Peripheral ossifying fibroma of oral cavity: histopathologic differential diagnoses.

PubMed

Shamim, Thorakkal

2012-01-01

Peripheral ossifying fibroma is a benign neoplasm that usuallydevelops from gingiva, presenting as an exophytic smooth surfaced pink or red nodular mass that is sessile or is less frequently seen on a pedicle. From the Indian perspective, it is usually noticed in 5th-6th decades of life with female predilection. Microscopically, the tumour shows stratified squamous epithelium and highly cellular fibrous stroma, sparse endothelial proliferation with fibroblasts and dystrophic calcifications. It has to be differentiated histopathologically from pyogenic granuloma, fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, peripheral odontogenic fibroma and fibrous hyperplasia. A case of peripheral ossifying fibroma of maxillary gingiva in a 55-year-old Indian woman is reported.

Low-grade osteosarcoma arising from cemento-ossifying fibroma: a case report

PubMed Central

Lee, Yong Bin; Kim, Nam-Kyoo; Kim, Jae-Young

2015-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are benign tumors, and, although cases of an aggressive type have been reported, no cases of cemento-ossifying fibroma transforming into osteosarcoma have been documented previously. Low-grade osteosarcoma is a rare type of primary bone tumor, representing 1%-2% of all osteosarcomas. A 45-year-old female patient was diagnosed with cemento-ossifying fibroma, treated with mass excision several times over a period of two years and eight months, and followed up. After biopsy gathered because of signs of recurrence, she was diagnosed with low-grade osteosarcoma. The patient underwent wide excision, segmental mandibulectomy, and reconstruction with fibula free flap. The aim of this report is to raise awareness of the possibility that cemento-ossifying fibroma can transform into osteosarcoma and of the consequent necessity for careful diagnosis and treatment planning. PMID:25741469

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of maxillary antrum in a young female patient.

PubMed

Singhal, A; Ram, R; Singhal, P; Bhatnagar, S; Das, U M

2011-12-01

The cemento-ossifying fibroma is classified as a fibro-osseous lesion of the jaws. It commonly presents as a progressively growing lesion that can attain an enormous size with resultant deformity if left untreated. The cemento-ossifying fibroma is a central neoplasm of bone as well as periodontium which has caused considerable controversy because of controversy regarding terminology and the criteria for its diagnosis. This case report describes a female patient with cemento-ossifying fibroma involving maxillary antrum. The clinical, radiographic and histological features as well as the surgical findings are presented.

Giant cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible

PubMed Central

Naik, Raghavendra Mahadev; Guruprasad, Yadavalli; Sujatha, D; Gurudath, Shubha; Pai, Anuradha; Suresh, KV

2014-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is classified as a fibro-osseous neoplasm and included among the non-odontogenic tumors derived from the mesenchymal blast cells of the periodontal ligament, with a potential for forming fibrous tissue, cementum and bone, or a combination of such elements. These are slow-growing lesions, and are more frequent in women between the third and fourth decades of life. Case reports of massive expansile COF, measuring more than 10 cm are rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of giant cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible in a 34 year old female patient. PMID:24678226

Giant cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible.

PubMed

Naik, Raghavendra Mahadev; Guruprasad, Yadavalli; Sujatha, D; Gurudath, Shubha; Pai, Anuradha; Suresh, Kv

2014-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is classified as a fibro-osseous neoplasm and included among the non-odontogenic tumors derived from the mesenchymal blast cells of the periodontal ligament, with a potential for forming fibrous tissue, cementum and bone, or a combination of such elements. These are slow-growing lesions, and are more frequent in women between the third and fourth decades of life. Case reports of massive expansile COF, measuring more than 10 cm are rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of giant cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible in a 34 year old female patient.

Two cases of multiple ossifying fibromas in the jaws

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background The clinicopathologic characteristics of multiple ossifying fibroma (OF) are unclear due to the condition’s rarity, making diagnosis challenging. Sporadic multiple OFs must be distinguished from hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome (HPT-JT) related OF and other fibro-osseous lesions. Methods Multiple OF cases were identified from ossifying fibroma cases. Clinical data including age, sex, anatomic site, radiographic features, clinical impression, treatment and available follow-up data as well as serum calcium, phosphorus, and parathyroid hormone (PTH) were recorded. GNAS and HRPT2 genetic mutations were examined in the two present cases. Case reports of sporadic multiple ossifying fibroma and HPT-JT-related OF were also reviewed. Results The two present cases were confirmed as sporadic multiple OF, with no genetic GNAS and HRPT2 mutations found. The incidence of sporadic multiple ossifying fibroma was 2.0% (2/102). The total 18 sporadic multiform OF cases were characterized as followed: 13 (72.2%) female; 5 (27.8%) male; mean age 28.6 years; 2/16 (11.1%) cases only in the mandible; 4/18 (22.2%) cases only in the maxilla; and 12/18 (66.7%) cases in both the maxilla and mandible. Radiographically, the lesions were radiolucent in 5/18 (27.8%) cases and mixed density in 13/18 (72.2%) cases. Along with 24 cases of HPT-JT related OF were reviewed, sixteen (66.7%) patients were diagnosed with a single lesion, and 8 patients (33.3%) were diagnosed with multiple jaw lesions. Conclusions Sporadic multiple OFs are very rare, but must be distinguished from HPT-JT related OF. We strongly recommend that patients diagnosed with multiple ossifying fibromas receive serum PTH testing and mutation screening of HRPT2. Virtual slides http://www.diagnosticpathology.diagnomx.eu/vs/1194507146115753 PMID:24678936

A case report of cemento-ossifying fibroma presenting as a mass of the ethmoid sinus

PubMed Central

Hekmatnia, Ali; Ghazavi, Amirhossein; Saboori, Masih; Mahzouni, Parvin; Tayari, Nazila; Hekmatnia, Farzaneh

2011-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a lesion containing both fibrous and osseous components. Such lesions include fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma and cementifying fibroma. Periodontal membrane is the origin of fibro-osseous lesions other than fibrous dysplasia. Here a clinical case of a young woman referred for evaluation of a mass in the right side of face between eye and nose is presented. The first time she noticed the mass was 2 years ago and was growing larger inwards. She was treated with surgical resection. In this case of a cemento-ossifying fibroma, histological interpretation was critical, and was the basis of correct treatment. PMID:22091236

A case report of cemento-ossifying fibroma presenting as a mass of the ethmoid sinus.

PubMed

Hekmatnia, Ali; Ghazavi, Amirhossein; Saboori, Masih; Mahzouni, Parvin; Tayari, Nazila; Hekmatnia, Farzaneh

2011-02-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a lesion containing both fibrous and osseous components. Such lesions include fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma, cemento-ossifying fibroma and cementifying fibroma. Periodontal membrane is the origin of fibro-osseous lesions other than fibrous dysplasia.Here a clinical case of a young woman referred for evaluation of a mass in the right side of face between eye and nose is presented. The first time she noticed the mass was 2 years ago and was growing larger inwards. She was treated with surgical resection.In this case of a cemento-ossifying fibroma, histological interpretation was critical, and was the basis of correct treatment.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of the maxilla.

PubMed

Al-Shaham, A A; Samher, A A

2010-12-01

Despite the fact that cemento-ossifying fibromas of the maxilla may be quite large and locally aggressive, en-bloc excision is achieved by gentle blunt dissection, with the whole tumour mass peeled out from the adjacent structures. Until recently different fibro-osseous tumours that contained cementum were classified together as "cementomas". In 1992 The World Health Organization adopted a new classification that included these fibromas as benign osseous tumours. While such tumours of the mandible are common, those of the maxilla are rare. They are growth products of periodontal membrane remnant. The triggering mechanism in the formation of cementum outside the periodontal membrane remains unclear. We present a 35-year-old woman who had a giant expanding lobular mass in the right maxilla of 5 years duration. She had visual disturbances and nasal obstruction, and was treated successfully by surgical en-bloc resection of the tumour through an infraorbital transverse incision. The differential diagnosis included fibrous dysplasia, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, chronic sclerosing osteomyelitis, ameloblastoma, squamous cell carcinoma of the maxillary sinus, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumour (Pindborg tumour) and calcifying odontogenic cyst (Gorlin cyst). Histopathological examination confirmed a cemento-ossifying fibroma.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible. A clinicopathological report.

PubMed

Bala, Tapas K; Soni, Sarmeshta; Dayal, Prakriti; Ghosh, Indrajeet

2017-05-01

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are rare fibro-osseous benign neoplasms that affect the jaws. They are included in the group of mesodermal odontogenic tumors and commonly present as a progressively growing lesion that might attain enormous size with resultant deformity, if left untreated. A confusion prevails on the terminology, which can only be confirmed by histopathologic evaluation. A case of cemento-ossifying fibroma involving the right mandible is described in a 30 year-old female patient. The clinical, radiographic, histologic features are presented and the various differential diagnosis are discussed.

Conservative Management of Central Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma.

PubMed

Gomes-Ferreira, Pedro Henrique Silva; Carrasco, Leandro Carlos; de Oliveira, Danila; Pereira, Járede Carvalho; Alcalde, Luis Fernando Azambuja; Faverani, Leonardo Perez

2017-01-01

Central cemento-ossifying fibroma is characterized by the combined production of osteoid and cementoid tissue. Radiographically, this lesion is presented as an outlined cortical and variable radiopaque spots, also can be present complete radiolucent or different degrees of radiopacity. The recommended treatment is curettage or enucleation, and the recurrence rate is less than 5%. Considering that surgical treatment is invasive, mainly in large lesions, this study aims to report a patient in whom conservative treatment was carried out by involving the preservation of teeth, with a long-term follow-up. A 48-year-old black female patient, diagnosed with central cemento-ossifying fibroma in mandible, treated conservatively and a 2 years of follow-up. It was concluded that the conservative treatment with a long term of follow-up for maintaining teeth was satisfactory.

Surgical resection of a huge cemento-ossifying fibroma in skull base by intraoral approach.

PubMed

Cheng, Xiao-Bing; Li, Yun-Peng; Lei, De-Lin; Li, Xiao-Dong; Tian, Lei

2011-03-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma, also known as ossifying fibroma, usually occurs in the mandible and less commonly in the maxilla. The huge example in the skull base is even rare. We present a case of a huge cemento-ossifying fibroma arising below the skull base of a 30-year-old woman patient. Radiologic investigations showed a giant, lobulated, heterogeneous calcified hard tissue mass, which is well circumscribed and is a mixture of radiolucent and radiopaque, situated at the rear of the right maxilla to the middle skull base. The tumor expands into the right maxillary sinus and the orbital cavity, fusing with the right maxilla at the maxillary tuberosity and blocking the bilateral choanas, which caused marked proptosis and blurred vision. The tumor was resected successfully by intraoral approach, and pathologic examination confirmed the lesion to be a cemento-ossifying fibroma. This case demonstrates that cemento-ossifying fibroma in the maxilla, not like in the mandible, may appear more aggressive because the extensive growth is unimpeded by anatomic obstacles and that the intraoral approach can be used to excise the tumor in the skull base.

A huge cemento-ossifying fibroma of paranasal sinus: a case report.

PubMed

Erdim, Ibrahim; Yazici, Zahide Mine; Yilmazer, Rasim; Sever, Nurten; Kayhan, Fatma Tulin

2012-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a well-bordered, slow-growing, benign fibro-osseous disease. Although its localization is generally in the mandible, it can be seen in any area of the craniofacial region. Radiology and histopathology help to diagnose the condition. Treatment is based on close observation and/or surgical excision. In this case, we report the case of a 62-year-old male patient who had a large radiological appearance, cemento-ossifying fibroma in the paranasal sinuses.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma in a patient with end-stage renal disease.

PubMed

Gopinath, Divya; Beena, V T; Sugirtharaj, G; Vidhyadharan, K; Salmanul Faris, K; Kumar, Sajai J

2013-01-01

The presence of chronic renal disease (CRD) is a predisposing factor for the occurrence of soft and hard tissue lesions in the oral cavity. The cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is an uncommon benign fibroosseous lesion composed of fibrocellular component and calcified materials like cementum and woven bone. A 37-year-old female patient undergoing chronic haemodialysis reported to our institution with a complaint of slow growing, nontender swelling of mandible of 6-month duration. Computed tomography disclosed an ill-defined lesion showing thinning and expansion of buccal as well as lingual cortical plate with flecks of radiopacity in centre. Incision biopsy revealed histological characteristics consistent with cemento-ossifying fibroma. The lesion was excised under local anesthesia. The histopathological examination revealed irregularly shaped bone and cementum-like hard tissue calcifications contained within hypercellular fibrous tissue stroma, leading to a confirmation of the diagnosis of cemento-ossifying fibroma. This paper aims to provide light to the fact that the soft and hard tissues of the oral region may become susceptible to the development of pathological growths in case of some particular systemic conditions.

Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma in a Patient with End-Stage Renal Disease

PubMed Central

Gopinath, Divya; Beena, V. T.; Sugirtharaj, G.; Vidhyadharan, K.; Salmanul Faris, K.; Kumar, Sajai J.

2013-01-01

The presence of chronic renal disease (CRD) is a predisposing factor for the occurrence of soft and hard tissue lesions in the oral cavity. The cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is an uncommon benign fibroosseous lesion composed of fibrocellular component and calcified materials like cementum and woven bone. A 37-year-old female patient undergoing chronic haemodialysis reported to our institution with a complaint of slow growing, nontender swelling of mandible of 6-month duration. Computed tomography disclosed an ill-defined lesion showing thinning and expansion of buccal as well as lingual cortical plate with flecks of radiopacity in centre. Incision biopsy revealed histological characteristics consistent with cemento-ossifying fibroma. The lesion was excised under local anesthesia. The histopathological examination revealed irregularly shaped bone and cementum-like hard tissue calcifications contained within hypercellular fibrous tissue stroma, leading to a confirmation of the diagnosis of cemento-ossifying fibroma. This paper aims to provide light to the fact that the soft and hard tissues of the oral region may become susceptible to the development of pathological growths in case of some particular systemic conditions. PMID:23819070

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of the maxilla: a case report.

PubMed

Verma, Piyush; Rathore, Praveen K; Mrig, Sumit; Pal, Manisha; Sial, Ankush

2011-07-01

We report a case of very large ossifying fibroma of the maxilla in a 22-year-old male. It is a bony tumour of the maxilla of possibly odontogenic origin with aggressive behavior and high tendency for recurrence.

Giant cemento-ossifying fibroma of the mandible: a rare case.

PubMed

Sujatha, D; Shubha, Gurudath; Anuradha, Pai; Ragavendra, Mahadev Naik

2013-01-01

The World Health Organization classifies cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) as a fibro-osseous neoplasm included among the nonodontogenic tumors derived from the mesenchymal blast cells of the periodontal ligament, with a potential for forming fibrous tissue, cementum and bone, or a combination of such elements. These are slow-growing lesions, and are more frequent in women, between the third and fourth decades of life. Case reports of massive expansile COFs (measuring more than 10 cm) are rarely reported in the literature. This article aims to describe a case of giant cemento-ossifying fibroma with radiographic and 3D CT features in a 34 year old female patient, who came with the complaint of progressive swelling of the face which had started 6 years earlier.

Recurrent peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma.

PubMed

Pereira, Treville; Shetty, Subraj; Shetty, Arvind; Pereira, Svylvy

2015-01-01

Peripheral cement-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a rare osteogenic neoplasm that ordinarily presents as an epulis-like growth. It frequently occurs in maxillary anterior region in teenagers and young adults. We report a case of PCOF in a 42-year-old male, which was previously surgically excised and recurred after a period of 2 years. PCOF should be considered in the differential diagnosis of reactive hyperplastic lesions originating from gingiva. Hence, early diagnosis with proper surgical excision and aggressive curettage of the adjacent tissues is essential for prevention of recurrence.

En bloc resection of huge cemento-ossifying fibroma of mandible: avoiding lower lip split incision.

PubMed

Ayub, Tahera; Katpar, Shahjahan; Shafique, Salman; Mirza, Talat

2011-05-01

Cemento-ossifying Fibroma (COF) is an osteogenic benign neoplasm affecting the jaws and other craniofacial bones. It commonly presents as a progressively slow growing pathology, which can sometimes attain an enormous size, causing facial deformity. A case of a huge cemento-ossifying fibroma, appearing as a mandibular dumbell tumour in a male patient is documented, which caused massive bone destruction and deformity. It was surgically removed by performing en bloc resection of mandible avoiding the splitting of lower lip incision technique, thereby maintaining his normal facial appearance.

Retrospective Analysis of Ossifying Fibroma of Jaw Bones Over a Period of 10 Years with Literature Review.

PubMed

Mohanty, Sujata; Gupta, Sunita; Kumar, Priya; Sriram, K; Gulati, Ujjwal

2014-12-01

The purpose of this retrospective analysis is to document and discuss the features, treatment rendered and result of 25 histologically proven cases of ossifying fibromas of jaw bones operated by a single surgeon over a period of 10 years. The records of ossifying fibroma were obtained from the archives of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Maulana Azad Institute of Dental Sciences (MAIDS) from 2001 to 2011. Only those cases were included in the study where definitive surgery was performed based on clinical, radiological & histopathological features. Twenty-five patients were analyzed with a final diagnosis of ossifying fibroma comprising of 14 males (56 %) and 11 females (44 %). The age range was 11-45 years with a mean of 24.12 years. Mandible was involved in 72 % and maxilla in 28 % cases with a predominance of mandibular posterior [19 (76 %)] cases. The study showed similar findings in regard to clinical, radiographic & histological features of ossifying fibroma as compared to other studies. It also showed that the treatment rendered in the form of eneucleation, curettage or resection of the lesion depending on its stage and extent were adequate, as no recurrence has been reported till date. Enucleation is preferred in small and well demarcated lesions. Curettage should be done in relatively large lesions with ill defined borders, not involving basal bone of mandible or cortical perforation. Resection should be reserved for aggressive and extensive cases with involvement of basal bone or perforation of cortices.

Cystic Shape Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma of Ethmoid Sinus

PubMed Central

Shejbal, Dražen; Vonsović, Gabrijela; Baudoin, Tomislav; Vagic, Davor

2015-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are a group of rarely occurring benign tumours, developing from the periodontal membrane and varying considerably in appearance and in the progress of the disease. Their common feature is higher or lower production of cemental tissue. In most cases the tumours are small because their cementoma mature quickly and become inactive, which causes the tumour to stop growing. They develop most frequently in the mandible and also in the maxilla. Other sites, such as paranasal cavities, soft tissues and bones of the head, are extremely rare. The case of a cemento-fibrosing tumour with psammoma infiltrations, developing from the ethmoid sinus in a nine-year-old girl is reported. Due to frontal headaches and sight defects as well as impaired vision on the right side, NMR was done, which showed a mucocele of the front and rear ethmoid with destruction of the orbital wall and a breakthrough into the orbit. The right maxillary sinus showed a visible retention and a thickened mucous membrane. A rhinoscopy revealed a ball-shaped spherical mass in the medial nasal meatus, which was defined as concha bullosa. An endoscopic examination showed that the tumour protruded in front of the medium nasal concha into the right nasal cavity, softened the ethmoid roof, penetrated toward the base of the skull, adhered and pushed the orbit. It was removed by FESS technique, and PHD revealed subsequently that it was not a mucocele but a cemento-ossifying fibroma. PMID:27688399

Cystic Shape Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma of Ethmoid Sinus.

PubMed

Shejbal, Dražen; Vonsović, Gabrijela; Baudoin, Tomislav; Vagic, Davor

2015-06-01

Cemento-ossifying fibromas are a group of rarely occurring benign tumours, developing from the periodontal membrane and varying considerably in appearance and in the progress of the disease. Their common feature is higher or lower production of cemental tissue. In most cases the tumours are small because their cementoma mature quickly and become inactive, which causes the tumour to stop growing. They develop most frequently in the mandible and also in the maxilla. Other sites, such as paranasal cavities, soft tissues and bones of the head, are extremely rare. The case of a cemento-fibrosing tumour with psammoma infiltrations, developing from the ethmoid sinus in a nine-year-old girl is reported. Due to frontal headaches and sight defects as well as impaired vision on the right side, NMR was done, which showed a mucocele of the front and rear ethmoid with destruction of the orbital wall and a breakthrough into the orbit. The right maxillary sinus showed a visible retention and a thickened mucous membrane. A rhinoscopy revealed a ball-shaped spherical mass in the medial nasal meatus, which was defined as concha bullosa. An endoscopic examination showed that the tumour protruded in front of the medium nasal concha into the right nasal cavity, softened the ethmoid roof, penetrated toward the base of the skull, adhered and pushed the orbit. It was removed by FESS technique, and PHD revealed subsequently that it was not a mucocele but a cemento-ossifying fibroma.

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma: Report of a recurrence case.

PubMed

Sah, Kunal; Kale, Alka D; Hallikerimath, Seema; Chandra, Sunira

2012-04-01

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma [PCOF] is a reactive gingival overgrowth occurring frequently in the maxillary anterior region in teenagers and young adults. Here, we report a case of POCF in a 13-year-old male, which was previously surgically excised and had recurred after a period of 9 months. PCOF should be considered in differential diagnosis of such reactive hyperplastic lesions originating from the gingiva. Hence, early diagnosis with proper surgical excision and aggressive curettage of the adjacent tissues are essential for prevention of recurrence.

Pericoronal occurrence of cemento-ossifying fibroma: an unexemplified and unusual case report with review of literature.

PubMed

K L, Kumaraswamy; R S, Arvind Babu; P, Sheshadri; Kumaran, Santhosh

2014-03-01

The Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is an odontogenic neoplasm that is predominantly considered as a fibro osseous lesion of the jaw bone. The histogenetic origin of COF was thought to be derived from the periodontal cells, which have the ability to form fibrous, cementum and osseous tissue. Due to the periodontal cellular origin, the lesion often occurs in the radicular portion of the bicuspid and molar tooth region of the lower jaw. We present a case of Cemento-ossifying fibroma in a 43-year-old female in the pericoronal aspect of an impacted third molar mimicking an odontogenic lesion. The occurrence of COF in pericoronal region is an unusual site. This article also discusses about the various hamartomatous lesions occurring in the pericoronal region of the teeth.

Juvenile aggressive cemento-ossifying fibroma of the sphenoid sinus with proptosis: a surgical dilemma

PubMed Central

Singh, Rohit; Ramaswamy, Balakrishnan; Hazarika, Manali

2013-01-01

The term fibro-osseous lesion has currently grown in popularity as an overall designation for a number of rare, histologically benign head and neck lesions that are made up of bone, fibrous tissue and cementum. Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a variant of cementifying fibroma and is a fibro-osseous disease. They are usually small innocuous lesions which follow a slow benign course and are commonly seen in the skull bone rather than the sphenoid. It is rare for these tumours to attain large size, behave aggressively, destroy bone and require a radical surgery. One such rapidly growing juvenile cemento-ossifying lesion of sphenoid in our 10-year-old young patient causing proptosis and impaired vision is reported here because of its uncommon nature and its surgical dilemma. Selection of surgical approach to resect this tumour becomes difficult because it is deeply seated and needs a multidisciplinary approach. PMID:24285811

Juvenile aggressive cemento-ossifying fibroma of the sphenoid sinus with proptosis: a surgical dilemma.

PubMed

Singh, Rohit; Ramaswamy, Balakrishnan; Hazarika, Manali

2013-11-27

The term fibro-osseous lesion has currently grown in popularity as an overall designation for a number of rare, histologically benign head and neck lesions that are made up of bone, fibrous tissue and cementum. Cemento-ossifying fibroma is a variant of cementifying fibroma and is a fibro-osseous disease. They are usually small innocuous lesions which follow a slow benign course and are commonly seen in the skull bone rather than the sphenoid. It is rare for these tumours to attain large size, behave aggressively, destroy bone and require a radical surgery. One such rapidly growing juvenile cemento-ossifying lesion of sphenoid in our 10-year-old young patient causing proptosis and impaired vision is reported here because of its uncommon nature and its surgical dilemma. Selection of surgical approach to resect this tumour becomes difficult because it is deeply seated and needs a multidisciplinary approach.

Pericoronal Occurrence of Cemento-Ossifying Fibroma: An Unexemplified and Unusual Case Report with Review of Literature

PubMed Central

K.L, Kumaraswamy; R.S, Arvind Babu; P, Sheshadri; Kumaran, Santhosh

2014-01-01

The Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is an odontogenic neoplasm that is predominantly considered as a fibro osseous lesion of the jaw bone. The histogenetic origin of COF was thought to be derived from the periodontal cells, which have the ability to form fibrous, cementum and osseous tissue. Due to the periodontal cellular origin, the lesion often occurs in the radicular portion of the bicuspid and molar tooth region of the lower jaw. We present a case of Cemento-ossifying fibroma in a 43-year-old female in the pericoronal aspect of an impacted third molar mimicking an odontogenic lesion. The occurrence of COF in pericoronal region is an unusual site. This article also discusses about the various hamartomatous lesions occurring in the pericoronal region of the teeth. PMID:24783159

Giant cemento-ossifying fibroma of the maxilla.

PubMed

Unal, Adnan; Yurtsever Kum, Nurcan; Kum, Rauf Oguzhan; Erdogan, Aysun; Ciliz, Deniz Sozmen; Guresci, Servet; Ozcan, Muge

2015-11-14

Fibro-osseous lesions of the skull and facial bones are benign tumors, but they can be mistaken for malignant tumors due to their clinically aggressive behavior. Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign fibro-osseous lesion characterized by slow growth and fibrous and calcified tissue content. COFs are locally destructive lesions causing deformities in the bones. The recurrence risk is high if they are not completely removed. In this case report we describe a giant COF mimicking chondrosarcoma in the oral cavity of a 55-year-old woman causing significant facial deformity and feeding problems. Giant COF occurs rarely in the jaws and given that this lesion has similar imaging and clinical features to several other tumors, the diagnosis is always a challenge for clinicians, radiologists and pathologists.

Synchronous ossifying fibromas of the jaws: a review.

PubMed

Akcam, Timur; Altug, Hasan Ayberk; Karakoc, Omer; Sencimen, Metin; Ozkan, Aydin; Bayar, Gurkan Rasit; Gunhan, Omer

2012-11-01

According to the World Health Organization, it is proposed that benign fibro-osseous lesions be divided into 3 categories, including fibrous dysplasia, ossifying fibroma (OF), and osseous dysplasia. OF arises from the periodontal ligament, which contains multipotential cells. These benign tumors may become large and aggressive. Slow growth and lack of symptoms are the cardinal features. OF tends to occur in the second and third decades of life, with predilection for women and for the mandibular premolar-molar area. The method of treatment used for large or rapidly expanding lesions is surgical removal (enucleation). Rarely, OFs occur multifocally. We report a 20-year-old man with synchronous OFs of his maxilla and mandible and review other synchronous cases reported. Such lesions can be properly diagnosed and treated by correlating radiographic, clinical, surgical, and histopathologic findings. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ossifying fibroma: report on a clinical case, with the imaging and histopathological diagnosis made and treatment administered☆

PubMed Central

da Silveira, Daniel Trivelato; Cardoso, Fábio Oliveira; e Silva, Brisa Janine Alves; e Alves Cardoso, Cláudia Assunção; Manzi, Flávio Ricardo

2015-01-01

The aim was to report on a case of ossifying fibroma, consisting of a benign fibro-osseous lesion characterized by slow growth and proliferation of fibrous cellular tissue, bone, cement or a combination. A 29-year-old male patient was attended at a hospital, after he had suffered a car accident. During the clinical examination, increased volume in the region of the right side of the mandible was observed, and a fracture in the middle third of the face was suspected. The tomographic examination showed an image suggestive of fracturing of the left-side zygomatic complex, without displacement, and with a well-delimited radiopaque image of the mandible. The patient was sent to a hospital where panoramic radiography, posteroanterior radiography of the face and teleradiography were performed in order to better document the case. An incisional biopsy was performed. Histopathological examination showed the presence of a benign bone lesion suggestive of ossifying fibroma. Surgery was performed in order to completely remove the lesion, with fixation using a reconstruction plate. A new anatomopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis. PMID:26962494

Central ossifying fibroma, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia and complex odon-toma occurring in the same jaw

PubMed Central

Hosseini, Farzaneh Agha; Moslemi, Elham

2011-01-01

Central ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign fibro-osseous lesion that arises from the periodontal ligament. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is another variant of fibro-osseous lesion which occurs in the anterior region of the mandible of females. Odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that contains enamel, dentine cement and pulp tissue. A 46-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, with two non-painful swellings on both sides of the mandible, which had been slowly growing over a period of one year. Our differential diagnosis was florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia for the right side, complex odontoma for the left side and periapical cement-osseous dysplasia for the anterior side. The historical feature revealed ossifying fibroma, complex odontoma and periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. The occurrence of these three lesions in the same jaw has been rarely reported in the literature. The relationship between the occurrence of these three lesions is not obvious it could be coincidental. It seems that more case reports are needed to establish the relationship between them. PMID:24765298

Central ossifying fibroma, periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia and complex odon-toma occurring in the same jaw.

PubMed

Hosseini, Farzaneh Agha; Moslemi, Elham

2011-05-16

Central ossifying fibroma is a rare, benign fibro-osseous lesion that arises from the periodontal ligament. Periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia is another variant of fibro-osseous lesion which occurs in the anterior region of the mandible of females. Odontoma is a benign odontogenic tumor that contains enamel, dentine cement and pulp tissue. A 46-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, with two non-painful swellings on both sides of the mandible, which had been slowly growing over a period of one year. Our differential diagnosis was florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia for the right side, complex odontoma for the left side and periapical cement-osseous dysplasia for the anterior side. The historical feature revealed ossifying fibroma, complex odontoma and periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia. The occurrence of these three lesions in the same jaw has been rarely reported in the literature. The relationship between the occurrence of these three lesions is not obvious it could be coincidental. It seems that more case reports are needed to establish the relationship between them.

Reconstruction of maxillary cemento-ossifying fibroma defect with buccal pad of fat.

PubMed

Sivaraj, Subramonian; Jeevadhas, Pratheep

2013-07-01

A cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a rare benign neoplasm of maxilla when compared with mandible (World Health Organization, 1992). COF of maxilla may be quite large and locally very aggressive lesion. These tumor mass was peeled out by en-bloc excision using gentle blunt dissection. This paper presents 35-year-old male patient who had a gradually expanding lobular mass in the left maxillary posterior region for past 1 year. He has been treated successfully by surgical en-bloc resection. Various techniques were used to reconstruction the defect. Buccal pad of fat is a simple technique having advantages like good vascularity, adaptability, good closure of the defect with favorable prognosis.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of mandible mimicking complex composite odontome.

PubMed

Dewan, Hitesh Sudarshan; Dewan, Sudarshan Kumar; Bahl, Sumit; Tushar Parekh, Parth

2016-10-19

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a fibro-osseous lesion or non-odontogenic tumour that affects craniofacial bones. These lesions are included in the spectrum of fibro-osseous lesions arising from periodontal ligament cells, which can deposit combination of cementum and bone surrounded by fibrous tissue. It clinically, macroscopically and radiologically resembles complex composite odontome and can be differentiated only on the basis of histopathology. They usually occur solitarily as a painless and expansile spherical or ovoid jawbone mass that may displace the roots of adjacent teeth. They predominantly occur in females in third and fourth decades of life. We present a case report of a 20-year-old man, with a mildly painful swelling in the mandible which was successfully treated with enucleation and diagnosed as COF. Its resemblance to complex composite odontome and unique surgical approach are highlighted in this paper. 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of mandible: An unusual case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Mohapatra, Mounabati; Banushree, C S; Nagarajan, K; Pati, Debashish

2015-01-01

The term ossifying fibroma (OF) has recently been included under fibro-osseous lesions. Cemento-OF (COF) is a benign neoplasm that arises from the periodontal membrane which contains multipotential cells that are capable of forming cementum, lamellar bone and fibrous tissue. These tumors occur in the third and fourth decades of life with a predilection for women. The mandible is more commonly involved than the maxilla. This lesion has caused considerable controversy regarding the use of terminology, origin and diagnostic criteria. This article describes an unusual case of COF presenting as unilocular lytic lesion of mandible in a 38-year-old male patient with review of literature.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma of mandible: An unusual case report and review of literature

PubMed Central

Mohapatra, Mounabati; Banushree, CS; Nagarajan, K; Pati, Debashish

2015-01-01

The term ossifying fibroma (OF) has recently been included under fibro-osseous lesions. Cemento-OF (COF) is a benign neoplasm that arises from the periodontal membrane which contains multipotential cells that are capable of forming cementum, lamellar bone and fibrous tissue. These tumors occur in the third and fourth decades of life with a predilection for women. The mandible is more commonly involved than the maxilla. This lesion has caused considerable controversy regarding the use of terminology, origin and diagnostic criteria. This article describes an unusual case of COF presenting as unilocular lytic lesion of mandible in a 38-year-old male patient with review of literature. PMID:26980975

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma: A case report with review of literature

PubMed Central

Mishra, Amit Kumar; Maru, Rahul; Dhodapkar, Shrikant Vishnuprasad; Jaiswal, Gagan; Kumar, Rajesh; Punjabi, Heena

2013-01-01

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a rare osteogenic neoplasm that ordinarily presents as an epulis-like growth. This is of a reactive rather than neoplastic nature and its pathogenesis is uncertain. PCOF predominantly affects adolescent and young adults with greatest prevalence around 28 years. We report here a rare clinical case of PCOF of the mandible, 1 cm mesiodistally and 1.5 cm occluso-gingivally in diameter, which caused difficulty in eating and speech, in a 42-year-old female patient. She was asymptomatic for 1 year and on follow-up for 6 mo post surgically showed gingival health and normal radioopacity of bone without any recurrence. Clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics are discussed and recommendations regarding differential diagnosis, treatment and follow up are provided. The controversial varied nomenclature and possible etiopathogenesis of PCOF are emphasized. PMID:24303483

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma: A case report with review of literature.

PubMed

Mishra, Amit Kumar; Maru, Rahul; Dhodapkar, Shrikant Vishnuprasad; Jaiswal, Gagan; Kumar, Rajesh; Punjabi, Heena

2013-06-16

Peripheral cemento-ossifying fibroma (PCOF) is a rare osteogenic neoplasm that ordinarily presents as an epulis-like growth. This is of a reactive rather than neoplastic nature and its pathogenesis is uncertain. PCOF predominantly affects adolescent and young adults with greatest prevalence around 28 years. We report here a rare clinical case of PCOF of the mandible, 1 cm mesiodistally and 1.5 cm occluso-gingivally in diameter, which caused difficulty in eating and speech, in a 42-year-old female patient. She was asymptomatic for 1 year and on follow-up for 6 mo post surgically showed gingival health and normal radioopacity of bone without any recurrence. Clinical, radiographic and histological characteristics are discussed and recommendations regarding differential diagnosis, treatment and follow up are provided. The controversial varied nomenclature and possible etiopathogenesis of PCOF are emphasized.

Cemento-ossifying fibroma occurring in an elderly patient. A case report and a review of literature

PubMed Central

Dalghous, Abdulbaset; Alkhabuli, Juma O

2007-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibromas (COF) are benign lesions affecting the jaws and other craniofacial bones. They commonly affect adults between the third and fourth decade of life. Radiographically, they appear as well-defined unilocular or multilocular intraosseous masses, commonly in the premolar/molar region of the mandible. The lesion is invariably encapsulated and of mixed radiolucent densities. The tumour may grow quite extensively, thus the term aggressive is some times applied. Their clinical, radiographical and histopathological features and those of fibro-osseous lesions are overlapping and may cause confusion in classification, diagnosis, and treatment. The histopathology is composed of fibrous tissues with calcified structures resembling bone or cementum. Surgical enucleation or resection is the treatment of choice. They are insensitive to radiotherapy and recurrences are uncommon. This case report presents a case of COF in 70 years old female patient that was asymptomatic. Clinically, there was an expansion of the buccal plate but not the lingual plate of the right mandible. The covering mucosa was normal and there was no tenderness or paraesthesia. Radiographically, the lesion extends superio-inferiory from the alveolar ridge to the area of inferior dental canal and mesiodistally from the premolar region to the retro-molar area. The lesion was of mixed radiolucent densities. The patient was followed up periodically for 5 years without any treatment. The patient continued to be asymptomatic with minimum changes. Occurrence of cemento-ossifying fibroma in patients over 60 years of age is unusual and had not been reported. The clinical, radiographic, histopathology and literature review are discussed. PMID:21503260

Cemento-ossifying fibroma occurring in an elderly patient. A case report and a review of literature.

PubMed

Dalghous, Abdulbaset; Alkhabuli, Juma O

2007-06-01

Cemento-ossifying fibromas (COF) are benign lesions affecting the jaws and other craniofacial bones. They commonly affect adults between the third and fourth decade of life. Radiographically, they appear as well-defined unilocular or multilocular intraosseous masses, commonly in the premolar/molar region of the mandible. The lesion is invariably encapsulated and of mixed radiolucent densities. The tumour may grow quite extensively, thus the term aggressive is some times applied. Their clinical, radiographical and histopathological features and those of fibro-osseous lesions are overlapping and may cause confusion in classification, diagnosis, and treatment. The histopathology is composed of fibrous tissues with calcified structures resembling bone or cementum. Surgical enucleation or resection is the treatment of choice. They are insensitive to radiotherapy and recurrences are uncommon. This case report presents a case of COF in 70 years old female patient that was asymptomatic. Clinically, there was an expansion of the buccal plate but not the lingual plate of the right mandible. The covering mucosa was normal and there was no tenderness or paraesthesia. Radiographically, the lesion extends superio-inferiory from the alveolar ridge to the area of inferior dental canal and mesiodistally from the premolar region to the retro-molar area. The lesion was of mixed radiolucent densities. The patient was followed up periodically for 5 years without any treatment. The patient continued to be asymptomatic with minimum changes. Occurrence of cemento-ossifying fibroma in patients over 60 years of age is unusual and had not been reported. The clinical, radiographic, histopathology and literature review are discussed.

Surgical Treatment of a Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma and Reconstruction with a Porcine Collagen Matrix: A Case Report.

PubMed

González-Serrano, José; López-Pintor, Rosa María; Sanz-Sánchez, Ignacio; Paredes, Víctor Manuel; Casañas, Elisabeth; de Arriba, Lorenzo; Vallejo, Gonzalo Hernández

A 35-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Oral Medicine and Orofacial Surgery after several recurrences of an ossifying fibroma (OF) that affected the free and attached gingiva of the maxillary right central incisor. Surgery was performed with a complete excision of the lesion together with the surrounding healthy tissue up to the bone. To guide the healing of the anterior esthetic framework and the excised tissues, a porcine collagen matrix as an alternative to connective tissue graft was used. After an 18-month follow-up, the lesion had not recurred and keratinized gingiva had formed around the area.

Maxillo-Mandibular Cemento-ossifying Fibroma: A Rare Case Report.

PubMed

Peravali, Ranjit Kumar; Bhat, H Hari Kishore; Reddy, Sreenatha

2015-03-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign fibro osseous lesion of the jaws which has been described as a demarcated or rarely encapsulated neoplasm consisting of fibrous tissue and varying amounts of mineralized material resembling bone and/or cementum (Dinkar et al. in IJDA 2(4):45-47, 2010). Majority of lesions occur in the mandible and only few cases of COFs of the maxillary sinus and bilateral COFs of the mandible have been reported in literature (Dinkar et al. in IJDA 2(4):45-47, 2010; Tamiolakis et al. in Acta Stomatol Croat 39(3):319-321, 2005; Hamner et al. in Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 26(4):579-587, 1968; Gunaseelan et al. in Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 104:e21-e25, 2007). These lesions have a very low recurrence rate (Ertug et al. in Quintessence Int 35(10):808-810, 2004) and are generally treated by enucleation. In this paper we present a rare case of COF occurring in both the maxilla and mandible of the same patient. Only one such case (Takeda and Fujioka in Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 16(3):368-371, 1987) has been reported in literature so far.

Coverage Root after Removing Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: 5-Year Follow-Up Case Report

PubMed Central

Okajima, Luciana S.; Nunes, Marcelo P.; Montalli, Victor A. M.

2016-01-01

When lesions in soft tissue reach the gingival margin, they can produce aesthetic defects during its permanence and after its removal. Periodontal plastic surgery allows the correction of the gingival contour using different techniques. This paper is a case report of a peripheral ossifying fibroma removal in the interproximal area of teeth 21 and 22 in addition to root coverage of the affected area through two surgical phases: keratinized gingival tissue augmentation surgery with free gingival graft concurrent with removal of the lesion and, in a second stage, root coverage by performing coronally advanced flap technique with a follow-up of five years. The initial results achieved, which were root coverage of 100% after 6 months, promoted an adequate gingival contour and prevented the development of a mucogingival defect or a root exposure with its functional and aesthetic consequences. After five years, the results showed long term success of the techniques, where the margin remained stable with complete root coverage and tissues were stable and harmonic in color. PMID:27891263

Coverage Root after Removing Peripheral Ossifying Fibroma: 5-Year Follow-Up Case Report.

PubMed

Henriques, Paulo S G; Okajima, Luciana S; Nunes, Marcelo P; Montalli, Victor A M

2016-01-01

When lesions in soft tissue reach the gingival margin, they can produce aesthetic defects during its permanence and after its removal. Periodontal plastic surgery allows the correction of the gingival contour using different techniques. This paper is a case report of a peripheral ossifying fibroma removal in the interproximal area of teeth 21 and 22 in addition to root coverage of the affected area through two surgical phases: keratinized gingival tissue augmentation surgery with free gingival graft concurrent with removal of the lesion and, in a second stage, root coverage by performing coronally advanced flap technique with a follow-up of five years. The initial results achieved, which were root coverage of 100% after 6 months, promoted an adequate gingival contour and prevented the development of a mucogingival defect or a root exposure with its functional and aesthetic consequences. After five years, the results showed long term success of the techniques, where the margin remained stable with complete root coverage and tissues were stable and harmonic in color.

The Wnt/β-catenin pathway is deregulated in cemento-ossifying fibromas.

PubMed

Pereira, Thaís Dos Santos Fontes; Diniz, Marina Gonçalves; França, Josiane Alves; Moreira, Rennan Garcias; Menezes, Grazielle Helena Ferreira de; Sousa, Sílvia Ferreira de; Castro, Wagner Henriques de; Gomes, Carolina Cavaliéri; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago

2018-02-01

The molecular pathogenesis of cemento ossifying fibroma (COF) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate mutations in 50 oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes, including APC and CTNNB1, in which mutations in COF have been previously reported. In addition, we assessed the transcriptional levels of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in COF. We used a quantitative polymerase chain reaction array to evaluate the transcriptional levels of 44 Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in 6 COF samples, in comparison with 6 samples of healthy jaws. By using next-generation sequencing (NGS) in 7 COF samples, we investigated approximately 2800 mutations in 50 genes. The expression assay revealed 12 differentially expressed Wnt/β-catenin pathway genes in COF, including the upregulation of CTNNB1, TCF7, NKD1, and WNT5 A, and downregulation of CTNNBIP1, FRZB, FZD6, RHOU, SFRP4, WNT10 A, WNT3 A, and WNT4, suggesting activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. NGS revealed 5 single nucleotide variants: TP53 (rs1042522), PIK3 CA (rs2230461), MET (rs33917957), KIT (rs3822214), and APC (rs33974176), but none of them was pathogenic. Although NGS detected no oncogenic mutation, deregulation of key Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway genes appears to be relevant to the molecular pathogenesis of COF. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Case presentation of florid cemento-osseous dysplasia with concomitant cemento-ossifying fibroma discovered during implant explantation.

PubMed

Gerlach, Robert C; Dixon, Douglas R; Goksel, Tamer; Castle, James T; Henry, Walter A

2013-03-01

A 39-year-old African American woman presented for treatment of a symptomatic mandibular right first molar with a large, periapical radiolucency. After initial attempts at endodontic therapy, this tooth was ultimately extracted owing to unabated symptoms. The extraction site underwent ridge preservation grafting, implant placement, and restoration. After 26 months of implant function, the patient returned with clinical symptoms of pain, buccal swelling, and the sensation of a "loose" implant. This case report details a diagnosis of 2 distinct disease entities associated with the implant site, a cemento-ossifying fibroma and florid cemento-osseous dysplasia of the mandible. This diagnosis was determined from clinical, surgical, radiographic, and histopathologic evidence after biopsy and removal of the previously osseointegrated implant following postinsertion failure by fibrous encapsulation. Before implant therapy, it is essential to conduct a thorough radiographic evaluation of any dental arch with suspected bony lesions to prevent implant failure. Published by Mosby, Inc.

Juvenile psammomatoid ossifying fibroma in paranasal sinus and skull base.

PubMed

Wang, Mingjie; Zhou, Bing; Cui, Shunjiu; Li, Yunchuan

2017-07-01

The endoscopic transnasal approach with IGS is a safe and effective technique, allowing completely resection of JPOF, with minimal morbidity and recurrence. JPOF is a benign but locally aggressive fibro-osseous lesion. This study presents a series of JPOF cases, involving anterior skull base and orbit, treated by endoscopic transnasal approach with image guidance system (IGS) to resect the mass completely. This study retrospectively reviewed the clinical presentations, surgical procedures, and complications of 11 patients with JPOF who were treated by endoscopic approach from May 2009 to April 2014. All patients were followed by endoscopic and CT scan evaluations during follow-up. All of the 11 cases were boys, with a mean age of 11.8 years (range = 6-17 years). The size of mass in the paranasal sinus ranged from 2.5-4.6 cm in greatest dimension (mean = 3.7 cm), and the medial orbital wall and cranial base were involved in all patients. All 11 patients received successful operation and were relieved from symptoms without mortality and major complications. During follow-up (range from 17-67 months; mean follow-up = 25.8 months), only one patient was recurrent in local position. The skull base partial resected during surgery was found to rebuild after 1 year.

Peripheral osteoma, compound odontoma, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia, and cemento-ossifying fibroma in the same hemimandible: CBCT findings of an unusual case.

PubMed

Borghesi, Andrea; Tonni, Ingrid; Pezzotti, Stefania; Maroldi, Roberto

2017-12-01

Peripheral osteoma is the most common subtype of osteoma that arises most frequently in the craniofacial bones. It may occur at any age with a male-to-female ratio of 2:1. Peripheral osteoma may affect the mandible, particularly the ramus and the condyle. Compound odontoma is a subtype of odontoma that occurs in young subjects without gender predilection. It affects the maxilla more frequently than the mandible. Focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and cemento-ossifying fibroma are 2 benign fibro-osseous lesions with a female predominance that occur most commonly in the posterior region of the mandible. We report the first case involving the simultaneous occurrence of these 4 benign lesions in the same hemimandible diagnosed by CBCT.

Management of residual mucogingival defect resulting from the excision of recurrent peripheral ossifying fibroma by periodontal plastic surgical procedure

PubMed Central

Salaria, Sanjeev Kumar; Gupta, Neha; Bhatia, Vineet; Nayar, Amit

2015-01-01

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a local gingival reactive lesion, thought to be originating from the superficial periodontal ligament. It is found most often in the anterior maxilla with predilection for females and high recurrence rate. Clinically, the lesion is observed in gingiva or interdental papilla and manifested either as sessile or pedunculated mass which may appear ulcerated or erythematous or exhibit no color difference from the adjacent healthy gingival tissue. The present case report describes the diagnosis, treatment of POF, and immediate management of residual functional and cosmetic mucogingival defect which originated as a sequel of excisional biopsy of recurrent POF by utilizing modification of Grupe and Warren technique (modified laterally displaced flap). Clinical healing was uneventful at 2 weeks, and excellent coverage of residual mucogingival defect without any evidence of recession and or recurrence of POF was observed at surgical site 9 months postoperatively. PMID:26604587

Management of residual mucogingival defect resulting from the excision of recurrent peripheral ossifying fibroma by periodontal plastic surgical procedure.

PubMed

Salaria, Sanjeev Kumar; Gupta, Neha; Bhatia, Vineet; Nayar, Amit

2015-09-01

Peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) is a local gingival reactive lesion, thought to be originating from the superficial periodontal ligament. It is found most often in the anterior maxilla with predilection for females and high recurrence rate. Clinically, the lesion is observed in gingiva or interdental papilla and manifested either as sessile or pedunculated mass which may appear ulcerated or erythematous or exhibit no color difference from the adjacent healthy gingival tissue. The present case report describes the diagnosis, treatment of POF, and immediate management of residual functional and cosmetic mucogingival defect which originated as a sequel of excisional biopsy of recurrent POF by utilizing modification of Grupe and Warren technique (modified laterally displaced flap). Clinical healing was uneventful at 2 weeks, and excellent coverage of residual mucogingival defect without any evidence of recession and or recurrence of POF was observed at surgical site 9 months postoperatively.

Deletion of Menin in craniofacial osteogenic cells in mice elicits development of mandibular ossifying fibroma.

PubMed

Lee, S; Liu, P; Teinturier, R; Jakob, J; Tschaffon, M; Tasdogan, A; Wittig, R; Hoeller, S; Baumhoer, D; Frappart, L; Vettorazzi, S; Bertolino, P; Zhang, C; Tuckermann, J

2018-02-01

Ossifying fibroma (OF) is a rare benign tumor of the craniofacial bones that can reach considerable and disfiguring dimensions if left untreated. Although the clinicopathological characteristics of OF are well established, the underlying etiology has remained largely unknown. Our work indicates that Men1-a tumor suppressor gene responsible of Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1-is critical for OF formation and shows that mice with targeted disruption of Men1 in osteoblasts (Men1 Runx2Cre ) develop multifocal OF in the mandible with a 100% penetrance. Using lineage-tracing analysis, we demonstrate that loss of Men1 arrests stromal osteoprogenitors in OF at the osterix-positive pre-osteoblastic differentiation stage. Analysis of Men1-lacking stromal spindle cells isolated from OF (OF-derived MSCs (OFMSCs)) revealed a downregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor Cdkn1a, consistent with an increased proliferation rate. Intriguingly, the re-expression of Men1 in Men1-deficient OFMSCs restored Cdkn1a expression and abrogated cellular proliferation supporting the tumor-suppressive role of Men1 in OF. Although our work presents the first evidence of Men1 in OF development, it further provides the first genetic mouse model of OF that can be used to better understand the molecular pathogenesis of these benign tumors and to potentially develop novel treatment strategies.

Fatigue-type stress fractures of the lower limb associated with fibrous cortical defects/non-ossifying fibromas in the skeletally immature.

PubMed

Shimal, A; Davies, A M; James, S L J; Grimer, R J

2010-05-01

To investigate the association of a fatigue-type stress fracture and a fibrous cortical defect/non-ossifying fibroma (FCD/NOF) of the lower limb long bones in skeletally immature patients. The patient database of a specialist orthopaedic oncology centre was searched to determine the number of skeletally immature patients (ossifying fibroma (NOF) of the lower limb long bones. The clinical and imaging features of those cases common to both groups (i.e., with both a fatigue-type stress fracture and a FCD or NOF) were reviewed. Six percent of patients (five cases) referred to an orthopaedic oncology unit, who were subsequently shown to have a stress fracture of the lower limb long bones, were found to have a related FCD/NOF. All had been referred with a suggested diagnosis of a bone sarcoma and/or osteomyelitis. The possibility of a stress fracture had been raised in only one case. Four cases involved the proximal tibia and one the distal femur. Radiographs revealed that both lesions arose in the posteromedial cortex in all but one of the cases. The radiographs and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features were considered typical of the overlapping pathological features of the lesions. A sarcoma could be effectively excluded in the absence of true

MicroRNA profiling reveals dysregulated microRNAs and their target gene regulatory networks in cemento-ossifying fibroma.

PubMed

Pereira, Thaís Dos Santos Fontes; Brito, João Artur Ricieri; Guimarães, André Luiz Sena; Gomes, Carolina Cavaliéri; de Lacerda, Júlio Cesar Tanos; de Castro, Wagner Henriques; Coimbra, Roney Santos; Diniz, Marina Gonçalves; Gomez, Ricardo Santiago

2018-01-01

Cemento-ossifying fibroma (COF) is a benign fibro-osseous neoplasm of uncertain pathogenesis, and its treatment results in morbidity. MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression and may represent therapeutic targets. The purpose of the study was to generate a comprehensive miRNA profile of COF compared to normal bone. Additionally, the most relevant pathways and target genes of differentially expressed miRNA were investigated by in silico analysis. Nine COF and ten normal bone samples were included in the study. miRNA profiling was carried out by using TaqMan® OpenArray® Human microRNA panel containing 754 validated human miRNAs. We identified the most relevant miRNAs target genes through the leader gene approach, using STRING and Cytoscape software. Pathways enrichment analysis was performed using DIANA-miRPath. Eleven miRNAs were downregulated (hsa-miR-95-3p, hsa-miR-141-3p, hsa-miR-205-5p, hsa-miR-223-3p, hsa-miR-31-5p, hsa-miR-944, hsa-miR-200b-3p, hsa-miR-135b-5p, hsa-miR-31-3p, hsa-miR-223-5p and hsa-miR-200c-3p), and five were upregulated (hsa-miR-181a-5p, hsa-miR-181c-5p, hsa-miR-149-5p, hsa-miR-138-5p and hsa-miR-199a-3p) in COF compared to normal bone. Eighteen common target genes were predicted, and the leader genes approach identified the following genes involved in human COF: EZH2, XIAP, MET and TGFBR1. According to the biology of bone and COF, the most relevant KEGG pathways revealed by enrichment analysis were proteoglycans in cancer, miRNAs in cancer, pathways in cancer, p53-, PI3K-Akt-, FoxO- and TGF-beta signalling pathways, which were previously found to be differentially regulated in bone neoplasms, odontogenic tumours and osteogenesis. miRNA dysregulation occurs in COF, and EZH2, XIAP, MET and TGFBR1 are potential targets for functional analysis validation. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Osteopontin expression in reactive lesions of gingiva

PubMed Central

ELANAGAI, Rathinam; VEERAVARMAL, Veeran; NIRMAL, Ramdas Madhavan

2015-01-01

Reactive proliferations of the gingiva comprise lesions such as pyogenic granuloma (PG), inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia (IFH), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant cell lesion. Osteopontin (OPN) has a dual role, it promotes mineralization when it is bound to solid substrate, and on the other hand, it inhibits mineralization when it is seen in association with solution. Objectives The study aimed to evaluate the expression of osteopontin in normal gingival tissue and different types of focal reactive proliferations of gingival tissue, and its role in the development of calcification within it. Material and Methods The presence and distribution of osteopontin was assessed using immunohistochemistry in five cases of normal gingival tissue and 30 cases of focal reactive proliferations of gingiva. Results There was no expression of osteopontin in normal subjects. Few cases of pyogenic granuloma, inflammatory fibroepithelial hyperplasia, and all the cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma showed positivity for osteopontin in the inflammatory cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and in the calcifications. Conclusion The expression of osteopontin in all the cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma speculates that the majority of the cases of peripheral ossifying fibroma originate from the periodontal ligament cells. The treatment modalities for peripheral ossifying fibroma should differ from other focal reactive proliferations of gingiva. PMID:25760265

Plantar Fibroma

MedlinePlus

... size. Orthotic devices. If the fibroma is stable, meaning it is not changing in size, custom orthotic devices (shoe inserts) may relieve the pain by distributing the patient’s weight away from the fibroma. Physical therapy. The pain is sometimes treated through physical ...

Laser ablation in temporomandibular joint disorders and a case report involving an ossifying fibroma: how optics could potentially advance treatments in oral and maxillofacial surgery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tandon, Rahul; Stevens, Timothy W.; Stringer, Dale E.; Dean, Jeff S.; Herford, Alan S.

2013-03-01

Introduction: In the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, there are many applications for lasers and optics. The first part of this manuscript is to discuss laser therapy and garner suggestions on how it can be improved. The second part is to present a case in which complications of a bone graft delayed healing and a return to normalcy for the patient. It is the goal of this paper to utilize the new advancements in optics so that patient care can be improved. Laser Therapy: Laser ablation and low-level laser therapy have been used in a variety of joint adhesion cases, including arthritis of the hand and foot. In the field of oral and maxillofacial surgery, this method has been used to treat pain and mobility dysfunction in patients with temporomandibular joint disease. While the outcomes have been promising, lack of familiarity with the device or doubt about its effects have reduced its use. This reduction in use has left the actual process of laser therapy relatively unchanged. Case Presentation: A 28 year-old female presented for a mandibular resection due to an ossifying fibroma. In the next several months her reconstructed area displayed significant signs of infection, as well as graft failure. X-rays, unfortunately, did not display the actual metabolic activity. Although the patient was reconstructed successfully thereafter, with more advanced technology available the patient could have endured a more comfortable treatment. Conclusion: While there are many more areas of oral and maxillofacial surgery that could potentially benefit from advances in optical technology, we have chosen to highlight these two areas due to their prevalence within our community.

Tendon sheath fibroma in the thigh.

PubMed

Moretti, Vincent M; Ashana, Adedayo O; de la Cruz, Michael; Lackman, Richard D

2012-04-01

Tendon sheath fibromas are rare, benign soft tissue tumors that are predominantly found in the fingers, hands, and wrists of young adult men. This article describes a tendon sheath fibroma that developed in the thigh of a 70-year-old man, the only known tendon sheath fibroma to form in this location. Similar to tendon sheath fibromas that develop elsewhere, our patient's lesion presented as a painless, slow-growing soft tissue nodule. Physical examination revealed a firm, nontender mass with no other associated signs or symptoms. Although the imaging appearance of tendon sheath fibromas varies, our patient's lesion appeared dark on T1- and bright on T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging. It was well marginated and enhanced with contrast.Histologically, tendon sheath fibromas are composed of dense fibrocollagenous stromas with scattered spindle-shaped fibroblasts and narrow slit-like vascular spaces. Most tendon sheath fibromas can be successfully removed by marginal excision, although 24% of lesions recur. No lesions have metastasized. Our patient's tendon sheath fibroma was removed by marginal excision, and the patient remained disease free 35 months postoperatively. Despite its rarity, tendon sheath fibroma should be included in the differential diagnosis of a thigh mass on physical examination or imaging, especially if it is painless, nontender, benign appearing, and present in men. Copyright 2012, SLACK Incorporated.

Chondromyxoid fibromas of the neurocranium.

PubMed

Linskey, M E; Hogg, J; Sekhar, L N

1991-01-01

We report a case of a chondromyxoid fibroma involving the upper clivus in a 73-year-old man. Chondromyxoid fibromas are uncommon benign bone tumors that rarely involve the skull. Chondromyxoid fibromas arising in the membranous neurocranium resemble their extracranial counterparts, appearing as radiolucent lesions with sclerotic margins and presenting most often as a painless focal swelling. Chondromyxoid fibromas arising in the chondrocranium differ from their extracranial counterparts and from those arising in the membranous neurocranium. They appear as locally destructive, often calcified, and exophytic lesions without sclerotic margins and present with cranial nerve dysfunction and symptoms caused by central nervous system compression.

Chondromyxoid Fibromas of the Neurocranium

PubMed Central

Linskey, Mark E.; Hogg, Jeffrey; Sekhar, Laligam N.

1991-01-01

We report a case of a chondromyxoid fibroma involving the upper clivus in a 73-year-old man. Chondromyxoid fibromas are uncommon benign bone tumors that rarely involve the skull. Chondromyxoid fibromas arising in the membranous neurocranium resemble their extracranial counterparts, appearing as radiolucent lesions with sclerotic margins and presenting most often as a painless focal swelling. Chondromyxoid fibromas arising in the chondrocranium differ from their extracranial counterparts and from those arising in the membranous neurocranium. They appear as locally destructive, often calcified, and exophytic lesions without sclerotic margins and present with cranial nerve dysfunction and symptoms caused by central nervous system compression. ImagesFigure 1Figure 2Figure 3 PMID:17170833

Comparative study of pagetoid dyskeratosis between acrochordons and soft fibromas.

PubMed

Piqué-Duran, Enric; Palacios-Llopis, Santiago; Moreno-Ramis, Pedro; Pérez-Cejudo, Juan A; Martínez-Martín, Ma Sol

2006-12-01

Pagetoid dyskeratosis (PD) is considered a casual finding. We can find it in some conditions, including acrochordons and soft fibromas. (1) to compare the presence of PD in soft fibromas and acrochordons and (2) to compare PD positive fibromas and PD negative fibromas. We reviewed all acrochordons and soft fibromas diagnosed in the General Hospital of Lanzarote, Spain, between January 2001 and December 2002. We assessed the presence of PD, size, acanthosis, basal pigmentation, and the presence of pseudohorn cysts. Three hundred sixty one acrochordons and 164 soft fibromas were included in this study. There were striking differences in the presence of PD, size, acanthosis, and basal pigmentation between both entities. PD positive fibromas predominated in axillas. There were no other differences between PD positive fibromas and PD negative fibromas. Although soft fibromas and acrochordons are actually fibroepithelial polyps, including the presence of PD, there are striking differences between them. Thus, both conditions have to be considered as different entities. PD could be related to friction and moisture. PD has to be distinguished from other conditions such as Paget's disease, pagetoid melanoma, koilocytes, clear cell papulosis, among others.

Desmoplastic fibroma. A case report.

PubMed

van Straelen, P M; Pool, R; Mennen, U

1988-11-19

A desmoplastic fibroma occurring in the distal forearm of a 14-year-old black boy is described and the historical background of the tumour together with an outline of the disease emphasizes the differential diagnosis between this condition and other fibrous lesions of soft tissue and bone. The clinical and radiological features as well as the treatment of desmoplastic fibroma are discussed. It is believed that this is the first such patient reported in Africa.

Cemento-ossyfying fibroma juvenile of the oral cavity

PubMed Central

CECCHETTI, F.; LUCIANI, F.; BRAMANTI, E.; BARTULI, F.N.; OTTRIA, L.; ARCURI, C.

2010-01-01

SUMMARY Objectives Fibro-osseous neoplasm remains somewhat controversial, and differing concept have been advanced regarding their nature and the proper terminology for them. Cemento-ossyfying fibroma juvenile (JOF) is a rare type of fibro-osseous tumor as also been included under the “umbrella” of cemento-ossyfying fibroma. The JOF is most often seen in patients who are between 5 and 15 years of age. With this work we emphasize the importance of a correct diagnostic approach. Material and methods. The case describes a form of cemento-ossyfying fibroma hight active and aggressive like JOF. The patient thirteen older showed from 2004 to 2008 three times the palatal lesion, it was performed with a incisional biopsy and excisional biopsy. The tumor were fixed in 10% buffered formalin embedded in paraffin cut into thick sections and stained with ematoxylineosin. Results The incisional biopsy was inadequate to formulate a correct diagnosis. The histological exams have showed for three times different aspects. Conclusion Some authors in the past have suggested different classification. The COFs show different clinical, histological and radiographical patterns. PMID:23285378

Cemento-ossyfying fibroma juvenile of the oral cavity.

PubMed

Cecchetti, F; Luciani, F; Bramanti, E; Bartuli, F N; Ottria, L; Arcuri, C

2010-01-01

Fibro-osseous neoplasm remains somewhat controversial, and differing concept have been advanced regarding their nature and the proper terminology for them. Cemento-ossyfying fibroma juvenile (JOF) is a rare type of fibro-osseous tumor as also been included under the "umbrella" of cemento-ossyfying fibroma. The JOF is most often seen in patients who are between 5 and 15 years of age. With this work we emphasize the importance of a correct diagnostic approach. MATERIAL AND METHODS.: The case describes a form of cemento-ossyfying fibroma hight active and aggressive like JOF. The patient thirteen older showed from 2004 to 2008 three times the palatal lesion, it was performed with a incisional biopsy and excisional biopsy. The tumor were fixed in 10% buffered formalin embedded in paraffin cut into thick sections and stained with ematoxylineosin. The incisional biopsy was inadequate to formulate a correct diagnosis. The histological exams have showed for three times different aspects. Some authors in the past have suggested different classification. The COFs show different clinical, histological and radiographical patterns.

Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian fibroma

PubMed Central

Pirschner, Fernanda; Bastos, Pollyana Marçal; Contarato, George Luiz; Bimbato, Anna Carolina Bon Lima; Filho, Antônio Chambô

2012-01-01

INTRODUCTION Gorlin syndrome (GS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is a rare hereditary, autosomal dominant disease that affects various systems. Its prevalence is estimated at 1/57,000 to 1/256,000 of the population. It is characterized by basal cell carcinomas, multiple odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal abnormalities and ovarian fibroma, among other disorders. PRESENTATION OF CASE To report the case of a young patient with Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian fibroma. DISCUSSION A 20-year old patient with Gorlin syndrome presented with facial asymmetry, broad nasal root, dental abnormalities, micrognathism, convergent strabismus, multiple pigmented lesions on the trunk and face, pectus excavatum, kyphoscoliosis and a palpable mass in the abdomen occupying the entire pelvic region. CONCLUSION Gorlin–Goltz syndrome is a hereditary pathology that includes numerous clinical manifestations. Diagnosis is clinical and genetic confirmation is unnecessary. PMID:22771908

Calcifying (juvenile) aponeurotic fibroma of the scalp.

PubMed

Thakur, Jagdeep S; Diwana, Vijay K; Sharma, Sudarshan; Thakur, Anamika

2011-10-01

Calcifying aponeurotic fibroma is a benign tumor with a predilection for distal parts of the extremities; it is very rare in the head and neck region. It commonly affects young patients-hence the term juvenile in the name. It is fibroblastic in origin and considered a cartilage analogue of fibromatosis, but its exact etiology remains unknown. Clinically, this tumor needs to be differentiated from fibromatosis, nodular fasciitis, chondroma, schwannoma, and rheumatoid nodule. A 24-year-old woman presented with swelling in the forehead for the previous 6 months. Wide surgical excision of the lesion was performed, and histopathologic examination revealed a calcifying aponeurotic fibroma. We reviewed the literature on this rare clinical entity and present our hypothesis on its etiology.

Successful Surgical Excision of a Large Cardiac Fibroma in an Asymptomatic Child.

PubMed

Borodinova, Olga; Ostras, Oleksii; Raad, Tammo; Yemets, Illya

2017-03-01

Cardiac fibroma is a rare disease, and the management of asymptomatic patients is controversial. We report a case of successful surgical excision of a large cardiac fibroma in an asymptomatic child. Surgery should be considered for such a patient, as sudden cardiac death may occur in the absence of premonitory symptoms.

Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian fibroma.

PubMed

Pirschner, Fernanda; Bastos, Pollyana Marçal; Contarato, George Luiz; Bimbato, Anna Carolina Bon Lima; Filho, Antônio Chambô

2012-01-01

Gorlin syndrome (GS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS), is a rare hereditary, autosomal dominant disease that affects various systems. Its prevalence is estimated at 1/57,000 to 1/256,000 of the population. It is characterized by basal cell carcinomas, multiple odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal abnormalities and ovarian fibroma, among other disorders. To report the case of a young patient with Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian fibroma. A 20-year old patient with Gorlin syndrome presented with facial asymmetry, broad nasal root, dental abnormalities, micrognathism, convergent strabismus, multiple pigmented lesions on the trunk and face, pectus excavatum, kyphoscoliosis and a palpable mass in the abdomen occupying the entire pelvic region. Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a hereditary pathology that includes numerous clinical manifestations. Diagnosis is clinical and genetic confirmation is unnecessary. Copyright © 2012 Surgical Associates Ltd. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Giant fibroma of the vulva

PubMed Central

Abasiattai, Aniekan M; Umoiyoho, Aniefiok J; Umana, Ivy N; Utuk, Ntiense M

2010-01-01

A 50-year-old grandmultiparous petty trader presented in the gynaecological unit of the University of Uyo Teaching Hospital with a painless groin swelling of 8 years’ duration, which had progressively increased in size. She had received several concoctions from a traditional healer who also made several incisions on her thighs and inguinal region. On examination, there were multiple scarification marks in the axilla, inguinal region and medial aspects of both thighs. There was a very huge, firm, non-tender mass involving the right vulva and measuring 40 by 35 cm (figure 1). The vaginal orifice was deviated to the left by the mass, the uterus was normal size and the adnexa were normal. She had an excision biopsy under general anaesthesia (figure 2) and the histology confirmed fibroma of the vulva (figure 3). She had an uneventful postoperative period and the wound healed well with good cosmetic results. Figure 1A huge vulva mass. Figure 2The vulva after the mass has been excised. Figure 3The histology confirming fibroma of the vulva.

Nasal cavity ossifying fibrosarcoma: an unusual fibro-osseous neoplasm.

PubMed

Alameda, Yadiel A; Perez-Mitchell, Carlos; Busquets, José M

2010-11-01

We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with left nasal obstruction. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed the presence of a soft-tissue mass that had obliterated the left nasal cavity. The mass was completely excised via an endoscopic approach. Histopathologic examination identified the tumor as an ossifying fibrosarcoma. The patient recovered uneventfully and remained free of disease at the 2-year postoperative follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, no case of an ossifying fibrosarcoma of the nasal cavity has been previously reported in the English-language literature. We discuss the features of this case and the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fibrosarcomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Chondromyxoid fibroma.

PubMed

Baron, R L; Galinski, A W; Vlahos, M; Heiring, M

1996-05-01

Chondromyxoid fibroma is a rare benign tumor derived from cartilage. The classic site of involvement is usually the metaphyseal ends of the long tubular bones, such as the tibia. The majority of these tumors are seen in the lower extremities during the second and third decades of life. Local recurrence of the tumor in bone is not uncommon, while soft tissue recurrence is less frequent. Most younger patients and those with recurrent tumors tend to have the mucinous type. This case is somewhat classic in nature. The tumor was originally seen in the second decade of life and was of the mucinoid type. Bone grafting was necessary because of the size and location of the tumor.

Primary Orbital Chondromyxoid Fibroma: A Rare Case.

PubMed

Mullen, Martin G; Somogyi, Marie; Maxwell, Sean P; Prabhu, Vikram; Yoo, David K

A 56-year-old male with history of chronic sinusitis was found to have a 3 cm left orbital lesion on CT. Subsequent MRI demonstrated a multilobulated enhancing soft tissue lesion at the superotemporal region of the left orbit. Initial biopsy was reported as a low-grade sarcoma. On further evaluation, a consensus was made that the lesion was likely a benign mixed mesenchymal type tumor but should nonetheless be surgically removed. Left lateral orbitotomy was performed which revealed a tumor originating in the lateral orbital bone with segments eroding through the wall of the orbit. Intraoperative frozen sections revealed myoepitheliod tissue with locally aggressive features and the tumor was completely removed. The final histopathologic analysis of the tissue was consistent with a chondromyxoid fibroma. Chondomyxoid fibroma is a rare entity in the orbital bones and is more commonly seen in long bones.

Conservative Management of Ovarian Fibroma in A Case of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome Comorbid with Endometriosis.

PubMed

Khodaverdi, Sepideh; Nazari, Leila; Mehdizadeh-Kashi, Abolfazl; Vahdat, Mansoureh; Rokhgireh, Samaneh; Farbod, Ali; Tajbakhsh, Banafsheh

2018-04-01

Ovarian fibromas are the most common benign solid ovarian tumors, which are often difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Ovarian fibromas, especially in bilateral cases, may be cases of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder with predisposition to basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and other various benign and malignant tumors. This case report describes a 25 year-old female with GGS, bilateral ovarian fibroma, endometriosis and septated uterus, which was referred to the Gynecology Clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in October 2016. This patient had facial asymmetry due to recurrent odontogenic keratocysts. In young cases of ovarian fibromas as reported here, conservative surgical management can preserve ovarian function and fertility. These patients must be followed up by a multidisciplinary team and submitted to periodic tests. Copyright© by Royan Institute. All rights reserved.

Conservative Management of Ovarian Fibroma in A Case of Gorlin-Goltz Syndrome Comorbid with Endometriosis

PubMed Central

Khodaverdi, Sepideh; Nazari, Leila; Mehdizadeh-Kashi, Abolfazl; Vahdat, Mansoureh; Rokhgireh, Samaneh; Farbod, Ali; Tajbakhsh, Banafsheh

2018-01-01

Ovarian fibromas are the most common benign solid ovarian tumors, which are often difficult to diagnose preoperatively. Ovarian fibromas, especially in bilateral cases, may be cases of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), a rare autosomal dominant disorder with predisposition to basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and other various benign and malignant tumors. This case report describes a 25 year-old female with GGS, bilateral ovarian fibroma, endometriosis and septated uterus, which was referred to the Gynecology Clinic of Rasoul-e-Akram Hospital in October 2016. This patient had facial asymmetry due to recurrent odontogenic keratocysts. In young cases of ovarian fibromas as reported here, conservative surgical management can preserve ovarian function and fertility. These patients must be followed up by a multidisciplinary team and submitted to periodic tests. PMID:29334213

Oral Bilateral Collagenous Fibroma: A previously unreported case and literature review.

PubMed

Vasconcelos, Ana-Carolina; Gomes, Ana-Paula; Tarquinio, Sandra; Abduch-Rodrigues, Eduardo; Mesquita, Ricardo; Silva, Karine

2018-01-01

Collagenous fibroma, also known as desmoplastic fibroblastoma, is a rare benign slow growing tumor particularly uncommon in the oral cavity. The aim of this study was to analyze the clinical and histopathological features of an oral collagenous fibroma as well as to compare this data with those reported in an English-literature review. The thirteenth case of collagenous fibroma in the oral cavity and the first to present clinically as a bilateral mass was described. A 48-years-old female patient was referred to a School of Dentistry, complaining about an asymptomatic swelling on the hard palate, lasting around ten years. The intraoral examination revealed two well-defined mass, bilaterally in the hard palate. An excisional biopsy was performed. Microscopically, the connective tissue consisted of dense collagen bundles in which were seen scarcely distributed spindle-shaped to stellate fibroblastic cells. Blood vessels were few, as well as inflammatory cells. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for vimentin, α-smooth muscle actin and factor XIIIa and negative for S-100, CD68, CD34, HHF35, desmin and AE1/AE3. The patient remains disease-free 24 months after excision. In conclusion, oral collagenous fibroma should be included in the differential diagnosis of bilateral sessile nodules in the oral cavity. Key words: Connective tissue, mouth diseases, mouth neoplasms, oral diagnosis, oral pathology.

Morphological and radiological study of ossified superior transverse scapular ligament as potential risk factor of suprascapular nerve entrapment.

PubMed

Polguj, Michał; Sibiński, Marcin; Grzegorzewski, Andrzej; Waszczykowski, Michał; Majos, Agata; Topol, Mirosław

2014-01-01

The suprascapular notch is covered superiorly by the superior transverse scapular ligament. This region is the most common place of suprascapular nerve entrapment formation. The study was performed on 812 specimens: 86 dry scapulae, 104 formalin-fixed cadaveric shoulders, and 622 computer topography scans of scapulae. In the cases with completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament, the following measurements were performed: proximal and distal width of the bony bridge, middle transverse and vertical diameter of the suprascapular foramen, and area of the suprascapular foramen. An ossified superior transverse scapular ligament was observed more often in men and in the right scapula. The mean age of the subjects with a completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament was found to be similar than in those without ossification. The ossified band-shaped type of superior transverse scapular ligament was more common than the fan-shaped type and reduced the space below the ligament to a significantly greater degree. The ossified band-shaped type should be taken into consideration as a potential risk factor in the formation of suprascapular nerve entrapment. It could explain the comparable frequency of neuropathy in various populations throughout the world despite the significant differences between them in occurrence of ossified superior transverse scapular ligament.

Ameloblastic odontoma in the mandible of a llama

PubMed Central

Step, Douglas L.; Ritchey, Jerry W.; Drost, William Tod; Bahr, Robert J.

2003-01-01

A 4-year-old llama had an aggressive, multiloculated, expansile bone lesion involving the rostral mandible. The mandibular lesion was imaged using radiography and computed tomography. Antemortem diagnosis of an ossifying fibroma was made histologically. Postmortem findings showed the lesion to be limited to the mandible. Final diagnosis was ameloblastic odontoma. PMID:14601679

Cutaneous fibroma in a captive common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina).

PubMed

Gonzales-Viera, O; Bauer, G; Bauer, A; Aguiar, L S; Brito, L T; Catão-Dias, J L

2012-11-01

An adult female common snapping turtle (Chelydra serpentina) had a mass on the plantar surface of the right forelimb that was removed surgically. Microscopical examination revealed many spindle cells with mild anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and a surrounding collagenous stroma. There were no mitoses. Immunohistochemistry showed that the spindle cells expressed vimentin, but not desmin. A diagnosis of cutaneous fibroma was made. Tumours are reported uncommonly in chelonian species. Cutaneous fibroma has been diagnosed in an alligator snapping turtle (Macrochelys temminckii), but not previously in a common snapping turtle. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Peripheral odontogenic fibroma: A case report and review

PubMed Central

Baiju, C. S.; Rohatgi, Sumidha

2011-01-01

Odontogenic tumors mainly occur as intraosseous growths but sometimes may present in a peripheral location on the gingiva where they are referred to as peripheral odontogenic tumors (POTs) which are a rare entity, the most common of them being the peripheral odontogenic fibroma that is an otherwise uncommon, slowly growing, benign odontogenic neoplasm of the periodontal soft tissues. In fact, peripheral odontogenic fibroma is the only POT that is more frequent than its central counterpart. Although considered to be with a potential to recur after excision, the actual recurrence rate is not known due to paucity of literature. This paper presents a case report along with review of the available literature and reinforces the importance of patient follow-up in addition to radiographic and histological examination of seemingly innocuous gingival exophytic lesions. PMID:22028517

Histochemical analysis of collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

PubMed

Schmidt, Mônica Jarema; Tschoeke, André; Noronha, Lúcia; Moraes, Rafaela Scariot de; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves; Grégio, Ana Maria Trindade; Alanis, Luciana Reis Azevedo; Ignácio, Sérgio Aparecido; Santos, Jean Nunes Dos; Lima, Antonio Adilson Soares de; Luiz, Teixeira Suelen; Michels, Arielli Carine; Aguiar, Maria Cássia Ferreira; Johann, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues

2016-06-01

The aim was to investigate collagen fibers in giant cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and oral normal mucosa. Sixty-six cases were stained with picrosirius red. The slides were observed under polarization, followed by the measurement of the area and the percentage of the type I and type III collagens. The age and gender were obtained from the clinical records. No differences could be observed in both the area and percentage of the type I and type III collagens within the categories of lesions and normal mucosa. In the giant cells fibroma, a greater area and percentage of type I collagen could be identified in individuals of less than 41.5 years (p<0.05). The distribution of type I and type III collagen fibers in the studied lesions followed a similar pattern to that observed in the normal mucosa, indicating a normal collagen maturation process of type III to I. The study supports that multinucleated and stellate cells of the giant cell fibroma appear to be functional within collagen types III and I turnover. The greater amount of type I collagen identified in giant cell fibroma in individuals of less than 41.5 years reinforce the neoplastic nature of lesion. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Ossifying granulomatous periostitis in the course of erythema nodosum.

