2018-01-01
Defense Planning in a Time of Conflict A Comparative Analysis of the 2001– 2014 Quadrennial Defense Reviews, and Implications for...The purpose of the project was to perform a comparative historical review of the four Quadrennial Defense Reviews (QDRs) conducted since the first...Planning in a Time of Conflict: A Comparative Analysis of the 2001–2014 Quadrennial Defense Reviews, and Implications for the Army—that documented
75 FR 5578 - Federal Advisory Committee; Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-03
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Federal Advisory Committee; Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Disestablishment of Federal advisory committee. SUMMARY: The Department of Defense announced on October 1, 2009 (74 FR 50781) that the...
2018-01-01
utilized” (Donald Rumsfeld, “The DoD Study Process,” Rumsfeld Papers , April 28, 2001f). 18 U.S. General Accounting Office, 2002b, pp. 6–7. 19 Among the...in “Rumsfeld Point Paper to Congress on the Quadrennial Defense Review,” Inside Defense, May 25, 2001h. 20 Elaine M. Grossman, “Joint Staff...Studies—Standards to Be Planted Down the Road for Defense Guidance, the QDR, and Building the DoD Budgets for 2002 and 2003,” Rumsfeld Papers , May 10
1998-06-01
the Nation’s Course : Strategic Planning Processes in the 1952-53 " New Look" and the 1996-97 Quadrennial...sequences into a cohesive whole. Two examples ( the New Look of 1953 and the Quadrennial Defense Review of 1997) are selected for comparison due to the many...By 1953, atomic weapons were becoming more numerous and hydrogen weapons were about to be tested for the first time. 17 Bombers, cruise missiles,
Quadrennial Defense Review Report
2010-02-01
medicine , and computer network operations. While we continue to employ a mix of programs and incentives to recruit quality personnel, we are also...Lithuania* Singapore Australia Finland Luxembourg* Slovakia* Austria France* Macedonia Slovenia* Azerbaijan Georgia Montenegro Spain* Belgium...20,000 positions by 2015. We will continue to significantly enhance Secretary of Defense Robert M. Gates meets with plant workers during a tour of an
Chamberlain, Marc C
2014-03-01
The 4th Quadrennial Meeting of the World Federation of Neuro-Oncology (WFNO), San Francisco, CA, USA, 21-24 November 2013 The 4th Quadrennial Meeting of the World Federation of Neuro-Oncology (WFNO) was the largest neuro-oncology meeting that meets once every 4 years and brings together clinicians and scientists from all parts of the world whose focus is on new brain cancer clinical trials and research primarily pertaining to gliomas. The WFNO 2013 meeting included 1 education day, 2.5 days of presentation, 13 sunrise sessions, one town hall meeting, one mini-symposium, 130 oral presentations and 900 abstracts. This short meeting review highlights select adult clinical abstracts presented at WFNO 2013 that will only in part encompass the contents of a large and multifaceted meeting.
Optimizing Microgrid Architecture on Department of Defense Installations
2014-09-01
PPA power purchase agreement PV photovoltaic QDR Quadrennial Defense Review SNL Sandia National Laboratory SPIDERS Smart Power Infrastructure...a MILP that dispatches fuel-based generators with consideration to an ensemble of forecasted inputs from renewable power sources, subject to physical...wind power project costs by region: 2012 projects, from [30]. 6. Weather Forecasts Weather forecasts are often presented as a single prediction
2014-05-01
applicability of DOD Directive 6205.3, which they believe was made obsolete when the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review established DOD’s emphasis on...gas masks, gloves, and boots, or biosurveillance and detection equipment in our analysis. We included in our definition of “biological threat
The Civil-Military Gap in the United States. Does It Exist, Why, and Does It Matter?
2007-01-01
and/or the general public. Based on this framework, our analysis then compares the char- acteristics of military and civilian respondents using a...armed forces, three major force structure reviews (1990 Base Force, 1993 Bottom-Up Review, 1997 Quadrennial Defense Review) took place in the space...Defense Planning in a Decade of Change: Lessons from the Base Force, Bottom-Up Review, and Quadrennial Defense Review, Santa Monica, CA: RAND
Quadrennial Defense Review 2014
2014-01-01
stressors abroad such as poverty, environmental degradation, political instability, and social tensions – conditions that can enable terrorist activity...environment amid the challenges of climate change and environmental damage. We have increased our preparedness for the consequences of environmental ...sonar with the help of Colombian divers during Navy Dive-Southern Partnership Station 2012, off the coast of Colombia. (U.S. Navy photo by Petty
Quadrennial Defense Review Report
2006-02-06
reforms will not occur overnight, and care must be taken not to weaken what works eff ectively during the transition to a more cross-cutting...but will be part of a process of continuous change. Common to all of the focus areas is the imperative to work with other government agencies...indiscriminate violence in an attempt to subjugate the Muslim world under a radical theocratic tyranny. Th ese networks also aim to exhaust the will of
Clarifying the quadrennial needs study process.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1993-12-01
The Quadrennial Needs Study was developed to assist in the : identification of highway needs and the distribution of road funds : in Iowa among the various highway entities. During the period 1978 : to 1990, the process has seen large shifts in needs...
Towards a (Preliminary) Theory of Cyberpower
2008-06-01
response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and... reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information...In the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review , a request was made to have the Center for Technology and National Security Policy (CTNSP), National Defense
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Carafano, James
2009-01-01
"The Pentagon is currently undertaking a congressionally mandated Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) of strategy, force structure, missions, and resources. One issue that should be on the table is defining professional military education requirements. The current system is inadequate. The Department of Defense (DOD) should restructure it to…
1984-01-01
Increased performance Y.* requirements over the course of a c~areer. In addition to training poli- ~~ ~ v cies, the Services provide policies that impact on...8217.hiER(S) Ca. NAME OF PERFORMING ORGANiZArION 6b OFFICE SYMBOL .7a. NAM~E OF MONITORING ORGA5iZATION Fifth Quadrennial R-view of (if applicable) Office... employee by some per- centage of the benefits payable under social security; and (3) providing retirement benefits only on earnings in excess of
The Defense Systems Acquisition and Review Council
1976-09-15
THE DEFENSE SYSTEMS ACQUISITION AND REVIEW COUNCIL.. A Study of Areas of Consideration Affecting the Functions and Process of Defense Major...COUNfIL: 4 Study of Areas of Considerationi Affecting/he Functions and Process of Defense _- 1 Major Systems Acquisition. , ; O,. v AUTHOR(e) I. C...Studies DSARC -- Functions and Process OSDCAIG *, Army Systems . A - =A -- he Defense Systems Acquisition Review Council (DSARC) was created to assume
14th Annual Expeditionary Warfare Conference
2009-11-19
Untitled Document 2009expedition.html[5/12/2016 8:33:22 AM] 14th ANNUAL EXPEDITIONARY WARFARE CONFERENCE “Expeditionary Warfare in a Complex Joint...WWW.NDIA.ORG/MEETINGS/0700 “Expeditionary Warfare in a Complex Joint Operating Environment” BAY POINT MARRIOTT HOTEL, PANAMA CITY, FL...Focus: The purpose of the Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) is to determine the nation’s defense strategy and establish a defense program for
A Change in the Air: Strategic Innovation and the Combined Bomber Offensive
2011-06-01
same lineup of enemies and allies throughout.‖7 The George W. Bush administration proclaimed in the 2006 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR), that...the organization rather than forcing new ones. Posen argues, ―Changing enemies or allies may take less time than changing plans or procedures …[and
Navy Trident Submarine Conversion (SSGN) Program: Background and Issues for Congress
2006-06-20
the Kamehameha (SSBN-642) — two older-generation SSBNs that were converted into SSNs specifically for supporting larger numbers of SOF personnel...The Polk was retired in 1999 at age 33; the Kamehameha was retired in 2002 at age 36. The report of the 2001 Quadrennial Defense Review, submitted to
Economics and Security: Resourcing National Priorities
2010-05-21
passed two laws in 2005 and 2008 basically endorsing the Constellation pro - gram and the Bush administration’s future plans for NASA. Currently, Con ...10 percent. The pro - posed Fiscal Year (FY) 2011 federal budget is $3.8 trillion with a deficit for this year of $1.6 trillion, about 11 percent of...Quadrennial Defense Review examines Department of Defense strat- egies and priorities and rebalances strategies, capabilities, and forces. The pro - posed FY
Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress
2010-05-26
online at http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid= 12600. 4 Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review Report, February 2010...calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi-bin/dist. 10 Although the Navy states that the CVN based...itself. 14 This is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available
Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress
2010-06-10
Mayport,” available online at http://www.defenselink.mil/releases/release.aspx?releaseid= 12600. 4 Department of Defense, Quadrennial Defense Review...locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi-bin/dist. 10 Although the Navy states...portion of Norfolk itself. 14 This is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance
2015-11-02
External Peer Review Report on the Defense Contract Management Agency Office of Independent Assessment Internal Review Team N O V E M B E R 2 , 2 0 1 5... MANAGEMENT AGENCY SUBJECT: External Peer Review Report on the Defense Contract Management Agency Office of Independent Assessment Internal Review Team...Report No. DODIG-2016-007) Attached is the External Peer Review Report on the Defense Contract Management Agency Office of Independent Assessment
1985-03-01
customer. The interviewed executives believe these considerations are a major cause for the rather low esteem in which the investing public holds defense...RD-RI58 246 DEFENSE FINANCIAL AND INVESTMENT REVIEN APPENDIX 3 FINRNCIAL COMMUNITY PE.. (U) LOGISTICS MANAGEMENT INST BETHESDA MD P J DAVEY ET RL... INVESTMENT REVIEW, APPENDIX 3; Financial Community Perceptions Of The Defense Industry: 1985 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER 7. AUTHOR(e) 8. CONTRACT
Security Assistance: U.S. and International Historical Perspectives
2006-08-01
Major Schumann’s study , A transformational approach to US security assistance – the case of Romania. 45 Quadrennial Defense Review Report (QDRR...545 A Transformational Approach to Security Assistance: The Case of Romania by Major Drew Schumann...intent of this study is to examine a small group of nineteenth- and twentieth-century cases in search of useful, or at least noteworthy
2010-03-01
strong while the temperatures over Scandinavia and Europe (eastern Arctic) are warmer and winds are weaker than average (Serreze and Barry 2005...than the Fram Strait branch than previously thought. This could facilitate an increase in the frequency of storms reaching higher latitudes...REFERENCES Ackerman, J. T., 2008: Climate Change, National Security, and the Quadrennial Defense Review: Avoiding the Perfect Storm . Strategic Studies
Review of defense display research programs
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Tulis, Robert W.; Hopper, Darrel G.; Morton, David C.; Shashidhar, Ranganathan
2001-09-01
Display research has comprised a substantial portion of the defense investment in new technology for national security for the past 13 years. These investments have been made by the separate service departments and, especially, via several Defense Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs, known collectively as the High Definition Systems (HDS) Program (which ended in 2001) and via the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) Defense Production Act (DPA) Title III Program (efforts ended in 2000). Using input from the Army, Navy, and Air Force to focus research and identify insertion opportunities, DARPA and the Title III Program Office have made investments to develop the national technology base and manufacturing infrastructure necessary to meet the twin challenge of providing affordable displays in current systems and enabling the DoD strategy of winning future conflicts by getting more information to all participants during the battle. These completed DARPA and DPA research and infrastructure programs are reviewed. Service investments have been and are being made to transition display technology; examples are described. Display science and technology (S&T) visions are documented for each service to assist the identification of areas meriting consideration for future defense research.
National Guard Forces in the Cyber Domain
2015-05-22
TITLE AND SUBTITLE National Guard Forces in the Cyber Domain 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S...Soldiers. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER) commander, Lieutenant General Edward Cardon stated that Guard will begin to build combat power with...90 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review, 15. 91 Ibid. 92 Edward C. Cardon , "ARMY.MIL, The Official Homepage of the United
Reforming Acquisition: This Time Must Be Different
2015-04-30
Ñçê=fåÑçêãÉÇ=`Ü~åÖÉ= - 227 - Increase the use of multi-year procurements. Develop strategies to mitigate risk and improve performance in system-of...number of strategies to train and empower the workforce to shift from a “risk averse,” strict compliance mindset, into a performance -oriented approach...20Regulatory%20Costs2 0on%20Small%20Firms%20(Summary). pdf Dale, C. (2014, February). The 2014 Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) and defense strategy
Defense Systems Management Review. Volume I, Number 4. Autumn 1977
1977-10-03
quarterly by the Defense Systems Management College, Fort Belvoir, VA 22060. Publication of the Review was approved by OASD(PA) May 18 1976. The views...Two copies of reprinted material should be forwarded to the Editor. Distribution of this publication is controlled. Inquiries concerning...DESTBIBUTION STATEMENT A Approved for public release; ■Distribution Unlimited in DEFENSE SYSTEMS MANAGEMENT REVIEW PURPOSE The purpose of the
The Evolution of the Civil Affairs Force
2013-12-01
efficiency. The purpose of the analysis is to determine whether the current Civil Affairs structure is the most efficient design , and if not, what changes...sources of data include the Total Army Analysis that was utilized to build the Civil Affairs force, historical Quadrennial Defense Reviews (QDR...efficiency. It addresses the question of whether the current Civil Affairs structure reflects the most efficient design , and if not, what changes are
2014-07-31
began declining before partial sequestration, which has only worsened the problem. When automatic budget cuts took effect in April 2013 for three...structures, including the BUR force, the 2002 Force, the QDR force, and the sequestration force. Table 1 (Appendix A) contains a comparison of these...to address those same security challenges. Under the BCA, automatic reductions of the caps on Government-wide discretionary funding (sequestration
Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress
2010-04-23
Release No. 233-09 of April 10, 2009, entitled “Quadrennial Defense Review To Determine Aircraft Carrier Homeporting In Mayport,” available online at...The figure of about 32 nautical miles is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online ...distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi-bin/dist
Navy Nuclear Aircraft Carrier (CVN) Homeporting at Mayport: Background and Issues for Congress
2010-12-09
Release No. 233-09 of April 10, 2009, entitled “Quadrennial Defense Review To Determine Aircraft Carrier Homeporting In Mayport,” available online at...is the straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http...straight-line distance between the two locations, as calculated by the “How Fair Is It?” online distance calculator available at http://www.indo.com/cgi
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-19
... Information Collection Activity Under OMB Review: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training--Registration and... self-defense training class provided by TSA, the collection process involves requesting, the name.... Information Collection Requirement Title: Flight Crew Self-Defense Training--Registration and Evaluation. Type...
Small Business and Defense Acquisitions: A Review of Policies and Current Practices
2011-01-01
Office of Management and Budget xviii Small Business and Defense Acquisitions: A Review of Policies and Current Practices PSC Product and Service Code...themselves as minority-owned, women-owned, veteran- owned, or small disadvantaged businesses . The resulting database gives sourcing managers a tool for...REPORT DATE 2011 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2011 to 00-00-2011 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Small Business and Defense Acquisitions: A
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Warden, Michael L.
