina ranks 35th in the proportion of its workforce reporting a smoke-free place of employment. The proportion of workers reporting such a policy doubled between 1992 and 2002. Females were more likely to reporta smoke-free work environment (72.0%, CI +/- 2.6) than males (61.2%, CI +/- 4.6%). Blue-collar (55.6%, CI +/- 5.5) and service workers (61.2%, CI +/- 8.4), especially males, were less likely to report a smoke-free worksite than white-collar workers (73.4%, CI +/- 2.6). Compliance with a smoke-free policy does not appear to be an issue, only 3.2% of workers statewide reported someone had violated their company's nonsmoking policy While some progress has been made in North Carolina to protect workers from secondhand smoke, significant disparities exist. Smoke-free policies can make a significant difference in reducing exposure to airborne toxins and their associated diseases, and these protective public health policies have not been shown to reduce business revenues. Much has been done to assure the health and safety of workers through public health policy However, opportunities to protect North Carolina workers from the health effects of secondhand smoke are limited by a preemptive state law.

Groundwater and Terrestrial Water Storage

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodell, Matthew; Chambers, Don P.; Famiglietti, James S.

2014-01-01

Terrestrial water storage (TWS) comprises groundwater, soil moisture, surface water, snow,and ice. Groundwater typically varies more slowly than the other TWS components because itis not in direct contact with the atmosphere, but often it has a larger range of variability onmultiannual timescales (Rodell and Famiglietti, 2001; Alley et al., 2002). In situ groundwaterdata are only archived and made available by a few countries. However, monthly TWSvariations observed by the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE; Tapley et al.,2004) satellite mission, which launched in 2002, are a reasonable proxy for unconfinedgroundwater at climatic scales.

Final Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Construction and Operation of a Live Fire-Fighting Training Area at Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-06-01

No. 950PAR118. This permit was originally issued on 28 August 1997, most recently reissued as of 01 July 2002, and expires 30 June 2007 (BAFB 2001...In July 2002, the CDPHE performed an inspection of stationary source emission units and determined that BAFB was in compliance with the Title V...during the winter, spring, and fall to 9.8 million gallons for the summer months, such as July . 3.11 HAZARDOUS MATERIALS AND SUBSTANCES The ROI for

Environmental Assessment for the Proposed Construction and Operation of an Outdoor Recreation Equipment Rental Facility at Buckley Air Force Base, Colorado

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-10-01

permit was originally issued on 28 August 1997, most recently reissued as of 01 July 2002, and expires 30 June 2007 (BAFB 2001). In July 2002, the...the months during winter, spring, and fall to 9.8 million gallons for the summer months, such as July . In the first quarter of FY 04, BAFB diverted...PS Form 3811, July 1999 Domestic Return Receipt UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE 102595-99-M-1 First-Class Mail Postage & Fees Paid USPS Permit No