PubMed

De Santis, E

1978-08-01

The author records a case of ossifying periostitis of the tibia apparently due to erythema nodosum. This does not appear to have been recorded previously. The histology, aetiology and differential diagnosis are discussed. The mechanism is probably one of direct spread from skin to periosteum.

MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression in giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Henrique Climeck; Tschoeke, André; da Cruz, Gabriele Claudino; Noronha, Lúcia; de Moraes, Rafaela Scariot; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves; de Aguiar, Maria Cássia Ferreira; Caldeira, Patrícia Carlos; de Oliveira Ribas, Marina; Grégio, Ana Maria Trindade; Alanis, Luciana Reis Azevedo; Ignácio, Sérgio Aparecido; Dos Santos, Jean Nunes; de Lima, Antonio Adilson Soares; Johann, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues

2016-12-01

The aim of this study is to compare the immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 1 and 8 in giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal mucosa. Twenty-two cases of giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and oral mucosa (control) each were subjected to immunohistochemistry using anti-metalloproteinase-1 and anti-metalloproteinase-8 antibodies. Eight images of each case were captured and analysed through the a) application of a count grid to count the number of positive neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels to obtain the percentage of staining and b) semi-automated segmentation quantifying the stained area in square micrometres. Statistical tests included ANOVA Two-way, Kruskal Wallis and Games-Howell, with a significance level of 5%. An increased percentage of metalloproteinase-1-immunopositive blood vessels were observed in giant-cell fibroma (26.6±22.4; p=0.02) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (34.3±31.5; p=0.01) compared with the control group (19.6±9.2). No significant differences in inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and total area of metalloproteinase-1 and -8 were noted among the three groups. Metalloproteinase-1 apparently acts within the pathogenesis of giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Ossified ligamentum flavum causing neurological deficit above the level of post-tuberculous kyphotic deformity.

PubMed

Subramani, Suresh; Shetty, Ajoy Prasad; Kanna, Rishi Mugesh; Shanmuganathan, Rajasekaran

2017-01-01

Late onset paraplegia is a rare complication of spinal tuberculosis. Disease reactivation and cord compression by internal gibbus are the common causes for neurological deficit. We report a patient with post-tubercular kyphotic deformity in whom the late onset paraplegia is caused by ossified ligamentum flavum above the level of kyphotic deformity. The deficit was attributable to the ossified ligamentum flavum and she recovered completely following posterior decompression and instrumented posterolateral fusion. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of this unusual cause of late onset paraplegia.

Nevus Lipomatosus Cutaneous Superficialis With Perifollicular Fibromas.

PubMed

Anzai, Alessandra; Halpern, Ilana; Rivitti-Machado, Maria Cecília

2015-09-01

Nevus lipomatosus cutaneous superficialis (NLCS) is a rare cutaneous hamartoma characterized by groups of mature fat cells in the dermis. The authors report a case of a dark-skinnned, 6-year-old, Brazilian girl with 1 lesion in the right upper chest, extending to the neck, since 1 year of age. The dermatological examination consisted of skin-colored and yellowish follicular papules, isolated and grouped into a papillomatous plaque. The biopsy revealed ectopic mature adipose tissue in the dermis, compatible with NLCS, perifollicular well-circumscribed fibroblast and collagen proliferation, and decreased elastic fibers in the papillary and upper reticular dermis. The finding of perifollicular fibrosis in NLCS is not common, having been first described in 2003. The perifollicular fibrosis is characteristic of other rare hamartoma, the perifollicular fibroma, but is also present in fibrofolliculomas or trichodiscomas, angiofibromas, and fibrotic papules on the face of tuberous sclerosis and postinflammatory fibrosis. This case is very similar to the first described case of NLCS with perifollicular fibrosis, and the authors believe that this is the second case of this entity, but they propose to name it NCLS with perifollicular fibromas, which better describes the nature of this lesion.

Incidence of reactive hyperplastic lesions in the oral cavity: a 10 year retrospective study in Santa Catarina, Brazil.

PubMed

Dutra, Kamile Leonardi; Longo, Lunardo; Grando, Liliane Janete; Rivero, Elena Riet Correa

2018-04-17

Reactive hyperplastic lesions develop in response to a chronic injury simulating an exuberant tissue repair response. They represent some of the most common oral lesions including inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, oral pyogenic granuloma, giant cell fibroma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, and peripheral giant cell lesions. The incidence of those lesions was investigated in an oral pathology service, and the clinical characteristics, associated etiological factors, concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was determined. A total of 2400 patient records were screened from 2006 to 2016. Clinical features were recorded from biopsy reports and patients' files. A total of 534 cases of reactive hyperplastic lesions were retrieved and retrospectively studied, representing 22.25% of all diagnoses. The most frequent lesion was inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (72.09%), followed by oral pyogenic granuloma (11.79%), giant cell fibroma (7.30%), peripheral ossifying fibroma (5.24%), and peripheral giant cell lesions (3.55%). Females were predominantly affected (74.19%), the gingiva and alveolar ridge were the predominant anatomical site (32.89%), and chronic traumatism was presented as the main etiological factor. The age widely ranges from the 1st decade of life to the 7th. Clinically, the reactive hyperplastic lesions consisted of small lesions (0.5-2cm) and shared a strong likeness in color to the oral mucosa. The concordance between the clinical and histopathological diagnostic was high (82.5%). Reactive hyperplastic lesions had a high incidence among oral pathologies. The understanding of their clinical features helps to achieve a clearer clinical and etiological diagnosis, and the knowledge of factors related to their development. This may contribute to adequate treatment and positive prognosis. Copyright © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.

Unguioblastoma and unguioblastic fibroma--an expanded spectrum of onychomatricoma.

PubMed

Ko, Christine J; Shi, Linda; Barr, Ronald J; Mölne, Lena; Ternesten-Bratel, Annika; Headington, John T

2004-04-01

Onychomatricoma is a rare tumor that appears to originate from cells of the nail matrix. Three cases of onychomatricoma that met Perrin et al.'s1 histologic criteria of onychomatricoma are described. However, using a single term to classify all three tumors ignores the apparent microscopic differences that exist among them. To demonstrate better the spectrum of so-called onychomatricoma and properly acknowledge the noticeable disparity among our cases, a series of terms is proposed. This terminology is based on the histologic spectrum of epithelial-stromal ratio of stromal cellularity and of extent nuclear pleomorphism. Use of such criteria has a precedent in the classification of follicular and odontogenic fibroepithelial neoplasms. This new nomenclature includes "unguioblastoma" for tumors with a predominant epithelial component and "unguioblastic fibroma" for tumors where a cellular stroma is more prominent and characteristic. The term "atypical unguioblastic fibroma" is used to describe a third rare neoplasm, in which the cellular stroma shows nuclear pleomorphism and atypia with an increase of mitotic activity.

Ovarian Fibroma: A Clinico-pathological Study of 23 Cases with Review of Literature.

PubMed

Parwate, Nikhil Sadanand; Patel, Shilpa M; Arora, Ruchi; Gupta, Monisha

2016-12-01

The purpose of this study was to correlate the clinical findings, RMI-4 index and frozen section, in cases of ovarian fibroma with the final histopathology. This is a retrospective study of clinical and pathological features of 23 patients of ovarian fibroma. The patient's age ranged from 34 to 66 years (mean-49 years). The most common presenting symptom was abdominal pain. On clinical examination, the mean size of ovarian tumor was 9.5 cm, CA-125 levels were found to be raised in 14 patients, and it was associated with ascites in 10 patients. USG showed a well-circumscribed mass (with a mean size of 14 cm), on the left side in 14 cases and on the right side in 9 patients. RMI-4 was calculated in all the patients, and it revealed the possibility of a benign histology in 17 patients. All patients underwent exploratory laparotomy with the removal of ovarian tumor followed by frozen section examination. All but one (22/23) patient had positive correlation among frozen section and final histopathological findings. Ovarian fibroma generally tends to occur in post-menopausal women. All the patients in our study of ovarian fibroma were symptomatic, with the presence of palpable mass in majority of patients. RMI-4 Index correlated very well with benign nature of disease. Frozen section has an invaluable role at surgery; fertility-conserving surgery is the choice in young women. Clinical findings, RMI-4 Index and frozen section, play vital roles before and during surgery in cases of benign ovarian tumors.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the mastoid facial nerve canal mimicking a facial nerve schwannoma.

PubMed

Thompson, Andrew L; Bharatha, Aditya; Aviv, Richard I; Nedzelski, Julian; Chen, Joseph; Bilbao, Juan M; Wong, John; Saad, Reda; Symons, Sean P

2009-07-01

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the skull base is a rare entity. Involvement of the temporal bone is particularly rare. We present an unusual case of progressive facial nerve paralysis with imaging and clinical findings most suggestive of a facial nerve schwannoma. The lesion was tubular in appearance, expanded the mastoid facial nerve canal, protruded out of the stylomastoid foramen, and enhanced homogeneously. The only unusual imaging feature was minor calcification within the tumor. Surgery revealed an irregular, cystic lesion. Pathology diagnosed a chondromyxoid fibroma involving the mastoid portion of the facial nerve canal, destroying the facial nerve.

Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome.

PubMed

Al-Rikabi, Ammar C; Ramaswamy, Jyothi C; Bhat, Venkatraman V

2005-01-01

This case report describes the clinical, radiological and histopathological features of the Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome as seen in a 6-year-old Qatari male patient who was initially misdiagnosed as a case of systemic neurofibromatosis. Our case has all the diagnostic stigmata of Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome as described in the literature and these include cafe au lait macules, skeletal deformities and multiple histologically confirmed non-ossifying fibromas of the long bones.

Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons.

PubMed

Klein, Nicole; Christian, Andreas; Sander, P Martin

2012-12-23

The histology of cervical ribs of Sauropoda reveals a primary bone tissue, which largely consists of longitudinally oriented mineralized collagen fibres, essentially the same tissue as found in ossified tendons. The absence of regular periosteal bone and the dominance of longitudinal fibres contradict the ventral bracing hypothesis (VBH) postulated for sauropod necks. The VBH predicts histologically primary periosteal bone with fibres oriented perpendicular to the rib long axis, indicative of connective tissue between overlapping hyperelongated cervical ribs. The transformation of the cervical ribs into ossified tendons makes the neck more flexible and implies that tension forces acted mainly along the length of the neck. This is contrary to the VBH, which requires compressive forces along the neck. Tension forces would allow important neck muscles to shift back to the trunk region, making the neck much lighter.

Histology shows that elongated neck ribs in sauropod dinosaurs are ossified tendons

PubMed Central

Klein, Nicole; Christian, Andreas; Sander, P. Martin

2012-01-01

The histology of cervical ribs of Sauropoda reveals a primary bone tissue, which largely consists of longitudinally oriented mineralized collagen fibres, essentially the same tissue as found in ossified tendons. The absence of regular periosteal bone and the dominance of longitudinal fibres contradict the ventral bracing hypothesis (VBH) postulated for sauropod necks. The VBH predicts histologically primary periosteal bone with fibres oriented perpendicular to the rib long axis, indicative of connective tissue between overlapping hyperelongated cervical ribs. The transformation of the cervical ribs into ossified tendons makes the neck more flexible and implies that tension forces acted mainly along the length of the neck. This is contrary to the VBH, which requires compressive forces along the neck. Tension forces would allow important neck muscles to shift back to the trunk region, making the neck much lighter. PMID:23034173

PROGRESSIVE OSSIFYING FIBRODYSPLASIA: CASE REPORT

PubMed Central

Romani, Fabiana; de Menezes Karam, Simone

2015-01-01

Progressive ossifying fibrodysplasia is a rare genetic disease that affects one individual in every two million births. Its main consequence is heterotopic ossification, i.e. formation of additional bone in abnormal locations. It is an autosomal dominant disease, usually caused by a new mutation in the ACVR1 receptor gene, which is in the signaling pathway for bone morphogenic protein. This abnormality is not related to gender, ethnicity or consanguinity. The present study reports the case of A.C., a 17-year-old girl. Her clinical investigation began at the age of four years, but she was only diagnosed with FOP at the age of 15 years, after being evaluated by several specialists in different centers. The patient has two siblings, but her family history did not reveal any similar cases. PMID:27047836

Congenital peripheral ameloblastic fibroma with intraosseous involvement in a 2-week-old infant: A case report with review of literature.

PubMed

Langer, Sabina; Choudhury, Monisha; Agarwal, Savita; Mehra, Parvesh

2015-01-01

Ameloblastic fibroma is a rare, slow-growing benign mixed odontogenic tumor. It constitutes 2% of odontogenic tumors and is reported to occur at an age ranging from 6 months to 42 years. The youngest being a 7-week-old infant. We report a case of peripheral ameloblastic fibroma in a 2-week-old infant. The lesion presented since birth. It involved the maxilla with an extraosseous component involving the gingiva. A more or less conservative surgical approach of enucleation and curettage of the lesion was done under general anesthesia, trying to conserve the adjacent tooth buds. Only a few cases of congenital peripheral ameloblastic fibroma have been reported so far.

Bone union and remodelling of the non-ossified segment in thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament after posterior decompression and fusion surgery.

PubMed

Koda, Masao; Furuya, Takeo; Okawa, Akihiko; Aramomi, Masaaki; Inada, Taigo; Kamiya, Koshiro; Ota, Mitsutoshi; Maki, Satoshi; Ikeda, Osamu; Takahashi, Kazuhisa; Mannoji, Chikato; Yamazaki, Masashi

2015-11-01

The motion at the non-ossified segment of the ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is thought to be highly correlated to aggravation of symptoms of myelopathy. The rationale for posterior decompression with instrumented fusion (PDF) surgery is to limit the motion of the non-ossified segment of OPLL by stabilization. The purpose of the present study was to elucidate the course of bone union and remodelling of the non-ossified segment of thoracic OPLL (T-OPLL) after PDF surgery. A total of 29 patients who underwent PDF surgery for T-OPLL were included in this study. We measured the thickness of the OPLLs by determining the thickest part of the OPLL in the sagittal multi-planer reconstruction CT images pre- and post-operatively. Five experienced spine surgeons independently performed CT measurements of OPLL thickness twice. Japanese Orthopaedic Association score for thoracic myelopathy was measured as clinical outcome measure. Non-ossified segment of OPLLs fused in 24 out of 29 (82.8 %) patients. The average thickness of the OPLL at its thickest segment was 8.0 mm and decreased to 7.3 mm at final follow-up. The decrease in ossification thickness was significantly larger in the patients who showed fusion of non-ossified segments of OPLL compared with that in the patients did not show fusion. There was no significant correlation between the clinical outcome and the decrease in thickness of the OPLLs. The results of this study showed that remodelling of the OPLLs, following fusion of non-ossified segment of OPLLs, resulted in a decreased OPLL thickness, with potential for a reduction of spinal cord compression.

Intradiploic pseudomeningocele and ossified occipitocervical pseudomeningocele after decompressive surgery for Chiari I malformation: report of two cases and literature review.

PubMed

Kurzbuch, Arthur R; Magdum, Shailendra; Jayamohan, Jayaratnam

2017-04-01

Intradiploic cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collections are rare findings. The authors describe two pediatric patients with iatrogenically induced occipital CSF collections after decompressive surgery for Chiari I malformation. The first patient presents a large occipital intradiploic pseudomeningocele and the second patient an intradiploic pseudomeningocele merging with an ossified occipitocervical pseudomeningocele. Though being rarities after decompression for Chiari I malformation, intradiploic fluid collection and ossified pseudomeningocele should be considered if patients represent with aggravating presurgical or new symptoms.

Ossified Intracranial Meningiomas: Description of the First Series of Cases and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Caffo, Maria; Caruso, Gerardo; Barresi, Valeria; Tomasello, Francesco

2016-10-01

Metaplastic meningiomas are characterized by mesenchymal differentiation with formation of bone, cartilage, fat, or xanthomatous elements. However the presence of extensive areas of ossification is rare in meningiomas. In addition, intracranial location of ossified meningiomas is uncommon. Surgical management represents the optimal treatment for ossified meningiomas, but ossification may interfere with surgery and condition outcome. By reviewing patient records and contacting patients, families, and referring physicians, the following information was gathered: age, sex, tumor location, clinical presentation, preoperative and postoperative functional status, and surgical data. Each surgical specimen had been formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded, and cut into parallel 4-μm-thick sections for histological evaluation. Our literature search identified 8 cases, all of whom had undergone surgical treatment. Histopathological analysis revealed the presence of disorganized bone spicules with solitary oval osteocytic nuclei and lined by osteoblasts, with clear evidence of bone tissue in at least 50% of tumor tissue. Here we present the largest series, to our knowledge, of surgically treated intracranial ossified meningiomas reported to date. The mechanism of ossification in these meningiomas remains unclear, and various hypotheses have been formulated. Complete lesion removal, or subtotal debulking in those cases characterized by tenacious adherences to vascular structures and/or critical areas, may represent the optimal treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Desmoplastic fibroma. Differential diagnosis of a periapical lesion from endodontic failure].

PubMed

Zabalegui, B; Gil, J; Zabalegui, I

1989-01-01

Treatment of endodontically involved teeth requires accurate diagnosis of the clinical pulpal condition to determine the primary cause of pathosis. The case presented shows the differential diagnosis between a desmoplastic fibroma and a failure of a misdiagnosed endodontic treatment. The initial direction of treatment should had never been the endodontic therapy but local surgical curettage of the lesion.

A large parosteal ossifying lipoma of lower limb encircling the femur

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Introduction Lipoma is a benign soft tissue neoplasm that may contain mesenchymal elements, as a result of metaplastic process. Ossification in benign and malignant soft tissue tumors can also manifest due to metaplastic process. Case presentation A 45 year old woman presented with a large thigh mass. The mass was developed one and a half year ago which insidiously increased in size and was associated with movement restriction. Radiological findings revealed soft tissue neoplasm on antero-medial aspect of thigh encircling the femur and displacing adjacent muscles. Fine trabeculations were seen in neoplasm suggestive of ossification. Excision of the mass was performed and histopathology revealed adipocytes with mature bony trabeculae possessing prominent osteoblastic rimming suggestive of ossifying lipoma. Conclusion It is important to recognize this variant of lipoma as it is associated with a better clinical outcome in contrast to most of the deep seated soft tissue neoplasms. Secondly it should also be differentiated from myositis ossificans and heterologous differentiation in other soft tissue neoplasms. We suggest an algorithmic approach to the diagnosis of ossifying soft tissue neoplasms histopathologically. Mature bony trabeculae with prominent osteoblastic rimming in a soft tissue lesion are due to a metaplastic process and should not be confused with osteosarcoma. PMID:24433545

Quantitative analysis of the plain radiographic appearance of nonossifying fibroma.

PubMed

Friedland, J A; Reinus, W R; Fisher, A J; Wilson, A J

1995-08-01

To quantitate radiographic features that distinguish the plain radiographic appearance of nonossifying fibroma (NOF) from other solitary lesions of bone. Seven hundred nine cases of focal bone lesions, including 34 NOFs, were analyzed according to demographic, anatomic, and plain radiographic features. Vector analysis of groups of features was performed to determine those that are most sensitive and specific for the appearance of NOF in contrast to other lesions in the data base. The radiographic appearance of NOFs was most consistently a medullary based (97%), lytic lesion (100%) with geographic bone destruction (100%), marginal sclerosis (97%), and well-defined edges (94%). A statistically significant number of lesions were located in the distal aspect of long bones. Unicameral bone cyst shared the most radiographic features with the NOF. Vector analysis showed a large degree of overlap between NOF and other lesions such as aneurysmal bone cyst, chondromyxoid fibroma, and eosinophilic granuloma. The description that optimized sensitivity and prevalence for detection of NOF is a medullary based, ovoid lesion in the distal or proximal portions of a long bone with well-defined edges, a partial or complete rind of sclerosis, and absence of fallen fragment, periosteal reaction, and cortical disruption. The radiographic appearance of NOF is relatively nonspecific but, using vector analysis, can be better elucidated over current textbook descriptions.

Surgical resection of peripheral odontogenic fibromas in African pygmy hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris): a case study.

PubMed

Wozniak-Biel, Anna; Janeczek, Maciej; Janus, Izabela; Nowak, Marcin

2015-07-04

Neoplastic lesions of the mammary gland, lymph nodes, or oral cavity in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris) are common in captive animals. Chemotherapy and radiotherapy protocols have not yet been established for the African pygmy hedgehog. Thus, surgical resection is the current treatment of choice in this species. A 5-year-old male African pygmy hedgehog showed multiple erythematous, round small tumors located in the oral cavity, on both sides of maxilla. The treatment of choice was surgical resection of tumors using a surgical knife under general anesthesia. Excised neoplastic lesions were diagnosed as peripheral odontogenic fibroma by histopathology. Six months after surgery relapse of tumors in the oral cavity was not observed. The treatment adopted in this case report is safe for the patient and provides the best solution for mild proliferative lesions of the oral cavity. To our knowledge this is the first report of surgical resection of oral tumors (peripheral odontogenic fibroma) in the African pygmy hedgehog.

Portable oral cancer detection using a miniature confocal imaging probe with a large field of view

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Youmin; Raj, Milan; McGuff, H. Stan; Bhave, Gauri; Yang, Bin; Shen, Ting; Zhang, Xiaojing

2012-06-01

We demonstrate a MEMS micromirror enabled handheld confocal imaging probe for portable oral cancer detection, where a comparatively large field of view (FOV) was generated through the programmable Lissajous scanning pattern of the MEMS micromirror. Miniaturized handheld MEMS confocal imaging probe was developed, and further compared with the desktop confocal prototype under clinical setting. For the handheld confocal imaging system, optical design simulations using CODE VR® shows the lateral and axial resolution to be 0.98 µm and 4.2 µm, where experimental values were determined to be 3 µm and 5.8 µm, respectively, with a FOV of 280 µm×300 µm. Fast Lissajous imaging speed up to 2 fps was realized with improved Labview and Java based real-time imaging software. Properties such as 3D imaging through autofocusing and mosaic imaging for extended lateral view (6 mm × 8 mm) were examined for carcinoma real-time pathology. Neoplastic lesion tissues of giant cell fibroma and peripheral ossifying fibroma, the fibroma inside the paraffin box and ex vivo gross tissues were imaged by the bench-top and handheld imaging modalities, and further compared with commercial microscope imaging results. The MEMS scanner-based handheld confocal imaging probe shows great promise as a potential clinical tool for oral cancer diagnosis and treatment.

Reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity: A ten year observational study on North Indian Population

PubMed Central

Saxena, Susmita; Saxena, Sanjeev; Reddy, Munish

2012-01-01

Back ground: The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of focal reactive hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity as reported in the Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Subharti Dental College, Meerut and to compare these data with those of previously reported studies from other regions and countries. Material and Method: Patient records of the Department of Oral Pathology were retrieved during a 10 year period from 2001 to 2010. Data of all reactive hyperplasias namely focal fibrous hyperplasia (FFH), pyogenic granuloma (PG), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (PGCG) were reviewed and analyzed for age, gender, and site of location. Results: There were 209 focal reactive hyperplastic lesions that comprised 12.8% of the 1634 accessed biopsies. FFH was the most common lesion constituting 57.4% of the cases, followed by PG (18.7%), POF (17.7%) and PGCG (6.22%). The mean age of patients at presentation was 31.56 years. The female to male ratio was 1.5:1. The most frequently involved site was the gingiva (81.8%); other sites were the buccal mucosa, lips, tongue, alveolar mucosa and palate. Conclusion: Oral lesions are often detected by Dental professionals and surgeons. Knowledge of the frequency and presentation of the most common oral lesions is beneficial in developing a clinical impression of such lesions encountered in practice and to minimize potential dentoalveolar complications. Key words:Focal reactive hyperplastic lesions, fibrous hyperplasia, pyogenic granuloma, peripheral ossifying fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma. PMID:24558543

Floating retained root lesion mimicking apical periodontitis.

PubMed

Chung, Ming-Pang; Chen, Chih-Ping; Shieh, Yi-Shing

2009-10-01

A case of a retained root tip simulating apical periodontitis on radiographic examination is described. The retained root tip, originating from the left lower first molar, floated under the left lower second premolar apical region mimicking apical periodontitis. It appeared as an ill-defined periapical radiolucency containing a smaller radiodense mass on radiograph. The differential diagnosis included focal sclerosing osteomyelitis (condensing osteitis) and ossifying fibroma. Upon exicisional biopsy, a retained root associated with granulation tissue was found. After 1-year follow-up, the patient was asymptomatic and the periradicular lesion was healing. Meanwhile, the associated tooth showed a normal response to stimulation testing.

Fibroma of the vulva: a case report.

PubMed

Berlin, Melvin; Berlin, Scott

2007-06-01

It is rare to see large vulvar growths that are not trauma related in young women. The largest vulvar mass recorded dates back to 1851. Fibroma of the vulva is not common but, if not seen early and removed, can be emotionally draining for the patient. A large vulvar mass was found in an 18-year-old woman and was expeditiously excised. The patient was emotionally withdrawn and would not participate in any school or social activities. She would carry moist paper towels with her to prevent maceration of the lower abdomen and lesion wall. An extraordinary physical finding can embarrass and alter a patient's demeanor and should be addressed without delay. The emotional condition of our patient prior to surgery consisted of depression and emotional stress due to the large vulvar mass. Following surgery the patient was comfortable, and her demeanor is now excellent.

Cytogenetic characterization of a fibroma and three haemangiopericytomas in domestic dogs.

PubMed

Mayr, B; Scheller, M; Reifinger, M; Loupal, G

1995-01-01

Cytogenetic evaluation of tumour cells taken from an 11-year-old mixed breed birth with a fibroma, showed trisomy 1 (2n = 79) and often the presence of a third copy of chromosome 4. In a 13-year-old mixed breed Boxer bitch with a haemangiopericytoma, trisomy 9 (2n = 79) was present. In contrast, another haemangiopericytoma (in a 15-year-old rough-haired Dachshund bitch) showed a deleted chromosome 1, several centric fusions and trisomy 2. Trisomy 2 and trisomy 29 were detected in a third haemangiopericytoma from an 11-year-old rough-haired Dachshund bitch.

Expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia.

PubMed

Bulut, Emel Uzun; Acikgoz, Aydan; Ozan, Bora; Zengin, Ayse Zeynep; Gunhan, Omer

2012-01-01

To present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia and emphasize the importance of differential diagnosis. Cemento-osseous dysplasia is categorized into three subtypes on the basis of the clinical and radiographic features: Periapical, focal and florid. The focal type exhibits a single site of involvement in any tooth-bearing or edentulous area of the jaws. These lesions are usually asymptomatic; therefore, they are frequently diagnosed incidentally during routine radiographic examinations. Lesions are usually benign, show limited growth, and do not require further surgical intervention, but periodic follow-up is recommended because occasionally, this type of dysplasia progresses into florid osseous dysplasia and simple bone cysts are formed. A 24-year-old female patient was referred to our clinic for swelling in the left edentulous mandibular premolarmolar region and felt discomfort when she wore her prosthetics. She had no pain, tenderness or paresthesia. Clinical examination showed that the swelling in the posterior mandible that was firm, nonfluctuant and covered by normal mucosa. On panoramic radiography and computed tomography, a well defined lesion of approximately 1.5 cm in diameter of mixed density was observed. The swelling increased slightly in size over 2 years making it difficult to use prosthetics and, therefore, the lesion was totally excised under local anesthesia, and surgical specimens were submitted for histopathological examination. The histopathological diagnosis was focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. In the present case, because of the increasing size of the swelling making it difficult to use prosthetics, young age of the patient and localization of the lesion, in the initial examination, cemento-ossifying fibroma was suspected, and the lesion was excised surgically; the histopathological diagnosis confirmed it as focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. We present a case of expansive focal cemento-osseous dysplasia. Differential diagnosis

A rare case of an aggressive osteoblastoma of the squamous temporal bone: a unique presentation with literature review.

PubMed

Mohanty, Sujata; Rani, Amita; Urs, A B; Dabas, Jitender

2014-10-01

Aggressive osteoblastoma is a rare osteoid tissue forming tumour commonly affecting the spine with predilection for the posterior elements. Calvarial involvement is extremely rare with only two reported cases in the literature. Due to its overlapping clinical, radiographic and histological features with ossifying fibroma, benign osteoblastoma and osteosarcoma, it is very difficult accurately to diagnose this lesion at an early stage. A rare case of an aggressive osteoblastoma of the squamous temporal bone in a young male is presented here which was misdiagnosed twice before reaching the final diagnosis by correlating clinical, radiographic and histopathological features. Copyright © 2014 European Association for Cranio-Maxillo-Facial Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Morphometric study of suprascapular notch in Indian dry scapulae with specific reference to the incidence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament.

PubMed

Kannan, Usha; Kannan, N S; Anbalagan, J; Rao, Sudha

2014-03-01

The suprascapular notch, a depression on the lateral part of the superior border of the scapula, medial to the coracoid process, is bridged by the superior transverse scapular ligament, which is sometimes ossified and the foramen which is thus completed, transmits the suprascapular nerve to the supraspinatus fossa. Variations in the morphology of suprascapular notch have been identified as one of the causes of suprascapular nerve entrapment. Rengachary et al. classified this notch into six types, based on its shape. To study morphological variations of suprascapular notch in Indian dry scapulae and to analyze the incidence of completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligament with other ethnic populations which have been cited earlier. A total of 400 human dry scapulae which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy of selected eight medical colleges were analyzed. The type of suprascapular notch was noted and it was recorded as per the description given by Rengachary et al. The results of the present study were compared with the results of previous authors in different populations. In our study, out of 400 scapulae, 40 (10%), were identified to have completely ossified superior transverse scapular ligaments. The frequencies of various types of suprascapular notches were: Type I -20%, Type II -10%, Type III -52%, Type IV -4%, Type V -4%, Type VI -10%. Since the suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome might be caused by complete ossification of superior transverse scapular ligament with formation of suprascapular foramen and other morphometric variations of suprascapular notch, the knowledge on such variations is essential for clinicians, for making a proper diagnosis and for planning the most suitable surgical intervention.

Clinicopathological Characteristics of Mitotically-active Cellular Fibroma of the Ovary: A Single-institutional Experience.

PubMed

Kim, Ji-Ye; Na, Kiyong; Kim, Hyun-Soo

2017-05-01

Mitotically-active cellular fibroma (MACF) is a rare form of ovarian fibromatous tumor. Although it is generally acknowledged to have indolent biological behavior, its rarity and overlapping histopathological features with more common and aggressive entities make MACF prone to misdiagnosis and overtreatment. The clinicopathological characteristics of ovarian MACF have not been clearly established. Our 10-year review of cellular fibromatous tumors of the ovary diagnosed at a single institution revealed four cases of cellular fibroma (CF) and three cases of MACF. The mean age of patients with MACF was 46 years (range=20-71 years). Patients presented with symptoms related to pelvic masses, such as abdominal pain and discomfort and flank pain. Serum levels of cancer antigen 125 was increased in two patients with MACF. All cases of MACF were a single unilateral tumor. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed solid or mixed solid and cystic ovarian masses with diameters of 7.3-14.9 cm. The radiological impressions included benign stromal tumor, benign epithelial tumor, and borderline epithelial tumor. Grossly, MACFs exhibited yellow-to-tan fleshy cut surfaces, without necrosis or hemorrhage. Extensive hyaline degeneration, resulting in a fibrotic cut surface, was observed in one case. Histologically, MACF displayed frequent mitotic figures, as well as increased cellularity and mild cytological atypia. The mean mitotic count was 8.7 per 10 high-power fields. MACF is a newly-recognized subtype of ovarian cellular fibromatous tumor. Pathologists and clinicians should be aware of this rare entity to prevent misdiagnosis of MACF as fibrosarcoma or adult granulosa cell tumor and resultant overtreatment. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. VI. Fibrous tissue tumors (fibroma, fibromatosis, fibrosarcoma).

PubMed

Fu, Y S; Perzin, K H

1976-06-01

In a study of 256 nonepithelial neoplasms involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx, 23 lesions were classified as fibrous tissue tumors, including four cases of "fibroma", six of fibromatosis, and thirteen of fibrosarcoma. The clinical findings associated with these lesions are described, their histologic features illustrated, results of therapy presented and clinicopathologic correlations made. The "fibromas" presented a small localized nodules. None recurred after local excision. Fibromatosis, a locally aggressive tumor, does not metastasize, but may cause considerable morbidity or even death due to local infiltration which may be difficult to control surgically. Fibrosarcoma may cause death either by local infiltration or by metastasis, but has a better prognosis than most other sarcomas of this region. We recommend that a large en block resection be performed initially for fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma growing in this area, after the diagnosis has been made by biopsy. In this series, including patients who had more than one operation, recurrent tumor was seen following 10 of 12 limited local excisions performed for fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma, but in only one of 13 patients after a large bloc resection. The problems involved in histologically differentiating fibrous tissue tumors from other lesions are discussed. A patient with the rare syndrome of multicentric fibromatosis with spontaneous regression of lesions is presented.

The mechanical consequence of failure of ossified union in attempted posterior spinal fusion. A canine model.

PubMed

Stonecipher, T K; Vanderby, R; Sciammarella, C A; Lei, S S; Fisk, J R

1983-01-01

The mechanical behavior of pseudarthrosis in posterior spinal fusion was investigated. A canine model was developed in which an incompletely ossified posterior fusion mass was consistently produced. The spines were excised, and the motion segments were mechanically tested using a specially developed loading apparatus. Tests were performed to evaluate stiffness of the segments to loading with compression, torsion, and anterioposterior and lateral bending shear stiffness. Changes in other modes of loading were less consistent. The motion characteristics of the pseudarthrosis could not be predicted from the extent of the osseous defect noted on roentgenograms. These findings correlate clinically with the progression of curvature seen with pseudarthrosis in scoliosis surgery and the unpredictable results of pseudarthrosis in posterior fusion performed in treatment of degenerative disc disease.

Ossifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff after arthroscopic excision of calcium deposits: report of two cases and literature review.

PubMed

Merolla, Giovanni; Dave, Arpit C; Paladini, Paolo; Campi, Fabrizio; Porcellini, Giuseppe

2015-03-01

Ossifying tendinitis (OT) is a type of heterotopic ossification, characterized by deposition of hydroxyapatite crystals in a histologic pattern of mature lamellar bone. It is usually associated with surgical intervention or trauma and is more commonly seen in Achilles or distal biceps tendons, and also in the gluteus maximus tendon. To our knowledge, there is no description of OT as a complication of calcifying tendinitis of the rotator cuff. In this report, we describe two cases in which the patients developed an OT of the supraspinatus after arthroscopic removal of calcium deposits. The related literature is reviewed.

Chondromyxoid fibroma of the pubic ramus: a case report and literature review.

PubMed

Arıkan, Murat; Toğral, Güray; Yıldırım, Ahmet; Aktaş, Erdem

2016-01-01

Chondromyxoid fibromas (CMF) are benign cartilaginous bone tumors which are found most frequently in the metaphyses of long bones. They comprise less than 1% of primary bone neoplasms. We report an interesting incidental case of a 43-year-old woman with a CMF of the left pubic ramus, presenting with complaints of gradual onset of left groin pain over a period of 2 years. According to radiological examination, a malign chondroid bone tumor was excluded, and histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of CMF. The patient underwent aggressive curettage and bone grafting 6 years ago. Pelvic bones are encountered as rare localizations for CMFs. Pubic ramus is accepted as an exceptional site for this benign bone tumor of cartilaginous origin. To our knowledge, no any other CMF case in this localization has been reported in the literature. In atypical regions such as the pelvis and pubic ramus, CMF must be considered for differential diagnosis of malign tumors.

Case Presentation of Concomitant and Contiguous Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor and Focal Cemento-Ossifying Dysplasia.

PubMed

Rezvani, Gita; Donoghue, Mandana; Reichart, Peter A; Pazuhi, Neda

2015-01-01

A 24 year-old male was presented for the diagnosis of an asymptomatic bony expansion in relation to the right maxillary canine and first premolar. The unilocular radiolucent lesion with central foci of calcification had caused divergence of canine and first premolar roots without any resorption. This case report details a diagnosis of two distinct disease processes of different cellular origin namely, focal cemento-ossifying dysplasia and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a previously unreported concomitant and contiguous relationship. The diagnosis was determined by a combination of clinical, radiographic, histopathological and surgical evidence. This case highlights two points, first the need to examine all mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesions with advanced imaging techniques to assess the number and extent of the lesions prior to treatment planning. Second a likely role of periodontal ligament as the tissue source for odontogenic epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells required for the development of odontogenic tumors and cemento-osseous dysplasias.

Case Presentation of Concomitant and Contiguous Adenomatoid Odontogenic Tumor and Focal Cemento-Ossifying Dysplasia

PubMed Central

Rezvani, Gita; Donoghue, Mandana; Reichart, Peter A; Pazuhi, Neda

2015-01-01

A 24 year-old male was presented for the diagnosis of an asymptomatic bony expansion in relation to the right maxillary canine and first premolar. The unilocular radiolucent lesion with central foci of calcification had caused divergence of canine and first premolar roots without any resorption. This case report details a diagnosis of two distinct disease processes of different cellular origin namely, focal cemento-ossifying dysplasia and adenomatoid odontogenic tumor in a previously unreported concomitant and contiguous relationship. The diagnosis was determined by a combination of clinical, radiographic, histopathological and surgical evidence. This case highlights two points, first the need to examine all mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesions with advanced imaging techniques to assess the number and extent of the lesions prior to treatment planning. Second a likely role of periodontal ligament as the tissue source for odontogenic epithelial cells and mesenchymal stem cells required for the development of odontogenic tumors and cemento-osseous dysplasias. PMID:26464605

Evaluation of mast cell counts and microvessel density in reactive lesions of the oral cavity.

PubMed

Kouhsoltani, Maryam; Moradzadeh Khiavi, Monir; Tahamtan, Shabnam

2016-01-01

Background. Reliable immunohistochemical assays to assess the definitive role of mast cells (MCs) and angiogenesis in the pathogenesis of oral reactive lesions are generally not available. The aim of the present study was to evaluate mast cell counts (MCC) and microvessel density (MVD) in oral reactive lesions and determine the correlation between MCC and MVD. Methods. Seventy-five cases of reactive lesions of the oral cavity, including pyogenic granuloma, fibroma, peripheral giant cell granuloma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, peripheral ossifying fibroma (15 for each category) were immunohisto-chemically stained with MC tryptase and CD31. Fifteen cases of normal gingival tissue were considered as the control group. The mean MCC and MVD in superficial and deep connective tissues were assessed and total MCC and MVD was computed for each lesion. Results . Statistically significant differences were observed in MCC and MVD between the study groups (P < 0.001). MC tryptase and CD31 expression increased in the superficial connective tissue of each lesion in comparison to the deep con-nective tissue. A significant negative correlation was not found between MCC and MVD in oral reactive lesions (P < 0.001, r = -0.458). Conclusion. Although MCs were present in the reactive lesions of the oral cavity, a direct correlation between MCC and MVD was not found in these lesions. Therefore, a significant interaction between MCs and endothelial cells and an active role for MCs in the growth of oral reactive lesions was not found in this study.

Case Report: Diagnosis of a Rare Plaque-Like Dermal Fibroma Successfully Treated With Mohs Surgery.

PubMed

Gill, Pavandeep; Arlette, John; Shiau, Carolyn J; Abi Daoud, Marie S

CD34-positive plaque-like dermal fibroma (PDF) is a poorly characterised benign dermal neoplasm that has a wide differential diagnosis. It can be mistaken for other entities on superficial biopsy and be overtreated, leading to unnecessary worry and extensive surgery. To report on an uncommon presentation of this entity, the histopathologic differential diagnosis of PDF, and a novel treatment method. Clinical and histopathological information was obtained for a PDF lesion on a 75-year-old man. On superficial biopsy, the PDF lesion was misinterpreted as a possible neurothekeoma. Successful Mohs surgery and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of PDF, and the patient received appropriate tissue-sparing surgical management. This case adds to our current knowledge about PDF and highlights the importance of early recognition of these lesions to direct appropriate diagnostic testing (full-thickness biopsy) and management. This case confirms successful management with Mohs surgery.

Transforming growth factor alpha, Shope fibroma growth factor, and vaccinia growth factor can replace myxoma growth factor in the induction of myxomatosis in rabbits.

PubMed

Opgenorth, A; Nation, N; Graham, K; McFadden, G

1993-02-01

The epidermal growth factor (EGF) homologues encoded by vaccinia virus, myxoma virus, and malignant rabbit fibroma virus have been shown to contribute to the pathogenicity of virus infection upon inoculation of susceptible hosts. However, since the primary structures of these growth factors and the disease profiles induced by different poxvirus genera vary substantially, the degree to which the various EGF homologues perform similar roles in viral pathogenesis remains unclear. In order to determine whether different EGF-like growth factors can perform qualitatively similar functions in the induction of myxomatosis in rabbits, we created recombinant myxoma virus variants in which the native growth factor, myxoma growth factor (MGF), was disrupted and replaced with either vaccinia virus growth factor, Shope fibroma growth factor, or rat transforming growth factor alpha. Unlike the control virus containing an inactivated MGF gene, which caused marked attenuation of the disease syndrome and substantially less proliferation of the epithelial cell layers in the conjunctiva and respiratory tract, the recombinant myxoma virus strains expressing heterologous growth factors produced infections which were both clinically and histopathologically indistinguishable from wild-type myxomatosis. We conclude that these poxviral and cellular EGF-like growth factors, which are diverse with respect to primary structure and origin, have similar biological functions in the context of myxoma virus pathogenesis and are mitogenic for the same target cells.

The structure and material composition of ossified aortic valves identified using a set of scientific methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeman, Antonín; Šmíd, Michal; Havelcová, Martina; Coufalová, Lucie; Kučková, Štěpánka; Velčovská, Martina; Hynek, Radovan

2013-11-01

Degenerative aortic stenosis has become a common and dangerous disease in recent decades. This disease leads to the mineralization of aortic valves, their gradual thickening and loss of functionality. We studied the detailed assessment of the proportion and composition of inorganic and organic components in the ossified aortic valve, using a set of analytical methods applied in science: polarized light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The sample valves showed the occurrence of phosphorus and calcium in the form of phosphate and calcium carbonate, hydroxyapatite, fluorapatite and hydroxy-fluorapatite, with varying content of inorganic components from 65 to 90 wt%, and with phased development of degenerative disability. The outer layers of the plaque contained an organic component with peptide bonds, fatty acids, proteins and cholesterol. The results show a correlation between the formation of fluorapatite in aortic valves and in other parts of the human bodies, associated with the formation of bones.

Desmoplastic fibroma of the distal tibia: A case report of a minimally invasive histological diagnosis

PubMed Central

Levrini, Gabriele; Pattacini, Pierpaolo

2016-01-01

Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a benign, rare fibroblastic intraosseous neoplasm histologically resembling a desmoid soft tissue tumor. Although classified as benign, DF frequently exhibits an aggressive behavior, has a moderate-to-high recurrence rate, and often causes pathological fractures and extensive bone destruction. This case report presents an incidentally detected DF of the tibia, which was diagnosed using a minimally invasive approach. A 36-year-old African female patient was referred to the Department of Diagnostic Imaging of Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova-IRCCS (Reggio Emilia, Italy), to be examined by a computed tomography scan on an outpatient basis, after an x-ray examination of the tibia, which was performed after an injury to exclude the presence of a fracture, revealed a hyperlucency of unknown origin. The aim of this study was to discuss the clinical, histological, immunohistochemical and radiographic characteristics of this rare neoplasm, with a focus on image-guided bone biopsy. PMID:27882239

The role of macrophages and eosinophils in reactive lesions of the oral cavity.

PubMed

Aghbali, Amir Ala; Akbarzadeh, Ayshin; Kouhsoltani, Maryam

2018-01-01

Many studies have reported that macrophages and eosinophils are involved in the pathogenesis of several diseases. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study comparing macrophages and eosinophils in oral reactive lesions. In this study, we aimed to determine the contribution of macrophages and eosinophils to the pathogenesis of oral reactive lesions and the relationships between these biomarkers and the diverse histopathologic features. Seventy-five paraffin-embedded tissue samples were assessed in this study. Five categories (15 cases for each group), including peripheral ossifying fibroma, pyogenic granuloma, fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia, and peripheral giant-cell granuloma, were considered. Anti-CD68 immunohistochemical and hematoxylin-eosin staining was carried out. We found that macrophages, but not eosinophils, were a significant internal component of oral reactive lesions. Macrophages were observed in high densities in all studied groups and diffusely distributed or clustered throughout these lesions. The number of macrophages was increased in peripheral giant-cell granuloma compared with other groups. Our findings suggest that macrophages are involved in the pathogenesis and the variation of microscopic features of oral reactive lesions. However, further clinical studies should be conducted to identify the biological process behind macrophages and the molecular interactions of these cells, with the ultimate aim of suggesting a new potential therapeutic target for these lesions. We found that eosinophils were not involved in the fibrotic process and the variation of microscopic features in oral reactive lesions. Our results showed that peripheral giant-cell granulomas highly demonstrated histiocytic characteristics.

Extensive Ameloblastic Fibroma in an Adolescent Patient: A Case Report with a Follow-Up of 4 Years

PubMed Central

Pitak-Arnnop, Poramate; Chaine, André; Dhanuthai, Kittipong; Bertrand, Jacques-Charles; Bertolus, Chloé

2009-01-01

Ameloblastic fibroma (AF) is a rare odontogenic tumour of the jaw which usually occurs in the first 2 decades of life. The common clinical manifestation is a slow-growing swelling. We report a case of a 16-year-old male patient presenting with extensive AF of the mandible. He underwent a conservative enucleation. The tumour recurred 2 years after the initial surgery, requiring the second enucleation. The patient has continued to be followed closely and has been disease-free for 4 years. Recent evidence suggests that the recurrent rate of AF is relatively high, and malignant transformation of AF may occur after recurrences or multiple surgeries. A conservative treatment approach with close surveillance is recommended. Anatomical limitations should be taken into account, especially when enucleation of AF in the posterior portion of the jaw is performed. Current surgical pathologic issues of the tumour are also discussed. PMID:19756198

Leakage detection on CT myelography for targeted epidural blood patch in spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leaks: calcified or ossified spinal lesions ventral to the thecal sac.

PubMed

Yoshida, Hiroki; Takai, Keisuke; Taniguchi, Makoto

2014-09-01

The purpose of this study was to describe significant CT myelography findings for determination of the leak site and outcome of targeted epidural blood patch (EBP) in patients with spontaneous CSF leaks. During 2005-2013, spontaneous CSF leaks were diagnosed for 12 patients with orthostatic headaches. The patients received targeted EBP on the basis of CT myelography assessments. Computed tomography myelograms revealed ventral extradural collection of contrast medium distributed over multiple spinal levels (average 16 levels). Intraforaminal contrast medium extravasations were observed at multiple spinal levels (average 8.2 levels). For 8 (67%) of 12 patients, spinal lesions were noted around the thecal sac and included calcified discs with osteophytes, an ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, and an ossified yellow ligament; lesions were mostly located ventral to the thecal sac and were in close contact with the dura mater. The levels of these spinal lesions were considered potential leak sites and were targeted for EBP. For the remaining 4 patients who did not have definite spinal lesions around the thecal sac, leak site determination was based primarily on the contrast gradient hypothesis. The authors hypothesized that the concentration of extradural contrast medium would be the greatest and the same as that of intradural contrast medium at the leak site but that it would decrease with increased distance from the leak site according to the contrast gradient. Epidural blood patch was placed at the level of spinal lesions and/or of the greatest and same concentration of contrast medium between the intradural and extradural spaces. For 10 of the 12 patients, the orthostatic headaches decreased significantly within a week of EBP and disappeared within a month. For the remaining 2 patients, headaches persisted and medical treatment was required for several months. For 3 patients, thick chronic subdural hematomas caused severe headaches and/or disturbed

[Microsurgical transplantation of bone tumors of uncertain prognosis in athymic nude mice].

PubMed

Duprez, A; Féry, A; Sommelet, J

1986-01-01

Eight cases of human bone or soft tissue tumours were transplanted to nude mice. After such transplants to nude mice which are immunologically deficient, the malignant tumors developed like benign tumours, but maintaining malignant cytological characteristics. The transplants of normal human tissues or of benign tumours decreased in size or remained stable. The technique allowed a change of an original diagnosis of osteosarcoma to a final diagnosis of chondrosarcoma. It made it possible to diagnose a benign osteoblastoma, the diagnosis of which was doubtful before the transplant between osteosarcoma and chondroblastoma. It was possible to diagnose the malignancy of a haemangiopericytoma of muscle. Two aggressive tumours--a non-ossifying fibroma and a giant-cell tumour--were rated as benign after transplantation. This technique also allowed a more precise diagnosis of the grade of one chondrosarcoma and one osteosarcoma. Finally, transplantation also made it possible to test the efficacy of chemotherapy. In a patient so treated, the extreme cell proliferation after transplantation to the nude mouse led to a change in the drugs administered.

Radiolucent rim as a possible diagnostic aid for differentiating jaw lesions

PubMed Central

Mortazavi, Hamed; Rahmani, Somayeh; Jafari, Soudeh; Parvaei, Parvin

2015-01-01

In this study, we formulate a new proposal that complements previous classifications in order to assist dental practitioners in performing a differential diagnosis based on patients' radiographs. We used general search engines and specialized databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, PubMed Central, MedLine Plus, Science Direct, Scopus, and well-recognized textbooks to find relevant studies by using keywords such as "jaw disease," "jaw lesions," "radiolucent rim," "radiolucent border," and "radiolucent halo." More than 200 articles were found, of which 70 were broadly relevant to the topic. We ultimately included 50 articles that were closely related to the topic of interest. When the relevant data were compiled, the following eight lesions were identified as having a radiolucent rim: periapical cemento-osseous dysplasia, focal cemento-osseous dysplasia, florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, cemento-ossifying fibroma, osteoid osteoma, osteoblastoma, odontoma, and cementoblastoma. We propose a novel subcategory, jaw lesions with a radiolucent rim, which includes eight entities. The implementation of this new category can help improve the diagnoses that dental practitioners make based on patients' radiographs. PMID:26730374

Pathological fractures in children

PubMed Central

De Mattos, C. B. R.; Binitie, O.; Dormans, J. P.

2012-01-01

Pathological fractures in children can occur as a result of a variety of conditions, ranging from metabolic diseases and infection to tumours. Fractures through benign and malignant bone tumours should be recognised and managed appropriately by the treating orthopaedic surgeon. The most common benign bone tumours that cause pathological fractures in children are unicameral bone cysts, aneurysmal bone cysts, non-ossifying fibromas and fibrous dysplasia. Although pathological fractures through a primary bone malignancy are rare, these should be recognised quickly in order to achieve better outcomes. A thorough history, physical examination and review of plain radiographs are crucial to determine the cause and guide treatment. In most benign cases the fracture will heal and the lesion can be addressed at the time of the fracture, or after the fracture is healed. A step-wise and multidisciplinary approach is necessary in caring for paediatric patients with malignancies. Pathological fractures do not have to be treated by amputation; these fractures can heal and limb salvage can be performed when indicated. PMID:23610658

Large mandibular central odontogenic fibroma documented over 20 years: A case report.

PubMed

Bandura, Patrick; Sutter, Walter; Meier, Marius; Berger, Sebastian; Turhani, Dritan

2017-01-01

Central odontogenic fibroma (COF) is a rare, benign, slow-growing intraosseous odontogenic tumor, and accounts for 0.1% of all odontogenic tumors. It is often confused with other entities, such as keratocysts, ameloblastomas, and odontogenic myxomas. Complete enucleation followed by curettage is the treatment of choice for COF to ensure the lowest possible chance of recurrence. We report the case of a young Caucasian woman with COF that went undiagnosed for several years despite repeated radiologic examinations. Finally, a massive tumor was surgically removed and the wound was curetted. The specimen was histologically confirmed to be a COF. The patient remains under regular follow-up, and thus far there have been no clinical or radiologic signs of recurrence. This rare case of COF, which was documented over a period of 20 years, has helped us to describe the features of this tumor. It also confirms that adequate surgical treatment can lead to impressive bone regeneration in healthy individuals, as evident from the radiologic findings acquired before, during, and after enucleation of the COF in our patient. Our findings also confirm the view that COF has a favorable prognosis regardless of its final size. Early diagnosis is key to successful treatment of COF. The slow but steady increase in the size of a COF with no accompanying symptoms has not been reported previously. To our knowledge, this is the only documented case of a COF that has been under continuous radiologic observation for over 20 years.

Report of Two Cases of Combined Odontogenic Tumors: Ameloblastoma with Odontogenic Keratocyst and Ameloblastic Fibroma with Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst.

PubMed

Neuman, Ashley Nicole; Montague, Lindsay; Cohen, Donald; Islam, Nadim; Bhattacharyya, Indraneel

2015-09-01

Combined odontogenic neoplasms have rarely been documented. Such tumors have also been described by other researchers as "hybrid" lesions. The histologic features are often identical to other individually well-established odontogenic neoplasms such as ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma (AF), and ameloblastic fibro-odontoma. Their clinical presentation is variable, ranging from cysts to neoplasms showing varying degrees of aggressive behavior. Most combined tumors contain features of one of the odontogenic tumors in combination with either a calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) or a calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor. We present two new cases of combined odontogenic tumors: an ameloblastoma with an odontogenic keratocyst and an AF with COC. Predicting clinical outcome is challenging when a combination tumor is encountered due to the paucity of such lesions. One must understand salient features of these entities and differentiate them from the more common conventional neoplasms to expand classification and provide prognostic criteria.

Locally infiltrative ameloblastic fibroma in a rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) with characterizations of its proliferating activity and biological behavior

PubMed Central

Liu, David X.; Doyle, Lara A.; Bouljihad, Mostafa T.; Didier, Peter J.; Gilbert, Margaret H.; Wang, Xiaolei; Pahar, Bapi; Bohm, Rudolf P.; Veazey, Ronald S.; Lackner, Andrew A.

2014-01-01

An 8-year-old male rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) presented with unilateral enlargement of the left mandible. Radiographs revealed a marked expansion of the left mandible with a multilocular radiolucent mass with abundant osteolysis. The mass was grossly firm, fleshy, and gelatinous on the cut surface. Histologically, the mass was locally infiltrative and composed of neoplastic epithelial and mesenchymal components that stained positive for cytokeratin and vimentin, respectively. Occasional densely spherical condensations of fibroblasts resembling the cap stage of odontogenesis were present in the mesenchyma. Immunohistochemical staining with Ki-67, S-100, and CD34 indicated that both epithelial and mesenchymal components of the neoplasm had low proliferation. Alcian blue, periodic acid–Schiff, and trichrome stains showed an immature stromal component with no collagen formation. Based on the clinical, histologic, and immunophenotypic features, the tumor was identified as a locally infiltrative ameloblastic fibroma. PMID:22529141

Intra-articular Fibroma of Tendon Sheath in Knee Joint Associated with Iliotibial Band Friction Syndrome: Rare Occurrence in a Teenage Girl

PubMed Central

Rathore, Sameer; Quadri, Vasil; Tapadia, Sanjay; Krishnaiah, K; Krishna, V P Nithin

2017-01-01

Introduction: Iliotibial band (ITB) friction syndrome is a common overuse injury typically seen in active athlete population. A nodular lesion on the inner side of the ITB as an etiology or an accompanying lesion with friction syndrome has rarely been reported. Among such nodular lesions around knee, fibroma of tendon sheath (FTS) is a rare occurrence. All the more intra-articular occurrence is extremely rare. Case Report: A 16-year-old female presented with recurrent pain and movable nodule at the lateral joint area, diagnosed as ITB friction syndrome. The nodule was confirmed as rare intra-articular FTS on the basis of histopathology findings. Conclusion: When nodular lesions around knee are detected on magnetic resonance imaging, a FTS could be included in the differential diagnosis. Etiology and pathogenesis of ITB friction syndrome should be revised in view of such rare presentations. PMID:28630835

Analysis of gingival biopsies in the Gujarati population: a retrospective study.

PubMed

Manjunatha, Bhari Sharanesha; Sutariya, Rakesh; Nagamahita, V; Dholia, Bhavik; Shah, Vandana

2014-01-01

Biopsy is an important diagnostic tool used in the diagnosis of lesions ranging from simple non-neoplastic, tumor-like lesions to malignancies, and is often the only way to diagnose oral lesions and diseases. The gingiva is the most common site for some kind of irritation or low-grade injury, resulting in localized overgrowths that are considered to be reactive and non-neoplastic lesions. This aim of this study is to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in the Gujarati population. In this retrospective study, gingival biopsies submitted for a period of five years were included. Microscopic slides of all the cases were reviewed by two observers for confirmation of the diagnosis. Among the 106 cases of gingival biopsies, the most frequent category of lesions encountered was the non-neoplastic category, which accounted for 73.58% of the cases. Both benign and malignant neoplasms constituted 26.42% of the cases. Among the non-neoplastic lesions, Pyogenic granuloma was the most frequent lesion (38.46%), followed by fibrous hyperplasia (20.51%), inflammatory hyperplasia (19.23%), and Epulis (8.97%). Neoplasms accounted for 26.42% of the gingival biopsies (92.85% benign and 7.15% malignant). Among the benign neoplastic lesions, Fibroma (30.76%) and Fibrolipoma (26.92%) were the most frequent, followed by peripheral ossifying fibroma (23.08%) and peripheral giant cell granuloma (11%). It is difficult to compare studies carried out in various countries due to differences in people's attitudes toward oral health and the accessibility of various population groups to biopsy services. Nevertheless, this study has provided some information about the frequency and distribution of biopsied gingival lesions in the Gujarati population over a period of five years.

Desmoplastic fibroma of the rib with cystic change: a case report and literature review.

PubMed

Okubo, Taketo; Saito, Tsuyoshi; Takagi, Tatsuya; Suehara, Yoshiyuki; Kaneko, Kazuo

2014-05-01

Desmoplastic fibroma (DF) is a rare, locally aggressive, solitary tumor microscopically composed of well-differentiated myofibroblasts with abundant dense collagen deposition. The most common sites are the long tubular bones and mandible. To our knowledge, only five cases of DF in the ribs have been reported. Here, we report a case of DF in this rare location with unusual radiological findings. A 40-year-old man presented with a 4-year history of swelling of the right chest wall. Radiographs revealed a mass at the right 9th rib, and computed tomography demonstrated a mass of 14 × 12 × 8 cm at the right 9th rib with expanded cystic change and marked calcification that appeared to have arisen from the bone. Open biopsy suggested DF. Total excision was performed, and the chest wall was reconstructed. The surgical specimen was a yellowish tumor with multilocular cystic change containing a viscous liquid. The tumor was composed of a proliferation of less-atypical spindle-shaped cells in a collagenous background. The cystic change was observed in the extra-osseous lesion. No β-catenin cytoplasmic/nuclear accumulation was detected, and no β-catenin or GNAS genetic mutations were detected. A final diagnosis of DF was made on the basis of the pathological and radiological findings. The patient was successfully treated with total excision of the tumor with no evidence of recurrence 6 months after surgery.

Central odontogenic fibroma: new findings and report of a multicentric collaborative study.

PubMed

Mosqueda-Taylor, Adalberto; Martínez-Mata, Guillermo; Carlos-Bregni, Roman; Vargas, Pablo Agustin; Toral-Rizo, Victor; Cano-Valdéz, Ana María; Palma-Guzmán, José Mario; Carrasco-Daza, Daniel; Luna-Ortiz, Kuauhyama; Ledesma-Montes, Constantino; de Almeida, Oslei Paes

2011-09-01

The aim of this study was to describe the clinicopathologic and immunohistochemical characteristics of 14 cases of central odontogenic fibroma (COF), and the ultrastructural features of 2 of them. Collaborative retrospective study based on the records of 4 oral pathology diagnostic services in Latin America based on the current World Health Organization classification. There were 7 male and 7 female patients (mean age 31.8 years). Eight tumors occurred in the maxilla and 6 in the mandible. Thirteen cases were epithelium-rich and 1 epithelium-poor COF. Three were classified as hybrid COF with giant cell lesion. Mean size of the hybrid lesions were larger than pure COF (3.8 vs. 2.4 cm). Odontogenic epithelial islands were immunoreactive for cytokeratin (CK) AE1/AE3, CK5, CK14, CK19, and 34BE12 and negative for CK1 and CK18. Langerhans cells positive for S-100 and CD1a were found within the epithelial islands in 6/6 tested cases. CD68 was expressed in the giant cells of the hybrid lesions and in a few mononuclear cells of 2 cases of COF. Ki-67 index was <1% in all cases. In 6 tumors (42.8%), there were small globular eosinophilic droplets within the epithelial islands, which were positive for collagen type IV, and 9/13 cases (69.2%) were focally positive for smooth muscle actin. In addition to fibroblasts, myofibroblastic differentiation was found in the 2 cases studied ultrastructurally. Immunohistochemistry was useful to confirm the presence of epithelium and to exclude other central fibrous tumors. COF also contains a variable number of mast cells, Langerhans cells, and myofibroblasts, and further studies are needed to better understand the participation of these cells in COF histogenesis. Copyright © 2011 Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Genetic Architecture of the Variation in Male-Specific Ossified Processes on the Anal Fins of Japanese Medaka.

PubMed

Kawajiri, Maiko; Fujimoto, Shingo; Yoshida, Kohta; Yamahira, Kazunori; Kitano, Jun

2015-10-28

Traits involved in reproduction evolve rapidly and show great diversity among closely related species. However, the genetic mechanisms that underlie the diversification of courtship traits are mostly unknown. Japanese medaka fishes (Oryzias latipes) use anal fins to attract females and to grasp females during courtship; the males have longer anal fins with male-specific ossified papillary processes on the fin rays. However, anal fin morphology varies between populations: the southern populations tend to have longer anal fins and more processes than the northern populations. In the present study, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to investigate the genetic architecture underlying the variation in the number of papillary processes of Japanese medaka fish and compared the QTL with previously identified QTL controlling anal fin length. First, we found that only a few QTL were shared between anal fin length and papillary process number. Second, we found that the numbers of papillary processes on different fin rays often were controlled by different QTL. Finally, we produced another independent cross and found that some QTL were repeatable between the two crosses, whereas others were specific to only one cross. These results suggest that variation in the number of papillary processes is polygenic and controlled by QTL that are distinct from those controlling anal fin length. Thus, different courtship traits in Japanese medaka share a small number of QTL and have the potential for independent evolution. Copyright © 2015 Kawajiri et al.

Peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour of the maxillary gingiva.

PubMed

de Lima, Ana Paula; Kitakawa, Dárcio; Almeida, Janete Dias; Brandão, Adriana Aigotti Haberbeck; Anbinder, Ana Lia

2012-08-23

Odontogenic tumors are lesions that are derived from remnants of the components of the developing tooth germ. The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor or calcifying odontogenic cyst is a benign cystic neoplasm of odontogenic origin that is characterized by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells. Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor may be centrally or peripherally located, and its ghost cells may exhibit calcification, as first described by Gorlin in 1962. Most peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors are located in the anterior gingiva of the mandible or maxilla. Authors report a rare case of a peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor of the maxillary gingiva. A 39-year-old male patient presented with a fibrous mass on the attached buccal gingiva of the upper left cuspid teeth. It was 0.7-cm-diameter, painless and it was clinically diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma. After an excisional biopsy, the diagnosis was peripheric calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor. The patient was monitored for five years following the excision, and no recurrence was detected. All biopsy material must be sent for histological examination. If the histological examination of gingival lesions with innocuous appearance is not performed, the frequency of peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor and other peripheral odontogenic tumors may be underestimated.

Peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour of the maxillary gingiva

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Odontogenic tumors are lesions that are derived from remnants of the components of the developing tooth germ. The calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor or calcifying odontogenic cyst is a benign cystic neoplasm of odontogenic origin that is characterized by an ameloblastoma-like epithelium and ghost cells. Calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor may be centrally or peripherally located, and its ghost cells may exhibit calcification, as first described by Gorlin in 1962. Most peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumors are located in the anterior gingiva of the mandible or maxilla. Case presentation Authors report a rare case of a peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor of the maxillary gingiva. A 39-year-old male patient presented with a fibrous mass on the attached buccal gingiva of the upper left cuspid teeth. It was 0.7-cm-diameter, painless and it was clinically diagnosed as a peripheral ossifying fibroma. After an excisional biopsy, the diagnosis was peripheric calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor. The patient was monitored for five years following the excision, and no recurrence was detected. Conclusions All biopsy material must be sent for histological examination. If the histological examination of gingival lesions with innocuous appearance is not performed, the frequency of peripheral calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor and other peripheral odontogenic tumors may be underestimated. PMID:22917449

Role of apparent diffusion coefficients with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging in differentiating between benign and malignant bone tumors.

PubMed

Wang, Tingting; Wu, Xiangru; Cui, Yanfen; Chu, Caiting; Ren, Gang; Li, Wenhua

2014-11-29

Benign and malignant bone tumors can present similar imaging features. This study aims to evaluate the significance of apparent diffusion coefficients (ADC) in differentiating between benign and malignant bone tumors. A total of 187 patients with 198 bone masses underwent diffusion-weighted (DW) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging. The ADC values in the solid components of the bone masses were assessed. Statistical differences between the mean ADC values in the different tumor types were determined by Student's t-test. Histological analysis showed that 84/198 (42.4%) of the bone masses were benign and 114/198 (57.6%) were malignant. There was a significant difference between the mean ADC values in the benign and malignant bone lesions (P<0.05). However, no significant difference was found in the mean ADC value between non-ossifying fibromas, osteofibrous dysplasia, and malignant bone tumors. When an ADC cutoff value≥1.10×10(-3) mm2/s was applied, malignant bone lesions were excluded with a sensitivity of 89.7%, a specificity of 84.5%, a positive predictive value of 82.6%, and a negative predictive value of 95.3%. The combination of DW imaging with ADC quantification and T2-weighted signal characteristics of the solid components in lesions can facilitate differentiation between benign and malignant bone tumors.

Fibroma induction in rat skin following single or multiple doses of 1.0 GeV/nucleon 56Fe ions from the Brookhaven Alternating Gradient Synchrotron (AGS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Burns, F. J.; Zhao, P.; Xu, G.; Roy, N.; Loomis, C.

2001-01-01

Rat skin was exposed to the plateau region of the 1.0 GeV/nucleon 56Fe beam at the Brookhaven AGS. Rats were irradiated or not with single of split doses of 56Fe or argon; some 56Fe-exposed rats were fed 250 ppm retinyl acetate continuously in the lab chow beginning 1 week before irradiation. All lesions were noted, photographed and identified for eventual histological diagnosis. The preponderance of the tumors so far are fibromas. The data show that single doses of 56Fe ions are 2 or 3 fold more effective than argon in producing tumors at 4.5 Gy but are about equally effective at 3.0 Gy and 9.0 Gy. The presence of 250 ppm retinyl acetate in the lab chow reduced the incidence of tumors by about 50-60% in comparison to groups exposed only to the radiation. These are preliminary findings based on only about one-fourth the eventual number of tumors expected.

Osteological Development of the Larvae and Juvenile of Bullhead torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus

PubMed Central

Seo, Won-Il; Park, Jae-Min; Lee, Sung-Hun; Yoon, Seong Min; Hwang, Seon-Yeong; Han, Kyeong-Ho

2018-01-01

ABSTRACT This study was conducted to investigate the skeletal development of bullhead torrent catfish, Liobagrus obesus larvae and to utilize them as basic data for the taxonomic study of Liobagrus larvae. Skeletal development was observed by being divided into cranium, visceral skeleton, shoulder girdle bone, pelvic girdle bone and vertebra. On the first day after hatching, the pre-larvae had an average total length of 7.92 mm, and a line-shaped parasphenoid ossified in the cranium. In the jaw bone, the dentary supporting the lower jaw and the maxillary supporting the upper jaw were ossified. In the anterior abdominal vertebrae of the vertebra, seven centrums began to ossify and five neural spines ossified simultaneously. On the 3 day after hatching, pre-larvae had an average total length of 8.95 mm, and the prefrontal ossified in cranium. The number of abdominal vertebrae was increased to 14, and three parapophysis developed from the front side. On the 24th day after hatching, post-larvae had an average total length of 15.2 mm and the epural bone ossified in coccyx. The parhypural bone was ossified, and ossification of coccyx and pelvic girdle bone was completed. On the 30th day after hatching, the average total length of the juvenile was 17.8 mm, and the ossification of cranium and visceral skeleton was all completed while the preorbital and three suborbitals were ossified in the orbital region of the cranium. PMID:29707680

Immunohistochemical expression of mast cell tryptase in giant cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa.

PubMed

Santos, Pedro Paulo de Andrade; Nonaka, Cassiano Francisco Weege; Pinto, Leão Pereira; de Souza, Lélia Batista

2011-03-01

This study analysed the immunohistochemical expression of mast cell tryptase in giant cell fibromas (GCFs). In addition, the possible interaction of mast cells with stellate giant cells, as well as their role in fibrosis and tumour progression, was investigated. For this purpose, the results were compared with cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) and normal oral mucosa. Thirty cases of GCF, 30 cases of IFH and 10 normal mucosa specimens used as control were selected. Immunoreactivity of mast cells to the anti-tryptase antibody was analysed quantitatively in the lining epithelium and in connective tissue. In the epithelial component (p=0.250) and connective tissue (p=0.001), the largest mean number of mast cells was observed in IFHs and the smallest mean number in GCFs. In connective tissue, the mean percentage of degranulated mast cells was higher in GCFs than in IFHs and normal mucosa specimens (p<0.001). Analysis of the percentage of degranulated mast cells in areas of fibrosis and at the periphery of blood vessels also showed a larger mean number in GCFs compared to IFHs and normal mucosa specimens (p<0.001). The percent interaction between mast cells and stellate giant cells in GCFs was 59.62%. In conclusion, although mast cells were less numerous in GCFs, the cells exhibited a significant interaction with stellate giant cells present in these tumours. In addition, the results suggest the involvement of mast cells in the induction of fibrosis and modulation of endothelial cell function in GCFs. Crown Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Meigs Syndrome Superimposed on Gorlin Syndrome in a 14-Year-Old Girl.

PubMed

Iwasaki, Keita; Matsushita, Hiroshi; Murakami, Hideki; Watanabe, Kazushi; Wakatsuki, Akihiko

2016-10-01

Meigs syndrome is a rare complication associated with ovarian fibromas. Although ovarian fibromas are rare in children, they are common in women with Gorlin syndrome after puberty. A 14-year-old girl with Gorlin syndrome was admitted to our hospital for ablation of basal cell carcinoma. A chest x-ray revealed pleural effusion. Ultrasonography revealed bilateral multinodular ovarian masses. Meigs syndrome associated with ovarian fibromas was considered. A laparotomy revealed bilateral ovarian masses, which were resected. Microscopically, the masses were composed of mitotically active fibroma and areas resembling hemangiopericytoma and luteinized thecoma. The pleural effusion disappeared soon after the surgery. Physicians should consider the possibility that pleural effusion might precede the diagnosis of ovarian fibroma in patients with Gorlin syndrome. Copyright © 2016 North American Society for Pediatric and Adolescent Gynecology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of current population indices for band-tailed pigeons

USGS Publications Warehouse

Casazza, Michael L.; Yee, J.L.; Miller, M.R.; Orthmeyer, D.L.; Yparraguirre, D.R.; Jarvis, R.L.; Overton, C.T.

2005-01-01

Between March, 1947, and December,1953, 359 cottontails were examined for evidence of fibromas at the Patuxent Research Refuge, Laurel, Md. No tumors were observed on the rabbits until December, 1950, when 3 of 16 shot animals had fibromas. Twelve rabbits of 70 examined in 1951, had tumors, and no tumors were found on 37 examined in 1952 and 29 examined in 1953. Neutralization tests, using Shope (OA) fibroma virus, were positive on sera from 6 of 36 rabbits trapped between July and December, 1951; one of two rabbits tested in 1952 showed evidence of antibodies; and 2 of 9 tested in 1953 were positive. Neither fibromas nor circulating antibodies were found in 70 cottontails trapped in January and February, 1953, in Rockville, Maryland and over 30 cottontails obtained from dealers in Kansas and Arkansas. No lesions developed on several species of mammals inoculated with a strain of the fibroma virus isolated from a wild cottontail captured on the Refuge. These findings were interpreted as indication of occurrence of an epizootic during the period December, 1950 through December, 1951. Although the local cottontail population showed a marked drop following this epizootic, available data were insufficient to determine whether or not fibroma virus was a contributing factor.

A necropsy and histomorphometric study of abnormalities in the course of the vertebral artery associated with ossified stylohyoid ligaments.

PubMed Central

Johnson, C P; Scraggs, M; How, T; Burns, J

1995-01-01

AIMS--To establish whether abnormalities in the course of the vertebral artery occur and whether they are relevant to arterial injury associated with head and neck movements. METHODS--Twenty vertebral arteries were carefully dissected at necropsy and abnormalities in course were noted, along with any other bony or cartilaginous cervical anomalies. The effect of head and neck movement on these vessels was studied before a detailed histomorphometric examination was undertaken on sections of the excised arteries. RESULTS--Five vessels had an abnormal course. One vessel entered the transverse foramina of the fifth cervical vertebra rather than the sixth, but was otherwise normal. In two subjects both vertebral arteries were abnormal in the upper cervical portion with, in each case, a straight left vertebral artery and a right vertebral artery with a deficient loop, closely applied to the atlanto-axial joint. Both of these subjects also had completely ossified stylohyoid ligaments and the arteries visibly stretched with modest head and neck movements. Histology revealed variable degrees of smooth muscle disarray in the tunica media of two of the arteries with loop deficiencies. The circumference of one of the straight arteries was smaller than expected but in all other measured histomorphometric parameters these vessels appeared normal. CONCLUSIONS--Vertebral artery loops are deficient in a number of subjects. This finding is important given the recently described biomechanical susceptibility of the vertebral artery to longitudinal extension and may explain the smooth muscle changes, in that this may represent attempts at arterial wall remodelling. Subjects with such loop deficiencies may be more susceptible to a variety of head and neck insults and such abnormalities should be sought at necropsy in subjects who die as a result of fatal vertebral artery injury. Images PMID:7560170

Osteopontin expression and clinicopathologic correlation of oral hyperplastic reactive lesions: An institutional 6-year retrospective study.

PubMed

Narwal, Anjali; Bala, Shashi

2017-01-01

Reactive proliferations of oral cavity comprise pyogenic granuloma (PG), fibrous hyperplasia (FH), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant-cell granuloma (PGCG). They often pose diagnostic challenges due to their overlapping clinical and histopathological features. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and clinicopathological correlation of reactive hyperplastic lesions in the oral cavity reported in our institute and compared it with other previous studies. Further evaluation of osteopontin (OPN) expression in normal gingival tissue and different types of focal reactive lesions was also done. Data of all reactive hyperplasias were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed for age, gender, clinical presentation, and site of location. Presence and distribution of OPN were assessed using immunohistochemistry in these reactive lesions. Two hundred and forty-eight reactive lesions were comprised of FH (38%), PG (23%), POF (13%), and PGCG (7%). FH was more common in males (55%) whereas other reactive lesions were more in females (68%-73%). The most frequently involved site was gingiva (59%), and most common clinical presentation was sessile growth on gingiva. OPN expression was minimal in normal gingiva. Few cases of FH, PG, and all cases of POF showed positivity for OPN in inflammatory cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and in calcifications. Reactive hyperplastic lesions of oral cavity are mucosal responses to chronic low-grade irritation caused by plaque, calculus, and any other irritant. It is helpful to know their frequency and presentation as their early identification enables accurate patient evaluation and management.

[Experience of Fusion image guided system in endonasal endoscopic surgery].

PubMed

Wen, Jingying; Zhen, Hongtao; Shi, Lili; Cao, Pingping; Cui, Yonghua

2015-08-01

To review endonasal endoscopic surgeries aided by Fusion image guided system, and to explore the application value of Fusion image guided system in endonasal endoscopic surgeries. Retrospective research. Sixty cases of endonasal endoscopic surgeries aided by Fusion image guided system were analysed including chronic rhinosinusitis with polyp (n = 10), fungus sinusitis (n = 5), endoscopic optic nerve decompression (n = 16), inverted papilloma of the paranasal sinus (n = 9), ossifying fibroma of sphenoid bone (n = 1), malignance of the paranasal sinus (n = 9), cerebrospinal fluid leak (n = 5), hemangioma of orbital apex (n = 2) and orbital reconstruction (n = 3). Sixty cases of endonasal endoscopic surgeries completed successfully without any complications. Fusion image guided system can help to identify the ostium of paranasal sinus, lamina papyracea and skull base. Fused CT-CTA images, or fused MR-MRA images can help to localize the optic nerve or internal carotid arteiy . Fused CT-MR images can help to detect the range of the tumor. It spent (7.13 ± 1.358) minutes for image guided system to do preoperative preparation and the surgical navigation accuracy reached less than 1mm after proficient. There was no device localization problem because of block or head set loosed. Fusion image guided system make endonasal endoscopic surgery to be a true microinvasive and exact surgery. It spends less preoperative preparation time, has high surgical navigation accuracy, improves the surgical safety and reduces the surgical complications.