Since 1957 the Department of Defense has subjected all forms of speech of U.S. military personnel meant for publication to prepublication review based on security and policy criteria. The historical development of the Defense Department's prepublication review program and its specific implementation by the U.S. Air Force lead to questions of First…
Climate Change, National Security, and the Quadrennial Defense Review. Avoiding the Perfect Storm
2008-01-01
consequently, higher ocean water temperatures are increasing the occurrence of coral bleaching and coral reef die-offs.57 The IPCC concludes that...unprecedented combination of climate change, associated disturbances (e.g., flooding, drought, wildfire, in- sects, ocean acidification ), and other global...instance, the disintegration of saltwater fishing indus- tries due to ocean acidification could spark inter- and intrastate conflict as numerous
Erratum: Erratum to: The Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2016
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Godin-Beekmann, Sophie; Petropavlovskikh, Irina; Reis, Stefan; Newman, Paul; Steinbrecht, Wolfgang; Rex, Markus; Santee, Michelle L.; Eckman, Richard S.; Zheng, Xiangdong; Tully, Matthew B.; Stevenson, David S.; Young, Paul; Pyle, John; Weber, Mark; Tamminen, Johanna; Mills, Gina; Bais, Alkiviadis F.; Heaviside, Clare; Zerefos, Christos
2018-03-01
The Quadrennial Ozone Symposium 2016 Sophie GODIN-BEEKMANN*1, Irina PETROPAVLOVSKIKH2, Stefan REIS3,20, Paul NEWMAN4, Wolfgang STEINBRECHT5, Markus REX6, Michelle L. SANTEE7, Richard S. ECKMAN8, Xiangdong ZHENG9, Matthew B. TULLY10, David S. STEVENSON11, Paul YOUNG12, John PYLE13, Mark WEBER14, Johanna TAMMINEN15, Gina MILLS16, Alkiviadis F. BAIS17, Clare HEAVISIDE18, and Christos ZEREFOS19 1 Observatoire de Versailles Saint-Quentin en Yvelines, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, CNRS, 78280 Guyancourt, France 2 CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA 3 NERC Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Edinburgh EH26 0QB, UK 4 Goddard Space Flight Center, NASA, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA 5 Hohenpeissenberg Meteorological Observatory, Deutscher Wetterdienst, 82383 Hohenpeissenberg, Germany 6 Alfred Wegener Institute, 14401 Potsdam, Germany 7 Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, CA 91109, USA 8 NASA Headquarters, Earth Science Division, Washington, DC, USA 9 Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China 10 Bureau of Meteorology, Melbourne, Victoria 3001, Australia 11 University of Edinburgh, School of GeoSciences, Edinburgh EH9 3FE, UK 12 Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK 13 University of Cambridge, Department of Chemistry, Cambridge CB2 1EW, UK 14 University of Bremen, Institute of Environmental Physics, 28359 Bremen, Germany 15 Finnish Meteorological Institute, Earth Observation, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland 16 NERC Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Bangor, Gwynedd LL57 2UW, Wales, UK 17 Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece 18 Public Health England, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, London, UK 19 Research Center for Atmospheric Physics & Climatology, Academy of Athens, Athens 10680, Greece 20 University of Exeter Medical School, Truro TR1 3HD, UK
Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (5th). Volume 1. Uniformed Services Retirement System
1984-01-01
1120 OP P. .. ~~#~1 ’@" 4P er J,~ 0~*-P * P 0 %~~T % s - % -%n • -%:’-...%. .. ’ - .. -.. e. -’ " eM e...Guide for the 1980’ s " published by the Bankers Trust Company every five -. years. Also useful are the data published by various compensation con...NUMiit.H( S ) 7a. NAME OF MONITORING 0 1>iilATION Office of Secretary of Defense ASD, Manpower, InstallMtions and lb. ADDRESS (City, State, and liP
A Review on Internet of Things for Defense and Public Safety
Fraga-Lamas, Paula; Fernández-Caramés, Tiago M.; Suárez-Albela, Manuel; Castedo, Luis; González-López, Miguel
2016-01-01
The Internet of Things (IoT) is undeniably transforming the way that organizations communicate and organize everyday businesses and industrial procedures. Its adoption has proven well suited for sectors that manage a large number of assets and coordinate complex and distributed processes. This survey analyzes the great potential for applying IoT technologies (i.e., data-driven applications or embedded automation and intelligent adaptive systems) to revolutionize modern warfare and provide benefits similar to those in industry. It identifies scenarios where Defense and Public Safety (PS) could leverage better commercial IoT capabilities to deliver greater survivability to the warfighter or first responders, while reducing costs and increasing operation efficiency and effectiveness. This article reviews the main tactical requirements and the architecture, examining gaps and shortcomings in existing IoT systems across the military field and mission-critical scenarios. The review characterizes the open challenges for a broad deployment and presents a research roadmap for enabling an affordable IoT for defense and PS. PMID:27782052
Nano/micromotors for security/defense applications. A review.
Singh, Virendra V; Wang, Joseph
2015-12-14
The new capabilities of man-made micro/nanomotors open up considerable opportunities for diverse security and defense applications. This review highlights new micromotor-based strategies for enhanced security monitoring and detoxification of chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWA). The movement of receptor-functionalized nanomotors offers great potential for sensing and isolating target bio-threats from complex samples. New mobile reactive materials based on zeolite or activated carbon offer considerable promise for the accelerated removal of chemical warfare agents. A wide range of proof-of-concept motor-based approaches, including the detection and destruction of anthrax spores, 'on-off' nerve-agent detection or effective neutralization of chemical warfare agents have thus been demonstrated. The propulsion of micromotors and their corresponding bubble tails impart significant mixing that greatly accelerates such detoxification processes. These nanomotors will thus empower sensing and destruction where stirring large quantities of decontaminating reagents and controlled mechanical agitation are impossible or undesired. New technological breakthroughs and greater sophistication of micro/nanoscale machines will lead to rapid translation of the micromotor research activity into practical defense applications, addressing the escalating threat of CBWA.
Nano/micromotors for security/defense applications. A review
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Singh, Virendra V.; Wang, Joseph
2015-11-01
The new capabilities of man-made micro/nanomotors open up considerable opportunities for diverse security and defense applications. This review highlights new micromotor-based strategies for enhanced security monitoring and detoxification of chemical and biological warfare agents (CBWA). The movement of receptor-functionalized nanomotors offers great potential for sensing and isolating target bio-threats from complex samples. New mobile reactive materials based on zeolite or activated carbon offer considerable promise for the accelerated removal of chemical warfare agents. A wide range of proof-of-concept motor-based approaches, including the detection and destruction of anthrax spores, `on-off' nerve-agent detection or effective neutralization of chemical warfare agents have thus been demonstrated. The propulsion of micromotors and their corresponding bubble tails impart significant mixing that greatly accelerates such detoxification processes. These nanomotors will thus empower sensing and destruction where stirring large quantities of decontaminating reagents and controlled mechanical agitation are impossible or undesired. New technological breakthroughs and greater sophistication of micro/nanoscale machines will lead to rapid translation of the micromotor research activity into practical defense applications, addressing the escalating threat of CBWA.
Transportation of Large Wind Components: A Permitting and Regulatory Review
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Levine, Aaron; Cook, Jeff
This report summarizes permitting and regulatory issues associated with transporting wind turbine blades, towers, and nacelles as well as large transformers (wind components). These wind components are commonly categorized as oversized and overweight (OSOW) and require specific permit approvals from state and local jurisdictions. The report was developed based on a Quadrennial Energy Review (QER) recommendation on logistical requirements for the transportation of 'oversized or high-consequence energy materials, equipment, and components.'
Indirect Plant Defense against Insect Herbivores: A Review
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching two types of defenses: direct defense and indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host plants to attacking insect herbivores by affecting the physiology and/or behavior of the attackers. Indirect defe...
2002-04-01
Northeast Asia and the Persian Gulf region, leaving those areas temporarily uncovered. Pitts added that “The simple truth is that America’s air ...quently grounded, again the Air Force was struck with the impact of its own narrow- minded policies . With no launch vehicle to launch the DSCS III...Realist Tradition in the United States Foreign Policy .” Lecture. Dept of International Security and Military Studies. Air Command and Staff College
Review of flat panel display programs and defense applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Gnade, Bruce; Schulze, Raymond; Henderson, Girardeau L.; Hopper, Darrel G.
1997-07-01
Flat panel display research has comprised a substantial portion of the national investment in new technology for economic and national security for the past nine years. These investments have ben made principally via several Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) programs, known collectively as the continuing High Definition Systems Program, and the Office of the Secretary of Defense Production Act Title III Program. Using input from the Army, Navy, and Air Force to focus research and identify insertion opportunities, DARPA and the Title III Program Office have made investments to develop the national technology base and manufacturing infrastructure necessary to meet the twin challenge of providing affordable displays in current systems and enabling the DoD strategy of winning future conflicts by getting more information to all participants during the battle. These research programs are reviewed and opportunities for applications are described. Future technology development, transfer, and transition requirements are identified. Strategy and vision are documented to assist the identification of areas meriting further consideration.
Military Retirement Reform: A Review of Proposals and Options for Congress
2011-11-17
year of service (either High-3 or Redux), reservists are restricted to one system (a modified version of High-3), and disability retirees also have...the opportunity to choose between two systems (High-3 or Disability retirement). Many observers have agreed that a reformed retirement system could...2008 by the 10th Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (QRMC) that further modeled , refined, and amplified on the work of the DACMC. Both efforts
External Quality Control Review of the Defense Information Systems Agency Audit Organization
2012-08-07
We are providing this report for your information and use. We have reviewed the system of quality control for the audit organization of the Defense...audit organization encompasses the audit organization’s leadership, emphasis on performing high quality work, and policies and procedures established
A Review on Internet of Things for Defense and Public Safety.
Fraga-Lamas, Paula; Fernández-Caramés, Tiago M; Suárez-Albela, Manuel; Castedo, Luis; González-López, Miguel
2016-10-05
The Internet of Things (IoT) is undeniably transforming the way that organizations communicate and organize everyday businesses and industrial procedures. Its adoption has proven well suited for sectors that manage a large number of assets and coordinate complex and distributed processes. This survey analyzes the great potential for applying IoT technologies (i.e., data-driven applications or embedded automation and intelligent adaptive systems) to revolutionize modern warfare and provide benefits similar to those in industry. It identifies scenarios where Defense and Public Safety (PS) could leverage better commercial IoT capabilities to deliver greater survivability to the warfighter or first responders, while reducing costs and increasing operation efficiency and effectiveness. This article reviews the main tactical requirements and the architecture, examining gaps and shortcomings in existing IoT systems across the military field and mission-critical scenarios. The review characterizes the open challenges for a broad deployment and presents a research roadmap for enabling an affordable IoT for defense and PS.
The Cyber Defense Review. Volume 1, Number 1, Spring 2016
2016-04-20
in the Land and Cyber Domains Lieutenant General Edward C. Cardon The U.S. Navy’s Evolving Cyber/ Cybersecurity Story Rear Admiral Nancy Norton...Olav Lysne Cyber Situational Awareness Maj. Gen. Earl D. Matthews, USAF, Ret Dr. Harold J. Arata III Mr. Brian L. Hale Is There a Cybersecurity ...Kallberg The Decision to Attack: Military and Intelligence Cyber Decision-Making by Dr. Aaron F. Brantly The Cyber Defense Review
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
National Academies Press, 2011
2011-01-01
The National Research Council (NRC) was asked by the National Defense Intelligence College (NDIC) to convene a committee to review the curriculum and syllabi for their proposed master of science degree in science and technology intelligence. The NRC was asked to review the material provided by the NDIC and offer advice and recommendations…
Overview of Climate Confluence Security Issues
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Reisman, J. P.
2011-12-01
Presentation will focus on an overview of the security perspectives based on the confluence considerations including energy, economics and climate change. This will include perspectives from reports generated by the Quadrennial Defense Review, Joint Forces Command, the Center for Strategic International Studies, MIT, the Inter-agency Climate Change Adaptation Task Force, the Central Intelligence Agency, the Center for Naval Analysis, and other relevant reports. The presentation will highlight the connections between resource issues and climate change which can be interpreted into security concerns. General discussion of global issues, contextual review of AR4 WGII may be included and any other report updates as applicable. The purpose of this presentation is to give a rounded view of the general qualitative and quantitative perspectives regarding climate related security considerations.
1993-04-20
OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL REVIEW OF THE ALL SOURCE ANALYSIS SYSTEM AS A PART OF THE AUDIT OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE DEFENSE...System as a Part of the Audit of the Effectiveness of the Defense Acquisition Board Review Process--FY 1993 (Report No. 93-087) We are providing...appreciate the courtesies extended to the audit staff. If you have questions on this report, please contact Program Director Russell A. Rau at (703) 693
Indirect plant defense against insect herbivores: a review.
Aljbory, Zainab; Chen, Ming-Shun
2018-02-01
Plants respond to herbivore attack by launching 2 types of defenses: direct defense and indirect defense. Direct defense includes all plant traits that increase the resistance of host plants to insect herbivores by affecting the physiology and/or behavior of the attackers. Indirect defense includes all traits that by themselves do not have significant direct impact on the attacking herbivores, but can attract natural enemies of the herbivores and thus reduce plant loss. When plants recognize herbivore-associated elicitors, they produce and release a blend of volatiles that can attract predators, parasites, and other natural enemies. Known herbivore-associated elicitors include fatty acid-amino acid conjugates, sulfur-containing fatty acids, fragments of cell walls, peptides, esters, and enzymes. Identified plant volatiles include terpenes, nitrogenous compounds, and indoles. In addition, constitive traits including extrafloral nectars, food bodies, and domatia can be further induced to higher levels and attract natural enemies as well as provide food and shelter to carnivores. A better understanding of indirect plant defense at global and componential levels via advanced high throughput technologies may lead to utilization of indirect defense in suppression of herbivore damage to plants. © 2016 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
1994-06-03
wft*:¥A:ft:i:ft& OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL AV-8B REMANUFACTURE PROGRAM AS PART OF THE AUDIT OF THE DEFENSE ACQUISITION BOARD...Part of the Audit of the Defense Acquisition Board Review Process - FY 1994 B. DATE Report Downloaded From the Internet: 03/23/99 C. Report’s Point...NAVY FOR RESEARCH DEVELOPMENT AND ACQUISITION SUBJECT: Audit Report on the AV-8B Remanufacture Program as Part of the Audit of the Defense
Planning Electric Transmission Lines: A Review of Recent Regional Transmission Plans
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Eto, Joseph H.
The first Quadrennial Energy Review (QER) recommends that the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) conduct a national review of transmission plans and assess the barriers and incentives to their implementation. DOE tasked Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL) to prepare two reports to support the agency’s response to this recommendation. This report reviews regional transmission plans and regional transmission planning processes that have been directed by Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC) Order Nos. 890 and 1000. We focus on the most recent regional transmission plans (those issued in 2015 and through approximately mid-year 2016) and current regional transmission planning processes. Amore » companion report focuses on non-plan-related factors that affect transmission projects.« less
Management of Common Use Repairable Items in the Department of Defense
1995-09-01
DEFENSE (LOGISTICS) ASSISTANT DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE FOR MATERIEL AND DISTRIBUTION MANAGEMENT ASSISTANT SECRETARY OF THE NAVY (FINANCIAL...for review and comment. The Assistant Deputy Under Secretary of Defense for Materiel and Distribution Management provided a consolidated response...Defense for Materiel and Distribution Management concurred with all recommendations, except the recommendation to review all Army directed disposals of
2015-06-12
capabilities. These challenges required acknowledgment and addressing. Appreciation of this reality reflected in both the 2010 Quadrennial Defense...implement a new warfighting concept. The JCS’s appreciations for this is reflected in the JOAC directive related to AirSea Battle, requiring the...New Offset Strategy: Exploiting U.S. Long-Term Advantages to Restore U.S. You should not pour new wine into old vessels. Heinz
2001-04-01
macro level change in DoD. Due to some of the undesired results of Vietnam, Desert I, and Grenada in regards to “joint” operations between the services...consult with the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) to determine what budget changes were needed. McNamara concluded that the answers from the JCS seemed...management accounting. It was used as a tool to identify mission requirements, perform cost analysis, and make decisions on what programs to fund.8 Prior
The Identification and Modification of Defense Mechanisms in Counseling.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Clark, Arthur J.
1991-01-01
Suggests considerations and strategies for identifying and modifying a client's defense mechanisms in counseling. Provides definitions of individual defenses and indicators for identifying the mechanisms. Literature review focuses on counseling implications of defenses. Process of defense mechanism modification is illustrated through case example.…
Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 14, Number 2
2007-09-01
2007 Vol. 14 No. 2 Learn. Perform. Succeed. Professionalism in the Acquisition Contracting Workforce Have We Gone too Far? John Krieger Contracting...acQuiSition contractinG WorKforce: HAVE WE GONE TOO FAR? John Krieger To professionalize the acquisition contracting workforce, the Department of Defense...featured author for this edition is Professor John Krieger , the Director of the Contracting Center of the Defense Acquisition University’s
Photovoltaics in the Department of Defense
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chapman, Richard N.
1997-02-01
This paper documents the history of photovoltaic use within the Department of Defense leading up to the installation of 2.1 MW of photovoltaics underway today. This history describes the evolution of the Department of Defense's Tri-Service Photovoltaic Review Committee and the committee's strategic plan to realize photovoltaic's full potential through outreach, conditioning of the federal procurement system, and specific project development. The Photovoltaic Review Committee estimates photovoltaic's potential at nearly 4,000 MW, of which about 700 MW are considered to be cost-effective at today's prices. The paper describes photovoltaic's potential within the Department of Defense, the status and features of the 2.1-MW worth of photovoltaic systems under installation, and how these systems are selected and implemented. The paper also documents support provided to the Department of Defense by the Department of Energy dating back to the late 70s.
Teaching Women Self-Defense: Pedagogical Issues.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Madden, Margaret E.; Sokol, Thomas J.