Bulimia nerviosa

MedlinePlus

... SOP) Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) Fibromas uterinos Candidiasis vaginal Todos los temas de salud de la A ... SOP) Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) Fibromas uterinos Candidiasis vaginal Todos los temas de salud de la A ...

Expanding the Molecular Signature of Ossifying Fibromyxoid Tumors with 2 Novel Gene Fusions: CREBBP-BCORL1 and KDM2A-WWTR1

PubMed Central

Kao, Yu-Chien; Sung, Yun-Shao; Zhang, Lei; Chen, Chun-Liang; Huang, Shih-Chiang; Antonescu, Cristina R.

2017-01-01

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation and intermediate malignant potential. Recurrent gene fusions involving either PHF1 or BCOR have been found in 85% of OFMT, including typical and malignant examples. As a subset of OFMT still lack known genetic abnormalities, we identified two OFMTs negative for PHF1 and BCOR rearrangements, which were subjected to transcriptome analysis for fusion discovery. The RNA sequencing found a novel CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion candidate in an axillary mass of a 51 year-old male and a KDM2A-WWTR1 in a thigh mass of a 36 year-old male. The gene fusions were validated by RT-PCR and FISH in the index cases and then screened by FISH on 4 additional OFMTs lacking known fusions. An identical CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion was found in an elbow tumor from a 30 year-old male. Both OFMTs with CREBBP-BCORL1 fusions had areas of typical OFMT morphology, exhibiting uniform round to epithelioid cells arranged in cords or nesting pattern in a fibromyxoid stroma. The OFMT with KDM2A-WWTR1 fusion involved dermis and superficial subcutis, being composed of ovoid cells in a fibromyxoid background with hyalinized giant rosettes. The S100 immunoreactivity ranged from very focal to absent. Similar to other known fusion genes in OFMT, BCORL1, CREBBP and KDM2A are also involved in histone modification. In summary, we expand the spectrum of molecular abnormalities in OFMT with 2 novel fusions, CREBBP-BCORL1 and KDM2A-WWTR1, further implicating the epigenetic deregulation as the leading pathogenetic mechanism in OFMT. PMID:27537276

Bulimia nerviosa

MedlinePlus

... Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) Infertilidad Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) Fibromas ... Virus del papiloma humano (VPH) Infertilidad Síndrome de ovario poliquístico (SOP) Infecciones de transmisión sexual (ITS) Fibromas ...

Bone marrow blood vessel ossification and "microvascular dead space" in rat and human long bone.

PubMed

Prisby, Rhonda D

2014-07-01

Severe calcification of the bone microvascular network was observed in rats, whereby the bone marrow blood vessels appeared ossified. This study sought to characterize the magnitude of ossification in relation to patent blood vessels and adipocyte content in femoral diaphyses. Additionally, this study confirmed the presence of ossified vessels in patients with arteriosclerotic vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease and cellulitis. Young (4-6 month; n=8) and old (22-24 month; n=8) male Fischer-344 rats were perfused with barium sulfate to visualize patent bone marrow blood vessels. Femoral shafts were processed for bone histomorphometry to quantify ossified (Goldner's Trichrome) and calcified (Alizarin Red) vessels. Adipocyte content was also determined. Additional femora (n=5/age group) were scanned via μCT to quantify microvascular ossification. Bone marrow blood vessels from the rats and the human patients were also isolated and examined via microscopy. Ossified vessels (rats and humans) had osteocyte lacunae on the vessel surfaces and "normal" vessels were transitioning into bone. The volume of ossified vessels was 4800% higher (p<0.05) in the old vs. young rats. Calcified and ossified vessel volumes per tissue volume and calcified vessel volume per patent vessel volume were augmented (p<0.05) 262%, 375% and 263%, respectively, in the old vs. young rats. Ossified and patent vessel number was higher (171%) and lower (40%), respectively, in the old vs. young rats. Finally, adipocyte volume per patent vessel volume was higher (86%) with age. This study is the first to report ossification of bone marrow blood vessels in rats and humans. Ossification presumably results in "microvascular dead space" in regard to loss of patency and vasomotor function as opposed to necrosis. Progression of bone microvascular ossification may provide the common link associated with age-related changes in bone and bone marrow. The clinical implications may be evident in the

Bone Marrow Blood Vessel Ossification and “Microvascular Dead Space” in Rat and Human Long Bone

PubMed Central

Prisby, Rhonda D.

2014-01-01

Severe calcification of the bone microvascular network was observed in rats, whereby the bone marrow blood vessels appeared ossified. This study sought to characterize the magnitude of ossification in relation to patent blood vessels and adipocyte content in femoral diaphyses. Additionally, this study confirmed the presence of ossified vessels in patients with arteriosclerotic vascular disease and peripheral vascular disease and cellulitis. Young (4–6 mon; n=8) and old (22–24 mon; n=8) male Fischer-344 rats were perfused with barium sulfate to visualize patent bone marrow blood vessels. Femoral shafts were processed for bone histomorphometry to quantify ossified (Goldner’s Trichrome) and calcified (Alizarin Red) vessels. Adipocyte content was also determined. Additional femora (n=5/age group) were scanned via µCT to quantify microvascular ossification. Bone marrow blood vessels from rats and the human patients were also isolated and examined via microscopy. Ossified vessels (rats and humans) had osteocyte lacunae on the vessel surfaces and “normal” vessels were transitioning into bone. The volume of ossified vessels was 4800% higher (p <0.05) in old vs. young rats. Calcified and ossified vessel volumes per tissue volume and calcified vessel volume per patent vessel volume were augmented (p <0.05) 262%, 375% and 263%, respectively, in old vs. young rats. Ossified and patent vessel number was higher (171%) and lower (40%), respectively, in old vs. young rats. Finally, adipocyte volume per patent vessel volume was higher (86%) with age. This study is the first to report ossification of bone marrow blood vessels in rats and humans. Ossification presumably results in “microvascular dead space” in regards to loss of patency and vasomotor function as opposed to necrosis. The progression of bone microvascular ossification may provide the common link associated with age-related changes in bone and bone marrow. The clinical implications may be evident in the

Ovarian preservation in a young patient with Gorlin syndrome and multiple bilateral ovarian masses.

PubMed

Morse, Christopher B; McLaren, Janet F; Roy, Darshan; Siegelman, Evan S; Livolsi, Virginia A; Gracia, Clarisa R

2011-07-01

To report a case of bilateral ovarian fibromas and ovarian leiomyomas in a young patient with Gorlin syndrome and to highlight issues of fertility preservation, ovarian conservation, and preimplantation genetic diagnosis in this population. Case report. University hospital. A 15-year-old female patient with Gorlin syndrome and bilateral ovarian masses. Ultrasound, magnetic resonance imaging, hormone analysis, and laparotomy with resection of ovarian fibromas. Preservation of ovarian function, pathologic diagnosis. Our patient represented an adolescent case of bilateral ovarian fibromas and leiomyomas in Gorlin syndrome presenting with menstrual irregularities. She was managed surgically with resection of the lesions and conservation of normal ovarian tissue. In Gorlin syndrome, ovarian fibromas are a common clinical manifestation. Patients with ovarian involvement may present with complex gynecologic needs and may have decreased fertility potential. Careful surgical management, follow-up, and counseling on options for future fertility should be offered to all patients. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Expanding the molecular signature of ossifying fibromyxoid tumors with two novel gene fusions: CREBBP-BCORL1 and KDM2A-WWTR1.

PubMed

Kao, Yu-Chien; Sung, Yun-Shao; Zhang, Lei; Chen, Chun-Liang; Huang, Shih-Chiang; Antonescu, Cristina R

2017-01-01

Ossifying fibromyxoid tumor (OFMT) is an uncommon mesenchymal neoplasm of uncertain differentiation and intermediate malignant potential. Recurrent gene fusions involving either PHF1 or BCOR have been found in 85% of OFMT, including typical and malignant examples. As a subset of OFMT still lack known genetic abnormalities, we identified two OFMTs negative for PHF1 and BCOR rearrangements, which were subjected to transcriptome analysis for fusion discovery. The RNA sequencing found a novel CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion candidate in an axillary mass of a 51 year-old male and a KDM2A-WWTR1 in a thigh mass of a 36 year-old male. The gene fusions were validated by RT-PCR and FISH in the index cases and then screened by FISH on 4 additional OFMTs lacking known fusions. An identical CREBBP-BCORL1 fusion was found in an elbow tumor from a 30 year-old male. Both OFMTs with CREBBP-BCORL1 fusions had areas of typical OFMT morphology, exhibiting uniform round to epithelioid cells arranged in cords or nesting pattern in a fibromyxoid stroma. The OFMT with KDM2A-WWTR1 fusion involved dermis and superficial subcutis, being composed of ovoid cells in a fibromyxoid background with hyalinized giant rosettes. The S100 immunoreactivity ranged from very focal to absent. Similar to other known fusion genes in OFMT, BCORL1, CREBBP and KDM2A are also involved in histone modification. In summary, we expand the spectrum of molecular abnormalities in OFMT with 2 novel fusions, CREBBP-BCORL1 and KDM2A-WWTR1, further implicating the epigenetic deregulation as the leading pathogenetic mechanism in OFMT. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Reactive lesions of oral cavity: A retrospective study of 659 cases.

PubMed

Babu, Biji; Hallikeri, Kaveri

2017-01-01

This study reviews, analyzes, and compares the demographic data, histopathological features and discusses the treatment and prognosis of reactive lesions (RLs). Retrospective study was performed on the departmental archives from July 2006 to July 2016 (total 5000 cases) comprising of 659 cases of RLs of the oral cavity. The recorded data included age, gender, size, site, duration, habits, etiology, histopathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. The most common lesion was found to be inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (47%) followed by pyogenic granuloma (PG) (27.16%) and the least cases were of peripheral giant cell granuloma (1.6%). The mean age for the occurrence was 4th-5th decade in all the RL's exceptperipheral ossifying fibroma (POF) which presented in the third decade. Female predominance was noted in all lesions except irritational FIB. The sizes of majority of the lesions were approximately 0.5-1 cm. The common sites were anterior maxilla followed by posterior mandible and least in tongue with no associated habits (82.2%). The duration of all the lesions was seen to be <1 year. Majority of them presented with poor oral hygiene status (87.2%). Recurrences were present in 13.5% of surgically excised lesions. The RLs present commonly in oral cavity secondary to injury and local factors which can mimic benign to rarely malignant lesions. The clinical and histopathological examination helps to categorize the type of lesions. The complete removal of local irritants with follow-up and maintenance of oral hygiene helps to prevent the recurrences of such lesions.

Osteopontin expression and clinicopathologic correlation of oral hyperplastic reactive lesions: An institutional 6-year retrospective study

PubMed Central

Narwal, Anjali; Bala, Shashi

2017-01-01

Background and Objective: Reactive proliferations of oral cavity comprise pyogenic granuloma (PG), fibrous hyperplasia (FH), peripheral ossifying fibroma (POF), and peripheral giant-cell granuloma (PGCG). They often pose diagnostic challenges due to their overlapping clinical and histopathological features. This study was conducted to determine the frequency and clinicopathological correlation of reactive hyperplastic lesions in the oral cavity reported in our institute and compared it with other previous studies. Further evaluation of osteopontin (OPN) expression in normal gingival tissue and different types of focal reactive lesions was also done. Materials and Methods: Data of all reactive hyperplasias were retrieved, reviewed, and analyzed for age, gender, clinical presentation, and site of location. Presence and distribution of OPN were assessed using immunohistochemistry in these reactive lesions. Results: Two hundred and forty-eight reactive lesions were comprised of FH (38%), PG (23%), POF (13%), and PGCG (7%). FH was more common in males (55%) whereas other reactive lesions were more in females (68%–73%). The most frequently involved site was gingiva (59%), and most common clinical presentation was sessile growth on gingiva. OPN expression was minimal in normal gingiva. Few cases of FH, PG, and all cases of POF showed positivity for OPN in inflammatory cells, stromal cells, extracellular matrix, and in calcifications. Conclusion: Reactive hyperplastic lesions of oral cavity are mucosal responses to chronic low-grade irritation caused by plaque, calculus, and any other irritant. It is helpful to know their frequency and presentation as their early identification enables accurate patient evaluation and management. PMID:29391712

Reactive lesions of oral cavity: A retrospective study of 659 cases

PubMed Central

Babu, Biji; Hallikeri, Kaveri

2017-01-01

Objective: This study reviews, analyzes, and compares the demographic data, histopathological features and discusses the treatment and prognosis of reactive lesions (RLs). Materials and Methods: Retrospective study was performed on the departmental archives from July 2006 to July 2016 (total 5000 cases) comprising of 659 cases of RLs of the oral cavity. The recorded data included age, gender, size, site, duration, habits, etiology, histopathological diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Results: The most common lesion was found to be inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (47%) followed by pyogenic granuloma (PG) (27.16%) and the least cases were of peripheral giant cell granuloma (1.6%). The mean age for the occurrence was 4th–5th decade in all the RL's exceptperipheral ossifying fibroma (POF) which presented in the third decade. Female predominance was noted in all lesions except irritational FIB. The sizes of majority of the lesions were approximately 0.5–1 cm. The common sites were anterior maxilla followed by posterior mandible and least in tongue with no associated habits (82.2%). The duration of all the lesions was seen to be <1 year. Majority of them presented with poor oral hygiene status (87.2%). Recurrences were present in 13.5% of surgically excised lesions. Conclusion: The RLs present commonly in oral cavity secondary to injury and local factors which can mimic benign to rarely malignant lesions. The clinical and histopathological examination helps to categorize the type of lesions. The complete removal of local irritants with follow-up and maintenance of oral hygiene helps to prevent the recurrences of such lesions. PMID:29456298

Diagnosing and discriminating between primary and secondary aneurysmal bone cysts

PubMed Central

Sasaki, Hiromi; Nagano, Satoshi; Shimada, Hirofumi; Yokouchi, Masahiro; Setoguchi, Takao; Ishidou, Yasuhiro; Kunigou, Osamu; Maehara, Kosuke; Komiya, Setsuro

2017-01-01

Aneurysmal bone cysts (ABCs) are benign bony lesions frequently accompanied by multiple cystic lesions and aggressive bone destruction. They are relatively rare lesions, representing only 1% of bone tumors. The pathogenesis of ABCs has yet to be elucidated. In the present study, a series of 22 cases of primary and secondary ABC from patients treated in Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Kagoshima University Hospital (Kagoshima, Japan) from 2001–2015 were retrospectively analyzed. The average age at the time of diagnosis of primary ABC was 17.9 years. Intralesional curettage and artificial bone grafting were performed in the majority of the patients with primary ABC. The local recurrence rate following curettage for primary ABC was 18%, and the cause of local recurrence was considered to be insufficient curettage. Although no adjuvant therapy was administered during the surgeries, it may assist the prevention of local recurrence in certain cases. The cases of secondary ABC were preceded by benign bone tumors, including fibrous dysplasia, giant cell tumors, chondroblastoma and non-ossifying fibroma. The features of the secondary ABC typically reflected those of the preceding bone tumor. In the majority of cases, distinguishing the primary ABC from the secondary ABC was possible based on characteristic features, including age of the patient at diagnosis and the tumor location. In cases that exhibit ambiguous features, including a soft tissue mass or a thick septal enhancement on the preoperative magnetic resonance images, a biopsy must be obtained in order to exclude other types of aggressive bone tumors, including giant cell tumor, osteosarcoma and telangiectatic osteosarcoma. PMID:28454393

Investigating tendon mineralisation in the avian hindlimb: a model for tendon ageing, injury and disease

PubMed Central

Agabalyan, Natacha A; Evans, Darrell J R; Stanley, Rachael L

2013-01-01

Mineralisation of the tendon tissue has been described in various models of injury, ageing and disease. Often resulting in painful and debilitating conditions, the processes underlying this mechanism are poorly understood. To elucidate the progression from healthy tendon to mineralised tendon, an appropriate model is required. In this study, we describe the spontaneous and non-pathological ossification and calcification of tendons of the hindlimb of the domestic chicken (Gallus gallus domesticus). The appearance of the ossified avian tendon has been described previously, although there have been no studies investigating the developmental processes and underlying mechanisms leading to the ossified avian tendon. The tissue and cells from three tendons – the ossifying extensor and flexor digitorum longus tendons and the non-ossifying Achilles tendon – were analysed for markers of ageing and mineralisation using histology, immunohistochemistry, cytochemistry and molecular analysis. Histologically, the adult tissue showed a loss of healthy tendon crimp morphology as well as markers of calcium deposits and mineralisation. The tissue showed a lowered expression of collagens inherent to the tendon extracellular matrix and presented proteins expressed by bone. The cells from the ossified tendons showed a chondrogenic and osteogenic phenotype as well as tenogenic phenotype and expressed the same markers of ossification and calcification as the tissue. A molecular analysis of the gene expression of the cells confirmed these results. Tendon ossification within the ossified avian tendon seems to be the result of an endochondral process driven by its cells, although the roles of the different cell populations have yet to be elucidated. Understanding the role of the tenocyte within this tissue and the process behind tendon ossification may help us prevent or treat ossification that occurs in injured, ageing or diseased tendon. PMID:23826786

Atypical fibrosarcomas derived from cutaneous ganglion cell-like cells in 2 domestic Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus).

PubMed

Kondo, Hirotaka; Onuma, Mamoru; Shibuya, Hisashi; Sato, Tsuneo; Abbott, Jeffrey R

2011-07-01

Androgen-dependent atypical fibromas are benign tumors derived from ganglion-cell-like cells that are particular to Djungarian hamsters (Phodopus sungorus). Masses excised from 2 hamsters were composed of pleomorphic ganglion cell-like cells supported by small to moderate amounts of collagenous matrix. Intracytoplasmic fibrils were present in silver-stained sections, and immunohistochemistry showed that the cells expressed vimentin, androgen receptor, and, in one case, estrogen receptor α. In contrast to previously reported atypical fibromas, these tumors had features of anaplasia and were locally invasive. We diagnosed the tumors as atypical fibrosarcomas and consider them an unusual malignant counterpart of atypical fibroma. Copyright 2011 by the American Association for Laboratory Animal Science

Biennial Report on Long-Term Dose-Response Studies of Inhaled or Injected Radionuclides, 1991 - 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-01-01

found, multiple uterine fibromas, mammary adenomas, a parathyroid adenoma, and bilateral adrenal cortical adenomas. Dog 1106A, a male control, was...fibroma and uterine leiomyoma. Dog 1154S, a female with an ILB of 0.13 kBq 239Pu/kg body weight, was found dead 5016 days after exposure. At necropsy...vi I ITRI LIFE-SPAN STUDIES IN DOGS ............................................... I A. SPECIFIC PROJECT

Oral Findings in 58 Adults with Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

PubMed Central

Sparling, MAJ Joshua D.; Hong, Chien-Hui; Brahim, Jaime S.; Moss, Joel; Darling, Thomas N.

2010-01-01

Background Gingival fibromas and dental pitting are among the diagnostic criteria for tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Objective Our goal was to document the oral findings in 58 adult patients with TSC. Results Forty patients (69%) had oral fibromas, appearing mostly on the attached or interdental gingiva. Other oral sites included buccal and labial mucosa, the superior labial frenulum, palate, and tongue. Fifty-six patients (97 %) had multiple dental enamel pits. Limitations This case series comprised predominantly adult females with TSC and lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Conclusions Oral fibromas in TSC are mostly, but not exclusively, gingival. Dental pits are present in nearly all patients. The multiple oral papules in TSC may appear similar to those observed in Cowden syndrome, Birt-Hogg-Dube syndrome, and rarely in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1. PMID:17239986

Osteoblast-specific deletion of Hrpt2/Cdc73 results in high bone mass and increased bone turnover.

PubMed

Droscha, Casey J; Diegel, Cassandra R; Ethen, Nicole J; Burgers, Travis A; McDonald, Mitchell J; Maupin, Kevin A; Naidu, Agni S; Wang, PengFei; Teh, Bin T; Williams, Bart O

2017-05-01

Inactivating mutations that lead to loss of heterozygosity within the HRPT2/Cdc73 gene are directly linked to the development of primary hyperparathyroidism, parathyroid adenomas, and ossifying fibromas of the jaw (HPT-JT). The protein product of the Cdc73 gene, parafibromin, is a core member of the polymerase-associated factors (PAF) complex, which coordinates epigenetic modifiers and transcriptional machinery to control gene expression. We conditionally deleted Cdc73 within mesenchymal progenitors or within mature osteoblasts and osteocytes to determine the consequences of parafibromin loss within the mesenchymal lineage. Homozygous deletion of Cdc73 via the Dermo1-Cre driver resulted in embryos which lacked mesenchymal organ development of internal organs, including the heart and fetal liver. Immunohistochemical detection of cleaved caspase-3 revealed extensive apoptosis within the progenitor pools of developing organs. Unexpectedly, when Cdc73 was homozygously deleted within mature osteoblasts and osteocytes (via the Ocn-Cre driver), the mice had a normal life span but increased cortical and trabecular bone. OCN-Cre;Cdc73 flox/flox bones displayed large cortical pores actively undergoing bone remodeling. Additionally the cortical bone of OCN-Cre;Cdc73 flox/flox femurs contained osteocytes with marked amounts of cytoplasmic RNA and a high rate of apoptosis. Transcriptional analysis via RNA-seq within OCN-Cre;Cdc73 flox/flox osteoblasts showed that loss of Cdc73 led to a derepression of osteoblast-specific genes, specifically those for collagen and other bone matrix proteins. These results aid in our understanding of the role parafibromin plays within transcriptional regulation, terminal differentiation, and bone homeostasis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

New tumour entities in the 4th edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck tumours: odontogenic and maxillofacial bone tumours.

PubMed

Speight, Paul M; Takata, Takashi

2018-03-01

The latest (4th) edition of the World Health Organization Classification of Head and Neck tumours has recently been published with a number of significant changes across all tumour sites. In particular, there has been a major attempt to simplify classifications and to use defining criteria which can be used globally in all situations, avoiding wherever possible the use of complex molecular techniques which may not be affordable or widely available. This review summarises the changes in Chapter 8: Odontogenic and maxillofacial bone lesions. The most significant change is the re-introduction of the classification of the odontogenic cysts, restoring this books status as the only text which classifies and defines the full range of lesions of the odontogenic tissues. The consensus group considered carefully the terminology of lesions and were concerned to ensure that the names used properly reflected the best evidence regarding the true nature of specific entities. For this reason, this new edition restores the odontogenic keratocyst and calcifying odontogenic cyst to the classification of odontogenic cysts and rejects the previous terminology (keratocystic odontogenic tumour and calcifying cystic odontogenic tumour) which were intended to suggest that they are true neoplasms. New entities which have been introduced include the sclerosing odontogenic carcinoma and primordial odontogenic tumour. In addition, some previously poorly defined lesions have been removed, including the ameloblastic fibrodentinoma, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, which are probably developing odontomas, and the odontoameloblastoma, which is not regarded as an entity. Finally, the terminology "cemento" has been restored to cemento-ossifying fibroma and cemento-osseous dysplasias, to properly reflect that they are of odontogenic origin and are found in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws.

Cemento-osseous dysplasia of the jaw bones: key radiographic features

PubMed Central

Alsufyani, NA; Lam, EWN

2011-01-01

Objective The purpose of this study is to assess possible diagnostic differences between general dentists (GPs) and oral and maxillofacial radiologists (RGs) in the identification of pathognomonic radiographic features of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and its interpretation. Methods Using a systematic objective survey instrument, 3 RGs and 3 GPs reviewed 50 image sets of COD and similarly appearing entities (dense bone island, cementoblastoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, complex odontoma and sclerosing osteitis). Participants were asked to identify the presence or absence of radiographic features and then to make an interpretation of the images. Results RGs identified a well-defined border (odds ratio (OR) 6.67, P < 0.05); radiolucent periphery (OR 8.28, P < 0.005); bilateral occurrence (OR 10.23, P < 0.01); mixed radiolucent/radiopaque internal structure (OR 10.53, P < 0.01); the absence of non-concentric bony expansion (OR 7.63, P < 0.05); and the association with anterior and posterior teeth (OR 4.43, P < 0.05) as key features of COD. Consequently, RGs were able to correctly interpret 79.3% of COD cases. In contrast, GPs identified the absence of root resorption (OR 4.52, P < 0.05) and the association with anterior and posterior teeth (OR 3.22, P = 0.005) as the only key features of COD and were able to correctly interpret 38.7% of COD cases. Conclusions There are statistically significant differences between RGs and GPs in the identification and interpretation of the radiographic features associated with COD (P < 0.001). We conclude that COD is radiographically discernable from other similarly appearing entities only if the characteristic radiographic features are correctly identified and then correctly interpreted. PMID:21346079

Cemento-osseous dysplasia of the jaw bones: key radiographic features.

PubMed

Alsufyani, N A; Lam, E W N

2011-03-01

The purpose of this study is to assess possible diagnostic differences between general dentists (GPs) and oral and maxillofacial radiologists (RGs) in the identification of pathognomonic radiographic features of cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) and its interpretation. Using a systematic objective survey instrument, 3 RGs and 3 GPs reviewed 50 image sets of COD and similarly appearing entities (dense bone island, cementoblastoma, cemento-ossifying fibroma, fibrous dysplasia, complex odontoma and sclerosing osteitis). Participants were asked to identify the presence or absence of radiographic features and then to make an interpretation of the images. RGs identified a well-defined border (odds ratio (OR) 6.67, P < 0.05); radiolucent periphery (OR 8.28, P < 0.005); bilateral occurrence (OR 10.23, P < 0.01); mixed radiolucent/radiopaque internal structure (OR 10.53, P < 0.01); the absence of non-concentric bony expansion (OR 7.63, P < 0.05); and the association with anterior and posterior teeth (OR 4.43, P < 0.05) as key features of COD. Consequently, RGs were able to correctly interpret 79.3% of COD cases. In contrast, GPs identified the absence of root resorption (OR 4.52, P < 0.05) and the association with anterior and posterior teeth (OR 3.22, P = 0.005) as the only key features of COD and were able to correctly interpret 38.7% of COD cases. There are statistically significant differences between RGs and GPs in the identification and interpretation of the radiographic features associated with COD (P < 0.001). We conclude that COD is radiographically discernable from other similarly appearing entities only if the characteristic radiographic features are correctly identified and then correctly interpreted.

Benign and Malignant Proliferative Fibro-osseous and Osseous Lesions of the Oral Cavity of Dogs.

PubMed

Soltero-Rivera, M; Engiles, J B; Reiter, A M; Reetz, J; Lewis, J R; Sánchez, M D

2015-09-01

Ossifying fibroma (OF) and fibrous dysplasia (FD) are benign, intraosseous, proliferative fibro-osseous lesions (PFOLs) characterized by replacement of normal bone by a fibrous matrix with various degrees of mineralization and ossification. Osteomas are benign tumors composed of mature, well-differentiated bone. Clinical, imaging, and histologic features of 15 initially diagnosed benign PFOLs and osteomas of the canine oral cavity were evaluated. Final diagnoses after reevaluation were as follows: OF (3 cases), FD (4 cases), low-grade osteosarcoma (LG-OSA) (3 cases), and osteoma (5 cases). Histology alone often did not result in a definitive diagnosis for PFOL. OF appeared as a well-circumscribed, radiopaque mass with some degree of bone lysis on imaging. Most lesions of FD showed soft tissue opacity with bone lysis and ill-defined margins. Low-grade OSA appeared as a lytic lesion with a mixed opacity and ill-defined margins. Osteomas were characterized by a mineralized, expansile, well-circumscribed lesion. Although histologic features of PFOLs were typically bland, the lesions diagnosed as LG-OSA had some features of malignancy (eg, bone invasion or a higher mitotic index). Treatment varied widely. Of the 10 dogs with benign PFOL or osteoma with known outcome (10/12), 9 showed either complete response (6/10) or stable disease (3/10) after treatment. Of the 2 dogs with LG-OSA with known outcome, 1 showed complete response after curative intent surgery, but 1 patient had recurrence after partial maxillectomy. Definitive diagnosis of mandibular/maxillary PFOL is challenging via histopathologic examination alone, and accurate diagnosis is best achieved through assimilation of clinical, imaging, and histopathologic features. © The Author(s) 2015.

Endoscopic endonasal surgery for benign fibro-osseous lesions of the pediatric skull base.

PubMed

Stapleton, Amanda L; Tyler-Kabara, Elizabeth C; Gardner, Paul A; Snyderman, Carl H

2015-09-01

To describe the presentation, treatment, and outcomes of benign fibro-osseous tumors involving the skull base in a pediatric population. Retrospective chart review from January 2002 to September 2013 of pediatric patients (ages 0-18 years) who underwent endoscopic endonasal surgery (EES) for benign fibro-osseous tumors involving the skull base. Fourteen patients were identified with an age range of 2.7 to 17.9 years (mean, 12.5 years). Six juvenile ossifying fibromas, five benign fibro-osseous lesions, two osteomas, and one fibrous dysplasia were treated. Ocular symptoms and nasal obstruction were the most common presenting symptoms in nine (64%) and six (43%) of patients, respectively; five (36%) presented with proptosis and four (29%) with diplopia. Two (14%) patients had cranial nerve VI palsy. Transsellar and transclival approaches were used in five (36%) of patients. Orbital and optic nerve decompressions were the most common components of the approaches performed in nine (64%) of the surgeries. Gross total resection (GTR) was achieved with single-stage surgery in 10 (71%) patients; two additional patients underwent staged GTR. Two intraoperative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks occurred and were repaired endoscopically. There were no postoperative CSF leaks or infectious complications. Two patients had transient diplopia, and two had transient diabetes insipidus, all of which resolved. The mean follow-up was 13.8 months. Two patients had a recurrence, and both required additional EES achieving GTR. EES for benign fibro-osseous tumors of the skull base is a safe and effective treatment for excision of these lesions in the pediatric population. 4. © 2015 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.

Comparing Benign and Malignant Neoplasia and DSB Induction for Low-and High-LET Radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burns, Fredric; Tang, Moon-Shong Eric; Wu, Feng

One-and 2-stage models based on DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) have been developed to describe the dose and LET dependence of cancer induction in rat skin exposed to the Bragg plateau of several ion beams or electron radiation. Data are presented showing that carcinomas (malignant) and fibromas (benign) are induced differently by low and high LET radiation. DSBs are subject to complex repair processes, including homologous and non-homologous end joining, that slowly eliminate broken chromosome ends but at the expense of elevating genomic instability that increases the risk of neoplasia. In this formulation the initial molecular lesion in radiation carcinogenesis is assumed to be a DNA double strand break (DSB). The 2-event model assumes that pairs of DSBs join to create cellular genomic instability that eventually progresses to malignancy. The 1-event model assumes that joining is insignificant but that unrepaired DSBs remain and are sufficiently destabilizing to produce low-grade neoplasias. The respective expected relationships between neoplasia yield (Y), radiation dose (D) and LET (L) are: Y(D) = CLD + BD2 (A) for 2-events and Y(D) = CLD (B) for 1-event. Respective B and C values have been evaluated empirically for carcinomas, fibromas and DSBs, the latter via the -H2Ax technique in surrogate keratinocytes, for several types of radiations, including, 40Ar ions, 56Fe ions, 20Ne ions, protons, electrons and x-rays. Fibromas outnumber carcinomas by about 6:1 but are more sensitive than carcinomas to the cytolethal effect of the radiations. The 2-event model agrees well with carcinoma yields in rat skin but fails to model fibromas correctly. Instead the fibroma yields best fitted with the 1-event model for the high LET ion radiations, but at very low LET (electron radiation), an empirical D3 component becomes apparent which is not currently incorporated into the theoretical model. At higher LET values, the D3 component was not detected. The overall results are

Periapical lesions are not always a sequelae of pulpal necrosis: a retrospective study of 1521 biopsies.

PubMed

Kontogiannis, T G; Tosios, K I; Kerezoudis, N P; Krithinakis, S; Christopoulos, P; Sklavounou, A

2015-01-01

To record the incidence of lesions that were not the sequelae of pulpal necrosis (non-SPN) amongst 1521 biopsies of periapical lesions submitted with a clinical diagnosis of a sequelae of pulpal necrosis (SPN). A retrospective study of 1521 biopsy request forms of specimens submitted for histopathological examination with a clinical diagnosis 'periapical inflammation', 'periapical abscess', 'periapical granuloma' or 'periapical cyst' during an arbitrarily selected 14-year period was undertaken. Gender and age of the patient, site and maximum diameter of the lesion, symptoms, inclusion of the final diagnosis in the differential diagnosis and specialty of the clinician submitting the biopsy material were recorded in each case. The final diagnosis for each case was extracted from the pathology report, and two groups were formed, SPN and non-SPN lesions. Differences between the respective features of SPN and non-SPN cases were analysed with Yate's chi-square test and t-test (significance level P < 0.05) RESULTS: In 52 of the 1521 cases examined (3.42%), the histological diagnosis was not consistent with a SPN. In most non-SPN cases, the histopathological diagnosis was not included in the differential diagnosis. The keratocystic odontogenic tumour [odontogenic keratocyst (OKC)] was the most frequent non-SPN lesion (34.62%). Other, yet less frequent, non-SPN lesions included glandular odontogenic cysts, lateral periodontal cysts, central ossifying fibromas as well as malignancies (metastatic carcinomas and Langerhans cell histiocytosis). Non-SPN lesions appeared in the periapical region mimicking a SPN, although rarely. Most of them were developmental cysts, in particular OKCs, but odontogenic tumours, such as ameloblastoma, or malignant lesions were also diagnosed. Histological examination of tissue harvested from periapical lesions should be performed, in particular when those lesions are large. © 2014 International Endodontic Journal. Published by John Wiley & Sons

Appraisal of jaw swellings in a Nigerian tertiary healthcare facility.

PubMed

Lasisi, Taye J; Adisa, Akinyele O; Olusanya, Adeola A

2013-02-01

The mandible and maxilla can be the site of myriads of lesions that may be categorized as neoplastic, cystic, reactive and infective or inflammatory. Literature reviewing jaw swellings in an amalgamated fashion are uncommon, probably because aetiologies for these swellings are varied. However, to appreciate their relative relationship, it is essential to evaluate the clinico-pathologic profile of jaw swellings. The aim of this appraisal is to describe the array of jaw swellings seen at our hospital from 1990 to 2011, to serve as a reference database. Biopsy records of all histologically diagnosed cases of jaw swellings seen at the department of Oral Pathology, University College Hospital between January 1990 and December 2011 were retrieved, coded and inputted into SPSS version 20. Data on prevalence, age, sex, site and histological diagnosis were analysed descriptively for each category of jaw swellings. All patients below 16 years were regarded as children. A total of 638 jaw swellings were recorded in the 22-year study period. The Non Odontogenic Tumours (NOT) were the commonest, accounting for 46.2% of all jaw swellings. Odontogenic Tumours (OT) formed 45% of all adult jaw swelling while it formed 25.2% in children and adolescents. Ameloblastoma was the commonest while the most common NOT was ossifying fibroma (OF). Chronic osteomyelitis of the jaws was about 6 times commoner in adult females than males and mostly involved the mandible. The most common malignant jaw swelling was Burkitts' lymphoma (BL) that was about 7 times more in children than adults. Osteogenic sarcoma was the most common malignancy in adults. Jaw swellings are extensively varied in types and pattern of occurrence. This study has categorized jaw swellings in a simple but comprehensive fashion to allow for easy referencing in local and international data acquisition and epidemiological comparison. Key words:Jaw swellings, odontogenic, Nigeria.

Thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum: a report of 18 cases.

PubMed

Ben Hamouda, Karim; Jemel, Hafedh; Haouet, Slim; Khaldi, Moncef

2003-09-01

Thoracic myelopathy caused by ossification of the ligamentum flavum (OLF) is a rare entity, most evident in Japan. The authors studied the clinical manifestations, radiological aspects, surgical treatment, and pathogenesis of this disease. Eighteen patients with OLF-induced thoracic myelopathy underwent laminectomy. The severity of myelopathy varied. Complete paraplegia was seen in three cases. Compression of the upper and middle third of the thoracic spine was evident in six cases and of the lower third in 12 cases. Multilevel OLF was demonstrated in 13 cases. In most cases, the ossified ligamentum flavum appears as a V-shaped lesion on computerized tomography and magnetic resonance images. In all patients the diameter of the posterior spinal canal, already narrowed, was further exacerbated by the OLF. Laminectomy was limited to the levels of compression, and the ligamentum flavum was resected in all cases. The symptoms and signs improved in 13 cases and stabilized in four cases. In one case symptoms recurred as a result of ossified lesions forming at other sites. Histological examination showed that the mode of development of the ossified ligaments was endochondral ossification. Reports of OLF-induced myelopathy are rare and mainly described in Japan. The incidence also seems high in North Africa. An early laminectomy limited to the level of compression is recommended. Ossified ligamentum flavum is different from the calcification of the ligamentum flavum, which is due to crystal deposits.

Delayed diagnosis of Gorlin syndrome: Learning from mistakes!

PubMed

Ramanathan, Subramaniyan; Kumar, Devendra; Al Heidous, Mahmoud; Palaniappan, Yegu

2015-01-01

Gorlin syndrome (GS) is a rare inherited multisystem disorder with predisposition to basal cell carcinomas and various other neoplasms. Characteristic features include falx calcification, multiple odontogenic keratocysts (OKCs), early onset medulloblastoma, craniofacial and skeletal malformations, cardiac and ovarian fibroma. We present a case of GS in a 9-year-old girl with recurrent dental infections which was overlooked for 8 years. Diagnosis was finally suggested by the incidental detection of multiple OKCs and ovarian fibromas on follow-up magnetic resonance imaging performed for surveillance of previous operated brain tumor.

Myositis Ossificans.

PubMed

Walczak, Brian E; Johnson, Christopher N; Howe, B Matthew

2015-10-01

Myositis ossificans is a self-limiting, benign ossifying lesion that can affect any type of soft tissue, including subcutaneous fat, tendons, and nerves. It is most commonly found in muscle as a solitary lesion. Ossifying soft-tissue lesions historically have been inconsistently classified. Fundamentally, myositis ossificans can be categorized into nonhereditary and hereditary types, with the latter being a distinct entity with a separate pathophysiology and treatment approach. The etiology of myositis ossificans is variable; however, clinical presentation generally is characterized by an ossifying soft-tissue mass. Advanced cross-sectional imaging alone can be nonspecific and may appear to be similar to more sinister etiologies. Therefore, the evaluation of a suspicious soft-tissue mass often necessitates multiple imaging modalities for accurate diagnosis. When imaging is indeterminate, biopsy may be required for a histologic diagnosis. However, histopathology varies based on stage of evolution. The treatment of myositis ossificans is complex and is often made in a multidisciplinary fashion because accurate diagnosis is fundamental to a successful outcome. Copyright 2015 by the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons.

Odontogenic Cysts and Neoplasms.

PubMed

Bilodeau, Elizabeth Ann; Collins, Bobby M

2017-03-01

This article reviews a myriad of common and uncommon odontogenic cysts and tumors. The clinical presentation, gross and microscopic features, differential diagnosis, prognosis, and diagnostic pitfalls are addressed for inflammatory cysts (periapical cyst, mandibular infected buccal cyst/paradental cyst), developmental cysts (dentigerous, lateral periodontal, glandular odontogenic, orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst), benign tumors (keratocystic odontogenic tumor, ameloblastoma, adenomatoid odontogenic tumor, calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor, ameloblastic fibroma and fibroodontoma, odontoma, squamous odontogenic tumor, calcifying cystic odontogenic tumor, primordial odontogenic tumor, central odontogenic fibroma, and odontogenic myxomas), and malignant tumors (clear cell odontogenic carcinoma, ameloblastic carcinoma, ameloblastic fibrosarcoma). Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Histological evidence for a supraspinous ligament in sauropod dinosaurs

PubMed Central

Cerda, Ignacio A.; Casal, Gabriel A.; Martinez, Rubén D.; Ibiricu, Lucio M.

2015-01-01

Supraspinous ossified rods have been reported in the sacra of some derived sauropod dinosaurs. Although different hypotheses have been proposed to explain the origin of this structure, histological evidence has never been provided to support or reject any of them. In order to establish its origin, we analyse and characterize the microstructure of the supraspinous rod of two sauropod dinosaurs from the Upper Cretaceous of Argentina. The supraspinous ossified rod is almost entirely formed by dense Haversian bone. Remains of primary bone consist entirely of an avascular tissue composed of two types of fibre-like structures, which are coarse and longitudinally (parallel to the main axis of the element) oriented. These structures are differentiated on the basis of their optical properties under polarized light. Very thin fibrous strands are also observed in some regions. These small fibres are all oriented parallel to one another but perpendicular to the element main axis. Histological features of the primary bone tissue indicate that the sacral supraspinous rod corresponds to an ossified supraspinous ligament. The formation of this structure appears to have been a non-pathological metaplastic ossification, possibly induced by the continuous tensile forces applied to the element. PMID:26587248

Cochlear implant challenges encountered in tuberculous otitis media.

PubMed

Chen, Cheng-Fang; Liu, Zhao-Hui; Xie, Jing; Ma, Xiao-Bo; Li, Yi; Gong, Shu-Sheng

2012-05-01

Tuberculous otitis media (TOM) is rare in ENT department, and is frequently misdiagnosed as otitis media. Thus early systemic treatment is very important for TOM. We reported a case report with TOM to highlight development of the disease and difficulties in clinical treatment in late stage of TOM. Implantation of ossified and eroded cochlea poses many unique challenges to both the surgeon and programming team. With thorough preparation and complete knowledge about characters of specific issues, implantation would be performed successfully, and patients with ossified cochlear could benefit from cochlear implantation. Copyright © 2012 Hainan Medical College. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy for hemorrhoids: Methods, feasibility and efficacy

PubMed Central

Zhang, Ting; Xu, Li-Juan; Xiang, Jie; He, Zhi; Peng, Zhao-Yuan; Huang, Guang-Ming; Ji, Guo-Zhong; Zhang, Fa-Ming

2015-01-01

AIM: To evaluate the methodology, feasibility, safety and efficacy of a novel method called cap-assisted endoscopic sclerotherapy (CAES) for internal hemorrhoids. METHODS: A pilot study on CAES for grade I to III internal hemorrhoids was performed. Colon and terminal ileum examination by colonoscopy was performed for all patients before starting CAES. Polypectomy and excision of anal papilla fibroma were performed if polyps or anal papilla fibroma were found and assessed to be suitable for resection under endoscopy. CAES was performed based on the requirement of the cap, endoscope, disposable endoscopic long injection needle, enough insufflated air and sclerosing agent. RESULTS: A total of 30 patients with grade I to III internal hemorrhoids was included. The follow-up was more than four weeks. No bleeding was observed after CAES. One (3.33%) patient claimed mild tenesmus within four days after CAES in that an endoscopist performed this procedure for the first time. One hundred percent of patients were satisfied with this novel procedure, especially for those patients who underwent CAES in conjunction with polypectomy or excision of anal papilla fibroma. CONCLUSION: CAES as a novel endoscopic sclerotherapy should be a convenient, safe and effective flexible endoscopic therapy for internal hemorrhoids. PMID:26722615

Eccentric Capitellar Ossification Limits the Utility of the Radiocapitellar Line in Young Children.

PubMed

Fader, Lauren M; Laor, Tal; Eismann, Emily A; Cornwall, Roger; Little, Kevin J

2016-03-01

The radiocapitellar line (RCL) has long been used for the radiographic evaluation of elbow alignment. In children, the capitellar ossific nucleus serves as a proxy for the entire capitellum, but this substitution has not been verified. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we sought to understand how maturation of the ossific nucleus of the capitellum affects the utility of RCL throughout skeletal maturation of the elbow. The RCL was drawn on coronal and sagittal MRIs in 82 children (43 boys, 39 girls; age range, 1 to 13 y) with at least 3 patients in each 1-year interval age group. The perpendicular distance of the RCL from the center of both the cartilaginous capitellum and the capitellar ossific nucleus was measured relative to its total width, and a percent offset for each measurement was calculated. Logarithmic regression analysis was performed to analyze the effect of age and sex on percent offset. The RCL reliably intersected with the central third of the cartilaginous capitellum at all ages in both planes. Although the RCL intersected with the ossified capitellum in all but 3 measurements, it intersected with the central third of the ossified capitellum less often in younger children in both sagittal (B=0.47, P<0.001) and coronal (B=0.31, P=0.002) planes. Percent offset decreased significantly with age in a logarithmic manner in both sagittal (r=0.57, P<0.001) and coronal (r=-0.47, P<0.001) planes. 95% confidence intervals predict that the sagittal plane RCL will accurately intersect the central third of the ossified capitellum by age 10 years in girls and age 11 years in boys but not in the coronal plane. Eccentric ossification of the capitellum explains RCL variability in young children. The RCL does not reliably intersect the central third of the ossified capitellum until ages 10 years in girls and 11 years in boys in the sagittal plane. The RCL should be used within its limitations in skeletally immature children and should be combined with advanced

Plantar Fibroma and Plantar Fibromatosis

MedlinePlus

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Demons syndrome revisited: a review of the literature.

PubMed

Brun, Jean-Luc

2007-06-01

To report various descriptions of the combination of a benign genital tumour with pleural and/or abdominal effusion throughout the years and to determine the paternity of this syndrome, commonly known as Meigs' syndrome. A systematic review of the literature from 1728 to 2004. Before 1880, publications were rare and limited to clinical and anatomical descriptions drawing no conclusions between the cause and effect of this condition and even less about its management. Demons described the syndrome between 1887 and 1902. He was the first to specify that removal of the tumour (benign ovarian cyst, solid ovarian tumour, fibroma of the broad ligament) was essential for the patient to be cured of the effusions and that it was wrong to postpone surgery. In 1937, Meigs arrived at the same findings concerning ovarian fibromas and granulosa cell tumours, hence the name of Demons-Meigs which was given to this syndrome with the agreement of Meigs. Current literature reports on pseudosyndromes of Demons-Meigs including genital malignancies with negative cytology. These entities should not be called Demons or Meigs pseudosyndromes. Inversely, all benign tumours of the genital tract should be included in Demons syndrome, even if Demons did not actually encounter any during his years of practice, but it was in the spirit of his observations. Demons' syndrome includes all benign genital tumours, the Demons-Meigs eponym is reserved for the description of ovarian fibromas and granulosa cell tumours, and the Demons' pseudosyndrome includes all other entities.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. Report of a case in a Nigerian.

PubMed

Adekeye, E O; Edwards, M B; Goubran, G F

1978-08-01

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is very rare and has not previously been reported from Nigeria. The case described here had typical clinical features, but the microscopic findings were unusual and difficult to interpret. The pathogenetic relationship between ameloblastic fibroma and fibrosarcoma is discussed.

Isolated dorsal column dysfunction due to an intraspinal Osteolipoma - Case report and review of literature.

PubMed

Aiyer, Siddharth N; Shetty, Ajoy Prasad; Kanna, Rishi; Maheswaran, Anupama; Rajasekaran, S

2016-01-01

Osteolipoma is a rare variant of the ubiquitous lipoma. Published literature appears in the form of isolated case reports affecting soft tissue structures in the head, neck and rarely affecting the spine. We present a unique instance of an intraspinal osteolipoma in the cervical spine, without evidence of accompanying spinal dysraphism and an atypical clinical presentation of isolated dorsal column dysfunction. We describe the clinical presentation, operative procedure and post-operative outcomes with histopathological findings of this rare entity. A 61-year-old male presented with impaired dorsal column sensation due to an intraspinal extradural ossifying lesion in the cervical spinal canal. The patient underwent excision of the lesion with complete resolution of symptoms. Ossifying lesion in the spinal canal may be frequent finding on radiological imaging but presence of possible adipose tissue in the lesion should raise suspicion of rare clinical scenario of an osteolipoma.

Melorheostosis with recurrent soft-tissue components: a histologically confirmed case.

PubMed

Hasegawa, Shoichi; Kanda, Shotaro; Imada, Hiroki; Yamaguchi, Takehiko; Akiyama, Toru

2017-03-01

Melorheostosis is a very rare disorder characterized by irregular cortical thickening seen on radiographs. In this paper, we present a case of melorheostosis with microscopically confirmed soft-tissue components. The patient was a 51-year-old man who complained of severe pain in the lateral aspect of his right knee. The excision of an ossified soft-tissue lesion relieved intractable pain that had lasted 20 years. Microscopically, the cortex of the affected fibula was composed of thick compact bone and the soft-tissue component consisted of dense compact bone without endochondral ossification. The presence of soft-tissue osseous nodules around the joints is one of the specific conditions for melorheostosis and should be differentiated from synovial chondromatosis. The ossified soft-tissue lesion in our patient is to our knowledge the first reported case of the histologically confirmed soft-tissue component of melorheostosis, which differs from that of synovial chondromatosis.

Spinal Cord Herniation After Cervical Corpectomy with Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak: Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Guppy, Kern H; Silverthorn, James W

2017-04-01

Spinal cord herniation (SCH) is rare, is mostly idiopathic, and occurs predominantly in the thoracic spine. SCH is less common in the cervical spine and has been reported after posterior cervical spine surgery associated with the development of pseudomeningoceles. Two cases of SCH have been reported after anterior cervical corpectomies for ossified posterior longitudinal ligament with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks. We report the third such case, but the first in a patient without ossified posterior longitudinal ligament (degenerative disc disease and pseudarthrosis). A 56-year-old woman presented with bilateral arm pain and weakness. She had undergone 3 previous anterior cervical spine surgeries at an outside medical center with the most recent 7 years ago with C5 and C6 corpectomies and fusion with a persistent CSF leak. Magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography myelography showed spinal cord herniation through the mesh cage at C6. The patient underwent a redo C5 and C6 corpectomy with untethering of the spinal cord. The patient was asymptomatic 2 years later. This is the first reported case of anterior cervical SCH in a patient without ossified posterior longitudinal ligament after multiple anterior cervical fusions including a cervical corpectomy for pseudarthrosis with a CSF leak. We hypothesize that persistent CSF leak causes a pressure gradient across the dura mater through the cage to the lower pressure in the retropharyngeal space, which led to herniation of the spinal cord into the anterior cage. We review the literature and discuss the treatment choices for anterior cervical SCH. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

McCune-Albright syndrome.

PubMed

Dumitrescu, Claudia E; Collins, Michael T

2008-05-19

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is classically defined by the clinical triad of fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), café-au-lait skin spots, and precocious puberty (PP). It is a rare disease with estimated prevalence between 1/100,000 and 1/1,000,000. FD can involve a single or multiple skeletal sites and presents with a limp and/or pain, and, occasionally, a pathologic fracture. Scoliosis is common and may be progressive. In addition to PP (vaginal bleeding or spotting and development of breast tissue in girls, testicular and penile enlargement and precocious sexual behavior in boys), other hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies may be involved including hyperthyroidism, growth hormone excess, Cushing syndrome, and renal phosphate wasting. Café-au-lait spots usually appear in the neonatal period, but it is most often PP or FD that brings the child to medical attention. Renal involvement is seen in approximately 50% of the patients with MAS. The disease results from somatic mutations of the GNAS gene, specifically mutations in the cAMP regulating protein, Gs alpha. The extent of the disease is determined by the proliferation, migration and survival of the cell in which the mutation spontaneously occurs during embryonic development. Diagnosis of MAS is usually established on clinical grounds. Plain radiographs are often sufficient to make the diagnosis of FD and biopsy of FD lesions can confirm the diagnosis. The evaluation of patients with MAS should be guided by knowledge of the spectrum of tissues that may be involved, with specific testing for each. Genetic testing is possible, but is not routinely available. Genetic counseling, however, should be offered. Differential diagnoses include neurofibromatosis, osteofibrous dysplasia, non-ossifying fibromas, idiopathic central precocious puberty, and ovarian neoplasm. Treatment is dictated by the tissues affected, and the extent to which they are affected. Generally, some form of surgical intervention is recommended

McCune-Albright syndrome

PubMed Central

Dumitrescu, Claudia E; Collins, Michael T

2008-01-01

McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is classically defined by the clinical triad of fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), café-au-lait skin spots, and precocious puberty (PP). It is a rare disease with estimated prevalence between 1/100,000 and 1/1,000,000. FD can involve a single or multiple skeletal sites and presents with a limp and/or pain, and, occasionally, a pathologic fracture. Scoliosis is common and may be progressive. In addition to PP (vaginal bleeding or spotting and development of breast tissue in girls, testicular and penile enlargement and precocious sexual behavior in boys), other hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies may be involved including hyperthyroidism, growth hormone excess, Cushing syndrome, and renal phosphate wasting. Café-au-lait spots usually appear in the neonatal period, but it is most often PP or FD that brings the child to medical attention. Renal involvement is seen in approximately 50% of the patients with MAS. The disease results from somatic mutations of the GNAS gene, specifically mutations in the cAMP regulating protein, Gs alpha. The extent of the disease is determined by the proliferation, migration and survival of the cell in which the mutation spontaneously occurs during embryonic development. Diagnosis of MAS is usually established on clinical grounds. Plain radiographs are often sufficient to make the diagnosis of FD and biopsy of FD lesions can confirm the diagnosis. The evaluation of patients with MAS should be guided by knowledge of the spectrum of tissues that may be involved, with specific testing for each. Genetic testing is possible, but is not routinely available. Genetic counseling, however, should be offered. Differential diagnoses include neurofibromatosis, osteofibrous dysplasia, non-ossifying fibromas, idiopathic central precocious puberty, and ovarian neoplasm. Treatment is dictated by the tissues affected, and the extent to which they are affected. Generally, some form of surgical intervention is recommended

Retrospective Study of 383 Cases of Fibro-Osseous Lesions of the Jaws.

PubMed

Kato, Camila de Nazaré Alves de Oliveira; Nunes, Laiz Fernandes Mendes; Chalub, Loliza Luiz Figueiredo Houri; Etges, Adriana; Silva, Tarcília Aparecida; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves

2018-05-10

The aims of this study were to describe the clinical and radiologic features of 383 fibro-osseous lesions (FOLs) from an oral pathology reference service in Brazil and to compare the findings with previous studies. The hypothesis of the study was that the most common type of FOL would differ from other investigations. We conducted a descriptive and retrospective study with review of the records of the clinical and biopsy services (1990 to 2015). All records of the patients included showed a definitive diagnosis of FOL. The primary outcome variable was the type of FOL, and the predictor variables were gender, age, ethnicity, location, and clinical and radiologic characteristics. Descriptive analyses and χ 2 tests were performed. The P value was set at .05. From the 27,998 records available, 383 showed FOLs, with 187 (48.8%) being cemento-osseous dysplasias (CODs), 103 (26.9%) being fibrous dysplasias (FDs), and 93 (24.3%) being ossifying fibromas (OFs). The mean age of the patients was 38.5 ± 17.5 years. CODs presented a predilection for female gender (n = 314, 82.0%), African descent (n = 134, 71.6%), and the mandible (n = 248, 64.6%). The most common radiologic feature was a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque image (n = 149, 51.7%). FDs and OFs were commonly diagnosed during the first and second decades of life (P < .001), whereas CODs were more frequently diagnosed beyond the third decade (P < .001). Secondary osteomyelitis was more significantly observed in CODs (P < .001) than in FDs and OFs. Swelling was more frequently reported for FDs and OFs than for CODs (P < .001). CODs were the most frequently observed FOLs in this Brazilian population. Female patients, patients of African descent, and patients with mandibular localization were most commonly affected by these conditions. The most common type of FOL differed from that in similar case reports or series from various geographic locations. It is believed that the data source (clinical and

A 28-Year-Old Male Patient with Nail Tumors, Skin Lesions, and Epilepsy

PubMed Central

Balak, Deepak M.W.; Zonnenberg, Bernard A.; Spitzer-Naaijkens, Juliette M.J.; Hulshof, Mieke M.

2017-01-01

Background Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomas in multiple organs. Most patients with TSC exhibit cutaneous manifestations. Methods We report a 28-year-old patient with multiple pink papules at the proximal nail fold of several toes. Results Histopathological analysis of a biopsy of a papule was consistent with an ungual fibroma. Histopathological analysis of a biopsy of an elevated skin-colored plaque at the lower back was diagnostic for a Shagreen patch. These findings were consistent with a clinical diagnosis of TSC. This patient was subsequently referred to a multidisciplinary TSC clinic for further screening, which revealed a giant cell astrocytoma and multiple subependymal tubers. Annual monitoring was recommended. The skin lesions were treated with topical rapamycin ointment. Conclusions Recognizing dermatological manifestations of TSC is of importance to allow early diagnosis. TSC should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the case of ungual fibromas, even in older patients. PMID:28203158

A 28-Year-Old Male Patient with Nail Tumors, Skin Lesions, and Epilepsy.

PubMed

Balak, Deepak M W; Zonnenberg, Bernard A; Spitzer-Naaijkens, Juliette M J; Hulshof, Mieke M

2017-01-01

Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by the development of benign hamartomas in multiple organs. Most patients with TSC exhibit cutaneous manifestations. We report a 28-year-old patient with multiple pink papules at the proximal nail fold of several toes. Histopathological analysis of a biopsy of a papule was consistent with an ungual fibroma. Histopathological analysis of a biopsy of an elevated skin-colored plaque at the lower back was diagnostic for a Shagreen patch. These findings were consistent with a clinical diagnosis of TSC. This patient was subsequently referred to a multidisciplinary TSC clinic for further screening, which revealed a giant cell astrocytoma and multiple subependymal tubers. Annual monitoring was recommended. The skin lesions were treated with topical rapamycin ointment. Recognizing dermatological manifestations of TSC is of importance to allow early diagnosis. TSC should be considered as a differential diagnosis in the case of ungual fibromas, even in older patients.

Plantar fascia: imaging diagnosis and guided treatment.

PubMed

McNally, Eugene G; Shetty, Shilpa

2010-09-01

Plantar fasciopathy is a common cause of heel pain. This article covers the imaging anatomy of the hindfoot, the imaging findings on ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of plantar fasciopathy, plantar fibromas, trauma, Achilles tendonopathy, neural compression, stress fractures of the os calcis and other heel pad lesions. Thickening of the plantar fascia insertion more than 5 mm either on ultrasound or MRI is suggestive of plantar fasciopathy. Ultrasound is superior to MRI for diagnosis of plantar fibroma as small low signal lesions on MRI are similar to the normal plantar fascia signal. Ultrasound demonstrates low echogenicity compared with the echogenic plantar fascia. Penetrating injuries can appear bizarre due to associated foreign body impaction and infection. Achilles tendonopathy can cause heel pain and should be considered as a possible diagnosis. Treatment options include physical therapy, ECSWT, corticosteroid injection, and dry needling. Percutaneous US guided treatment methods will be described. Thieme Medical Publishers.

Designing Networks for Innovation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laskowski, Paul Luke

2009-01-01

The last decades have seen tremendous growth and transformation in the Internet's commercial landscape. Underneath this success, however, the underlying network architecture has shown a marked resistance to change; it is now described as stagnant and ossified. Numerous design proposals have been developed by researchers, implemented in code, and…

Oral mucosal lesions in a Chilean elderly population: A retrospective study with a systematic review from thirteen countries.

PubMed

Rivera, César; Droguett, Daniel; Arenas-Márquez, María-Jesús

2017-02-01

The oral examination is an essential part of the multidisciplinary medical care in elderly people. Oral mucosal lesions and normal variations of oral anatomy (OMLs) are very common in this people, but few studies have examined the frequency and prevalence of these conditions worldwide and less in Chile. The aim of this research was to evaluate the frequency of OMLs in a Chilean elderly population. It was conducted a retrospective study (Talca, Chile). Two hundred seventy-seven OMLs were classified in groups and anatomical sites. In order to contextualize our numbers, we made a systematic review using Publish or Perish software, Google Scholar and InteractiVenn. The most prevalent OMLs groups were soft tissue tumors, epithelial pathology, facial pain and neuromuscular diseases, and dermatologic diseases. The most frequent OMLs included irritation fibroma (30 patients, 10.8%), hemangioma (20, 7.2%), burning mouth syndrome (20 cases, 7.2%), oral lichen planus (12, 4.3%) and epulis fissuratum (12, 4.3%). In the systematic review, 75 OMLs were relevant and the more studied pathologies were traumatic ulcerations (11 of 15 articles), oral lichen planus (10/15), irritation fibroma, melanotic pigmentations, and recurrent aphthous stomatitis (9/10, respectively). Considering all included articles, most frequent OMLs in elderly people included denture-related stomatitis (13.3%), irritation fibroma (8.7%) and fissured tongue (6.3%). The results reflect the frequency of OMLs diagnosed in a specialized service in south of Chile and many countries around the world. These numbers will allow the establishment of preventive politics and adequacy of the clinical services. Key words: Oral mucosal lesions, elderly people, Chilean population, frequency, systematic review.

[Osteological development of the vertebral column and caudal complex of Lujanus guttatus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae) larvae under rearing conditions].

PubMed

Rodríguez-Ibarra, Luz Estela; Abdo-de la Parra, María Isabel; Aguilar-Zárate, Gabriela; Valasco-Blanco, Gabriela; Ibarra-Castro, Leonardo

2015-03-01

The spotted rose snapper (Lutjanus guttatus) is an important commercial species in Mexico with good culture potential. The osteological study at early stages in this species is an important tool to confirm normal bone structure and for the detection of malformations that may occur during early development. This study was carried out in order to evaluate and describe the normal osteological development of the vertebral column and caudal complex of this species grown under controlled conditions. For this, a total of 540 larvae of L. guttatus, between 2.1 and 17.5 mm of total length (TL), were cultured during 36 days; culture conditions were 28 degrees C, 5.74 mg/L oxygen and 32.2 ups salinity with standard feeding rates. To detect growth changes, a sample of 15 organisms was daily taken from day one until day 36 of post-hatch (DPH). Samples were processed following standard techniques of clearing, and cartilage (alcian blue) and bone staining (alizarin red). Results showed that the vertebral column is composed of ten vertebrae in the abdominal region, and 14 vertebrae including the urostyle in the caudal region. The development of the axial skeleton starts with the neural arches and haemal arches at 3.8 mm TL. Caudal elements such as the hypurals and parahypural began to develop at 4.1 mm TL. Pre-flexion and flexion of the notochord and the formation of all hypurals were observed between 5.3 and 5.8 mm TL. Ossification of the vertebrae in the abdominal region and in some neural arches initiated at 9.5mm TL. In the caudal region, all the neural and haemal arches ossified at 10.2 mm TL. All the abdominal vertebrae and their respective neural arches and parapophyses ossified at 11.2 mm TL, while the elements of the caudal complex that ossified were the hypurals, parahypurals and modified haemal spines. All caudal fm rays, 12 neural spines and 3 haemal arches were ossified by 15.5 mm. The complete ossification process of this specie under laboratory culture conditions

Chondromyxoid Fibroma of the Ethmoid Sinus

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

and its perceptible recurrence rate. It is for these reasons that CMF should be distinguished from a myxoid variant of chondrosarcoma (which usually...cartilage of the type seen in chondroma or chondrosarcoma and is a focal finding in less than 20% of CMF cases [5]. Mitotic figures are sparse, accounting...CMF from chondrosarcoma [5]. The histologic differential diagnosis of CMF includes, most importantly, myxoid chondrosarcoma and chondro- blastoma [7

Morphological and taxonomic descriptions of a new genus and species of killifishes (Teleostei: Cyprinodontiformes) from the high Andes of northern Chile

PubMed Central

Arratia, Gloria; Vila, Irma; Lam, Natalia; Guerrero, Claudia Jimena

2017-01-01

A new genus and species, Pseudorestias lirimensis, is described from the southern part of the Chilean Altiplano. While sharing several characters that clearly align the new species with Orestias, this new fish is characterized by numerous autapomorphies: the Meckel cartilage is a continuous cartilage that broadly expands posteriorly (in large specimens, it keeps its anterior part and is resorbed posteriorly), the basibranchials are fused into one long element, the second pharyngobranchial is not displaced dorsally over pharyngobranchial tooth plate 3+4, but they are aligned, the anterior and posterior ceratohyals are closely articulated keeping a scarce amount of cartilage between both bones and ventral to them, ossified middle and distal dorsal radials are present in females as well as ossified middle and distal anal radials. Pseudorestias lirimensis presents strong sexual dimorphism associated to size. Females are almost twice as large and long than males, neuromast lines are absent in males, a mesethmoid is present in males, squamation on head is reduced in males, and ossified middle and distal radial of dorsal fin are cartilaginous in males. Pseudorestias and Orestias are suggested as the sole members of the tribe Orestiini. A list of characters diagnosing the tribe is provided. The presence of the new genus is interpreted as a possible result of the ecosystem isolation where the fish is living from surrounding basins—as early as possibly from the Miocene-Pliocene times—and its physical and chemical characteristics. Small populations, living conditions, small habitat, and reduced distribution make this species a strong candidate to be considered critically endangered, a situation already established for all other Chilean species living in the Altiplano. There is high probability it will become extinct due to water demands and climate change in the region. PMID:28792510

Indian hedgehog signaling promotes chondrocyte differentiation in enchondral ossification in human cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

PubMed

Sugita, Daisuke; Yayama, Takafumi; Uchida, Kenzo; Kokubo, Yasuo; Nakajima, Hideaki; Yamagishi, Atsushi; Takeura, Naoto; Baba, Hisatoshi

2013-10-15

Histological, immunohistochemical, and immunoblot analyses of the expression of Indian hedgehog (Ihh) signaling in human cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL). To examine the hypothesis that Ihh signaling in correlation with Sox9 and parathyroid-related peptide hormone (PTHrP) facilitates chondrocyte differentiation in enchondral ossification process in human cervical OPLL. In enchondral ossification, certain transcriptional factors regulate cell differentiation. OPLL is characterized by overexpression of these factors and disturbance of the normal cell differentiation process. Ihh signaling is essential for enchondral ossification, especially in chondrocyte hypertrophy. Samples of ossified ligaments were harvested from 45 patients who underwent anterior cervical decompressive surgery for symptomatic OPLL, and 6 control samples from patients with cervical spondylotic myelopathy/radiculopathy without OPLL. The harvested sections were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and toluidine blue, examined by transmission electron microscopy, and immunohistochemically stained for Ihh, PTHrP, Sox9, type X, XI collagen, and alkaline phosphatase. Immunoblot analysis was performed in cultured cells derived from the posterior longitudinal ligaments in the vicinity of the ossified plaque and examined for the expression of these factors. The ossification front in OPLL contained chondrocytes at various differentiation stages, including proliferating chondrocytes in fibrocartilaginous area, hypertrophic chondrocytes around the calcification front, and apoptotic chondrocytes near the ossified area. Immunoreactivity for Ihh and Sox9 was evident in proliferating chondrocytes and was strongly positive for PTHrP in hypertrophic chondrocytes. Mesenchymal cells with blood vessel formation were positive for Ihh, PTHrP, and Sox9. Cultured cells from OPLL tissues expressed significantly higher levels of Ihh, PTHrP, and Sox9 than those in non-OPLL cells. Our results

At the Garden Gate: Community Building through Food--Revisiting the Critique of "Food, Folk and Fun" in Multicultural Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Troy A.

2011-01-01

This essay takes up a re-evaluation of the ossified view of food events that have circulated in the canonical texts of multicultural education. While agreeing with the critique by progressive multiculturalists against a "touristic" approach to diversity, the author argues that such a conception of food-centered events in schools has obscured how…

Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour syndrome detected by aggressive generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica.

PubMed

Guerrouani, Alae; Rzin, Abdelkader; El Khatib, Karim

2013-01-01

Severe hyperparathyroidism can affect bone metabolism and be in the origine of multiple brown tumours (generalized osteitis fibrosa cystica). When associated with fibro-ossifying tumours of the jaw, it realizes a rare genetic syndrome referred as Hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumour HPT-JT. We report the case of a patient we treated for HPT-JT, and literature review.

Viral skin diseases of the rabbit.

PubMed

Meredith, Anna L

2013-09-01

This article describes the viral skin diseases affecting the domestic rabbit, the most important being myxomatosis. Transmission and pathogenesis, clinical signs, diagnosis, treatment, and control are described and the article will be of interest to veterinary practitioners who treat rabbits. Shope fibroma virus, Shope papilloma virus, and rabbitpox are also discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Armored brain in a young girl with a syndromal hydrocephalus.

PubMed

Viozzi, Ilaria; van Baarsen, Kirsten; Grotenhuis, André

2017-01-01

The authors present a case of a young girl affected by a syndromal hydrocephalus who developed a bilateral ossified chronic subdural hematoma with the typical radiological appearance of "the armored brain". Bilateral calcified chronic subdural hematoma is a rare complication of ventriculoperitoneal shunt. There is controversy in the treatment, but most published literature discourages a surgical intervention to remove the calcifications.

Chondroblastoma with Secondary Aneurysmal Bone Cyst

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-01

dysplasia, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, osteochondroma, giant cell tumors, or enchondroma. Chondrosarcoma , osteoblastoma–aggressive variant and...Histology reveals cartilage with a layer of smooth, thin bone surrounding. 2 Chondrosarcomas tend to occur in an older population than most primary bone...mentioned was considered. All of those suspected neoplasms, with the exception of chondrosarcoma , fit this patient’s age group, as all frequently

Tumours of the soft (mesenchymal) tissues.

PubMed

Weiss, E

1974-01-01

This is a classification of tumours of fibrous tissue, fat, muscle, blood and lymph vessels, and mast cells, irrespective of the region of the body in which they arise. Tumours of fibrous tissue are divided into fibroma, fibrosarcoma (including "canine haemangiopericytoma"), other sarcomas, equine sarcoid, and various tumour-like lesions. The histological appearance of the tumours is described and illustrated with photographs.

Use of a carbon dioxide laser for surgical management of cutaneous masses in horses: 65 cases (1993-2004)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hawkins, Jan F.; McCauley, Charles T.

2005-04-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of horses treated for cutaneous masses with the carbon dioxide (CO2) laser. The records of 65 horses were examined. Surgery was performed under general anesthesia or standing under sedation and local anesthesia. Excision was performed freehand using a focused beam with power settings ranging from 10 to 32 Watts in a continuous mode. Following en bloc removal of masses the subcutaneous tissue and wound margins were photovaporized using a defocused beam. Follow-up information was obtained via telephone interview with owners or referring veterinarians Cutaneous masses were divided into three groups: sarcoid (29), neoplasia including squamous cell carcinoma (15), melanoma (6), schwanoma (2), fibroma (1), and fibrosarcoma (1), and non-neoplastic masses (11). Mass reoccurrence developed in 8 of 29 (28%) sarcoids and 4 of 14 (29%) squamous cell carcinoma. No reoccurrence was reported for horses diagnosed with melanoma, schwanoma, fibrosarcoma, fibroma, or any of the non-neoplastic masses. Sixty of 63 owners (95%) reported that they were satisfied with the outcome of the procedure. This study demonstrates that the CO2 laser is an effective means of treating cutaneous masses in horses.

Immunohistochemical expression of myofibroblasts, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ in oral fibrous lesions.

PubMed

Santos, Pedro Paulo de Andrade; Barroso, Keila Martha Amorim; Nonaka, Cassiano Francisco Weege; Pereira Pinto, Leão; Souza, Lélia Batista de

2018-05-29

Analyze the presence of myofibroblasts (MFBs) in oral fibrous lesions and investigate TGF-β1 and IFN-γ expression by immunohistochemistry during their differentiation. Twenty giant cell fibromas (GCFs), 20 fibromas (FIBs), and 20 fibrous hyperplasias (FHs) were selected. To evaluate the presence of MFBs, anti-α-SMA-immunoreactive cells were quantified in connective tissue. TGF-β1 and IFN-γ expressions were evaluated in epithelial and connective tissue by determining the percentage of immunoreactive cells. Higher MFBs concentrations were observed in GCFs (median of 20.00), followed by FHs (15.00) and FIBs (14.00) (P = 0.072). No significant correlation between TGF-β1 or IFN-γ immunoexpression and the number of MFBs in oral fibrous lesions was observed (P > 0.05). The higher density of MFBs found in GCFs, followed by FHs and FIBs, reaffirms the fibrogenic role of these cells, while the higher concentrations detected in GCFs, including evidence of giant MFBs, also suggest a role in the neoplastic behavior of these lesions. No correlation was observed between TGF-β1 and IFN-γ in the myofibroblastic transdifferentiation process of the analyzed lesions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Short stature and growth hormone deficiency in a girl with encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis and Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome: a case report.

PubMed

Choi, Eun Mi; Jung, Nani; Shim, Ye Jee; Choi, Hee Joung; Kim, Joon Sik; Kim, Heung Sik; Song, Kwang Soon; Lee, Hee Jung; Kim, Sang Pyo

2016-12-01

A 9-year-old Tajikistani girl presented to Keimyung University Dongsan Medical Center for evaluation of a skin lesion on her left eyelid, focal alopecia, unilateral ventricular dilatation, and aortic coarctation. She was diagnosed with encephalocraniocutaneous lipomatosis (ECCL) according to Moog's diagnostic criteria. Café-au-lait spots were found on the left side of her trunk. Multiple nonossifying fibromas were found on her left proximal humerus, left distal femur, both proximal tibias, and left proximal fibula, suggesting Jaffe-Campanacci syndrome (JCS), following imaging of the extremities. Many JCS cases with multiple Café-au-lait macules, multiple nonossifying fibromas may actually have Neurofibromatosis type-1 (NF1). Thus, comprehensive molecular analysis to exclude NF1 mutation was performed using her blood sample. The NF1 mutation was not found. Her height was under the 3rd percentile and her bone age was delayed as compared with her chronological age. Baseline growth hormone (GH) level was below the normal range. Using the insulin stimulation and levo-dihydroxyphenylalanine tests, GH deficiency was confirmed. We present a case of GH deficiency with typical features of ECCL and JCS.

Enhancing Osteoclastic Resorption for the Prevention and Treatment of Heterotopic Ossification

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

two thirds of these patients developing painful and debilitating HO. There are currently no effective treatments for HO other than surgical...prevention and treatment of HO, to relieve this painful and debilitating orthopaedic complication. American Society for Bone and Mineral Research, Houston...developing painful and debilitating HO. There are currently no effective treatments for HO other than surgical excision of the ossified tissue which

Fibro-epithelial hyperplasia mimicking mucocele.

PubMed

Jain, K; Singh, B D; Dubey, A; Avinash, A

2014-01-01

The effects of chronic local irritation have been seen commonly in the form of fibroma or mucocele in children. We report a ten year old girl with the chief complaint of swelling in the lower right region of labial mucosa which was diagnosed clinically as mucocele and histologically as fibro-epithelial hyperplasia. Surgical excision was done under local anesthesia with no post-operative complication.

Mammary and femoral hydatid cysts.

PubMed

Shamim, Muhammad

2010-08-01

Hydatid cyst disease most commonly affects liver and lungs, but it can affect all viscera and soft tissues of the body. Simultaneous mammary and femoral hydatid cysts, without any other visceral involvement, are extremely rare. This is a case report of 25-years-old female, presenting with lump in left breast mimicking fibroadenoma and lump in right thigh mimicking fibroma. Both turned out to be hydatid cysts.

Structure, ontogeny and evolution of the patellar tendon in emus (Dromaius novaehollandiae) and other palaeognath birds

PubMed Central

Pitsillides, Andrew A.; Hutchinson, John R.

2014-01-01

The patella (kneecap) exhibits multiple evolutionary origins in birds, mammals, and lizards, and is thought to increase the mechanical advantage of the knee extensor muscles. Despite appreciable interest in the specialized anatomy and locomotion of palaeognathous birds (ratites and relatives), the structure, ontogeny and evolution of the patella in these species remains poorly characterized. Within Palaeognathae, the patella has been reported to be either present, absent, or fused with other bones, but it is unclear how much of this variation is real, erroneous or ontogenetic. Clarification of the patella’s form in palaeognaths would provide insight into the early evolution of the patella in birds, in addition to the specialized locomotion of these species. Findings would also provide new character data of use in resolving the controversial evolutionary relationships of palaeognaths. In this study, we examined the gross and histological anatomy of the emu patellar tendon across several age groups from five weeks to 18 months. We combined these results with our observations and those of others regarding the patella in palaeognaths and their outgroups (both extant and extinct), to reconstruct the evolution of the patella in birds. We found no evidence of an ossified patella in emus, but noted its tendon to have a highly unusual morphology comprising large volumes of adipose tissue contained within a collagenous meshwork. The emu patellar tendon also included increasing amounts of a cartilage-like tissue throughout ontogeny. We speculate that the unusual morphology of the patellar tendon in emus results from assimilation of a peri-articular fat pad, and metaplastic formation of cartilage, both potentially as adaptations to increasing tendon load. We corroborate previous observations of a ‘double patella’ in ostriches, but in contrast to some assertions, we find independent (i.e., unfused) ossified patellae in kiwis and tinamous. Our reconstructions suggest a

Leiomyomatous hamartoma of the incisive papilla.

PubMed

Corrêa, L; Lotufo, M; Martins, M T; Sugaya, N; de Sousa, S C

2001-01-01

A case of unusual hamartoma in a six-year-old otherwise healthy Brazilian girl is reported, with emphasis on histological and immunohistochemical features. A mass observed in the incisive papilla was detected whose appearance was similar to congenital epulis or fibroma. Histological findings showed interlacing fascicles of large spindle cells resembling smooth muscle cells. Immunohistochemical staining for desmin and for smooth-muscle actin was positive. The histological diagnosis was leiomyomatous hamartoma, based on clinical and microscopic observations.

Nasal anatomy of the non-mammaliaform cynodont Brasilitherium riograndensis (Eucynodontia, Therapsida) reveals new insight into mammalian evolution.

PubMed

Ruf, Irina; Maier, Wolfgang; Rodrigues, Pablo G; Schultz, Cesar L

2014-11-01

The mammalian nasal cavity is characterized by a unique anatomy with complex internal features. The evolution of turbinals was correlated with endothermic and macrosmatic adaptations in therapsids and in early mammals, which is still apparent in their twofold function (warming and moistening of air, olfaction). Fossil evidence for the transformation from the nonmammalian to the mammalian nasal cavity pattern has been poor and inadequate. Ossification of the cartilaginous nasal capsule and turbinals seems to be a feature that occurred only very late in synapsid evolution but delicate ethmoidal bones are rarely preserved. Here we provide the first µCT investigation of the nasal cavity of the advanced non-mammaliaform cynodont Brasilitherium riograndensis from the Late Triassic of Southern Brazil, a member of the sister-group of mammaliaforms, in order to elucidate a critical anatomical transition in early mammalian evolution. Brasilitherium riograndensis already had at least partially ossified turbinals as remnants of the nasoturbinal and the first ethmoturbinal are preserved. The posterior nasal septum is partly ossified and contributes to a mesethmoid. The nasal cavity is posteriorly expanded and forms a distinctive pars posterior (ethmoidal recess) that is ventrally separated from the nasopharyngeal duct by a distinct lamina terminalis. Thus, our observations clearly demonstrate that principal features of the mammalian nasal cavity were already present in the sister-group of mammaliaforms. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Uremia Induces Dental Pulp Ossification but Reciprocally Inhibits Adjacent Alveolar Bone Osteogenesis.

PubMed

Yang, Chih-Yu; Chang, Zee-Fen; Chau, Yat-Pang; Chen, Ann; Lee, Oscar Kuang-Sheng; Yang, An-Hang

2015-11-01

Uremic patients are predisposed to atrophy of the alveolar bone and narrowing of the dental pulp chamber. Such pulp chamber changes have only been diagnosed radiologically; however, this has not been supported by any pathological evidence. We used a uremic rat model with secondary hyperparathyroidism induced by 5/6 nephrectomy surgery and high-phosphate diet to examine the dental pulp and adjacent alveolar bone pathology. In addition, we collected pulp tissues for real-time PCR. We found an opposite histopathological presentation of the ossified dental pulp and the osteomalacic adjacent alveolar bone. Furthermore, pulp cells with positive staining for Thy-1, a surrogate stem cell marker, were significantly reduced in the pulp of uremic rats compared to the controls, indicating a paucity of stem cells. This was further evidenced by the reduced pulp expression of dickkopf-1 (Dkk-1), a Wnt/β-catenin signaling inhibitor produced by mesenchymal stem cells. In contrast, expressions of receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand (RANKL) and RANK in uremic pulp were up-regulated, probably to counteract the ossifying process of uremic pulp. In conclusion, uremic pulp ossifications were associated with a paucity of stem cells and dysregulated Dkk-1 and RANKL signaling systems, further shifting the imbalance toward osteogenesis. Strategies to counteract such an imbalance may offer a potential therapeutic target to improve dental health in uremic patients, which warrants further interventional studies.

Melorheostosis involving the cervical and upper thoracic spine: radiographic, CT, and MR imaging findings.

PubMed

Motimaya, A M; Meyers, S P

2006-01-01

Melorheostosis, an uncommon mesenchymal dysplasia, rarely affects the axial skeleton. We describe the imaging findings of melorheostosis involving the cervical and upper thoracic spine. Radiographs and CT showed unilateral well-marginated undulating zones of cortical hyperostosis involving multiple vertebrae that were contiguous with a coalescent ossified right paravertebral mass. MR imaging showed zones of signal intensity void on all pulse sequences without contrast enhancement. Conservative management was elected because of lack of interval clinical and imaging changes for 8 years.

Physician Practice Patterns Within an Acute Care Facility.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-01-01

2.2 Severe or complete 0 2 Same as 2.1 Uterine Prolapse 2.3 W Ulceration 1 1 Same as 2.1 with Ulceration of Cervix Diagnostic Category - Endometriosis...d) suckling pigs, (e) mermaids, (f) fabulous ones, (g) stray dogs , (h) those that are included in this classification, (i) those that tremble as if...83 84 Evidence 1.1 Ltd Ovary 10 7 Physical Findings Diagnostic Category - Uterine Fibroma Supporting Stg Desc 83 84 Evidence 1.0 W/O Comp 62 58

Scala vestibuli cochlear implantation in patients with partially ossified cochleas.

PubMed

Berrettini, Stefano; Forli, Francesca; Neri, Emanuele; Segnini, Giovanni; Franceschini, Stefano Sellari

2002-11-01

Partial cochlear obstruction is a relatively common finding in candidates for cochlear implants and frequently involves the inferior segment of the scala tympani in the basal turn of the cochlea. In such patients, the scala vestibuli is often patent and offers an alternative site for implantation. The current report describes two patients with such partial obstruction of the inferior segment of the basal cochlear turn, caused in one case by systemic vasculitis (Takayasu's disease) and in the other by obliterative otosclerosis. A scala vestibuli implantation allowed for complete insertion of the electrode array. No problems were encountered during the surgical procedures and the good post-operative hearing and communicative outcomes achieved were similar to those reported in patients without cochlear ossification. The importance of accurate pre-operative radiological study of the inner ear is underscored, to disclose the presence and define the features of the cochlear ossification and ultimately to properly plan the surgical approach.

Uncommon case of symmetrical fibrous hyperplasia of the hard palate.

PubMed

Di Lorenzo, S; Milia, A; Corradino, B; Cordova, A

2010-02-01

The fibrous hyperplasia of the palate (fibroma) is a benign tumor which has its origin in the soft tissue and whose frequency is estimated to be 1.2% on adult subjects. Rarely the size exceeds the cm, but in these cases a complaint of increasing difficulty of mastication and swallowing appears. We describe the case of a young white woman affected with two peculiar symmetric lesions of the secondary hard palate, that could be the consequence of an abnormal answer to a chronic inflammatory stimulation.

Endocranial Casts of Pre-Mammalian Therapsids Reveal an Unexpected Neurological Diversity at the Deep Evolutionary Root of Mammals.

PubMed

Benoit, Julien; Fernandez, Vincent; Manger, Paul R; Rubidge, Bruce S

2017-01-01

The origin and evolution of the mammalian brain has long been the focus of scientific enquiry. Conversely, little research has focused on the palaeoneurology of the stem group of Mammaliaformes, the Permian and Triassic non-mammaliaform Therapsida (NMT). This is because the majority of the NMT have a non-ossified braincase, making the study of their endocranial cast (sometimes called the "fossil brain") problematic. Thus, descriptions of the morphology and size of NMT endocranial casts have been based largely on approximations rather than reliable determination. Accordingly, here we use micro-CT scans of the skulls of 1 Dinocephalia and 3 Biarmosuchia, which are NMT with a fully ossified braincase and thus a complete endocast. For the first time, our work enables the accurate determination of endocranial shape and size in NMT. This study suggests that NMT brain size falls in the upper range of the reptilian and amphibian variation. Brain size in the dicynodont Kawingasaurus is equivalent to that of early Mammaliaformes, whereas the Dinocephalia show evidence of a secondary reduction of brain size. In addition, unlike other NMT in which the endocast has a tubular shape and its parts are arranged in a linear manner, the biarmosuchian endocast is strongly flexed at the level of the midbrain, creating a near right angle between the fore- and hindbrain. These data highlight an unexpected diversity of endocranial size and morphology in NMT, features that are usually considered conservative in this group. © 2017 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Prenatal cranial ossification of the humpback whale (Megaptera novaeangliae).

PubMed

Hampe, Oliver; Franke, Helena; Hipsley, Christy A; Kardjilov, Nikolay; Müller, Johannes

2015-05-01

Being descendants of small terrestrial ungulate mammals, whales underwent enormous transformations during their evolutionary history, that is, extensive changes in anatomy, physiology, and behavior were evolved during secondary adaptations to life in water. However, still only little is known about whale ontogenetic development, which help to identify the timing and sequence of critical evolutionary events, such as modification of the cetacean ear. This is particularly true for baleen whales (Mysticeti), the group including the humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae. We use high-resolution X-ray computed tomography to reinvestigate humpback whale fetuses from the Kükenthal collection at the Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, thus, extending historic descriptions of their skeletogenesis and providing for the first time sequences of cranial ossification for this species. Principally, the ossification sequence of prenatal Megaptera follows a typical mammalian pattern with the anterior dermal bones being the first ossifying elements in the skull, starting with the dentary. In contrast to other mammals, the ectotympanic bone ossifies at an early stage. Alveolar structure can be observed in both the maxillae and dentaries in these early prenatal specimens but evidence for teeth is lacking. Although the possibility of obtaining new embryological material is unlikely due to conservation issues, our study shows that reexamination of existing specimens employing new technologies still holds promise for filling gaps in our knowledge of whale evolution and ontogeny. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Automatic Fontanel Extraction from Newborns' CT Images Using Variational Level Set

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kazemi, Kamran; Ghadimi, Sona; Lyaghat, Alireza; Tarighati, Alla; Golshaeyan, Narjes; Abrishami-Moghaddam, Hamid; Grebe, Reinhard; Gondary-Jouet, Catherine; Wallois, Fabrice

A realistic head model is needed for source localization methods used for the study of epilepsy in neonates applying Electroencephalographic (EEG) measurements from the scalp. The earliest models consider the head as a series of concentric spheres, each layer corresponding to a different tissue whose conductivity is assumed to be homogeneous. The results of the source reconstruction depend highly on the electric conductivities of the tissues forming the head.The most used model is constituted of three layers (scalp, skull, and intracranial). Most of the major bones of the neonates’ skull are ossified at birth but can slightly move relative to each other. This is due to the sutures, fibrous membranes that at this stage of development connect the already ossified flat bones of the neurocranium. These weak parts of the neurocranium are called fontanels. Thus it is important to enter the exact geometry of fontaneles and flat bone in a source reconstruction because they show pronounced in conductivity. Computer Tomography (CT) imaging provides an excellent tool for non-invasive investigation of the skull which expresses itself in high contrast to all other tissues while the fontanels only can be identified as absence of bone, gaps in the skull formed by flat bone. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to extract the fontanels from CT images applying a variational level set method. We applied the proposed method to CT-images of five different subjects. The automatically extracted fontanels show good agreement with the manually extracted ones.

Clinical features and histological description of tongue lesions in a large Northern Italian population

PubMed Central

Carbone, Mario; Arduino, Paolo-Giacomo; Carrozzo, Marco; Conrotto, Davide; Tanteri, Carlotta; Carbone, Lucio; Elia, Alessandra; Maragon, Zaira; Broccoletti, Roberto

2015-01-01

Background Only few studies on tongue lesions considered sizable populations, and contemporary literature does not provide a valid report regarding the epidemiology of tongue lesions within the Italian population. In this report, the histopathological and clinical appearance of 1.106 tongue lesions from northern Italians are described and discussed. Material and Methods The case records of patients referred for the diagnosis and management of tongue lesions, from October 1993 to October 2013, were reviewed. Histological data were also obtained and blindly reexamined. Results For instance, a biopsy performed on a lingual ulcer has a strong predicting association with a carcinoma, whereas a biopsy on a white lesion predicts for a leukoplakia or oral lichen planus. Moreover, a biopsy of erosion is representative of bullous diseases, whereas a biopsy on a verrucous-papillary lesion is significant for fibroma. Furthermore, carcinomas occur in the majority of cases on the lingual edge or pelvis, oral lichen planus is mainly seen on the edge, and fibromas mostly on the lingual tip. Conclusions The high frequency of tongue involvement of such different diseases emphasizes the importance of histological characterization and that some diseases occur more frequently than others, with a peculiar clinical aspect and a more common area. In fact our survey can help the clinician in advancing diagnostic hypothesis, on the basis of the elementary lesion and its site of involvement. Key words:Tongue lesions, clinical appearance, histological description. PMID:26241456

Improvement of tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) skin tumors during long-term treatment with oral sirolimus.

PubMed

Nathan, Neera; Wang, Ji-an; Li, Shaowei; Cowen, Edward W; Haughey, Mary; Moss, Joel; Darling, Thomas N

2015-11-01

Oral mechanistic target of rapamycin inhibitors have been shown to reduce visceral tumor volume in patients with tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). We sought to evaluate the cutaneous response to oral sirolimus in patients with TSC and an indication for systemic treatment, including long-term effects. A retrospective analysis of 14 adult patients with TSC prescribed sirolimus to treat lymphangioleiomyomatosis was performed. Serial photographs of angiofibromas, shagreen patches, and ungual fibromas taken before, during, and after the treatment period were blinded, then assessed using the Physician Global Assessment of Clinical Condition (PGA). Microscopic and molecular studies were performed on skin tumors harvested before and during treatment. Sirolimus significantly improved angiofibromas (median treatment duration 12 months; median PGA score 4.5 [range 1.5-5]; Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = .018) and shagreen patches (median treatment duration 10 months; median PGA score 4.5 [range 3.5-5]; Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = .039), whereas ungual fibromas improved in some patients (median treatment duration 6.5 months; median PGA score 4.66 [range 2.75-5]; Wilcoxon signed rank test, P = .109). Clinical, immunohistochemical, or molecular evidence of resistance was not observed (range 5-64 months of treatment). This was a retrospective analysis limited to adult women with lymphangioleiomyomatosis. Oral sirolimus is an effective long-term therapy for TSC skin tumors, particularly angiofibromas, in patients for whom systemic treatment is indicated. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Patient-specific 3D microfluidic tissue model for multiple myeloma.

PubMed

Zhang, Wenting; Lee, Woo Y; Siegel, David S; Tolias, Peter; Zilberberg, Jenny

2014-08-01

In vitro culturing of primary multiple myeloma cells (MMC) has been a major challenge as this plasma cell malignancy depends on the bone marrow environment for its survival. Using a microfluidic platform to emulate the dynamic physiology of the bone marrow microenvironment, we report here a new approach for culturing difficult to preserve primary human MMC. The system uses a three-dimensional ossified tissue to mimic the tumor niche and recapitulate interactions between bone marrow cells and osteoblasts (OSB). To this end, the human fetal OSB cell line hFOB 1.19 was cultured in an eight-chamber microfluidic culture device to facilitate the seeding of mononuclear cells from bone marrow aspirates from three multiple myeloma patients. Optical microscopy, used for real-time monitoring of mononuclear cell interactions with the ossified tissue, confirmed that these are drawn toward the OSB layer. After 3 weeks, cocultures were characterized by flow cytometry to evaluate the amount of expansion of primary MMC (with CD138(+) and CD38(+)CD56(+) phenotypes) in this system. For each of the three patients analyzed, bone marrow mononuclear cells underwent, on an average, 2 to 5 expansions; CD38(+)CD56(+) cells underwent 1 to 3 expansions and CD138(+) cells underwent 2.5 to 4.6 expansions. This approach is expected to provide a new avenue that can facilitate: (1) testing of personalized therapeutics for multiple myeloma patients; (2) evaluation of new drugs without the need for costly animal models; and (3) studying the biology of multiple myeloma, and in particular, the mechanisms responsible for drug resistance and relapse.

Addition of instrumented fusion after posterior decompression surgery suppresses thickening of ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament of the cervical spine.

PubMed

Ota, Mitsutoshi; Furuya, Takeo; Maki, Satoshi; Inada, Taigo; Kamiya, Koshiro; Ijima, Yasushi; Saito, Junya; Takahashi, Kazuhisa; Yamazaki, Masashi; Aramomi, Masaaki; Mannoji, Chikato; Koda, Masao

2016-12-01

Laminoplasty (LMP) is a widely accepted surgical procedure for ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) of the cervical spine. Progression of OPLL can occur in the long term after LMP. The aim of the present study was to determine whether addition of the instrumented fusion, (posterior decompression with instrumented fusion [PDF]), can suppress progression of OPLL or not. The present study included 50 patients who underwent LMP (n=23) or PDF (n=27) for OPLL of the cervical spine. We performed open door laminoplasty. PDF surgery was performed by double-door laminoplasty followed by instrumented fusion. We observed the non-ossified segment of the OPLL and measured the thickness of the OPLL at the thickest segment with pre- and postoperative sagittal CT multi-planar reconstruction images. Postoperative CT scan revealed fusion of the non-ossified segment of the OPLL was obtained in 4/23 patients (17%) in the LPM group and in 23/27 patients (85%) in the PDF group, showing a significant difference between both groups (p=0.003). Progression of the thickness of the OPLL in the PDF group (-0.1±0.4mm) was significantly smaller than in the LMP group (0.6±0.7mm, p=0.0002). The proportion of patients showing the decrease in thickness of OPLL was significantly larger in the PDF group (6/27 patients; 22%) than in the LMP group (0/23 patients; 0%, p=0.05). In conclusion, PDF surgery can suppress the thickening of OPLL. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Skeletal Morphogenesis of Microbrachis and Hyloplesion (Tetrapoda: Lepospondyli), and Implications for the Developmental Patterns of Extinct, Early Tetrapods

PubMed Central

Olori, Jennifer C.

2015-01-01

The ontogeny of extant amphibians often is used as a model for that of extinct early tetrapods, despite evidence for a spectrum of developmental modes in temnospondyls and a paucity of ontogenetic data for lepospondyls. I describe the skeletal morphogenesis of the extinct lepospondyls Microbrachis pelikani and Hyloplesion longicostatum using the largest samples examined for either taxon. Nearly all known specimens were re-examined, allowing for substantial anatomical revisions that affect the scoring of characters commonly used in phylogenetic analyses of early tetrapods. The palate of H. longicostatum is re-interpreted and suggested to be more similar to that of M. pelikani, especially in the nature of the contact between the pterygoids. Both taxa possess lateral lines, and M. pelikani additionally exhibits branchial plates. However, early and rapid ossification of the postcranial skeleton, including a well-developed pubis and ossified epipodials, suggests that neither taxon metamorphosed nor were they neotenic in the sense of branchiosaurids and salamanders. Morphogenetic patterns in the foot suggest that digit 5 was developmentally delayed and the final digit to ossify in M. pelikani and H. longicostatum. Overall patterns of postcranial ossification may indicate postaxial dominance in limb and digit formation, but also more developmental variation in early tetrapods than has been appreciated. The phylogenetic position and developmental patterns of M. pelikani and H. longicostatum are congruent with the hypothesis that early tetrapods lacked metamorphosis ancestrally and that stem-amniotes exhibited derived features of development, such as rapid and complete ossification of the skeleton, potentially prior to the evolution of the amniotic egg. PMID:26083733

Skeletal pathology and variable anatomy in elephant feet assessed using computed tomography

PubMed Central

Dixon, Jonathon J.I.; Warren-Smith, Chris; Hutchinson, John R.; Weller, Renate

2017-01-01

Foot problems are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in elephants, but are underreported due to difficulties in diagnosis, particularly of conditions affecting the bones and internal structures. Here we evaluate post-mortem computer tomographic (CT) scans of 52 feet from 21 elephants (seven African Loxodonta africana and 14 Asian Elephas maximus), describing both pathology and variant anatomy (including the appearance of phalangeal and sesamoid bones) that could be mistaken for disease. We found all the elephants in our study to have pathology of some type in at least one foot. The most common pathological changes observed were bone remodelling, enthesopathy, osseous cyst-like lesions, and osteoarthritis, with soft tissue mineralisation, osteitis, infectious osteoarthriti, subluxation, fracture and enostoses observed less frequently. Most feet had multiple categories of pathological change (81% with two or more diagnoses, versus 10% with a single diagnosis, and 9% without significant pathology). Much of the pathological change was focused over the middle/lateral digits, which bear most weight and experience high peak pressures during walking. We found remodelling and osteoarthritis to be correlated with increasing age, more enthesopathy in Asian elephants, and more cyst-like lesions in females. We also observed multipartite, missing and misshapen phalanges as common and apparently incidental findings. The proximal (paired) sesamoids can appear fused or absent, and the predigits (radial/tibial sesamoids) can be variably ossified, though are significantly more ossified in Asian elephants. Our study reinforces the need for regular examination and radiography of elephant feet to monitor for pathology and as a tool for improving welfare. PMID:28123909

Temporal activation of β-catenin signaling in the chondrogenic process of mesenchymal stem cells affects the phenotype of the cartilage generated.

PubMed

Yang, Zheng; Zou, Yu; Guo, Xi Min; Tan, Hwee San; Denslin, Vinitha; Yeow, Chen Hua; Ren, Xia Fei; Liu, Tong Ming; Hui, James Hp; Lee, Eng Hin

2012-07-20

Adult mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are an attractive cell source for cartilage tissue engineering. In vitro predifferentiation of MSCs has been explored as a means to enhance MSC-based articular cartilage repair. However, there remain challenges to control and prevent the premature progression of MSC-derived chondrocytes to the hypertrophy. This study investigated the temporal effect of transforming growth factor (TGF)-β and β-catenin signaling co-activation during MSC chondrogenic differentiation and evaluated the influence of these predifferentiation conditions to subsequent phenotypic development of the cartilage. MSCs were differentiated in chondrogenic medium that contained either TGFβ alone, TGFβ with transient β-catenin coactivation, or TGFβ with continuous β-catenin coactivation. After in vitro differentiation, the pellets were transplanted into SCID mice. Both coactivation protocols resulted in the enhancement of chondrogenic differentiation of MSCs. Compared with TGFβ activation, transient coactivation of TGFβ-induction with β-catenin activation resulted in heightened hypertrophy and formed highly ossified tissues with marrow-like hematopoietic tissue in vivo. The continuous coactivation of the 2 signaling pathways, however, resulted in inhibition of progression to hypertrophy, marked by the suppression of type X collagen, Runx2, and alkaline phosphatase expression, and did not result in ossified tissue in vivo. Chondrocytes of the continuous co-activation samples secreted significantly more parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and expressed cyclin D1. Our results suggest that temporal co-activation of the TGFβ signaling pathway with β-catenin can yield cartilage of different phenotype, represents a potential MSC predifferentiation protocol before clinical implantation, and has potential applications for the engineering of cartilage tissue.

A developmental staging series for the African house snake, Boaedon (Lamprophis) fuliginosus.

PubMed

Boback, Scott M; Dichter, Eric K; Mistry, Hemlata L

2012-02-01

Embryonic staging series are important tools in the study of morphological evolution as they establish a common standard for future studies. In this study, we describe the in ovo embryological development of the African house snake (Boaedon fuliginosus), a non-venomous, egg-laying species within the superfamily Elapoidea. We develop our staging series based on external morphology of the embryo including the head, eye, facial prominences, pharyngeal slits, heart, scales, and endolymphatic ducts. An analysis of embryonic growth in length and mass is presented, as well as preliminary data on craniofacial skeletal development. Our results indicate that B. fuliginosus embryos are well into organogenesis but lack well-defined facial prominences at the time of oviposition. Mandibular and maxillary processes extend rostrally within 8 days (stage 3), corresponding to the first appearance of Meckel's cartilages. Overall, the development of the craniofacial skeleton in B. fuliginosus appears similar to that of other snake species with intramembraneous bones (e.g., dentary and compound bones) ossifying before most of the endochondral bones, the first of which to ossify are the quadrate and the otic capsule. Our staging series is the first to describe the post-ovipositional development of a non-venomous elapoid based on external morphology. This species is an extremely tractable captive that can produce large clutches of eggs every 45 days throughout the year. As such, B. fuliginosus should be a good model for evolutionary developmental biologists focusing on the craniofacial skeleton, loss of limbs, generational teeth, and venom delivery systems. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

18F-NaF PET/CT in Extensive Melorheostosis of the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton With Soft-Tissue Involvement.

PubMed

Papadakis, Georgios Z; Jha, Smita; Bhattacharyya, Timothy; Millo, Corina; Tu, Tsang-Wei; Bagci, Ulas; Marias, Kostas; Karantanas, Apostolos H; Patronas, Nicholas J

2017-07-01

Melorheostosis is a rare, nonhereditary, benign, sclerotic bone dysplasia with no sex predilection, typically occurring in late childhood or early adulthood, which can lead to substantial functional morbidity, depending on the sites of involvement. We report on a patient with extensive melorheostosis in the axial and appendicular skeleton, as well as in the soft tissues, who was evaluated with whole-body F-NaF PET/CT scan. All melorheostotic lesions of the skeleton and of the ossified soft-tissue masses demonstrated intensely increased F-NaF activity, suggesting the application of this modality in assessing and monitoring the disease activity.

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma of the upper jaw: Report of a rare case with long-term follow-up

PubMed Central

Khalili, Maryam; Shakib, Pouyan Amini

2013-01-01

Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare malignant mixed odontogenic tumor which is usually considered as the malignant counterpart of ameloblastic fibroma. Only mesenchymal component represents sarcomatous alterations and ameloblast-like epithelial nest remains bland in AFS. Here, we report a case of AFS in a 26-year-old man in the maxilla, which was regarded as an uncommon location for this tumor. After 2 years follow up, no evidence of recurrence was noted. We also emphasize on comprehensive clinical, radiographic, and histopathologic evaluation of such patients rather than immunohistochemical staining to make an accurate diagnosis. PMID:23878574

Ameloblastic fibroodontoma or complex odontoma: Two faces of the same coin

PubMed Central

Singh, Akhilesh Kumar; Kar, Indu Bhusan; Mishra, Niranjan; Sharma, Parikshit

2016-01-01

An ameloblastic fibroodontoma (AFO) is a rare odontogenic tumor of mixed dental tissue origin. It exhibits histological features of ameloblastic fibroma and complex odontoma. AFOs are usually found to be asymptomatic and are most often discovered on routine radiography. Sometimes their presence is suspected due to missing permanent dentition. We report a case of an 18-year-old female patient with missing mandibular molars on the left side associated with a giant complex odontoma. Treatment included surgical excision of the tumor followed by reconstruction with iliac crest graft. Histopathological study revealed it as an AFO, to our surprise. PMID:28163488

Orbital chondroma rodens in a dog.

PubMed

Pletcher, J M; Koch, S A; Stedham, M A

1979-07-15

A chondroma rodens involving the superficial medial aspect of the right orbit was diagnosed in a 9-year-old dog referred because of chronic unilateral epiphora. Examination revealed several ophthalmic abnormalities attributable to a space-occupying mass in the superficial medial aspect of the orbit. The mass was excised; however, regrowths at the primary site necessitated additional surgical interventions. The dog was given radiation therapy, which provided encouraging results. Subtle histologic differences as well as differing epidemiologic features suggest that chondroma rodens is not analogous to the human entity of juvenile aponeurotic fibroma, to which it has been compared in the past.

A radiographic study of the ossification of the posterior wall of the acetabulum: implications for the diagnosis of pediatric and adolescent hip disorders.

PubMed

Fabricant, Peter D; Hirsch, Brandon P; Holmes, Ian; Kelly, Bryan T; Lorich, Dean G; Helfet, David L; Bogner, Eric A; Green, Daniel W

2013-02-06

Subtle variations in acetabular morphology have been implicated in several pathologic hip conditions. Although it is understood that the acetabulum forms at the junction of the ilium, ischium, and pubis at the triradiate cartilage, the ossification and development pattern of the posterior wall of the acetabulum is unknown. Standard radiographs and computed tomographic scans used in evaluation of the adolescent hip do not allow a complete assessment of the non-ossified portions of the developing acetabulum. The purpose of this study was to define the currently unknown ossification pattern and development of the posterior wall of the acetabulum and to determine when conventional imaging, with use of computed tomography and radiographs, is appropriate. One hundred and eighty magnetic resonance imaging examinations in patients who were four to fifteen years old were evaluated by a musculoskeletal radiologist for ossification patterns of the posterior wall of the acetabulum and triradiate cartilage. Correlations were made with available radiographs. Posterior acetabular wall ossification lags behind anterior wall ossification throughout development. On average, the posterior wall of the acetabulum began to ossify at the chronological age of eight years, followed by a discrete rim of posterior calcification (posterior rim sign) at the patient age of twelve years, just prior to the fusion of the posterior acetabular wall elements to the pelvis. This preceded the closure of the triradiate cartilage in all subjects. On average, male patients had fusion of the posterior wall of the acetabulum one to 1.5 years after female patients. The ossification of the posterior wall of the acetabulum is completed in a predictable manner prior to closure of the triradiate cartilage.

Characterization of proximal femoral anatomy in the skeletally-immature patient.

PubMed

Beutel, B G; Girdler, S J; Collins, J A; Otsuka, N Y; Chu, A

2018-04-01

The morphology of the proximal femur has been extensively studied in the adult population. However, no literature providing a comprehensive evaluation of the anatomy in paediatric patients exists. The current study aims to characterize such anatomy in skeletally-immature patients, examine potential differences between genders, and analyze how these anatomical parameters change with age. Cadaveric femurs from the Hamann-Todd Osteological Collection were examined. Specimens with open physes and no skeletal disease or deformity were included for analysis. Age and gender were recorded for each specimen. Each femur was photographed in standardized modified axial and anteroposterior views. In all, 14 proximal femoral anatomical parameters were measured from these photographs. Comparisons between genders and age were calculated. A total of 43 femurs from ages four to 17 years met inclusion criteria. The majority were female (56%); no difference existed in age between genders (p = 0.62). The specimens had a neutral mean neck-shaft angle (130.7º) and anteversion (12.8º), and the sphericity of the ossified femoral heads was symmetrical. Male specimens had significantly higher alpha angles (p = 0.01), posterior offset (p = 0.02), neck width (p = 0.04) and head-neck length ratio (p = 0.02) values than female specimens. Strong positive correlations exist between length/size parameters and age, while negligible correlations were noted for angular measurements. This study establishes reference values for a comprehensive list of anatomical parameters for the skeletally-immature ossified proximal femur. It highlights gender differences in morphology and demonstrates that angular characteristics remain relatively stable while length parameters generally increase with age. Level III Diagnostic.

Thanatophoric Dwarfism

PubMed Central

Shah, K.; Astley, R.; Cameron, A. H.

1973-01-01

A review of the radiographs of children previously classified as achondroplasiacs revealed six thanatophoric dwarfs. The main radiological differentiating features were the greater degree of shortening of the long bones, including the fibula, the curvature of the femora, the very small size of the thorax and, particularly, the very narrow ossified elements of the vertebral bodies. Perhaps the most important aspect of differential diagnosis lies in recognition in utero. The reported association with clover-leaf deformity of the skull in sibs provides the strongest evidence for genetic differentiation from classical achondroplasia. More evidence might be obtained by a widespread search through hospital radiological museums. Images PMID:4204337

Non-malignant Fibrosing Tumors in the Pediatric Hand: A Clinicopathologic Case Review

PubMed Central

Baumholtz, Michael A.; Popek, Edwina; Schneider, Adam M.

2008-01-01

Non-malignant fibrosing tumors in the pediatric hand or juvenile fibromatoses are clinically challenging because of their relatively infrequent occurrence and because of the variety of names associated with these diseases. We conducted a review of a personal case series of pediatric patients with these tumors and discuss here the more common histologic types and clinical characteristics of the disease spectrum in the context of the available published literature. All histologic samples were reviewed by a single pathologist. Infantile myofibromatosis, fibrous hamartoma of infancy, juvenile aponeurotic fibromatosis, palmar fibromatosis (Dupuytren’s type), infantile digital fibromatosis (Reye’s tumor), fibroma of the tendon sheath, and melorheostosis represent the encountered lesions. PMID:19048350

Testicular thecoma in an 11-year-old boy with nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome).

PubMed

Ueda, Masakatsu; Kanematsu, Akihiro; Nishiyama, Hiroyuki; Yoshimura, Koji; Watanabe, Kenichiro; Yorifuji, Tohru; Mikami, Yoshiki; Kamoto, Toshiyuki; Ogawa, Osamu

2010-03-01

We report a case of testicular thecoma in an 11-year-old Japanese boy with nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (Gorlin syndrome). He presented with left testicular swelling and underwent a radical orchiectomy on suspicion of a malignant paratesticular tumor. The tumor arose from the testis exophytically and was diagnosed as a thecoma histopathologically. Ovarian thecoma-fibroma group tumors are closely associated with Gorlin syndrome or with abnormalities in PTCH, a candidate gene for the syndrome. The occurrence of an extremely rare testicular thecoma in this case (the second in the literature) suggests that such an etiological association may also exist in the pathogenesis of testicular tumors.

Metachronous T-Lymphoblastic Lymphoma and Burkitt Lymphoma in a Child With Constitutional Mismatch Repair Deficiency Syndrome.

PubMed

Alexander, Thomas B; McGee, Rose B; Kaye, Erica C; McCarville, Mary Beth; Choi, John K; Cavender, Cary P; Nichols, Kim E; Sandlund, John T

2016-08-01

Constitutional mismatch repair deficiency (CMMRD) is a cancer predisposition syndrome associated with a high risk of developing early-onset malignancies of the blood, brain, and intestinal tract. We present the case of a patient with T-lymphoblastic lymphoma at the age of 3 years, followed by Burkitt lymphoma 10 years later. This patient also exhibited numerous nonmalignant findings including café au lait spots, lipomas, bilateral renal nodules, a nonossifying fibroma, multiple colonic adenomas, and a rapidly enlarging pilomatrixoma. The spectrum of malignant and nonmalignant neoplasms in this patient highlights the remarkable diversity, and early onset, of lesions seen in children with CMMRD. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Granulocytic sarcoma of the breast in acute myeloid leukemia: Two case reports

PubMed Central

FU, JIANFEI; LUO, JIANSHENG

2014-01-01

Granulocytic sarcoma (GS) of the breast is extremely rare in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and therefore, is often misdiagnosed as lymphoma or other benign tumors. The current report presents two cases of GS of the breast, of which, one was considered to be a fibroma, as observed by fine-needle aspiration, and the other was misdiagnosed as lymphoma by frozen section. Previous literature that described the clinical and pathological characteristics, treatments and prognosis of GS of the breast in AML were reviewed. In addition to the treatment of mastectomy with/without radiotherapy, lumpectomy may also be received as a good treatment plan. PMID:24348837

Tumours of the soft (mesenchymal) tissues

PubMed Central

Weiss, E.

1974-01-01

This is a classification of tumours of fibrous tissue, fat, muscle, blood and lymph vessels, and mast cells, irrespective of the region of the body in which they arise. Tumours of fibrous tissue are divided into fibroma, fibrosarcoma (including “canine haemangiopericytoma”), other sarcomas, equine sarcoid, and various tumour-like lesions. The histological appearance of the tumours is described and illustrated with photographs. ImagesFig. 1Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 9Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 17Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 5Fig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 13Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16 PMID:4371740

Vaccination strategies against myxomavirus infections: are we really doing the best?

PubMed

Marlier, D

2010-03-01

Vaccination is the best way to control myxomatosis in both pet and production rabbits. Two types of myxomatosis vaccines are commercially available, namely, a vaccine prepared from the Shope fibroma virus (SFV) and one prepared from an attenuated myxoma virus (MV) strain, e.g., SG33. The first one is weakly immunogenic and provides only short-term protection whereas atypical reactions have been described with the second one. This short review describes the vaccine strains and provides some data on the host-virus relationship, resistance, and immunity in myxomatosis. In the last section, recommended myxomatosis vaccination schemes for production and pet animals are presented.

Avulsion fracture of an ossified pes anserinus tendon post-lateral patellar dislocation.

PubMed

Albtoush, Omar M; Taib, Abtehag A; Horger, Marius; Springer, Fabian

2018-05-01

The pes anserinus is a common tendon comprising the tendinous insertions of the sartorius, gracilis, and semitendinosus muscles. It inserts at the anteromedial aspect of the tibia and plays a significant role in stabilization of the medial side of the knee joint. The current article presents a case with recurrent lateral patellar dislocations causing chronic stress along the medial knee stabilizers and consecutive enthesophyte formation at the insertion of the pes anserinus tendon that showed a transverse fracture upon a subsequent incident of traumatic lateral patellar dislocation. Avulsion injuries of the pes anserinus tendon are rarely encountered, and to our knowledge, association with recurrent lateral patellar dislocations has not been described before.

Radiographic predictors for the development of myelopathy in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: a multicenter cohort study.

PubMed

Matsunaga, Shunji; Nakamura, Kozo; Seichi, Atsushi; Yokoyama, Toru; Toh, Satoshi; Ichimura, Shoichi; Satomi, Kazuhiko; Endo, Kenji; Yamamoto, Kengo; Kato, Yoshiharu; Ito, Tatsuo; Tokuhashi, Yasuaki; Uchida, Kenzo; Baba, Hisatoshi; Kawahara, Norio; Tomita, Katsuro; Matsuyama, Yukihiro; Ishiguro, Naoki; Iwasaki, Motoki; Yoshikawa, Hideki; Yonenobu, Kazuo; Kawakami, Mamoru; Yoshida, Munehito; Inoue, Shinsuke; Tani, Toshikazu; Kaneko, Kazuo; Taguchi, Toshihiko; Imakiire, Takanori; Komiya, Setsuro

2008-11-15

A multicenter cohort study was performed retrospectively. To identify radiographic predictors for the development of myelopathy in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligaments (OPLL). The pathomechanism of myelopathy in the OPLL remains unknown. Some patients with large OPLL have not exhibited myelopathy for a long periods of time. Predicting the course of future neurologic deterioration in asyptomatic patients with OPLL is difficult at their initial visit. A total of 156 OPLL patients from 16 spine institutes with an average of 10.3 years of follow-up were reviewed. Subjects underwent a plain roentgenogram, computed tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance imaging of the cervical spine during the follow-up. The trauma history of the cervical spine, maximum percentage of spinal canal stenosis in a plain roentgenogram and CT, range of motion of the cervical spine, and axial ossified pattern in magnetic resonance imaging or CT were reviewed in relation to the existence of myelopathy. All 39 patients with greater than 60% spinal canal stenosis on the plain roentgenogram exhibited myelopathy. Of 117 patients with less than 60% spinal canal stenosis, 57 (49%) patients exhibited myelopathy. The range of motion of the cervical spine was significantly larger in patients with myelopathy than in those of without it. The axial ossified pattern could be classified into 2 types: a central type and a lateral deviated type. The incidence of myelopathy in patients with less than 60% spinal canal stenosis was significantly higher in the lateral deviated-type group than in the central-type group. Fifteen patients of 156 subjects developed trauma-induced myelopathy. Of the 15 patients, 13 had mixed-type OPLL and 2 had segmental-type OPLL. Static and dynamic factors were related to the development of myelopathy in OPLL.

Osteosarcoma subtypes: Magnetic resonance and quantitative diffusion weighted imaging criteria.

PubMed

Zeitoun, Rania; Shokry, Ahmed M; Ahmed Khaleel, Sahar; Mogahed, Shaimaa M

2018-03-01

Osteosarcoma (OS) is a primary bone malignancy, characterized by spindle cells producing osteoid. The objective of this study is to describe the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) features of different OS subtypes, record their attenuation diffusion coefficient (ADC) values and to point to the relation of their pathologic base and their corresponding ADC value. We performed a retrospective observational lesion-based analysis for 31 pathologically proven osteosarcoma subtypes: osteoblastic (n = 9), fibroblastic (n = 8), chondroblastic (n = 6), para-osteal (n = 3), periosteal (n = 1), telangiectatic (n = 2), small cell (n = 1) and extra-skeletal (n = 1). On conventional images we recorded: bone of origin, epicenter, intra-articular extension, and invasion of articulating bones, skip lesions, distant metastases, pathological fractures, ossified matrix, hemorrhage and necrosis. We measured the mean ADC value for each lesion. Among the included OS lesions, 51.6% originated at the femur, 29% showed intra-articular extension, 16% invaded neighboring bone, 9% were associated with pathological fracture and 25.8% were associated with distant metastases. On MRI, all lesions showed ossified matrix, 35.5% showed hemorrhage and 58% showed necrosis. The mean ADC values for OS lesions ranged from 0.74 × 10 -3  mm 2 /s (recorded for conventional osteoblastic OS) to 1.50 × 10 -3  mm 2 /s (recorded for telangiectatic OS) with an average value of 1.16 ± 0.18 × 10 -3  mm 2 /s. Conventional chondroblastic OS recorded higher values compared to the other two conventional subtypes. Osteosarcoma has different pathologic subtypes which correspondingly vary in their imaging criteria and their ADC values. Copyright © 2018. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V.

Evaluation of late redislocation in patients who underwent open reduction and pelvic osteotomy as treament for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

PubMed

Tuhanioğlu, Ümit; Cicek, Hakan; Ogur, Hasan U; Seyfettinoglu, Firat; Kapukaya, Ahmet

2017-10-16

The goal in the treatment of developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is to achieve a stable and concentric reduction and to create a congruent relationship between the femoral head and the acetabulum. This study discusses the causes of loss of reduction in DDH patients who had a concentrically reduced hip at the time of removal of the hip spica cast and cessation of brace use and who later appeared with hip redislocation after mobilisation and ambulation. In addition, the possible interventions in such cases are also discussed. A retrospective evaluation was made of 13 patients diagnosed with DDH who developed redislocation following primary surgery. 6 of them had undergone the 1st surgery in our department between 2008 and 2016 and 7 had udergone surgery in another centre. For comparison reasons a 2nd group was formed of 13 demographically and clinically matched patients who had no loss of reduction. The groups were compared in terms of acetabular index, pelvic length, pelvic width, abduction degree of plaster, ossifying nucleus diameter, acetabular depth, and acetabular volume parameters. The average age of the patients was 23 months at initial surgery and 29 months at the time of revision surgery. No significant difference was found between the groups in terms of acetabular inclination angle, ossifying nucleus diameter, pelvic size, pelvic width, centre edge angle, acetabular volume, and depth. Contracted inferomedial capsule was found in 1 patient who underwent revision surgery and intact transverse acetabular ligament was seen in 1 patient. The loss of reduction in the remaining 11 patients was associated with high total anteversion of the femoral head and acetabulum. Correction of increased combined anteversion by femoral osteotomy can create a safe zone in terms of redislocation and can significantly contribute to the stability provided by capsulorrhaphy and pelvic osteotomy.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and neoplasms: a case study.

PubMed

Lopes, Nilza N F; Caran, Eliana M; Lee, Maria Lucia; Silva, Nasjla Saba; Rocha, André Caroli; Macedo, Carla R D

2010-01-01

Gorlin syndrome is a rare autosomal dominant disorder exhibiting high penetrance and variable expressivity. It is characterized by facial dysmorphism, skeletal anomalies, multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts (OKC), palmar and plantar pits, bifid ribs, vertebral anomalies and a variety of other malformations. Various neoplasms, such as medulloblastomas, meningiomas, ovarian and cardiac fibromas are also found in this syndrome. To describe a twelve-year-old patient with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome, with basal cell carcinomas and promyelocytic leukemia developed after receiving craniospinal radiation for a medulloblastoma. Bifid ribs as well as mandibular and maxillar OKC were also diagnosed Conclusion: The patient with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome should receive close follow-up for early detection of malformations nd malignant neoplasias.

Management of unerupted maxillary deciduous central incisor: a case report.

PubMed

Shakra, Karam Abu

2014-01-01

Failure of eruption of primary teeth can be considered rare, especially in maxillary anterior teeth. The problem can be either mechanical obstruction of eruption or a failure of the eruption mechanism. This case report presents failure of eruption of the maxillary right deciduous central incisor in a 4-year-old girl. The unerupted primary tooth was removed surgically. The histological finding revealed fibroma with reactive giant cells. Periodic follow-up visits were advised to monitor the developing dentition and to ensure enough space for the permanent incisor. How to cite this article: Shakra KA. Management of Unerupted Maxillary Deciduous Central Incisor: A Case Report. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2014;7(1):58-60.

A delayed presentation of ameloblastic fibrosarcoma in an African patient.

PubMed

Chauke, Nkhensani Yvonne; Sofianos, Chrysis; Liakos, Dimitri; Ndobe, Elias

2017-08-01

A 24-year-old womanpresented with ameloblastic fibrosarcoma arising from ameloblastic fibroma. The delayed presentation accounted for the extensive destruction of the mandible and complete occlusion of her oral cavity. This resulted in an inability to eat and maintain oral hygiene. A multidisciplinary team management approach involved nutritional optimisation, segmental mandibulectomy, reconstruction with a reconstructive plate and a free anterolateral thigh flap to line the the floor of mouth. Functional and aesthetic outcome was acceptable, and the patient is planned for secondary free fibular flap bony reconstruction. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Study on application of optical clearing technique in skin diseases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shan, Hao; Liang, Yanmei; Wang, Jingyi; Li, Yan

2012-11-01

So far, the study of the optical clearing is almost always about healthy tissue. However, the ultimate goal is to detect diseases for clinical application. Optical clearing on diseased skins is explored. The effect is evaluated by applying a combined liquid paraffin and glycerol mixed solution on several kinds of diseased skins in vitro. Scanning experiments from optical coherence tomography show that it has different effects among fibroma, pigmented nevus, and seborrheic keratosis. Based on the results, we conclude that different skin diseases have different compositions and structures, and their optical parameters and biological characteristics should be different, which implies that the optical clearing technique may have selectivity and may not be suitable for all kinds of skin diseases.

[Generalized congenital fibromatosis (author's transl)].

PubMed

Larrègue, M; Poitou, C; Bressieux, J P; de Giacomoni, P; Vant, F

1977-05-01

About a spontaneously regressive case of osteo-cutaneous congenital fibromatosis, the authors describe the characteristics of the disease (32 observations). Although the majority of cases are sporadic, 3 familial observations are in favour of a dominant autosomal transmission of low penetrance. Study of the familial cases and analysis of the different localisations demonstrate the unicity of the so-called diffuse forms with visceral involvement and of the so-called generalized forms without visceral involvement congenital fibromatosis is characterized by several fibromas at birth: in two-thirds of the cases, it is a purely cutaneous or osteocutaneous form, which disappears spontaneously; in one third of the cases, it is a cutaneous or osteo-cutaneous form with lethal visceral involvement.

Growth and differentiation of mammalian embryonic tissues exposed to hypergravity in vivo and in vitro

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duke, J.; Janer, L.; Moore, J.

1985-01-01

Decreased cartilage areas in embryonic limbs developing under excess g in vitro, is reported, as well as delayed skeletal development in embryos and fetuses exposed to excess g in utero. 12.5-day mouse limb buds were cultured at 2.6 g, and fixed at two days and six days of culture. In vivo experiments used alizarin-stained 18-day fetuses exposed to 2.3 g. In all studies, cartilage areas were determined using a digitized tablet. Form factor analysis determined that the main effect of in vitro centrifugation was a reduction in length of the limb elements, probably due to the precocious chondrogenesis seen in the upper regions of centrifuged limbs. Similar reductions in length of ossified areas was seen in the in utero studies.

[Malignant mesothelioma of the vulva. About one case].

PubMed

Bahri, I; Boudawara, T; Zitoun, I; Daoud, J; Rekik, S; Jlidi, R

2003-09-01

Most malignant mesotheliomas are pleural; they rarely occur within the peritoneum and their location in the vulva is exceptional. A case of a malignant mesothelioma of the vulva is reported in a 47-year-old woman. The patient was operated for a tumour of the vulva. The preoperative diagnosis was that of a cyst of the Bartholin's gland or a fibroma. The microscopic and immunohistochemical exam confirmed the diagnosis of a biphasic malignant mesothelioma of the vulva. The computed tomography scan of the chest and the abdomen was normal. A local recurrence of the tumour occurred in spite of the postoperative radiotherapy. Our objective about this particular case is to discuss the clinical and pathologic aspects and the diagnostic problems of this exceptional tumour of the vulva.

Gingival leiomyomatous hamartoma of the maxilla: a rare entity

PubMed Central

Raghunath, Vandana; Manjunatha, Bhari Sharanesha; Al-Thobaiti, Yasser

2016-01-01

Hamartoma is a tumour-like malformation appearing as a focal overgrowth of normal cells. Leiomyomatous hamartomas (LHs) are rare in the oral cavity and commonly seen in the Japanese and less than 40 cases have been reported in the Japanese and English literature. The clinical differential diagnoses are irritational (traumatic) fibroma and congenital epulis. It has to be differentiated histopathologically from its neoplastic counterparts and mesenchymomas. Hence, we report such a case of LHs, which presented as a sessile gingival growth occurring in the midline in a 15-year-old girl. The final diagnosis was based on the histopathological appearance which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of various markers. A review of the literature of previous cases was also carried out. PMID:27161203

Gingival leiomyomatous hamartoma of the maxilla: a rare entity.

PubMed

Raghunath, Vandana; Manjunatha, Bhari Sharanesha; Al-Thobaiti, Yasser

2016-05-09

Hamartoma is a tumour-like malformation appearing as a focal overgrowth of normal cells. Leiomyomatous hamartomas (LHs) are rare in the oral cavity and commonly seen in the Japanese and less than 40 cases have been reported in the Japanese and English literature. The clinical differential diagnoses are irritational (traumatic) fibroma and congenital epulis. It has to be differentiated histopathologically from its neoplastic counterparts and mesenchymomas. Hence, we report such a case of LHs, which presented as a sessile gingival growth occurring in the midline in a 15-year-old girl. The final diagnosis was based on the histopathological appearance which was confirmed by immunohistochemical staining of various markers. A review of the literature of previous cases was also carried out. 2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.

Evolution of the patellar sesamoid bone in mammals

PubMed Central

Samuels, Mark E.; Regnault, Sophie

2017-01-01

The patella is a sesamoid bone located in the major extensor tendon of the knee joint, in the hindlimb of many tetrapods. Although numerous aspects of knee morphology are ancient and conserved among most tetrapods, the evolutionary occurrence of an ossified patella is highly variable. Among extant (crown clade) groups it is found in most birds, most lizards, the monotreme mammals and almost all placental mammals, but it is absent in most marsupial mammals as well as many reptiles. Here, we integrate data from the literature and first-hand studies of fossil and recent skeletal remains to reconstruct the evolution of the mammalian patella. We infer that bony patellae most likely evolved between four and six times in crown group Mammalia: in monotremes, in the extinct multituberculates, in one or more stem-mammal genera outside of therian or eutherian mammals and up to three times in therian mammals. Furthermore, an ossified patella was lost several times in mammals, not including those with absent hindlimbs: once or more in marsupials (with some re-acquisition) and at least once in bats. Our inferences about patellar evolution in mammals are reciprocally informed by the existence of several human genetic conditions in which the patella is either absent or severely reduced. Clearly, development of the patella is under close genomic control, although its responsiveness to its mechanical environment is also important (and perhaps variable among taxa). Where a bony patella is present it plays an important role in hindlimb function, especially in resisting gravity by providing an enhanced lever system for the knee joint. Yet the evolutionary origins, persistence and modifications of a patella in diverse groups with widely varying habits and habitats—from digging to running to aquatic, small or large body sizes, bipeds or quadrupeds—remain complex and perplexing, impeding a conclusive synthesis of form, function, development and genetics across mammalian evolution

Absence of Suction Feeding Ichthyosaurs and Its Implications for Triassic Mesopelagic Paleoecology

PubMed Central

Motani, Ryosuke; Ji, Cheng; Tomita, Taketeru; Kelley, Neil; Maxwell, Erin; Jiang, Da-yong; Sander, Paul Martin

2013-01-01

Mesozoic marine reptiles and modern marine mammals are often considered ecological analogs, but the extent of their similarity is largely unknown. Particularly important is the presence/absence of deep-diving suction feeders among Mesozoic marine reptiles because this would indicate the establishment of mesopelagic cephalopod and fish communities in the Mesozoic. A recent study suggested that diverse suction feeders, resembling the extant beaked whales, evolved among ichthyosaurs in the Triassic. However, this hypothesis has not been tested quantitatively. We examined four osteological features of jawed vertebrates that are closely linked to the mechanism of suction feeding, namely hyoid corpus ossification/calcification, hyobranchial apparatus robustness, mandibular bluntness, and mandibular pressure concentration index. Measurements were taken from 18 species of Triassic and Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs, including the presumed suction feeders. Statistical comparisons with extant sharks and marine mammals of known diets suggest that ichthyosaurian hyobranchial bones are significantly more slender than in suction-feeding sharks or cetaceans but similar to those of ram-feeding sharks. Most importantly, an ossified hyoid corpus to which hyoid retractor muscles attach is unknown in all but one ichthyosaur, whereas a strong integration of the ossified corpus and cornua of the hyobranchial apparatus has been identified in the literature as an important feature of suction feeders. Also, ichthyosaurian mandibles do not narrow rapidly to allow high suction pressure concentration within the oral cavity, unlike in beaked whales or sperm whales. In conclusion, it is most likely that Triassic and Early Jurassic ichthyosaurs were ‘ram-feeders’, without any beaked-whale-like suction feeder among them. When combined with the inferred inability for dim-light vision in relevant Triassic ichthyosaurs, the fossil record of ichthyosaurs does not suggest the establishment of modern

Long-term survival in pseudo-Meigs' syndrome caused by ovarian metastases from colon cancer.

PubMed

Tajima, Yosuke; Kameyama, Hitoshi; Yamada, Saki; Yagi, Ryoma; Nakano, Masato; Nagahashi, Masayuki; Shimada, Yoshifumi; Sakata, Jun; Kobayashi, Takashi; Umezu, Hajime; Wakai, Toshifumi

2016-11-14

Meigs' syndrome is defined as the co-existence of benign ovarian fibroma or fibroma-like tumor, ascites, and pleural effusion. In contrast, pseudo-Meigs' syndrome is defined as the co-existence of other ovarian or pelvic tumors, ascites, and pleural effusion. In Meigs' and pseudo-Meigs' syndromes, ascites and pleural effusion resolve promptly after the complete resection of the ovarian or pelvic tumor(s). Secondary ovarian tumors from colorectal gastrointestinal metastases rarely cause pseudo-Meigs' syndrome; only 11 cases of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome secondary to colorectal cancers have been reported in the literature. Therefore, the prognosis and etiology of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome caused by ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancers remain unclear. We report here a rare case of pseudo-Meigs' syndrome caused by ovarian metastases from sigmoid colon cancer with long-term survival. A 47-year-old woman presented with abdominal distention of 1-month duration. She developed acute dyspnea 2 weeks after the initial presentation. Colonoscopy and computed tomography revealed sigmoid colon cancer with an ovarian metastasis, along with massive ascites and bilateral pleural effusion. Emergency operation, including bilateral oophorectomy and sigmoidectomy, was performed. Subsequently, ascites and bilateral pleural effusion resolved rapidly. Curative hepatic resection was performed for liver metastases 29 months after the first operation, and as of this writing, the patient is alive with no evidence of a disease 78 months after the first operation. In general, colorectal cancer with ovarian metastasis is hard to cure, and long-term survival in patients with colorectal cancer with pseudo-Meigs' syndrome is rare. Our experience suggests that curative resection for pseudo-Meigs' syndrome caused by ovarian metastasis from colorectal cancer may offer long-term survival. Our experience suggests that pseudo-Meigs' syndrome can occur in a patient with colorectal cancer after metastasis

Ossification of transverse ligament of atlas causing cervical myelopathy: a case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Sasaji, Tatsuro; Kawahara, Chikashi; Matsumoto, Fujio

2011-01-01

A case of ossification of transverse ligament of atlas (TLA) is reported. A 76-year-old female suffered from a transverse type myelopathy was successfully treated by posterior decompression. Dynamic lateral plain radiographs showed irreducible atlantoaxial subluxation (AAS). A computed tomogram revealed ossified mass compatible to ossification of TLA. Coalition of the atlantooccipital joints and osteoarthritis of the atlantoaxial joints with degenerated dens was also revealed. Magnetic resonance imaging showed compressed spinal cord at C1 level by the ossification of TLA and AAS. We suggest a mechanism of ossification of TLA as follows: hypertrophied dens and stress to the atlantoaxial joints caused by coalition of atlantooccipital joints could make forward shift of atlas leading to irreducible AAS, and continuous tension given to TLA from irreducible AAS would result in hypertrophied and ossification of TLA.

Bilateral Ossified Chronic Subdural Hematoma Presenting as Diabetes Insipidus-Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Siddiqui, Saquib A; Singh, Pankaj Kumar; Sawarkar, Dattaraj; Singh, Manmohanjit; Sharma, Bhawani S

2017-02-01

Calcified chronic subdural hematomas are an occurrence rarely seen in neurosurgical clinical practice. And when they occur bilaterally, the radiologic image they present is fascinating, as is the clinical presentation, but their management may be challenging. They have been reported to present with a multitude of neurologic deficits but never with diabetes insipidus, which is described here. Due to the rarity of this pathology, the management protocol is not well defined, though there have been quite a few papers on this condition. This review article gathers information published over the years on this rare entity to suggest a treatment protocol. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Idiopathic gingival fibromatosis rehabilitation: a case report with two-year followup.

PubMed

Jayachandran, Mahesh; Kapoor, Shalini; Mahesh, Rethi

2013-01-01

Gingival enlargements are quite common and may be either inflammatory, noninflammatory, or a combination of both. Gingival hyperplasia is a bizarre condition causing esthetic, functional, psychological, and masticatory disturbances of the oral cavity. Causes of gingival enlargement can be due to plaque accumulation, due to poor oral hygiene, inadequate nutrition, or systemic hormonal stimulation (Bakaeen and Scully, 1998). It can occur as an isolated disease or as part of a syndrome or chromosomal abnormality. A progressive fibrous enlargement of the gingiva is a facet of idiopathic fibrous hyperplasia of the gingiva (Carranza and Hogan, 2002; Gorlin et al., 1976). It is described variously as fibromatosis gingivae, gingivostomatitis, hereditary gingival fibromatosis, idiopathic fibromatosis, familial elephantiasis, and diffuse fibroma. We present a case of idiopathic gingival fibromatosis with its multidisciplinary approach of management.

Applications of Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Thorax in Pleural Diseases: A State-of-the-Art Review.

PubMed

Pessôa, Fernanda Miraldi Clemente; de Melo, Alessandro Severo Alves; Souza, Arthur Soares; de Souza, Luciana Soares; Hochhegger, Bruno; Zanetti, Gláucia; Marchiori, Edson

2016-08-01

The aim of this review was to present the main aspects of pleural diseases seen with conventional and advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques. This modality is considered to be the gold standard for the evaluation of the pleural interface, characterization of complex pleural effusion, and identification of exudate and hemorrhage, as well as in the analysis of superior sulcus tumors, as it enables more accurate staging. The indication for MRI of the thorax in the identification of these conditions is increasing in comparison to computerized tomography, and it can also be used to support the diagnosis of pulmonary illnesses. This literature review describes the morphological and functional aspects of the main benign and malignant pleural diseases assessed with MRI, including mesothelioma, metastasis, lymphoma, fibroma, lipoma, endometriosis, asbestos-related pleural disease, empyema, textiloma, and splenosis.

Large calcified subdural empyema.

PubMed

Sarkar, S; Mazumder, U; Chowdhury, D; Dey, S K; Hossain, M; Nag, U K; Riaz, B K

2012-04-01

Subdural empyema is a known disease entity; however, calcified subdural empyema is uncommon. The authors present a case of an 11-year-old boy in whom there was diagnosed a chronic calcified subdural empyema 10 years after an attack of meningitis. The patient had suffered from generalized tonic clonic seizures occurring 2-6 times in a month. A large fronto-temporo-parietal craniotomy was carried out and the subdural empyema filled with numerous uncharacteristic tissue fragments with thick pus together with the partially calcified and ossified capsule was removed. The empyema mass was found to be sterile for bacteria. After the operation, no epileptic seizure occurred and the boy is on sodium valporate. We must emphasize the unusual occurrence of the chronic subdural empyema presenting with calcification-ossification and large size as observed in our case.

A new species of Pareiorhaphis (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) from the headwaters of the Arroio Garapiá, coastal drainage of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil.

PubMed

Pereira, Edson H L; Lehmann, Pablo A; Schvambach, Lucas J; Reis, Roberto E

2015-10-30

Pareiorhaphis garapia, new species, is described based on specimens collected in the headwaters of the Arroio Garapiá, Rio Maquiné basin, a coastal drainage of Rio Grande do Sul State, southern Brazil. The new species is distinguished from all other Pareiorhaphis species in having the nuchal plate covered by thick skin, the exposed posterior process of the cleithrum comparatively narrow, and the last segment of the preopercular ramus of the latero-sensory canal reduced to an ossified tubule. The absence of a dorsal-fin spinelet, the reduced number of plates in the dorsal and mid-dorsal series of lateral plates, and morphometric traits also distinguish the new species from its congeners. The restricted geographic distribution of P. garapia, endemic to a headwater stream of the Rio Maquiné basin, and the syntopic occurrence of P. nudulus are discussed.

[Echocardiography in diagnosis of primary cardiac tumors in pediatrics].

PubMed

Erdmenger Orellana, Julio; Vázquez, Clara; Ortega Maldonado, Jesús

2005-01-01

We report the experience in the diagnosis of primary cardiac tumor during the period from 1999 to 2004, 8500 studies were revised echocardiographic carried out. We found 21 patients, 11 of female sex (55%). In 15/21 (71%), the age of presentation was less than 1 year. In 9/21 the tumor was multiple (42.8%), lodged in the ventricle right in 2/21 (9.5%), in the ventricle left 3 (14.2%), 8 in the septum interventricular (38%) and 4 compromised the auriculas. They were classified like rabdomiomas 14 (66%), 5 associates with sclerosis tuberosa, 4 mixomas (19%), 2 fibromas (9.5%) and 1 rabdomiosarcoma (4.7%). In five patients the diagnosis was prenatal. The global mortality went of 9.5%. The echocardiograpy is a good diagnosis method in our series the rabdomioma occupied the first place in frequency.

EFFECT OF X RAYS OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS (in Spanish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ercoli, N.

1961-02-01

The effect of x radiation on the virulency of the Dunsing strain of polio virus (type II) was studied. The virulency of a suspension with a concentration of 10/sup -//sup 4/ in the cerebrum and spinal column of mice decreases only with a radiation dose of 200,000 r, and in a suspension of 10/sup - //sup 6/ with a dose of 100,000 r. The Dunsing strain studied compared with the rabbit papilloma virus (3000 r) and the fibroma virus (10000 r) and with the susceptibility to ultraviolet rays shows a well defined resistance to x radiation. Very probably this resistancemore » depends on the small size of the virus as well as on the presence of foreign proteins which influence the primary and secondary effects of ionizing radiation. (tr-auth)« less

Diode laser application in soft tissue oral surgery.

PubMed

Azma, Ehsan; Safavi, Nassimeh

2013-01-01

Diode laser with wavelengths ranging from 810 to 980 nm in a continuous or pulsed mode was used as a possible instrument for soft tissue surgery in the oral cavity. Diode laser is one of laser systems in which photons are produced by electric current with wavelengths of 810, 940 and 980nm. The application of diode laser in soft tissue oral surgery has been evaluated from a safety point of view, for facial pigmentation and vascular lesions and in oral surgery excision; for example frenectomy, epulis fissuratum and fibroma. The advantages of laser application are that it provides relatively bloodless surgical and post surgical courses with minimal swelling and scarring. We used diode laser for excisional biopsy of pyogenic granuloma and gingival pigmentation. The diode laser can be used as a modality for oral soft tissue surgery.

Diode Laser Application in Soft Tissue Oral Surgery

PubMed Central

Azma, Ehsan; Safavi, Nassimeh

2013-01-01

Introduction: Diode laser with wavelengths ranging from 810 to 980 nm in a continuous or pulsed mode was used as a possible instrument for soft tissue surgery in the oral cavity. Discussion: Diode laser is one of laser systems in which photons are produced by electric current with wavelengths of 810, 940 and 980nm. The application of diode laser in soft tissue oral surgery has been evaluated from a safety point of view, for facial pigmentation and vascular lesions and in oral surgery excision; for example frenectomy, epulis fissuratum and fibroma. The advantages of laser application are that it provides relatively bloodless surgical and post surgical courses with minimal swelling and scarring. We used diode laser for excisional biopsy of pyogenic granuloma and gingival pigmentation. Conclusion: The diode laser can be used as a modality for oral soft tissue surgery PMID:25606331

Factor XIIIa is expressed by fibroblasts in fibrovascular tumors.

PubMed

Nemeth, A J; Penneys, N S

1989-10-01

Factor XIIIa (FXIIIa), a blood and intracellularly produced coagulation factor, has been found in a variety of cell types including fibroblast-like mesenchymal cells, and has been shown to stimulate the proliferation of fibroblasts and some neoplastic cells in vitro. We have already shown that the dendritic fibroblasts composing the fibrous papule contain this factor. We hypothesized that histopathologically similar fibrovascular tumors may also express FXIIIa and, in this report, show that the large stellate fibroblasts found in acquired digital fibrokeratomas, angiofibromas (adenoma sebaceum of Pringle), and oral fibroma (oral fibrous hyperplasia) also express FXIIIa. We postulate that FXIIIa, possibly acting as a growth factor, may be a common denominator in the pathogenesis of these tumors. Another possibility is that these tumors may be the consequence of a local overproduction of FXIIIa in response to an, as yet, unidentified stimulus.

[Scintigraphic detection of osteoblast activity after implantation of BAS-0 bioactive glass-ceramic material into long bone defects].

PubMed

Sponer, P; Urban, K; Urbanová, E

2006-06-01

The aim of the study was to demonstrate, by three-phase bone scintigraphy, radionuclide uptake at the site of defects in long bones filled with the non-resorbable bioactive glass-ceramic material BAS-0 at a long follow-up. Twenty patients, 14 men and 6 women, operated on between 1990 and 2000 for benign bone tumors or tumor-like lesions localized in the femur, tibia or humerus were comprised in the study. Their average age at the time of operation was 14 years (range, 8 to 24). The diagnoses based on histological examination included juvenile bone cysts in 11, aneurysmal bone cyst in five, non-ossifying fibroma in two, and fibrous dysplasia in two patients. The lesions were localized in the femur, humerus and tibia in 11, five and four patients, respectively. The metaphysis was affected in eight and the diaphysis in 12 patients. Clinical, radiological and scintigraphic examinations were carried out at 2 to 12 years (7 years on average) after surgery. The clinical evaluation included subjective complaints and objective findings. Radiographs were made in standard projections and the osteo-integration of glass-ceramic material was investigated. Three-phase bone scans were made and the healthy and the affected limbs in each patient were compared by means of an index. Radionuclide uptake was considered normal when the index value was equal to 1.0, mildly increased at an index value of 1.2, moderately increased at 1.2-1.5 and markedly increased at an index value higher than 1.5. The clinical evaluation showed that, in the patients with glass-ceramic filling of metaphyses, six had no subjective complaints and two reported transient pain. In the patients with implants in diaphyses, subjective complaints were recorded in nine and no complaints in three patients. No inflammatory changes in soft tissues were found. No restriction in weightbearing of the limb treated was reported by any of the patients. On radiography, 18 patients were free from any disease residue or

Rare calcium oxalate monohydrate calculus attached to the wall of the renal pelvis.

PubMed

Grases, Felix; Costa-Bauza, Antonia; Prieto, Rafael M; Saus, Carlos; Servera, Antonio; García-Miralles, Reyes; Benejam, Joan

2011-04-01

Most renal calculi can be classified using well-established criteria in a manner that reflects both composition and fine structure under specific pathophysiological conditions. However, when a large patient population is considered, rare renal calculi invariably appear, some of which have never been classified; careful study is required to establish stone etiology in such cases. The patient in the present case report formed two types of calculi. One was attached on the wall of the renal pelvis near the ureter and part of the calculus was embedded inside pelvic renal tissue. The calculus developed on an ossified calcification located in the pelvis tissue. Current knowledge on the development of calcification in soft tissues suggests a pre-existing injury as an inducer of its development. A mechanism of calculus formation is proposed. The second stone was a typical jack-stone calculus. © 2011 The Japanese Urological Association.

Human Bone-Forming Chondrocytes Cultured in the Hydrodynamic Focusing Bioreactor Retain Matrix Proteins: Similarities to Spaceflight Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duke, P. J.; Hecht, J.; Montufar-Solis, D.

2006-01-01

Fracture healing, crucial to a successful Mars mission, involves formation of a cartilaginous fracture callus which differentiates, mineralizes, ossifies and remodels via the endochondral process. Studies of spaceflown and tailsuspended rats found that, without loading, fracture callus formation and cartilage differentiation within the callus were minimal. We found delayed differentiation of chondrocytes within the rat growth plate on Cosmos 1887, 2044, and Spacelab 3. In the current study, differentiation of human bone-forming chondrocytes cultured in the hydrodynamic focusing bioreactor (HFB) was assessed. Human costochondral chondrocytes in suspension were aggregated overnight, then cultured in the HFB for 25 days. Collagen Type II, aggrecan and unsulfated chondroitin were found extracellularly and chondroitin sulfates 4 and 6 within the cell. Lack of secretion was also found in pancreatic cells of spaceflown rats, and in our SL3 studies. The HFB can be used to study cartilage differentiation in simulated microgravity.

Tissue interaction is required for glenoid fossa development during temporomandibular joint formation

PubMed Central

Wang, Ying; Liu, Chao; Rohr, Joseph; Liu, Hongbing; He, Fenglei; Yu, Jian; Sun, Cheng; Li, Lu; Gu, Shuping; Chen, YiPing

2011-01-01

The mammalian temporomandibular joint (TMJ) develops from two distinct mesenchymal condensations that grow towards each other and ossify through different mechanisms, with the glenoid fossa undergoing intramembranous ossification while the condyle being endochondral in origin. In this study, we used various genetically modified mouse models to investigate tissue interaction between the condyle and glenoid fossa during TMJ formation in mice. We report that either absence or dislocation of the condyle results in an arrested glenoid fossa development. In both cases, glenoid fossa development was initiated, but failed to sustain, and became regressed subsequently. However, condyle development appears to be independent upon the presence of the forming glenoid fossa. In addition, we show that substitution of condyle by Meckel’s cartilage is able to sustain glenoid fossa development. These observations suggest that proper signals from the developing condyle or Meckel’s cartilage are required to sustain the glenoid fossa development. PMID:21953591

A dinosaur missing-link? Chilesaurus and the early evolution of ornithischian dinosaurs.

PubMed

Baron, Matthew G; Barrett, Paul M

2017-08-01

The enigmatic dinosaur taxon Chilesaurus diegosuarezi was originally described as a tetanuran theropod, but this species possesses a highly unusual combination of features that could provide evidence of alternative phylogenetic positions within the clade. In order to test the relationships of Chilesaurus , we added it to a new dataset of early dinosaurs and other dinosauromorphs. Our analyses recover Chilesaurus in a novel position, as the earliest diverging member of Ornithischia, rather than a tetanuran theropod. The basal position of Chilesaurus within the clade and its suite of anatomical characters suggest that it might represent a 'transitional' taxon, bridging the morphological gap between Theropoda and Ornithischia, thereby offering potential insights into the earliest stages of ornithischian evolution, which were previously obscure. For example, our results suggest that pubic retroversion occurred prior to some of the craniodental and postcranial modifications that previously diagnosed the clade (e.g. the presence of a predentary bone and ossified tendons). © 2017 The Author(s).

Mineralized soft-tissue structure and chemistry in a mummified hadrosaur from the Hell Creek Formation, North Dakota (USA).

PubMed

Manning, Phillip L; Morris, Peter M; McMahon, Adam; Jones, Emrys; Gize, Andy; Macquaker, Joe H S; Wolff, George; Thompson, Anu; Marshall, Jim; Taylor, Kevin G; Lyson, Tyler; Gaskell, Simon; Reamtong, Onrapak; Sellers, William I; van Dongen, Bart E; Buckley, Mike; Wogelius, Roy A

2009-10-07

An extremely well-preserved dinosaur (Cf. Edmontosaurus sp.) found in the Hell Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous, North Dakota) retains soft-tissue replacement structures and associated organic compounds. Mineral cements precipitated in the skin apparently follow original cell boundaries, partially preserving epidermis microstructure. Infrared and electron microprobe images of ossified tendon clearly show preserved mineral zonation, with silica and trapped carbon dioxide forming thin linings on Haversian canals within apatite. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of materials recovered from the skin and terminal ungual phalanx suggests the presence of compounds containing amide groups. Amino acid composition analyses of the mineralized skin envelope clearly differ from the surrounding matrix; however, intact proteins could not be obtained using protein mass spectrometry. The presence of endogenously derived organics from the skin was further demonstrated by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS), indicating survival and presence of macromolecules that were in part aliphatic (see the electronic supplementary material).

Mineralized soft-tissue structure and chemistry in a mummified hadrosaur from the Hell Creek Formation, North Dakota (USA)

PubMed Central

Manning, Phillip L.; Morris, Peter M.; McMahon, Adam; Jones, Emrys; Gize, Andy; Macquaker, Joe H. S.; Wolff, George; Thompson, Anu; Marshall, Jim; Taylor, Kevin G.; Lyson, Tyler; Gaskell, Simon; Reamtong, Onrapak; Sellers, William I.; van Dongen, Bart E.; Buckley, Mike; Wogelius, Roy A.

2009-01-01

An extremely well-preserved dinosaur (Cf. Edmontosaurus sp.) found in the Hell Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous, North Dakota) retains soft-tissue replacement structures and associated organic compounds. Mineral cements precipitated in the skin apparently follow original cell boundaries, partially preserving epidermis microstructure. Infrared and electron microprobe images of ossified tendon clearly show preserved mineral zonation, with silica and trapped carbon dioxide forming thin linings on Haversian canals within apatite. Furthermore, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) of materials recovered from the skin and terminal ungual phalanx suggests the presence of compounds containing amide groups. Amino acid composition analyses of the mineralized skin envelope clearly differ from the surrounding matrix; however, intact proteins could not be obtained using protein mass spectrometry. The presence of endogenously derived organics from the skin was further demonstrated by pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (Py-GCMS), indicating survival and presence of macromolecules that were in part aliphatic (see the electronic supplementary material). PMID:19570788

Public and stakeholder participation for managing and reducing the risks of shale gas development.

PubMed

North, D Warner; Stern, Paul C; Webler, Thomas; Field, Patrick

2014-01-01

Emerging technologies pose particularly strong challenges for risk governance when they have multidimensional and inequitable impacts, when there is scientific uncertainty about the technology and its risks, when there are strong value conflicts over the perceived benefits and risks, when decisions must be made urgently, and when the decision making environment is rife with mistrust. Shale gas development is one such emerging technology. Drawing on previous U.S. National Research Council committee reports that examined risk decision making for complex issues like these, we point to the benefits and challenges of applying the analytic-deliberative process recommended in those reports for stakeholder and public engagement in risk decision making about shale gas development in the United States. We discuss the different phases of such a process and conclude by noting the dangers of allowing controversy to ossify and the benefits of sound dialogue and learning among publics, stakeholders, industry, and regulatory decision makers.

Gastric leiomyoma in a child with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: First pediatric case.

PubMed

Virgone, Calogero; Decker, Emily; Mitton, Sally G; Mansour, Sahar; Giuliani, Stefano

2016-04-01

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome (GGS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (MIM 109 400), is a rare genetic condition with a prevalence between 1/56 000 and 1/256 000. Clinical presentation is usually characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic jaw keratocysts, palmar or plantar pitting and skeletal anomalies. It is furthermore associated with the development of various tumors beside basal cell carcinoma, among which medulloblastoma is the most frequent. Increased incidence of other mesenchymal neoplasms, however, is also well known: recently the first adult case of gastric leiomyoma in GGS was reported, and the inclusion of "fibromas and leiomyomas of other organs" in the minor criteria for the diagnosis was suggested. We report the first case of a pediatric patient with GGS who also developed a gastric leiomyoma: the present case illustrates the need for this change to the diagnostic criteria to encompass the highly variable presentations and phenotype in GGS. © 2015 Japan Pediatric Society.

450 nm diode laser: A new help in oral surgery.

PubMed

Fornaini, Carlo; Rocca, Jean-Paul; Merigo, Elisabetta

2016-09-16

To describe the performance of 450 nm diode laser in oral surgery procedures. The case described consisted of the removal of a lower lip fibroma through a blue diode laser (λ = 450 nm). The efficacy of this device, even at very low power (1W, CW), allows us to obtain very high intra and postoperative comfort for the patient, even with just topical anaesthesia and without needing suture. The healing process was completed in one week and, during the follow-up, the patient did not report any problems, pain or discomfort even without the consumption of any kind of drugs, such as painkillers and antibiotics. The histological examination performed by the pathologist showed a large area of fibrous connective tissue with some portions of epithelium-connective detachments and a regular incision with very scanty areas of carbonization. The 450 nm diode laser proved of being very efficient in the oral soft tissue surgical procedures, with no side effects for the patients.

New Described Dermatological Disorders

PubMed Central

Cevirgen Cemil, Bengu; Keseroglu, Havva Ozge; Kaya Akis, Havva

2014-01-01

Many advances in dermatology have been made in recent years. In the present review article, newly described disorders from the last six years are presented in detail. We divided these reports into different sections, including syndromes, autoinflammatory diseases, tumors, and unclassified disease. Syndromes included are “circumferential skin creases Kunze type” and “unusual type of pachyonychia congenita or a new syndrome”; autoinflammatory diseases include “chronic atypical neutrophilic dermatosis with lipodystrophy and elevated temperature (CANDLE) syndrome,” “pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PASH) syndrome,” and “pyogenic arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, acne, and hidradenitis suppurativa (PAPASH) syndrome”; tumors include “acquired reactive digital fibroma,” “onychocytic matricoma and onychocytic carcinoma,” “infundibulocystic nail bed squamous cell carcinoma,” and “acral histiocytic nodules”; unclassified disorders include “saurian papulosis,” “symmetrical acrokeratoderma,” “confetti-like macular atrophy,” and “skin spicules,” “erythema papulosa semicircularis recidivans.” PMID:25243162

Frequency of odontogenic cysts and tumors: a systematic review.

PubMed

Johnson, Nigel R; Gannon, Orla M; Savage, Neil W; Batstone, Martin D

2014-02-01

A systematic review of the literature from 1993 to 2011 was undertaken examining frequency data of the most common odontogenic cysts and tumors. Seven inclusion criteria were met for the paper to be incorporated. In the preliminary search 5231 papers were identified, of these 26 papers met the inclusion criteria. There were 18 297 odontogenic cysts reported. Of these there were 9982 (54.6%) radicular cysts, 3772 (20.6%) dentigerous cysts and 2145 (11.7%) keratocystic odontogenic tumors. With the reclassification of keratocystic odontogenic tumor in 2005 as an odontogenic tumor, there were 8129 odontogenic tumors reported with 3001 (36.9%) ameloblastomas, 1163 (14.3%) keratocystic odontogenic tumors, 533 (6.5%) odontogenic myxomas, 337 (4.1%) adenomatoid odontogenic tumors and 127 (1.6%) ameloblastic fibromas. This systematic review found that odontogenic cysts are 2.25 times more frequent than odontogenic tumors. The most frequent odontogenic cyst and tumor were the radicular cyst and ameloblastoma respectively. © 2013 Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Oncogenic osteomalacia: a clinicopathologic study of 17 bone lesions.