1997-01-01
Addresses feminist pedagogical issues concerning whether the instructional methods and content of self-defense courses truly result in the empowerment of women in response to violence against them. Reviews research on the utility of learning resistance techniques, lists recommendations for self-defense teaching methods, and outlines a sample…
Review of the Fiscal Year 2014 (FY14) Defense Environmental International Cooperation (DEIC) Program
2015-05-01
spell out) originating request, including DoD action officer, email address, and commercial and DSN phone number ; 3. Description...does not display a currently valid OMB control number . 1. REPORT DATE MAY 2015 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Review...of the Fiscal Year 2014 (FY14) Defense Environmental International Cooperation (DEIC) Program 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM
Quadrennial Energy Review Act of 2011
Sen. Pryor, Mark L. [D-AR
2011-10-13
Senate - 11/15/2011 Committee on Energy and Natural Resources. Hearings held. Hearings printed: S.Hrg. 112-188. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:
75 FR 26782 - Homeland Security Advisory Council
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-05-12
... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY [Docket No. DHS-2010-0039] Homeland Security Advisory Council... Meeting. SUMMARY: The Homeland Security Advisory Council (HSAC) will meet via teleconference for the purpose of reviewing the final report of the HSAC's Quadrennial (Homeland Security) Review Advisory...
DefenseLink Special: 2005 Year in Review
DefenseLink.mil Aug. 04, 2015 War on Terror Transformation News Products Press Resources Images Websites Contact knew only the terror of the Taliban is now seeing a rebirth of freedom," President Bush said
Defense Acquisition Structures and Capabilities Review
2007-06-01
systems to joint portfolio management Refinement of a human capital strategy Improvement of governance of the business transformation effort...Management, Senior- Level Tri-Chaired investment panel for the new Concept Decision process for major programs, and Defense Acquisition Executive Summary...establishment of centers of excellence. DLA reorganized to implement the Business Systems Modernization (BSM) initiative designed to improve end-to-end
[Study of defense styles, defenses and coping strategies in alcohol-dependent population].
Ribadier, A; Varescon, I
2017-05-01
Defense mechanisms have been seen to greatly change over time and across different definitions made by different theoretical currents. Recently with the definition provided by the DSM IV, defense mechanisms have integrated the concept of coping as a defensive factor. These mechanisms are no longer considered just through a psychodynamic approach but also through a cognitive and behavioral one. In recent years, new theories have therefore integrated these two components of the defensive operation. According to Chabrol and Callahan (2013), defense mechanisms precede coping strategies. In individuals with psychopathological disorders, these authors indicate a relative stability of these mechanisms. Also, we asked about the presence of unique characteristics among people with alcohol dependence. Indeed, studies conducted with people with alcohol dependence highlight the presence of a neurotic defense style and some highly immature defenses (projection, acting out, splitting and somatization). In terms of coping strategies, persons with alcohol dependence preferentially use avoidant strategies and strategies focused on emotion. However, although several studies have been conducted to assess coping strategies and defense styles within a population of individuals with an alcohol problem, at the present time none of them has taken into account all these aspects of defense mechanisms. The aim of this study is therefore to study the defenses and defense styles and coping strategies in an alcohol-dependent population. This multicenter study (3 CHU, 1 center of supportive care and prevention in addiction and 1 clinic) received a favorable opinion of an Institutional Review Board (IRB Registration #: 00001072). Eighty alcohol-dependent individuals responded to a questionnaire assessing sociodemographic characteristics and elements related to the course of consumption. Coping strategies were assessed by means of a questionnaire validated in French: the Brief Cope. The Defense
Musidlak, Oskar; Nawrot, Robert; Goździcka-Józefiak, Anna
2017-11-01
Plants have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to tackle virus attack. Endogenous plant proteins can function as virus suppressors. Different types of proteins mediate defense responses against plant viruses. Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are activated upon pathogen infections or in different stress situations and their production is one of many components in plant defense. Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) suppress translation by enzymatically damaging ribosomes and they have been found to have antiviral activity. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to target RNAs via specialized RNA-binding domain and can directly or indirectly function in plant defense system against RNA viruses. Proteins involved in silencing machinery, namely Dicer-like (DCL) proteins, Argonaute (AGO) proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) confer innate antiviral defense in plants as they are able to degrade foreign RNA of viral origin. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of plant proteins participating in antiviral defense. As a result we discuss proteins conferring plant antiviral resistance and their potential future applications in different fields of life including agriculture and medicine.
Goździcka-Józefiak, Anna
2017-01-01
Plants have evolved a variety of defense mechanisms to tackle virus attack. Endogenous plant proteins can function as virus suppressors. Different types of proteins mediate defense responses against plant viruses. Pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins are activated upon pathogen infections or in different stress situations and their production is one of many components in plant defense. Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) suppress translation by enzymatically damaging ribosomes and they have been found to have antiviral activity. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) bind to target RNAs via specialized RNA-binding domain and can directly or indirectly function in plant defense system against RNA viruses. Proteins involved in silencing machinery, namely Dicer-like (DCL) proteins, Argonaute (AGO) proteins, and RNA-dependent RNA polymerases (RDRs) confer innate antiviral defense in plants as they are able to degrade foreign RNA of viral origin. This review aims to provide a comprehensive and up-to-date picture of plant proteins participating in antiviral defense. As a result we discuss proteins conferring plant antiviral resistance and their potential future applications in different fields of life including agriculture and medicine. PMID:29104238
Plant peptides in defense and signaling.
Marmiroli, Nelson; Maestri, Elena
2014-06-01
This review focuses on plant peptides involved in defense against pathogen infection and those involved in the regulation of growth and development. Defense peptides, defensins, cyclotides and anti-microbial peptides are compared and contrasted. Signaling peptides are classified according to their major sites of activity. Finally, a network approach to creating an interactomic peptide map is described. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Defense Health Board Annual Review of Department of Defense Deployment Health Centers
2012-03-19
biosurveillance information, such as the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA) (specifically, it’s Cooperative Biological Engagement Program) has been...compatibility with DoD PWPHI requirements, the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act and other applicable industry standards. AFHC’s...populations, findings often have Tri-Service applicability . Staff are presently studying Navy SEALS, Service members and recruits who have suffered heat
Inducible defenses in food webs: Chapter 3.4
Vos, Matthijs; Kooi, Bob W.; DeAngelis, Donald L.; Mooij, Wolf M.; de Ruiter, Peter; Wolters, Volkmar; Moore, John C.; Melville-Smith, Kimberly
2005-01-01
This chapter reviews the predicted effects of induced defenses on trophic structure and two aspects of stability, “local” stability and persistence, as well as presenting novel results on a third, resilience. Food webs are structures of populations in a given location organized according to their predator–prey interactions. Interaction strengths and, therefore, prey defenses are generally recognized as important ecological factors affecting food webs. Despite this, surprisingly, little light has been shed on the food web-level consequences of inducible defenses. Inducible defenses occur in many taxa in both terrestrial and aquatic food webs. They include refuge use, reduced activity, adaptive life history changes, the production of toxins, synomones and extrafloral nectar, and the formation of colonies, helmets, thorns, or spines. In the chapter, theoretical results for the effects of inducible defenses on trophic structure and the three aspects of stability are reviewed. This is done, in part, using bifurcation analysis—a type of analysis that is applied to nonlinear dynamic systems described by a set of ordinary differential or difference equations. The work presented in the chapter suggests that heterogeneity, as caused by induced defenses in prey species, has major effects on the functioning of food webs. Inducible defenses occur in many species in both aquatic and terrestrial systems, and theoretical work indicates they have major effects on important food web properties such as trophic structure, local stability, persistence, and resilience.
Hypermedia Laboratory, Defense Applied Information Technology Center; Review for 1988
1988-12-01
Information System (DGIS): The Department of Defense Microcomputer User’s Gateway to the World;" Microcomputers for Information Management : An International...accessing. "Knowledge Gateways: The Building Blocks." Information Processing & Management , Volume 24, Number 4, pp. 459-468, 1988. Donald T. Hawkins...intelligence and hypermedia. This activity is managed by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). Much of our development at this point is
77 FR 65676 - Federal Advisory Committee; Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-10-30
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Federal Advisory Committee; Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the... addition, the DHB will report on the progress of its ongoing review of the effects of the obesity epidemic...
Defense.gov Special Report: Defense Intelligence
Department of Defense Submit Search Defense intelligence is critical to the Defense Department's role in and conduct successful military and security operations that protect America. Defense Intelligence News Story Intelligence Chief Describes 'Pervasive Uncertainty' of Worldwide Threats "
The climate change and energy security nexus
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
King, Marcus Dubois; Gulledge, Jay
2013-01-01
The study of the impacts of climate change on national and interna-tional security has grown as a research field, particularly in the last five years. Within this broad field, academic scholarship has concentrated primarily on whether climate change is, or may become, a driver of violent conflict. This relationship remains highly contested. However, national security policy and many non-governmental organizations have identified climate change as a threat multiplier in conflict situations. The U.S. Department of Defense and the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defense have incorporated these findings into strategic planning documents such as the Quadrennial Defense Review and the Strategicmore » Defence and Security Review. In contrast to the climate-conflict nexus, our analysis found that academic scholarship on the climate change and energy security nexus is small and more disciplinarily focused. In fact, a search of social science litera-ture found few sources, with a significant percentage of these works attribut-able to a single journal. Assuming that policymakers are more likely to rely on broader social science literature than technical or scientific journals, this leaves a limited foundation. This then begged the question: what are these sources? We identified a body of grey literature on the nexus of climate change and energy security of a greater size than the body of peer-reviewed social science literature. We reviewed fifty-eight recent reports, issue briefs, and transcripts to better understand the nexus of climate change and energy security, as well as to gain insight about the questions policymakers need answered by those undertaking the research. In this article, we describe the nature of the sources reviewed, highlight possible climate change and energy security linkages found within those sources, identify emerging risks, and offer conclusions that can guide further research.« less
Antiviral Defense Mechanisms in Honey Bees
Brutscher, Laura M.; Daughenbaugh, Katie F.; Flenniken, Michelle L.
2015-01-01
Honey bees are significant pollinators of agricultural crops and other important plant species. High annual losses of honey bee colonies in North America and in some parts of Europe have profound ecological and economic implications. Colony losses have been attributed to multiple factors including RNA viruses, thus understanding bee antiviral defense mechanisms may result in the development of strategies that mitigate colony losses. Honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms include RNA-interference, pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) triggered signal transduction cascades, and reactive oxygen species generation. However, the relative importance of these and other pathways is largely uncharacterized. Herein we review the current understanding of honey bee antiviral defense mechanisms and suggest important avenues for future investigation. PMID:26273564
Jwa, Nam-Soo; Agrawal, Ganesh Kumar; Tamogami, Shigeru; Yonekura, Masami; Han, Oksoo; Iwahashi, Hitoshi; Rakwal, Randeep
2006-01-01
Rice, a first cereal crop whose draft genome sequence from two subspecies (japonica-type cv. Nipponbare and indica-type 93-11) was available in 2002, along with its almost complete genome sequence in 2005, has drawn the attention of researchers worldwide because of its immense impact on human existence. One of the most critical research areas in rice is to discern the self-defense mechanism(s), an innate property of all living organisms. The last few decades have seen scattered research into rice responses to diverse environmental stimuli and stress factors. Our understanding on rice self-defense mechanism has increased considerably with accelerated research during recent years mainly due to identification and characterization of several defense/stress-related components, genes, proteins and secondary metabolites. As these identified components have been used to study the defense/stress pathways, their compilation in this review will undoubtedly help rice (and others) researchers to effectively use them as a potential marker for better understanding, and ultimately, in defining rice (and plant) self-defense response pathways.
Quadrennial Technology Review 2015: Technology Assessments--Hydropower
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sam Baldwin, Gilbert Bindewald, Austin Brown, Charles Chen, Kerry Cheung, Corrie Clark, Joe Cresko,
Hydropower has provided reliable and flexible base and peaking power generation in the United States for more than a century, contributing on average 10.5% of cumulative U.S. power sector net generation over the past six and one-half decades (1949–2013). It is the nation’s largest source of renewable electricity, with 79 GW of generating assets and 22 GW of pumped-storage assets in service, with hydropower providing half of all U.S. renewable power-sector generation (50% in 2014). In addition to this capacity, the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has identified greater than 80 GW of new hydropower resource potential: at least 5more » GW from rehabilitation and expansion of existing generating assets, up to 12 GW of potential at existing dams without power facilities, and over 60 GW of potential low-impact new development (LIND) in undeveloped stream reaches. However, despite this growth potential, hydropower capacity and production growth have stalled in recent years, with existing assets even experiencing decreases in capacity and production from lack of sustaining investments in infrastructure and increasing constraints on water use.« less
77 FR 2867 - 2010 Quadrennial Regulatory Review
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-01-19
... also seeking comment on economic studies analyzing the relationship between local media market... competition, localism, and diversity, the Commission commissioned eleven economic studies, which were conducted by outside researchers and Commission staff. The Commission previously released the studies to...
Defense bill: Earmarking as usual
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Earmarked funds in the $268 billion defense appropriations bill for fiscal year 1991 stirred congressional debate in late October. Senator Sam Nunn (D-Ga.), chairman of the Senate Armed Services Committee, charged that the defense bill contains questionable projects totaling tens of millions of dollars. AGU opposes legislative earmarking of money for particular institutions, maintaining that the practice prevents the best use of federal funding by circumventing competitive review. Nunn noted on the Senate floor that the appropriations bill provided specific funds for cited institutions—contravening a federal law promoting competition. “ If these programs have merit, they will succeed in a fair and competent review in competition,” Nunn said. “If no other institution in the country is able to compete, there should be no fear whatever of competition… But no one else in the world is allowed to compete to work on these projects.”
Evolution of Hormone Signaling Networks in Plant Defense.
Berens, Matthias L; Berry, Hannah M; Mine, Akira; Argueso, Cristiana T; Tsuda, Kenichi
2017-08-04
Studies with model plants such as Arabidopsis thaliana have revealed that phytohormones are central regulators of plant defense. The intricate network of phytohormone signaling pathways enables plants to activate appropriate and effective defense responses against pathogens as well as to balance defense and growth. The timing of the evolution of most phytohormone signaling pathways seems to coincide with the colonization of land, a likely requirement for plant adaptations to the more variable terrestrial environments, which included the presence of pathogens. In this review, we explore the evolution of defense hormone signaling networks by combining the model plant-based knowledge about molecular components mediating phytohormone signaling and cross talk with available genome information of other plant species. We highlight conserved hubs in hormone cross talk and discuss evolutionary advantages of defense hormone cross talk. Finally, we examine possibilities of engineering hormone cross talk for improvement of plant fitness and crop production.
22 CFR 130.4 - Defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Defense articles and defense services. 130.4 Section 130.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS, FEES AND COMMISSIONS § 130.4 Defense articles and defense services. Defense articles and defense...
22 CFR 130.4 - Defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Defense articles and defense services. 130.4 Section 130.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS, FEES AND COMMISSIONS § 130.4 Defense articles and defense services. Defense articles and defense...
22 CFR 130.4 - Defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Defense articles and defense services. 130.4 Section 130.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS, FEES AND COMMISSIONS § 130.4 Defense articles and defense services. Defense articles and defense...
22 CFR 130.4 - Defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Defense articles and defense services. 130.4 Section 130.4 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS, FEES AND COMMISSIONS § 130.4 Defense articles and defense services. Defense articles and defense...
Communication Breakdown: DHS Operations During a Cyber Attack
2010-12-01
is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instruction, searching existing data sources, gathering and...maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of...Presidential Directive, Malware, National Exercise, Quadrennial Homeland Security Review , Trusted Internet Connections, Zero-Day Exploits 16. PRICE CODE 17
Strategic defense initiative: critical issues
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Nuckolls, J.H.
The objectives of the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) as outlined by President Reagan are discussed. The principal objective for SDI is as a defense against ballistic missiles. Soviet objections and a summary of US-USSR dialogue on the subject are reviewed. Most US studies have been critical of SDI. Four critical issues are addressed in depth: are defense weapons technologically feasible which have high economic leverage relative to offensive ballistic missiles; would the defense feasibility and leverage be degraded or enhanced in the technological race between weapons innovation and countermeasures; could stability be achieved during and after the transition to themore » defense dominated world envisioned by SDI proponents; would the deployment of high leverage defensive weapons increase or decrease the security of NATO Europe, and the probability of major conventional or nuclear wars. The issue of SDI may lead to a paradox that contains the seeds of catastrophe. The author concludes by warning that nuclear disarmament may eliminate the highly successful deterrent mechanism for avoiding another major world war. In a world made safe for major conventional wars by the apparent ''elimination'' of nuclear weapons, the leaders in a conventional World War III - involving unimaginable suffering, hatred, terror, and death - would be strongly motivated to introduce nuclear weapons in the crucial decisive battles. Even if diplomacy could ''eliminate'' nuclear weapons, man's knowledge of nuclear weapons can never be eliminated. The paradox is the attempt to eliminate nuclear weapons may maximize the probability of their use. (DMC)« less
32 CFR 70.8 - Discharge review procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Discharge review procedures. 70.8 Section 70.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD (DRB) PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS § 70.8 Discharge review procedures. (a) Application for review—(1) General. Applications...
32 CFR 70.8 - Discharge review procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Discharge review procedures. 70.8 Section 70.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD (DRB) PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS § 70.8 Discharge review procedures. (a) Application for review—(1) General. Applications...
32 CFR 70.8 - Discharge review procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discharge review procedures. 70.8 Section 70.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD (DRB) PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS § 70.8 Discharge review procedures. (a) Application for review—(1) General. Applications...
32 CFR 70.8 - Discharge review procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discharge review procedures. 70.8 Section 70.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD (DRB) PROCEDURES AND STANDARDS § 70.8 Discharge review procedures. (a) Application for review—(1) General. Applications...
32 CFR 724.117 - Discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Discharge review. 724.117 Section 724.117 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.117 Discharge review. A nonadversary administrative reappraisal at the level of...
Next Generation Nuclear Plant Defense-in-Depth Approach
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Edward G. Wallace; Karl N. Fleming; Edward M. Burns
2009-12-01
The purpose of this paper is to (1) document the definition of defense-in-depth and the pproach that will be used to assure that its principles are satisfied for the NGNP project and (2) identify the specific questions proposed for preapplication discussions with the NRC. Defense-in-depth is a safety philosophy in which multiple lines of defense and conservative design and evaluation methods are applied to assure the safety of the public. The philosophy is also intended to deliver a design that is tolerant to uncertainties in knowledge of plant behavior, component reliability or operator performance that might compromise safety. This papermore » includes a review of the regulatory foundation for defense-in-depth, a definition of defense-in-depth that is appropriate for advanced reactor designs based on High Temperature Gas-cooled Reactor (HTGR) technology, and an explanation of how this safety philosophy is achieved in the NGNP.« less
32 CFR 169a.16 - Independent review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Independent review. 169a.16 Section 169a.16 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.16 Independent review. (a) The estimates of in-house and...
32 CFR 169a.16 - Independent review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Independent review. 169a.16 Section 169a.16 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.16 Independent review. (a) The estimates of in-house and...
32 CFR 169a.16 - Independent review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Independent review. 169a.16 Section 169a.16 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.16 Independent review. (a) The estimates of in-house and...
Hitting the sweet spot-glycans as targets of fungal defense effector proteins.
Künzler, Markus
2015-05-06
Organisms which rely solely on innate defense systems must combat a large number of antagonists with a comparably low number of defense effector molecules. As one solution of this problem, these organisms have evolved effector molecules targeting epitopes that are conserved between different antagonists of a specific taxon or, if possible, even of different taxa. In order to restrict the activity of the defense effector molecules to physiologically relevant taxa, these target epitopes should, on the other hand, be taxon-specific and easily accessible. Glycans fulfill all these requirements and are therefore a preferred target of defense effector molecules, in particular defense proteins. Here, we review this defense strategy using the example of the defense system of multicellular (filamentous) fungi against microbial competitors and animal predators.
Applications of spatially offset Raman spectroscopy to defense and security
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guicheteau, Jason; Hopkins, Rebecca
2016-05-01
Spatially offset Raman spectroscopy (SORS) allows for sub-surface and through barrier detection and has applications in drug analysis, cancer detection, forensic science, as well as defense and security. This paper reviews previous efforts in SORS and other through barrier Raman techniques and presents a discussion on current research in defense and security applications.
Self-Defense Training for College Women.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cummings, Nina
1992-01-01
The article reviews relevant literature (which suggests women who convey confidence and assertiveness are less likely to be victimized), outlines initiatives, describes a model self-defense course, suggests guidelines for evaluation, and draws implications for university policy on violence against college women. (SM)
Cuperus, Tryntsje; Coorens, Maarten; van Dijk, Albert; Haagsman, Henk P
2013-11-01
Host defense peptides (HDPs) are important effector molecules of the innate immune system of vertebrates. These antimicrobial peptides are also present in invertebrates, plants and fungi. HDPs display broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities and fulfill an important role in the first line of defense of many organisms. It is becoming increasingly clear that in the animal kingdom the functions of HDPs are not confined to direct antimicrobial actions. Research in mammals has indicated that HDPs have many immunomodulatory functions and are also involved in other physiological processes ranging from development to wound healing. During the past five years our knowledge about avian HDPs has increased considerably. This review addresses our current knowledge on the evolution, regulation and biological functions of HDPs of birds. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-10
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Advisory Committee on Military Personnel... advisory committee meeting of the Defense Advisory Committee on Military Personnel Testing will take place... meeting is to review planned changes and progress in developing computerized tests for military enlistment...
32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...
32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...
32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...
32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...
32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...
Defense on the Move: Ant-Based Cyber Defense
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Fink, Glenn A.; Haack, Jereme N.; McKinnon, Archibald D.
Many common cyber defenses (like firewalls and IDS) are as static as trench warfare allowing the attacker freedom to probe them at will. The concept of Moving Target Defense (MTD) adds dynamism to the defender side, but puts the systems to be defended themselves in motion, potentially at great cost to the defender. An alternative approach is a mobile resilient defense that removes attackers’ ability to rely on prior experience without requiring motion in the protected infrastructure itself. The defensive technology absorbs most of the cost of motion, is resilient to attack, and is unpredictable to attackers. The Ant-Based Cybermore » Defense (ABCD) is a mobile resilient defense providing a set of roaming, bio-inspired, digital-ant agents working with stationary agents in a hierarchy headed by a human supervisor. The ABCD approach provides a resilient, extensible, and flexible defense that can scale to large, multi-enterprise infrastructures like the smart electric grid.« less
The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents.
Zhou, Gang; Shi, Qing-Shan; Huang, Xiao-Mo; Xie, Xiao-Bao
2015-09-09
Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances.
32 CFR 219.112 - Review by institution.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Review by institution. 219.112 Section 219.112 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS § 219.112 Review by institution. Research covered by this policy that...
76 FR 60473 - Membership of the Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-29
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Membership of the Performance Review Board AGENCY...: This notice announces the appointment of the Department of Defense, Fourth Estate, Performance Review... the Armed Forces and the following Defense Agencies: Defense Advance Research Projects Agency, Defense...
78 FR 13029 - Meeting of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-26
... Service Academies Briefings from Services --Briefing--Women in the Services Review Update Friday, March 15... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Meeting of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women... Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS). The purpose of the meeting is to introduce...
Lee, Jonathan L
2013-01-01
In February 2010, Secretary of Defense Robert Gates and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff Adm. Michael Mullen established the Comprehensive Review Working Group (CRWG) to conduct a comprehensive review of the issues associated with a repeal of Don't Ask, Don't Tell (DADT). Over the next 10 months, the CRWG undertook one of the most extensive studies of a personnel issue in the history of the U.S. military. This article describes the work and the findings of the CRWG (on which the author served) in the context of the activities within the Department of Defense (DoD) following President Obama's call for DADT repeal in his January 2010 State of the Union Address and leading up to the passage of the Don't Ask, Don't Tell Repeal Act in December 2010. It argues that the CRWG served a number of important functions in the DADT repeal process, particularly that it a) provided a rigorous, fact-based assessment of the impacts of repeal from which DoD senior leaders and Congress could base their views; b) developed a road map for a smooth and orderly implementation of repeal; and c) opened a conversation among military service members about what repeal would really mean to them. In doing so, the CRWG contributed to what has been a largely incident-free and successful transition to a post-DADT military.
Plant defense compounds: systems approaches to metabolic analysis.
Kliebenstein, Daniel J
2012-01-01
Systems biology attempts to answer biological questions by integrating across diverse genomic data sets. With the increasing ability to conduct genomics experiments, this integrative approach is being rapidly applied across numerous biological research communities. One of these research communities investigates how plants utilize secondary metabolites or defense metabolites to defend against attack by pathogens and other biotic organisms. This use of systems biology to integrate across transcriptomics, metabolomics, and genomics is significantly enhancing the rate of discovery of genes, metabolites, and bioactivities for plant defense compounds as well as extending our knowledge of how these compounds are regulated. Plant defense compounds are also providing a unique proving platform to develop new approaches that enhance the ability to conduct systems biology with existing and previously unforseen genomics data sets. This review attempts to illustrate both how systems biology is helping the study of plant defense compounds and vice versa.
Th17 cell cytokine secretion profile in host defense and autoimmunity.
Graeber, Kristen E; Olsen, Nancy J
2012-02-01
The goal of this review is to examine the effector functions of Th17 cells in host defense and autoimmunity. Published literature on Th17 cells was reviewed with a focus on the secreted products that mediate effector activities of these cells. Th17 cells secrete an array of cytokines that contribute to host defense and that bridge the innate and adaptive arms of the immune response. When this subset of T cells is dysregulated, autoimmune phenomena develop that contribute to the manifestations of many autoimmune diseases. Th17 cells are positioned at a crossroads between innate and adaptive immunity and provide mediators that are essential for host defense. Current interest in harnessing this system for treatment of autoimmune disease will be challenged by the need to avoid abrogating these many protective functions.
Chemical defense of early life stages of benthic marine invertebrates.
Lindquist, Niels
2002-10-01
Accurate knowledge of factors affecting the survival of early life stages of marine invertebrates is critically important for understanding their population dynamics and the evolution of their diverse reproductive and life-history characteristics. Chemical defense is an important determinant of survival for adult stages of many sessile benthic invertebrates, yet relatively little consideration has been given to chemical defenses at the early life stages. This review examines the taxonomic breadth of early life-stage chemical defense in relation to various life-history and reproductive characteristics, as well as possible constraints on the expression of chemical defense at certain life stages. Data on the localization of defensive secondary metabolites in larvae and the fitness-related consequences of consuming even a small amount of toxic secondary metabolites underpin proposals regarding the potential for Müllerian and Batesian mimicry to occur among marine larvae. The involvement of microbial symbionts in the chemical defense of early life stages illustrates its complexity for some species. As our knowledge of chemical defenses in early life stages grows, we will be able to more rigorously examine connections among phylogeny, chemical defenses, and the evolution of reproductive and life-history characteristics among marine invertebrates.
Growth–Defense Tradeoffs in Plants: A Balancing Act to Optimize Fitness
Huot, Bethany; Yao, Jian; Montgomery, Beronda L.; He, Sheng Yang
2014-01-01
Growth–defense tradeoffs are thought to occur in plants due to resource restrictions, which demand prioritization towards either growth or defense, depending on external and internal factors. These tradeoffs have profound implications in agriculture and natural ecosystems, as both processes are vital for plant survival, reproduction, and, ultimately, plant fitness. While many of the molecular mechanisms underlying growth and defense tradeoffs remain to be elucidated, hormone crosstalk has emerged as a major player in regulating tradeoffs needed to achieve a balance. In this review, we cover recent advances in understanding growth–defense tradeoffs in plants as well as what is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Specifically, we address evidence supporting the growth–defense tradeoff concept, as well as known interactions between defense signaling and growth signaling. Understanding the molecular basis of these tradeoffs in plants should provide a foundation for the development of breeding strategies that optimize the growth–defense balance to maximize crop yield to meet rising global food and biofuel demands. PMID:24777989
An Exploratory Analysis of the U.S. System of Major Defense Acquisition Utilizing the CLIOS Process
2009-09-01
SPENDING COUNTRIES .............................................20 1. The United States’ Defense Acquisition System..............................21 2...Improvement Initiatives ...............................................................20 Table 4. The Top 15 Military Spender Countries in 2008...other top military spending countries . It will end with a review of the major defense acquisition literature. This literature review will focus on
Waste-to-Energy: Hawaii and Guam Energy Improvement Technology Demonstration Project
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Davis, J.; Gelman, R.; Tomberlin, G.
2014-03-01
The National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) and the U.S. Navy have worked together to demonstrate new or leading-edge commercial energy technologies whose deployment will support the U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) in meeting its energy efficiency and renewable energy goals while enhancing installation energy security. This is consistent with the 2010 Quadrennial Defense Review report1 that encourages the use of 'military installations as a test bed to demonstrate and create a market for innovative energy efficiency and renewable energy technologies coming out of the private sector and DOD and Department of Energy laboratories,' as well as the July 2010 memorandummore » of understanding between DOD and the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) that documents the intent to 'maximize DOD access to DOE technical expertise and assistance through cooperation in the deployment and pilot testing of emerging energy technologies.' As part of this joint initiative, a promising waste-to-energy (WTE) technology was selected for demonstration at the Hickam Commissary aboard the Joint Base Pearl Harbor-Hickam (JBPHH), Hawaii. The WTE technology chosen is called high-energy densification waste-to-energy conversion (HEDWEC). HEDWEC technology is the result of significant U.S. Army investment in the development of WTE technology for forward operating bases.« less
Needed: Reincarnation of National Defense Education Act of 1958
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Harris, Mary M.; Miller, James R.
2005-06-01
This paper reviews the historical and current response of the United States to threats to its world leadership in scientific endeavors, with particular attention to the National Defense Education Act of 1958. The current status of the United States in mathematics, science, and engineering education is reviewed with respect to K-12 student achievement, K-12 teacher quality, numbers of degrees granted, and other indicators of international competitiveness. Concluding that we are a nation in peril, recommendations are made to enhance the likelihood that the United States will retain its preeminent position in science and technology and, therefore, provide for the national defense and economic wellbeing of citizens in an information age and global economy.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-22
... National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2013. Comments DoD published an interim final rule on May 11, 2012 (77 FR 27615). Fifty comments from twelve respondents were received and reviewed by the... year. Public Law 96-354, ``Regulatory Flexibility Act'' (5 U.S.C. 601) It has been certified that 32...
Detection technique of targets for missile defense system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Guo, Hua-ling; Deng, Jia-hao; Cai, Ke-rong
2009-11-01
Ballistic missile defense system (BMDS) is a weapon system for intercepting enemy ballistic missiles. It includes ballistic-missile warning system, target discrimination system, anti-ballistic-missile guidance systems, and command-control communication system. Infrared imaging detection and laser imaging detection are widely used in BMDS for surveillance, target detection, target tracking, and target discrimination. Based on a comprehensive review of the application of target-detection techniques in the missile defense system, including infrared focal plane arrays (IRFPA), ground-based radar detection technology, 3-dimensional imaging laser radar with a photon counting avalanche photodiode (APD) arrays and microchip laser, this paper focuses on the infrared and laser imaging detection techniques in missile defense system, as well as the trends for their future development.
32 CFR 724.102 - Naval Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.102 Section 724.102 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.102 Naval Discharge Review Board. An administrative board, referred...
32 CFR 724.102 - Naval Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.102 Section 724.102 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.102 Naval Discharge Review Board. An administrative board, referred...
Defense Primer: The National Defense Budget Function (050)
2017-03-17
in parenthesis). This defense primer addresses the National Defense Budget (050), which is frequently used to explain trends in military spending...but which also includes some activities not conducted by the Department of Defense. What Is the Purpose of the Budget Function System? The budget
Influence of IR sensor technology on the military and civil defense
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Becker, Latika
2006-02-01
Advances in basic infrared science and developments in pertinent technology applications have led to mature designs being incorporated in civil as well as military area defense systems. Military systems include both tactical and strategic, and civil area defense includes homeland security. Technical challenges arise in applying infrared sensor technology to detect and track targets for space and missile defense. Infrared sensors are valuable due to their passive capability, lower mass and power consumption, and their usefulness in all phases of missile defense engagements. Nanotechnology holds significant promise in the near future by offering unique material and physical properties to infrared components. This technology is rapidly developing. This presentation will review the current IR sensor technology, its applications, and future developments that will have an influence in military and civil defense applications.
32 CFR 724.402 - Naval Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.402 Section 724.402 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Principal Elements of the Navy Department Discharge Review System § 724.402 Naval...
32 CFR 724.402 - Naval Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.402 Section 724.402 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Principal Elements of the Navy Department Discharge Review System § 724.402 Naval...