PubMed Central

Park, Y. K.; Unni, K. K.; Beabout, J. W.; Hodgson, S. F.

1994-01-01

Oncogenic osteomalacia is an unusual and rare clinicopathologic syndrome characterized by mesenchymal tumors that apparently produce osteomalacia and biochemical abnormalities consisting of hypophosphatemia, normocalcemia, and increased levels of alkaline phosphatase. We collected from the Mayo Clinic files and from our consultation files the records for 17 cases of osteomalacia associated with bone lesions. There were five cases of fibrous dysplasia, three of hemangiopericytoma, and two of phosphaturic mesenchymal tumor. There was one case each of osteosarcoma, chondroblastoma, chondromyxoid fibroma, malignant fibrous histiocytoma, giant cell tumor, metaphyseal fibrous defect, and hemangioma. In this study we can figure out that the most common characteristic histologic features of our cases were hemangiopericytomatous vascular proliferation, fine lace-like stromal calcification, and stromal giant cells. In most of the cases, the clinical and biochemical symptoms and signs resolved soon after complete resection of the lesion. When the lesion recurred or metastasized, the symptoms and signs also recurred. PMID:7848576

Quantitative analysis of herpes virus sequences from normal tissue and fibropapillomas of marine turtles with real-time PCR

USGS Publications Warehouse

Quackenbush, S.L.; Casey, R.N.; Murcek, R.J.; Paul, T.A.; Work, Thierry M.; Limpus, C.J.; Chaves, A.; duToit, L.; Perez, J.V.; Aguirre, A.A.; Spraker, T.R.; Horrocks, J.A.; Vermeer, L.A.; Balazs, G.S.; Casey, J.W.

2001-01-01

Quantitative real-time PCR has been used to measure fibropapilloma-associated turtle herpesvirus (FPTHV) pol DNA loads in fibropapillomas, fibromas, and uninvolved tissues of green, loggerhead, and olive ridley turtles from Hawaii, Florida, Costa Rica, Australia, Mexico, and the West Indies. The viral DNA loads from tumors obtained from terminal animals were relatively homogenous (range 2a??20 copies/cell), whereas DNA copy numbers from biopsied tumors and skin of otherwise healthy turtles displayed a wide variation (range 0.001a??170 copies/cell) and may reflect the stage of tumor development. FPTHV DNA loads in tumors were 2.5a??4.5 logs higher than in uninvolved skin from the same animal regardless of geographic location, further implying a role for FPTHV in the etiology of fibropapillomatosis. Although FPTHV pol sequences amplified from tumors are highly related to each other, single signature amino acid substitutions distinguish the Australia/Hawaii, Mexico/Costa Rica, and Florida/Caribbean groups.

Ablation of dermal and mucosal lesions with a new CO2 laser application system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jovanovic, Sergije; Sedlmaier, Benedikt W.; Fuehrer, Ariane

1997-05-01

Laser treatment of skin changes has become common practice in recent years. The high absorption of the wavelength of the carbon-dioxide laser (10600 nm) is responsible for its low penetration depth in biological tissue. Shortening the exposure time minimizes thermic side effects such as carbonization and coagulation. This effect can be achieved with the SilkTouchTM scanner 767, since the focused laser beam is moved over a defined area by rapidly rotating mirrors. This enables controlled and reliable removal of certain dermal lesions, particularly hypertrophic scars, scars after common acne, wrinkles, rhinophyma and benign neoplasms like verruca vulgaris. Cosmetically favorable reepithelialization of the lasered surfaces results within a very short period of time. Benign mucosal changes of the upper aerodigestive tract can also be treated. Ablation is less traumatic for papillomas, fibromas, hyperplasias in the area of Waldeyer's tonsillar ring and certain laryngotracheal pathologies. Clinical examples demonstrate the advantages of this new mode of application.

New insight into the anatomy of the hyolingual apparatus of Alligator mississippiensis and implications for reconstructing feeding in extinct archosaurs.

PubMed

Li, Zhiheng; Clarke, Julia A

2015-07-01

Anatomical studies of the cranium of crocodilians motivated by an interest in its function in feeding largely focused on bite force, the jaw apparatus and associated muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve. However, the ossified and cartilaginous elements of the hyoid and the associated hyolingual muscles, innervated by the facial, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves, received much less attention. Crocodilians are known to retain what are ancestrally the 'Rhythmic Hyobranchial Behaviors' such as buccal oscillation, but show diminished freedom and movement for the hyobranchial apparatus and the tongue in food transport and manipulation. Feeding among crocodilians, generally on larger prey items than other reptilian outgroups, involves passive transport of the food within the mouth. The tongue in extant crocodilians is firmly attached to the buccal floor and shows little movement during feeding. Here, we present a detailed anatomical description of the myology of the hyolingual apparatus of Alligator mississippiensis, utilizing contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography and dissection. We construct the first three-dimensional (3D) description of hyolingual myology in Alligator mississippiensis and discuss the detailed implications of these data for our understanding of hyolingual muscle homology across Reptilia. These anatomical data and an evaluation of the fossil record of hyoid structures also shed light on the evolution of feeding in Reptilia. Simplification of the hyoid occurs early in the evolution of archosaurs. A hyoid with only one pair of ceratobranchials and a weakly ossified or cartilaginous midline basihyal is ancestral to Archosauriformes. The comparison with non-archosaurian reptilian outgroup demonstrates that loss of the second set of ceratobranchials as well as reduced ossification in basihyal occurred prior to the origin of crown-clade archosaurs, crocodilians and birds. Early modification in feeding ecology appears to characterize the

New insight into the anatomy of the hyolingual apparatus of Alligator mississippiensis and implications for reconstructing feeding in extinct archosaurs

PubMed Central

Li, Zhiheng; Clarke, Julia A

2015-01-01

Anatomical studies of the cranium of crocodilians motivated by an interest in its function in feeding largely focused on bite force, the jaw apparatus and associated muscles innervated by the trigeminal nerve. However, the ossified and cartilaginous elements of the hyoid and the associated hyolingual muscles, innervated by the facial, hypoglossal and glossopharyngeal nerves, received much less attention. Crocodilians are known to retain what are ancestrally the ‘Rhythmic Hyobranchial Behaviors’ such as buccal oscillation, but show diminished freedom and movement for the hyobranchial apparatus and the tongue in food transport and manipulation. Feeding among crocodilians, generally on larger prey items than other reptilian outgroups, involves passive transport of the food within the mouth. The tongue in extant crocodilians is firmly attached to the buccal floor and shows little movement during feeding. Here, we present a detailed anatomical description of the myology of the hyolingual apparatus of Alligator mississippiensis, utilizing contrast-enhanced micro-computed tomography and dissection. We construct the first three-dimensional (3D) description of hyolingual myology in Alligator mississippiensis and discuss the detailed implications of these data for our understanding of hyolingual muscle homology across Reptilia. These anatomical data and an evaluation of the fossil record of hyoid structures also shed light on the evolution of feeding in Reptilia. Simplification of the hyoid occurs early in the evolution of archosaurs. A hyoid with only one pair of ceratobranchials and a weakly ossified or cartilaginous midline basihyal is ancestral to Archosauriformes. The comparison with non-archosaurian reptilian outgroup demonstrates that loss of the second set of ceratobranchials as well as reduced ossification in basihyal occurred prior to the origin of crown-clade archosaurs, crocodilians and birds. Early modification in feeding ecology appears to characterize the

Clavicles, interclavicles, gastralia, and sternal ribs in sauropod dinosaurs: new reports from Diplodocidae and their morphological, functional and evolutionary implications

PubMed Central

Tschopp, Emanuel; Mateus, Octávio

2013-01-01

Ossified gastralia, clavicles and sternal ribs are known in a variety of reptilians, including dinosaurs. In sauropods, however, the identity of these bones is controversial. The peculiar shapes of these bones complicate their identification, which led to various differing interpretations in the past. Here we describe different elements from the chest region of diplodocids, found near Shell, Wyoming, USA. Five morphotypes are easily distinguishable: (A) elongated, relatively stout, curved elements with a spatulate and a bifurcate end resemble much the previously reported sauropod clavicles, but might actually represent interclavicles; (B) short, L-shaped elements, mostly preserved as a symmetrical pair, probably are the real clavicles, as indicated by new findings in diplodocids; (C) slender, rod-like bones with rugose ends are highly similar to elements identified as sauropod sternal ribs; (D) curved bones with wide, probably medial ends constitute the fourth morphotype, herein interpreted as gastralia; and (E) irregularly shaped elements, often with extended rugosities, are included into the fifth morphotype, tentatively identified as sternal ribs and/or intercostal elements. To our knowledge, the bones previously interpreted as sauropod clavicles were always found as single bones, which sheds doubt on the validity of their identification. Various lines of evidence presented herein suggest they might actually be interclavicles – which are single elements. This would be the first definitive evidence of interclavicles in dinosauromorphs. Previously supposed interclavicles in the early sauropodomorph Massospondylus or the theropods Oviraptor and Velociraptor were later reinterpreted as clavicles or furculae. Independent from their identification, the existence of the reported bones has both phylogenetic and functional significance. Their presence in non-neosauropod Eusauropoda and Flagellicaudata and probable absence in rebbachisaurs and Titanosauriformes shows a

Clavicles, interclavicles, gastralia, and sternal ribs in sauropod dinosaurs: new reports from diplodocidae and their morphological, functional and evolutionary implications.

PubMed

Tschopp, Emanuel; Mateus, Octávio

2013-03-01

Ossified gastralia, clavicles and sternal ribs are known in a variety of reptilians, including dinosaurs. In sauropods, however, the identity of these bones is controversial. The peculiar shapes of these bones complicate their identification, which led to various differing interpretations in the past. Here we describe different elements from the chest region of diplodocids, found near Shell, Wyoming, USA. Five morphotypes are easily distinguishable: (A) elongated, relatively stout, curved elements with a spatulate and a bifurcate end resemble much the previously reported sauropod clavicles, but might actually represent interclavicles; (B) short, L-shaped elements, mostly preserved as a symmetrical pair, probably are the real clavicles, as indicated by new findings in diplodocids; (C) slender, rod-like bones with rugose ends are highly similar to elements identified as sauropod sternal ribs; (D) curved bones with wide, probably medial ends constitute the fourth morphotype, herein interpreted as gastralia; and (E) irregularly shaped elements, often with extended rugosities, are included into the fifth morphotype, tentatively identified as sternal ribs and/or intercostal elements. To our knowledge, the bones previously interpreted as sauropod clavicles were always found as single bones, which sheds doubt on the validity of their identification. Various lines of evidence presented herein suggest they might actually be interclavicles - which are single elements. This would be the first definitive evidence of interclavicles in dinosauromorphs. Previously supposed interclavicles in the early sauropodomorph Massospondylus or the theropods Oviraptor and Velociraptor were later reinterpreted as clavicles or furculae. Independent from their identification, the existence of the reported bones has both phylogenetic and functional significance. Their presence in non-neosauropod Eusauropoda and Flagellicaudata and probable absence in rebbachisaurs and Titanosauriformes shows a

A Basal Lithostrotian Titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) with a Complete Skull: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of Titanosauria.

PubMed

Martínez, Rubén D F; Lamanna, Matthew C; Novas, Fernando E; Ridgely, Ryan C; Casal, Gabriel A; Martínez, Javier E; Vita, Javier R; Witmer, Lawrence M

2016-01-01

We describe Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov., a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian-Turonian) Lower Member of the Bajo Barreal Formation of southern Chubut Province in central Patagonia, Argentina. The holotypic and only known specimen consists of an articulated, virtually complete skull and part of the cranial and middle cervical series. Sarmientosaurus exhibits the following distinctive features that we interpret as autapomorphies: (1) maximum diameter of orbit nearly 40% rostrocaudal length of cranium; (2) complex maxilla-lacrimal articulation, in which the lacrimal clasps the ascending ramus of the maxilla; (3) medial edge of caudal sector of maxillary ascending ramus bordering bony nasal aperture with low but distinct ridge; (4) 'tongue-like' ventral process of quadratojugal that overlaps quadrate caudally; (5) separate foramina for all three branches of the trigeminal nerve; (6) absence of median venous canal connecting infundibular region to ventral part of brainstem; (7) subvertical premaxillary, procumbent maxillary, and recumbent dentary teeth; (8) cervical vertebrae with 'strut-like' centroprezygapophyseal laminae; (9) extremely elongate and slender ossified tendon positioned ventrolateral to cervical vertebrae and ribs. The cranial endocast of Sarmientosaurus preserves some of the most complete information obtained to date regarding the brain and sensory systems of sauropods. Phylogenetic analysis recovers the new taxon as a basal member of Lithostrotia, as the most plesiomorphic titanosaurian to be preserved with a complete skull. Sarmientosaurus provides a wealth of new cranial evidence that reaffirms the close relationship of titanosaurs to Brachiosauridae. Moreover, the presence of the relatively derived lithostrotian Tapuiasaurus in Aptian deposits indicates that the new Patagonian genus represents a 'ghost lineage' with a comparatively plesiomorphic craniodental form, the evolutionary history of which

A Basal Lithostrotian Titanosaur (Dinosauria: Sauropoda) with a Complete Skull: Implications for the Evolution and Paleobiology of Titanosauria

PubMed Central

Martínez, Rubén D. F.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Novas, Fernando E.; Ridgely, Ryan C.; Casal, Gabriel A.; Martínez, Javier E.; Vita, Javier R.; Witmer, Lawrence M.

2016-01-01

We describe Sarmientosaurus musacchioi gen. et sp. nov., a titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian—Turonian) Lower Member of the Bajo Barreal Formation of southern Chubut Province in central Patagonia, Argentina. The holotypic and only known specimen consists of an articulated, virtually complete skull and part of the cranial and middle cervical series. Sarmientosaurus exhibits the following distinctive features that we interpret as autapomorphies: (1) maximum diameter of orbit nearly 40% rostrocaudal length of cranium; (2) complex maxilla—lacrimal articulation, in which the lacrimal clasps the ascending ramus of the maxilla; (3) medial edge of caudal sector of maxillary ascending ramus bordering bony nasal aperture with low but distinct ridge; (4) ‘tongue-like’ ventral process of quadratojugal that overlaps quadrate caudally; (5) separate foramina for all three branches of the trigeminal nerve; (6) absence of median venous canal connecting infundibular region to ventral part of brainstem; (7) subvertical premaxillary, procumbent maxillary, and recumbent dentary teeth; (8) cervical vertebrae with ‘strut-like’ centroprezygapophyseal laminae; (9) extremely elongate and slender ossified tendon positioned ventrolateral to cervical vertebrae and ribs. The cranial endocast of Sarmientosaurus preserves some of the most complete information obtained to date regarding the brain and sensory systems of sauropods. Phylogenetic analysis recovers the new taxon as a basal member of Lithostrotia, as the most plesiomorphic titanosaurian to be preserved with a complete skull. Sarmientosaurus provides a wealth of new cranial evidence that reaffirms the close relationship of titanosaurs to Brachiosauridae. Moreover, the presence of the relatively derived lithostrotian Tapuiasaurus in Aptian deposits indicates that the new Patagonian genus represents a ‘ghost lineage’ with a comparatively plesiomorphic craniodental form, the evolutionary

Characterization of ossification of the posterior rim of acetabulum in the developing hip and its impact on the assessment of femoroacetabular impingement.

PubMed

Morris, William Z; Chen, Jason Y; Cooperman, Daniel R; Liu, Raymond W

2015-02-04

Many radiographic indices that are used to assess adolescents for femoroacetabular impingement rely on an ossified posterior acetabular wall. A recent study identified a secondary ossification center in the posterior rim of the acetabulum, the ossification of which may affect perceived acetabular coverage. The purpose of this study was to characterize ossification of the posterior rim of the acetabulum with use of a longitudinal radiographic study and quantify its impact on the radiographic assessment of femoroacetabular impingement. In this study, we utilized a historical collection of annual radiographs made in a population of healthy adolescents. Six hundred and twelve anteroposterior radiographs of the left hip of ninety-eight patients were reviewed to identify the appearance, duration, and fusion of the secondary ossification center in the posterior rim of the acetabulum. The center-edge angle was then measured before appearance and after fusion of the secondary ossification center in a subset of ten patients who had <5° of rotation on all radiographs. The secondary ossification center in the posterior rim was identified in seventy-three of the ninety-eight subjects, with no significant difference between the sexes. The mean patient age at the time of radiographic appearance of this secondary ossification center was fourteen years for males and twelve years for females. The mean duration of radiographic appearance was ten months for both sexes. Serial center-edge angles were measured in a subset of ten patients, and they increased during posterior rim ossification by a mean of 4.1°. The secondary ossification center in the posterior rim of the acetabulum (the posterior rim sign) is a common radiographic finding that reliably appears for ten months around the time of triradiate closure. Posterior rim ossification led to a mean increase of 4° of perceived acetabular coverage through the center-edge angle. Given the narrow margin between normal coverage (33�

Profound seasonal shrinking and regrowth of the ossified braincase in phylogenetically distant mammals with similar life histories

PubMed Central

Dechmann, Dina K. N.; LaPoint, Scott; Dullin, Christian; Hertel, Moritz; Taylor, Jan R. E.; Zub, Karol; Wikelski, Martin

2017-01-01

Ontogenetic changes in skull shape and size are ubiquitous in altricial vertebrates, but typically unidirectional and minimal in full-grown animals. Red-toothed shrews exhibit a rare exception, where the shape, mass and size of the skull, brain, and several major organs, show significant bidirectional seasonal changes. We now show a similar but male-biased shrinking (16%) and regrowth (8%) in the standardized braincase depth of least weasels (Mustela nivalis). Juvenile weasels also exhibit a growth overshoot, followed by a shrinkage period lasting until the end of their first winter. Only male weasels then regrow during their second summer. High-resolution CT scans suggest areas of the skull are affected differently during shrinking and regrowth in both species. This suggests multiple evolutionary drivers: while the shrinking likely facilitates survival during seasonal low resource availability in these high-metabolic mammals with year-round activity, the regrowth may be most strongly influenced by high investment into reproduction and territories, which is male-biased in the weasels. Our data provide evidence for convergent evolution of skull and thus brain shrinkage and regrowth, with important implications for understanding adaptations to changing environments and for applied research on the correlated changes in bone structure, brain size and the many other affected organs. PMID:28211896

Profound seasonal shrinking and regrowth of the ossified braincase in phylogenetically distant mammals with similar life histories.

PubMed

Dechmann, Dina K N; LaPoint, Scott; Dullin, Christian; Hertel, Moritz; Taylor, Jan R E; Zub, Karol; Wikelski, Martin

2017-02-13

Ontogenetic changes in skull shape and size are ubiquitous in altricial vertebrates, but typically unidirectional and minimal in full-grown animals. Red-toothed shrews exhibit a rare exception, where the shape, mass and size of the skull, brain, and several major organs, show significant bidirectional seasonal changes. We now show a similar but male-biased shrinking (16%) and regrowth (8%) in the standardized braincase depth of least weasels (Mustela nivalis). Juvenile weasels also exhibit a growth overshoot, followed by a shrinkage period lasting until the end of their first winter. Only male weasels then regrow during their second summer. High-resolution CT scans suggest areas of the skull are affected differently during shrinking and regrowth in both species. This suggests multiple evolutionary drivers: while the shrinking likely facilitates survival during seasonal low resource availability in these high-metabolic mammals with year-round activity, the regrowth may be most strongly influenced by high investment into reproduction and territories, which is male-biased in the weasels. Our data provide evidence for convergent evolution of skull and thus brain shrinkage and regrowth, with important implications for understanding adaptations to changing environments and for applied research on the correlated changes in bone structure, brain size and the many other affected organs.

FGFR3 mutation causes abnormal membranous ossification in achondroplasia.

PubMed

Di Rocco, Federico; Biosse Duplan, Martin; Heuzé, Yann; Kaci, Nabil; Komla-Ebri, Davide; Munnich, Arnold; Mugniery, Emilie; Benoist-Lasselin, Catherine; Legeai-Mallet, Laurence

2014-06-01

FGFR3 gain-of-function mutations lead to both chondrodysplasias and craniosynostoses. Achondroplasia (ACH), the most frequent dwarfism, is due to an FGFR3-activating mutation which results in impaired endochondral ossification. The effects of the mutation on membranous ossification are unknown. Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice mimicking ACH and craniofacial analysis of patients with ACH and FGFR3-related craniosynostoses provide an opportunity to address this issue. Studying the calvaria and skull base, we observed abnormal cartilage and premature fusion of the synchondroses leading to modifications of foramen magnum shape and size in Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice, ACH and FGFR3-related craniosynostoses patients. Partial premature fusion of the coronal sutures and non-ossified gaps in frontal bones were also present in Fgfr3(Y367C/+) mice and ACH patients. Our data provide strong support that not only endochondral ossification but also membranous ossification is severely affected in ACH. Demonstration of the impact of FGFR3 mutations on craniofacial development should initiate novel pharmacological and surgical therapeutic approaches.

RECOGNITION AND MANAGEMENT OF TRAUMATIC SPORTS INJURIES IN THE SKELETALLY IMMATURE ATHLETE

PubMed Central

Molony, Joseph T.

2012-01-01

Over the last decade, participation in organized youth sports has risen to include over 35 million contestants.1 The rise in participation has brought about an associated increase in both traumatic and overuse injuries in the youth athlete, which refers to both children and adolescents within a general age range of seven to 17. Exposure rates alone do not account for the increase in injuries. Societal pressures to perform at high levels affect both coaches and athletes and lead to inappropriate levels of training intensity, frequency, and duration. In this environment high physiologic stresses are applied to the immature skeleton of the youth athlete causing injury. Typically, since bone is the weakest link in the incomplete ossified skeleton, the majority of traumatic injuries result in fractures that occur both at mid‐shaft and at the growth centers of bone. The following clinical commentary describes the common traumatic sports injuries that occur in youth athletes, as well as those which require rapid identification and care in order to prevent long term sequelae. PMID:23316432

Pectoral girdle and fin anatomy of Gogonasus andrewsae Long, 1985: implications for tetrapodomorph limb evolution.

PubMed

Holland, Timothy

2013-02-01

Recently discovered material has yielded new information on the pectoral girdle and fin endoskeleton of Gogonasusandrewsae (Frasnian Gogo Formation, Kimberley Region, Western Australia). These elements permit the first comprehensive description of the anocleithrum, cleithrum, scapulocoracoid, and lepidotrichia. New autapomorphies of Gogonasus include a square exposed region on the supracleithrum, an unusual knob-like process on the scapulocoracoid, a relatively small entepicondyle, and lepidotrichia with I-beam-shaped cross sections. Several poorly ossified regions on the scapulocoracoid and humerus indicate an early ontogenetic state, as with other immature tetrapodomorph fish specimens. A phylogenetic analysis indicates a more stemward position for Gogonasus in a weakly supported clade with other "osteolepidid" taxa, compared to other recent studies placing Gogonasus crownward of osteolepidid fishes and the Tristichopteridae, as the sister taxon to the "Elpistosteglia" + Tetrapoda. A phylogenetic position among megalichthyid fishes is suggested for Sterropterygion, while radiographs of the megalichthyid Cladarosymblema show a scythe-like radius terminating distally with that of the intermedium. New data on the scapulocoracoid of the rhizodontid Barameda reveals a coroacoid crest and small supraglenoid foramen. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Intra-epiphyseal stress injury of the proximal tibial epiphysis: preliminary experience of magnetic resonance imaging findings.

PubMed

Tony, G; Charran, A; Tins, B; Lalam, R; Tyrrell, P N M; Singh, J; Cool, P; Kiely, N; Cassar-Pullicino, V N

2014-11-01

Stress induced injuries affecting the physeal plate or cortical bone in children and adolescents, especially young athletes, have been well described. However, there are no reports in the current English language literature of stress injury affecting the incompletely ossified epiphyseal cartilage. We present four cases of stress related change to the proximal tibial epiphysis (PTE) along with their respective magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) appearances ranging from subtle oedema signal to a pseudo-tumour like appearance within the epiphyseal cartilage. The site and pattern of intra-epiphyseal injury is determined by the type of tissue that is affected, the maturity of the skeleton and the type of forces that are transmitted through the tissue. We demonstrate how an awareness of the morphological spectrum of MRI appearances in intra-epiphyseal stress injury and the ability to identify concomitant signs of stress in other nearby structures can help reduce misdiagnosis, avoid invasive diagnostic procedures like bone biopsy and reassure patients and their families. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Developmental mechanisms of intervertebral disc and vertebral column formation.

PubMed

Lawson, Lisa Y; Harfe, Brian D

2017-11-01

The vertebral column consists of repeating units of ossified vertebrae that are adjoined by fibrocartilagenous intervertebral discs. These structures form from the embryonic notochord and somitic mesoderm. In humans, congenital malformations of the vertebral column include scoliosis, kyphosis, spina bifida, and Klippel Feil syndrome. In adulthood, a common malady affecting the vertebral column includes disc degeneration and associated back pain. Indeed, recent reports estimate that low back pain is the number one cause of disability worldwide. Our review provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms underlying vertebral column morphogenesis and intervertebral disc development and maintenance, with an emphasis on what has been gleaned from recent genetic studies in mice. The aim of this review is to provide a developmental framework through which vertebral column formation can be understood so that ultimately, research scientists and clinicians alike can restore disc health with appropriately designed gene and cell-based therapies. WIREs Dev Biol 2017, 6:e283. doi: 10.1002/wdev.283 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque detection by resonance Raman spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Cheng-hui; Boydston-White, Susie; Weisberg, Arel; Wang, Wubao; Sordillo, Laura A.; Perotte, Adler; Tomaselli, Vincent P.; Sordillo, Peter P.; Pei, Zhe; Shi, Lingyan; Alfano, Robert R.

2016-12-01

A clear correlation has been observed between the resonance Raman (RR) spectra of plaques in the aortic tunica intimal wall of a human corpse and three states of plaque evolution: fibrolipid plaques, calcified and ossified plaques, and vulnerable atherosclerotic plaques (VPs). These three states of atherosclerotic plaque lesions demonstrated unique RR molecular fingerprints from key molecules, rendering their spectra unique with respect to one another. The vibrational modes of lipids, cholesterol, carotenoids, tryptophan and heme proteins, the amide I, II, III bands, and methyl/methylene groups from the intrinsic atherosclerotic VPs in tissues were studied. The salient outcome of the investigation was demonstrating the correlation between RR measurements of VPs and the thickness measurements of fibrous caps on VPs using standard histopathology methods, an important metric in evaluating the stability of a VP. The RR results show that VPs undergo a structural change when their caps thin to 66 μm, very close to the 65-μm empirical medical definition of a thin cap fibroatheroma plaque, the most unstable type of VP.

Patterns of anomalies of structures of the middle ear and the facial nerve as revealed in newborn temporal bones.

PubMed

Tóth, Miklós; Sirirattanapan, Jarinratn; Mann, Wolf

2013-08-01

The purpose of this study is to offer new data about facial nerve malformations in the tympanic cavity. Prospective anatomic study of newborns to demonstrate the submacroscopic anatomy of the intratympanic facial nerve and its surrounding structures by malformations. Step-by-step microdissection of 12 newborn temporal bones and histologic evaluation of 4 middle ears showing multiple malformations. Four of 12 temporal bones presented malformation in the middle ear. All 4 temporal bones showed developmental failures of the stapes, and 3 of them had malposition of the tympanic portion of the facial nerve. In 3 cases, there was an oval window atresia, and in 1 case, the rim of the oval window was not ossified and was positioned medial to the stapes. Malformation or displacement of the stapes can be an indirect sign for facial nerve malformation. The most common site for facial nerve malformation is the tympanic portion. The tympanic segment of the nerve is devoid of bony covering in association with these anomalies of the stapes.

Eye development in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps: cranial and retinal adaptations to simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision

PubMed Central

Perez, Louise N.; Lorena, Jamily; Costa, Carinne M.; Araujo, Maysa S.; Frota-Lima, Gabriela N.; Matos-Rodrigues, Gabriel E.; Martins, Rodrigo A. P.; Mattox, George M. T.

2017-01-01

The unique eyes of the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps have long intrigued biologists. Key features associated with the bulging eye of Anableps include the expanded frontal bone and the duplicated pupils and cornea. Furthermore, the Anableps retina expresses different photoreceptor genes in dorsal and ventral regions, potentially associated with distinct aerial and aquatic stimuli. To gain insight into the developmental basis of the Anableps unique eye, we examined neurocranium and eye ontogeny, as well as photoreceptor gene expression during larval stages. First, we described six larval stages during which duplication of eye structures occurs. Our osteological analysis of neurocranium ontogeny revealed another distinctive Anablepid feature: an ossified interorbital septum partially separating the orbital cavities. Furthermore, we identified the onset of differences in cell proliferation and cell layer density between dorsal and ventral regions of the retina. Finally, we show that differential photoreceptor gene expression in the retina initiates during development, suggesting that it is inherited and not environmentally determined. In sum, our results shed light on the ontogenetic steps leading to the highly derived Anableps eye. PMID:28381624

Eye development in the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps: cranial and retinal adaptations to simultaneous aerial and aquatic vision.

PubMed

Perez, Louise N; Lorena, Jamily; Costa, Carinne M; Araujo, Maysa S; Frota-Lima, Gabriela N; Matos-Rodrigues, Gabriel E; Martins, Rodrigo A P; Mattox, George M T; Schneider, Patricia N

2017-04-12

The unique eyes of the four-eyed fish Anableps anableps have long intrigued biologists. Key features associated with the bulging eye of Anableps include the expanded frontal bone and the duplicated pupils and cornea. Furthermore, the Anableps retina expresses different photoreceptor genes in dorsal and ventral regions, potentially associated with distinct aerial and aquatic stimuli. To gain insight into the developmental basis of the Anableps unique eye, we examined neurocranium and eye ontogeny, as well as photoreceptor gene expression during larval stages. First, we described six larval stages during which duplication of eye structures occurs. Our osteological analysis of neurocranium ontogeny revealed another distinctive Anablepid feature: an ossified interorbital septum partially separating the orbital cavities. Furthermore, we identified the onset of differences in cell proliferation and cell layer density between dorsal and ventral regions of the retina. Finally, we show that differential photoreceptor gene expression in the retina initiates during development, suggesting that it is inherited and not environmentally determined. In sum, our results shed light on the ontogenetic steps leading to the highly derived Anableps eye. © 2017 The Author(s).

Atlanto-occipital fusion and spondylolisthesis in an Anasazi skeleton from Bright Angel Ruin, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona.

PubMed

Merbs, C F; Euler, R C

1985-08-01

The skeleton of a middle-aged female showing an unusual pattern of congenital, traumatic, and degenerative pathology was recovered from a small Kayenta Anasazi site located near the confluence of Bright Angel Creek with the Colorado River in the Inner Gorge of Grand Canyon. The atlas is fused with the base of the skull and C2 is fused with C3. The cervical region was subjected to hyperextension, perhaps through use of a tumpline, with resultant reduction of the neural canal to 8 mm, a condition that quite likely led to neurological problems. The skeleton also includes a depression fracture of the lateral condyle of the left tibia. Complete, bilateral spondylolysis of L5 led to an olisthesis of approximately 15 mm. The disc between L5 and S1 then ossified, most likely from staphylococcus bacteremia, making the olisthesis permanent and thereby creating a unique arachaeological specimen. Although spondylolysis is usually viewed as a stress fracture, the general pattern of pathology in this individual makes it necessary to consider an etiology of acute trauma.

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome

PubMed Central

Şereflican, Betül; Tuman, Bengü; Şereflican, Murat; Halıcıoğlu, Sıddıka; Özyalvaçlı, Gülzade; Bayrak, Seval

2017-01-01

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is characterized by numerous basal cell carcinoma of the skin, jaw cysts, and skeletal anomalies such as frontal bossing, vertebral anomalies, palmoplantar pits, and falx cerebri calcification. There is a tendency to tumors including medullablastoma, fibroma, rabdomyoma, leiomyosarcoma etc.. The diagnosis is based on major and minor clinical and radiologic criteria. Early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance in reducing the severity of long-term sequelae of this syndrome. In this article, we present a 15-year-old boy who was admitted to our clinic with brown-black papules and plaques on his scalp and was thought to have Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. He had a history of medulloblastoma that was treated with surgical resection followed by cranial radiotherapy and unilateral retinoblastoma. We present this case, because association of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and retinoblastoma has not been described previously in the literature and we aimed to draw attention to radiation-induced basal cell carcinomas. PMID:29062253

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome.

PubMed

Şereflican, Betül; Tuman, Bengü; Şereflican, Murat; Halıcıoğlu, Sıddıka; Özyalvaçlı, Gülzade; Bayrak, Seval

2017-09-01

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is a rare multisystemic disease inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. It is characterized by numerous basal cell carcinoma of the skin, jaw cysts, and skeletal anomalies such as frontal bossing, vertebral anomalies, palmoplantar pits, and falx cerebri calcification. There is a tendency to tumors including medullablastoma, fibroma, rabdomyoma, leiomyosarcoma etc.. The diagnosis is based on major and minor clinical and radiologic criteria. Early diagnosis and treatment are of utmost importance in reducing the severity of long-term sequelae of this syndrome. In this article, we present a 15-year-old boy who was admitted to our clinic with brown-black papules and plaques on his scalp and was thought to have Gorlin-Goltz syndrome. He had a history of medulloblastoma that was treated with surgical resection followed by cranial radiotherapy and unilateral retinoblastoma. We present this case, because association of Gorlin-Goltz syndrome and retinoblastoma has not been described previously in the literature and we aimed to draw attention to radiation-induced basal cell carcinomas.

Enterobius vermicularis worm granuloma mimicking like a pseudo tumor in the anal canal: An unusual clinical presentation.

PubMed

Bharathi, K; Anuradha, S; Chandrasekar, Vc Ajay; Thirunarayanan, R

2012-07-01

Enterobius vermicularis is one of the most common intestinal nematode worldwide. Enterobius rarely causes a symptomatic disease. We report here an unusual case of a 60-year old man who came with a polypoidal growth in the anal canal increasing in size for past 20 years. He had pain and intense itching over the mass. The differential diagnosis of squamous papilloma, fibroma and foreign body granuloma were considered. The mass lesion was excised surgically and sent to the pathology laboratory. The mass turned out to be an "E. vermicularis worm granuloma" by histopathologic examination. Thus, timely reporting and surgical resection of such lesion is necessary to prevent further complications. This case is reported here for the unusual presentation of pinworm as a pseudoneoplasm in the anal canal. Incidence of these cases reflected the poor personal hygiene and improper disposal of human excreta in the rural areas. We insist that health education is the only way to control the spread of helminthic infections that causes a heavy disease burden to our country.

Late-Stage Erythema Elevatum Diutinum Mimicking a Fibroblastic Tumor: A Potential Pitfall.

PubMed

Llamas-Velasco, Mar; Stengel, Berhard; Pérez-González, Yosmar Carolina; Mentzel, Thomas

2018-06-01

Erythema elevatum diutinum (EED) is a rare dermatosis with evolving histopathological features that vary according to the age of the lesions, with a variable fibrosis and a fascicled proliferation of spindle cells in late phases. The authors present an otherwise healthy 57-year-old woman with multiple indurated nodules on the inner aspect of both feet. Skin biopsy showed storiform interlacing bundles of spindled cells with plump nuclei and some areas with neutrophils and leukocytoclasia. CD34 and S100 were negative. This case is noteworthy clinically due to its location and its histopathological presentation that comprises a wide differential diagnosis, including inflammatory pseudotumor, dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, superficial nodular fasciitis, hyalinized leiomyoma, sclerosing spindle cell perineuroma, and sclerotic fibroma. The authors have reviewed the main histopathological and immunohistochemical features that help in the differential diagnosis of this rare variant of EED. A careful search for leukocytoclasia and neutrophilic vasculitis is mandatory to establish the right diagnosis of nodular or late-stage EED and avoid the pitfall of considering this a neoplastic process.

Enterobius vermicularis worm granuloma mimicking like a pseudo tumor in the anal canal: An unusual clinical presentation

PubMed Central

Bharathi, K; Anuradha, S; Chandrasekar, VC Ajay; Thirunarayanan, R

2012-01-01

Enterobius vermicularis is one of the most common intestinal nematode worldwide. Enterobius rarely causes a symptomatic disease. We report here an unusual case of a 60-year old man who came with a polypoidal growth in the anal canal increasing in size for past 20 years. He had pain and intense itching over the mass. The differential diagnosis of squamous papilloma, fibroma and foreign body granuloma were considered. The mass lesion was excised surgically and sent to the pathology laboratory. The mass turned out to be an “E. vermicularis worm granuloma” by histopathologic examination. Thus, timely reporting and surgical resection of such lesion is necessary to prevent further complications. This case is reported here for the unusual presentation of pinworm as a pseudoneoplasm in the anal canal. Incidence of these cases reflected the poor personal hygiene and improper disposal of human excreta in the rural areas. We insist that health education is the only way to control the spread of helminthic infections that causes a heavy disease burden to our country. PMID:23767020

The normal and pathologic renal medulla: a comprehensive overview.

PubMed

López, José I; Larrinaga, Gorka; Kuroda, Naoto; Angulo, Javier C

2015-04-01

The renal medulla comprises an intricate system of tubules, blood vessels and interstitium that is not well understood by most general pathologists. We conducted an extensive review of the literature on the renal medulla, in both normal and pathologic conditions. We set out in detail the points of key interest to pathologists: normal and pathological development, physiology, microscopic anatomy, histology and immunohistochemistry; and the specific and most common other types of disease associated with this part of the kidney: developmental abnormalities, (multicystic dysplastic kidney, autosomal dominant and recessive polycystic kidney diseases, medullary cystic kidney disease), inflammatory conditions (xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis, malakoplakia), hyperplasia and dysplasia, and neoplastic processes (oncocytoma, atypical oncocytic tumors, chromophobe cell carcinoma, collecting duct carcinoma, urothelial carcinoma, other carcinomas, renal medullary fibroma and metastatic tumors). This condensed overview of the origin, function and pathology of the renal medulla, both in terms of development, inflammation and neoplastic processes, should help focus the interest of clinical pathologists on this widely overlooked part of the kidney. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Hybrid pregnant reference phantom series based on adult female ICRP reference phantom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rafat-Motavalli, Laleh; Miri-Hakimabad, Hashem; Hoseinian-Azghadi, Elie

2018-03-01

This paper presents boundary representation (BREP) models of pregnant female and her fetus at the end of each trimester. The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) female reference voxel phantom was used as a base template in development process of the pregnant hybrid phantom series. The differences in shape and location of the displaced maternal organs caused by enlarging uterus were also taken into account. The CT and MR images of fetus specimens and pregnant patients of various ages were used to replace the maternal abdominal pelvic organs of template phantom and insert the fetus inside the gravid uterus. Each fetal model contains 21 different organs and tissues. The skeletal model of the fetus also includes age-dependent cartilaginous and ossified skeletal components. The replaced maternal organ models were converted to NURBS surfaces and then modified to conform to reference values of ICRP Publication 89. The particular feature of current series compared to the previously developed pregnant phantoms is being constructed upon the basis of ICRP reference phantom. The maternal replaced organ models are NURBS surfaces. With this great potential, they might have the feasibility of being converted to high quality polygon mesh phantoms.

Palaeoneurological clues to the evolution of defining mammalian soft tissue traits

PubMed Central

Benoit, J.; Manger, P. R.; Rubidge, B. S.

2016-01-01

A rich fossil record chronicles the distant origins of mammals, but the evolution of defining soft tissue characters of extant mammals, such as mammary glands and hairs is difficult to interpret because soft tissue does not readily fossilize. As many soft tissue features are derived from dermic structures, their evolution is linked to that of the nervous syutem, and palaeoneurology offers opportunities to find bony correlates of these soft tissue features. Here, a CT scan study of 29 fossil skulls shows that non-mammaliaform Prozostrodontia display a retracted, fully ossified, and non-ramified infraorbital canal for the infraorbital nerve, unlike more basal therapsids. The presence of a true infraorbital canal in Prozostrodontia suggests that a motile rhinarium and maxillary vibrissae were present. Also the complete ossification of the parietal fontanelle (resulting in the loss of the parietal foramen) and the development of the cerebellum in Probainognathia may be pleiotropically linked to the appearance of mammary glands and having body hair coverage since these traits are all controlled by the same homeogene, Msx2, in mice. These suggest that defining soft tissue characters of mammals were already present in their forerunners some 240 to 246 mya. PMID:27157809

Comparative morphology of the scales of roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii and white marlin Kajikia albida.

PubMed

Loose, E L; Hilton, E J; Graves, J E

2017-04-01

The comparative morphology of the scales of roundscale spearfish Tetrapturus georgii and white marlin Kajikia albida was investigated. In addition, variation in scale morphology across different body regions within each species was analysed. Although considerable morphological variation was observed among scales from different body regions in both species, scales of K. albida generally have pointed anterior ends, fewer posterior points and are more heavily imbricated than those of T. georgii, which are frequently rounded anteriorly, often have many posterior points and are separated farther within the skin. In all sampled body regions and individuals, scales of T. georgii are significantly broader and have a lower length-to-width aspect ratio than those of K. albida. Superficial to the scales are denticular plates, which are ossified formations occurring on the surface layer of the epidermis; these were observed and described for T. georgii, K. albida and blue marlin Makaira nigricans. Detailed scale descriptions allow for a more accurate characterization of the variation within and differences between these two species and could potentially be a valuable tool for investigating istiophorid systematics. © 2017 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

A case of myositis ossificans in the upper cervical spine of a young child.

PubMed

Findlay, Iain; Lakkireddi, Prabhat Reddy; Gangone, Ravinder; Marsh, Gavin

2010-12-01

Case report. We present a case of myositis ossificans (MO) of the upper cervical spine in a young child. The literature is reviewed with the classification, etiology, and treatment of MO discussed. Calcification of joint capsule, muscle, cartilage, and ligaments is a well-known phenomenon and is known as myositis ossificans. It is very rarely seen in the head and neck, with no reports of MO of the soft tissues surrounding the first 2 cervical vertebrae. An 8-year-old boy presented with severe neck pain after a fall. He had had a similar neck injury 4 years before, but made a full recovery. Radiographs showed a large ossified lesion between the posterior elements of C1 and C2. After further imaging, a diagnosis of MO was made. The child was treated with simple analgesia and observation. With no evidence of neurologic compromise and minimal symptoms, there was no indication for surgical intervention. Although rare, MO should be suspected as one of the possible causes of persistent pain following cervical spine injury in children. We would advise a low threshold for cervical spine imaging in the child presenting with persistent neck pain and stiffness, even years after injury.

Avian-like breathing mechanics in maniraptoran dinosaurs

PubMed Central

Codd, Jonathan R; Manning, Phillip L; Norell, Mark A; Perry, Steven F

2007-01-01

In 1868 Thomas Huxley first proposed that dinosaurs were the direct ancestors of birds and subsequent analyses have identified a suite of ‘avian’ characteristics in theropod dinosaurs. Ossified uncinate processes are found in most species of extant birds and also occur in extinct non-avian maniraptoran dinosaurs. Their presence in these dinosaurs represents another morphological character linking them to Aves, and further supports the presence of an avian-like air-sac respiratory system in theropod dinosaurs, prior to the evolution of flight. Here we report a phylogenetic analysis of the presence of uncinate processes in Aves and non-avian maniraptoran dinosaurs indicating that these were homologous structures. Furthermore, recent work on Canada geese has demonstrated that uncinate processes are integral to the mechanics of avian ventilation, facilitating both inspiration and expiration. In extant birds, uncinate processes function to increase the mechanical advantage for movements of the ribs and sternum during respiration. Our study presents a mechanism whereby uncinate processes, in conjunction with lateral and ventral movements of the sternum and gastral basket, affected avian-like breathing mechanics in extinct non-avian maniraptoran dinosaurs. PMID:17986432

Eagle's syndrome: treatment by intraoral bilateral resection of the ossified stylohyoid ligament. A review and report of two cases.

PubMed

Martins, Wilson Denis; Ribas, Marina de Oliveira; Bisinelli, Julio; França, Beatriz Helena Sottile; Martins, Guilherme

2013-07-01

The complexities of Eagle's syndrome are examined according to anatomical, historical, clinical, and treatment aspects. There appears to be little correlation between the extent, form, and size of the anomalies of the styloid process and the stylohyoid ligament and the predictability of patients with related symptoms. Surgical treatment and the advantages and disadvantages of each surgical approach (intra- and extraoral) are discussed. The probable causes of enlargement of the styloid process and ossification of the stylohyoid ligament are addressed. Two cases of Eagle's syndrome are presented: one unilateral and the other bilateral. An intraoral modified surgical technique is presented.

A Novel Esthetic Approach using Connective Tissue Graft for Soft Tissue Defect Following Surgical Excision of Gingival Fibrolipoma

PubMed Central

Parthasarathy, Harinath; Kumar, Praveenkrishna; Gajendran, Priyalochana; Appukuttan, Devapriya

2014-01-01

The aim of the present case report is to evaluate the adjunctive use of a connective tissue graft to overcome soft tissue defects following excision of a gingival fibrolipoma in the aesthetic region. Connective tissue graft has been well documented for treating defects of esthetic concern. However, the literature does not contain many reports on the esthetic clinical outcome following the use of connective tissue graft secondary to excision of soft tissue tumours. A 28-year-old male patient reported with a complaint of a recurrent growth in relation to his lower front tooth region. The lesion which was provisionally diagnosed as fibroma was treated with a complete surgical excision, following which a modified coronally advanced flap and connective tissue graft was adopted to overcome the soft tissue defect. The excised growth was diagnosed histologically as fibrolipoma. One year follow up showed no recurrence of the lesion and good esthetics.The adjunctive use of the connective tissue graft and modified coronally advanced flap predictably yields optimal soft tissue fill and excellent esthetics. Hence, routine use of this procedure may be recommended for surgical excision of soft tissue growths in esthetically sensitive areas. PMID:25584336

Effects of long-term construction noise on health of adult female Wistar rats.

PubMed

Zymantiene, J; Zelvyte, R; Pampariene, I; Aniuliene, A; Juodziukyniene, N; Kantautaite, J; Oberauskas, V

2017-03-28

The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of long-term building construction noise from refurbishment, which including vibration, on some physiological parameters and histopathological changes of organs of Wistar rats. Twenty 12 month old female rats were divided into two groups: rats group I (n = 10) were exposed to long-term construction noise and rats group II (n = 10) were kept under normal noise level. Study results revealed that long-term construction noise from building refurbishment has an influence on body weight, haematological and some serum biochemical parameters affects caecal microbiota, and causes histopathological changes in the organs of adult female Wistar rats. It was noticed that rats in group I exihibited significantly higher mean values for total protein, albumin and lower values for glucose, AST, ALT, blood urea nitrogen, haematological and caecal microbiota parameters than rats in group II. The most common pathologies were determined in the kidney, liver and lungs. Other observed pathologies were lymphadenopathy, catarrhal inflammation of the intestines, spleen hyperplasia and mammary gland adenofibroma. Single cases were subcutaneous fibroma in the thoracic region, abortus with uterine inflammation and thymus hyperplasia with formation of cysts were found.

The Pleiotropic Phenotype of Apc Mutations in the Mouse: Allele Specificity and Effects of the Genetic Background

PubMed Central

Halberg, Richard B.; Chen, Xiaodi; Amos-Landgraf, James M.; White, Alanna; Rasmussen, Kristin; Clipson, Linda; Pasch, Cheri; Sullivan, Ruth; Pitot, Henry C.; Dove, William F.

2008-01-01

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a human cancer syndrome characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colonic polyps and extracolonic lesions including desmoid fibromas, osteomas, epidermoid cysts, and congenital hypertrophy of the pigmented retinal epithelium. Afflicted individuals are heterozygous for mutations in the APC gene. Detailed investigations of mice heterozygous for mutations in the ortholog Apc have shown that other genetic factors strongly influence the phenotype. Here we report qualitative and quantitative modifications of the phenotype of Apc mutants as a function of three genetic variables: Apc allele, p53 allele, and genetic background. We have found major differences between the Apc alleles Min and 1638N in multiplicity and regionality of intestinal tumors, as well as in incidence of extracolonic lesions. By contrast, Min mice homozygous for either of two different knockout alleles of p53 show similar phenotypic effects. These studies illustrate the classic principle that functional genetics is enriched by assessing penetrance and expressivity with allelic series. The mouse permits study of an allelic gene series on multiple genetic backgrounds, thereby leading to a better understanding of gene action in a range of biological processes. PMID:18723878

The pleiotropic phenotype of Apc mutations in the mouse: allele specificity and effects of the genetic background.

PubMed

Halberg, Richard B; Chen, Xiaodi; Amos-Landgraf, James M; White, Alanna; Rasmussen, Kristin; Clipson, Linda; Pasch, Cheri; Sullivan, Ruth; Pitot, Henry C; Dove, William F

2008-09-01

Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a human cancer syndrome characterized by the development of hundreds to thousands of colonic polyps and extracolonic lesions including desmoid fibromas, osteomas, epidermoid cysts, and congenital hypertrophy of the pigmented retinal epithelium. Afflicted individuals are heterozygous for mutations in the APC gene. Detailed investigations of mice heterozygous for mutations in the ortholog Apc have shown that other genetic factors strongly influence the phenotype. Here we report qualitative and quantitative modifications of the phenotype of Apc mutants as a function of three genetic variables: Apc allele, p53 allele, and genetic background. We have found major differences between the Apc alleles Min and 1638N in multiplicity and regionality of intestinal tumors, as well as in incidence of extracolonic lesions. By contrast, Min mice homozygous for either of two different knockout alleles of p53 show similar phenotypic effects. These studies illustrate the classic principle that functional genetics is enriched by assessing penetrance and expressivity with allelic series. The mouse permits study of an allelic gene series on multiple genetic backgrounds, thereby leading to a better understanding of gene action in a range of biological processes.

Is There a Role for MRI in Plantar Heel Pain.

PubMed

Fazal, Muhammad Ali; Tsekes, Demetris; Baloch, Irshad

2018-06-01

There is an increasing trend to investigate plantar heel pain with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan though plantar fasciitis is the most common cause. The purpose of our study was to evaluate the role of MRI in patients presenting with plantar heel pain. Case notes and MRI scans of 141 patients with a clinical diagnosis of plantar fasciitis were reviewed retrospectively. There were 98 females and 43 males patients. Fourteen patients had bilateral symptoms. Average age for male patients was 51 years (range = 26-78 years), and for female patients the average age was 52 years (range = 29-76 years). A total of 121 feet had MRI features suggestive of plantar fasciitis. MRI was normal in 32 feet. There was one case of stress fracture of calcaneus and another of a heel fibroma diagnosed on MRI scan. In our study, MRI scan was normal in 20.7% of the cases; 1.3% had a diagnosis other than plantar fasciitis but no sinister pathology. We therefore conclude that MRI scan is not routinely indicated and key is careful clinical assessment. Therapeutic, Level IV: Retrospective, Case series.

THE EFFECT OF ENDOCRINE CHANGES, OF IRRADIATION AND OF ADDITIONAL TREATMENT OF THE SKIN ON THE INDUCTION OF TUMOURS IN THE FEMALE GENITAL TRACT OF RATS BY CHEMICAL CARCINOGENS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cherry, C.P.; Glucksmann, A.

1960-09-01

Ovariectomy reduced the incidence of vaginal tumors after intravaginal application of 9,10-dimethyl-1,2benzanthracene (DMBA), and administration of oestrogen or of progesterone raised the incidence of tumors only slightly. Repeated whole-body exposures to x rays also lowered the rate of tumor incidence after painting and so to a lesser extent did repeated pelvic irradiation of virgin rats and the application of DMBA to an additional dorsal skin region. In surgical castrates adrenalectomy or repeated pelvic irradiation restored the level of tumor incidence to that of intact and pregnant rats. Three levels of vaginal tumor incidence were found, and the distribution of tumormore » types and the length of the average induction time varied with the level: at the lowest level there were only sarcomas, at the intermediate level fibromas and presarcomatous lesions were found in addition to the sarcomas; and at the highest level the incidence of sarcomas is increased and epithelial tumors appear. Tumor induction in the vulva is not affected by castration, radiation, or hormone treatment but varies at certain dose levels with the dose of the carcinogen. (auth)« less

INFECTIOUS MYXOMATOSIS OF RABBITS

PubMed Central

Rivers, Thomas M.; Ward, S. M.

1937-01-01

From the results of the experiments described in this paper it is obvious that large amounts of elementary bodies of myxoma can be obtained in a relatively pure state by means of the methods used. Furthermore, it is evident that infectious myxomatosis is a viral disease in which elementary bodies of the same order of magnitude as vaccinal elementary bodies play a conspicuous rô1e in that they either represent the etiological agent or are intimately associated with it. The bodies are specifically agglutinated by antimyxoma serum and are agglutinated to a less extent by serum from rabbits convalescing from fibroma, a disease closely related to myxoma. In virus-free filtrates of emulsions prepared from infected skin there is a soluble precipitinogen or precipitinogens specific for the malady. Moreover, a specific precipitinogen or precipitinogens are demonstrable in virus-free serum of animals acutely ill as a result of extensive infection with myxoma virus. It is believed that this is the second viral disease, yellow fever (14) being the first, in which a specific soluble antigen free from virus has been found in the serum of ill animals. PMID:19870643

Uterine fibroid or ovarian fibroma: importance of comprehensive preoperative consent-taking to include unexpected findings with management implications.

PubMed

Kwek, Lee Koon; Wee-Stekly, Wei-Wei; Chern, Su Min Bernard

2018-02-07

A 35-year-old woman presented with an abdominal mass found incidentally on an ultrasound scan. On examination, the uterus was mobile and 14 weeks in size. Further imaging showed a large subserosal pedunculated fibroid, and she was counselled for laparoscopic myomectomy, morcellation in a bag, kept in open view. Intraoperatively, the mass was noted to be arising from the right ovarian ligament instead of the uterus, and decision was made to convert to open surgery. This case highlights important issues of consent-taking preoperatively and critical points to note regarding change in operative consent intraoperatively. This also highlights the importance of multidisciplinary cooperation as the decision had to be made with inputs made from gynae-oncology and pathology. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Comparative Impacts of Scala Vestibuli Versus Scala Tympani Cochlear Implantation on Auditory Performances and Programming Parameters in Partially Ossified Cochleae.

PubMed

Trudel, Mathieu; Côté, Mathieu; Philippon, Daniel; Simonyan, David; Villemure-Poliquin, Noémie; Bussières, Richard

2018-07-01

To compare scala vestibuli versus scala tympani cochlear implantation in terms of postoperative auditory performances and programming parameters in patients with severe scala tympani ossification. Retrospective case-control study. Tertiary referral center. One hundred three pediatric and adult patients who underwent cochlear implant surgery between 2000 and 2016. Three groups were formed: a scala vestibuli group, a scala tympani with ossification group, and a scala tympani without ossification group. Patients were matched based on their age, sex, duration of deafness, and side of implantation (ratio of 1:2:2). Postoperative evaluation of auditory performances and programming parameters following intensive functional rehabilitation program completion. Multimedia adaptive test (MAT), hearing in noise test (HINT SNR +10 dB, HINT SNR +5 dB, and HINT SNR +0 dB), impedances, neural response telemetry thresholds (NRT), neural response imaging thresholds (NRI), comfortable levels (C-levels), and threshold levels (T-levels) were compared between groups. Twenty-one patients underwent scala vestibuli cochlear implantation: 19 adults and two children. Auditory performances were similar between groups, although sentence recognition in a noisy environment was slightly higher in the scala vestibuli group. Impedance values were also higher in the scala vestibuli group, but all other programming parameters were similar between groups. We present the largest series of patients with scala vestibuli cochlear implantation. This approach provides at least comparable auditory performances without having any deleterious effects on programming parameters. This viable and useful insertion route might be the primary surgical alternative when facing partial cochlear ossification.

The teeth of the horse: evolution and anatomo-morphological and radiographic study of their development in the foetus.

PubMed

Soana, S; Gnudi, G; Bertoni, G

1999-12-01

The aim of this work was to study the ontogenetic process in teeth from their early appearance in the ossifying matrix of the mandible and maxilla, in different foetuses of scalar ages. Radiographic examinations of the skull and mandible hemisections were performed and the latero-medial (LM) and dorsoventral (DV) projections for the skull and mandible were analysed. A high-definition film-screen combination was used for this study. The exposure values ranged from 35 kV/6 mAs to 58 kV/10 mAs, according to the size of the skulls and their degree of ossification. The first dental germ observed was the P3, at 138-140 days of pregnancy. At 146 days, P2 and P4 dental germs were visible. At 160-168 days, the dental germ of the first deciduous incisor tooth (I1) appeared; at 180-188 days of pregnancy the germ of the second (I2), and at 224 days the germ of the third (I3), were detectable. At 275 days the dental germ of the mandibular first molar tooth (M1) appeared, while the maxillary M1, which was not visible radiographically, was represented by a jelly-like amorphous body within its alveolar cavity.

A Cretaceous eutriconodont and integument evolution in early mammals.

PubMed

Martin, Thomas; Marugán-Lobón, Jesús; Vullo, Romain; Martín-Abad, Hugo; Luo, Zhe-Xi; Buscalioni, Angela D

2015-10-15

The Mesozoic era (252-66 million years ago), known as the domain of dinosaurs, witnessed a remarkable ecomorphological diversity of early mammals. The key mammalian characteristics originated during this period and were prerequisite for their evolutionary success after extinction of the non-avian dinosaurs 66 million years ago. Many ecomorphotypes familiar to modern mammal fauna evolved independently early in mammalian evolutionary history. Here we report a 125-million-year-old eutriconodontan mammal from Spain with extraordinary preservation of skin and pelage that extends the record of key mammalian integumentary features into the Mesozoic era. The new mammalian specimen exhibits such typical mammalian features as pelage, mane, pinna, and a variety of skin structures: keratinous dermal scutes, protospines composed of hair-like tubules, and compound follicles with primary and secondary hairs. The skin structures of this new Mesozoic mammal encompass the same combination of integumentary features as those evolved independently in other crown Mammalia, with similarly broad structural variations as in extant mammals. Soft tissues in the thorax and abdomen (alveolar lungs and liver) suggest the presence of a muscular diaphragm. The eutriconodont has molariform tooth replacement, ossified Meckel's cartilage of the middle ear, and specialized xenarthrous articulations of posterior dorsal vertebrae, convergent with extant xenarthran mammals, which strengthened the vertebral column for locomotion.

Effects of fried potato chip supplementation on mouse pregnancy and fetal development.

PubMed

El-Sayyad, Hassan I; Abou-Egla, Mohamed H; El-Sayyad, Fawkia I; El-Ghawet, Heba A; Gaur, Rajiv L; Fernando, Augusta; Raj, Madhwa H G; Ouhtit, Allal

2011-03-01

Acrylamide (ACR), a proven rodent carcinogen, is present at significantly high quantities in commonly consumed foods such as potato chips, raising a health concern worldwide. The effects of ACR and fried potato chips (FPC) on pregnant mice and their offspring before and after birth were investigated and compared. In the pregnant mice, similar histologic abnormalities were found in various tissues for ACR intoxication and FPC supplementation. Drastic alterations were mainly seen in the liver, kidney, heart muscle, and epiphyseal cartilage of experimental dams. ACR and FPC increased the rate of abortion and neonatal mortality and decreased the total number, body weight, size, and crown-rump length of the offspring before and after birth. Interestingly, however, higher rates of congenital malformations were observed in the FPC-treated group. Although ossification of axial and appendicular bones was markedly retarded during fetal development, some ossified bones were missing in newly born offspring of treated groups. Furthermore, the incidence of missing ossification centers was higher in the FPC-treated than in the ACR-treated neonates. These results suggest that FPC can cause hazardous health effects and warrant a systematic study on the health effects of consumption of FPC and French fries in the general population. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Linking suckling biomechanics to the development of the palate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jingtao; Johnson, Chelsey A.; Smith, Andrew A.; Hunter, Daniel J.; Singh, Gurpreet; Brunski, John B.; Helms, Jill A.

2016-02-01

Skulls are amongst the most informative documents of evolutionary history but a complex geometry, coupled with composite material properties and complicated biomechanics, have made it particularly challenging to identify mechanical principles guiding the skull’s morphogenesis. Despite this challenge, multiple lines of evidence, for example the relationship between masticatory function and the evolution of jaw shape, nonetheless suggest that mechanobiology plays a major role in skull morphogenesis. To begin to tackle this persistent challenge, cellular, molecular and tissue-level analyses of the developing mouse palate were coupled with finite element modeling to demonstrate that patterns of strain created by mammalian-specific oral behaviors produce complementary patterns of chondrogenic gene expression in an initially homogeneous population of cranial neural crest cells. Neural crest cells change from an osteogenic to a chondrogenic fate, leading to the materialization of cartilaginous growth plate-like structures in the palatal midline. These growth plates contribute to lateral expansion of the head but are transient structures; when the strain patterns associated with suckling dissipate at weaning, the growth plates disappear and the palate ossifies. Thus, mechanical cues such as strain appear to co-regulate cell fate specification and ultimately, help drive large-scale morphogenetic changes in head shape.

Differential diagnosis of pediatric tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses: a 45-year multi-institutional review.

PubMed

Holsinger, F Christopher; Hafemeister, Adam C; Hicks, M John; Sulek, Marcelle; Huh, Winston W; Friedman, Ellen M

2010-11-01

We conducted a retrospective case-series review to identify the various diagnoses of neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in a pediatric population. Our study group was made up of 54 children-23 boys and 31 girls, aged 8 months to 16 years (mean: 9 yr). All patients had been diagnosed with a tumor of the nasal cavity or paranasal sinuses between Jan. 1, 1955, and Dec. 31, 1999, at one of four university-based, tertiary care referral centers. We compiled data on tumoral characteristics (location, size, and histopathology), morbidity and mortality, and rates of recurrence. Lesions included adnexal neoplasm, ameloblastic fibro-odontoma, basal cell carcinoma, benign fibrous histiocytoma, blue nevus, chondrosarcoma, compound nevus, epithelioma adenoides cysticum, esthesioneuroblastoma, Ewing sarcoma, fibrosarcoma, giant cell granuloma, granulocytic sarcoma, hemangioma, hemangiopericytoma, Langerhans cell histiocytosis, lymphangioma, lymphoma, melanoma, neuroblastoma, neurofibroma, ossifying osteofibroma, osteochondroma, osteosarcoma, port wine stain, rhabdomyosarcoma, Spitz nevus, and xanthogranuloma. To the best of our knowledge, this is the largest such study of its kind to date. We believe that the large size of this study and the data on disease incidence will allow clinicians to be better informed of the differential diagnosis of neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses in the pediatric population.

The origin of a new fin skeleton through tinkering

PubMed Central

Stewart, Thomas A.

2015-01-01

Adipose fins are positioned between the dorsal and caudal fins of many teleost fishes and primitively lack skeleton. In at least four lineages, adipose fins have evolved lepidotrichia (bony fin rays), co-opting the developmental programme for the dermal skeleton of other fins into this new territory. Here I provide, to my knowledge, the first description of lepidotrichia development in an adipose fin, characterizing the ontogeny of the redtail catfish, Phractocephalus hemioliopterus. Development of these fin rays differs from canonical lepidotrich development in the following four ways: skeleton begins developing in adults, not in larvae; rays begin developing at the fin's distal tip, not proximally; the order in which rays ossify is variable, not fixed; and lepidotrichia appear to grow both proximally and distally, not exclusively proximodistally. Lepidotrichia are often wavy, of irregular thickness and exhibit no regular pattern of segmentation or branching. This skeleton is among the most variable observed in a vertebrate appendage, offering a unique opportunity to explore the basis of hypervariation, which is generally assumed to reflect an absence of function. I argue that this variation reflects a lack of canalization as compared with other, more ancient lepidotrichs and suggest developmental context can affect the morphology of serial homologues. PMID:26179803

Developmental timing differences underlie armor loss across threespine stickleback populations.

PubMed

Currey, Mark C; Bassham, Susan; Perry, Stephen; Cresko, William A

2017-11-01

Comparing ontogenetic patterns within a well-described evolutionary context aids in inferring mechanisms of change, including heterochronies or deletion of developmental pathways. Because selection acts on phenotypes throughout ontogeny, any within-taxon developmental variation has implications for evolvability. We compare ontogenetic order and timing of locomotion and defensive traits in three populations of threespine stickleback that have evolutionarily divergent adult forms. This analysis adds to the growing understanding of developmental genetic mechanisms of adaptive change in this evolutionary model species by delineating when chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in two derived populations begin to deviate from the developmental pattern in their immediate ancestors. We found that differences in adult defensive morphologies arise through abolished or delayed initiation of these traits rather than via an overall heterochronic shift, that intra-population ontogenetic variation is increased for some derived traits, and that altered armor developmental timing differentiates the derived populations from each other despite parallels in adult lateral plate armor phenotypes. We found that changes in ossified elements of the pelvic armor are linked to delayed and incomplete development of an early-forming pelvic cartilage, and that this disruption likely presages the variable pelvic vestiges documented in many derived populations. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The social brain meets the reactive genome: neuroscience, epigenetics and the new social biology

PubMed Central

Meloni, Maurizio

2014-01-01

The rise of molecular epigenetics over the last few years promises to bring the discourse about the sociality and susceptibility to environmental influences of the brain to an entirely new level. Epigenetics deals with molecular mechanisms such as gene expression, which may embed in the organism “memories” of social experiences and environmental exposures. These changes in gene expression may be transmitted across generations without changes in the DNA sequence. Epigenetics is the most advanced example of the new postgenomic and context-dependent view of the gene that is making its way into contemporary biology. In my article I will use the current emergence of epigenetics and its link with neuroscience research as an example of the new, and in a way unprecedented, sociality of contemporary biology. After a review of the most important developments of epigenetic research, and some of its links with neuroscience, in the second part I reflect on the novel challenges that epigenetics presents for the social sciences for a re-conceptualization of the link between the biological and the social in a postgenomic age. Although epigenetics remains a contested, hyped, and often uncritical terrain, I claim that especially when conceptualized in broader non-genecentric frameworks, it has a genuine potential to reformulate the ossified biology/society debate. PMID:24904353

Thyroid Hormone Receptors Control Developmental Maturation of the Middle Ear and the Size of the Ossicular Bones

PubMed Central

Cordas, Emily A.; Ng, Lily; Hernandez, Arturo; Kaneshige, Masahiro; Cheng, Sheue-Yann

2012-01-01

Thyroid hormone is critical for auditory development and has well-known actions in the inner ear. However, less is known of thyroid hormone functions in the middle ear, which contains the ossicles (malleus, incus, stapes) that relay mechanical sound vibrations from the outer ear to the inner ear. During the later stages of middle ear development, prior to the onset of hearing, middle ear cavitation occurs, involving clearance of mesenchyme from the middle ear cavity while the immature cartilaginous ossicles attain appropriate size and ossify. Using in situ hybridization, we detected expression of Thra and Thrb genes encoding thyroid hormone receptors α1 and β (TRα1 and TRβ, respectively) in the immature ossicles, surrounding mesenchyme and tympanic membrane in the mouse. Thra+/PV mice that express a dominant-negative TRα1 protein exhibited deafness with elevated auditory thresholds and a range of middle ear abnormalities including chronic persistence of mesenchyme in the middle ear into adulthood, markedly enlarged ossicles, and delayed ossification of the ossicles. Congenitally hypothyroid Tshr−/− mice and TR-deficient Thra1−/−;Thrb−/− mice displayed similar abnormalities. These findings demonstrate that middle ear maturation is TR dependent and suggest that the middle ear is a sensitive target for thyroid hormone in development. PMID:22253431

Temporomandibular Joint Regenerative Medicine

PubMed Central

Van Bellinghen, Xavier; Idoux-Gillet, Ysia; Pugliano, Marion; Strub, Marion; Bornert, Fabien; Clauss, Francois; Schwinté, Pascale; Keller, Laetitia; Benkirane-Jessel, Nadia; Lutz, Jean Christophe; Fioretti, Florence

2018-01-01

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is an articulation formed between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyle which is commonly affected. These affections are often so painful during fundamental oral activities that patients have lower quality of life. Limitations of therapeutics for severe TMJ diseases have led to increased interest in regenerative strategies combining stem cells, implantable scaffolds and well-targeting bioactive molecules. To succeed in functional and structural regeneration of TMJ is very challenging. Innovative strategies and biomaterials are absolutely crucial because TMJ can be considered as one of the most difficult tissues to regenerate due to its limited healing capacity, its unique histological and structural properties and the necessity for long-term prevention of its ossified or fibrous adhesions. The ideal approach for TMJ regeneration is a unique scaffold functionalized with an osteochondral molecular gradient containing a single stem cell population able to undergo osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation such as BMSCs, ADSCs or DPSCs. The key for this complex regeneration is the functionalization with active molecules such as IGF-1, TGF-β1 or bFGF. This regeneration can be optimized by nano/micro-assisted functionalization and by spatiotemporal drug delivery systems orchestrating the 3D formation of TMJ tissues. PMID:29393880

First report of Plesiochelys etalloni and Tropidemys langii from the Late Jurassic of the UK and the palaeobiogeography of plesiochelyid turtles

PubMed Central

Chapman, Sandra D.

2016-01-01

Plesiochelyidae is a clade of relatively large coastal marine turtles that inhabited the shallow epicontinental seas that covered western Europe during the Late Jurassic. Although the group has been reported from many deposits, the material is rarely identified at the species level. Here, we describe historical plesiochelyid material from the Kimmeridge Clay Formation of England and compare it with contemporaneous localities from the continent. An isolated basicranium is referred to the plesiochelyid Plesiochelys etalloni based notably on the presence of a fully ossified pila prootica. This specimen represents the largest individual known so far for this species and is characterized by remarkably robust features. It is, however, uncertain whether this represents an ontogenetic trend towards robustness in this species, some kind of specific variation (temporal, geographical or sexual), or an abnormal condition of this particular specimen. Four other specimens from the Kimmeridge Clay are referred to the plesiochelyid Tropidemys langii. This contradicts a recent study that failed to identify this species in this formation. This is the first time, to the best of our knowledge, that the presence of Plesiochelys etalloni and Tropidemys langii is confirmed outside the Swiss and French Jura Mountains. Our results indicate that some plesiochelyids had a wide palaeobiogeographic distribution during the Kimmeridgian. PMID:26909172

Fluorescence and reflectance properties of hemoglobin-pigmented skin disorders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Troyanova, P.; Borisova, E.; Avramov, L.

2007-06-01

There has been growing interest in clinical application of laser-induced autofluorescence (LIAF) and reflectance spectroscopy (RS) to differentiate disease from normal surrounding tissue, including skin pathologies. Pigmented cutaneous lesions diagnosis plays important role in clinical practice, as malignant melanoma, which is characterized with greatest mortality from all skin cancer types, must be carefully discriminated form other colorized pathologies. The goals of this work were investigation of cutaneous hemoglobin-pigmented lesions (heamangioma, angiokeratoma, and fibroma) by the methods of LIAFS and RS. Spectra from healthy skin areas near to the lesion were detected to be used posteriori in analysis. Fluorescence and reflectance of cutaneous hemoglobin-pigmented lesions are used to develop criterion for differentiation from other pigmented pathologies. Origins of the spectral features obtained are discussed and determination of lesion types is achieved using selected spectral features. The spectral results, obtained were used to develop multispectral diagnostic algorithms based on the most prominent spectral features from the fluorescence and reflectance spectra of the lesions investigated. In comparison between normal skin and different cutaneous lesion types and between lesion types themselves sensitivities and specificities higher than 90 % were achieved. These results show a perspective possibility to differentiate hemoglobin-pigmented lesions from other pigmented pathologies using non-invasive and real time discrimination procedure.

Focal fibrous hyperplasia: A review of 193 cases.

PubMed

de Santana Santos, Thiago; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo Saquete; Piva, Marta Rabello; de Souza Andrade, Emanuel Sávio

2014-09-01

Focal fibrous hyperplasia, also known as irritation or traumatic fibroma, is a reactive, inflammatory hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue. The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective study of a focal fibrous hyperplasia of 18 years. We retrospectively reviewed 193 cases of focal fibrous hyperplasia of the oral cavity from the medical and histological reports of the Department of Oral Pathology, Pernambuco University, Brazil, during the period between January 1992 and December 2009. Data with regard to age, gender, location, size of the lesion (equal to or less than 1 cm, between 1 and 2 cm and greater than 2 cm), pain, history of trauma, treatment, length of follow-up (from diagnosis to release or last review) and recurrence, were collected. The most commonly affected site was the buccal mucosa (n = 119, 61.7%). Almost two-thirds of the cases were concentrated from the second to the fifth decade of life. Females were more affected than men and a history of trauma was related by 90.7% of the patients. Two recurrences were notified (1.0%). Further studies are needed on the distribution of the lesion in different ethnic and geographical populations. The influence of sex hormones on the development of focal fibrous hyperplasia must be clarified.

Use of cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads for treatment of cutaneous neoplasia in equidae: 59 cases (2000-2004).

PubMed

Hewes, Christina A; Sullins, Kenneth E

2006-11-15

To determine outcome for equids with cutaneous neoplasms treated with cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads, alone or in conjunction with debulking. Retrospective case series. 56 horses, 1 zebra, 1 donkey, and 1 mule. Medical records were reviewed. Follow-up information was obtained through telephone conversations with owners and trainers of the animals. 22 tumors were sarcoids, 6 were fibrosarcomas, 1 was a fibroma, 2 were peripheral nerve sheath tumors, 11 were squamous cell carcinomas, 14 were melanomas (13 gray horses and 1 bay horse), 1 was a lymphosarcoma, 1 was an adenocarcinoma, and 1 was a basal cell tumor. Forty-five (76%) animals underwent conventional or laser debulking of the tumor prior to bead implantation. Forty of 48 (83%) animals for which long-term follow-up information was available were relapse free 2 years after treatment. This included 20 of 22 animals with spindle cell tumors (including 11/13 horses with sarcoids), 6 of 10 animals with squamous cell carcinomas, 13 of 14 animals with melanomas, and 2 of 3 animals with other tumor types. Adverse effects were minimal. Results suggest that implantation of cisplatin-containing biodegradable beads, with or without tumor debulking, may be an effective treatment for equidae with various cutaneous neoplasms.

Tumours of the upper alimentary tract

PubMed Central

Head, K. W.

1976-01-01

Tumours of the oropharynx of domestic animals are common in most parts of the world, but squamous cell carcinoma of the upper alimentary tract shows differences in prevalence in different geographical areas and occurs at different sites in the various species. Oral tumours of the melanogenic system are more common in dogs than in man. The following main histological categories, which broadly correspond to those used in the classification of tumours of man, are described: papilloma; squamous cell carcinoma; salivary gland tumours; malignant melanoma; tumours of soft (mesenchymal) tissues; tumours of the facial bones; tumours of haematopoietic and related tissues; and odontogenic tumours and jaw cysts. Papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma, malignant melanoma, fibroma, and fibrosarcoma account for about 80% of the tumours that occur in the upper alimentary tract of domestic animals. ImagesFig. 6Fig. 7Fig. 8Fig. 9Fig. 34Fig. 35Fig. 36Fig. 37Fig. 2Fig. 3Fig. 4Fig. 5Fig. 22Fig. 23Fig. 24Fig. 25Fig. 26Fig. 27Fig. 28Fig. 29Fig. 14Fig. 15Fig. 16Fig. 17Fig. 30Fig. 31Fig. 32Fig. 33Fig. 18Fig. 19Fig. 20Fig. 21Fig. 10Fig. 11Fig. 12Fig. 13Fig. 1 PMID:1086147

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: a clinical pathological analysis of seventeen cases

PubMed Central

Yu, Guojun; Wang, Yibing; Wang, Guangjun; Zhang, Dawei; Sun, Yong

2015-01-01

To discuss the clinical and pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI), seventeen FHI specimens were analyzed with H&E staining and strepavidin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry to detect distinguishing tissue markers. The long-term outcomes of select cases were also obtained. Among the 17 patients (13 males, 4 females, average age 16 months), FHI manifested as a subcutaneous painless mass, primarily on the back of the neck, the upper arms and buttocks. One recurrence was noted among six follow-up cases. The tumors consisted of three main components: fibrous connective tissue; mature fat; and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that fibrous connective tissue was positive for SMA and actin, mature fat tissue was positive for S-100 protein, and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue was positive for CD34 and was partially positive for actin and SMA. The tumors were negative for desmin, NSE, bcl-2, β-catenin and Ki-67. In brief, FHI is a benign, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferative lesion. Defined histologic features of FHI as presented here would distinguish FHI from similar invasive tumors including infant fibromatosis, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, fibrous fatty tumor and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Once clearly identified, FHI is curable with complete resection. PMID:26045872

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: a clinical pathological analysis of seventeen cases.

PubMed

Yu, Guojun; Wang, Yibing; Wang, Guangjun; Zhang, Dawei; Sun, Yong

2015-01-01

To discuss the clinical and pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI), seventeen FHI specimens were analyzed with H&E staining and strepavidin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry to detect distinguishing tissue markers. The long-term outcomes of select cases were also obtained. Among the 17 patients (13 males, 4 females, average age 16 months), FHI manifested as a subcutaneous painless mass, primarily on the back of the neck, the upper arms and buttocks. One recurrence was noted among six follow-up cases. The tumors consisted of three main components: fibrous connective tissue; mature fat; and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that fibrous connective tissue was positive for SMA and actin, mature fat tissue was positive for S-100 protein, and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue was positive for CD34 and was partially positive for actin and SMA. The tumors were negative for desmin, NSE, bcl-2, β-catenin and Ki-67. In brief, FHI is a benign, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferative lesion. Defined histologic features of FHI as presented here would distinguish FHI from similar invasive tumors including infant fibromatosis, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, fibrous fatty tumor and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Once clearly identified, FHI is curable with complete resection.

The primary structure of the thymidine kinase gene of fish lymphocystis disease virus.

PubMed

Schnitzler, P; Handermann, M; Szépe, O; Darai, G

1991-06-01

The DNA nucleotide sequence of the thymidine kinase (TK) gene of fish lymphocystis disease virus (FLDV) which has been localized between the coordinates 0.678 to 0.688 of the viral genome was determined. The analysis of the DNA nucleotide sequence located between the recognition sites of HindIII (0.669 map unit; nucleotide position 1) and AccI (nucleotide position 2032) revealed the presence of an open reading frame of 954 bp on the lower strand of this region between nucleotide positions 1868 (ATG) and 915 (TAA). It encodes for a protein of 318 amino acid residues. The evolutionary relationships of the TK gene of FLDV to the other known TK genes was investigated using the method of progressive sequence alignment. These analyses revealed a high degree of diversity between the protein sequence of FLDV TK gene and the amino acid composition of other TKs tested. However, significant conservations were detected at several regions of amino acid residues of the FLDV TK protein when compared to the amino acid sequence of TKs of African swine fever virus, fowlpox virus, shope fibroma virus, and vaccinia virus and to the amino acid sequences of the cellular cytoplasmic TK of chicken, mouse, and man.

MUC4 is a sensitive and extremely useful marker for sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma: association with FUS gene rearrangement.

PubMed

Doyle, Leona A; Wang, Wei-Lien; Dal Cin, Paola; Lopez-Terrada, Dolores; Mertens, Fredrik; Lazar, Alexander J F; Fletcher, Christopher D M; Hornick, Jason L

2012-10-01

Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare aggressive fibroblastic neoplasm composed of cords of epithelioid cells embedded in a dense collagenous stroma. The reported immunophenotype of SEF is nonspecific. Some SEF cases show morphologic and molecular overlap with low-grade fibromyxoid sarcoma (LGFMS), suggesting a relationship between these tumor types. MUC4 has recently been identified as a sensitive and specific marker for LGFMS; MUC4 expression was also observed in 2 tumors with hybrid features of SEF and LGFMS. We investigated MUC4 expression in SEF and other epithelioid soft tissue tumors to determine (1) the potential diagnostic utility of MUC4 for SEF and (2) the association between MUC4 expression and FUS rearrangement in SEF. Whole sections of 180 tumors were evaluated: 41 cases of SEF (including 29 "pure" SEF and 12 hybrid LGFMS-SEF), 20 epithelioid sarcomas, 11 clear cell sarcomas, 11 metastatic melanomas, 10 perivascular epithelioid cell tumors, 10 alveolar soft part sarcomas, 10 epithelioid angiosarcomas, 10 epithelioid hemangioendotheliomas, 10 epithelioid gastrointestinal stromal tumors, 10 myoepithelial carcinomas, 17 ossifying fibromyxoid tumors, 10 leiomyosarcomas, and 10 biphasic synovial sarcomas. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed after antigen retrieval using a mouse anti-MUC4 monoclonal antibody. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on 33 SEF cases using FUS break-apart probes. A subset of cases was also evaluated for EWSR1 and CREB3L2/L1 rearrangements by FISH. Strong diffuse cytoplasmic staining for MUC4 was observed in 32 of 41 (78%) cases of SEF, including all 12 hybrid tumors. FUS rearrangement was detected in 8 of 21 (38%) MUC4-positive cases of SEF with successful FISH studies. The prevalence of FUS rearrangement was similar in hybrid LGFMS-SEF (2 of 6; 33%) and SEF without an LGFMS component (6 of 15; 40%). FUS rearrangement was not detected in any cases of MUC4-negative SEF. Two hybrid tumors had

Management of cervical myelopathy due to ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament in a patient with Alström syndrome.

PubMed

Kanna, Rishi Mugesh; Gradil, Daniela; Boszczyk, Bronek M

2012-12-01

Alström syndrome (AS) is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disorder with multisystemic involvement characterised by early blindness, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, dilated cardiomyopathy, and progressive hepatic and renal dysfunction. The clinical features, time of onset and severity can vary greatly among different patients. Many of the phenotypes are often not present in infancy but develop throughout childhood and adolescence. Recessively inherited mutations in ALMS1 gene are considered to be responsible for the causation of AS. Musculoskeletal manifestations including scoliosis and kyphosis have been previously described. Here, we present a patient with AS who presented with cervical myelopathy due to extensive flowing ossification of the anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments of the cervical spine resulting in cervical spinal cord compression. The presence of an auto-fused spine in an acceptable sagittal alignment, in the background of a constellation of medical comorbidities, which necessitated a less morbid surgical approach, favored a posterior cervical laminectomy decompression in this patient. Postoperatively, the patient showed significant neurological recovery with improved function. Follow-up MRI showed substantial enlargement of the spinal canal with improved space available for the spinal cord. The rarity of the syndrome, cervical myelopathy due to ossified posterior longitudinal ligament as a disease phenotype and the treatment considerations for performing a posterior cervical decompression have been discussed in this Grand Rounds' case presentation.

Formal Approach For Resilient Reachability based on End-System Route Agility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rauf, Usman; Gillani, Fida; Al-Shaer, Ehab

The deterministic nature of existing routing protocols has resulted into an ossified Internet with static and predictable network routes. This gives persistent attackers (e.g. eavesdroppers and DDoS attackers) plenty of time to study the network and identify the vulnerable links (critical) to plan a devastating and stealthy attack. Recently, route mutation approaches have been proposed to address such issues. However, these approaches incur significantly high overhead and depend upon the availability of disjoint routes in the network, which inherently limit their use for mission critical services. To cope with these issues, we extend the current routing architecture to consider end-hostsmore » as routing elements, and present a formal method based agile defense mechanism to increase resiliency of the existing cyber infrastructure. The major contributions of this paper include: (1) formalization of efficient and resilient End to End (E2E) reachability problem as a constraint satisfaction problem, which identifies the potential end-hosts to reach a destination while satisfying resilience and QoS constraints, (2) design and implementation of a novel decentralized End Point Route Mutation (EPRM) protocol, and (3) design and implementation of planning algorithm to minimize the overlap between multiple flows, for the sake of maximizing the agility in the system. Our implementation and evaluation validates the correctness, effectiveness and scalability of the proposed approach.« less

A seventeenth century mandibular tumor in a North American Indian

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kelln, E.E.; McMichael, E.V.; Zimmermann, B.

1967-01-01

The oldest tumor so far recorded is believed to have been a hemangioma. It occurred in a bone of a dinosaur’s tail1 and thus considerably antedates the historical period. The oldest known human tumor is much younger, dating back only to the middle of the third century after Christ.1 It was found in the catacombs of Kom el Shougafa in Alexandria, Egypt. This bony tumor (believed to be an osteosarcoma) occurred in the ischium and lower part of the ilium of a pelvic bone. Mention also should be made of a sixteenth century Danish skeleton from Noestried, which had 134 osteomas, and the Bovidal skull, in which there was a sinus osteoma weighing over 12 pounds.2Tumorlike lesions were obviously a problem in Egypt and Assyria, as dissecting instruments and instructions for tumor removal have been found.3 Paleopathologic studies have not yet disclosed bony tumors which occurred in these periods when vigorous embalming techniques were in vogue, and it is possible that only soft-tissue tumors were of concern. Such soft-tissue tumors, of course, would not survive to the present day, and relative accounts of prehistoric neoplasms must be largely based on intraosseus or calcified tumors. Roentgenographic bone patterns, correlated with size, site, age, etc., have led archaeologists and paleopathologists to believe that most surviving ossified tumors are osteomas and osteosarcomas.4

Diagnosis and treatment of infraspinatus tendon-bursa ossification in a Eurasian Dog.

PubMed

Ungru, Julia; Hungerbühler, Stephan; Henninger, Wolfgang; Klupiec, Petra; Bödeker, Julia; Langer, Anna; Fehr, Michael; Harms, Oliver

2018-04-01

A 4-year-old male Eurasian Dog presented at our veterinary clinic with a history of perpetual forelimb lameness in both thoracic limbs. In the clinical exploration, direct pressure over the infraspinatus tendon of insertion caused pain in both thoracic forelimbs and a firm band-like structure was palpable. No improvement was observed after treatment with rest, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and an intralesional injection of a long-acting glucocorticoid. Radiographic examination, ultrasonographic exploration and computed tomography were performed, identifying ossified structures lateral to the proximal humerus and an irregular roughened periosteum at the insertion and tendon of the infraspinatus muscle on both sides. There were more distinct alterations on the right thoracic limb. The imaging results led to a diagnosis of an infraspinatus tendon-bursa ossification accompanied by a chronic tendinopathy/tendovaginitis, accentuated on the right side. The dog was subjected to physiotherapy and autologous conditioned plasma (ACP) was injected into the insertion of the infraspinatus muscle of both thoracic limbs. After 5 months of physiotherapy and two injections of ACP with an interval of one week in both forelimbs, the dog showed no signs of lameness. This case report describes the diagnosis and management of infraspinatus tendon-bursa ossification in a Eurasian Dog. To the authors' knowledge, this condition has previously not been described in this breed of dog. Schattauer GmbH.

Pathogenesis of myelopathy in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

PubMed

Matsunaga, Shunji; Kukita, Makoto; Hayashi, Kyoji; Shinkura, Reiko; Koriyama, Chihaya; Sakou, Takashi; Komiya, Setsuro

2002-03-01

The goal of this study was to clarify the pathogenesis of myelopathy in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) based on the relationship between static compression factors and dynamic factors. There was a total of 247 patients, including 167 patients who were conservatively followed for a mean of 11 years and 2 months and 80 patients who had myelopathy at initial consultation and underwent surgery. The changes in clinical symptoms associated with OPLL in the cervical spine were examined periodically. During the natural course of OPLL in the cervical spine, 37 (22%) of 167 patients developed or suffered aggravated spinal symptoms. All of the patients with a space available for the spinal cord (SAC) less than 6 mm suffered myelopathy, whereas the patients with an SAC diameter of 14 mm or greater did not. No correlation was found between the presence or absence of myelopathy in patients whose SAC diameter ranged from 6 mm to less than 14 mm. In patients with myelopathy whose minimal SAC diameter ranged from 6 mm to less than 14 mm, the range of motion of the cervical spine was significantly greater. These results indicate that pathological compression by the ossified ligament above a certain critical point may be the most significant factor in inducing myelopathy, whereas below that point dynamic factors may be largely involved in inducing myelopathy.

Reconstruction of Punitive Ear Amputations in Uganda: A Unique Surgical Burden of Disease.

PubMed

Dusseldorp, Joseph; Hodges, Andrew; Patel, Anup; Marchac, Alexandre; Firmin, Françoise

2015-06-01

Over the course of 12 months, a plastic surgical team from Paris, France, undertook 2 intensive ear reconstruction missions with plastic surgeons from the CoRSU Rehabilitation Hospital in Uganda. A cohort of over 30 adult women was assessed having been subjected to ear amputations by members of the Lords Resistance Army in Northern Uganda in the 1990s. The patients were identified, mobilized, and transferred to Kampala for surgery by a charitable arm of the Watoto Church, known as Living Hope. The surgical team performed 15 ear reconstruction cases during the first 1-week mission and 16 ear reconstruction cases during the second 1-week mission. All cases were reconstructed successfully using the 2-stage autologous auricular reconstruction method advocated by the senior author (FF). Local skin was used to cover the costal cartilage framework in the first stage without need for temporo-parietal fascial flaps. Technical challenges included the older age of patients and ossified costal cartilage, high prevalence of HIV positivity, bilateral amputation, and difficulty of surgical follow-up. The main modifications to standard practice were routine pre-op testing of the costal cartilage, pre-op viral load and CD4 count screening in HIV-positive patients, simultaneous bilateral first-stage ear reconstruction, prolonged hospital stay, and implementation of routine surgical counting procedures.

Skeletal development of hallucal tarsometatarsal joint curvature and angulation in extant apes and modern humans.

PubMed

Gill, Corey M; Bredella, Miriam A; DeSilva, Jeremy M

2015-11-01

The medial cuneiform, namely the curvature and angulation of its distal facet with metatarsal 1, is crucial as a stabilizer in bipedal locomotion and an axis upon which the great toe medially deviates during arboreal locomotion in extant apes. Previous work has shown that facet curvature and angulation in adult dry-bone specimens can distinguish African apes from Homo, and can even distinguish among species of Gorilla. This study provides the first ontogenetic assessment of medial cuneiform curvature and angulation in juvenile (n = 68) and adult specimens (n = 102) using computed tomography in humans and extant ape specimens, including Pongo. Our data find that modern human juveniles initially have a convex and slightly medially oriented osseous surface of the developing medial cuneiform distal facet that flattens and becomes more distally oriented with age. The same pattern (though of a different magnitude) occurs developmentally in the chimpanzee medial cuneiform, but not in Gorilla or Pongo, whose medial cuneiform facet angulation remains unchanged ontogenetically. These data suggest that the medial cuneiform ossifies in a distinguishable pattern between Pongo, Gorilla, Pan, and Homo, which may in part be due to subtle differences in the loading environment at the hallucal tarsometatarsal joint-a finding that has important implications for interpreting fossil medial cuneiforms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Delayed endochondral ossification in early medial coronoid disease (MCD): a morphological and immunohistochemical evaluation in growing Labrador retrievers.

PubMed

Lau, S F; Hazewinkel, H A W; Grinwis, G C M; Wolschrijn, C F; Siebelt, M; Vernooij, J C M; Voorhout, G; Tryfonidou, M A

2013-09-01

Medial coronoid disease (MCD) is a common joint disease of dogs. It has a multifactorial aetiology, but the relationship between known causal factors and the disease has yet to be elucidated. As most of the published literature is clinical and it reports changes associated with advanced disease, it is not known whether the changes reflect the cause or consequences of the condition. The aim of this study was to investigate early micromorphological changes occurring in articular cartilage and to describe the postnatal development of the medial coronoid process (MCP) before MCD develops. Three litters of MCD-prone young Labrador retrievers were purpose-bred from a dam and two sires with MCD. Comparisons of the micromorphological appearance of the MCP in MCD-negative and MCD-positive joints demonstrated that MCD was initially associated with a disturbance of endochondral ossification, namely a delay in the calcification of the calcifying zone, without concurrent abnormalities in the superficial layers of the joint cartilage. Cartilage canals containing patent blood vessels were only detected in dogs <12 weeks old, but the role of these channels in impaired ossification requires further investigation. Retained hyaline cartilage might ossify as the disease progresses, but weak areas can develop into cracks between the retained cartilage and the subchondral bone, leading to cleft formation and fragmentation of the MCP. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Vertebral architecture in the earliest stem tetrapods.

PubMed

Pierce, Stephanie E; Ahlberg, Per E; Hutchinson, John R; Molnar, Julia L; Sanchez, Sophie; Tafforeau, Paul; Clack, Jennifer A

2013-02-14

The construction of the vertebral column has been used as a key anatomical character in defining and diagnosing early tetrapod groups. Rhachitomous vertebrae--in which there is a dorsally placed neural arch and spine, an anteroventrally placed intercentrum and paired, posterodorsally placed pleurocentra--have long been considered the ancestral morphology for tetrapods. Nonetheless, very little is known about vertebral anatomy in the earliest stem tetrapods, because most specimens remain trapped in surrounding matrix, obscuring important anatomical features. Here we describe the three-dimensional vertebral architecture of the Late Devonian stem tetrapod Ichthyostega using propagation phase-contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography. Our scans reveal a diverse array of new morphological, and associated developmental and functional, characteristics, including a possible posterior-to-anterior vertebral ossification sequence and the first evolutionary appearance of ossified sternal elements. One of the most intriguing features relates to the positional relationships between the vertebral elements, with the pleurocentra being unexpectedly sutured or fused to the intercentra that directly succeed them, indicating a 'reverse' rhachitomous design. Comparison of Ichthyostega with two other stem tetrapods, Acanthostega and Pederpes, shows that reverse rhachitomous vertebrae may be the ancestral condition for limbed vertebrates. This study fundamentally revises our current understanding of vertebral column evolution in the earliest tetrapods and raises questions about the presumed vertebral architecture of tetrapodomorph fish and later, more crownward, tetrapods.

Correlation between morphometry of the suprascapular notch and anthropometric measurements of the scapula.

PubMed

Polguj, M; Jędrzejewski, K S; Podgórski, M; Topol, M

2011-05-01

The concept of the study was to find the correlation between the morphometry of the suprascapular notch and basic anthropometric measurements of the human scapula. The measurements of the human scapulae included: morphological length and width, maximal width and length projection of scapular spine, length of acromion, and maximal length of the coracoid process. The glenoid cavity was measured in two perpendicular directions to evaluate its width and length. The width-length scapular and glenoid cavity indexes were calculated for every bone. In addition to standard anthropometric measurements two other measurements were defined and evaluated for every suprascapular notch: maximal depth (MD) and superior transverse diameter (STD). The superior transverse suprascapular ligament was completely ossified in 7% of cases. Ten (11.6%) scapulae had a discrete notch. In the studied material, in 21 (24.4%) scapulae the MD was longer than the STD. Two (2.3%) scapulae had equal maximal depth and superior transverse diameter. In 47 (57.7%) scapulae the superior transverse diameter was longer than the maximal depth. There was no statistically significant difference between anthropometric measurements in the group with higher MD and the group with higher STD. The maximal depth of the suprascapular notch negatively correlated with the scapular width-length index. The maximal depth of the scapular notch correlated with the morphological length of the scapulae.

Stable Isotope Analysis of Extant Lamnoid Shark Centra: A New Tool in Age Determination?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Labs, J.

2003-12-01

The oxygen isotopes of fourteen vertebral centra from ten extant lamnoid sharks (including Carcharodon carcharias [great white], Isurus paucus [longfin mako], and Isurus oxyrinchus [shortfin mako]) were sampled and measured along the growth axis to determine the periodicity of incremental growth represented in the centra. As part of the internal (endochondral) skeleton, shark centra are composed initially of hyaline cartilage, which then secondarily ossifies during ontogeny forming calcified hydroxyapatite bone. The incremental growth of shark centra forms definite growth rings, with darker denser portions being deposited during slower growth times (i.e., winter) and lighter portions being deposited during more rapid growth (i.e., summer). Thus, shark centra, whether they are extant or extinct, are characterized by clearly delineated incremental growth couplets. The problem with this general rule is that there are several factors in which the growth of these couplets can vary depending upon physical environment (including temperature and water depth), food availability, and stress. The challenge for paleobiological interpretations is how to interpret the periodicity of this growth. It can generally be assumed that these bands are annual, but it is uncertain the extent to which exceptions to the rule occur. Stable isotopic analysis provides the potential to independently determine the periodicity of the growth increments and ultimately the ontogenetic age of an individual.

Expressing human SHOX in Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice leads to congenital osteoarthritis-like disease of the temporomandibular joint in postnatal mice

PubMed Central

Liang, Wenna; Li, Xihai; Chen, Houhuang; Shao, Xiang; Lin, Xuejuan; Shen, Jianying; Ding, Shanshan; Kang, Jie; Li, Candong

2016-01-01

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a unique synovial joint whose development differs from that of other synovial joints, develops from two distinct mesenchymal condensations that grow toward each other and ossify through different mechanisms. The short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2) gene serves an important role in TMJ development and previous studies have demonstrated that Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice display a TMJ defective phenotype, congenital dysplasia and premature eroding of the articular disc, which is clinically defined as a TMJ disorder. In the present study, Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse models were used to investigate the mechanisms of congenital osteoarthritis (OA)-like disease during postnatal TMJ growth. Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice were observed to develop a severe muscle wasting syndrome from day 7 postnatal. Histological examination indicated that the condyle and glenoid fossa of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice was reduced in size in the second week after birth. The condyles of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice exhibited reduced expression levels of collagen type II and Indian hedgehog, and increased expression of collagen type I. A marked increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP13 in the condyles was also observed. These cellular and molecular defects may contribute to the observed (OA)-like phenotype of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse TMJs. PMID:27601064

Expressing human SHOX in Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice leads to congenital osteoarthritis‑like disease of the temporomandibular joint in postnatal mice.

PubMed

Liang, Wenna; Li, Xihai; Chen, Houhuang; Shao, Xiang; Lin, Xuejuan; Shen, Jianying; Ding, Shanshan; Kang, Jie; Li, Candong

2016-10-01

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ), a unique synovial joint whose development differs from that of other synovial joints, develops from two distinct mesenchymal condensations that grow toward each other and ossify through different mechanisms. The short stature homeobox 2 (Shox2) gene serves an important role in TMJ development and previous studies have demonstrated that Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice display a TMJ defective phenotype, congenital dysplasia and premature eroding of the articular disc, which is clinically defined as a TMJ disorder. In the present study, Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse models were used to investigate the mechanisms of congenital osteoarthritis (OA)‑like disease during postnatal TMJ growth. Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice were observed to develop a severe muscle wasting syndrome from day 7 postnatal. Histological examination indicated that the condyle and glenoid fossa of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice was reduced in size in the second week after birth. The condyles of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mice exhibited reduced expression levels of collagen type II and Indian hedgehog, and increased expression of collagen type I. A marked increase in matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) and MMP13 in the condyles was also observed. These cellular and molecular defects may contribute to the observed (OA)‑like phenotype of Shox2SHOX KI/KI mouse TMJs.

Development of short-snouted seahorse (Hippocampus hippocampus, L. 1758): osteological and morphological aspects.

PubMed

Novelli, B; Otero-Ferrer, F; Socorro, J A; Caballero, M J; Segade-Botella, A; Molina Domínguez, L

2017-06-01

Information about early development after male release lags behind studies of juveniles and adult seahorses, and newborn seahorses, similar in shape to adults, are considered juveniles or fry. During early life, Hippocampus hippocampus present behavioural (shift in habitat, from planktonic to benthic) and morphological changes; for this reasons, the aims of this study are to define the stage of development of H. hippocampus after they are expelled from the male brood pouch and to establish direct or indirect development through an osteological analysis. The ossification process was studied in 120 individuals, from their release to 30 days after birth. To analyse the osteological development, Alcian Blue-Alizarin Red double staining technique for bone and cartilage was adapted to this species. At birth, H. hippocampus presents a mainly cartilaginous structure that ossifies in approximately 1 month. The bony armour composed of bony rings and plates develops in 10 days. The caudal fin, a structure absent in juveniles and adult seahorses, is present at birth and progressively disappears with age. The absence of adult osteological structure in newborns, like coronet, bony rings and plates, head spines and components allowing tail prehensile abilities, suggests a metamorphosis before the juvenile stage. During the indirect development, the metamorphic stage started inside brood pouch and followed outside and leads up to reconsider the status of H. hippocampus newborns.

Circumferential Peyronie's disease involving both the corpora cavernosa.

PubMed

Narita, T; Kudo, H; Matsumoto, K

1995-05-01

An extraordinary form of Peyronies disease is reported. The patient was a 52 year old male, who died of a malignant thymoma with multiple bone metastasis, extensive pleural carcinomatosis of the left lung and some metastatic nodules in the liver and the mesenterium. At autopsy, the proximal and middle portions of the penis were very hard. Macroscopically, the entire tunica albuginea of both the corpora cavernosa was markedly thickened, 2-4 mm; and calcified. Microscopically, the tunica albuginea showed extensive hyaline degeneration, calcification and ossifying foci with osteoblasts and osteoclasts. Inflammatory cells were frequently found beneath the thickened tunica albuginea. In the corpus cavernosum, cavernous arteries showed marked intimal thickening and medial muscular degeneration with a few inflammatory cells. Smooth muscles of the stroma were extensively atrophic and degenerative, and some of them were infiltrated with a few inflammatory cells. In the corpus spongiosum, the tunica albuginea was not thickened, but the smooth muscle in the stroma was atrophic and degenerative and a few inflammatory cells were also found. Surprisingly, there was no Littrés gland around the urethra. In Peyronies disease, the dorsal part of the penis is usually involved, and less frequently lateral or ventral sites are involved. The circumferential involvement of both the corpora cavernosa has not been reported until now, as far as the authors know.

[Gorlin-Goltz syndrome: review of the neuroradiological and maxillofacial features illustrated with two clinical cases].

PubMed

Safronova, Marta Maia; Arantes, Mavilde; Lima, Iva; Domingues, Sara; Almeida, Marta; Moniz, Pedro

2010-01-01

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome or nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome is a rare hereditary autosomal-dominant disorder characterized by multiple basal cell carcinomas in young patients, odontogenic keratocysts, palmar or plantar pits, calcification of the falx cerebri and skeletal malformations. This syndrome is due to mutations in PTCH1 (patched homolog 1 da Drosophila), a tumor suppressor gene. Diagnostic criteria were defined by Evans, revised by Kimonis and include major and minor criteria. The authors review in particular the neuroradiological and maxillofacial characteristics of the syndrome. The authors describe the clinical presentation of two children with Gorlin-Goltz syndrome without affected first degree relatives. In both the clinical suspicion of the syndrome is raised by the presence of multiple odontogenic cysts surgically removed. Histopathological exam revealed keratocysts. None of the patients has basal cell carcinomas but both present with skeletal anomalies, namely marked pectus deformity. The absence of major diagnostic criteria like basal cell carcinomas or palmar or plantar pits in young patients delay the early diagnosis and the correct screening for medulloblastoma, basal cell carcinomas and cardiac fibromas. Odontogenic keratocysts are the most consistent clinical finding in Gorlin-Goltz syndrome in the first one or two decades of life. These patients are very sensitive to ionizing radiation, being able to develop basal cell carcinomas and meningiomas. Treatment should accomplish the complete resection of the tumors.

Physical mapping of the Gorlin syndrome region on 9q22 by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and FISH

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Levanat, S.; Gailani, M.; Dean, M.

1994-09-01

Gorlin syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by basal cell carcinomas, medulloblastomas, and ovarian fibromas, as well as widespread developmental defects. Linkage and tumor deletion studies localized the gene for this syndrome to the 3 cM region on chromosome 9q22 between D9S196 and D9S180. Several groups have constructed YAC contigs of this region, but many of the YACs are known to contain rearrangements. Mapping by PGE and FISH is useful in further characterization of the relationship between physical distance and genetic distance. We isolated seven cosmids mapping to this region (D9S180, D9S196, D9S287, Col 15A1, XPA and two newmore » anonymous cosmids). FISH gave a distance between D9S196 and D9S180 of at least 2 Mb and showed that Col15A1, previously considered as a candidate gene, mapped a few hundred kb distal to S180. For PFGE, DNA blocks from normal and 20 Gorlin syndrome patients were digested with 5 restriction enzymes and probed with single copy fragments of the seven cosmids. No aberrant bands have been identified in patients. Non-overlapping Not I fragments from these seven markers totalled 2.3 kb. Given an average gene density, a region of this size would contain 50-100 genes.« less

Gorlin syndrome with an ovarian leiomyoma associated with a PTCH1 second hit.

PubMed

Akizawa, Yoshika; Miyashita, Toshiyuki; Sasaki, Ryo; Nagata, Reiko; Aoki, Ryoko; Ishitani, Ken; Nagashima, Yoji; Matsui, Hideo; Saito, Kayoko

2016-04-01

We describe a Gorlin syndrome (GS) case with two different second hit mutations of PTCH1, one in a keratocystic odontogenic tumor (KCOT) and the other in an ovarian leiomyoma. GS is a rare genetic condition manifesting as multiple basal cell nevi associated with other features such as medulloblastomas, skeletal abnormalities, and ovarian fibromas. A 21-year-old Japanese woman with a history of two KCOTs was diagnosed with GS according to clinical criteria. A PTCH1 mutation, c.1427del T, was detected in peripheral blood. A novel PTCH1 mutation, c.264_265insAATA, had been found in the maxillary KCOT as a second hit mutation. More recently, the ovarian tumor was detected during a gynecological examination. Laparoscopic adnexectomy was performed, and the pathological diagnosis of the ovarian tumor was leiomyoma. Interestingly, another novel mutation, loss of heterozygosity spanning from 9q22.32 to 9q31.2, including PTCH1 and 89 other genes, was detected in this ovarian tumor, providing evidence of a second hit mutation. This is the first report describing a GS-associated ovarian tumor carrying a second hit in the PTCH1 region. We anticipate that accumulation of more cases will clarify the importance of second hit mutations in ovarian tumor formation in GS. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Focal fibrous hyperplasia: A review of 193 cases

PubMed Central

de Santana Santos, Thiago; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo Saquete; Piva, Marta Rabello; de Souza Andrade, Emanuel Sávio

2014-01-01

Context: Focal fibrous hyperplasia, also known as irritation or traumatic fibroma, is a reactive, inflammatory hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue. Aim: The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective study of a focal fibrous hyperplasia of 18 years. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 193 cases of focal fibrous hyperplasia of the oral cavity from the medical and histological reports of the Department of Oral Pathology, Pernambuco University, Brazil, during the period between January 1992 and December 2009. Settings and Design: Data with regard to age, gender, location, size of the lesion (equal to or less than 1 cm, between 1 and 2 cm and greater than 2 cm), pain, history of trauma, treatment, length of follow-up (from diagnosis to release or last review) and recurrence, were collected. Results: The most commonly affected site was the buccal mucosa (n = 119, 61.7%). Almost two-thirds of the cases were concentrated from the second to the fifth decade of life. Females were more affected than men and a history of trauma was related by 90.7% of the patients. Two recurrences were notified (1.0%). Conclusion: Further studies are needed on the distribution of the lesion in different ethnic and geographical populations. The influence of sex hormones on the development of focal fibrous hyperplasia must be clarified. PMID:25364187

Accuracy of dentists in the clinical diagnosis of oral lesions.

PubMed

Kondori, Ida; Mottin, Roberta W; Laskin, Daniel M

2011-01-01

Dentists play an important role in the early diagnosis and treatment of oral lesions. However, treatment based solely on a clinical impression of the diagnosis, without histologic confirmation, can result in serious consequences, particularly when the lesion is precancerous or cancerous. The purpose of this study was to determine the overall accuracy of clinical diagnoses made by dentists as well as to compare the diagnostic ability of general practitioners with members of various dental specialties. The biopsy reports of 976 specimens submitted to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Dentistry, between January 2009 and January 2010 were reviewed. The presumptive clinical diagnosis made by the practitioner and the final histologic diagnosis on each specimen were recorded in addition to whether the submitting dentist was a general practitioner or a specialist. Of the clinical diagnoses made by the submitting dentists, 43% were incorrect. General dentists misdiagnosed 45.9%, oral and maxillofacial surgeons 42.8%, endodontists 42.2%, and periodontists 41.2% of the time. The most commonly missed clinical diagnoses were hyperkeratosis (16%), focal inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (10%), fibroma (8%), periapical granuloma (7%), and radicular cyst (6%). Cancerous lesions were misdiagnosed 5.6% of the time. The high rates of clinical misdiagnosis by dental practitioners indicate that all excised lesions should to be submitted for histologic diagnosis.

Fibroblastic connective tissue nevus: Clinicopathological and immunohistochemical study of 14 cases.

PubMed

Pennacchia, Ilaria; Kutzner, Heinz; Kazakov, Dmitry V; Mentzel, Thomas

2017-10-01

We present herein a series of 14 lesions showing overlapping features with the newly defined benign cutaneous mesenchymal neoplasm labeled as fibroblastic connective tissue nevus (FCTN). Total of 8 patients were male and 5 were female, ranging in age from 1 to 56 years. Lesions appeared as isolated nodules or plaques on the trunk (7 cases), the limbs (4 cases) and the neck (2 cases). Histologically, all cases were composed of bundles of bland spindle cells of fibroblastic/myofibroblastic lineage irregularly branching within the reticular dermis and along fibrous septa in the subcutis. Adnexal structures and dermal adipocytes were entrapped by the fascicles, the epidermis was often papillomatous and elastic fibers were decreased and fragmented. Expression of CD34 and ASMA was found in 8 and 7 cases, respectively. Follow-up was available for 7 patients (mean follow-up, 5 years; range, 1-10 years). None of the cases metastasized or recurred, even when incompletely excised. The differential diagnosis of FCTN is broad and includes hypertrophic scar, dermatofibroma, dermatomyofibroma, pilar leiomyoma, plaque-stage DFSP, CD34-positive plaque-like dermal fibroma, fibroblastic-predominant plexiform fibrohistiocytic tumor, lipofibromatosis, superficial desmoid fibromatosis and fibrous hamartoma of infancy, of which it represents probably the monophasic variant. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Evaluation of Cardiac Masses

PubMed Central

Braggion-Santos, Maria Fernanda; Koenigkam-Santos, Marcel; Teixeira, Sara Reis; Volpe, Gustavo Jardim; Trad, Henrique Simão; Schmidt, André

2013-01-01

Background Cardiac tumors are extremely rare; however, when there is clinical suspicion, proper diagnostic evaluation is necessary to plan the most appropriate treatment. In this context, cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging (CMRI) plays an important role, allowing a comprehensive characterization of such lesions. Objective To review cases referred to a CMRI Department for investigation of cardiac and paracardiac masses. To describe the positive case series with a brief review of the literature for each type of lesion and the role of cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging in evaluation. Methods Between August 2008 and December 2011, all cases referred for CMRI with suspicion of tumor involving the heart were reviewed. Cases with positive histopathological diagnosis, clinical evolution or therapeutic response compatible with the clinical suspicion and imaging findings were selected. Results Among the 13 cases included in our study, eight (62%) had histopathological confirmation. We describe five benign tumors (myxomas, rhabdomyoma and fibromas), five malignancies (sarcoma, lymphoma, Richter syndrome involving the heart and metastatic disease) and three non-neoplastic lesions (pericardial cyst, intracardiac thrombus and infectious vegetation). Conclusion CMRI plays an important role in the evaluation of cardiac masses of non-neoplastic and neoplastic origin, contributing to a more accurate diagnosis in a noninvasive manner and assisting in treatment planning, allowing safe clinical follow-up with good reproducibility. PMID:23887734

[Histological investigations in ambulatory oral surgery practice].

PubMed

Kivovics, Márton; Mihályi, Szilvia; Suba, Zsuzsanna; Gyulai-Gaál, Szabolcs

2012-03-01

In the practice of oral surgery correspondence with the pathologist is required in order to identify the lesions in question by histologic examination. By current legal regulations the histological evaluation of removed tissues is mandatory. In the presentation the authors process the data obtained in their Department since 2008. Coincidence of the clinical and histological diagnosis is analysed statistically such is the occurrence of various types of oral mucosa lesions and cysts. In cases of presumed malignancy the biopsies were carried out in a department with adequate oncological background. In indications of autoimmun deseases mainly in cases of Sjögren's syndrome the Department has been requested to carry out minor salivary gland biopsies. Statistical analysis of the findings of the minor salivary gland biopsies will also be discussed. The histological diagnoses have been provided by Prof. Zsuzsanna Suba MD, DMD, PhD of the Semmelweis University, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Pathology Unit. In order of prevalence the most common histologically verified lesions were: radicular cyst, fibromas and granulation tissue. In 84.5% of the cases the histological findings confirmed the clinical diagnoses. In 44,5% of the cases Sjögren's syndrome was verified by the minor salivary gland biopsy. Although in most cases the histological examination supported the clinical diagnoses, close cooperation of the oral surgeon and pathologist is essential.

Differential diagnosis of periapical cyst using collagen birefringence pattern of the cyst wall.

PubMed

Ji, Hyo Jin; Park, Se-Hee; Cho, Kyung-Mo; Lee, Suk Keun; Kim, Jin Woo

2017-05-01

Periapical lesions, including periapical cyst (PC), periapical granuloma (PG), and periapical abscess (PA), are frequently affected by chemical/physical damage during root canal treatment or severe bacterial infection, and thus, the differential diagnosis of periapical lesions may be difficult due to the presence of severe inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study was to make differential diagnosis among PC, PG, and PA under polarizing microscope. The collagen birefringence patterns of 319 cases of PC ( n = 122), PG ( n = 158), and PA ( n = 39) obtained using a polarizing microscope were compared. In addition, 6 cases of periodontal fibroma (PF) were used as positive controls. Collagen birefringence was condensed with a thick, linear band-like pattern in PC, but was short and irregularly scattered in PG, and scarce or absent in PA. PF showed intense collagen birefringence with a short, palisading pattern but no continuous band-like pattern. The linear band-like birefringence in PC was ascribed to pre-existing expansile tensile stress of the cyst wall. In this study all PCs ( n = 122) were distinguishable from PGs and PAs by their characteristic birefringence, despite the absence of lining epithelium ( n = 20). Therefore, the authors suggest that the presence of linear band-like collagen birefringence of the cyst wall aids the diagnostic differentiation of PC from PG and PA.

Differential diagnosis of periapical cyst using collagen birefringence pattern of the cyst wall

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Objectives Periapical lesions, including periapical cyst (PC), periapical granuloma (PG), and periapical abscess (PA), are frequently affected by chemical/physical damage during root canal treatment or severe bacterial infection, and thus, the differential diagnosis of periapical lesions may be difficult due to the presence of severe inflammatory reaction. The aim of this study was to make differential diagnosis among PC, PG, and PA under polarizing microscope. Materials and Methods The collagen birefringence patterns of 319 cases of PC (n = 122), PG (n = 158), and PA (n = 39) obtained using a polarizing microscope were compared. In addition, 6 cases of periodontal fibroma (PF) were used as positive controls. Results Collagen birefringence was condensed with a thick, linear band-like pattern in PC, but was short and irregularly scattered in PG, and scarce or absent in PA. PF showed intense collagen birefringence with a short, palisading pattern but no continuous band-like pattern. The linear band-like birefringence in PC was ascribed to pre-existing expansile tensile stress of the cyst wall. Conclusions In this study all PCs (n = 122) were distinguishable from PGs and PAs by their characteristic birefringence, despite the absence of lining epithelium (n = 20). Therefore, the authors suggest that the presence of linear band-like collagen birefringence of the cyst wall aids the diagnostic differentiation of PC from PG and PA. PMID:28503476

Surgical management of gingival overgrowth associated with Cowden sydrome: a case report and current understanding.

PubMed

Feitosa, Daniela da Silva; Santamaria, Mauro Pedrine; Casati, Márcio Zaffalon; Sallum, Enilson Antonio; Nociti Júnior, Francisco Humberto; de Toledo, Sérgio

2011-05-01

Cowden syndrome, also known as multiple hamartoma syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by multiple hamartomas and a high risk of development of malignancy. Oral findings, such as papillomatous lesions and fibromas, are common features; however, a periodontal phenotype has not been reported previously. Therefore, this report presents a case of gingival overgrowth associated with Cowden syndrome, its successful surgical management, and the 12-month follow-up results. Additionally, we discuss the implications for clinicians. A 23-year-old woman was referred to the Department of Periodontics, Piracicaba Dental School, presenting with generalized gingival overgrowth. A detailed dental and medical history and clinical examination confirmed the systemic diagnosis of Cowden syndrome. Histology, radiographs, and clinical data document the entire clinical approach and follow-up. Clinically, there were minor signs of recurrence of gingival overgrowth in a 12-month period after gingivectomy; however, papular lesions reappeared in keratinized gingiva immediately after healing. No signs of bone loss related to the systemic condition were observed radiographically. Histologically, a dense connective tissue with a moderate chronic inflammatory infiltrate and epithelial acanthosis, which is characteristic of gingival hyperplasia, were demonstrated. Gingival overgrowth may occur as an oral phenotype related to Cowden syndrome and can be successfully treated by means of external bevel gingivectomy, followed by regular maintenance therapy, contributing to the patient's well-being, both functionally and esthetically.

Hydroxyapatite crystals as a bone graft substitute in benign lytic lesions of bone

PubMed Central

Gupta, Anil Kumar; Kumar, Praganesh; Keshav, Kumar; Singh, Anant

2015-01-01

Background: Bone grafts are required to fill a cavity created after curettage of benign lytic lesions of the bone. To avoid the problems associated at donor site with autologous bone graft, we require allograft or bone graft substitutes. We evaluated the healing of lytic lesions after hydroxyapatite (HA) grafting by serial radiographs. Materials and Methods: Forty cases of benign lytic lesions of bone were managed by simple curettage and grafting using HA blocks. Commercially available HA of bovine origin (Surgiwear Ltd., Shahjahanpur, India) was used for this purpose. Mean duration of followup was 34.8 months (range 12–84 months). Mean patient age was 19.05 years (range 3–55 years). Radiological staging of graft incorporation was done as per criteria of Irwin et al. 2001. Results: In our series, two cases were in stage I. A total of 11 cases were in stage II and 27 were in stage III. Graft incorporation was radiologically complete by 15 months. Clinical recovery was observed before radiological healing. The average time taken to return to preoperative function was 3 months. Recurrence was observed in giant cell tumor (n = 3) and chondromyxoid fibroma (n = 1). There was no incidence of graft rejection, collapse, growth plate disturbances or antigenic response. Conclusions: We conclude that calcium HA is biologically acceptable bone graft substitute in the management of benign lytic lesions of bone. PMID:26806973

Expression of growth differentiation factor 6 in the human developing fetal spine retreats from vertebral ossifying regions and is restricted to cartilaginous tissues.

PubMed

Wei, Aiqun; Shen, Bojiang; Williams, Lisa A; Bhargav, Divya; Gulati, Twishi; Fang, Zhimin; Pathmanandavel, Sarennya; Diwan, Ashish D

2016-02-01

During embryogenesis vertebral segmentation is initiated by sclerotomal cell migration and condensation around the notochord, forming anlagen of vertebral bodies and intervertebral discs. The factors that govern the segmentation are not clear. Previous research demonstrated that mutations in growth differentiation factor 6 resulted in congenital vertebral fusion, suggesting this factor plays a role in development of vertebral column. In this study, we detected expression and localization of growth differentiation factor 6 in human fetal spinal column, especially in the period of early ossification of vertebrae and the developing intervertebral discs. The extracellular matrix proteins were also examined. Results showed that high levels of growth differentiation factor 6 were expressed in the nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discs and the hypertrophic chondrocytes adjacent to the ossification centre in vertebral bodies, where strong expression of proteoglycan and collagens was also detected. As fetal age increased, the expression of growth differentiation factor 6 was decreased correspondingly with the progress of ossification in vertebral bodies and restricted to cartilaginous regions. This expression pattern and the genetic link to vertebral fusion suggest that growth differentiation factor 6 may play an important role in suppression of ossification to ensure proper vertebral segmentation during spinal development. © 2015 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Retrospective Review of Pediatric Blunt Renal Trauma: A Single Institution's Five Year Experience

PubMed Central

Clark, Margaret E; Sutherland, Ronald S; Woo, Russell K

2017-01-01

Children are at higher risk of renal injury from blunt trauma than adults due to a variety of anatomic factors such as decreased perirenal fat, weaker abdominal muscles, and a less ossified thoracic cage. Non-operative management is gaining in popularity for even major injuries, although there are no universally accepted guidelines. We present a retrospective review of pediatric major blunt renal injuries (grade 3 or higher) at a children's hospital in Hawai‘i over a 5-year period. Medical records were examined between January 2009 and September 2014 from Kapi‘olani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawai‘i. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of renal trauma, or the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma with hematuria. Exclusion criteria were grade I or II renal injury or death due to an additional traumatic injury. Mechanism of injury, clinical characteristics on admission, blood product requirements, surgical interventions performed, and hospital length of stay were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven total patient records were examined, nine of which fit inclusion criteria. Uniquely, 33% of patients sustained their renal injury while surfing. No patients required laparotomy or nephrectomy, though 22% of patients received a blood transfusion and 44% of patients underwent ureteral stent placement. Non-operative management of major renal injuries in children is feasible and allows for preservation of renal tissue. A novel mechanism of surfing as a cause of major renal trauma is seen in the state of Hawai‘i. PMID:28484665

Patellar Sleeve Fracture With Ossification of the Patellar Tendon.

PubMed

Damrow, Derek S; Van Valin, Scott E

2017-03-01

Patellar sleeve fractures make up greater than 50% of all patellar fractures. They are essentially only seen in the pediatric population because of the thick periosteum and the distal patellar pole apophysis in this group. These fractures can lead to complications if not treated appropriately and in a timely fashion. Complications of missed or untreated patellar sleeve fractures include patella alta, anterior knee pain, and quadriceps atrophy. These can all result in severe limitations in activity. The authors describe a case of a 16-year-old boy who sustained a patellar sleeve fracture 3 years prior to presentation. On presentation, he had patella alta, diminished strength, 5° of extensor lag, and radiographs that revealed bone formation along the patellar tendon. Despite this, he was able to maintain a high level of activity. This case report explores how the patient could have maintained a high level of activity despite having a patellar sleeve fracture. Also, because of the delayed presentation, the patella was ossified and the quadriceps was retracted, which led to a novel approach to reconstructing his distal extensor mechanism. This approach included a V-Y advancement of the quadriceps tendon and patellar tendon reconstruction using the patient's hamstring tendon (semitendinosus). This technique, combined with physical therapy postoperatively, resulted in his return to varsity high school soccer. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this technique has not been reported for this rare condition. [Orthopedics. 2017; 40(2):e357-e359.]. Copyright 2016, SLACK Incorporated.

An anatomical study of the pterygospinous bar and foramen of Civinini.

PubMed

Goyal, Neeru; Jain, Anjali

2016-10-01

The pterygospinous ligament extends from the posterior free margin of the lateral pterygoid plate till the spine of the sphenoid. The ligament may ossify partly or completely leading to the formation of the pterygospinous bar. A complete ossification of the ligament results in the formation of the foramen of Civinini. Presence of the complete or incomplete pterygospinous bar may lead to a difficulty in passing the needle during anaesthesia for the trigeminal neuralgia or the bar may also compress the mandibular nerve and its branches to cause lingual numbness, pain and speech impairment. Presence of the complete or incomplete pterygospinous bar and the foramen of Civinini were studied in 55 dried adult skulls and 20 sphenoid bones. Partial or complete ossification of the pterygospinous ligament was seen in 17.33 % skulls. One skull showed the presence of bilateral complete pterygospinous bar while another skull had the unilateral complete pterygospinous bar on right side. Two skulls and one sphenoid had bilateral incomplete pterygospinous bar while seven skulls and one sphenoid bone had unilateral incomplete pterygospinous bar. In three cases, the bar was passing just below the foramen ovale. The pterygospinous bar when present medial to the foramen ovale may not have much clinical significance but when the bar is present just below the foramen ovale, it may cause a compression of the mandibular nerve and its branches and may also obstruct the passage for the transoval approach to the neighbouring regions.

Long Bone Histology and Growth Patterns in Ankylosaurs: Implications for Life History and Evolution

PubMed Central

Stein, Martina; Hayashi, Shoji; Sander, P. Martin

2013-01-01

The ankylosaurs are one of the major dinosaur groups and are characterized by unique body armor. Previous studies on other dinosaur taxa have revealed growth patterns, life history and evolutionary mechanisms based on their long bone histology. However, to date nothing is known about long bone histology in the Ankylosauria. This study is the first description of ankylosaurian long bone histology based on several limb elements, which were sampled from different individuals from the Ankylosauridae and Nodosauridae. The histology is compared to that of other dinosaur groups, including other Thyreophora and Sauropodomorpha. Ankylosaur long bone histology is characterized by a fibrolamellar bone architecture. The bone matrix type in ankylosaurs is closest to that of Stegosaurus. A distinctive mixture of woven and parallel-fibered bone together with overall poor vascularization indicates slow growth rates compared to other dinosaurian taxa. Another peculiar characteristic of ankylosaur bone histology is the extensive remodeling in derived North American taxa. In contrast to other taxa, ankylosaurs substitute large amounts of their primary tissue early in ontogeny. This anomaly may be linked to the late ossification of the ankylosaurian body armor. Metabolically driven remodeling processes must have liberated calcium to ossify the protective osteodermal structures in juveniles to subadult stages, which led to further remodeling due to increased mechanical loading. Abundant structural fibers observed in the primary bone and even in remodeled bone may have improved the mechanical properties of the Haversian bone. PMID:23894321

Micro computed tomography features of laryngeal fractures in a case of fatal manual strangulation.

PubMed

Fais, Paolo; Giraudo, Chiara; Viero, Alessia; Miotto, Diego; Bortolotti, Federica; Tagliaro, Franco; Montisci, Massimo; Cecchetto, Giovanni

2016-01-01

Cases of subtle fatal neck compression are often complicated by the lack of specificity of the post-mortem signs of asphyxia and by the lack of clear signs of neck compression. Herein we present a forensic case of a 45-year-old schizophrenic patient found on the floor of the bedroom of a psychiatric ward in cardiopulmonary arrest and who died after two days in a vegetative state. The deposition of the roommate of the deceased, who claimed responsibility for the killing of the victim by neck compression, was considered unreliable by the prosecutor. Autopsy, toxicological analyses, and multi-slice computed tomography (MSCT), micro computed tomography (micro-CT) and histology of the larynx complex were performed. Particularly, micro-CT analysis of the thyroid cartilage revealed the bilateral presence of ossified triticeous cartilages and the complete fragmentation of the right superior horn of the thyroid, but it additionally demonstrated a fracture on the contralateral superior horns, which was not clearly diagnosable at MSCT. On the basis of the evidence of intracartilaginous laryngeal hemorrhages and bilateral microfracture at the base of the superior horns of the larynx, the death was classified as a case of asphyxia due to manual strangulation. Micro-CT was confirmed as a useful tool in cases of subtle fatal neck compression, for the detection of minute laryngeal cartilage fractures, especially in complex cases with equivocal findings on MSCT. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Hyperelastic "bone": A highly versatile, growth factor-free, osteoregenerative, scalable, and surgically friendly biomaterial.

PubMed

Jakus, Adam E; Rutz, Alexandra L; Jordan, Sumanas W; Kannan, Abhishek; Mitchell, Sean M; Yun, Chawon; Koube, Katie D; Yoo, Sung C; Whiteley, Herbert E; Richter, Claus-Peter; Galiano, Robert D; Hsu, Wellington K; Stock, Stuart R; Hsu, Erin L; Shah, Ramille N

2016-09-28

Despite substantial attention given to the development of osteoregenerative biomaterials, severe deficiencies remain in current products. These limitations include an inability to adequately, rapidly, and reproducibly regenerate new bone; high costs and limited manufacturing capacity; and lack of surgical ease of handling. To address these shortcomings, we generated a new, synthetic osteoregenerative biomaterial, hyperelastic "bone" (HB). HB, which is composed of 90 weight % (wt %) hydroxyapatite and 10 wt % polycaprolactone or poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid), could be rapidly three-dimensionally (3D) printed (up to 275 cm(3)/hour) from room temperature extruded liquid inks. The resulting 3D-printed HB exhibited elastic mechanical properties (~32 to 67% strain to failure, ~4 to 11 MPa elastic modulus), was highly absorbent (50% material porosity), supported cell viability and proliferation, and induced osteogenic differentiation of bone marrow-derived human mesenchymal stem cells cultured in vitro over 4 weeks without any osteo-inducing factors in the medium. We evaluated HB in vivo in a mouse subcutaneous implant model for material biocompatibility (7 and 35 days), in a rat posterolateral spinal fusion model for new bone formation (8 weeks), and in a large, non-human primate calvarial defect case study (4 weeks). HB did not elicit a negative immune response, became vascularized, quickly integrated with surrounding tissues, and rapidly ossified and supported new bone growth without the need for added biological factors. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

Embryonic development of the skull of the Andean lizard Ptychoglossus bicolor (Squamata, Gymnophthalmidae)

PubMed Central

Hernández-Jaimes, Carlos; Jerez, Adriana; Ramírez-Pinilla, Martha Patricia

2012-01-01

The study of cranial design and development in Gymnophthalmidae is important to understand the ontogenetic processes behind the morphological diversity of the group and to examine the possible effects of microhabitat use and other ecological parameters, as well as phylogenetic constraints, on skull anatomy. Complete morphological descriptions of embryonic skull development within Gymnophthalmidae are non-existent. Likewise, very little is known about the complete chondrocranium of the family. Herein, the development of the skull of the semi-fossorial lizard Ptychoglossus bicolor is described along with an examination of the chondrocranium of other gymnophthalmid taxa and the teiid Cnemidophorus lemniscatus. Cranial chondrification begins with early condensations in the ethmoid, orbitotemporal and occipital regions of the chondrocranium as well as the viscerocranium. Ossification of the skull starts with elements of the dermatocranium (pterygoid, prefrontal, maxilla and jugal). The orbitosphenoid is the last chondral bone to appear. At birth, the skull is almost completely ossified and exhibits a large frontoparietal fontanelle. In general terms, the chondrocranium of the gymnophthalmids studied is characteristic of lacertiform terrestrial lizards, in spite of their life habits, and resembles the chondrocranium of C. lemniscatus in many aspects. However, the gymnophthalmids show great variation in the orbitosphenoid and a complex nasal capsule. The latter exhibits greater development of some nasal cartilages, which make it more complex than in C. lemniscatus. These characteristics might be related to microhabitat use and the well-developed olfactory and vomeronasal systems observed within this clade. PMID:22881276

Retrospective Review of Pediatric Blunt Renal Trauma: A Single Institution's Five Year Experience.

PubMed

Richards, Carly R; Clark, Margaret E; Sutherland, Ronald S; Woo, Russell K

2017-05-01

Children are at higher risk of renal injury from blunt trauma than adults due to a variety of anatomic factors such as decreased perirenal fat, weaker abdominal muscles, and a less ossified thoracic cage. Non-operative management is gaining in popularity for even major injuries, although there are no universally accepted guidelines. We present a retrospective review of pediatric major blunt renal injuries (grade 3 or higher) at a children's hospital in Hawai'i over a 5-year period. Medical records were examined between January 2009 and September 2014 from Kapi'olani Medical Center for Women and Children in Honolulu, Hawai'i. Inclusion criteria were a diagnosis of renal trauma, or the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma with hematuria. Exclusion criteria were grade I or II renal injury or death due to an additional traumatic injury. Mechanism of injury, clinical characteristics on admission, blood product requirements, surgical interventions performed, and hospital length of stay were retrospectively analyzed. Eleven total patient records were examined, nine of which fit inclusion criteria. Uniquely, 33% of patients sustained their renal injury while surfing. No patients required laparotomy or nephrectomy, though 22% of patients received a blood transfusion and 44% of patients underwent ureteral stent placement. Non-operative management of major renal injuries in children is feasible and allows for preservation of renal tissue. A novel mechanism of surfing as a cause of major renal trauma is seen in the state of Hawai'i.

Ilizarov techniques with limited adjunctive surgical procedures for the treatment of preadolescent recurrent or neglected clubfeet.

PubMed

Khanfour, Ashraf A

2013-05-01

When choosing the Ilizarov technique for the treatment of recurrent or neglected clubfeet deformity, there was a consensus on the treatment of 3-8-year-old children by the soft-tissue distraction 'bloodless method' either alone or with an adjunctive-limited soft tissue release; whereas, in older children, adjunctive osteotomies were required. Major foot osteotomies such as V, U, Y, or supramalleolar types were established for patients after puberty when the foot bones become fully ossified. So, children falling in the age group between 8 and 13 years (preadolescents) represents a transitional growing stage that has its identity that makes carrying out major foot osteotomies unsuitable. Twenty-five feet in 21 patients with a mean age at the time of operation of 10.9 years (range, 9-13 years) with recurrent or neglected clubfeet deformity who presented to the orthopedic department at Alexandria (Egypt) between February 2004 and December 2008 were treated with the Ilizarov technique combined with adjunctive limited bony and/or soft-tissue procedures as will be discussed. After a mean follow-up period of 3.6 years (range, 2-7 years), 21 children showed good results, four children showed fair results, and no poor results were recorded. No major complications were reported. The Ilizarov technique with limited bony and/or soft-tissue procedures can be considered as a suitable, convenient, efficient, and successful salvage procedure for preadolescent recurrent or neglected clubfeet.

Primary colonic well-differentiated / dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the ascending colon: a case report.

PubMed

Sawayama, Hiroshi; Yoshida, Naoya; Miyamoto, Yuji; Uchihara, Tomoyuki; Toihata, Tasuku; Yagi, Taisuke; Hiyoshi, Yukiharu; Iwatsuki, Masaaki; Baba, Yoshifumi; Baba, Hideo

2017-08-30

Primary colonic and dedifferentiated liposarcomas are both remarkably rare. This work describes a case of primary colonic well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma and reviews the clinical characteristics and current therapies for liposarcoma tumors. A 52-year-old woman was referred to our hospital with a submucosal tumor of the ascending colon. Clinical analysis by ultrasound colonoscopy and computed tomography revealed a partially ossified tumor with irregular edges continuous with the muscular layer. High F-18 deoxyglucose uptake was detected by positron emission tomography. Radical resection with lymph node dissection was performed, yielding a tumor specimen approximately 6.5 × 4.0 × 3.2 cm. Neoplastic spindle cell proliferation was found from submucosa to subserosa. Well-differentiated adipose tissue surrounded the tumor, but contained atypical nuclei with condensed chromosomes. Immunohistochemical staining was positive for p16, CDK4, and MDM2 expression. Based on these findings, a diagnosis of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma was given. Dedifferentiated liposarcomas are more aggressive than their well-differentiated, low-grade counterparts. While local recurrence can occur with both tumor types, dedifferentiated liposarcomas are more prone to developing distant metastases. The patient received no postoperative therapy, and no recurrences have been observed 12 months after surgery. Here we report an extremely rare case of well-differentiated/dedifferentiated liposarcoma of the ascending colon. The dedifferentiated component was high-grade liposarcoma and well-differentiated liposarcoma was detected around the main tumor.

[Ultrasound diagnostics of muscle and tendon injuries].

PubMed

Stević, Ruza; Masulović, Dragan

2009-01-01

Sonography is a useful technique for the investigation of a number of musculoskeletal disorders. The most common indication for ultrasonography of muscles and tendons is the diagnosis of traumatic lesions, distinguishing them from other disorders and follow- up of healing process. The purpose of this paper is to show the importance of ultrasound in the diagnosis of muscle and tendon injuries. The study included 170 patients (148 male and 22 female), mean age 29.6 years (range 14-60 years). All examinations were performed by linear transducer of 7.5-10 MHz, with longitudinal and transverse scanning. Ultrasound examination followed physical examination. Traumatic lesions of muscles were diagnosed in 113 patients (66.7%) and tendon injuries in 57 cases (33.2%). The muscle changes detected by ultrasonography were the following: 70 (61.9%) partial and two (1.76%) complete ruptures, 22 (19.46%) haematoma, 9 (7.96%) strains grade I, 4 fibroses and 4 ossifying myositis 4 (3.5%, respectively). Complications of muscle injuries were diagnosed in two cases, a muscular hernia and an arteriovenous fistula. Among tendon injuries, 21 (33.8%) ruptures and 36 (66.1%) tendinitis were diagnosed. Accompanying effusion in the bursa of patients with tendon injuries was found in 9 cases. Ultrasonography allowed visualization and objective assessment of the type and the extent of traumatic pathomorphological changes of muscles and tendons. Such diagnostic possibilities of ultrasonography are especially important in the choice of appropriate therapy.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome(s) mimicking child abuse: Is there an impact on clinical practice?

PubMed

Castori, Marco

2015-12-01

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a heterogeneous group of heritable connective tissue disorders characterized by increased fragility of various non-ossified tissues. It is usually ascertained due to abnormal skin texture, scarring complications, vascular fragility, or chronic symptoms, such as fatigue and musculoskeletal pain. Sometimes, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome remains undetected until the patient, usually in the pediatric age, shows extensive or severe mucocutaneous injuries after only minor traumas. In this scenario, the misdiagnosis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome with child abuse is a possibility, as occasionally reported in the literature. Recently, more attention was posed by lay people between the possible association of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome and bone fragility. Literature and personal experience show a strong association between Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, generalized joint hypermobility and reduced bone mass density in older children and adults, especially fertile women. The existence of a true increased risk of fracture in Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is still a matter of debate in children and adults with little and conflicting evidence. In case of suspected child abuse, Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is certainly on the differential for bruising, especially in EDS types with marked cutaneous and capillary involvement. In suspected child abuse cases, careful examination of the index case and her/his extended family is routine, as well as exclusion of other disorders such as osteogenesis imperfecta. The hypothesis of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome as an alternative explanation for infantile fractures remains speculative. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

THE INFLUENCE OF HYDROCORTISONE ON THE ACTION OF EXCESS VITAMIN A ON LIMB BONE RUDIMENTS IN CULTURE

PubMed Central

Fell, Honor B.; Thomas, Lewis

1961-01-01

The effect of hydrocortisone has been studied in organ cultures of the cartilaginous long bone rudiments from 7-day chick embryos and of the well ossified limb bones from late fetal mice. In the chick rudiments, which grow rapidly in culture, the growth rate was much reduced by hydrocortisone, less intercellular material was formed, and the hypertrophic cells of the shaft were much smaller than in the controls in normal medium. In the late fetal mouse bones, which grow very little in culture, hydrocortisone had no obvious effect on growth but arrested resorption of the cartilage. These effects resemble those described by others in the skeleton of animals treated with cortisone or hydrocortisone. The influence of hydrocortisone on the response of the chick and mouse explants to excess vitamin A was investigated. In the presence of excess vitamin A, cartilage (chick, mouse) and bone (mouse) rapidly disintegrated, but when hydrocortisone also was added to the medium, this dissolution of the intercellular material was much retarded, though not suppressed. The retardative action of hydrocortisone on the changes produced by excess vitamin A in skeletal tissue in culture, contrasts sharply with the strongly additive effect of the two agents on the skeleton in the intact animal (Selye, 1958). It is suggested that this discrepancy between the results obtained in vitro and in vivo is probably due to systemic factors that operate in the body but are eliminated in organ cultures. PMID:13698768

A large extraskeletal osteochondroma of the foot.

PubMed

Estil, Jose Carlos C; Yeo, Eui-Dong; Kim, Hak Jun; Cho, Won Tae; Lee, Jeong-Ju

2013-01-01

Osteochondromas are very common benign tumors composed of cartilage and bone. They are usually found at the end of the growth plate of long bones, most often at the area of the joints, and are contiguous with the medullary cavity. Extraskeletal osteochondromas, the same as their namesake, are composed of cartilage and bone. However, unlike typical osteochondromas, extraskeletal osteochondromas are not contiguous with bone, as their name implies. They usually arise from the synovial tissue and tendon sheaths. Although rare, extraskeletal osteochondromas have been reported to occur within the knee and around the hip; however, they are more commonly reported to occur in the hands and feet. When found in the hands or feet, these new growths are often very small and only occasionally symptomatic. We present the case of a 49-year-old female who had a slow-growing mass of 4 years' duration, located on the plantar aspect of her left foot. The mass was slowly becoming more palpable as it increased in size and was progressively causing pain and discomfort during ambulation. Imaging studies revealed an ossified mass bearing no connection to any other structure on the plantar aspect of her foot. An excision biopsy was performed, and the easily dissectible mass, although much larger than its usual presentation, proved to be an extraskeletal osteochondroma. Copyright © 2013 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Comparative Morphological Study of the Jugal and Quadratojugal in Early Birds and Their Dinosaurian Relatives.

PubMed

Wang, Min; Hu, Han

2017-01-01

The zygoma (called jugal bar) in modern birds accounts for a large portion of the ventral margin of the cranium. As a delicate and rod-like element, the jugal bar is functionally integrated into the avian cranial kinesis, a unique property that allows the beak to be elevated or depressed with respect to the braincase and thus distinguishes birds from all other modern vertebrates. Developmental studies show that the jugal bar of modern birds is formed by the fusion of the jugal and quadratojugal that are ossified from separated centers. However, those two bones are unfused and exhibit complicated morphological variations in basal birds and their dinosaurian relatives. Moreover, the jugal and quadratojugal form rigid articulations with the postorbital and squamosal, respectively, consequently hindering the movement of the upper jaw in most non-avian dinosaurs and some basal birds. A comparative study of the jugal and quadratojugal morphology of basal birds and their close relatives such as dromaeosaurids and oviraptorids elucidates how modern birds has achieved its derived jugal bar morphology, and sheds light on the evolution of the postorbital configuration of birds. We propose that numerous morphological modifications of those two elements (morphology changes and reduced articulation with other elements) took place in early bird history, and some of them pertinent to the refinement of the cranial kinesis. Anat Rec, 300:62-75, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The internal cranial anatomy of Romundina stellina Ørvig, 1975 (Vertebrata, Placodermi, Acanthothoraci) and the origin of jawed vertebrates—Anatomical atlas of a primitive gnathostome

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Placoderms are considered as the first jawed vertebrates and constitute a paraphyletic group in the stem-gnathostome grade. The acanthothoracid placoderms are among the phylogenetically most basal and morphologically primitive gnathostomes, but their neurocranial anatomy is poorly understood. Here we present a near-complete three-dimensional skull of Romundina stellina, a small Early Devonian acanthothoracid from the Canadian Arctic Archipelago, scanned with propagation phase contrast microtomography at a 7.46 μm isotropic voxel size at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France. This is the first model of an early gnathostome skull produced using this technique, and as such represents a major advance in objectivity compared to past descriptions of placoderm neurocrania on the basis of grinding series. Despite some loss of material along an oblique crack, most of the internal structures are remarkably preserved, and most of the missing structures can be reconstructed by symmetry. This virtual approach offers the possibility to connect with certainty all the external foramina to the blood and nerve canals and the central structures, and thus identify accurate homologies without destroying the specimen. The high level of detail enables description of the main arterial, venous and nerve canals of the skull, and other perichondrally ossified endocranial structures such as the palatoquadrate articulations, the endocranial cavity and the inner ear cavities. The braincase morphology appears less extreme than that of Brindabellaspis, and is in some respects more reminiscent of a basal arthrodire such as Kujdanowiaspis. PMID:28170434

CT evaluation of timing for ossification of the medial clavicular epiphysis in a contemporary Western Australian population.

PubMed

Franklin, Daniel; Flavel, Ambika

2015-05-01

The clavicle is the first bone to ossify in the developing embryo and the last to complete epiphyseal union. It is the latter sustained period of growth that has attracted the interest of skeletal biologists and forensic practitioners alike, who collectively recognize the important opportunity this bone affords to estimate skeletal age across the prenatal to early adult lifespan. Current research is largely directed towards evaluating the applicability of assessing fusion in the medial epiphysis, specifically for determining age of majority in the living. This study aims to contribute further insights, and inform medicolegal practice, by evaluating the Schmeling five-stage system for the assessment of clavicular development in a Western Australian population. We retrospectively evaluated high-resolution multiple detector computed tomography (MDCT) scans of 388 individuals (210 male; 178 female) between 10 and 35 years of age. Scans are viewed in axial and multiplanar reconstructed (MPR) images using OsiriX®. Fusion status is scored according to a five-stage system. Transition analysis is used to calculate age ranges and determine the mean age for transition between an unfused, fusing and fused status. The maximum likelihood estimates (in years) for transition from unfused to fusing is 20.60 (male) and 19.19 (female); transition from fusing to complete fusion is 21.92 (male) and 21.47 (female). Results of the present study confirm the reliability of the assessed method and demonstrate remarkable consistency to data reported for other global populations.

Magnetic resonance imaging as a diagnostic tool in case of ovarian masses in girls and young women.

PubMed

Bekiesińska-Figatowska, Monika; Jurkiewicz, Elzbieta; Iwanowska, Beata; Uliasz, Maria; Romaniuk-Doroszewska, Anna; Bragoszewska, Hanna; Ceran, Alicja; Olszewski, Andrzej

2007-05-01

Gynecological examination and transvaginal ultrasound are difficult or impossible in girls and young women who have not started their sexual life. CT is not a method of choice in this age group because of the ionizing radiation and iodine-containing contrast media. MRI is chosen then. Pelvic MRI was performed in 15 patients aged 9-19 years with suspected ovarian mass after they had had unclear gynecological and sonographic examinations. 1.5 T MRI systems were used. SE,T(F)SE and SPIR sequences were applied in T1- and T2-weighted images in three planes. Contrast media were administered in 7 patients. In a group of 3 girls with acute abdominal pain, polycystic ovaries, ovarian hemorrhagic cyst, and fibroma of the ovary were diagnosed. In a group of 11 patients with chronic abdominal pain, dermoid cysts of the ovaries were found in 7 cases, in one bilateral and accompanied by ectopic kidney. In 2 patients, serous cysts were diagnosed. In 2 cases an ovarian origin of the mass was excluded: multilocular cystic lesion in the presacral region and a hydatid mole were revealed. A neoplastic ovarian mass was diagnosed in a girl with increasing circumference of the abdomen. The accuracy of MRI in localizing lesions was 100%. Its accuracy in precisely characterizing lesions was 83.3%. Magnetic resonance imaging, with its noninvasiveness, high spatial resolution, and tissue specificity, is a method of choice in the diagnosis or exclusion of ovarian pathology in children and adolescents.

Equine nasal and paranasal sinus tumours: part 2: a contribution of 28 case reports.

PubMed

Dixon, P M; Head, K W

1999-05-01

The clinical and pathological findings of 28 cases (27 horses, 1 donkey) of equid sinonasal tumours examined at the Edinburgh Veterinary School are presented and include: seven cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC); five adenocarcinomas; three undifferentiated carcinomas; two adenomas; five fibro-osseous and bone tumours; and single cases of ameloblastoma, fibroma, fibrosarcoma, undifferentiated sarcoma, melanoma and lymphosarcoma. The median ages of animals affected with epithelial, and fibro-osseous/bone tumours were 14 and 4 years, respectively. Unilateral purulent or mucopurulent nasal discharge (81% of cases) and gross facial swellings (82% of cases) were the most common presenting signs with sinonasal tumours, with epistaxis recorded in just 23% of cases. Radiology and endoscopy were the most useful ancillary diagnostic techniques. The maxillary area was the most common site of tumour origin, and only three cases were definitively identified as originating in the nasal cavity. Four of the maxillary SCC lesions originated within the nasal cavities or maxillary sinuses, while two originated in the oral cavity. Fourteen of 15 carcinomas, but only two of the 13 remaining tumours, spread to other sites in the head. Only three cases of sinonasal tumour had lymph node metastases, and none had distant metastases. In the long term, surgical treatment with seven malignant tumours was unsuccessful (6 months median survival post-operatively), but was successful with four out of five benign tumours (no regrowth at a median of 4 years post-operatively).

Three closely related herpesviruses are associated with fibropapillomatosis in marine turtles

USGS Publications Warehouse

Quackenbush, S.L.; Work, Thierry M.; Balazs, George H.; Casey, Rufina N.; Rovnak, J.; Chaves, A.; duToit, L.; Baines, J.D.; Parrish, C.R.; Bowser, Paul R.; Casey, James W.

1998-01-01

Green turtle fibropapillomatosis is a neoplastic disease of increasingly significant threat to the survivability of this species. Degenerate PCR primers that target highly conserved regions of genes encoding herpesvirus DNA polymerases were used to amplify a DNA sequence from fibropapillomas and fibromas from Hawaiian and Florida green turtles. All of the tumors tested (n= 23) were found to harbor viral DNA, whereas no viral DNA was detected in skin biopsies from tumor-negative turtles. The tissue distribution of the green turtle herpesvirus appears to be generally limited to tumors where viral DNA was found to accumulate at approximately two to five copies per cell and is occasionally detected, only by PCR, in some tissues normally associated with tumor development. In addition, herpesviral DNA was detected in fibropapillomas from two loggerhead and four olive ridley turtles. Nucleotide sequencing of a 483-bp fragment of the turtle herpesvirus DNA polymerase gene determined that the Florida green turtle and loggerhead turtle sequences are identical and differ from the Hawaiian green turtle sequence by five nucleotide changes, which results in two amino acid substitutions. The olive ridley sequence differs from the Florida and Hawaiian green turtle sequences by 15 and 16 nucleotide changes, respectively, resulting in four amino acid substitutions, three of which are unique to the olive ridley sequence. Our data suggest that these closely related turtle herpesviruses are intimately involved in the genesis of fibropapillomatosis.

Reliability of plain radiographic parameters for developmental dysplasia of the hip in children.

PubMed

Upasani, Vidyadhar V; Bomar, James D; Parikh, Gaurav; Hosalkar, Harish

2012-07-01

Few studies have evaluated the reliability and reproducibility of the femoral neck-shaft angle (NSA), center-edge angle (CEA), and acetabular index (AI) in young children with developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH). We wanted to determine whether these parameters could be used reliably by practitioners. Fifty radiographs from 21 children with DDH were reviewed. Analysis was performed by three observers, at two time periods. The intra- and inter-observer reliability for each measure was assessed. At time period one, we noted a "high" level of agreement between observers when measuring the NSA, a "low" level when measuring the CEA, and a "moderate" level when measuring the AI. At time period two, we noted a "very high" level of agreement between observers when measuring the NSA and a "high" level when measuring the CEA and AI. When comparing the measurements of observer 1 at the two different time periods, we noted nearly "very high" agreement when measuring the NSA, a "moderate" agreement when measuring the CEA, and a "high" agreement for the AI. In comparing the measurements of observer 2, we noted "very high" agreement for the NSA and "high" agreement for the CEA and AI. In comparing the measurements for observer 3, we noted nearly "very high" agreement for the NSA, nearly "high" agreement for the CEA, and "high" agreement for the AI. It is difficult to reliably measure three-dimensional pelvic morphology on a frontal plane radiograph, especially when important pelvic landmarks have yet to ossify.

Skeletal morphology and postmetamorphic ontogeny of Acris crepitans (Anura: Hylidae): a case of miniaturization in frogs.

PubMed

Maglia, Anne M; Pugener, L Analía; Mueller, Jessica M

2007-03-01

Acris crepitans is a small, semiaquatic member of the treefrog family Hylidae. Much recent attention has been paid to this species because of reports of population declines and malformations, yet few works have considered the skeletal anatomy of this common North American frog. Herein, we provide a detailed description of the morphology and adult ontogeny of the skeleton of A. crepitans, and discuss novel morphologies, interesting postmetamorphic developmental patterns, and intraspecific skeletal variation. The reduced amount of adult ossification, as well as several novel morphologies present in this species, are consistent with patterns of miniaturization seen in other anurans. For example, the skull is poorly ossified, but most of the cranial cartilages are heavily mineralized, the nasal bones are fused to endochondral ossification of the tectum nasi, the palatines are reduced, and the prootics and exoccipitals are not fused to one another (although the prootics are well-developed and ornamented). In addition, several specimens exhibit abnormalities, which might indicate that: (1) the population was under an acute malformation outbreak, (2) a high incidence of small skeletal malformations is normal in this species, (3) the population is under stress because of habitat fragmentation, (4) there is environmental deterioration in the region where the specimens were collected, and/or (5) the species is now showing signs of decline in southern Missouri. Regardless of the cause, it is clear that further examination of skeletal variability in A. crepitans, including ossification patterns and the frequency of abnormalities, is warranted. 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Ontogeny of the larynx and flight ability in Jamaican fruit bats (Phyllostomidae) with considerations for the evolution of echolocation.

PubMed

Carter, Richard T; Adams, Rick A

2014-07-01

Echolocating bats have adaptations of the larynx such as hypertrophied intrinsic musculature and calcified or ossified cartilages to support sonar emission. We examined growth and development of the larynx relative to developing flight ability in Jamaican fruit bats to assess how changes in sonar production are coordinated with the onset of flight during ontogeny as a window for understanding the evolutionary relationships between these systems. In addition, we compare the extent of laryngeal calcification in an echolocating shrew species (Sorex vagrans) and the house mouse (Mus musculus), to assess what laryngeal chiropteran adaptations are associated with flight versus echolocation. Individuals were categorized into one of five developmental flight stages (flop, flutter, flap, flight, and adult) determined by drop-tests. Larynges were cleared and stained with alcian blue and alizarin red, or sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Our results showed calcification of the cricoid cartilage in bats, represented during the flap stage and this increased significantly in individuals at the flight stage. Thyroid and arytenoid cartilages showed no evidence of calcification and neither cricoid nor thyroid showed significant increases in rate of growth relative to the larynx as a whole. The physiological cross-sectional area of the cricothyroid muscles increased significantly at the flap stage. Shrew larynges showed signs of calcification along the margins of the cricoid and thyroid cartilages, while the mouse larynx did not. These data suggest the larynx of echolocating bats becomes stronger and sturdier in tandem with flight development, indicating possible developmental integration between flight and echolocation. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Structure and Function in the Lunge Feeding Apparatus: Mechanical Properties of the Fin Whale Mandible.

PubMed

Shadwick, Robert E; Goldbogen, Jeremy A; Pyenson, Nicholas D; Whale, James C A

2017-11-01

The mandibles of rorqual whales are highly modified to support loads associated with lunge-feeding, a dynamic filter feeding mechanism that is characterized by rapid changes in gape angle and acceleration. Although these structures are the largest ossified elements in animals and an important part of the rorqual engulfment apparatus, details of internal structure are limited and no direct measurements of mechanical properties exist. Likewise, the forces that are sustained by the mandibles are unknown. Here we report on the structure and mechanical behavior of the mandible of an adult fin whale. A series of transverse sections were cut at locations along the entire length of a 3.6-m left mandible recovered post-mortem from a 16-m fin whale, and CT scanned to make density maps. Cored samples 6-8 mm in diameter were tested in compression to determine the Young's modulus and strength. In addition, wet density, dry density and mineral density were measured. Dense cortical bone occupies only a relatively narrow peripheral layer while much less dense and oil-filled trabecular bone occupies the rest. Mineral density of both types is strongly correlated with dry density and CT Hounsfield units. Compressive strength is strongly correlated with Young's modulus, while strength and stiffness are both correlated with mineral density. It appears that the superficial compact layer is the main load bearing element, and that the mandible is reinforced against dorso-vental flexion that would occur during the peak loads while feeding. Anat Rec, 300:1953-1962, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Ear Structures of the Naked Mole-Rat, Heterocephalus glaber, and Its Relatives (Rodentia: Bathyergidae)

PubMed Central

Mason, Matthew J.; Cornwall, Hannah L.; Smith, Ewan St. J.