The Three Bacterial Lines of Defense against Antimicrobial Agents
Zhou, Gang; Shi, Qing-Shan; Huang, Xiao-Mo; Xie, Xiao-Bao
2015-01-01
Antimicrobial agents target a range of extra- and/or intracellular loci from cytoplasmic wall to membrane, intracellular enzymes and genetic materials. Meanwhile, many resistance mechanisms employed by bacteria to counter antimicrobial agents have been found and reported in the past decades. Based on their spatially distinct sites of action and distribution of location, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria were categorized into three groups, coined the three lines of bacterial defense in this review. The first line of defense is biofilms, which can be formed by most bacteria to overcome the action of antimicrobial agents. In addition, some other bacteria employ the second line of defense, the cell wall, cell membrane, and encased efflux pumps. When antimicrobial agents permeate the first two lines of defense and finally reach the cytoplasm, many bacteria will make use of the third line of defense, including alterations of intracellular materials and gene regulation to protect themselves from harm by bactericides. The presented three lines of defense theory will help us to understand the bacterial resistance mechanisms against antimicrobial agents and design efficient strategies to overcome these resistances. PMID:26370986
36 CFR 1260.46 - How does the Department of Defense process referrals?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... National Declassification Center (NDC) § 1260.46 How does the Department of Defense process referrals? (a) The Department of Defense (DOD) established the Joint Referral Center (JRC) to review DOD agencies... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false How does the Department of...
36 CFR 1260.46 - How does the Department of Defense process referrals?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... National Declassification Center (NDC) § 1260.46 How does the Department of Defense process referrals? (a) The Department of Defense (DOD) established the Joint Referral Center (JRC) to review DOD agencies... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false How does the Department of...
A Sandia weapon review bulletin : defense programs, Autumn 1992.
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Not Available
1992-09-01
Topics in this issue: (1) Focal Point and STEP. Sandia National Laboratories has always focused its advanced weapon development not only on future weapon needs, but also on the engineering and manufacturing sciences needed to meet them. Both areas are changing dramatically. As the nation dismantles many of its warheads, it becomes essential that those that remain are increasingly reliable, secure, capable, and safe. And as development resources diminish, it becomes vital that they are applied to the most critical technologies in a disciplined manner. The mission of the Focal Point program and the Stockpile Transition Enabling Program (STEP) ismore » to develop processes for meeting these challenges. Focal Point offers a decision-making process for allocating Sandia's resources to meets its defense programs strategic goals. (2) Defense Programs news in brief. (3) Dismantling the nuclear stockpile. (4) W88/MK5: Arming, Fuzing, and Firing system meets all requirements and goals. (5) The Common Radar Fuze. (6) Insertable-explosive arming of firing sets. (7) Preparing for fewer underground tests.« less
Defense Science Board Task Force Report on Cyber Defense Management
2016-09-01
manage cyber security is often a verymanual and labor intensive process. When a crisis hits, DoD responses range from highly automatedand instrumented...DSB Task Force Report on Cyber Defense Management September 2016 (U) This page intentionally blank REPORT OF THE DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD STUDY ON Cyber ...DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY & LOGISTICS SUBJECT: Final Report of the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on Cyber Defense Management I am
Mechanisms to Mitigate the Trade-Off between Growth and Defense.
Karasov, Talia L; Chae, Eunyoung; Herman, Jacob J; Bergelson, Joy
2017-04-01
Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying critical implications for natural and agricultural populations. This review focuses on how costs are generated and whether and how they can be mitigated. Most well-characterized growth-defense trade-offs stem from antagonistic crosstalk among hormones rather than an identified metabolic expenditure. A primary way plants mitigate such costs is through restricted expression of resistance; this can be achieved through inducible expression of defense genes or by the concentration of defense to particular times or tissues. Defense pathways can be primed for more effective induction, and primed states can be transmitted to offspring. We examine the resistance ( R ) genes as a case study of how the toll of defense can be generated and ameliorated. The fine-scale regulation of R genes is critical to alleviate the burden of their expression, and the genomic organization of R genes into coregulatory modules reduces costs. Plants can also recruit protection from other species. Exciting new evidence indicates that a plant's genotype influences the microbiome composition, lending credence to the hypothesis that plants shape their microbiome to enhance defense. © 2017 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.
Mechanisms to Mitigate the Trade-Off between Growth and Defense
2017-01-01
Plants have evolved an array of defenses against pathogens. However, mounting a defense response frequently comes with the cost of a reduction in growth and reproduction, carrying critical implications for natural and agricultural populations. This review focuses on how costs are generated and whether and how they can be mitigated. Most well-characterized growth-defense trade-offs stem from antagonistic crosstalk among hormones rather than an identified metabolic expenditure. A primary way plants mitigate such costs is through restricted expression of resistance; this can be achieved through inducible expression of defense genes or by the concentration of defense to particular times or tissues. Defense pathways can be primed for more effective induction, and primed states can be transmitted to offspring. We examine the resistance (R) genes as a case study of how the toll of defense can be generated and ameliorated. The fine-scale regulation of R genes is critical to alleviate the burden of their expression, and the genomic organization of R genes into coregulatory modules reduces costs. Plants can also recruit protection from other species. Exciting new evidence indicates that a plant’s genotype influences the microbiome composition, lending credence to the hypothesis that plants shape their microbiome to enhance defense. PMID:28320784
Report on the first Quadrennial Technology Review (QTR)
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
None
2011-09-30
Access to clean, affordable, secure, and reliable energy has been a cornerstone of America’s economic growth. The Nation’s systems that produce, store, transmit, and use energy are falling short of U.S. needs. Maintaining energy security, bolstering U.S. competitiveness, and mitigating the environmental impacts of energy are long-standing challenges. Governments, consumers, and the private sector have worked for decades to address these challenges, yet they remain among the Nation’s most pressing issues. President Obama has articulated broad national energy goals for reducing U.S. dependence on oil, reducing pollution, and investing in research and development (R&D) for clean-energy technologies in the Unitedmore » States to create jobs. These include: Reducing oil imports by one-third by 2025; Supporting the deployment of 1 million electric vehicles on the road by 2015; Making non-residential buildings 20% more energy efficient by 2020; Deriving 80% of America's electricity from clean-energy sources by 2035; and Reducing greenhouse gas emissions by 175 by 2020 and 83% of 2050, from a 2005 baseline.« less
32 CFR 581.1 - Army Disability Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... review, at the request of any officer retired or released from active service, without pay, for physical... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Army Disability Review Board. 581.1 Section 581.1 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD...
Ground-Based Missile Defense (National Missile Defense): Is It Feasible?
2004-03-19
Westview Press), 191. 47 Ibid. 192. 48 Dr. Nicholas Berry, National Missile Defense: What Does It All Mean ? National Missile Defense: Views from Asia...153. 18 19 BIBLIOGRAPHY Berry, Nicholas. National Missile Defense: What Does It All Mean ? National Missile Defense: Views from Asia, Center for
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland Defense and Global Security
Defense for Policy ASD for Asian and Pacific Security Affairs ASD for Homeland Defense Global Security Special Operations/Low-Intensity Conflict Counternarcotics and Global Threats Stability and Humanitarian HomeOUSDP OfficesASD for Homeland Defense Global Security Assistant Secretary of Defense for Homeland
Vocational Education-Defense Establishment Collaboration: State-of-the-Practice Report.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Chalupsky, Albert B.; Peirano-Dalldorf, Marie R.
This report presents a review of the historical background, progress, and problems associated with the development of collaborative efforts between vocational education and various sectors of the defense establishment. Through extensive document review, supplemented by telephone and on-site discussions with educators and employers, the benefits…
2014-12-01
accompanying a bill for the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 to review encroachment on DOD’s test and training ranges. This...Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2014 mandated that we review DOD’s activities to prevent and mitigate encroachment at training ranges. This...Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Headquarters, Washington, D.C. Reno, Nevada Las Vegas, Nevada Department of the Interior
Student Papers on Strategic Defense Initiative.
1985-01-01
Initiative" NATO’s Sixteen Nations, November 1984, p. 18. 6. Europe, p. 45. 7. Macha Levinson, "Why Europe Fears SDI," International Defense Review...34Europe is Reluctant to Reach for the Stars." The Economist, 16 February 1985, pp. 45-46. Levinson, Macha . "Why Europe Fears SDI." International
32 CFR 724.403 - President, Naval Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false President, Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.403 Section 724.403 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL..., Naval Discharge Review Board. Supervises the Naval Discharge Review Board. (See subpart C). ...
32 CFR 724.403 - President, Naval Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false President, Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.403 Section 724.403 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL..., Naval Discharge Review Board. Supervises the Naval Discharge Review Board. (See subpart C). ...
75 FR 67697 - Membership of the Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-03
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Membership of the Performance Review Board AGENCY... appointment of the Office of the Secretary of Defense, Performance Review Board (PRB) members, to include the....S Court of Appeals for the Armed Forces and the following Defense Agencies: Defense Advance Research...
48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...
48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...
48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...
48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219.7106 Section 219.7106 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all...
U.S. Chemical Defense and the Third-World Threat
1990-01-04
Is the Chemical and Engineering Nw. 14 April 1986. 43 Report of the Chemical Warfare Review Comnission. 6-7. Unless otherwise stated the information...Best Available Copy (U.S.. Chemical Defense and the Third-World Threat N I A Monograph by Major Quentin W. Schillare Armor AUG2 1 4,A., - School...Security Clauipfca tiori) U.S. Chemical Defense and the Third-World Threat (") 12. PERSONAL AUTHOR(S) Major Quentin W. Schillare, USA 13a. TYPE OF REPORT
Implications of the Strategic Defense Initiative for ABM Treaty.
1986-02-01
are permitted to be developed only in deployed or is about to deploy non-limited sytems a fixed, land-based configuration. Thus, some having some ABM ...AIAl A Professional Paper 441 /February 1986 Implications of the Strategic Defense Initiative for ABM Treaty DTICF L) by Z -LECTE AUG 2 2 W58 George R...Ade i-ccd E Lj ,viL Implications of the Strategic Defense Initiative for the ABM Treaty GEORGE R. SCHNEITER Introduction The article first reviews the
Study of the measurement of defense style using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire.
Nishimura, R
1998-08-01
Two hundred and seventy healthy university students were surveyed in December 1995 using Bond's Defense Style Questionnaire (DSQ) to measure the subjects' defense mechanisms. At the same time, a survey using Byrne's R-S Scale (Repression-Sensitization Scale) of the MMPI (Minnesota multiphasic personality inventory) and five psychiatric symptom indexes (anxiety, sense of inadequacy, sensitivity, depression and impulsive anger) selected from the CMI (Cornell Medical Index-Health Questionnaire) was conducted. Three factors were extracted from the DSQ through factor analysis: immature defenses, neurotic defenses, and mature defenses. The results of analysis of variance revealed the following: (i) for anxiety and anxiety related symptoms, both immature defenses and neurotic defenses indicated principal effect; (ii) for impulsive anger and depression, immature defenses presented principal effect; and (iii) for sensitivity and impulsive anger, interaction between a mature defense style and neurotic defense style was noted. The relationship between defense styles and psychiatric symptoms in healthy people is studied in this paper.
32 CFR 724.204 - Eligibility for naval discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Eligibility for naval discharge review. 724.204 Section 724.204 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Authority/Policy for Departmental Discharge Review § 724.204 Eligibility for naval...
32 CFR 724.204 - Eligibility for naval discharge review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Eligibility for naval discharge review. 724.204 Section 724.204 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Authority/Policy for Departmental Discharge Review § 724.204 Eligibility for naval...
2016-09-01
manage cyber security is often a verymanual and labor intensive process. When a crisis hits, DoD responses range from highly automatedand instrumented...DSB Task Force Report on Cyber Defense Management September 2016 (U) This page intentionally blank REPORT OF THE DEFENSE SCIENCE BOARD STUDY ON Cyber ...DEFENSE FOR ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY & LOGISTICS SUBJECT: Final Report of the Defense Science Board (DSB) Task Force on Cyber Defense Management I am
Normalizing the Future Years Defense Program for Funding Policy Changes.
1997-01-01
IDA INSTITUTE FOR DEFENSE ANALYSES - Normalizing the Future Years Defense Program for Funding Policy Changes f James L. Wilson, Project... Policy Changes James L.Wilson, Project Leader Timothy J. Graves John A. Lobi Ronald E. Porten PREFACE This paper was prepared by the Institute for...to match the funding policies now in effect for the current and future years. This work was reviewed within IDA by Waynard C. Devers and Stanley A
Frendak to phenis to breivik: an examination of the imposed insanity defense.
Richie, William Donald; Alam, Farzana; Gazula, Lalitha; Embrack, Harold; Nathani, Milankumar; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy
2014-01-01
The imposition of the insanity defense is a complicated psycho-legal scenario. Globally, definitions of insanity differ from country to country. In a multitude of cases, a determination of insanity at the time of a criminal act means the offender will not be considered responsible for his or her action(s). In many jurisdictions, concerns have been raised that the insanity defense has been used to mitigate punishment, usually after a particularly heinous crime. In this review, the authors use three cases - Frendak, Phenis, and Breivik to demonstrate how the imposition of the insanity defense has been used for legal purposes in the past and present. In an effort to give more background to each of the above-mentioned cases, the writers have provided some details to aid comprehension. The authors offer recommendations for the ethical forensic evaluator unburdened by partisan allegiance and invested in the search for truth. This review article relies on peer-reviewed articles available from PubMed, Meharry Online Library, and legal dictionaries. We also cross-referenced reputable news sources to ensure the validity of the facts we present.
36 CFR § 1260.46 - How does the Department of Defense process referrals?
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... National Declassification Center (NDC) § 1260.46 How does the Department of Defense process referrals? (a) The Department of Defense (DOD) established the Joint Referral Center (JRC) to review DOD agencies... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 3 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true How does the Department of...
The DTIC Review. Volume 5, Number 4. Homeland Defense
2001-07-01
proliferated enormously in recent years. Approximately 19 nations currently produce cruise missiles of some type , while more than 75 countries possess them... types are deployed in 81 different countries. 14. http://www.ceip.org/programs/npp/cruise4.htm. 15. The United States Commission on National Security...MD WASHINGTON DC NATIONAL SECURITY AND INTERNATIONAL AFFAIRS DIV Biological Warfare Improved Defense Program Response Decision Tree Workshop, 29-30
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Crosby, Sean Michael; Doak, Justin E.; Haas, Jason Juedes.
2013-02-01
On September 5th and 6th, 2012, the Dynamic Defense Workshop: From Research to Practice brought together researchers from academia, industry, and Sandia with the goals of increasing collaboration between Sandia National Laboratories and external organizations, de ning and un- derstanding dynamic, or moving target, defense concepts and directions, and gaining a greater understanding of the state of the art for dynamic defense. Through the workshop, we broadened and re ned our de nition and understanding, identi ed new approaches to inherent challenges, and de ned principles of dynamic defense. Half of the workshop was devoted to presentations of current state-of-the-artmore » work. Presentation topics included areas such as the failure of current defenses, threats, techniques, goals of dynamic defense, theory, foundations of dynamic defense, future directions and open research questions related to dynamic defense. The remainder of the workshop was discussion, which was broken down into sessions on de ning challenges, applications to host or mobile environments, applications to enterprise network environments, exploring research and operational taxonomies, and determining how to apply scienti c rigor to and investigating the eld of dynamic defense.« less
Growth-defense tradeoffs in plants: a balancing act to optimize fitness.
Huot, Bethany; Yao, Jian; Montgomery, Beronda L; He, Sheng Yang
2014-08-01
Growth-defense tradeoffs are thought to occur in plants due to resource restrictions, which demand prioritization towards either growth or defense, depending on external and internal factors. These tradeoffs have profound implications in agriculture and natural ecosystems, as both processes are vital for plant survival, reproduction, and, ultimately, plant fitness. While many of the molecular mechanisms underlying growth and defense tradeoffs remain to be elucidated, hormone crosstalk has emerged as a major player in regulating tradeoffs needed to achieve a balance. In this review, we cover recent advances in understanding growth-defense tradeoffs in plants as well as what is known regarding the underlying molecular mechanisms. Specifically, we address evidence supporting the growth-defense tradeoff concept, as well as known interactions between defense signaling and growth signaling. Understanding the molecular basis of these tradeoffs in plants should provide a foundation for the development of breeding strategies that optimize the growth-defense balance to maximize crop yield to meet rising global food and biofuel demands. © The Author 2014. Published by the Molecular Plant Shanghai Editorial Office in association with Oxford University Press on behalf of CSPB and IPPE, SIBS, CAS.
Defensive Practice as ‘Fear-Based’ Practice: Social Work's Open Secret?