2016-01-01

Although increasingly popular as a laboratory species, very little is known about the peripheral auditory system of the naked mole-rat, Heterocephalus glaber. In this study, middle and inner ears of naked mole-rats of a range of ages were examined using micro-computed tomography and dissection. The ears of five other bathyergid species (Bathyergus suillus, Cryptomys hottentotus, Fukomys micklemi, Georychus capensis and Heliophobius argenteocinereus) were examined for comparative purposes. The middle ears of bathyergids show features commonly found in other members of the Ctenohystrica rodent clade, including a fused malleus and incus, a synovial stapedio-vestibular articulation and the loss of the stapedius muscle. Heterocephalus deviates morphologically from the other bathyergids examined in that it has a more complex mastoid cavity structure, poorly-ossified processes of the malleus and incus, a ‘columelliform’ stapes and fewer cochlear turns. Bathyergids have semicircular canals with unusually wide diameters relative to their radii of curvature. How the lateral semicircular canal reaches the vestibule differs between species. Heterocephalus has much more limited high-frequency hearing than would be predicted from its small ear structures. The spongy bone forming its ossicular processes, the weak incudo-stapedial articulation, the columelliform stapes and (compared to other bathyergids) reduced cochlear coiling are all potentially degenerate features which might reflect a lack of selective pressure on its peripheral auditory system. Substantial intraspecific differences were found in certain middle and inner ear structures, which might also result from relaxed selective pressures. However, such interpretations must be treated with caution in the absence of experimental evidence. PMID:27926945

Processing of voices in deafness rehabilitation by auditory brainstem implant.

PubMed

Coez, Arnaud; Zilbovicius, Monica; Ferrary, Evelyne; Bouccara, Didier; Mosnier, Isabelle; Ambert-Dahan, Emmanuèle; Kalamarides, Michel; Bizaguet, Eric; Syrota, André; Samson, Yves; Sterkers, Olivier

2009-10-01

The superior temporal sulcus (STS) is specifically involved in processing the human voice. Profound acquired deafness by post-meningitis ossified cochlea and by bilateral vestibular schwannoma in neurofibromatosis type 2 patients are two indications for auditory brainstem implantation (ABI). In order to objectively measure the cortical voice processing of a group of ABI patients, we studied the activation of the human temporal voice areas (TVA) by PET H(2)(15)O, performed in a group of implanted deaf adults (n=7) with more than two years of auditory brainstem implant experience, with an intelligibility score average of 17%+/-17 [mean+/-SD]. Relative cerebral blood flow (rCBF) was measured in the three following conditions: during silence, while passive listening to human voice, and to non-voice stimuli. Compared to silence, the activations induced by voice and non-voice stimuli were bilaterally located in the superior temporal regions. However, compared to non-voice stimuli, the voice stimuli did not induce specific supplementary activation of the TVA along the STS. The comparison of ABI group with a normal-hearing controls group (n=7) showed that TVA activations were significantly enhanced among controls group. ABI allowed the transmission of sound stimuli to temporal brain regions but lacked transmitting the specific cues of the human voice to the TVA. Moreover, among groups, during silent condition, brain visual regions showed higher rCBF in ABI group, although temporal brain regions had higher rCBF in the controls group. ABI patients had consequently developed enhanced visual strategies to keep interacting with their environment.

Common normal variants of pediatric vertebral development that mimic fractures: a pictorial review from a national longitudinal bone health study

PubMed Central

Jaremko, Jacob Lester; Siminoski, Kerry; Firth, Gregory; Matzinger, Mary Ann; Shenouda, Nazih; Konji, Victor N.; Roth, Johannes; Sbrocchi, Anne Marie; Reed, Martin; O’Brien, Kathleen; Nadel, Helen; McKillop, Scott; Kloiber, Reinhard; Dubois, Josée; Coblentz, Craig; Charron, Martin; Ward, Leanne M.

2015-01-01

Children with glucocorticoid-treated illnesses are at risk for osteoporotic vertebral fractures and growing awareness has led to increased monitoring for these fractures. However scant literature describes developmental changes in vertebral morphology that can mimic fractures. The goal of this paper is to aid in distinguishing between normal variants and fractures. We illustrate differences using lateral spine radiographs obtained annually from children recruited to the Canada-wide STeroid-Associated Osteoporosis in the Pediatric Population (STOPP) observational study, in which 400 children with glucocorticoid-treated leukemia, rheumatic disorders, and nephrotic syndrome were enrolled near glucocorticoid initiation and followed prospectively for 6 years. Normal variants mimicking fractures exist in all regions of the spine and fall into two groups. The first group comprises variants mimicking pathological vertebral height loss, including not-yet-ossified vertebral apophyses superiorly and inferiorly which can lead to a vertebral shape easily over-interpreted as anterior wedge fracture, physiologic beaking, and spondylolisthesis associated with shortened posterior vertebral height. The second group includes variants mimicking other radiologic signs of fractures: anterior vertebral artery groove resembling an anterior buckle fracture, Cupid’s bow balloon disk morphology, Schmorl nodes mimicking concave endplate fractures, and parallax artifact resembling endplate interruption or biconcavity. If an unexpected vertebral body contour is detected, careful attention to its location, detailed morphology, and (if available) serial changes over time may clarify whether it is a fracture requiring change in management or simply a normal variant. Awareness of the variants described in this paper can improve accuracy in the diagnosis of pediatric vertebral fractures. PMID:25828359

Expression of epidermal fatty acid binding protein (E-FABP) in septoclasts in the growth plate cartilage of mice.

PubMed

Bando, Yasuhiko; Yamamoto, Miyuki; Sakiyama, Koji; Inoue, Katsuyuki; Takizawa, Shota; Owada, Yuji; Iseki, Shoichi; Kondo, Hisatake; Amano, Osamu

2014-10-01

n-3 Polyunsaturated fatty acids play a role in regulating the growth of the long bones. Fatty acid-binding proteins (FABPs) bind and transport hydrophobic long-chain fatty acids intracellularly, and epidermal-type FABP (E-FABP) has an affinity for n-3 fatty acids. This study aimed to clarify the localization of E-FABP in the growth plate of the mouse tibia. At the chondro-osseous junction (COJ) of the growth plate, E-FABP-immunoreactivity was exclusively localized in mononuclear, spindle-shaped cells with several long processes. These E-FABP-immunoreactive cells were identified as being septoclasts, i.e., cells that resorb uncalcified transverse septa. The processes of these immunoreactive septoclasts terminated between the longitudinal and transverse septa. E-FABP-immunoreactivity was found in the entire cytoplasm and on the mitochondrial outer membrane. In ontogeny, immunoreactive septoclasts were observed immediately after emergence of the primary ossifying center and were distributed not only at the COJ but also in the metaphysis near the COJ. The number of septoclasts increased at the postnatal age of 1 week (P1w)-P2w, and thereafter gradually decreased; and the cells became concentrated at the COJ after P3w-P4w. The immunoreactivity for peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)β/δ was detected in these E-FABP-immunoreactive septoclasts. The present results suggest that fatty acids, preferably n-3 ones, are intracellularly transported by E-FABP to various targets, including mitochondria and nucleus, in which PPARβ/δ may play functional roles in the transcriptional regulation of genes involved in the endochondral ossification.

Dual origin and segmental organisation of the avian scapula.

PubMed

Huang, R; Zhi, Q; Patel, K; Wilting, J; Christ, B

2000-09-01

Bones of the postcranial skeleton of higher vertebrates originate from either somitic mesoderm or somatopleural layer of the lateral plate mesoderm. Controversy surrounds the origin of the scapula, a major component of the shoulder girdle, with both somitic and lateral plate origins being proposed. Abnormal scapular development has been described in the naturally occurring undulated series of mouse mutants, which has implicated Pax1 in the formation of this bone. Here we addressed the development of the scapula, firstly, by analysing the relationship between Pax1 expression and chondrogenesis and, secondly, by determining the developmental origin of the scapula using chick quail chimeric analysis. We show the following. (1) The scapula develops in a rostral-to-caudal direction and overt chondrification is preceded by an accumulation of Pax1-expressing cells. (2) The scapular head and neck are of lateral plate mesodermal origin. (3) In contrast, the scapular blade is composed of somitic cells. (4) Unlike the Pax1-positive cells of the vertebral column, which are of sclerotomal origin, the Pax1-positive cells of the scapular blade originate from the dermomyotome. (5) Finally, we show that cells of the scapular blade are organised into spatially restricted domains along its rostrocaudal axis in the same order as the somites from which they originated. Our results imply that the scapular blade is an ossifying muscular insertion rather than an original skeletal element, and that the scapular head and neck are homologous to the 'true coracoid' of higher vertebrates.

Differences of bone healing in metaphyseal defect fractures between osteoporotic and physiological bone in rats.

PubMed

Thormann, Ulrich; El Khawassna, Thaqif; Ray, Seemun; Duerselen, Lutz; Kampschulte, Marian; Lips, Katrin; von Dewitz, Helena; Heinemann, Sascha; Heiss, Christian; Szalay, Gabor; Langheinrich, Alexander C; Ignatius, Anita; Schnettler, Reinhard; Alt, Volker

2014-03-01

Discrepancies in bone healing between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bone remain uncertain. The focus of the current work is to evaluate potential healing discrepancies in a metaphyseal defect model in rat femora. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were either ovariectomized (OVX, n=14) and combined with a calcium-, phosphorus- and vitamin D3-, soy- and phytoestrogen-free diet or received SHAM operation with standard diet rat (SHAM, n=14). Three months post-ovariectomy, DEXA measurement showed a reduction of bone mineral density reflecting an osteoporotic bone status in OVX rats. Rats then underwent a 3 mm wedge-shaped osteotomy at the distal metaphyseal area of the left femur stabilized with a T-shaped mini-plate and allowed to heal for 6 weeks. Biomechanical competence by means of a non-destructive three-point bending test showed significant lower flexural rigidity in the OVX rats at 3 mm lever span compared to SHAM animals (p=0.048) but no differences at 10 mm lever span. Microcomputer tomography (μCT) showed bridging cortices and consolidation of the defect in both groups, however, no measurable differences were found in either total ossified tissue or vascular volume fraction. Furthermore, histology showed healing discrepancies that were characterized by cartilaginous remnant and more unmineralized tissue presence in the OVX rats compared to more mature consolidation appearance in the SHAM group. In summary, bone defect healing in metaphyseal bone slightly differs between osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic bone in the current 3 mm defect model in both 3mm lever span biomechanical testing and histology. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Capoeta coadi, a new species of cyprinid fish from the Karun River drainage, Iran based on morphological and molecular evidences (Teleostei, Cyprinidae)

PubMed Central

Alwan, Nisreen H.; Zareian, Halimeh; Esmaeili, Hamid Reza

2016-01-01

Abstract As presently recognized, the genus Capoeta includes 24 species, nine of which are known to occur in Iran (Capoeta aculeata, Capoeta capoeta, Capoeta buhsei, Capoeta damascina, Capoeta fusca, Capoeta heratensis, Capoeta mandica, Capoeta saadii and Capoeta trutta) and are distributed in almost all Iranian basins except Sistan and Mashkid. Capoeta coadi sp. n. is a new species from the Karun River, southern Iran, draining into the Arvand Rud (Shatt al-Arab) which drains into the Persian Gulf. It is distinguished from all other species of Capoeta by the combination of the following characters: elongate and usually cylindrical body; 8–9 branched dorsal-fin rays; last unbranched dorsal-fin ray weakly to moderately ossified and serrated along 1/3–2/3 of its length; scales small; 70-84 in lateral line (total); 12–17 scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line; 9-11 scales between anal-fin origin and lateral line; 26–32 circum-peduncular scales; 10–13 gill rakers on lower limb of first gill arch; 45–47 total vertebrae; one posterior pair of barbels; bright golden-greenish or silvery body coloration in life; length of the longest dorsal-fin ray 15–22% SL; head length 23–26% SL; mouth width 7–10% SL. Capoeta coadi is also distinguished from all other congeners in the Iranian drainages by fixed diagnostic nucleotide substitutions in the mtDNA COI barcode region and cyt b. It is nested in the Capoeta damascina species complex. PMID:28050161

Development of the ethmoid in Caluromys philander (Didelphidae, Marsupialia) with a discussion on the homology of the turbinal elements in marsupials.

PubMed

Macrini, Thomas E

2014-11-01

Homology of turbinals, or scroll bones, of the mammalian ethmoid bone is poorly known and complicated by a varied terminology. Positionally, there are two main types of ossified adult turbinals known as endoturbinals and ectoturbinals, and their cartilaginous precursors are called ethmoturbinals and frontoturbinals, respectively. Endoturbinals are considered to be serially homologous due to similarity in their developmental patterns. Consequently, endoturbinals from mammals with differing numbers of elements cannot be individually homogenized. In this study, the development of the ethmoid of Caluromys philander, the bare-tailed woolly opossum, is described based on serial sections of six pouchlings ranging in age from 20 to 84 days postnatal (PND-84), and computed tomography images of an adult skull. I found that four ethmoturbinals initially develop as seen in PND-20 and PND-30 individuals but by PND-64 an interturbinal (corresponding to endoturbinal III in adults) is present between ethmoturbinals II and III. This developmental pattern is identical to that of Monodelphis domestica, the gray short-tailed opossum, and is probably also present in the marsupials Didelphis marsupialis, and Thylacinus cynocephalus based on work of previous authors. These data suggest that endoturbinal III has a developmental pattern that differs from other endoturbinals, and the name interturbinal should be retained for the adult structure in recognition of this difference. These results may prove useful for homologizing this individual turbinal element across marsupials, the majority of which have five endoturbinals as adults. This might also explain the presumed placental ancestral condition of four endoturbinals if the marsupial interturbinal is lost. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Organogenesis of the Musculoskeletal System in Horse Embryos and Early Fetuses.

PubMed

Barreto, Rodrigo da Silva Nunes; Rodrigues, Márcio Nogueira; Carvalho, Rafael Cardoso; De Oliveira E Silva, Fernanda Menezes; Rigoglio, Náthia Nathaly; Jacob, Júlio César Ferraz; Gastal, Eduardo Leite; Miglino, Maria Angélica

2016-06-01

Musculoskeletal system development involves heterotypical inductive interactions between tendons, muscles, and cartilage and knowledge on organogenesis is required for clarification of its function. The aim of this study was to describe the organogenesis of horse musculoskeletal system between 21 and 105 days of gestation, using detailed macroscopic and histological analyses focusing on essential developmental steps. At day 21 of gestation the skin was translucid, but epithelial condensation and fibrocartilaginous tissues were observed on day 25 of pregnancy. Smooth muscle was seen in lymphatic and blood vessel walls and the beginning of cartilaginous chondrocranium was detected at day 30 of gestation. At day 45, typical chondroblasts and chondrocytes were observed and at day 55, mandibular processes expanded toward the ventral midline of the pharynx. At day 75, muscles became thicker and muscle fibers were seen developing in carpal and metacarpal joints with the beginning of the ossification process. At day 105, major muscle groups, similar to those seen in an adult equine, were observed. The caudal area of the nasal capsule and trabecular cartilages increased in size and became ossified, developing into the ethmoid bone. The presence of nasal, frontal, parietal, and occipital bones was observed. In conclusion, novel features of equine musculoskeletal system development have been described here and each process was linked with an early musculoskeletal event. Data presented herein will facilitate a better understanding of the equine muscular system organogenesis and aid in the detection of congenital deformities. Anat Rec, 299:722-729, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Laryngotracheal reconstruction with resorbable microplate buttressing.

PubMed

Javia, Luv R; Zur, Karen B

2012-04-01

In patients undergoing laryngotracheal reconstruction (LTR), malacic segments of trachea can pose challenges to successful reconstruction. Malacic segments may inadequately support cartilage grafts used in augmentation surgery, sometimes requiring cricotracheal or tracheal resections. We describe a novel technique of LTR with resorbable microplate buttressing of malacic lateral tracheal segments. Retrospective case series. Review of technique, treatment outcomes, and complications of seven children with subglottic stenosis and tracheomalacia requiring a microplate-augmented LTR technique. Seven infants ranging from 26 months to 9 years of age successfully underwent LTR for subglottic stenosis. Six children had a grade III subglottic stenosis. The seventh child had grade II subglottic stenosis, bilateral vocal fold paralysis, an elliptical cricoid, and an obstructing giant suprastomal fibroma. Five children underwent a double-stage LTR with resorbable microplates sutured bilaterally to support severely malacic lateral tracheal segments. A cricotracheal resection would not have been feasible in one child due to the resection length and inadequate tracheal mobilization. Two children underwent a single-stage LTR with unilateral application of a microplate. Six children were decannulated within 3 months and continue without airway symptoms or complications. One child, who is just over 2 months from reconstructive surgery, is being setup for decannulation. No complications were encountered. LTR with resorbable microplate buttressing of malacic lateral tracheal segments is technically feasible, safe, and can avoid more extensive surgery requiring tracheal resection. Further experience may support the use of this technique in challenging airway reconstructions. Copyright © 2012 The American Laryngological, Rhinological, and Otological Society, Inc.

[Solitary fibrous hemangiopericytoma of atypical location: importance of immunohistochemical study].

PubMed

Soriano-Hernández, María Isabel; Husein-ElAhmed, Husein; Ruíz-Molina, Inmaculada

2014-01-01

The rare cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor was initially described in the thoracic cavity in relation to the pleura and subsequently been associated with other serous membranes. It has been described in other extraserosal locations including the skin. Knowledge of its existence along with fairly typical histological features and the immunohistochemical expression pattern with intense positivity for CD34 allow the increasing diagnosis of this condition, which suggests that these cases were not previously diagnosed as such. We report the case of a 43 year-old male with a painless nodule in the first left finger pad clinically suggestive of pyogenic granuloma or nodular melanoma, which was diagnosed by excisional biopsy and immunohistochemical study as a solitary fibrous tumor. Only 11 cases of cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor have been published in the following locations: head, cheek, thigh, chest, back and nose. Our work describes the first case of cutaneous solitary fibrous tumor in the hand. The solitary fibrous tumor derived from mesenchymal cells expresses CD34 and hence its presentation in any location. In our case it was in the hand. It explains the problems encountered in the clinical differential diagnosis with other tumors as nodular melanoma, pyogenic granuloma, giant cell tumor of tendon sheath, fibroma, benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors, etc. As we consider the histology, differential diagnosis should be made with other tumors that also express CD34. Solitary fibrous tumors derived from mesenchymal cells express CD34 and hence its presentation in any location. In our case it was in the finger pad.

Intensity modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in the treatment of children and adolescents--a single institution's experience and a review of the literature.

PubMed

Sterzing, Florian; Stoiber, Eva M; Nill, Simeon; Bauer, Harald; Huber, Peter; Debus, Jürgen; Münter, Marc W

2009-09-23

While IMRT is widely used in treating complex oncological cases in adults, it is not commonly used in pediatric radiation oncology for a variety of reasons. This report evaluates our 9 year experience using stereotactic-guided, inverse planned intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in children and adolescents in the context of the current literature. Between 1999 and 2008 thirty-one children and adolescents with a mean age of 14.2 years (1.5 - 20.5) were treated with IMRT in our department. This heterogeneous group of patients consisted of 20 different tumor entities, with Ewing's sarcoma being the largest (5 patients), followed by juvenile nasopharyngeal fibroma, esthesioneuroblastoma and rhabdomyosarcoma (3 patients each). In addition a review of the available literature reporting on technology, quality, toxicity, outcome and concerns of IMRT was performed. With IMRT individualized dose distributions and excellent sparing of organs at risk were obtained in the most challenging cases. This was achieved at the cost of an increased volume of normal tissue receiving low radiation doses. Local control was achieved in 21 patients. 5 patients died due to progressive distant metastases. No severe acute or chronic toxicity was observed. IMRT in the treatment of children and adolescents is feasible and was applied safely within the last 9 years at our institution. Several reports in literature show the excellent possibilities of IMRT in selective sparing of organs at risk and achieving local control. In selected cases the quality of IMRT plans increases the therapeutic ratio and outweighs the risk of potentially increased rates of secondary malignancies by the augmented low dose exposure.

Treatment of epulis fissuratum with CO2 laser and prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with vesiculobullous disease.

PubMed

Işeri, Ufuk; Ozçakir-Tomruk, Ceyda; Gürsoy-Mert, Hare

2009-08-01

The purpose of this article is the clinical presentation of the treatment of epulis fissuratum with CO(2) laser and prosthetic rehabilitation of three patients with vesiculobullous diseases (VBDs). Oral problems such as blister formation with minimal trauma are usually encountered in the VBDs. With repeated cycles of blistering and healing, oral hygiene is usually compromised, which leads to rapid breakdown of the dentition. Prosthetic rehabilitation includes complete, partial, and implant-supported dentures; however, ill-fitting dentures can cause inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Clinical application of CO(2) laser has been recommended to treat benign oral lesions such as epulis fissuratum and fibroma. The treatment plan consisted of excision of fibrous tissues, controlling dental plaque, and prosthetic rehabilitation. The excision of fibrous tissue was performed with CO(2) laser, and the wounds formed by laser were left open to secondary epithelization. The dental plaque and calculus deposits were cleaned with ultrasonic scalers and a well-formed acrylic denture for maxilla and mandible were fabricated after a month. There was no recurrent fibrous tissue formation at 1 year follow-up. However, plaque accumulation control was unsatisfactory and the patients were therefore urged to undergo a regular 6-month preventive dental prophylaxis regimen and denture re-evaluation. The CO(2) laser may be a useful instrument in the treatment of soft tissue pathologies in VBDs patients due to minimal damage to surrounding tissue. Use of complete or partial dentures has been considered a practical, economic, and nonsurgical treatment option for patients who have been diagnosed with VBDs.

Is podoplanin expression associated with transforming growth factor-β signaling in odontogenic cysts and tumors?

PubMed

Etemad-Moghadam, Shahroo; Alaeddini, Mojgan

2018-03-26

Induction of podoplanin by transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) has been shown in a number of lesions but not in odontogenic tumors (OTs). We evaluated the association between these markers in OTs for the first time and compared their expression among the different neoplasms. Immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody against podoplanin and TGF-β was performed on 76 odontogenic cysts and tumors. Spearman's correlation coefficient, Kruskal-Wallis, and Mann-Whitney U tests followed by adjustment with Bonferroni were used for statistical analysis (P < .05). A significant difference in podoplanin expression was found among the lesions consisting of solid ameloblastomas, adenomatoid odontogenic tumors, ameloblastic fibromas, odontogenic myxomas (OMs), odontogenic keratocysts, and calcifying odontogenic cysts. Significant differences were observed only between OMs and each of the other neoplasms. Podoplanin immunostaining in the connective tissue was absent in most lesions. TGF-β was significantly different among the study sample but not between the lesions in paired comparisons. None of the studied OTs showed significant correlations between podoplanin-TGF-β, in either the epithelium or the stroma. These markers were also descriptively reported in calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumors. The inductive effect of TGF-β on podoplanin seems to be limited, if any, in odontogenic lesions. Podoplanin appears to play a role in some aspects of OTs with epithelial or mixed origins. Despite the possible participation of podoplanin in tumorigenesis, it may not necessarily be involved in the aggressive behavior of OTs. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Retrospective study of canine cutaneous tumors in Korea

PubMed Central

Pakhrin, Bidur; Kang, Min-Soo; Bae, Il-Hong; Park, Mi-Sun; Jee, Hyang; You, Mi-Hyeon; Kim, Jae-Hoon; Yoon, Byung-Il; Choi, Yang-Kyu

2007-01-01

Over the 42 month period from January 2003 to June 2006, a total of 2,952 canine biopsy specimens were received from the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of Seoul National University and from veterinary practitioners across the nation. Out of these, 748 (25.34%) cases were diagnosed as canine cutaneous tumors in the Department of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Korea. Thirty-eight different types of cutaneous tumors were identified and categorized into epithelial and melanocytic tumors (56.95%), mesenchymal tumors (38.90%), and hematopoietic tumors (4.14%) located in the skin. Among these, 69.25% were benign and 30.74% were malignant. The top ten most frequently diagnosed cutaneous tumors were epidermal and follicular cysts (12.70%), lipoma (11.36%), mast cell tumors (8.82%), cutaneous histiocytoma (7.49%), basal cell tumors (6.82%), sebaceous gland adenoma (6.68%), sebaceous gland hyperplasia (5.08%), hepatoid gland adenoma (3.61%), apocrine adenocarcinoma (3.07%), and fibroma (2.81%), in order of prevalence. They comprised 68.45% of all cutaneous tumors. These top ten cutaneous tumors were distributed on the trunk (30.08%), head and neck (20.9%), extremities (19.14%), anal and perianal area (8.59%), and tail (3.91%). The age of the dogs with the ten most frequent tumors had a mean age of 8.3 years, with a range of 2 months to 19 years. When all types of tumors were considered together in the entire population, there was no difference in incidence according to sex. PMID:17679768

Oral diseases: a 14-year experience of a Chilean institution with a systematic review from eight countries

PubMed Central

Jones-Herrera, Carolina; Vargas, Pablo; Venegas, Bernardo; Droguett, Daniel

2017-01-01

Background Retrospective studies to assess the distribution of oral diseases (ODs) are helpful in estimating the prevalence of oral diagnoses in the population, and thus help in preventive and curative services. Prevalence and frequency data for ODs are available from many countries, but information from Chile is scarce. Material and Methods This study investigated the frequency of ODs in a Chilean population. For this, we included all patients treated at the University of Talca (UTALCA, Chile) between 2001 and 2014. Patient characteristics were retrieved from medical files. To contextualize our results, we conducted a systematic review (SystRev) using Publish or Perish software (PoP), Google Scholar and MEDLINE/PubMed. Results One hundred sixty-six ODs were diagnosed, and the most prevalent groups were soft tissue tumours, epithelial pathology and salivary gland pathology. Individually, irritation fibroma, oral lichen planus (OLP) and mucocele were the most common diagnoses. ODs frequently affected unspecified parts of the mouth (including cheek, vestibule and retromolar area), gum, lips, tongue and palate. In the SystRev, the more studied diagnoses were leukoplakia, OLP and recurrent aphthous stomatitis; prevalent lesions included Fordyce’s spots, recurrent aphthous stomatitis and fissured tongue. Chilean patients and SistRev shared almost all ODs. Conclusions The results reflect ODs diagnosed in a specialized service of oral pathology and medicine in Chile and will allow the establishment of preventive/curative policies, adequate health services and dentistry curriculum. Key words:Stomatognathic diseases, mouth diseases, oral mucosal lesions, epidemiology, Chilean population, retrospective cohort study. PMID:28390130

The application of diode laser in the treatment of oral soft tissues lesions. A literature review.

PubMed

Ortega-Concepción, Daniel; Cano-Durán, Jorge A; Peña-Cardelles, Juan-Francisco; Paredes-Rodríguez, Víctor-Manuel; González-Serrano, José; López-Quiles, Juan

2017-07-01

Since its appearance in the dental area, the laser has become a treatment of choice in the removal of lesions in the oral soft tissues, due to the numerous advantages they offer, being one of the most used currently the diode laser. The aim of this review was to determine the efficacy and predictability of diode laser as a treatment of soft tissue injuries compared to other surgical methods. A literature review of articles published in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and the Cochrane Library databases between 2007 and 2017 was performed. "Diode laser", "soft tissue", "oral cavity" and "oral surgery" were employed for the search strategy. Only articles published English or Spanish were selected. The diode laser is a minimally invasive technology that offers great advantages, superior to those of the conventional scalpel, such as reduction of bleeding, inflammation and the lower probability of scars. Its effectiveness is comparable to that of other types of lasers, in addition to being an option of lower cost and greater ease of use. Its application in the soft tissues has been evaluated, being a safe and effective method for the excision of lesions like fibromas, epulis fissuratum and the accomplishment of frenectomies. The diode laser can be used with very good results for the removal of lesions in soft tissues, being used in small exophytic lesions due to their easy application, adequate coagulation, no need to suture and the slightest inflammation and pain. Key words: Diode laser, soft tissues, oral cavity, oral surgery.

Prevalence of Skin Lesions in Familial Adenomatous Polyposis: A Marker for Presymptomatic Diagnosis?

PubMed Central

Cattani, Nadja; Trueb, Swantje; de Lorenzo, Rosaria; Albertini, Mauro; Bontognali, Emanuele; Itin, Christoph; Schaub, Nathalie; Itin, Peter H.

2011-01-01

Background and Aims. Benign skin tumors such as lipomas, fibromas, and epidermal cysts are among the extracolonic manifestations of familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP). Readily detectable by inspection, they could serve as presymptomatic diagnostic markers to identify FAP patients. We therefore prospectively determined the prevalence of cutaneous lesions in genetically confirmed adenomatous polyposis coli (APC) mutation carriers and assessed their potential usefulness in the identification of FAP patients. Methods. Whole-skin examination was performed in 56 adult APC mutation carriers, compared with a control group (n = 116). In addition, FAP patients were investigated for the presence of congenital hypertrophy of the retinal pigment epithelium (CHRPE), an established clinical marker for FAP, and a detailed review of medical records was performed. Results. Nearly half of all FAP patients (48.2%) had at least one FAP-associated skin lesion, compared with one third (34.5%) of controls. Only multiple lipomas and combined skin lesions were significantly more prevalent in APC mutation carriers. CHRPE was observed in 22 (43.1%) of 51 FAP patients, including 14 (37.8%) of 37 individuals with APC mutations outside the CHRPE-associated region between codons 311 and 1465. Conclusions. Despite a significantly higher prevalence of multiple lipomas, occurring at younger age, and combined skin lesions in APC mutation carriers, the low diagnostic sensitivity of FAP-associated skin lesions precludes their use as markers for FAP in clinical practice. Based on our findings, the common CHRPE-associated region should be extended to APC codons 148-2043. PMID:22135120

What you need to know about ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament to optimize cervical spine surgery: A review

PubMed Central

Epstein, Nancy E.

2014-01-01

What are the risks, benefits, alternatives, and pitfalls for operating on cervical ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL)? To successfully diagnose OPLL, it is important to obtain Magnetic Resonance Images (MR). These studies, particularly the T2 weighted images, provide the best soft-tissue documentation of cord/root compression and intrinsic cord abnormalities (e.g. edema vs. myelomalacia) on sagittal, axial, and coronal views. Obtaining Computed Tomographic (CT) scans is also critical as they best demonstrate early OPLL, or hypertrophied posterior longitudinal ligament (HPLL: hypo-isodense with punctate ossification) or classic (frankly ossified) OPLL (hyperdense). Furthermore, CT scans reveal the “single layer” and “double layer” signs indicative of OPLL penetrating the dura. Documenting the full extent of OPLL with both MR and CT dictates whether anterior, posterior, or circumferential surgery is warranted. An adequate cervical lordosis allows for posterior cervical approaches (e.g. lamionplasty, laminectomy/fusion), which may facilitate addressing multiple levels while avoiding the risks of anterior procedures. However, without lordosis and with significant kyphosis, anterior surgery may be indicated. Rarely, this requires single/multilevel anterior cervical diskectomy/fusion (ACDF), as this approach typically fails to address retrovertebral OPLL; single or multilevel corpectomies are usually warranted. In short, successful OPLL surgery relies on careful patient selection (e.g. assess comorbidities), accurate MR/CT documentation of OPLL, and limiting the pros, cons, and complications of these complex procedures by choosing the optimal surgical approach. Performing OPLL surgery requires stringent anesthetic (awake intubation/positioning) and also the following intraoperative monitoring protocols: Somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP), motor evoked potentials (MEP), and electromyography (EMG). PMID:24843819

An anatomical study of arcuate foramen and its clinical implications: a case report.

PubMed

Afsharpour, Salman; Hoiriis, Kathryn T; Fox, R Bruce; Demons, Samuel

2016-01-01

The objective of this paper is to describe the relationship of the vertebral artery (VA) to the Atlas (C1) in the sub-occipital region in the presence of arcuate foramen; and discuss the clinical implications related to manual therapies and surgical implications related to screw placement. This study is an anatomical cadaveric case report of symmetrical bilateral lateral and dorsal arcuate foramina on the C1 dorsal arch. Out of 40 cadavers that were available for use in teaching anatomy in the university setting, three presented with anomalies of the C1 dorsal arch. The sub-occipital regions were skillfully prosected to preserve related structures, especially VAs, sub-occipital and greater occipital nerves. Visual observations, photographs, measurements, and radiographic examinations were performed between January 15, 2014 and August 25, 2014. One cadaver (Specimen A) presented with complete bilateral ossified arcuate foramina, and two presented with partial ossification of the atlanto-occipital membrane. Specimen A presented the bilateral anomaly which is almost symmetrical. The VAs were found passing through double foramina (lateral and dorsal) on each side. Arcuate foramina have been shown to be commonly found anomalies with highly variable shapes and sizes, even in the same individual with a bilateral condition. This study found a rare type of the anomaly associated with the C1 dorsal arch, which protected the VA against manual pressure. However, VA, in this case, would be more susceptible to dissection. The presence of the arcuate foramen would also complicate screw placement during surgery. Clinical pre-screening for signs of vertebrobasilar insufficiency is important for chiropractic and manual therapies.

1H-nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics revealing the intrinsic relationships between neurochemical alterations and neurobehavioral and neuropathological abnormalities in rats exposed to tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate.

PubMed

Yang, Weiqun; Zhao, Fei; Fang, Yanjun; Li, Li; Li, Chaonan; Ta, Na

2018-06-01

Tris(2-chloroethyl)phosphate (TCEP) is a widely used environmental organic pollutant. Studies have revealed the presence of both TCEP and its metabolites in environmental media. The neurotoxicity of TCEP has been investigated in vitro but rarely in mammals. This study aimed to determine the neurotoxic effects of TCEP on rats and to explore the possible intrinsic relationships between neurochemical alterations and the neurotoxic effects. For this, 6-week-old female SD rats were administered 50, 100, or 250 mg/kg/d TCEP daily by oral gavage for 60 days. TCEP exposure produced neurotoxicity in the female SD rats. The Morris water maze results revealed a dose-dependent decline in spatial learning and memory functions of exposed rats. In addition, pathological examination of the brain showed apoptotic and necrotic lesions in the CA1 field pyramidal cells of the hippocampus; further, rats treated with the highest TCEP dose showed inflammatory cells and calcified/ossified foci in the cortex areas. Furthermore, 1 H-nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomics results revealed that TCEP exposure interfered with normal biological processes, including amino acid and neurotransmitter metabolism, energy metabolism, and cell membrane function integrity by changing the concentrations of glutamate, γ-aminobutyric acid, N-acetyl-d-aspartate, creatine, and lactic acid metabolites in the brain of treated rats. However, the changes in the concentrations of taurine, myo-inositol, creatine, and choline metabolites, which are associated with antioxidant physiological processes, might be a neuroprotective mechanism to prevent the neurotoxicity induced by TCEP. Thus, metabolomics combined with neuropathology and neurobehavioral analyses provided critical insights to investigate the TCEP-induced neurotoxic effects and mechanisms. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Role of notochord cells and sclerotome-derived cells in vertebral column development in fugu, Takifugu rubripes: histological and gene expression analyses.

PubMed

Kaneko, Takamasa; Freeha, Khalid; Wu, Xiaoming; Mogi, Makoto; Uji, Susumu; Yokoi, Hayato; Suzuki, Tohru

2016-10-01

Despite the common structure of vertebrates, the development of the vertebral column differs widely between teleosts and tetrapods in several respects, including the ossification of the centrum and the function of the notochord. In contrast to tetrapods, vertebral development in teleosts is not fully understood, particularly for large fish with highly ossified bones. We therefore examined the histology and gene expression profile of vertebral development in fugu, Takifugu rubripes, a model organism for genomic research. Ossification of the fugu centrum is carried out by outer osteoblasts expressing col1a1, col2a1, and sparc, and the growing centra completely divide the notochord into double cone-shaped segments that function as intercentral joints. In this process, the notochord basal cells produce a thick notochord sheath exhibiting Alcian-blue-reactive cartilaginous properties and composing the intercentral ligament in cooperation with the external ligament connective tissue. Synthesis of the matrix by the basal cells was ascertained by an in vitro test. Expression of twist2 indicates that this connective tissue is descended from the embryonic sclerotome. Notochord basal cells express sox9, ihhb, shh, and col2a1a, suggesting that the signaling system involved in chondrocyte proliferation and matrix production also functions in notochord cells for notochord sheath formation. We further found that the notochord expression of both ntla and shh is maintained in the fugu vertebral column, whereas it is turned off after embryogenesis in zebrafish. Thus, our results demonstrate that, in contrast to zebrafish, a dynamic morphogenesis and molecular network continues to function in fugu until the establishment of the adult vertebral column.

Management of symptomatic florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: Literature review and a case report

PubMed Central

Gucciardino, Federico; Rapetti, Roberta; Siervo, Sandro; Bianch, Andrea-Edoardo

2018-01-01

Introduction Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a jaw disorder characterized by a reactive process in which normal bone is replaced by connective tissue matrix. There are different Cemento-osseous dysplasia entities. The treatment of these lesions, once diagnosed by radiology, is not required because generally they are asymptomatic. The localization is in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws and its distribution is symmetric. Case Reports In this case report, a 57-year-old Caucasian female patient was referred to our attention complaining of painful inflammatory events localized in the right angle of the jaw. The radiographic appearance, the distribution of several lesions and the positive vitality test of the involved teeth, supported the diagnosis of Florid Cemento-osseous dysplasia. Because of the symptomatology, the patient was submitted to surgery and the lesion and the second inferior right molar were removed. The histological examination of the specimens confirmed the diagnosis. Discussion Many lesions that may exhibit a similar sclerotic appearance on conventional radiographs have to be differentiated and dental imaging can be used to discriminate between Florid COD and other lesions. Diagnosis of Florid Cemento-osseous dysplasia can be made with accurate clinical and radiographic assessment. In asymptomatic cases no treatment is required and the patient should have regular follow-up, but in this symptomatic case it was necessary to proceed with surgical intervention. The surgery treatment in the symptomatic case had a favourable prognosis and the two years follow-up has shown a complete healing. Given the abow, it is concluded that the choice of treatment must be selective according to the disease sites. Key words:Cemento-ossifying dysplasia, fibro-osseous lesions, florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, cementoma. PMID:29721232

Management of symptomatic florid cemento-osseous dysplasia: Literature review and a case report.

PubMed

Aiuto, Riccardo; Gucciardino, Federico; Rapetti, Roberta; Siervo, Sandro; Bianch, Andrea-Edoardo

2018-03-01

Cemento-osseous dysplasia is a jaw disorder characterized by a reactive process in which normal bone is replaced by connective tissue matrix. There are different Cemento-osseous dysplasia entities. The treatment of these lesions, once diagnosed by radiology, is not required because generally they are asymptomatic. The localization is in the tooth-bearing areas of the jaws and its distribution is symmetric. In this case report, a 57-year-old Caucasian female patient was referred to our attention complaining of painful inflammatory events localized in the right angle of the jaw. The radiographic appearance, the distribution of several lesions and the positive vitality test of the involved teeth, supported the diagnosis of Florid Cemento-osseous dysplasia. Because of the symptomatology, the patient was submitted to surgery and the lesion and the second inferior right molar were removed. The histological examination of the specimens confirmed the diagnosis. Many lesions that may exhibit a similar sclerotic appearance on conventional radiographs have to be differentiated and dental imaging can be used to discriminate between Florid COD and other lesions. Diagnosis of Florid Cemento-osseous dysplasia can be made with accurate clinical and radiographic assessment. In asymptomatic cases no treatment is required and the patient should have regular follow-up, but in this symptomatic case it was necessary to proceed with surgical intervention. The surgery treatment in the symptomatic case had a favourable prognosis and the two years follow-up has shown a complete healing. Given the abow, it is concluded that the choice of treatment must be selective according to the disease sites. Key words: Cemento-ossifying dysplasia, fibro-osseous lesions, florid cemento-osseous dysplasia, cementoma.

Increased FGF8 signaling promotes chondrogenic rather than osteogenic development in the embryonic skull.

PubMed

Schmidt, Linnea; Taiyab, Aftab; Melvin, Vida Senkus; Jones, Kenneth L; Williams, Trevor

2018-05-10

The bones of the cranial vault are formed directly from mesenchymal cells through intramembranous ossification rather than via a cartilage intermediate. Formation and growth of the skull bones involves the interaction of multiple cell:cell signaling pathways, with Fibroblast Growth Factors (FGFs) and their receptors exerting prominent influence. Mutations within this pathway are the most frequent cause of craniosynostosis, which is a common human craniofacial developmental abnormality characterized by the premature fusion of the cranial sutures. Here, we have developed new mouse models to investigate how different levels of increased Fgf signaling can impact the formation of the calvarial bones and associated sutures. While moderate Fgf8 overexpression resulted in delayed ossification followed by craniosynostosis of the coronal suture, higher Fgf8 levels promoted a loss of ossification and favored cartilage over bone formation across the skull. In contrast, endochondral bones were still able to form and ossify in the presence of increased Fgf8 , though the growth and mineralization of these bones were impacted to varying extents. Expression analysis demonstrated that abnormal skull chondrogenesis was accompanied by changes in genes required for Wnt signaling. Moreover, further analysis indicated that the pathology was associated with decreased Wnt signaling since the reduction in ossification could be partially rescued by halving Axin2 gene dosage. Taken together, these findings indicate that mesenchymal cells of the skull are not fated to form bone but can be forced into a chondrogenic fate via manipulation of FGF8 signaling. These results have implications for evolution of the different methods of ossification as well as for therapeutic intervention in craniosynostosis. © 2018. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Finite element analysis of mechanical behavior of human dysplastic hip joints: a systematic review.

PubMed

Vafaeian, B; Zonoobi, D; Mabee, M; Hareendranathan, A R; El-Rich, M; Adeeb, S; Jaremko, J L

2017-04-01

Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a common condition predisposing to osteoarthritis (OA). Especially since DDH is best identified and treated in infancy before bones ossify, there is surprisingly a near-complete absence of literature examining mechanical behavior of infant dysplastic hips. We sought to identify current practice in finite element modeling (FEM) of DDH, to inform future modeling of infant dysplastic hips. We performed multi-database systematic review using PRISMA criteria. Abstracts (n = 126) fulfilling inclusion criteria were screened for methodological quality, and results were analyzed and summarized for eligible articles (n = 12). The majority of the studies modeled human adult dysplastic hips. Two studies focused on etiology of DDH through simulating mechanobiological growth of prenatal hips; we found no FEM-based studies in infants or children. Finite element models used either patient-specific geometry or idealized average geometry. Diversities in choice of material properties, boundary conditions, and loading scenarios were found in the finite-element models. FEM of adult dysplastic hips demonstrated generally smaller cartilage contact area in dysplastic hips than in normal joints. Contact pressure (CP) may be higher or lower in dysplastic hips depending on joint geometry and mechanical contribution of labrum (Lb). FEM of mechanobiological growth of prenatal hip joints revealed evidence for effects of the joint mechanical environment on formation of coxa valga, asymmetrically shallow acetabulum and malformed femoral head associated with DDH. Future modeling informed by the results of this review may yield valuable insights into optimal treatment of DDH, and into how and why OA develops early in DDH. Copyright © 2016 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sexual dimorphism of the suprascapular notch – morphometric study

PubMed Central

Jędrzejewski, Kazimierz S.; Topol, Mirosław

2013-01-01

Introduction The concept of the study was to compare the morphometry of the suprascapular notch (SSN) in females and males because its size and shape may be a factor in suprascapular nerve entrapment. Material and methods The measurements of 81 scapulae included morphological length and width, maximal width and length projection of the scapular spine, and width and length of the glenoid cavity. The width-length scapular and glenoid cavity indices were calculated. In addition to standard anthropometric measurements three other dimensions were defined and collected for every SSN: maximal depth (MD), superior (STD) and middle (MTD) transverse diameters. Results The analysis of the measurements allowed us to distinguish five types of SSN. Type I (26%) had longer maximal depth than superior transverse diameter. Type II (3%) had equal MD, STD and MTD. In type III (57.6%) superior transverse diameter was longer than maximal depth. In type IV (7.4%) a bony foramen was present. Type V (6%) was without a discrete notch. Types I and III were divided into two subtypes: A (MTD was longer than STD) and B (MTD < STD). Distribution of the suprascapular notch types in both sexes was similar. However, MD, STD and MTD were significantly higher in males. The superior transverse suprascapular ligament was completely and partially ossified in 7.4% and 24.7% respectively. Conclusions The presented classification of the suprascapular notch is simple, easy to use, and based on specific geometric parameters which allow one to clearly distinguish five types of these structures. All dimensions of SSN were significantly higher in males than in females. PMID:23515320

Ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture in pediatric patients: technical success and safety.

PubMed

Pierce, David B; Shivaram, Giri; Koo, Kevin S H; Shaw, Dennis W W; Meyer, Kirby F; Monroe, Eric J

2018-06-01

Disadvantages of fluoroscopically guided lumbar puncture include delivery of ionizing radiation and limited resolution of incompletely ossified posterior elements. Ultrasound (US) allows visualization of critical soft tissues and the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) space without ionizing radiation. To determine the technical success and safety of US-guided lumbar puncture in pediatric patients. A retrospective review identified all patients referred to interventional radiology for lumbar puncture between June 2010 and June 2017. Patients who underwent lumbar puncture with fluoroscopic guidance alone were excluded. For the remaining procedures, technical success and procedural complications were assessed. Two hundred and one image-guided lumbar punctures in 161 patients were included. Eighty patients (43%) had previously failed landmark-based attempts. One hundred ninety-six (97.5%) patients underwent lumbar puncture. Five procedures (2.5%) were not attempted after US assessment, either due to a paucity of CSF or unsafe window for needle placement. Technical success was achieved in 187 (95.4%) of lumbar punctures attempted with US guidance. One hundred seventy-seven (90.3%) were technically successful with US alone (age range: 2 days-15 years, weight range: 1.9-53.1 kg) and an additional 10 (5.1%) were successful with US-guided thecal access and subsequent fluoroscopic confirmation. Three (1.5%) cases were unsuccessful with US guidance but were subsequently successful with fluoroscopic guidance. Of the 80 previously failed landmark-based lumbar punctures, 77 (96.3%) were successful with US guidance alone. There were no reported complications. US guidance is safe and effective for lumbar punctures and has specific advantages over fluoroscopy in pediatric patients.

First evidence of genotype-phenotype correlations in Gorlin syndrome.

PubMed

Evans, D Gareth; Oudit, Deemesh; Smith, Miriam J; Rutkowski, David; Allan, Ernest; Newman, William G; Lear, John T

2017-08-01

Gorlin syndrome (GS) is an autosomal dominant syndrome characterised by multiple basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) and an increased risk of jaw cysts and early childhood medulloblastoma. Heterozygous germline variants in PTCH1 and SUFU encoding components of the Sonic hedgehog pathway explain the majority of cases. Here, we aimed to delineate genotype-phenotype correlations in GS. We assessed genetic and phenotypic data for 182 individuals meeting the diagnostic criteria for GS (median age: 47.1; IQR: 31.1-61.1). A total of 126 patients had a heterozygous pathogenic variant, 9 had SUFU pathogenic variants and 46 had no identified mutation. Patients with variants were more likely to be diagnosed earlier (p=0.02), have jaw cysts (p=0.002) and have bifid ribs (p=0.003) or any skeletal abnormality (p=0.003) than patients with no identified mutation. Patients with a missense variant in PTCH1 were diagnosed later (p=0.03) and were less likely to develop at least 10 BCCs and jaw cysts than those with other pathogenic PTCH1 variants (p=0.03). Patients with SUFU pathogenic variants were significantly more likely than those with PTCH1 pathogenic variants to develop a medulloblastoma (p=0.009), a meningioma (p=0.02) or an ovarian fibroma (p=0.015), but were less likely to develop a jaw cyst (p=0.0004). We propose that the clinical heterogeneity of GS can in part be explained by the underlying or SUFU variant. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Detection and typing of human papillomaviruses (HPV) in malignant, dysplastic, nondysplastic and normal oral epithelium by nested polymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and transitional electron microscopy in patients of northern Greece.

PubMed

Blioumi, E; Chatzidimitriou, D; Pazartzi, Ch; Katopodi, Th; Tzimagiorgis, G; Emmanouil-Nikoloussi, E-N; Markopoulos, A; Kalekou, C; Lazaridis, N; Diza, E; Antoniades, D

2014-09-01

To evaluate the role of HPV in oral carcinogenesis, we examined the prevalence of HPV in malignant, potentially malignant and normal oral epithelium and studied the relation of HPV prevalence with other factors obtained from the patient's records. Our material consisted of 291 tissue specimens from 258 individuals. From every individual formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tissues were examined by nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (NPCR) for the detection of HPV DNA and by immunohistochemistry (IHC) for the in situ detection of HPV L1 protein. Positive PCR products were sequenced in order to type HPVs. Also 33 fresh tissues were obtained, fixed and used to detect HPV particles by transitional electron microscopy (TEM). HPV was detected in 32.9% of the tissue specimens by NPCR, in 4.7% by immunohistochemistry and in 28.1% by TEM. In detail, by nested PCR HPV L1 DNA was detected in 40% of normal tissues, 40% of fibromas, 35.8% of non-dysplastic leukoplakias, 31.6% of dysplastic leukoplakias and 22.2% of oral squamous cell carcinomas. The HPV viral load of 96.5% of the samples was very low (1 viral copy per 10(2)-10(4) cells). HPV16 prevails in all histological groups in 89-100%. We conclude that HPV does not seem, from the specific sample examined, to play a substantial role in oral carcinogenesis. However, it cannot be excluded that HPV could be involved in oral carcinogenesis only in cases with high viral load or at early stages of carcinogenesis possibly through the hit-and-run mechanism. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Management of craniofacial chondroid tumors.

PubMed

Cherekaev, Vasily A; Golbin, Denis A; Gasparyan, Tigran G; Shishkina, Lyudmila V; Tsukanova, Tatiana V

2015-01-01

Craniofacial chondroid tumors (CFCTs) constitute less than 1% of all intracranial mass lesions. No protocol for evaluation and management of CFCTs is developed at the moment. We analyzed 51 patients with CFCTs operated on in Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute from 1980 until 2012, which included chondroma (15), chondroblastoma (3), chondromyxoid fibroma (11), and chondrosarcoma (22). Age varied from 2 to 76 years (mean, 40 y); the series included 23 women and 28 men. All tumors were divided into 4 groups: midline unilateral (8),midline bilateral (21), anterolateral (19), and lateral (3). This division was based on differences in surgical approaches (P = 0.009). All patients underwent surgical treatment. Complete removal was achieved in 20; subtotal, in 21; and partial, in 10. Two patients died, and early complications were observed in 10 cases. Early outcomes correlated with the benign nature of the tumors (P = 0.002). Follow-up data were available in 22 patients. Fifteen of 51 patients were reoperated on because of recurrence (a total of 43 reoperations were performed). The mean recurrence-free period was 45 months. In 3 patients, the tumor metastasized, and malignant transformation was observed in 3 cases. Sixteen patients received postoperative radiation therapy. Delayed sequelae occurred in 5 observations, and 5 patients died during long-term follow-up. Three-year survival in benign and malignant tumors was 87.5% and 55.6%, respectively, and 5-year survival was 83.3% and 40.0%, respectively. Surgical resection is the mainstay in treatment of both benign and malignant craniofacial tumors, and adjuvant radiation therapy is mandatory in malignant lesions; however, it should be avoided in benign lesions.

Two loci for tuberous sclerosis: one on 9q34 and one on 16p13.

PubMed

Povey, S; Burley, M W; Attwood, J; Benham, F; Hunt, D; Jeremiah, S J; Franklin, D; Gillett, G; Malas, S; Robson, E B

1994-05-01

32 families informative for the segregation of Tuberous sclerosis (TSC) have been examined for genetic markers on chromosomes 9, 11, 12 and 16. In one large family there was clear evidence of linkage to markers on chromosome 16p13.3 (lodscore with D16S291 of 4.7 at theta = 0) but other families were too small to give individually convincing lodscores. Combined results for all families gave positive results with ABO/DBH on chromosome 9 (max lod 2.63) and with D16S291 on chromosome 16 (max lod 3.98) at values of theta of 0.2 in each case. Further analysis showed strong evidence for heterogeneity with approximately half the families linked to a locus TSC1 on chromosome 9 between ASS and D9S298 and half to TSC2 on chromosome 16 close to D16S291. There was no definite support for a third locus although in many families this could not be excluded. In three families the segregation pattern of TSC remains unexplained. In two of these the family apparently segregates for TSC1 but in each case a single affected individual appeared to exclude the whole of the candidate region. Preliminary analysis of clinical features did not reveal any definite differences in incidence of mental handicap between individuals in different linkage groups or with different sex of the parent of origin. The frequencies of periungual fibromas and facial angiofibromas were also similar in both linkage groups. The difficulties of detecting linkage in small families where there is locus heterogeneity are discussed. The program ZZ was found to be helpful in this respect.

Prospective study of the 532 nm laser (KTP) versus diode laser 980 nm in the resection of hyperplastic lesions of the oral cavity

PubMed Central

Bargiela-Pérez, Patricia; González-Merchán, Jorge; Díaz-Sánchez, Rosa; Serrera-Figallo, Maria-Angeles; Volland, Gerd; Joergens, Martin; Gutiérrez-Pérez, Jose-Luis

2018-01-01

Background The aim of this study is to evaluate the resection of hyperplastic lesions on the buccal mucosa comparing the 532nm laser (KTP), versus diode 980nm laser, considering pain, scarring, inflammation and drug consumption that occurred postoperatively with each lasers. Material and Methods A prospective study of consecutive series of 20 patients in two groups that presents hyperplastic lesions on the buccal mucosa. The choice of the KTP laser or diode 980nm laser for the surgery was made randomly. The power used was 1.5W in both groups in a continuous wave mode with a 320 μm optical fiber. Parameters of pain, scarring, inflammation and consumption of drugs were recorded by a Numerical Rating Scale and evaluated postoperatively. These recordings were made the day of the surgery, 24 hours after, 14 and 28 days after. Results Pain and inflammation was light - moderate. The consumption of paracetamol was somewhat higher in the diode 980nm laser versus the KTP laser after 24 hours, although data was not statistically significant; significant differences were found after 28 days in regards to pain (p = 0.023) and inflammation (p = 0.023), but always in the absence parameter so we find no pain in both lasers. Scarring in the two types of laser showed no differences along the visits, with not detected scar retractable. Conclusions Although there is a slight histological difference regarding the KTP laser in the oral soft tissues for clinical use, both wavelengths are very suitable for excision of oral fibroma. Key words:Laser surgery, Laser therapy, oral surgery, soft tissue, 980 nm diode laser, 532 nm KTP laser. PMID:29274158

[Medical terminology and lay users. A quali-quantitative survey of a group of young motivated graduates].

PubMed

Conti, A A

2013-01-01

Medical terms occupy growing spaces in dictionaries and the media daily propose a great number of medical words. Nevertheless scientific data regarding the actual degree of comprehension of medical terminology on the part of lay users are scanty. Aim of this study was the evaluation, in a group of young motivated graduates, of the degree of understanding of a set of medical terms normally adopted by physicians in specialistic language, and also used when speaking with patients. Nine medical terms used by physicians in daily practice were selected (“aphasia”, “edema”, “erythema”, “fibrillation”, “fibroma”, “jaundice”, “paraplegia”, “polypus”, “sclerosis”) and they were administered in paper form to eighteen young graduates, non-health operators who were asked to furnish one definition for each of the terms. A subsequent structured oral discussion integrated the recorded written findings. Erythema and fibrillation were the most well-known and understood terms. Among the selected medical terms, the more difficult ones to understand were sclerosis and jaundice. Interesting features emerged from the characterization of the site attributed to some of the investigated terms, in particular edema was mainly perceived as the pulmonary one, fibroma was more often interpreted as a benign tumor localized in the uterus and polypus was more frequently associated with its collocation in the nose. The participants involved in this quali-quantitative survey demonstrated a general good knowledge and comprehension of the medical terms proposed. Some limits in knowledge documented in this group, however, indicate that the use of medical terminology needs more clarification within the doctor-patient context. Such clarification appears even more mandatory in subjects with low scholastic-education levels.

Myxomatosis in Australia and Europe: a model for emerging infectious diseases.

PubMed

Kerr, Peter J

2012-03-01

Myxoma virus is a poxvirus naturally found in two American leporid (rabbit) species (Sylvilagus brasiliensis and Sylvilagus bachmani) in which it causes an innocuous localised cutaneous fibroma. However, in European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) the same virus causes the lethal disseminated disease myxomatosis. The introduction of myxoma virus into the European rabbit population in Australia in 1950 initiated the best known example of what happens when a novel pathogen jumps into a completely naïve new mammalian host species. The short generation time of the rabbit and their vast numbers in Australia meant evolution could be studied in real time. The carefully documented emergence of attenuated strains of virus that were more effectively transmitted by the mosquito vector and the subsequent selection of rabbits with genetic resistance to myxomatosis is the paradigm for pathogen virulence and host-pathogen coevolution. This natural experiment was repeated with the release of a separate strain of myxoma virus in France in 1952. The subsequent spread of the virus throughout Europe and its coevolution with the rabbit essentially paralleled what occurred in Australia. Detailed molecular studies on myxoma virus have dissected the role of virulence genes in the pathogenesis of myxomatosis and when combined with genomic data and reverse genetics should in future enable the understanding of the molecular evolution of the virus as it adapted to its new host. This review describes the natural history and evolution of myxoma virus together with the molecular biology and experimental pathogenesis studies that are informing our understanding of evolution of emerging diseases. Crown Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New developmental evidence clarifies the evolution of wrist bones in the dinosaur-bird transition.

PubMed

Botelho, João Francisco; Ossa-Fuentes, Luis; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Smith-Paredes, Daniel; Nuñez-León, Daniel; Salinas-Saavedra, Miguel; Ruiz-Flores, Macarena; Vargas, Alexander O

2014-09-01

From early dinosaurs with as many as nine wrist bones, modern birds evolved to develop only four ossifications. Their identity is uncertain, with different labels used in palaeontology and developmental biology. We examined embryos of several species and studied chicken embryos in detail through a new technique allowing whole-mount immunofluorescence of the embryonic cartilaginous skeleton. Beyond previous controversy, we establish that the proximal-anterior ossification develops from a composite radiale+intermedium cartilage, consistent with fusion of radiale and intermedium observed in some theropod dinosaurs. Despite previous claims that the development of the distal-anterior ossification does not support the dinosaur-bird link, we found its embryonic precursor shows two distinct regions of both collagen type II and collagen type IX expression, resembling the composite semilunate bone of bird-like dinosaurs (distal carpal 1+distal carpal 2). The distal-posterior ossification develops from a cartilage referred to as "element x," but its position corresponds to distal carpal 3. The proximal-posterior ossification is perhaps most controversial: It is labelled as the ulnare in palaeontology, but we confirm the embryonic ulnare is lost during development. Re-examination of the fossil evidence reveals the ulnare was actually absent in bird-like dinosaurs. We confirm the proximal-posterior bone is a pisiform in terms of embryonic position and its development as a sesamoid associated to a tendon. However, the pisiform is absent in bird-like dinosaurs, which are known from several articulated specimens. The combined data provide compelling evidence of a remarkable evolutionary reversal: A large, ossified pisiform re-evolved in the lineage leading to birds, after a period in which it was either absent, nonossified, or very small, consistently escaping fossil preservation. The bird wrist provides a modern example of how developmental and paleontological data illuminate

A comparison of the simplified olecranon and digital methods of assessment of skeletal maturity during the pubertal growth spurt.

PubMed

Canavese, F; Charles, Y P; Dimeglio, A; Schuller, S; Rousset, M; Samba, A; Pereira, B; Steib, J-P

2014-11-01

Assessment of skeletal age is important in children's orthopaedics. We compared two simplified methods used in the assessment of skeletal age. Both methods have been described previously with one based on the appearance of the epiphysis at the olecranon and the other on the digital epiphyses. We also investigated the influence of assessor experience on applying these two methods. Our investigation was based on the anteroposterior left hand and lateral elbow radiographs of 44 boys (mean: 14.4; 12.4 to 16.1 ) and 78 girls (mean: 13.0; 11.1 to14.9) obtained during the pubertal growth spurt. A total of nine observers examined the radiographs with the observers assigned to three groups based on their experience (experienced, intermediate and novice). These raters were required to determined skeletal ages twice at six-week intervals. The correlation between the two methods was determined per assessment and per observer groups. Interclass correlation coefficients (ICC) evaluated the reproducibility of the two methods. The overall correlation between the two methods was r = 0.83 for boys and r = 0.84 for girls. The correlation was equal between first and second assessment, and between the observer groups (r ≥ 0.82). There was an equally strong ICC for the assessment effect (ICC ≤ 0.4%) and observer effect (ICC ≤ 3%) for each method. There was no significant (p < 0.05) difference between the levels of experience. The two methods are equally reliable in assessing skeletal maturity. The olecranon method offers detailed information during the pubertal growth spurt, while the digital method is as accurate but less detailed, making it more useful after the pubertal growth spurt once the olecranon has ossified. ©2014 The British Editorial Society of Bone & Joint Surgery.

Extracellular matrix of adipogenically differentiated mesenchymal stem cells reveals a network of collagen filaments, mostly interwoven by hexagonal structural units.

PubMed

Ullah, Mujib; Sittinger, Michael; Ringe, Jochen

2013-01-01

Extracellular matrix (ECM) is the non-cellular component of tissues, which not only provides biological shelter but also takes part in the cellular decisions for diverse functions. Every tissue has an ECM with unique composition and topology that governs the process of determination, differentiation, proliferation, migration and regeneration of cells. Little is known about the structural organization of matrix especially of MSC-derived adipogenic ECM. Here, we particularly focus on the composition and architecture of the fat ECM to understand the cellular behavior on functional bases. Thus, mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) were adipogenically differentiated, then, were transferred to adipogenic propagation medium, whereas they started the release of lipid droplets leaving bare network of ECM. Microarray analysis was performed, to indentify the molecular machinery of matrix. Adipogenesis was verified by Oil Red O staining of lipid droplets and by qPCR of adipogenic marker genes PPARG and FABP4. Antibody staining demonstrated the presence of collagen type I, II and IV filaments, while alkaline phosphatase activity verified the ossified nature of these filaments. In the adipogenic matrix, the hexagonal structures were abundant followed by octagonal structures, whereas they interwoven in a crisscross manner. Regarding molecular machinery of adipogenic ECM, the bioinformatics analysis revealed the upregulated expression of COL4A1, ITGA7, ITGA7, SDC2, ICAM3, ADAMTS9, TIMP4, GPC1, GPC4 and downregulated expression of COL14A1, ADAMTS5, TIMP2, TIMP3, BGN, LAMA3, ITGA2, ITGA4, ITGB1, ITGB8, CLDN11. Moreover, genes associated with integrins, glycoproteins, laminins, fibronectins, cadherins, selectins and linked signaling pathways were found. Knowledge of the interactive-language between cells and matrix could be beneficial for the artificial designing of biomaterials and bioscaffolds. © 2013.

Cervical intradural disc herniation.

PubMed

Iwamura, Y; Onari, K; Kondo, S; Inasaka, R; Horii, H

2001-03-15

A case report of anterior en bloc resected cervical intradural disc herniation and a review of the literature. To discuss the pathogenesis of cervical intradural disc herniation. Including this study case, only 17 cases of cervical intradural disc herniation have been reported. There have been few detailed reports concerning the pathogenesis of cervical intradural disc herniation. A cervical intradural disc herniation at C6-C7, with localized hypertrophy and segmentally ossified posterior longitudinal ligament, is reported in a 45-year-old man who had Brown-Sequard syndrome diagnosed on neurologic examination. Neuroradiologic, operative, and histologic findings, particularly the pathology of the anterior en bloc resected posterior vertebral portion of C6 and C7, were evaluated for discussion of the pathogenesis. Adhesion of dura mater and hypertrophic posterior longitudinal ligament was observed around a perforated portion of the herniated disc, and histologic study showed irregularity in fiber alignment accompanied by scattered inflammatory cell infiltration and hypertrophy in the posterior longitudinal ligament. The cervical intradural disc herniation was removed successfully and followed by C5-Th1 anterior interbody fusion with fibular strut graft. Neurologic recovery was complete except for minor residual sensory disturbance in the leg 7 years after the surgery. Cervical intradural disc herniation is an extremely rare condition. The pathogenesis remains obscure. Only 16 cases have been reported in the literature, and there has been little discussion concerning the local pathology of the herniated portion. The pathogenesis of the disease in the patient reported here was considered to be the adhesion and fragility of dura mater and posterior longitudinal ligament. This was caused by hypertrophy, with chronic inflammation and ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament sustaining chronic mechanical irritation to the dura mater, leading to perforation of

Synchrotron microtomography of a Nothosaurus marchicus skull informs on nothosaurian physiology and neurosensory adaptations in early Sauropterygia

PubMed Central

Reich, Tobias; Araújo, Ricardo; Scheyer, Torsten M.

2018-01-01

Nothosaurs form a subclade of the secondarily marine Sauropterygia that was well represented in late Early to early Late Triassic marine ecosystems. Here we present and discuss the internal skull anatomy of the small piscivorous nothosaur Nothosaurus marchicus from coastal to shallow marine Lower Muschelkalk deposits (Anisian) of Winterswijk, The Netherlands, which represents the oldest sauropterygian endocast visualized to date. The cranial endocast is only partially encapsulated by ossified braincase elements. Cranial flattening and lateral constriction by hypertrophied temporal musculature grant the brain a straight, tubular geometry that lacks particularly well-developed cerebral lobes but does potentially involve distinguishable optic lobes, suggesting vision may have represented an important sense during life. Despite large orbit size, the circuitous muscular pathway linking the basisphenoidal and orbital regions indicates poor oculomotor performance. This suggests a rather fixed ocular orientation, although eye placement and neck manoeuvrability could have enabled binocular if not stereoscopic vision. The proportionally large dorsal projection of the braincase endocast towards the well-developed pineal foramen advocates substantial dependence on the corresponding pineal system in vivo. Structures corroborating keen olfactory or acoustic senses were not identified. The likely atrophied vomeronasal organ argues against the presence of a forked tongue in Nothosaurus, and the relative positioning of external and internal nares contrasts respiratory configurations proposed for pistosauroid sauropterygians. The antorbital domain furthermore accommodates a putative rostral sensory plexus and pronounced lateral nasal glands that were likely exapted as salt glands. Previously proposed nothosaurian ‘foramina eustachii’ arose from architectural constraints on braincase development rather than representing functional foramina. Several modifications to brain shape

Reidentification of avian embryonic remains from the cretaceous of mongolia.

PubMed

Varricchio, David J; Balanoff, Amy M; Norell, Mark A

2015-01-01

Embryonic remains within a small (4.75 by 2.23 cm) egg from the Late Cretaceous, Mongolia are here re-described. High-resolution X-ray computed tomography (HRCT) was used to digitally prepare and describe the enclosed embryonic bones. The egg, IGM (Mongolian Institute for Geology, Ulaanbaatar) 100/2010, with a three-part shell microstructure, was originally assigned to Neoceratopsia implying extensive homoplasy among eggshell characters across Dinosauria. Re-examination finds the forelimb significantly longer than the hindlimbs, proportions suggesting an avian identification. Additional, postcranial apomorphies (strut-like coracoid, cranially located humeral condyles, olecranon fossa, slender radius relative to the ulna, trochanteric crest on the femur, and ulna longer than the humerus) identify the embryo as avian. Presence of a dorsal coracoid fossa and a craniocaudally compressed distal humerus with a strongly angled distal margin support a diagnosis of IGM 100/2010 as an enantiornithine. Re-identification eliminates the implied homoplasy of this tri-laminate eggshell structure, and instead associates enantiornithine birds with eggshell microstructure composed of a mammillary, squamatic, and external zones. Posture of the embryo follows that of other theropods with fore- and hindlimbs folded parallel to the vertebral column and the elbow pointing caudally just dorsal to the knees. The size of the egg and embryo of IGM 100/2010 is similar to the two other Mongolian enantiornithine eggs. Well-ossified skeletons, as in this specimen, characterize all known enantiornithine embryos suggesting precocial hatchlings, comparing closely to late stage embryos of modern precocial birds that are both flight- and run-capable upon hatching. Extensive ossification in enantiornithine embryos may contribute to their relatively abundant representation in the fossil record. Neoceratopsian eggs remain unrecognized in the fossil record.

Whole-Body and Microenvironmental Localization of Radium-223 in Naïve and Mouse Models of Prostate Cancer Metastasis

PubMed Central

Abou, Diane S.; Ulmert, David; Doucet, Michele; Hobbs, Robert F.; Riddle, Ryan C.

2016-01-01

Background: Bone-metastatic, castration-resistant prostate cancer (bmCRPC) represents a lethal stage of the most common noncutaneous cancer in men. The recent introduction of Radium-223 dichloride, a bone-seeking alpha particle (α)–emitting radiopharmaceutical, demonstrates statistically significant survival benefit and palliative effect for bmCRPC patients. Clinical results have established safety and efficacy, yet questions remain regarding pharmacodynamics and dosing for optimized patient benefit. Methods: We elucidated the biodistribution of 223Ra as well as interaction with the bone and tumor compartments in skeletally mature mice (C57Bl/6 and CD-1, n = 3–6) and metastasis models (LNCaP and PC3, n = 4). Differences in uptake were evaluated by µCT and histological investigation. Novel techniques were leveraged on whole-mount undecalcified cryosections to determine microdistribution of Radium-223. All statistical tests were two-sided. Results: 223Ra uptake in the bones (>30% injected activity per gram) at 24 hours was also accompanied by non-negligible remnant activity in the kidney (2.33% ± 0.36%), intestines (5.73% ± 2.04%), and spleen (10.5% ± 5.9%) Skeletal accumulation across strains did not correspond with bone volume or surface area but instead to local blood vessel density (P = .04). Microdistribution analysis by autoradiography and α camera revealed targeting of the ossifying surfaces adjacent to the epiphyseal growth plate. In models of PCa metastasis, radioactivity does not localize directly within tumors but instead at the apposite bone surface. Osteoblastic and lytic lesions display similar intensity, which is comparable with uptake at sites of normal bone remodeling. Conclusions: Profiling the macro- and microdistribution of 223Ra in healthy and diseased models has important implications to guide precision application of this emerging α-therapy approach for bmCRPC and other bone metastastic diseases. PMID:26683407

Ontogeny of the Alligator Cartilago Transiliens and Its Significance for Sauropsid Jaw Muscle Evolution

PubMed Central

Tsai, Henry P.; Holliday, Casey M.

2011-01-01

The cartilago transiliens is a fibrocartilaginous structure within the jaw muscles of crocodylians. The cartilago transiliens slides between the pterygoid buttress and coronoid region of the lower jaw and connects two muscles historically identified as m. pseudotemporalis superficialis and m. intramandibularis. However, the position of cartilago transiliens, and its anatomical similarities to tendon organs suggest the structure may be a sesamoid linking a single muscle. Incompressible sesamoids often form inside tendons that wrap around bone. However, such structures rarely ossify in reptiles and have thus far received scant attention. We tested the hypothesis that the cartilago transiliens is a sesamoid developed within in one muscle by investigating its structure in an ontogenetic series of Alligator mississippiensis using dissection, 3D imaging, and polarizing and standard light microscopy. In all animals studied, the cartilago transiliens receives collagen fibers and tendon insertions from its two main muscular attachments. However, whereas collagen fibers were continuous within the cartilaginous nodule of younger animals, such continuity decreased in older animals, where the fibrocartilaginous core grew to displace the fibrous region. Whereas several neighboring muscles attached to the fibrous capsule in older individuals, only two muscles had significant contributions to the structure in young animals. Our results indicate that the cartilago transiliens is likely a sesamoid formed within a single muscle (i.e., m. pseudotemporalis superficialis) as it wraps around the pterygoid buttress. This tendon organ is ubiquitous among fossil crocodyliforms indicating it is a relatively ancient, conserved structure associated with the development of the large pterygoid flanges in this clade. Finally, these findings indicate that similar tendon organs exist among potentially homologous muscle groups in birds and turtles, thus impacting inferences of jaw muscle homology

Torsion and Bending in the Neck and Tail of Sauropod Dinosaurs and the Function of Cervical Ribs: Insights from Functional Morphology and Biomechanics

PubMed Central

Preuschoft, Holger; Klein, Nicole

2013-01-01

The long necks of sauropods have been subject to many studies regarding their posture and flexibility. Length of the neck varies among groups. Here, we investigate neck posture and morphology in several clades from a mechanical viewpoint. Emphasis is put on comparing sauropod necks and tails with structures in living archosaurs and mammals. Differences in the use made of necks and tails lead to clear-cut differences in the mechanical loads occurring in the same models. Ways of sustaining loads are identified by theoretical considerations. If the observed skeletal structures are suited to resist the estimated loading in a particular posture, this concordance is taken as an argument that this posture or movement was of importance during the life of the individual. Apart from the often-discussed bending in side view, we analyze the often overlooked torsion. Because torsional stresses in a homogenous element concentrate near the periphery, a cylindrical cross section gives greatest strength, and the direction of forces is oblique. In a vertebrate neck, during e.g. shaking the head and twisting the neck, oblique muscles, like the mm. scaleni, if activated unilaterally initiate movement, counterbalance the torsional moments and keep the joints between neck vertebrae in equilibrium. If activated bilaterally, these muscles keep the neck balanced in an energy-saving upright posture. The tendons of the mm. scaleni may have ossified as cervical ribs The long cervical ribs in brachiosaurids and mamenchisaurids seem to have limited flexibility, whereas the shorter cervical ribs in Diplodocidae allowed free movement. The tails of sauropods do not show pronounced adaptation to torsion, and seem to have been carried more or less in a horizontal, extended posture. In this respect, sauropod tails resemble the necks of herbivorous cursorial mammals. These analyses provide an improved understanding of neck use that will be extended to other sauropods in subsequent studies. PMID

Prenatal development of the normal human vertebral corpora in different segments of the spine.

PubMed

Nolting, D; Hansen, B F; Keeling, J; Kjaer, I

1998-11-01

Vertebral columns from 13 normal human fetuses (10-24 weeks of gestation) that had aborted spontaneously were investigated as part of the legal autopsy procedure. The investigation included spinal cord analysis. To analyze the formation of the normal human vertebral corpora along the spine, including the early location and disappearance of the notochord. Reference material on the development of the normal human vertebral corpora is needed for interpretation of published observations on prenatal malformations in the spine, which include observations of various types of malformation (anencephaly, spina bifida) and various genotypes (trisomy 18, 21 and 13, as well as triploidy). The vertebral columns were studied by using radiography (Faxitron X-ray apparatus, Faxitron Model 43,855, Hewlett Packard) in lateral, frontal, and axial views and histology (decalcification, followed by toluidine blue and alcian blue staining) in and axial view. Immunohistochemical marking with Keratin Wide Spectrum also was done. Notochordal tissue (positive on marking with Keratin Wide Spectrum [DAKO, Denmark]) was located anterior to the cartilaginous body center in the youngest fetuses. The process of disintegration of the notochord and the morphology of the osseous vertebral corpora in the lumbosacral, thoracic, and cervical segments are described. Marked differences appeared in axial views, which were verified on horizontal histologic sections. Also, the increase in size was different in the different segments, being most pronounced in the thoracic and upper lumbar bodies. The lower thoracic bodies were the first to ossify. The morphologic changes observed by radiography were verified histologically. In this study, normal prenatal standards were established for the early development of the vertebral column. These standards can be used in the future--for evaluation of pathologic deviations in the human vertebral column in the second trimester.

Comparative Postembryonic Skeletal Ontogeny in Two Sister Lineages of Old World Tree Frogs (Rhacophoridae: Taruga, Polypedates)

PubMed Central

Senevirathne, Gayani; Kerney, Ryan

2017-01-01

Rhacophoridae, a family of morphologically cryptic frogs, with many genetically distinct evolutionary lineages, is understudied with respect to skeletal morphology, life history traits and skeletal ontogeny. Here we analyze two species each from two sister lineages, Taruga and Polypedates, and compare their postembryonic skeletal ontogeny, larval chondrocrania and adult osteology in the context of a well-resolved phylogeny. We further compare these ontogenetic traits with the direct-developing Pseudophilautus silus. For each species, we differentially stained a nearly complete developmental series of tadpoles from early postembryonic stages through metamorphosis to determine the intraspecific and interspecific differences of cranial and postcranial bones. Chondrocrania of the four species differ in 1) size; 2) presence/absence of anterolateral and posterior process; and 3) shape of the suprarostral cartilages. Interspecific variation of ossification sequences is limited during early stages, but conspicuous during later development. Early cranial ossification is typical of other anuran larvae, where the frontoparietal, exoccipital and parasphenoid ossify first. The ossification sequences of the cranial bones vary considerably within the four species. Both species of Taruga show a faster cranial ossification rate than Polypedates. Seven cranial bones form when larvae near metamorphic climax. Ossification of all 18 cranial bones is initiated by larval Gosner stage 46 in T. eques. However, some cranial bone formation is not initiated until after metamorphosis in the other three species. Postcranial sequence does not vary significantly. The comparison of adult osteology highlights two characters, which have not been previously recorded: presence/absence of the parieto-squamosal plates and bifurcated base of the omosternum. This study will provide a starting point for comparative analyses of rhacophorid skeletal ontogeny and facilitate the study of the evolution of

Synchrotron microtomography of a Nothosaurus marchicus skull informs on nothosaurian physiology and neurosensory adaptations in early Sauropterygia.

PubMed

Voeten, Dennis F A E; Reich, Tobias; Araújo, Ricardo; Scheyer, Torsten M

2018-01-01

Nothosaurs form a subclade of the secondarily marine Sauropterygia that was well represented in late Early to early Late Triassic marine ecosystems. Here we present and discuss the internal skull anatomy of the small piscivorous nothosaur Nothosaurus marchicus from coastal to shallow marine Lower Muschelkalk deposits (Anisian) of Winterswijk, The Netherlands, which represents the oldest sauropterygian endocast visualized to date. The cranial endocast is only partially encapsulated by ossified braincase elements. Cranial flattening and lateral constriction by hypertrophied temporal musculature grant the brain a straight, tubular geometry that lacks particularly well-developed cerebral lobes but does potentially involve distinguishable optic lobes, suggesting vision may have represented an important sense during life. Despite large orbit size, the circuitous muscular pathway linking the basisphenoidal and orbital regions indicates poor oculomotor performance. This suggests a rather fixed ocular orientation, although eye placement and neck manoeuvrability could have enabled binocular if not stereoscopic vision. The proportionally large dorsal projection of the braincase endocast towards the well-developed pineal foramen advocates substantial dependence on the corresponding pineal system in vivo. Structures corroborating keen olfactory or acoustic senses were not identified. The likely atrophied vomeronasal organ argues against the presence of a forked tongue in Nothosaurus, and the relative positioning of external and internal nares contrasts respiratory configurations proposed for pistosauroid sauropterygians. The antorbital domain furthermore accommodates a putative rostral sensory plexus and pronounced lateral nasal glands that were likely exapted as salt glands. Previously proposed nothosaurian 'foramina eustachii' arose from architectural constraints on braincase development rather than representing functional foramina. Several modifications to brain shape and

The characteristic clinical symptoms of C-4 radiculopathy caused by ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament.

PubMed

Katsumi, Keiichi; Yamazaki, Akiyoshi; Watanabe, Kei; Hirano, Toru; Ohashi, Masayuki; Endo, Naoto

2014-05-01

Cervical radiculopathy of the C2-4 spinal nerves is a rare condition and is poorly documented in terms of clinical symptoms, hindering its detection during initial patient screening based on imaging diagnostics. The authors describe in detail the clinical symptoms and successful surgical treatment of a patient diagnosed with isolated C-4 radiculopathy. This 41-year-old man suffered from sleep disturbance because of pain behind the right ear, along the right clavicle, and at the back of his neck on the right side. The Jackson and Spurling tests were positive, with pain radiating to the area behind the patient's ear. Unlike in cases of radiculopathy involving the C5-8 spinal nerves, no loss of upper-extremity motor function was seen. Magnetic resonance imaging showed foraminal stenosis at the C3-4 level on the right side, and multiplanar reconstruction CT revealed a beak-type ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament in the foraminal region at the same level. In the absence of intracranial lesions or spinal cord compressive lesions, the positive Jackson and Spurling tests and the C3-4 foraminal stenosis were indicative of isolated C-4 radiculopathy. Microscopic foraminotomy was performed at the C3-4 vertebral level and the ossified lesion was resected. The patient's symptoms completely resolved immediately after surgery. To the authors' knowledge, this report is the first to describe the symptomatic features of isolated C-4 radiculopathy, in a case in which the diagnosis has been confirmed by both radiological findings and surgical outcome. Based on this case study, the authors conclude that the characteristic symptoms of C-4 radiculopathy are the presence of pain behind the ear and in the clavicular region in the absence of upper-limb involvement.

From dinosaurs to birds: a tail of evolution

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

A particularly critical event in avian evolution was the transition from long- to short-tailed birds. Primitive bird tails underwent significant alteration, most notably reduction of the number of caudal vertebrae and fusion of the distal caudal vertebrae into an ossified pygostyle. These changes, among others, occurred over a very short evolutionary interval, which brings into focus the underlying mechanisms behind those changes. Despite the wealth of studies delving into avian evolution, virtually nothing is understood about the genetic and developmental events responsible for the emergence of short, fused tails. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the signaling pathways and morphological events that contribute to tail extension and termination and examine how mutations affecting the genes that control these pathways might influence the evolution of the avian tail. To generate a list of candidate genes that may have been modulated in the transition to short-tailed birds, we analyzed a comprehensive set of mouse mutants. Interestingly, a prevalent pleiotropic effect of mutations that cause fused caudal vertebral bodies (as in the pygostyles of birds) is tail truncation. We identified 23 mutations in this class, and these were primarily restricted to genes involved in axial extension. At least half of the mutations that cause short, fused tails lie in the Notch/Wnt pathway of somite boundary formation or differentiation, leading to changes in somite number or size. Several of the mutations also cause additional bone fusions in the trunk skeleton, reminiscent of those observed in primitive and modern birds. All of our findings were correlated to the fossil record. An open question is whether the relatively sudden appearance of short-tailed birds in the fossil record could be accounted for, at least in part, by the pleiotropic effects generated by a relatively small number of mutational events. PMID:25621146

Mastication and the Postorbital Ligament: Dynamic Strain in Soft Tissues

PubMed Central

Herring, Susan W.; Rafferty, Katherine L.; Liu, Zi Jun; Lemme, Michael

2011-01-01

Although the FEED database focuses on muscle activity patterns, it is equally suitable for other physiological recording and especially for synthesizing different types of information. The present contribution addresses the interaction between muscle activity and ligamentary stretch during mastication. The postorbital ligament is the thickened edge of a septum dividing the orbital contents from the temporal fossa and is continuous with the temporal fascia. As a tensile element, this fascial complex could support the zygomatic arch against the pull of the masseter muscle. An ossified postorbital bar has evolved repeatedly in mammals, enabling resistance to compression and shear in addition to tension. Although such ossification clearly reinforces the skull against muscle pull, the most accepted explanation is that it helps isolate the orbital contents from contractions of the temporalis muscle. However, it has never been demonstrated that the contraction of jaw muscles deforms the unossified ligament. We examined linear deformation of the postorbital ligament in minipigs, Sus scrofa, along with electromyography of the jaw muscles and an assessment of changes in pressure and shape in the temporalis. During chewing, the ligament elongated (average 0.9%, maximum 2.8%) in synchrony with the contraction of the elevator muscles of the jaw. Although the temporalis bulged outward and created substantial pressure against the braincase, the superficial fibers usually retracted caudally, away from the postorbital ligament. In anesthetized animals, stimulating either the temporalis or the masseter muscle in isolation usually elongated the ligament (average 0.4–0.7%). These results confirm that contraction of the masticatory muscles can potentially distort the orbital contents and further suggest that the postorbital ligament does function as a tension member resisting the pull of the masseter on the zygomatic arch. PMID:21593142

From Clinging to Digging: The Postembryonic Skeletal Ontogeny of the Indian Purple Frog, Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis (Anura: Nasikabatrachidae)

PubMed Central

Senevirathne, Gayani; Thomas, Ashish; Kerney, Ryan; Hanken, James; Biju, S. D.; Meegaskumbura, Madhava

2016-01-01

The Indian Purple frog, Nasikabatrachus sahyadrensis, occupies a basal phylogenetic position among neobatrachian anurans and has a very unusual life history. Tadpoles have a large ventral oral sucker, which they use to cling to rocks in torrents, whereas metamorphs possess adaptations for life underground. The developmental changes that underlie these shifts in habits and habitats, and especially the internal remodeling of the cranial and postcranial skeleton, are unknown. Using a nearly complete metamorphic series from free-living larva to metamorph, we describe the postembryonic skeletal ontogeny of this ancient and unique monotypic lineage. The torrent-dwelling larva possesses a dorsoventrally flattened body and a head with tiny dorsal eyes, robust lower and upper jaw cartilages, well-developed trabecular horns, and a definable gap between the trabecular horns and the tip of the snout. Unlike tadpoles of many other frogs, those of Nasikabatrachus retain larval mouthparts into late metamorphic stages. This unusual feature enables the larvae to maintain their clinging habit until near the end of metamorphosis. The subsequent ontogenetic shift from clinging to digging is correlated with rapid morphological changes and behavioral modifications. Metamorphs are equipped with a shortened tibiafibula and ossified prehallical elements, which likely facilitate initial digging using the hind limbs. Subsequently, the frogs may shift to headfirst burrowing by using the wedge-shaped skull, anteriorly positioned pectoral girdle, well-developed humeral crests and spatula-shaped forelimbs. The transition from an aquatic life in torrents to a terrestrial life underground entails dramatic changes in skeletal morphology and function that represent an extreme in metamorphic remodeling. Our analysis enhances the scope for detailed comparative studies across anurans, a group renowned for the diversity of its life history strategies. PMID:27028113

Evidence for convergent evolution of a neocortex-like structure in a late Permian therapsid.

PubMed

Laaß, Michael; Kaestner, Anders

2017-08-01

The special sensory, motor, and cognitive capabilities of mammals mainly depend upon the neocortex, which is the six-layered cover of the mammalian forebrain. The origin of the neocortex is still controversial and the current view is that larger brains with neocortex first evolved in late Triassic Mammaliaformes. Here, we report the earliest evidence of a structure analogous to the mammalian neocortex in a forerunner of mammals, the fossorial anomodont Kawingasaurus fossilis from the late Permian of Tanzania. The endocranial cavity of Kawingasaurus is almost completely ossified, which allowed a less hypothetical virtual reconstruction of the brain endocast to be generated. A parietal foramen is absent. A small pit between the cerebral hemispheres is interpreted as a pineal body. The inflated cerebral hemispheres are demarcated from each other by a median sulcus and by a possible rhinal fissure from the rest of the endocast. The encephalization quotient estimated by using the method of Eisenberg is 0.52, which is 2-3 times larger than in other nonmammalian synapsids. Another remarkable feature are the extremely ramified infraorbital canals in the snout. The shape of the brain endocast, the extremely ramified maxillary canals as well as the small frontally placed eyes suggest that special sensory adaptations to the subterranean habitat such as a well developed sense of touch and binocular vision may have driven the parallel evolution of an equivalent of the mammalian neocortex and a mammal-like lemnothalamic visual system in Kawingasaurus. The gross anatomy of the brain endocast of Kawingasaurus supports the Outgroup Hypothesis, according to which the neocortex evolved from the dorsal pallium of an amphibian-like ancestor, which receives sensory projections from the lemnothalamic pathway. The enlarged brain as well as the absence of a parietal foramen may be an indication for a higher metabolic rate of Kawingasaurus compared to other nonmammalian synapsids. © 2017

Aneuploidy in benign tumors and nonneoplastic lesions of musculoskeletal tissues.

PubMed

Alho, A; Skjeldal, S; Pettersen, E O; Melvik, J E; Larsen, T E

1994-02-15

Aneuploidy in DNA flow cytometry (FCM) of musculoskeletal tumors is generally considered to be a sign of malignancy. Previously, giant cell tumor of the bone has been reported to contain aneuploid (near-diploid) DNA stemlines. Otherwise, only spordic cases have been reported. The authors wanted to study the relationships among DNA FCM, histology, and clinical course of nonmalignant musculoskeletal lesions. Twenty-eight histologically benign tumors and seven nonneoplastic lesions were subjected to DNA FCM: After tissue preparation mechanically and with ribonuclease and trypsin, the isolated nuclei were stained with propidium iodine using chicken and rainbow trout erythrocytes as controls. In the DNA FCM histograms, ploidy and cell cycle fractions were determined using a computerized mathematical model. The histologic diagnoses were made without knowledge of the DNA FCM results. Aneuploidy was found in eight lesions. A shoulder in the diploid peak, suggesting a diploid and a near-diploid population, was found in DNA histograms of a condensing osteitis of the clavicle (a benign inflammatory process) and of a giant cell tumor of bone. The latter lesion also had a tetraploid population. Six benign tumors--two enchondromas, one osteochondroma, one subcutaneous and one intramuscular lipoma, and a calcifying aponeurotic fibroma--showed clear aneuploidy with separate peaks. The S-phase fraction was less than 10% in all cases. The highest aneuploid population, DNA index = 1.70, in a subcutaneous lipoma, was small, with an undetectable S phase. Despite nonradical operations in seven lesions, no recurrences were observed during a median follow-up of 49 months (range, 28-73 months). Small aneuploid populations with low DNA synthetic activity may be compatible with a benign histologic picture and uneventful clinical course of the musculoskeletal lesion.

Myxoma Virus and the Leporipoxviruses: An Evolutionary Paradigm

PubMed Central

Kerr, Peter J.; Liu, June; Cattadori, Isabella; Ghedin, Elodie; Read, Andrew F.; Holmes, Edward C.

2015-01-01

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is the type species of the Leporipoxviruses, a genus of Chordopoxvirinae, double stranded DNA viruses, whose members infect leporids and squirrels, inducing cutaneous fibromas from which virus is mechanically transmitted by biting arthropods. However, in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), MYXV causes the lethal disease myxomatosis. The release of MYXV as a biological control for the wild European rabbit population in Australia, initiated one of the great experiments in evolution. The subsequent coevolution of MYXV and rabbits is a classic example of natural selection acting on virulence as a pathogen adapts to a novel host species. Slightly attenuated mutants of the progenitor virus were more readily transmitted by the mosquito vector because the infected rabbit survived longer, while highly attenuated viruses could be controlled by the rabbit immune response. As a consequence, moderately attenuated viruses came to dominate. This evolution of the virus was accompanied by selection for genetic resistance in the wild rabbit population, which may have created an ongoing co-evolutionary dynamic between resistance and virulence for efficient transmission. This natural experiment was repeated on a continental scale with the release of a separate strain of MYXV in France and its subsequent spread throughout Europe. The selection of attenuated strains of virus and resistant rabbits mirrored the experience in Australia in a very different environment, albeit with somewhat different rates. Genome sequencing of the progenitor virus and the early radiation, as well as those from the 1990s in Australia and Europe, has shown that although MYXV evolved at high rates there was no conserved route to attenuation or back to virulence. In contrast, it seems that these relatively large viral genomes have the flexibility for multiple pathways that converge on a similar phenotype. PMID:25757062

Clinical manifestations in 105 persons with nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kimonis, V.E.; Yang, M.L.; Bale, S.J.

1997-03-31

Nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCC; Gorlin syndrome), an autosomal dominant disorder linked to 9q22.3-q31, and caused by mutations in PTC, the human homologue of the Drosophila patched gene, comprises multiple basal cell carcinomas, keratocysts of the jaw, palmar/plantar pits, spine and rib anomalies and calcification of the falx cerebri. We reviewed the findings on 105 affected individuals examined at the NIH since 1985. The data included 48 males and 57 females ranging in age from 4 months to 87 years. Eighty percent of whites (71/90) and 38% (5/13) of African-Americans had at least one basal cell carcinoma (BCC), withmore » the first tumor occurring at a mean age of 23 (median 20) years and 21 (median 20) years, respectively. Excluding individuals exposed to radiation therapy, the number of BCCs ranged from 1 to >1,000 (median 8) and 1 to 3 (median 2), respectively, in the 2 groups. Jaw cysts occurred in 78/105 (74%) with the first tumor occurring in 80% by the age of 20 years. The number of total jaw cysts ranged from 1 to 28 (median 3). Palmar pits and plantar pits were seen in 87%. Ovarian fibromas were diagnosed by ultrasound in 9/52 (17%) at a mean age of 30 years. Medulloblastoma occurred in 4 patients at a mean age of 2.3 years. Three patients had cleft lip or palate. Physical findings include {open_quotes}coarse face{close_quotes} in 54%, relative macrocephaly in 50%, hypertelorism in 42%, frontal bossing in 27%, pectus deformity in 13%, and Sprengel deformity in 11%. This study delineates the frequency of the clinical and radiological anomalies in NBCC in a large population of US patients and discusses guidelines for diagnosis and management. 48 refs., 3 figs., 5 tabs.« less

Retrospective pathology survey of green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis in the Hawaiian Islands, 1993-2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Work, Thierry M.; Balazs, George H.; Rameyer, Robert; Morris, R.A.

2004-01-01

We necropsied 255 stranded green turtles Chelonia mydas with fibropapillomatosis (FP) from the Hawaiian Islands, North Pacific, from August 1993 through May 2003. Of these, 214 (84%) were euthanized due to advanced FP and the remainder were found dead in fresh condition. Turtles were assigned a standardized tumor severity score ranging from 1 (lightly tumored) to 3 (heavily tumored). Tumors were counted and measured and categorized as external, oral, or internal and tissues evaluated by light microscopy. Turtles in tumor score 2 and 3 categories predominated, and tumor score 3 turtles were significantly larger than the other 2 categories. More juveniles stranded than subadults or adults. Total cross-sectional area of tumors increased significantly with straight carapace length (SCL). Frequency distribution of total number of external tumors per turtle was significantly skewed to the right, and there were significantly more tumors at the front than rear of turtles. Eighty percent of turtles had oral tumors, and 51% of turtles with oral tumors had tumors in the glottis. Thirty-nine percent of turtles had internal tumors, most of them in the lung, kidney and heart. Fibromas predominated in lung, kidney and musculoskeletal system whereas myxofibromas were more common in intestines and spleen. Fibrosarcomas of low-grade malignancy were most frequent in the heart, and heart tumors had a predilection for the right atrium. Turtles with FP had significant additional complications including inflammation with vascular flukes, bacterial infections, poor body condition, and necrosis of salt gland. Turtles with oral tumors were more likely to have secondary complications such as pneumonia. Most turtles came from the island of Oahu (74%) followed by Maui (20%), Hawaii, Molokai, and Lanai (<3% each). On Oahu, significantly more turtles we necropsied stranded along the northwestern and northeastern shores.

Occurrence of atypical myxomatosis in Central Europe: clinical and virological examinations.

PubMed

Farsang, A; Makranszki, L; Dobos-Kovács, M; Virág, Györgyi; Fábián, Katalin; Barna, Tímea; Kulcsár, G; Kucsera, L; Vetési, F

2003-01-01

An outbreak of the atypical form of myxomatosis struck a rabbit farm in Hungary. The animals had previously been vaccinated with a vaccine containing Shope rabbit fibroma virus strain. The disease appeared in winter when the presence of mosquitoes and fleas is not common. The virus was isolated from an eyelid specimen of a naturally infected rabbit. The surviving animals were observed for four weeks, blood samples were collected and, after euthanasia, organ specimens were also examined by morphological methods including pathology and electron microscopy. Serum samples were examined by virus neutralisation for antibodies. Genetic analysis of the isolated virus was carried out by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and direct sequencing. The primers were designed on the basis of the major envelope gene (Env) of the Lausanne reference strain in the GenBank. The viral proteins were examined by SDS-PAGE. The isolated virus (ref. no.: BP04/2001) was able to infect the susceptible animals directly, by contact. The disease was characterised by respiratory symptoms of the upper tracheal tract, conjunctivitis and high mortality by the 11th-14th day. Aerogenic infection with strain BP04/2001 resulted in 100% morbidity among the susceptible animals. Sequencing of the amplified 400-bp-long DNA revealed 97% homology with the Env gene of the Lausanne strain, which proves that strain BP04/2001 is a variant of the Lausanne strain having been enzootic throughout Europe. The live vaccine strain used in Hungary against myxomatosis, which is also a Lausanne-derived strain, protected the animals. According to the protein analysis a protein of 200 kDa in size is not expressed in strain BP04/2001. This is the first report on atypical myxomatosis in Central Europe. The virus spreads by airborne transmission and may cause severe losses in the rabbit population.

Myxoma virus and the Leporipoxviruses: an evolutionary paradigm.

PubMed

Kerr, Peter J; Liu, June; Cattadori, Isabella; Ghedin, Elodie; Read, Andrew F; Holmes, Edward C

2015-03-06

Myxoma virus (MYXV) is the type species of the Leporipoxviruses, a genus of Chordopoxvirinae, double stranded DNA viruses, whose members infect leporids and squirrels, inducing cutaneous fibromas from which virus is mechanically transmitted by biting arthropods. However, in the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus), MYXV causes the lethal disease myxomatosis. The release of MYXV as a biological control for the wild European rabbit population in Australia, initiated one of the great experiments in evolution. The subsequent coevolution of MYXV and rabbits is a classic example of natural selection acting on virulence as a pathogen adapts to a novel host species. Slightly attenuated mutants of the progenitor virus were more readily transmitted by the mosquito vector because the infected rabbit survived longer, while highly attenuated viruses could be controlled by the rabbit immune response. As a consequence, moderately attenuated viruses came to dominate. This evolution of the virus was accompanied by selection for genetic resistance in the wild rabbit population, which may have created an ongoing co-evolutionary dynamic between resistance and virulence for efficient transmission. This natural experiment was repeated on a continental scale with the release of a separate strain of MYXV in France and its subsequent spread throughout Europe. The selection of attenuated strains of virus and resistant rabbits mirrored the experience in Australia in a very different environment, albeit with somewhat different rates. Genome sequencing of the progenitor virus and the early radiation, as well as those from the 1990s in Australia and Europe, has shown that although MYXV evolved at high rates there was no conserved route to attenuation or back to virulence. In contrast, it seems that these relatively large viral genomes have the flexibility for multiple pathways that converge on a similar phenotype.

New Developmental Evidence Clarifies the Evolution of Wrist Bones in the Dinosaur–Bird Transition

PubMed Central

Botelho, João Francisco; Ossa-Fuentes, Luis; Soto-Acuña, Sergio; Smith-Paredes, Daniel; Nuñez-León, Daniel; Salinas-Saavedra, Miguel; Ruiz-Flores, Macarena; Vargas, Alexander O.

2014-01-01

From early dinosaurs with as many as nine wrist bones, modern birds evolved to develop only four ossifications. Their identity is uncertain, with different labels used in palaeontology and developmental biology. We examined embryos of several species and studied chicken embryos in detail through a new technique allowing whole-mount immunofluorescence of the embryonic cartilaginous skeleton. Beyond previous controversy, we establish that the proximal–anterior ossification develops from a composite radiale+intermedium cartilage, consistent with fusion of radiale and intermedium observed in some theropod dinosaurs. Despite previous claims that the development of the distal–anterior ossification does not support the dinosaur–bird link, we found its embryonic precursor shows two distinct regions of both collagen type II and collagen type IX expression, resembling the composite semilunate bone of bird-like dinosaurs (distal carpal 1+distal carpal 2). The distal–posterior ossification develops from a cartilage referred to as “element x,” but its position corresponds to distal carpal 3. The proximal–posterior ossification is perhaps most controversial: It is labelled as the ulnare in palaeontology, but we confirm the embryonic ulnare is lost during development. Re-examination of the fossil evidence reveals the ulnare was actually absent in bird-like dinosaurs. We confirm the proximal–posterior bone is a pisiform in terms of embryonic position and its development as a sesamoid associated to a tendon. However, the pisiform is absent in bird-like dinosaurs, which are known from several articulated specimens. The combined data provide compelling evidence of a remarkable evolutionary reversal: A large, ossified pisiform re-evolved in the lineage leading to birds, after a period in which it was either absent, nonossified, or very small, consistently escaping fossil preservation. The bird wrist provides a modern example of how developmental and paleontological

Embryonic development of Python sebae - II: Craniofacial microscopic anatomy, cell proliferation and apoptosis.

PubMed

Buchtová, Marcela; Boughner, Julia C; Fu, Katherine; Diewert, Virginia M; Richman, Joy M

2007-01-01

This study explores the microscopic craniofacial morphogenesis of the oviparous African rock python (Python sebae) spanning the first two-thirds of the post-oviposition period. At the time of laying, the python embryo consists of largely undifferentiated mesenchyme and epithelium with the exception of the cranial base and trabeculae cranii, which are undergoing chondrogenesis. The facial prominences are well defined and are at a late stage, close to the time when lip fusion begins. Later (11-12d), specializations in the epithelia begin to differentiate (vomeronasal and olfactory epithelia, teeth). Dental development in snakes is different from that of mammals in several aspects including an extended dental lamina with the capacity to form 4 sets of generational teeth. In addition, the ophidian olfactory system is very different from the mammalian. There is a large vomeronasal organ, a nasal cavity proper and an extraconchal space. All of these areas are lined with a greatly expanded olfactory epithelium. Intramembranous bone differentiation is taking place at stage 3 with some bones already ossifying whereas most are only represented as mesenchymal condensations. In addition to routine histological staining, PCNA immunohistochemistry reveals relatively higher levels of proliferation in the extending dental laminae, in osseous mesenchymal condensations and in the olfactory epithelia. Areas undergoing apoptosis were noted in the enamel organs of the teeth and osseous mesenchymal condensations. We propose that localized apoptosis helps to divide a single condensation into multiple ossification centres and this is a mechanism whereby novel morphology can be selected in response to evolutionary pressures. Several additional differences in head morphology between snakes and other amniotes were noted including a palatal groove separating the inner and outer row of teeth in the upper jaw, a tracheal opening within the tongue and a pharyngeal adhesion that closes off the

Anterior cervical corpectomy: review and comparison of results using titanium mesh cages and carbon fibre reinforced polymer cages.

PubMed

Kabir, Syed M R; Alabi, J; Rezajooi, Kia; Casey, Adrian T H

2010-10-01

Different types of cages have recently become available for reconstruction following anterior cervical corpectomy. We review the results using titanium mesh cages (TMC) and stackable CFRP (carbon fibre reinforced polymer) cages. Forty-two patients who underwent anterior cervical corpectomy between November 2001 and September 2008 were retrospectively reviewed. Pathologies included cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM), cervical radiculopathy, OPLL (ossified posterior longitudinal ligament), metastasis/primary bone tumour, rheumatoid arthritis and deformity correction. All patients were evaluated clinically and radiologically. Outcome was assessed on the basis of the Odom's criteria, neck disability index (NDI) and myelopathy disability index (MDI). Mean age was 60 years and mean follow-up was 1½ years. Majority of the patients had single-level corpectomy. Twenty-three patients had TMC cages while 19 patients had CFRP cages. The mean subsidence noted with TMC cage was 1.91 mm, while with the stackable CFRP cage it was 0.5 mm. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05). However, there was no statistically significant correlation noted between subsidence and clinical outcome (p > 0.05) or between subsidence and post-operative sagittal alignment (p > 0.05) in either of the groups. Three patients had significant subsidence (> 3 mm), one of whom was symptomatic. There were no hardware-related complications. On the basis of the Odom's criterion, 9 patients (21.4%) had an excellent outcome, 14 patients (33.3%) had a good outcome, 9 patients (21.4%) had a fair outcome and 5 patients (11.9%) had a poor outcome, i.e. symptoms and signs unchanged or exacerbated. Mean post-operative NDI was 26.27% and mean post-operative MDI was 19.31%. Fusion was noted in all 42 cases. Both TMC and stackable CFRP cages provide solid anterior column reconstruction with good outcome following anterior cervical corpectomy. However, more subsidence is noted with TMC cages though

Life history reconstruction of modern and fossil sockeye salmon ( Oncorhynchus nerka) by oxygen isotopic analysis of otoliths, vertebrae, and teeth: Implication for paleoenvironmental reconstructions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zazzo, A.; Smith, G. R.; Patterson, W. P.; Dufour, E.

2006-09-01

We evaluate the use of oxygen isotope values of biogenic apatite for tracking freshwater to marine migration in modern and fossil Pacific sockeye salmon. Oxygen isotope analyses of otoliths, vertebrae, and teeth of three anadromous modern sockeye salmon from Alaska establish a basis for the interpretation of fossil vertebrae and tooth apatite from Pleistocene sockeye salmon of the Skokomish River Valley, Washington. High resolution δ18O profiles in salmon otoliths provide, at a monthly resolution, a detailed record of individual history including continental rearing, migration to sea, seasonal variation in sea surface temperatures during marine life, and spawning migration before capture. Pacific salmon teeth are constantly renewed with the last set of teeth forming under the influence of freshwater. Therefore, they do not allow inference concerning sea-run versus landlocked life history in fossil salmon. Salmon vertebrae are also ambiguous indicators of life history regarding fresh versus marine water because centra are minimally ossified in the freshwater stages of life and the outermost layer of vertebral bone might be resorbed to provide nutrients during the non-feeding phase of the spawning migration. Therefore, δ18O values of accretionary growth rings in sea-run salmon vertebrae are dominated by the marine signal only if they are not diagenetically altered in freshwater deposits. In Pleistocene sockeye reported here, neither the teeth nor vertebral apatite present clear marine δ18O values due to the combined effects of tooth replacement and diagenetic alteration of bone and dentine. δ18O(PO 4) values of fossil vertebrae are intermediate between δ18O(PO 4) values of enamel and basal tooth dentin. Assuming a similar rate of isotope exchange of vertebrae and dentine with freshwater during diagenesis, these results are interpreted to reflect formation of the teeth under the influence of freshwater, and formation of the vertebrae under the influence of

Serum biomarkers in patients with ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL): Inflammation in OPLL.

PubMed

Kawaguchi, Yoshiharu; Nakano, Masato; Yasuda, Taketoshi; Seki, Shoji; Suzuki, Kayo; Yahara, Yasuhito; Makino, Hiroto; Kitajima, Isao; Kimura, Tomoatsu

2017-01-01

Ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) is characterized by replacement of ligamentous tissue by ectopic new bone formation. OPLL causes narrowing of the spinal canal, resulting in neurological impairment. However, the pathogenesis of OPLL has not been fully elucidated. We investigated whether inflammation occurs in OPLL or not using high-sensitivity CRP (hs-CRP) in a case-control study. This study included 103 patients with OPLL in the patient group and 95 age- and sex-matched volunteers with degenerative spinal disease in the control group. Of the 103 OPLL patients, 88 patients who were available for more than 2 years follow-up were checked for OPLL progression. A blood sample was obtained and Hs-CRP, and other routine data, including total protein (TP), albumin (ALB), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose (Glu), calcium (Ca), inorganic phosphate (Pi), white blood cell count (WBC), hemoglobin (Hb) and platelet (PLT), were analyzed. The data were compared between the patients with OPLL and the controls. The severity of the ossified lesions in the whole spine were evaluated by the ossification index (OS index) in patients with OPLL. The data were also compared between the patients with OPLL progression (the progression group) and the patients without OPLL progression (the non-progression group). In the results, the mean hs-CRP in the OPLL group was higher than that in the controls. The Pi in the OPLL group was lower than that in the control group. A negative correlation was found between the Pi and the OS index. The mean hs-CRP in the progression group was higher than that in the non-progression group. There was a positive correlation between the average length of the OPLL progression per year and the hs-CRP. The results may suggest the occurrence of local inflammation in OPLL and the inflammation might cause OPLL progression. These facts are important for understanding the pathology of OPLL.

Rhinosurgery in children: developmental and surgical aspects of the growing nose

PubMed Central

Verwoerd, Carel D. A.; Verwoerd-Verhoef, Henriette L.

2011-01-01

The anatomy of the nasal skeleton in newborns and adults are not alike. The complete cartilaginous framework of the neonatal nose becomes partly and gradually ossified during the years of growth and is more vulnerable to trauma in that period. Injury in early youth may have large consequences for development and may result in a nasal deformity which will increase during growth and reach its peak during and after the adolescent growth spurt. To understand more of the underlying problems of nasal malformations and their surgical treatment (septorhinoplasty) these items became the focus of multiple animal studies in the last 40 years. The effects of surgery on the nasal septum varied considerably, seemingly depending on which experimental animal was used. In review, however, the very different techniques of the experimental surgery might be even more influential in this respect. Study of one of the larger series of experiments in young rabbits comprised skeletal measurements with statistical analysis, and microscopic observations of the tissues. The behaviour of hyaline cartilage of the human nose appeared to be comparable to that of other mammals. Cartilage, although resilient, can be easily fractured whereas its tendency to integrated healing is very low, even when the perichondrium has been saved. Also surgical procedures – like in septoplasty – may result in growth disturbances of the nasal skeleton like recurrent deviations or duplicature. Loss of cartilage, as might occur after a septum abscess, is never completely restored despite some cartilage regeneration. In this article experimental studies are reviewed and compared. Still there remains a lack of consensus in the literature concerning the developmental effects of rhinosurgry in children. Based on their observations in animals and a few clinical studies, mostly with small numbers of patients but with a long follow-up, the authors have compiled a list of guidelines to be considered before starting to

Estimation of total Length of Femur From Its Fragments in South Indian Population.

PubMed

Solan, Shweta; Kulkarni, Roopa

2013-10-01

Establishment of identity of deceased person also assumes a great medicolegal importance. To establish the identity of a person, stature is one of the criteria. To know stature of individual, length of long bones is needed. To determine the lengths of the femoral fragments and to compare with the total length of femur in south Indian population, which will help to estimate the stature of the individual using standard regression formulae. A number of 150, 72 left and 78 right adult fully ossified dry processed femora were taken. The femur bone was divided into five segments by taking predetermined points. Length of five segments and maximum length of femur were measured to the nearest millimeter. The values were obtained in cm [mean±S.D.] and the mean total length of femora on left and right side was measured. The proportion of segments to the total length was also calculated which will help for the stature estimation using standard regression formulae. The mean total length of femora on left side was 43.54 ± 2.7 and on right side it was 43.42 ± 2.4. The measurements of the segments-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 8.06± 0.71, 8.25± 1.24, 10.35 ± 2.21, 13.94 ± 1.93 and 2.77 ± 0.53 on left side and 8.09 ± 0.70, 8.30 ± 1.34, 10.44 ± 1.91, 13.50 ± 1.54 and 3.09 ± 0.41 on right side of femur. The sample size was 150, 72 left and 78 right and 'p' value of all the segments was significant (‹0.001). When comparison was made between segments of right and left femora, the 'p' value of segment-5 was found to be ‹0.001. Comparison between different segments of femur showed significance in all the segments.

Estimation of total Length of Femur From Its Fragments in South Indian Population

PubMed Central

Solan, Shweta; Kulkarni, Roopa

2013-01-01

Introduction: Establishment of identity of deceased person also assumes a great medicolegal importance. To establish the identity of a person, stature is one of the criteria. To know stature of individual, length of long bones is needed. Aims and Objectives: To determine the lengths of the femoral fragments and to compare with the total length of femur in south Indian population, which will help to estimate the stature of the individual using standard regression formulae. Material and Methods: A number of 150, 72 left and 78 right adult fully ossified dry processed femora were taken. The femur bone was divided into five segments by taking predetermined points. Length of five segments and maximum length of femur were measured to the nearest millimeter. The values were obtained in cm [mean±S.D.] and the mean total length of femora on left and right side was measured. The proportion of segments to the total length was also calculated which will help for the stature estimation using standard regression formulae. Results: The mean total length of femora on left side was 43.54 ± 2.7 and on right side it was 43.42 ± 2.4. The measurements of the segments-1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 were 8.06± 0.71, 8.25± 1.24, 10.35 ± 2.21, 13.94 ± 1.93 and 2.77 ± 0.53 on left side and 8.09 ± 0.70, 8.30 ± 1.34, 10.44 ± 1.91, 13.50 ± 1.54 and 3.09 ± 0.41 on right side of femur. Conclusion: The sample size was 150, 72 left and 78 right and ‘p’ value of all the segments was significant (‹0.001). When comparison was made between segments of right and left femora, the ‘p’ value of segment-5 was found to be ‹0.001. Comparison between different segments of femur showed significance in all the segments. PMID:24298451

A New Basal Caniform (Mammalia: Carnivora) from the Middle Eocene of North America and Remarks on the Phylogeny of Early Carnivorans

PubMed Central

Tomiya, Susumu

2011-01-01

Background Despite a long history of research, the phylogenetic origin and initial diversification of the mammalian crown-group Carnivora remain elusive. Well-preserved fossil materials of basal carnivorans are essential for resolving these issues, and for constraining the timing of the carnivoran origin, which constitutes an important time-calibration point in mammalian phylogenetics. Methodology/Principal Findings A new carnivoramorphan from the middle Eocene of southern California, Lycophocyon hutchisoni, is described. The new taxon exhibits stages of dental and basicranial evolution that are intermediate between earlier carnivoramorphans and the earliest representatives of canoid carnivorans. The evolutionary affinity of the new taxon was determined by a cladistic analysis of previously-published and newly-acquired morphological data for 30 Paleogene carnivoramorphans. The most-parsimonious trees identified L. hutchisoni as a basal caniform carnivoran, and placed (1) Tapocyon robustus, Quercygale angustidens, “Miacis” sylvestris, “M.” uintensis, and “M.” gracilis inside or outside the Carnivora, (2) nimravids within the Feliformia, and (3) the amphicyonid Daphoenus outside the crown-group Canoidea. Parsimony reconstructions of ancestral character states suggest that loss of the upper third molars and development of well-ossified entotympanics that are firmly fused to the basicranium (neither condition is observed in L. hutchisoni) are not associated with the origin of the Carnivora as traditionally thought, but instead occurred independently in the Caniformia and the Feliformia. A discriminant analysis of the estimated body weight and dental ecomorphology predicted a mesocarnivorous diet for L. hutchisoni, and the postcranial morphology suggests a scansorial habit. Conclusions/Significance Lycophocyon hutchisoni illuminates the morphological evolution of early caniforms leading to the origin of crown-group canoids. Considerable uncertainty remains

Radiologic evaluation after posterior instrumented surgery for thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament: union between rostral and caudal ossifications.

PubMed

Ando, Kei; Imagama, Shiro; Ito, Zenya; Kobayashi, Kazuyoshi; Ukai, Junichi; Muramoto, Akio; Shinjo, Ryuichi; Matsumoto, Tomohiro; Nakashima, Hiroaki; Ishiguro, Naoki

2014-05-01

Retrospective clinical study. To investigate, using multislice CT images, how thoracic ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament (OPLL) changes with time after thoracic posterior fusion surgery. Few studies have evaluated thoracic OPLL preoperatively and post using computed tomography (CT). The subjects included 19 patients (7 men and 12 women) with an average age at surgery of 52 years (38-66 y) who underwent indirect posterior decompression with corrective fusion and instrumentation at our institute. Minimum follow-up period was 1 year, and averaged 3 years 10 months (12-120 mo). Using CT images, we investigated fusion range, preoperative and postoperative Cobb angles of thoracic fusion levels, intraoperative and postoperative blood loss, operative time, hyperintense areas on preoperative MRI of thoracic spine and thickness of the OPLL on the reconstructed sagittal, multislice CT images taken before the operation and at 3 months, 6 months and 1 year after surgery. The basic fusion area was 3 vertebrae above and below the OPLL lesion. The mean operative time was 7 hours and 48 min (4 h 39 min-10 h 28 min), and blood loss was 1631 mL (160-11,731 mL). Intramedullary signal intensity change on magnetic resonance images was observed at the most severe ossification area in 18 patients. Interestingly, the rostral and caudal ossification regions of the OPLLs, as seen on sagittal CT images, were discontinuous across the disk space in all patients. Postoperatively, the discontinuous segments connected in all patients without progression of OPLL thickness by 5.1 months on average. All patients needing surgery had discontinuity across the disk space between the rostral and caudal ossified lesions as seen on CT. This discontinuity was considered to be the main reason for the myelopathy because a high-intensity area on magnetic resonance imaging was seen in 18 of 19 patients at the same level. Rigid fixation with instrumentation may allow the discontinuous segments

Differentiation of chondrocytes and scleroblasts during dorsal fin skeletogenesis in flounder larvae.

PubMed

Suzuki, Tohru; Haga, Yutaka; Takeuchi, Toshio; Uji, Susumu; Hashimoto, Hisashi; Kurokawa, Tadahide

2003-01-01

In teleosts, the embryonic fin fold consists of a peridermis, an underlying epidermis and a small number of mesenchymal cells. Beginning from such a simple structure, the fin skeletons, including the proximal and distal radials and lepidotrichia (finrays), develop in the dorsal fin fold at the larval stage. Their process of skeletogenesis and embryonic origin are unclear. Using flounder larvae, we report the differentiation process for chondrocytes and scleroblasts prior to fin skeletogenesis and the effects of retinoic acid (RA) on it. In early larvae, the mesenchymal cells grow between the epidermis and spinal cord to form a line of periodical condensations, which are proximal radial primordia, to produce chondrocytes. The prescleroblasts, which ossify the proximal radial cartilages, differentiate in the mesenchymal cells remaining between the cartilages. Then, mesenchymal condensations occur between the distal ends of the proximal radials, forming distal radial primordia, to produce chondrocytes. Simultaneously, condensations occur between the distal radial primordia and peridermis, which are lepidotrichia primordia, to produce prescleroblasts. Exogenous RA specifically inhibits the mesenchymal condensation prior to the proximal radial formation together with the down-regulation of sonic hedgehog (shh) and patched (pta) expression, resulting in the loss of proximal radials. Thus, it was indicated that differentiation of the precursor cells of radials and lepidotrichia begins in the proximal part of the fin fold and that the initial mesenchymal condensation prior to the proximal radial formation is highly susceptible to the effects of RA. Lepidotrichia formation does not occur where proximal radials are absent, indicating that lepidotrichia differentiation requires interaction with the radial cartilages. To examine the suggestion that neural crest cells contribute to the medial fin skeletons, we localized the HNK-1 positive cells in flounder embryos and slug and

[Advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate for the treatment of middle and distal tibia nonunion].

PubMed

Zhao, Xue; Wang, Pan-feng; Zhang, Yun-tong; Zhang, Chun-cai; Xu, Shuo-gui; Zhang, Xin

2014-12-01

To explore methods of treating middle and distal tibia nonunion with the treatment of advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. From January 2011 to December 2012, 12 patients with middle and distal tibia nonunion were treated with advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate. Among patients, there were 8 males and 4 females aged from 20 to 69 with an average of 47 years old. The time from first injuries to bone nonunion was from 9 months to 5 years, avergaed 19 months. Four cases were treated with external fixation, 6 cases were treated with plate fixation, 2 cases of 12 patients occurred broken of plate and nail. Eleven patients were non-infective bone nonunion and 1 patient was infective bone nonunion. Preoperative X-ray and CT showed all patients had sequestration and formation of ossified bone with different degrees. Operative time, blood loss, wound healing were observed, fracture healing time was evaluated by postoperative X-ray. Johner-Wruhs scoring standards was used to evaluate ankle joint function after operation at 10 months. Operative time ranged from 90 to 185 min with an average of (125.00±20.15) min; blood loss ranged from 225 to 750 ml with an average of (415.00±120.00) ml. All patients were followed up from 10 months to 2.5 years with an average of 1.5 years. Postoperative X-ray showed bone union was formed around fracture after operation at 4 months in all patients, 3 cases obtained bone healing within 6 months after operation, 9 cases obtained from 8 to 12 months. No infection, injury of nerve and vessles, and broken of plate and nail were ocurred. According to Johner-Wruhs scoring at 10 months after operation, 10 cases obtained excellent results, 1 good and 1 moderate. Advanced bone graft combined with locking compression plate, which can build fracture multi-point supporting based on full compression of bone nonunion to get effective fixation, is an effective method in treating middle and distal tibia

Boycott threat forces French company to abandon RU486.

PubMed

Dorozynski, A

1997-04-19

Threatened boycotts by American anti-abortion groups have forced the French pharmaceutical company Roussel-Uclaf, a subsidiary of the German company Hoechst, to stop production and distribution of mifepristone (RU-486), which the protesters call "the abortion pill." All patent rights have been transferred, without charge, to Dr. Edouard Sarkiz, one of the pill's developers. Hoechst, which had acquired Marion Pharmaceuticals to form a new group, Hoechst-Marion-Roussel, had increased its share of the US pharmaceutical market from 1% to 4% in doing so and could not tolerate a boycott. RU-486, which was discovered by Professor Etienne Baulieu, was introduced in France in 1987 as an alternative to surgical abortion. Although Hoechst, then a majority stockholder of Roussel-Uclaf, had asked the French firm to interrupt production of the pill in 1988, the French minister of health and social affairs at that time, Claude Evin, ordered production to be continued. Approximately 25% of French women seeking abortion use RU-486; it is also used in Britain, Sweden, and China (women in China must pay for the drug, while surgical abortion is free). All American firms have refused to buy the drug from Roussel-Uclaf. An offer to the World Health Organization was ignored. The American Population Council obtained the right to use RU-486 in 1993. Dr. Sarkiz has formed Exelgyn, a small nonprofit company, to produce and distribute RU-486; research into other uses for the drug will also be conducted. There has been limited research into its use as an emergency contraceptive and as a treatment for endometriosis, uterine fibroma, and breast cancer. According to Professor Baulieu, the drug could be used in treating wounds and burns because of its antiglucocorticoid and immunosuppressive properties; preliminary research by the professor indicates the drug could also possibly be used as a reversible male contraceptive because of its action on the membranes of spermatozoa. The drug's use in

The Snapping Elbow Syndrome as a Reason for Chronic Elbow Neuralgia in a Tennis Player - MR, US and Sonoelastography Evaluation.

PubMed

Łasecki, Mateusz; Olchowy, Cyprian; Pawluś, Aleksander; Zaleska-Dorobisz, Urszula

2014-01-01

Ulnar neuropathy is the second most common peripheral nerve neuropathy after median neuropathy, with an incidence of 25 cases per 100 000 men and 19 cases per 100 000 women each year. Skipping (snapping) elbow syndrome is an uncommon cause of pain in the posterior-medial elbow area, sometimes complicated by injury of the ulnar nerve. One of the reason is the dislocation of the abnormal insertion of the medial triceps head over the medial epicondyle during flexion and extension movements. Others are: lack of the Osboune fascia leading to ulnar nerve instability and focal soft tissue tumors (fibromas, lipomas, etc). Recurrent subluxation of the nerve at the elbow results in a tractional and frictional neuritis with classical symptoms of peripheral neuralgia. As far as we know snapping triceps syndrome had never been evaluated in sonoelastography. A 28yo semi-professional left handed tennis player was complaining about pain in posterior-medial elbow area. Initial US examination suggest golfers elbow syndrome which occurs quite commonly and has a prevalence of 0.3-0.6% in males and 0-3-1.1% in women and may be associated (approx. 50% of cases) with ulnar neuropathy. However subsequently made MRI revealed unusual distal triceps anatomy, moderate ulnar nerve swelling and lack of medial epicondylitis symptoms. Followed (second) US examination and sonoelastography have detected slipping of the both ulnar nerve and the additional band of the medial triceps head. Snapping elbow syndrome is a poorly known medical condition, sometimes misdiagnosed as the medial epicondylitis. It describes a broad range of pathologies and anatomical abnormalities. One of the most often reasons is the slipping of the ulnar nerve as the result of the Osborne fascia/anconeus epitrochlearis muscle absence. Simultaneously presence of two or more "snapping reasons" is rare but should be always taken under consideration. There are no sonoelastography studies describing golfers elbow syndrome

Epidemiological survey of oral lesions in children and adolescents in a Brazilian population.

PubMed

Pessôa, Camila Porto; Alves, Técia Daltro Borges; dos Santos, Nilton César Nogueira; dos Santos, Heloísa Laís Rosário; Azevedo, Alana de Cássia Silva; dos Santos, Jean Nunes; Oliveira, Márcio Campos

2015-11-01

To identify the most frequent oral lesions in children and adolescents in Reference Units of Oral Lesions of Public Universities of Bahia, Brazil, in the period between 1996 and 2010, and estimate the association between socio-demographic factors and type of oral lesions found. Cross-sectional study using secondary data obtained from medical records, records of requests and reports of biopsies from patients aged between 0 and 19 years treated in Reference Units of Oral Lesions of Public Universities in Bahia, Brazil, in the period between 1996 and 2010. For data analysis, we used descriptive analysis of the variables, bivariate analysis by calculating the prevalence ratios (PR) to assess the association between oral lesions and gender, age and skin color, and the analysis of potential modifying and confounding effects by logistic regression modeling. To calculate the p-value of associations, we used the chi-square test, and p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. There were 360 records of patients between 0 and 19 years (8.7% of total records). The results revealed 72 different types of lesions. The most prevalent lesions were mucoceles (14.2%), fibroma (5.6%) and pyogenic granuloma (5.3%). The variable "age" was the only socio-demographic characteristics among those analyzed that showed a statistically significant association with both neoplastic and non-neoplastic lesions, according to bivariate analysis, considering the rates adjusted for potential confounders. Neoplastic lesions appeared more often in the age group 0-9 years, while the non-neoplastic lesions were more prevalent in individuals 10-19 years. There was no effect modification noted in the predictive models analyzed. The study identified the existence of a broad range of oral lesions affecting children and adolescents. Most of the lesions found were of the non-neoplastic type. The age of individuals was associated with the type of oral lesion found. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd

First year experience of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery with 153 cases in a general surgery department: indications, technique and results.

PubMed

Tomulescu, V; Stănciulea, O; Bălescu, I; Vasile, S; Tudor, St; Gheorghe, C; Vasilescu, C; Popescu, I

2009-01-01

Robotic surgery was developed in response to the limitations and drawbacks of laparoscopic surgery. Since 1997 when the first robotic procedure was performed various papers pointed the advantages of robotic-assisted laparoscopic surgery, this technique is now a reality and it will probably become the surgery of the future. The aim of this paper is to present our preliminary experience with the three-arms "da Vinci S surgical system", to assess the feasibility of this technique in various abdominal and thoracic procedures and to point out the advantages of the robotic approach for each type of procedure. Between 18 January 2008 and 18 January 2009 153 patients (66 men and 87 women; mean age 48,02 years, range 6 to 84 years) underwent robotic-assisted surgical procedures in our institution; we performed 129 abdominal and 24 thoracic procedures, as follows: one cholecystectomy, 14 myotomies with Dor fundoplication, one gastroenteroanastomosis for unresectable antral gastric cancer, one transthoracic esophagectomy, 14 gastrectomies, one polypectomy through gastrotomy, 22 splenectomies,7 partial spleen resections, 22 thymectomy, 6 Nissen fundoplications, one Toupet fundoplication, one choledocho-duodeno-anastomosis, one drainage for pancreatic abscess, one distal pancreatectomy, one hepatic cyst fenestration, 7 hepatic resections, 29 colonic and rectal resections, 5 adrenalectomies, 12 total radical hysterectomies and pelvic lymphadenectomy, 3 hysterectomies with bilateral adnexectomy for uterine fibroma, one unilateral adnexectomy, and 2 cases of cervico-mediastinal goitre resection. 147 procedures were robotics completed , whereas 6 procedures were converted to open surgery due to the extent of the lesion. Average operating room time was 171 minutes (range 60 to 600 minutes, Median length of stay was 8,6 days (range 2 to 48 days). One system malfunctions was registered. Post-operatory complications occurred in 14 cases. There were no deaths. Our preliminary experience

[Epidemiology of lung tumors].

PubMed

Ott, S; Geiser, T

2012-07-01

Approximately one out of 500 chest radiographs shows the incidental finding of a solitary pulmonary nodule and almost one half of these pulmonary lesions are caused by a tumor. Unfortunately, only 2% to 5% of all lung tumors are of benign origin, e. g. lipoma, fibroma, hamartoma, and chondroma, and the majority are malignant neoplasms, most commonly primary lung cancer followed by metastases of extrapulmonary primary carcinomas. Thus, a careful diagnostic work up of solitary pulmonary nodules, including histological diagnosis, is mandatory for an adequate management and treatment of patients with pulmonary lesions. Despite all recent improvements of treatment modalities, lung cancer continues to be a major cause of morbidity and mortality among malignant diseases worldwide. The prognosis of affected patients is still very poor and a 5-years survival rate of only 14% makes lung cancer the number one cause of death due to cancer in Switzerland. Active and passive tobacco smoking are by far the best known risk factor for the development of lung cancer, but there are severe other probably less known factors that may increase the individual risk for malignant neoplasms of the lung. These risk factors include e. g. exposure to natural ionic radiation, consisting of terrestrial radiation and indoor radiation caused by radon gas, exposure to respirable dust and Diesel engine emissions, asbestos, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. In the majority of cases, the latency between exposure and development of cancer is years to decades and the person concerned was occupationally exposed. Therefore, a detailed evaluation of a patient's medical and occupational history is needed. Due to its poor prognosis, prevention and early diagnosis of lung cancer is crucial to improve our patients' outcome. Good knowledge of epidemiology and aetiology of pulmonary tumors is the key to preventive measures and identification of individuals at increased risk for lung cancer. An overview will

Oral malignant melanomas and other head and neck neoplasms in Danish dogs - data from the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

Background Head and neck cancers (HNC) are relatively common and often very serious diseases in both dogs and humans. Neoplasms originating in the head and neck region are a heterogeneous group. HNC often has an unfavourable prognosis and the proximity of the tissue structures renders extirpation of tumours with sufficient margins almost incompatible with preservation of functionality. In humans oral malignant melanoma (OMM) is extremely rare, but represents a particular challenge since it is highly aggressive as is the canine counterpart, which thus may be of interest as a spontaneous animal model. Methods Canine cases entered in the Danish Veterinary Cancer Registry (DVCR) from May 15th 2005 through February 29th 2008 were included in this study. Fisher's exact test was used to compare proportions of HNC in dogs and humans as well as proportions of surgically treated cases of OMM and squamous cell carcinomas (SCC). Also the proportions of benign and malignant neoplasms of different locations in dogs were compared using Fisher's exact test. Results A total of 1768 cases of neoplasias (679 malignant, 826 benign, 263 unknown) were submitted. Of all neoplasias HNC accounted for 7.2% (n = 128). Of these, 64 (50%) were malignant and 44 (34%) benign. The most common types of malignant neoplasia were SCC (18; 28% of malignant), OMM (13; 20% of malignant), soft tissue sarcoma (11; 17% of malignant) and adenocarcinoma (5; 11% of malignant). The most common types of benign neoplasms were adenoma (7; 16% of benign), polyps (6; 14% of benign) and fibroma (5; 11% of benign). Conclusions In the current study, the proportion of neoplasia in the head and neck region in dogs in Denmark was similar to other canine studies and significantly more common than in humans with a large proportion of malignancies. Spontaneous HNC in dogs thus, may serve as a model for HNC in humans. Canine OMM is a spontaneous cancer in an outbred, immune-competent large mammal population and could be a

Orf virus infection in Alaskan mountain goats, Dall's sheep, muskoxen, caribou and Sitka black-tailed deer.

PubMed

Tryland, Morten; Beckmen, Kimberlee Beth; Burek-Huntington, Kathleen Ann; Breines, Eva Marie; Klein, Joern

2018-02-21

The zoonotic Orf virus (ORFV; genus Parapoxvirus, Poxviridae family) occurs worldwide and is transmitted between sheep and goats, wildlife and man. Archived tissue samples from 16 Alaskan wildlife cases, representing mountain goat (Oreamnos americanus, n = 8), Dall's sheep (Ovis dalli dalli, n = 3), muskox (Ovibos moschatus, n = 3), Sitka black-tailed deer (Odocoileus hemionus sitkensis, n = 1) and caribou (Rangifer tarandus granti, n = 1), were analyzed. Clinical signs and pathology were most severe in mountain goats, affecting most mucocutaneous regions, including palpebrae, nares, lips, anus, prepuce or vulva, as well as coronary bands. The proliferative masses were solid and nodular, covered by dark friable crusts. For Dall's sheep lambs and juveniles, the gross lesions were similar to those of mountain goats, but not as extensive. The muskoxen displayed ulcerative lesions on the legs. The caribou had two ulcerative lesions on the upper lip, as well as lesions on the distal part of the legs, around the main and dew claws. A large hairless spherical mass, with the characteristics of a fibroma, was sampled from a Sitka black-tailed deer, which did not show proliferative lesions typical of an ORFV infection. Polymerase chain reaction analyses for B2L, GIF, vIL-10 and ATI demonstrated ORFV specific DNA in all cases. Sequences from Dall's sheep formed a separate cluster, comparable to ORFV from domestic sheep. Sequences from the other species were different from the Dall's sheep sequences, but almost identical to each other. This is the first major investigation of parapoxvirus infections in large Alaskan game species, and the first report of parapoxvirus infection in caribou and Sitka black-tailed deer. This study shows that most of the wild ruminant species in Alaska and from most parts of Alaska, can carry and be affected by ORFV. These findings call for attention to transmission of ORFV from wildlife to livestock and to hunters, subsistence harvesters

Osteology, Phylogeny, Taphonomy, and Ontogenetic Histology of Oryctodromeus cubicularis, from the Middle Cretaceous (Albian-Cenomanian) of Montana and Idaho

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krumenacker, L. J.

Oryctodromeus is a small bipedal dinosaur known from middle Cretaceous (95-100 My) Wayan Formation of Idaho and the Vaughn Member of the Blackleaf Formation of Montana. This taxon is hypothesized to be a burrowing dinosaur, which cared for its young within these burrows. This dissertation is a broad three-part treatment of this taxon, and excepting the introductory and concluding chapters this dissertation consists of three main chapters. Chapter two describes the osteology and phylogenetic relationships of this animal. Notable features of the Oryctodromeus skeleton described include a network of ossified tendons along the vertebral column that completely ensheath the tail, a long tail that forms more than half the length of the animal, and unusual femoral heads whose morphology may be related to burrowing behavior. The first full skeletal and skull reconstructions of this animal are presented. Chapter three investigates patterns of preservation of Oryctodromeus. Data suggests that preservation of single to multiple individuals of this taxon typically occurred in burrows that may be difficult to impossible to recognize in the fossil record. New examples of burrows from Oryctodromeus from the Vaughn and Wayan, as well as additional evidence for social behavior, are also described. A third chapter details the ontogenetic histology, growth rates and patterns of skeletal fusion based on seven limb elements (femora and tibiae) from different individuals. Based on the data in this dissertation, three growth stages can be recognized in Oryctodromeus based on bone histology. Juveniles are defined by more rapidly growing fibrolamellar tissue, sub-adults are defined by a cortex of inner fibrolamellar tissue and outer zonal parallel fibered tissue, and near-adult individuals have tissue similar to sub adults with dense avascular bone in the outermost cortex that signals a decrease in growth rate. LAG's suggest a minimum age of six to seven years for more mature individuals

[Vitamin-resistant rickets cured by removal of a bone tumor. Review of the literature].

PubMed

François, S; Lefort, G; Poli-Merol, M L; Gaillard, D; Roussel, B; Sulmont, V; Daoud, S

1997-01-01

Rickets secondary to bone or soft tissue tumors are rare in children. Majority of the reported cases occurred in adults older than thirty. This entity can be cured after tumor removal. The authors present a case in a ten year boy and literature review. A ten year boy complained of diffuse bone and muscle weakness for two years. A diagnosis of arthritis was made but the patient continued to complain. Serum calcium level was normal (2.33 mmol/l), phosphorus was very low (0.43 mmol/l), serum alkaline phosphatase was high, parathyroid hormone and vitamin D level were normal. Urinalysis showed abnormal phosphate excretion. The absence of malabsorption, no family history of rickets or hypophosphatermy presence of a marked excess of urinary phosphate, very low serum phosphate and normal serum calcium, vitamin D and parathyroid hormone levels led us to consider a diagnosis of tumor induced osteomalacia. Radiographs showed a large round radiolucent lesion in the left superior pubic ramus and generalized demineralisation. We performed a complete tumor resection and the space was filled with bone graft. On histopathologic examination it was a benign mesenchymal tumor. Rapid reversal of biochemical anomalies, radiographs anomalies and clinical manifestation were observed after complete tumor resection. The authors have described the tumor, the osteomalacia and the pathogenesis of tumor rickets. Histologically the most common causative tumors were vascular tumors, mesenchymal tumors and non ossifying tumors. The tumor were of bone or soft tissue origin. Clinical symptoms were muscular weakness, bone and muscle pain. Biochemically there is a very low phosphate level, a normal serum calcium level as well as a normal vitamin D and PTH level. There is a significant high level of urinal phosphate. The mechanism proposed to explain oncogenic osteomalacia includes tumor secretion of phosphaturic substance other than PTH and calcitonin. Another hypothesis is a substance interfering

The Tarsometatarsus of the Ostrich Struthio camelus: Anatomy, Bone Densities, and Structural Mechanics.

PubMed

Gilbert, Meagan M; Snively, Eric; Cotton, John

2016-01-01

The ostrich Struthio camelus reaches the highest speeds of any extant biped, and has been an extraordinary subject for studies of soft-tissue anatomy and dynamics of locomotion. An elongate tarsometatarsus in adult ostriches contributes to their speed. The internal osteology of the tarsometatarsus, and its mechanical response to forces of running, are potentially revealing about ostrich foot function. Computed tomography (CT) reveals anatomy and bone densities in tarsometatarsi of an adult and a young juvenile ostrich. A finite element (FE) model for the adult was constructed with properties of compact and cancellous bone where these respective tissues predominate in the original specimen. The model was subjected to a quasi-static analysis under the midstance ground reaction and muscular forces of a fast run. Anatomy-Metatarsals are divided proximally and distally and unify around a single internal cavity in most adult tarsometatarsus shafts, but the juvenile retains an internal three-part division of metatarsals throughout the element. The juvenile has a sparsely ossified hypotarsus for insertion of the m. fibularis longus, as part of a proximally separate third metatarsal. Bone is denser in all regions of the adult tarsometatarsus, with cancellous bone concentrated at proximal and distal articulations, and highly dense compact bone throughout the shaft. Biomechanics-FE simulations show stress and strain are much greater at midshaft than at force applications, suggesting that shaft bending is the most important stressor of the tarsometatarsus. Contraction of digital flexors, inducing a posterior force at the TMT distal condyles, likely reduces buildup of tensile stresses in the bone by inducing compression at these locations, and counteracts bending loads. Safety factors are high for von Mises stress, consistent with faster running speeds known for ostriches. High safety factors suggest that bone densities and anatomy of the ostrich tarsometatarsus confer strength

Stable subcutaneous cartilage regeneration of bone marrow stromal cells directed by chondrocyte sheet.

PubMed

Li, Dan; Zhu, Lian; Liu, Yu; Yin, Zongqi; Liu, Yi; Liu, Fangjun; He, Aijuan; Feng, Shaoqing; Zhang, Yixin; Zhang, Zhiyong; Zhang, Wenjie; Liu, Wei; Cao, Yilin; Zhou, Guangdong

2017-05-01

In vivo niche plays an important role in regulating differentiation fate of stem cells. Due to lack of proper chondrogenic niche, stable cartilage regeneration of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in subcutaneous environments is always a great challenge. This study explored the feasibility that chondrocyte sheet created chondrogenic niche retained chondrogenic phenotype of BMSC engineered cartilage (BEC) in subcutaneous environments. Porcine BMSCs were seeded into biodegradable scaffolds followed by 4weeks of chondrogenic induction in vitro to form BEC, which were wrapped with chondrocyte sheets (Sheet group), acellular small intestinal submucosa (SIS, SIS group), or nothing (Blank group) respectively and then implanted subcutaneously into nude mice to trace the maintenance of chondrogenic phenotype. The results showed that all the constructs in Sheet group displayed typical cartilaginous features with abundant lacunae and cartilage specific matrices deposition. These samples became more mature with prolonged in vivo implantation, and few signs of ossification were observed at all time points except for one sample that had not been wrapped completely. Cell labeling results in Sheet group further revealed that the implanted BEC directly participated in cartilage formation. Samples in both SIS and Blank groups mainly showed ossified tissue at all time points with partial fibrogenesis in a few samples. These results suggested that chondrocyte sheet could create a chondrogenic niche for retaining chondrogenic phenotype of BEC in subcutaneous environment and thus provide a novel research model for stable ectopic cartilage regeneration based on stem cells. In vivo niche plays an important role in directing differentiation fate of stem cells. Due to lack of proper chondrogenic niche, stable cartilage regeneration of bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) in subcutaneous environments is always a great challenge. The current study demonstrated that chondrocyte sheet generated by

The Tarsometatarsus of the Ostrich Struthio camelus: Anatomy, Bone Densities, and Structural Mechanics

PubMed Central

Gilbert, Meagan M.; Snively, Eric; Cotton, John

2016-01-01

Background The ostrich Struthio camelus reaches the highest speeds of any extant biped, and has been an extraordinary subject for studies of soft-tissue anatomy and dynamics of locomotion. An elongate tarsometatarsus in adult ostriches contributes to their speed. The internal osteology of the tarsometatarsus, and its mechanical response to forces of running, are potentially revealing about ostrich foot function. Methods/Principal Findings Computed tomography (CT) reveals anatomy and bone densities in tarsometatarsi of an adult and a young juvenile ostrich. A finite element (FE) model for the adult was constructed with properties of compact and cancellous bone where these respective tissues predominate in the original specimen. The model was subjected to a quasi-static analysis under the midstance ground reaction and muscular forces of a fast run. Anatomy–Metatarsals are divided proximally and distally and unify around a single internal cavity in most adult tarsometatarsus shafts, but the juvenile retains an internal three-part division of metatarsals throughout the element. The juvenile has a sparsely ossified hypotarsus for insertion of the m. fibularis longus, as part of a proximally separate third metatarsal. Bone is denser in all regions of the adult tarsometatarsus, with cancellous bone concentrated at proximal and distal articulations, and highly dense compact bone throughout the shaft. Biomechanics–FE simulations show stress and strain are much greater at midshaft than at force applications, suggesting that shaft bending is the most important stressor of the tarsometatarsus. Contraction of digital flexors, inducing a posterior force at the TMT distal condyles, likely reduces buildup of tensile stresses in the bone by inducing compression at these locations, and counteracts bending loads. Safety factors are high for von Mises stress, consistent with faster running speeds known for ostriches. Conclusions/Significance High safety factors suggest that bone

Significance of the Lateral Humeral Line for Evaluating Radiocapitellar Alignment in Children.

PubMed

Souder, Christopher D; Roocroft, Joanna H; Edmonds, Eric W

The radiocapitellar line (RCL) was originally described for evaluation of the alignment of the RC joint on lateral images of the elbow. Although, many authors have translated the utilization of RCL into coronal imaging, previous studies have not been performed to confirm validity. The purpose of this paper was to identify an accurate way of evaluating pediatric RC alignment in the coronal plane. Thirty-seven anteroposterior (AP) radiographs of 37 children were evaluated to determine the position of the RC joint in the coronal plane. All had acceptable magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies available for comparison. The lateral humeral line (LHL), consisting of a line along the lateral edge of the ossified condyle of the distal humerus parallel to the axis of the distal humeral shaft, was studied as it related to the lateral cortex of the radial neck. Three children with a confirmed diagnosis of a Bado III, lateral displaced radius, Monteggia fracture were also evaluated. The LHL passed along the edge of or lateral to the radial neck on all AP radiographs and all MRI studies. The RCL failed to intersect the capitellum on 2 AP radiographs. On MRI, the RCL also passed lateral to the capitellar ossification center in 3 patients. In addition, the RCL was seen passing through the capitellum at a mean of the lateral 30% (range, 0% to 64%) on AP radiographs and 26% (range, 0% to 48%) on MRI. For all 3 children with a Bado III Monteggia fracture, the LHL crossed the radial neck and the RCL did not intersect the capitellum. The RCL can fail to intersect the capitellar ossification center on AP radiographs and MRI in pediatric elbows without injury. The LHL consistently lies lateral to the radial neck in normal elbows and medial to the lateral aspect of the radial neck on all Bado III fracture-dislocations. It, therefore, can be used as an adjunct in evaluating the RC joint on AP imaging. The RCL most commonly intersects the lateral one third of the ossification center on

[Feasibility and diagnostic value of hysterosonography performed in bleeding time in the exploration of abnormal uterine bleeding].

PubMed

Bouzid, A; Ayachi, A; Ben Khedija, M; Menjli, S; Mkaouar, L; Mourali, M

2016-11-01

The aim of our study is to evaluate the feasibility, safety and diagnostic value of hysterosonography performed in an emergency setting among patients consulting for active abnormal uterine bleeding. In this prospective study, we included 216 patients visiting our emergency department for abnormal uterine bleeding. All patients had a transvaginal ultrasound with doppler study and an hysterosonography. Secondly, the patients, in whom we diagnosed a suspected organic lesion, were addressed to an endoscopic or surgical procedure with pathological examination. Initially, we evaluated the feasibility and the safety of hysterosonography and secondly, we compared the two techniques (EEV and hysterosonography), sensitivity, specificity, LHR+and LHR-. The hysterosonography was performed in 98.1 % of patients and its realization has resulted in an additional period of 1.2minutes on average (extreme: 6-12) compared to ultrasound. The tolerance of the hysterosonographic examination was very good in 73.5 % of patients and good in 23.1 % of them. For the 167 patients who had been diagnosed with presumed organic lesions, pathological examination found an endometrial hyperplasia in 34.7 % of cases, polyps in 40.1 % of cases, sub-mucosal fibroids in 11.3 % of cases, endometrial cancer in 0.7 % of cases and other lesions in 13.2 % of cases. The diagnostic value of hysterosonography was superior to ultrasound in the detection of polyps (AUC: 0.894 vs 0.778, P=0.003) and fibromas (AUC: 1.000 vs 0.716, P=0.001) while the two methods showed no significant difference in the detection of hyperplasia. The purpose of our study was to focus on a particular context of use of the hysterosonography consisting on hemorrhagic period and on its realization in the emergency room. We were able to demonstrate that hysterosonography is compatible with the emergency situation as to its feasibility and its diagnostic value and that its realization would contribute to the sorting of patients

Brain and sense organ anatomy and histology in hemoglobinless Antarctic icefishes (Perciformes: Notothenioidei: Channichthyidae).

PubMed

Eastman, Joseph T; Lannoo, Michael J

2004-04-01

The Channichthyidae, one of five Antarctic notothenioid families, includes 16 species and 11 genera. Most live at depths of 200-800 m and are a major component of fish biomass in many shelf areas. Channichthyids are unique among adult fishes in possessing pale white blood containing a few vestigal erythrocytes and no hemoglobin. Here we describe the brains of seven species and special sense organs of eight species of channichthyids. We emphasize Chionodraco hamatus and C. myersi, compare these species to other channichthyids, and relate our findings to what is known about brains and sense organs of red-blooded notothenioids living sympatrically on the Antarctic shelf. Brains of channichthyids generally resemble those of their bathydraconid sister group. Among channichthyids the telencephalon is slightly regressed, resulting in a stalked appearance, but the tectum, corpus cerebellum, and mechanoreceptive areas are well developed. Interspecific variation is present but slight. The most interesting features of channichthyid brains are not in the nervous tissue but in support structures: the vasculature and the subependymal expansions show considerable elaboration. Channichthyids have large accessory nasal sacs and olfactory lamellae are more numerous than in other notothenioids. The eyes are relatively large and laterally oriented with similar duplex (cone and rod) retinae in all eight species. Twin cones are the qualitatively dominant photoreceptor in histological sections and, unlike bathydraconids, there are no species with rod-dominated retinae. Eyes possess the most extensive system of hyaloid arteries known in teleosts. Unlike the radial pattern seen in red-blooded notothenioids and most other teleosts, channichthyid hyaloid arteries arise from four or five main branches and form a closely spaced anastomosing series of parallel channels. Cephalic lateral line canals are membranous and some exhibit extensions (canaliculi), but canals are more ossified than those

CpG location and methylation level are crucial factors for the early detection of oral squamous cell carcinoma in brushing samples using bisulfite sequencing of a 13-gene panel.

PubMed

Morandi, Luca; Gissi, Davide; Tarsitano, Achille; Asioli, Sofia; Gabusi, Andrea; Marchetti, Claudio; Montebugnoli, Lucio; Foschini, Maria Pia

2017-01-01

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is usually diagnosed at an advanced stage and is commonly preceded by oral premalignant lesions. The mortality rates have remained unchanged (50% within 5 years after diagnosis), and it is related to tobacco smoking and alcohol intake. Novel molecular markers for early diagnosis are urgently needed. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of methylation level in a set of 18 genes by bisulfite next-generation sequencing. With minimally invasive oral brushing, 28 consecutive OSCC, one squamous cell carcinoma with sarcomatoid features, six high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HGSIL), 30 normal contralateral mucosa from the same patients, and 65 healthy donors were evaluated for DNA methylation analyzing 18 target genes by quantitative bisulfite next-generation sequencing. We further evaluated an independent cohort (validation dataset) made of 20 normal donors, one oral fibroma, 14 oral lichen planus (OLP), three proliferative verrucous leukoplakia (PVL), and two OSCC. Comparing OSCC with normal healthy donors and contralateral mucosa in 355 CpGs, we identified the following epigenetically altered genes: ZAP70 , ITGA4 , KIF1A , PARP15 , EPHX3 , NTM , LRRTM1 , FLI1 , MIR193 , LINC00599 , PAX1 , and MIR137HG showing hypermethylation and MIR296 , TERT , and GP1BB showing hypomethylation . The behavior of ZAP70 , GP1BB , H19 , EPHX3 , and MIR193 fluctuated among different interrogated CpGs. The gap between normal and OSCC samples remained mostly the same (Kruskal-Wallis P values < 0.05), but the absolute values changed conspicuously. ROC curve analysis identified the most informative CpGs, and we correctly stratified OSCC and HGSIL from normal donors using a multiclass linear discriminant analysis in a 13-gene panel (AUC 0.981). Only the OSCC with sarcomatoid features was negative. Three contralateral mucosa were positive, a sign of a possible field cancerization. Among imprinted genes, only MIR296

Swiss Canine Cancer Registry 1955-2008: Occurrence of the Most Common Tumour Diagnoses and Influence of Age, Breed, Body Size, Sex and Neutering Status on Tumour Development.

PubMed

Grüntzig, K; Graf, R; Boo, G; Guscetti, F; Hässig, M; Axhausen, K W; Fabrikant, S; Welle, M; Meier, D; Folkers, G; Pospischil, A

2016-01-01

This study is based on the Swiss Canine Cancer Registry, comprising 121,963 diagnostic records of dogs compiled between 1955 and 2008, in which 63,214 (51.83%) animals were diagnosed with tumour lesions through microscopical investigation. Adenoma/adenocarcinoma (n = 12,293, 18.09%) was the most frequent tumour diagnosis. Other common tumour diagnoses were: mast cell tumour (n = 4,415, 6.50%), lymphoma (n = 2,955, 4.35%), melanocytic tumours (n = 2,466, 3.63%), fibroma/fibrosarcoma (n = 2,309, 3.40%), haemangioma/haemangiosarcoma (n = 1,904, 2.80%), squamous cell carcinoma (n = 1,324, 1.95%) and osteoma/osteosarcoma (n = 842, 1.24%). The relative occurrence over time and the most common body locations of those tumour diagnoses are presented. Analyses of the influence of age, breed, body size, sex and neutering status on tumour development were carried out using multiple logistic regression. In certain breeds/breed categories the odds ratios (ORs) for particular tumours were outstandingly high: the boxer had higher ORs for mast cell tumour and haemangioma/haemangiosarcoma, as did the shepherd group for haemangioma/haemangiosarcoma, the schnauzer for squamous cell carcinoma and the rottweiler for osteoma/osteosarcoma. In small dogs, the risk of developing mammary tumours was three times higher than in large dogs. However, small dogs were less likely to be affected by many other tumour types (e.g. tumours of the skeletal system). Examination of the influence of sex and neutering status on tumour prevalence showed that the results depend on the examination method. In all sampling groups the risk for female dogs of developing adenoma/adenocarcinoma was higher than for male dogs. Females had a lower risk of developing haemangioma/haemangiosarcoma and squamous cell carcinoma than males. Neutered animals were at higher risk of developing specific tumours outside the genital organs than intact animals. The sample size allows detailed insight into the

[A study on the association between the use of oral contraception and cancer of the breast or cervix: preliminary findings of a French study].

PubMed

Le, M G; Bachelot, A; Doyen, F; Kramar, A

1985-03-01

A case-control study of the relationship between oral contraceptive (OC) use and cancer of the breast or cervix in women aged 45 and under is currently underway in 4 cancer centers, a public assistance hospital, and 3 private clinics in France. The preliminary analysis is presented of 240 cases of breast cancer, 84 of cervical cancer, 68 controls with nongynecological cancers, and 246 controls with nonmalignant conditions except benign breast disease and moderate or severe cervical dysplasia. 46% of controls had benign and 7% had malignant thyroid conditions, 4% had ovarian cysts, 3% had uterine fibromas, 6% had other gynecological conditions, 9% had other types of conditions, and 10% were hospital personnel, visitors, or women having routine examinations. The mean duration of OC use was not significantly different among different groups of controls. 3 factors were found to raise the risk of breast cancer significantly in the study population: a family history of breast cancer raised relative risk to 1.75, having 3 or fewer children raised it to 2.16, and having 2 or more induced abortions raised it to 1.75. Occupational status, marital status, age at menarche, age at 1st birth, number of spontaneous abortions, and benign breast disease were not associated with breast cancer. There was no association between breast cancer and duration of OC use or OC use before or after the 1st pregnancy or age 25. Women beginning OC use before age 25 had a relative risk of .55 compared to other women. No increased risk of breast cancer was seen when various types of OCs, including combined, biphasic, sequential, or low or higher dosed progestagen only formulations were analyzed separetely, and users of progestagen only pills had a decreased incidence. There was no relationship between risk of brest cancer and estrogen dose of combined, sequential, or biphasic pills. 4 factors were related to cervical cancer: high occupational status, number of children, number of induced abortions

Ecomorphological inferences in early vertebrates: reconstructing Dunkleosteus terrelli (Arthrodira, Placodermi) caudal fin from palaeoecological data.

PubMed

Ferrón, Humberto G; Martínez-Pérez, Carlos; Botella, Héctor

2017-01-01

Our knowledge about the body morphology of many extinct early vertebrates is very limited, especially in regard to their post-thoracic region. The prompt disarticulation of the dermo-skeletal elements due to taphonomic processes and the lack of a well-ossified endoskeleton in a large number of groups hinder the preservation of complete specimens. Previous reconstructions of most early vertebrates known from partial remains have been wholly based on phylogenetically closely related taxa. However, body design of fishes is determined, to a large extent, by their swimming mode and feeding niche, making it possible to recognise different morphological traits that have evolved several times in non-closely related groups with similar lifestyles. Based on this well-known ecomorphological correlation, here we propose a useful comparative framework established on extant taxa for predicting some anatomical aspects in extinct aquatic vertebrates from palaeoecological data and vice versa. For this, we have assessed the relationship between the locomotory patterns and the morphological variability of the caudal region in extant sharks by means of geometric morphometrics and allometric regression analysis. Multivariate analyses reveal a strong morphological convergence in non-closely related shark species that share similar modes of life, enabling the characterization of the caudal fin morphology of different ecological subgroups. In addition, interspecific positive allometry, affecting mainly the caudal fin span, has been detected. This phenomenon seems to be stronger in sharks with more pelagic habits, supporting its role as a compensation mechanism for the loss of hydrodynamic lift associated with the increase in body size, as previously suggested for many other living and extinct aquatic vertebrates. The quantification of shape change per unit size in each ecological subgroup has allowed us to establish a basis for inferring not only qualitative aspects of the caudal fin