Whittaker, Andrew; Havard, Tirion
2016-01-01
Defensive practice has received attention through the Munro review of child protection, which has identified that current organisational cultures increase the likelihood of defensive practice. Whilst the wider socio-political climate that gives rise to defensive practice has been explored within the literature, little attention has been paid to the everyday realities of defensive practice. This paper reports the findings of a study into final year social work students' attitudes towards defensive practice within social work. Three focus groups were completed with a total of ninety final-year students that collected qualitative and quantitative data using interactive software. This paper examines how participants perceived defensive practice, both in general and when faced with real-life vignettes. Participants distinguished between pro-active behaviour (sins of commission) and passive behaviour (sins of omission), generally regarding the latter as less serious because it was less tangible and easier to attribute to more positive motives. Whilst the literature identifies defensive practice as deliberate behaviour, the focus group discussions suggest that it is a subtler and less conscious process. Whilst there was there was a general consensus about the nature of defensive practice, there was considerable disagreement about specific vignettes and several competing explanations are explored. PMID:27559220
22 CFR 120.2 - Designation of defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Designation of defense articles and defense services. 120.2 Section 120.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.2 Designation of defense articles and defense services. The Arms...
22 CFR 120.2 - Designation of defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Designation of defense articles and defense services. 120.2 Section 120.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.2 Designation of defense articles and defense services. The Arms...
22 CFR 120.2 - Designation of defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Designation of defense articles and defense services. 120.2 Section 120.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.2 Designation of defense articles and defense services. The Arms...
22 CFR 120.2 - Designation of defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Designation of defense articles and defense services. 120.2 Section 120.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.2 Designation of defense articles and defense services. The Arms...
22 CFR 120.44 - Foreign defense article or defense service.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... defense service means any article or service described on the U.S. Munitions List of non-U.S. origin... U.S. and foreign origin defense articles and defense services described on the U.S. Munitions List...
Defensive weapons and defense signals in plants: some metabolites serve both roles.
Maag, Daniel; Erb, Matthias; Köllner, Tobias G; Gershenzon, Jonathan
2015-02-01
The defense of plants against herbivores and pathogens involves the participation of an enormous range of different metabolites, some of which act directly as defensive weapons against enemies (toxins or deterrents) and some of which act as components of the complex internal signaling network that insures that defense is timed to enemy attack. Recent work reveals a surprising trend: The same compounds may act as both weapons and signals of defense. For example, two groups of well-studied defensive weapons, glucosinolates and benzoxazinoids, trigger the accumulation of the protective polysaccharide callose as a barrier against aphids and pathogens. In the other direction, several hormones acting in defense signaling (and their precursors and products) exhibit activity as weapons against pathogens. Knowing which compounds are defensive weapons, which are defensive signals and which are both is vital for understanding the functioning of plant defense systems. © 2015 WILEY Periodicals, Inc.
Defense-related proteins involved in sugarcane responses to biotic stress
Souza, Thais P.; Dias, Renata O.; Silva-Filho, Marcio C.
2017-01-01
Abstract Sugarcane is one of the most important agricultural crops in the world. However, pathogen infection and herbivore attack cause constant losses in yield. Plants respond to pathogen infection by inducing the expression of several protein types, such as glucanases, chitinases, thaumatins, peptidase inhibitors, defensins, catalases and glycoproteins. Proteins induced by pathogenesis are directly or indirectly involved in plant defense, leading to pathogen death or inducing other plant defense responses. Several of these proteins are induced in sugarcane by different pathogens or insects and have antifungal or insecticidal activity. In this review, defense-related proteins in sugarcane are described, with their putative mechanisms of action, pathogen targets and biotechnological perspectives. PMID:28222203
Defense Acquisition Research Journal. Volume 22, Number 4, Issue 75, October 2015
2016-04-20
effects of learning and forgetting on product quantity. International Journal of Production Research , 33(3), 777–794. Badiru, A. (2012). Half-life...of logistics and supply chain relationship literature and suggested research agenda. International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics...print) ISSN 2156-8405 (online) The Defense Acquisition Research Journal , formerly the Defense Acquisition Review Journal , is published quarterly by the
Kupffer cell complement receptor clearance function and host defense.
Loegering, D J
1986-01-01
Kupffer cells are well known to be important for normal host defense function. The development of methods to evaluate the in vivo function of specific receptors on Kupffer cells has made it possible to assess the role of these receptors in host defense. The rationale for studying complement receptors is based on the proposed important role of these receptors in host defense and on the observation that the hereditary deficiency of a complement receptor is associated with recurrent severe bacterial infections. The studies reviewed here demonstrate that forms of injury that are associated with depressed host defense including thermal injury, hemorrhagic shock, trauma, and surgery also cause a decrease in complement receptor clearance function. This decrease in Kupffer cell receptor clearance function was shown not to be the result of depressed hepatic blood flow or depletion of complement components. Complement receptor function was also depressed following the phagocytosis of particulates that are known to depress Kupffer cell host defense function. Endotoxemia and bacteremia also were associated with a depression of complement receptor function. Complement receptor function was experimentally depressed in uninjured animals by the phagocytosis of IgG-coated erythrocytes. There was a close association between the depression of complement receptor clearance function and increased susceptibility to the lethal effects of endotoxin and bacterial infection. These studies support the hypotheses that complement receptors on Kupffer cells are important for normal host defense and that depression of the function of these receptors impairs host defense.
Prophage-mediated defense against viral attack and viral counter-defense
Dedrick, Rebekah M.; Jacobs-Sera, Deborah; Guerrero Bustamante, Carlos A.; Garlena, Rebecca A.; Mavrich, Travis N.; Pope, Welkin H.; Reyes, Juan C Cervantes; Russell, Daniel A.; Adair, Tamarah; Alvey, Richard; Bonilla, J. Alfred; Bricker, Jerald S.; Brown, Bryony R.; Byrnes, Deanna; Cresawn, Steven G.; Davis, William B.; Dickson, Leon A.; Edgington, Nicholas P.; Findley, Ann M.; Golebiewska, Urszula; Grose, Julianne H.; Hayes, Cory F.; Hughes, Lee E.; Hutchison, Keith W.; Isern, Sharon; Johnson, Allison A.; Kenna, Margaret A.; Klyczek, Karen K.; Mageeney, Catherine M.; Michael, Scott F.; Molloy, Sally D.; Montgomery, Matthew T.; Neitzel, James; Page, Shallee T.; Pizzorno, Marie C.; Poxleitner, Marianne K.; Rinehart, Claire A.; Robinson, Courtney J.; Rubin, Michael R.; Teyim, Joseph N.; Vazquez, Edwin; Ware, Vassie C.; Washington, Jacqueline; Hatfull, Graham F.
2017-01-01
Temperate phages are common and prophages are abundant residents of sequenced bacterial genomes. Mycobacteriophages are viruses infecting mycobacterial hosts including Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium smegmatis, encompass substantial genetic diversity, and are commonly temperate. Characterization of ten Cluster N temperate mycobacteriophages reveals at least five distinct prophage-expressed viral defense systems that interfere with infection of lytic and temperate phages that are either closely-related (homotypic defense) or unrelated (heterotypic defense). Target specificity is unpredictable, ranging from a single target phage to one-third of those tested. The defense systems include a single-subunit restriction system, a heterotypic exclusion system, and a predicted (p)ppGpp synthetase, which blocks lytic phage growth, promotes bacterial survival, and enables efficient lysogeny. The predicted (p)ppGpp synthetase coded by the Phrann prophage defends against phage Tweety infection, but Tweety codes for a tetrapeptide repeat protein, gp54, that acts as a highly effective counter-defense system. Prophage-mediated viral defense offers an efficient mechanism for bacterial success in host-virus dynamics, and counter-defense promotes phage co-evolution. PMID:28067906
Optimal defense theory explains deviations from latitudinal herbivory defense hypothesis.
Kooyers, Nicholas J; Blackman, Benjamin K; Holeski, Liza M
2017-04-01
The latitudinal herbivory defense hypothesis (LHDH) postulates that the prevalence of species interactions, including herbivory, is greater at lower latitudes, leading to selection for increased levels of plant defense. While latitudinal defense clines may be caused by spatial variation in herbivore pressure, optimal defense theory predicts that clines could also be caused by ecogeographic variation in the cost of defense. For instance, allocation of resources to defense may not increase plant fitness when growing seasons are short and plants must reproduce quickly. Here we use a common garden experiment to survey genetic variation for constitutive and induced phenylpropanoid glycoside (PPG) concentrations across 35 Mimulus guttatus populations over a ~13° latitudinal transect. Our sampling regime is unique among studies of the LHDH in that it allows us to disentangle the effects of growing season length from those of latitude, temperature, and elevation. For five of the seven PPGs surveyed, we find associations between latitude and plant defense that are robust to population structure. However, contrary to the LHDH, only two PPGs were found at higher levels in low latitude populations, and total PPG concentrations were higher at higher latitudes. PPG levels are strongly correlated with growing season length, with higher levels of PPGs in plants from areas with longer growing seasons. Further, flowering time is positively correlated with the concentration of nearly all PPGs, suggesting that there may be a strong trade-off between development time and defense production. Our results reveal that ecogeographic patterns in plant defense may reflect variation in the cost of producing defense compounds in addition to variation in herbivore pressure. Thus, the biogeographic pattern predicted by the LHDH may not be accurate because the underlying factors driving variation in defense, in this case, growing season length, are not always associated with latitude in the same
Ballistic missile defense effectiveness
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lewis, George N.
2017-11-01
The potential effectiveness of ballistic missile defenses today remains a subject of debate. After a brief discussion of terminal and boost phase defenses, this chapter will focus on long-range midcourse defenses. The problems posed by potential countermeasures to such midcourse defenses are discussed as are the sensor capabilities a defense might have available to attempt to discriminate the actual missile warhead in a countermeasures environment. The role of flight testing in assessing ballistic missile defense effectiveness is discussed. Arguments made about effectiveness by missile defense supporters and critics are summarized.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-23
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket ID DOD-2011-OS-0055] Defense Logistics Agency Revised Regulation 1000.22, Environmental Considerations in Defense Logistics Agency Actions AGENCY: Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Revised Defense Logistics Agency...
Behavioral Sabotage of Plant Defenses by Insect Folivores.
Dussourd, David E
2017-01-31
Plant susceptibility to herbivore attack is determined not just by the suite of defenses present in different tissues of the plant, but also by the capabilities of the herbivore for tolerating, circumventing, or disarming the defenses. This article reviews the elaborate behaviors exhibited by leaf-chewing insects that appear to function specifically to deactivate hostplant defenses. Shortcomings in our understanding and promising areas for future research are highlighted. Behaviors covered include vein cutting, trenching, girdling, leaf clipping, and application of fluids from exocrine glands. Many of these behaviors have a widespread distribution, having evolved independently in multiple insect lineages. Insects utilizing the behaviors include significant agricultural, horticultural, and forestry pests, as well as numerous species important in natural ecosystems. Behavioral, ecological, and phylogenetic studies have documented the importance of the behaviors and their ancient history, but the molecular analysis of how the behaviors affect plant physiology has scarcely begun.
ERIC First Analysis: National Defense Commitments; 1982-83 National High School Debate Resolutions.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Wagner, David L.
The purpose of this booklet is to provide a brief overview of some of the issues involved in the 1982-83 high school debate resolutions, which focus on the defense commitments of the United States. The first of the booklet's four chapters provides a review of information sources for use in researching the topic of defense commitments. The…
Climate Change, CO2, and Defense: The Metabolic, Redox, and Signaling Perspectives.
Noctor, Graham; Mhamdi, Amna
2017-10-01
Ongoing human-induced changes in the composition of the atmosphere continue to stimulate interest in the effects of high CO 2 on plants, but its potential impact on inducible plant defense pathways remains poorly defined. Recently, several studies have reported that growth at elevated CO 2 is sufficient to induce defenses such as the salicylic acid pathway, thereby increasing plant resistance to pathogens. These reports contrast with evidence that defense pathways can be promoted by photorespiration, which is inhibited at high CO 2 . Here, we review signaling, metabolic, and redox processes modulated by CO 2 levels and discuss issues to be resolved in elucidating the relationships between primary metabolism, inducible defense, and biotic stress resistance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2011-12-01
Pennsylvania Emergency Management Agency QHSR Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report RCP Regional Catastrophic Preparedness SAA State...service has evolved from a single-purpose service focused on controlling fires to a multidimensional response element responsible for pre- hospital ... hospital preparedness program Preparedness Training for all personnel; training and network activities during prior year assist in preparedness
Silverleaf whitefly induces salicylic acid defenses and suppresses effectual jasmonic acid defenses.
Zarate, Sonia I; Kempema, Louisa A; Walling, Linda L
2007-02-01
The basal defenses important in curtailing the development of the phloem-feeding silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci type B; SLWF) on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were investigated. Sentinel defense gene RNAs were monitored in SLWF-infested and control plants. Salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene transcripts accumulated locally (PR1, BGL2, PR5, SID2, EDS5, PAD4) and systemically (PR1, BGL2, PR5) during SLWF nymph feeding. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene-dependent RNAs (PDF1.2, VSP1, HEL, THI2.1, FAD3, ERS1, ERF1) were repressed or not modulated in SLWF-infested leaves. To test for a role of SA and JA pathways in basal defense, SLWF development on mutant and transgenic lines that constitutively activate or impair defense pathways was determined. By monitoring the percentage of SLWF nymphs in each instar, we show that mutants that activate SA defenses (cim10) or impair JA defenses (coi1) accelerated SLWF nymphal development. Reciprocally, mutants that activate JA defenses (cev1) or impair SA defenses (npr1, NahG) slowed SLWF nymphal development. Furthermore, when npr1 plants, which do not activate downstream SA defenses, were treated with methyl jasmonate, a dramatic delay in nymph development was observed. Collectively, these results showed that SLWF-repressed, JA-regulated defenses were associated with basal defense to the SLWF.
32 CFR 581.2 - Army Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Army Discharge Review Board. 581.2 Section 581.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD... the efficient overall operation and support of the ADRB panels. (ii) Authenticates the case report and...
32 CFR 581.2 - Army Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Army Discharge Review Board. 581.2 Section 581.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD... the efficient overall operation and support of the ADRB panels. (ii) Authenticates the case report and...
32 CFR 581.2 - Army Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Army Discharge Review Board. 581.2 Section 581.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD... the efficient overall operation and support of the ADRB panels. (ii) Authenticates the case report and...
32 CFR 581.2 - Army Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Army Discharge Review Board. 581.2 Section 581.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD... the efficient overall operation and support of the ADRB panels. (ii) Authenticates the case report and...
32 CFR 581.2 - Army Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Army Discharge Review Board. 581.2 Section 581.2 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD... the efficient overall operation and support of the ADRB panels. (ii) Authenticates the case report and...
Pre-Service Teachers' Defensive Pessimism in Situ: Two Case Studies within a Mathematics Classroom
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Merz, Alice H.; Swim, Terri Jo
2008-01-01
In this study, defensive pessimism is reviewed in relation to anxiety, self-esteem, expectations, self-regulation, and self-handicapping. Then, two case studies of American pre-service teachers in a mathematics classroom are provided that move the research beyond survey and correlational studies. In the case analyses, defensive pessimists'…
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Harvey, H.
1988-09-01
In introducing this group of articles on nonoffensive defense the author notes that the prospect of nuclear disarmament in Europe is boosting ideas, which have been around for a decade, from theory to politics. This special section of articles looks at an emerging theory that may reduce reliance on nuclear weapons by bringing stability to the conventional standoff in central Europe. The idea is to rearrange conventional forces so that they can defend but not attack. Under such monikers as nonoffensive defense (the main term used in these articles), nonprovocative defense, defensive defense, reasonable sufficiency, and mutual defensive superiority, thesemore » proposals suggest that nations can restructure weapons, personnel, and strategy to assure their own military security without posing a threat to other nations. 5 refs.« less
Missile Defense: Ballistic Missile Defense System Testing Delays Affect Delivery of Capabilities
2016-04-28
Page 1 GAO- 16 -339R Ballistic Missile Defense 441 G St. N.W. Washington, DC 20548 April 28, 2016 Congressional Committees Missile Defense...Ballistic Missile Defense System Testing Delays Affect Delivery of Capabilities For over half a century , the Department of Defense (DOD) has been...81, § 232 (a) (2011). 2 GAO- 16 -339R Ballistic Missile Defense baselines, we analyzed the testing goals for selected elements, which are
75 FR 56999 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-17
... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY... the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review... performance review boards. The PRB shall review and evaluate the initial summary rating of the senior...
Frendak to Phenis to Breivik: An Examination of the Imposed Insanity Defense
Richie, William Donald; Alam, Farzana; Gazula, Lalitha; Embrack, Harold; Nathani, Milankumar; Bailey, Rahn Kennedy
2014-01-01
The imposition of the insanity defense is a complicated psycho-legal scenario. Globally, definitions of insanity differ from country to country. In a multitude of cases, a determination of insanity at the time of a criminal act means the offender will not be considered responsible for his or her action(s). In many jurisdictions, concerns have been raised that the insanity defense has been used to mitigate punishment, usually after a particularly heinous crime. In this review, the authors use three cases – Frendak, Phenis, and Breivik to demonstrate how the imposition of the insanity defense has been used for legal purposes in the past and present. In an effort to give more background to each of the above-mentioned cases, the writers have provided some details to aid comprehension. The authors offer recommendations for the ethical forensic evaluator unburdened by partisan allegiance and invested in the search for truth. This review article relies on peer-reviewed articles available from PubMed, Meharry Online Library, and legal dictionaries. We also cross-referenced reputable news sources to ensure the validity of the facts we present. PMID:25520672
A two-dimensional neuropsychology of defense: fear/anxiety and defensive distance.
McNaughton, Neil; Corr, Philip J
2004-05-01
We present in this paper a picture of the neural systems controlling defense that updates and simplifies Gray's "Neuropsychology of Anxiety". It is based on two behavioural dimensions: 'defensive distance' as defined by the Blanchards and 'defensive direction'. Defensive direction is a categorical dimension with avoidance of threat corresponding to fear and approach to threat corresponding to anxiety. These two psychological dimensions are mapped to underlying neural dimensions. Defensive distance is mapped to neural level, with the shortest defensive distances involving the lowest neural level (periaqueductal grey) and the largest defensive distances the highest neural level (prefrontal cortex). Defensive direction is mapped to separate parallel streams that run across these levels. A significant departure from prior models is the proposal that both fear and anxiety are represented at all levels. The theory is presented in a simplified form that does not incorporate the interactions that must occur between non-adjacent levels of the system. It also requires expansion to include the dimension of escapability of threat. Our current development and these proposed future extensions do not change the core concepts originally proposed by Gray and, we argue, demonstrate their enduring value.
Resolution of growth-defense conflict: mechanistic insights from jasmonate signaling.
Guo, Qiang; Major, Ian T; Howe, Gregg A
2018-03-16
Induced plant resistance depends on the production of specialized metabolites that repel attack by biotic aggressors and is often associated with reduced growth of vegetative tissues. Despite progress in understanding the signal transduction networks that control growth-defense tradeoffs, much remains to be learned about how growth rate is coordinated with changes in metabolism during growth-to-defense transitions. Here, we highlight recent advances in jasmonate research to suggest how a major branch of plant immunity is dynamically regulated to calibrate growth-defense balance with shifts in carbon availability. We review evidence that diminished growth, as an integral facet of induced resistance, may optimize the temporal and spatial expression of defense compounds without compromising other critical roles of central metabolism. New insights into the evolution of jasmonate signaling further suggest that opposing selective pressures associated with too much or too little defense may have shaped the emergence of a modular jasmonate pathway that integrates primary and specialized metabolism through the control of repressor-transcription factor complexes. A better understanding of the mechanistic basis of growth-defense balance has important implications for boosting plant productivity, including insights into how these tradeoffs may be uncoupled for agricultural improvement. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Gidycz, Christine A; Dardis, Christina M
2014-10-01
There remains resistance to feminist self-defense and resistance training programming for women, despite (a) documented effectiveness of rape resistance strategies in avoiding rape, (b) consistently high rates of sexual victimization on college campuses, and (c) limited evidence of lasting change in sexual assault perpetration reduction within existing men's prevention programs. The current article seeks to discuss (1) the rationale for feminist self-defense and resistance training for women, (2) key components of feminist self-defense and resistance training, (3) barriers to its implementation, (4) outcomes of self-defense and resistance training programming, and (5) recommendations for future work. Such suggestions include increasing funding for large-scale self-defense and rape resistance outcome research to examine program effectiveness. Specifically, outcome research that examines the role of contextual factors (e.g., alcohol use) and women's victimization histories is needed. Finally, self-defense training and resistance training should be combined with bystander intervention and men's programs with the goal of providing synergistic effects on rape reduction. © The Author(s) 2014.
Assessment of Ukranian National Defense Policy
2012-03-09
Romanian- Slovakian-Hungarian engineer battalion “Tisa”, as a rapid reaction force with the mission of natural disaster relief in the Carpathian region...threats (Army’s multifunctional NBC protection and engineer units) and experience of their using ( Chernobyl nuclear plant in 1986, humanitarian...man-made disasters was exemplified by the 2011 nuclear catastrophe in Japan. Moreover, based on the results of the Strategic Defense Review in Ukraine
32 CFR 581.1 - Army Disability Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Army Disability Review Board. 581.1 Section 581.1 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL REVIEW BOARD... administrative agency created within the Department of the Army under authority of section 302, title I, Act of...
Section 847 Requirements for Senior Defense Officials Seeking Employment with Defense Contractors
2016-03-31
847 Requirements for Senior Defense Officials Seeking Employment with Defense Contractors M A R C H 3 1 , 2 0 1 6 Report No. DODIG-2016-070...Senior Defense Officials Seeking Employment with Defense Contractors Visit us at www.dodig.mil March 31, 2016 Objectives The objectives of our project...description of future duties from a Defense contractor . • Some ethics officials issued nonspecific post-Government employment guidance as a Section 847
32 CFR 148.3 - Security review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Security review. 148.3 Section 148.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Agency review. 148.6 Section 148.6 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
32 CFR 148.3 - Security review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Security review. 148.3 Section 148.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
32 CFR 148.3 - Security review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Security review. 148.3 Section 148.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
32 CFR 148.3 - Security review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Security review. 148.3 Section 148.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Agency review. 148.6 Section 148.6 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
32 CFR 148.3 - Security review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Security review. 148.3 Section 148.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Agency review. 148.6 Section 148.6 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Agency review. 148.6 Section 148.6 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN NATIONAL POLICY AND IMPLEMENTATION OF RECIPROCITY OF FACILITIES National Policy on Reciprocity of Use and...
Plant innate immunity: an updated insight into defense mechanism.
Muthamilarasan, Mehanathan; Prasad, Manoj
2013-06-01
Plants are invaded by an array of pathogens of which only a few succeed in causing disease. The attack by others is countered by a sophisticated immune system possessed by the plants. The plant immune system is broadly divided into two, viz. microbial-associated molecular-patterns-triggered immunity (MTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI). MTI confers basal resistance, while ETI confers durable resistance, often resulting in hypersensitive response. Plants also possess systemic acquired resistance (SAR), which provides long-term defense against a broad-spectrum of pathogens. Salicylic-acid-mediated systemic acquired immunity provokes the defense response throughout the plant system during pathogen infection at a particular site. Trans-generational immune priming allows the plant to heritably shield their progeny towards pathogens previously encountered. Plants circumvent the viral infection through RNA interference phenomena by utilizing small RNAs. This review summarizes the molecular mechanisms of plant immune system, and the latest breakthroughs reported in plant defense. We discuss the plant–pathogen interactions and integrated defense responses in the context of presenting an integral understanding in plant molecular immunity.
Insights from human studies into the host defense against candidiasis.
Filler, Scott G
2012-04-01
Candida spp. are the most common cause of mucosal and disseminated fungal infections in humans. Studies using mutant strains of mice have provided initial information about the roles of dectin-1, CARD9, and Th17 cytokines in the host defense against candidiasis. Recent technological advances have resulted in the identification of mutations in specific genes that predispose humans to develop candidal infection. The analysis of individuals with these mutations demonstrates that dectin-1 is critical for the host defense against vulvovaginal candidiasis and candidal colonization of the gastrointestinal tract. They also indicate that CARD9 is important for preventing both mucosal and disseminated candidiasis, whereas the Th17 response is necessary for the defense against mucocutaneous candidiasis. This article reviews the recent studies of genetic defects in humans that result in an increased susceptibility to candidiasis and discusses how these studies provide new insight into the host defense against different types of candidal infections. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Multifaceted Defense against Listeria monocytogenes in the Gastro-Intestinal Lumen
Becattini, Simone; Pamer, Eric G.
2017-01-01
Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause febrile gastroenteritis in healthy subjects and systemic infections in immunocompromised individuals. Despite the high prevalence of L. monocytogenes in the environment and frequent contamination of uncooked meat and poultry products, infections with this pathogen are relatively uncommon, suggesting that protective defenses in the general population are effective. In the mammalian gastrointestinal tract, a variety of defense mechanisms prevent L. monocytogenes growth, epithelial penetration and systemic dissemination. Among these defenses, colonization resistance mediated by the gut microbiota is crucial in protection against a range of intestinal pathogens, including L. monocytogenes. Here we review defined mechanisms of defense against L. monocytogenes in the lumen of the gastro-intestinal tract, with particular emphasis on protection conferred by the autochthonous microbiota. We suggest that selected probiotic species derived from the microbiota may be developed for eventual clinical use to enhance resistance against L. monocytogenes infections. PMID:29271903
Nest defense- Grassland bird responses to snakes
Ellison, Kevin S.; Ribic, Christine
2012-01-01
Predation is the primary source of nest mortality for most passerines; thus, behaviors to reduce the impacts of predation are frequently quantified to study learning, adaptation, and coevolution among predator and prey species. Video surveillance of nests has made it possible to examine real-time parental nest defense. During 1999-2009, we used video camera systems to monitor 518 nests of grassland birds. We reviewed video of 48 visits by snakes to 34 nests; 37 of these visits resulted in predation of active nests. When adult birds encountered snakes at the nest (n = 33 visits), 76% of the encounters resulted in a form of nest defense (nonaggressive or aggressive); in 47% of the encounters, birds physically struck snakes. When defending nests, most birds pecked at the snakes; Eastern Meadowlarks (Sturnella magna) and Bobolinks (Dolichonyx oryzivorus) pecked most frequently in anyone encounter. Also, two Eastern Meadowlarks ran around snakes, frequently with wings spread, and three Bobolinks struck at snakes from the air. Nest defense rarely appeared to alter snake behavior; the contents of seven nests defended aggressively and two nests defended nonaggressively were partially depredated, whereas the contents of six nests defended each way were consumed completely. One fledgling was produced at each of three nests that had been aggressively defended. During aggressive defense, one snake appeared to be driven away and one was wounded. Our findings should be a useful starting point for further research. For example, future researchers may be able to determine whether the behavioral variation we observed in nest defense reflects species differences, anatomic or phylogenetic constraints, or individual differences related to a bird's prior experience. There appears to be much potential for studying nest defense behavior using video recording of both real and simulated encounters.
32 CFR 865.122 - Summary of statistics for Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Summary of statistics for Discharge Review Board. 865.122 Section 865.122 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE... statistics for Discharge Review Board. The Air Force Discharge Review Board shall prepare and provide to the...
Natural History of Innate Host Defense Peptides.
Linde, A; Wachter, B; Höner, O P; Dib, L; Ross, C; Tamayo, A R; Blecha, F; Melgarejo, T
2009-12-01
Host defense peptides act on the forefront of innate immunity, thus playing a central role in the survival of animals and plants. Despite vast morphological changes in species through evolutionary history, all animals examined to date share common features in their innate immune defense strategies, hereunder expression of host defense peptides (HDPs). Most studies on HDPs have focused on humans, domestic and laboratory animals. More than a thousand different sequences have been identified, yet data on HDPs in wild-living animals are sparse. The biological functions of HDPs include broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and immunomodulation. Natural selection and coevolutionary host-pathogen arms race theory suggest that the extent and specificity of the microbial load influences the spectrum and potency of HDPs in different species. Individuals of extant species-that have lived for an extended period in evolutionary history amid populations with intact processes of natural selection-likely possess the most powerful and well-adapted "natural antibiotics". Research on the evolutionary history of the innate defense system and the host in context of the consequences of challenges as well as the efficacy of the innate immune system under natural conditions is therefore of immediate interest. This review focuses on evolutionary aspects of immunophysiology, with emphasis on innate effector molecules. Studies on host defense in wild-living animals may significantly enhance our understanding of inborn immune mechanisms, and help identify molecules that may assist us to cope better with the increasing microbial challenges that likely follow from the continuous amplification of biodiversity levels on Earth.
Chemerin regulation and role in host defense.
Zabel, Brian A; Kwitniewski, Mateusz; Banas, Magdalena; Zabieglo, Katarzyna; Murzyn, Krzysztof; Cichy, Joanna
2014-01-01
Chemerin is a widely distributed multifunctional secreted protein implicated in immune cell migration, adipogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and glucose homeostasis. Chemerin message is regulated by nuclear receptor agonists, metabolic signaling proteins and intermediates, and proinflammatory cytokines. Following translation chemerin is secreted as an inactive pro-protein, and its secretion can be regulated depending on cell type. Chemerin bioactivity is largely dependent on carboxyl-terminal proteolytic processing and removal of inhibitory residues. Chemerin is abundant in human epidermis where it is well-placed to provide barrier protection. In host defense, chemerin plays dual roles as a broad spectrum antimicrobial protein and as a leukocyte attractant for macrophages, dendritic cells, and NK cells. Here we review the mechanisms underlying chemerin regulation and its function in host defense.
Teaching Psychological Defense Mechanisms: "The Defense Mechanisms Game."
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Waugh, Charles G.
1980-01-01
Presents the rules for an educational game in which students reinforce psychology lecture material by creating and dramatizing defense mechanisms such as reaction formation, displacement, and fantasy. Provides definitions and examples of the various defense mechanisms that can be portrayed. (JP)
Defense islands in bacterial and archaeal genomes and prediction of novel defense systems.
Makarova, Kira S; Wolf, Yuri I; Snir, Sagi; Koonin, Eugene V
2011-11-01
The arms race between cellular life forms and viruses is a major driving force of evolution. A substantial fraction of bacterial and archaeal genomes is dedicated to antivirus defense. We analyzed the distribution of defense genes and typical mobilome components (such as viral and transposon genes) in bacterial and archaeal genomes and demonstrated statistically significant clustering of antivirus defense systems and mobile genes and elements in genomic islands. The defense islands are enriched in putative operons and contain numerous overrepresented gene families. A detailed sequence analysis of the proteins encoded by genes in these families shows that many of them are diverged variants of known defense system components, whereas others show features, such as characteristic operonic organization, that are suggestive of novel defense systems. Thus, genomic islands provide abundant material for the experimental study of bacterial and archaeal antivirus defense. Except for the CRISPR-Cas systems, different classes of defense systems, in particular toxin-antitoxin and restriction-modification systems, show nonrandom clustering in defense islands. It remains unclear to what extent these associations reflect functional cooperation between different defense systems and to what extent the islands are genomic "sinks" that accumulate diverse nonessential genes, particularly those acquired via horizontal gene transfer. The characteristics of defense islands resemble those of mobilome islands. Defense and mobilome genes are nonrandomly associated in islands, suggesting nonadaptive evolution of the islands via a preferential attachment-like mechanism underpinned by the addictive properties of defense systems such as toxins-antitoxins and an important role of horizontal mobility in the evolution of these islands.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-08-25
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket ID: DOD-2011-OS-0055] Defense Logistics Agency Revised Regulation 1000.22, Environmental Considerations in Defense Logistics Agency Actions AGENCY: Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Comment Addressed on Notice of...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-18
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [DOCKET ID DOD-2011-OS-0055] Defense Logistics Agency Revised Regulation 1000.22, Environmental Considerations in Defense Logistics Agency Actions AGENCY: Defense Logistics Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Notice of Availability (NOA) of Revised...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-12-08
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Intelligence Agency National Defense Intelligence College Board of Visitors Closed Meeting AGENCY: National Defense Intelligence College, Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Notice of Closed Meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-05-19
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Intelligence Agency National Defense Intelligence College Board of Visitors Closed Meeting AGENCY: National Defense Intelligence College, Defense Intelligence Agency, Department of Defense. ACTION: Notice of Closed Meeting. SUMMARY: Pursuant to the...
Defense Human Resources Activity > PERSEREC
Skip to main content (Press Enter). Toggle navigation Defense Human Resources Activity Search Search Defense Human Resources Activity: Search Search Defense Human Resources Activity: Search Defense Human Resources Activity U.S. Department of Defense Defense Human Resources Activity Overview
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DOD), Battle Creek, MI.
A description of the laws and orders that provide necessary legal authorization for civil defense activities is provided. In addition, an outline of the responsibilities of all governments and the role of the private sector in civil defense is presented. Topics discussed include: (1) Legal authority for civil defense, (2) Civil defense…
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-08-27
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Renewal of Department of Defense Federal Advisory Committee; Missile Defense Advisory Committee AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Renewal of..., the Department of Defense gives notice that it is renewing the charter for the Missile Defense...
Zhu, Feng; Zhou, Yang-Kai; Ji, Zhao-Lin; Chen, Xiao-Ren
2018-01-01
Ribosome-inactivating proteins (RIPs) are toxic N-glycosidases that depurinate eukaryotic and prokaryotic rRNAs, thereby arresting protein synthesis during translation. RIPs are widely found in various plant species and within different tissues. It is demonstrated in vitro and in transgenic plants that RIPs have been connected to defense by antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, and insecticidal activities. However, the mechanism of these effects is still not completely clear. There are a number of reviews of RIPs. However, there are no reviews on the biological functions of RIPs in defense against pathogens and insect pests. Therefore, in this report, we focused on the effect of RIPs from plants in defense against pathogens and insect pest attacks. First, we summarize the three different types of RIPs based on their physical properties. RIPs are generally distributed in plants. Then, we discuss the distribution of RIPs that are found in various plant species and in fungi, bacteria, algae, and animals. Various RIPs have shown unique bioactive properties including antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, and insecticidal activity. Finally, we divided the discussion into the biological roles of RIPs in defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insects. This review is focused on the role of plant RIPs in defense against bacteria, fungi, viruses, and insect attacks. The role of plant RIPs in defense against pathogens and insects is being comprehended currently. Future study utilizing transgenic technology approaches to study the mechanisms of RIPs will undoubtedly generate a better comprehending of the role of plant RIPs in defense against pathogens and insects. Discovering additional crosstalk mechanisms between RIPs and phytohormones or reactive oxygen species (ROS) against pathogen and insect infections will be a significant subject in the field of biotic stress study. These studies are helpful in revealing significance of genetic control that can be beneficial to
Plant defense activators: applications and prospects in cereal crops
USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database
This review addresses the current understanding of the plant immune response and the molecular mechanisms responsible for systemic acquired resistance as well as the phenomenon of "priming" in plant defense. A detailed discussion of the role of salicylic acid in activating the plant transcription c...
77 FR 54570 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-09-05
... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY... the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review.... The PRB shall review and evaluate the initial summary rating of the senior executive's performance...
Radiological Defense. Textbook.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DOD), Washington, DC.
This textbook has been prepared under the direction of the Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DCPA) Staff College for use as a student reference manual in radiological defense (RADEF) courses. It provides much of the basic technical information necessary for a proper understanding of radiological defense and summarizes RADEF planning and expected…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Defense Civil Preparedness Agency (DOD), Battle Creek, MI.
An explanation of the need for civil defense in nuclear and natural disasters is presented. A brief historical background of civil defense is given. Major topics include: (1) Types of disasters, (2) Probable objectives of a nuclear attack on the United States, (3) The major defensive measures against a nuclear attack, (4) Some reasons for low…
32 CFR 865.120 - Discharge review standards.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Discharge review standards. 865.120 Section 865.120 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ORGANIZATION AND... of Defense to determine whether proper grounds exist for the issuance of a less than honorable...
32 CFR 865.120 - Discharge review standards.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discharge review standards. 865.120 Section 865.120 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE ORGANIZATION AND... of Defense to determine whether proper grounds exist for the issuance of a less than honorable...
Physics of a ballistic missile defense - The chemical laser boost-phase defense
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
Grabbe, Crockett L.
1988-01-01
The basic physics involved in proposals to use a chemical laser based on satellites for a boost-phase defense are investigated. After a brief consideration of simple physical conditions for the defense, a calculation of an equation for the number of satellites needed for the defense is made along with some typical values of this for possible future conditions for the defense. Basic energy and power requirements for the defense are determined. A sumary is made of probable minimum conditions that must be achieved for laser power, targeting accuracy, number of satellites, and total sources for power needed.
FORUM - U.S. Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates addresses the audience as Canadian Minister of National issues that Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates and Canadian Defense Minister Peter MacKay discussed during a bilateral meeting here today. Story | Transcript U.S., Canadian Defense Chiefs Answer Afghanistan
48 CFR 201.170 - Peer Reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... Section 201.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT... Peer Reviews, the military departments, defense agencies, and DoD field activities shall provide a... departments, defense agencies, and DoD field activities shall establish procedures for— (1) Pre-award Peer...
48 CFR 201.170 - Peer Reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... Section 201.170 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT... Peer Reviews, the military departments, defense agencies, and DoD field activities shall provide a... departments, defense agencies, and DoD field activities shall establish procedures for— (1) Pre-award Peer...
The Eleventh Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation. Main Report
2012-06-01
Banks are reluctant to lend money and home equities have plunged roughly 30 percent from the market peak in 2007. The unemployment rate, at 8.1...Introduction Figure 1-1. High-quality Enlistments versus Unemployment Chapter 2. Military Compensation Figure 2-1. Major Components of Military...compensation with the private sector —an understanding of which serves as a useful foundation for examining specific elements of the compensation system
Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (5th). Executive Summary.
1984-01-01
COMBINATION Any proposed legislation to modify the current retire- ment system by reducing retired pay must stress the absolute requirement that a form of...Hazardous Duty Incentive Pays: — Parachute Duty — Flight Deck Duty -- Demolition Duty — Toxic Fuels and — Experimental Stress Duty Propellants — Non...3) Experimental Stress Duty Pay - an incentive for performance of hazardous duty while participating in acceleration/ deceleration testing, thermal
32 CFR 70.9 - Discharge review standards.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Discharge review standards. 70.9 Section 70.9 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN... change in discharge. Neither a DRB nor the Secretary of the Military Department concerned shall be bound...
32 CFR 70.9 - Discharge review standards.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Discharge review standards. 70.9 Section 70.9 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE PERSONNEL, MILITARY AND CIVILIAN... change in discharge. Neither a DRB nor the Secretary of the Military Department concerned shall be bound...
32 CFR 239.13 - Program performance reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Program performance reviews. 239.13 Section 239.13 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED... HAPMIS and CEFMS reports) at the Headquarters Department of the Army and at the DUSD(I&E) levels. ...
Root symbionts: Powerful drivers of plant above- and belowground indirect defenses.
Rasmann, Sergio; Bennett, Alison; Biere, Arjen; Karley, Alison; Guerrieri, Emilio
2017-12-01
Soil microbial mutualists of plants, including mycorrhizal fungi, non-mycorrhizal fungi and plant growth promoting rhizobacteria, have been typically characterized for increasing nutrient acquisition and plant growth. More recently, soil microbes have also been shown to increase direct plant defense against above- and belowground herbivores. Plants, however, do not only rely on direct defenses when attacked, but they can also recruit pest antagonists such as predators and parasitoids, both above and belowground, mainly via the release of volatile organic compounds (i.e., indirect defenses). In this review, we illustrate the main features and effects of soil microbial mutualists of plants on plant indirect defenses and discuss possible applications within the framework of sustainable crop protection against root- and shoot-feeding arthropod pests. We indicate the main knowledge gaps and the future challenges to be addressed in the study and application of these multifaceted interactions. © 2017 Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences.
Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 14, Number 1, February 2007
2007-02-01
price, delivery schedules, or policies, such as the Berry Amendment Specialty Metals Clause,3 Critical Safety Items (CSI),4 and Business System Status...management, quality assurance, client care and subcontractor management. Ms. Shaw holds a BS in Business from University of Baltimore and a masters in...William Kleiner Matthew Popham A Business Model for Defense Acquisition under the Modular Open Systems Approach Eugene Gholz Decision Support for Best
Review and Implementation Status of Prior Defense Business Board Recommendations
2007-04-01
Resource Management • Support unified models for shared services , and be prepared to adjust forward approaches for a Unified Medical Command...models for shared services – including by and between Veterans Affairs and Defense, electronic information exchange, disease treatment and prevention...www.dod.mil/dbb/pdf/DBB- Report-on-the-Military.pdf. • Continue to support unified models for shared services – including by and between Veterans Affairs
Small Business Manufacturing--An Important Component of the U.S. Defense Industrial Base
1993-04-01
Armed Forces in 1993, Mr. Williams is assigned to the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management ) in the Pentagon. - ii - SMALL BUSINESS ...AD-A276 756 1993 Executive Research Project RS1 Small Business Manufacturing -- An Important Component of the U.S. Defense Industrial Base Mr...paper comprises a review of the contribution of the small - and medium-sized manufacturing business sector to the US defense industrial base, the state
Department Of Defense Science And Technology Invigoration
2002-02-01
38 Army Science Board, Summer Study, 1982. 39 Hamel, G. and Prahalad , C.K., “ Strategic Intent ,” Harvard Business Review, May-June 1989, 63-76... strategic intent (aggressively stretching resources rather than fitting resources) and core competence (collective learning in an organization...system and defense-related industry. 3. Develop a strategic plan for the DOD S&T infrastructure of the future, defining the complementary roles of
Empirical research on the insanity defense and attempted reforms: evidence toward informed policy.
Borum, R; Fulero, S M
1999-06-01
The paper addresses some common questions about the insanity defense and issues raised by commonly proposed "reforms." The first section begins with a brief description of the insanity defense and the reasons for its existence in the law. It then examines some of the popular myths and public misperceptions surrounding the insanity defense. The next three sections discuss proposed "reforms" and the empirical research that addresses their effect. These reforms, including various procedural changes in definitions, burden of proof, and expert testimony, the institution of a guilty but mentally ill verdict, and the abolition of the insanity defense itself, are reviewed, along with relevant research findings and policy issues. Finally, the development of sound conditional release programs for criminal defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity is proposed as a reform option which could serve the objectives of enhancing public safety and access to appropriate treatment while continuing to meet the objectives of the insanity defense within criminal jurisprudence.
Empirical research on the insanity defense and attempted reforms: evidence toward informed policy.
Borum, R; Fulero, S M
1999-02-01
This paper addresses some common questions about the insanity defense and issues raised by commonly proposed "reforms." The first section begins with a brief description of the insanity defense and the reasons for its existence in the law. It then examines some of the popular myths and public misperceptions surrounding the insanity defense. The next three sections discuss proposed "reforms" and the empirical research that addresses their effect. These reforms, including various procedural changes in definitions, burden of proof, and expert testimony, the institution of a guilty but mentally ill verdict, and the abolition of the insanity defense itself, are reviewed, along with relevant research findings and policy issues. Finally, the development of sound conditional release programs for criminal defendants found not guilty by reason of insanity is proposed as a reform option which could serve the objectives of enhancing public safety and access to appropriate treatment while continuing to meet the objectives of the insanity defense within criminal jurisprudence.
Salivary Defense Proteins: Their Network and Role in Innate and Acquired Oral Immunity
Fábián, Tibor Károly; Hermann, Péter; Beck, Anita; Fejérdy, Pál; Fábián, Gábor
2012-01-01
There are numerous defense proteins present in the saliva. Although some of these molecules are present in rather low concentrations, their effects are additive and/or synergistic, resulting in an efficient molecular defense network of the oral cavity. Moreover, local concentrations of these proteins near the mucosal surfaces (mucosal transudate), periodontal sulcus (gingival crevicular fluid) and oral wounds and ulcers (transudate) may be much greater, and in many cases reinforced by immune and/or inflammatory reactions of the oral mucosa. Some defense proteins, like salivary immunoglobulins and salivary chaperokine HSP70/HSPAs (70 kDa heat shock proteins), are involved in both innate and acquired immunity. Cationic peptides and other defense proteins like lysozyme, bactericidal/permeability increasing protein (BPI), BPI-like proteins, PLUNC (palate lung and nasal epithelial clone) proteins, salivary amylase, cystatins, prolin-rich proteins, mucins, peroxidases, statherin and others are primarily responsible for innate immunity. In this paper, this complex system and function of the salivary defense proteins will be reviewed. PMID:22605979
Mass Vertical Envelopment (Airborne) Operations: A Critical Capability in the Army After Next?
2002-06-01
purpose of this thesis is to review the viability of mass airborne operations in the context of today’s modern war environment, specifically in a Major...context of today’s modern war environment, specifically in a Major Regional Contingency (MRC) scenario as outlined in the most current Quadrennial...8 1. World War II........................................................................................8 a. Invasion of Sicily (Operation Husky
32 CFR 2400.37 - Mandatory review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Mandatory review. 2400.37 Section 2400.37 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM...
32 CFR 2400.37 - Mandatory review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Mandatory review. 2400.37 Section 2400.37 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM...
32 CFR 2400.37 - Mandatory review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Mandatory review. 2400.37 Section 2400.37 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM...
32 CFR 2400.37 - Mandatory review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Mandatory review. 2400.37 Section 2400.37 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM...
32 CFR 2400.37 - Mandatory review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Mandatory review. 2400.37 Section 2400.37 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM...
The science, technology, and politics of ballistic missile defense
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Coyle, Philip E.
America's missile defense systems are deployed at home and abroad. This includes the Groundbased Missile Defense (GMD) system in Alaska and California, the Phased Adaptive Approach in Europe (EPAA), and regional systems in the Middle East and Asia. Unfortunately these systems lack workable architectures, and many of the required elements either don't work or are missing. Major review and reconsideration is needed of all elements of these systems. GMD performance in tests has gotten worse with time, when it ought to be getting better. A lack of political support is not to blame as the DoD spends about $10 billionmore » per year, and proposes to add about $5 billion over the next five years. Russia objects to the EPAA as a threat to its ICBM forces, and to the extensive deployment of U.S. military forces in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Romania, once part of the Soviet Union. Going forward the U.S. should keep working with Russia whose cooperation will be key to diplomatic gains in the Middle East and elsewhere. Meanwhile, America's missile defenses face an enduring set of issues, especially target discrimination in the face of attacks designed to overwhelm the defenses, stage separation debris, chaff, decoys, and stealth. Dealing with target discrimination while also replacing, upgrading, or adding to the many elements of U.S. missiles defenses presents daunting budget priorities. A new look at the threat is warranted, and whether the U.S. needs to consider every nation that possesses even short-range missiles a threat to America. The proliferation of missiles of all sizes around the world is a growing problem, but expecting U.S. missile defenses to deal with all those missiles everywhere is unrealistic, and U.S. missile defenses, effective or not, are justifying more and more offensive missiles.« less
The science, technology, and politics of ballistic missile defense
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Coyle, Philip E.
2014-05-01
America's missile defense systems are deployed at home and abroad. This includes the Groundbased Missile Defense (GMD) system in Alaska and California, the Phased Adaptive Approach in Europe (EPAA), and regional systems in the Middle East and Asia. Unfortunately these systems lack workable architectures, and many of the required elements either don't work or are missing. Major review and reconsideration is needed of all elements of these systems. GMD performance in tests has gotten worse with time, when it ought to be getting better. A lack of political support is not to blame as the DoD spends about 10 billion per year, and proposes to add about 5 billion over the next five years. Russia objects to the EPAA as a threat to its ICBM forces, and to the extensive deployment of U.S. military forces in countries such as Poland, the Czech Republic and Romania, once part of the Soviet Union. Going forward the U.S. should keep working with Russia whose cooperation will be key to diplomatic gains in the Middle East and elsewhere. Meanwhile, America's missile defenses face an enduring set of issues, especially target discrimination in the face of attacks designed to overwhelm the defenses, stage separation debris, chaff, decoys, and stealth. Dealing with target discrimination while also replacing, upgrading, or adding to the many elements of U.S. missiles defenses presents daunting budget priorities. A new look at the threat is warranted, and whether the U.S. needs to consider every nation that possesses even short-range missiles a threat to America. The proliferation of missiles of all sizes around the world is a growing problem, but expecting U.S. missile defenses to deal with all those missiles everywhere is unrealistic, and U.S. missile defenses, effective or not, are justifying more and more offensive missiles.
32 CFR 321.8 - DSS review of request for amendment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.8 DSS review of request for... himself and maintained by the Defense Security Service, Office of FOI and Privacy will handle the request... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false DSS review of request for amendment. 321.8...
32 CFR 321.8 - DSS review of request for amendment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.8 DSS review of request for... himself and maintained by the Defense Security Service, Office of FOI and Privacy will handle the request... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false DSS review of request for amendment. 321.8...
32 CFR 321.8 - DSS review of request for amendment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.8 DSS review of request for... himself and maintained by the Defense Security Service, Office of FOI and Privacy will handle the request... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false DSS review of request for amendment. 321.8...
32 CFR 321.8 - DSS review of request for amendment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.8 DSS review of request for... himself and maintained by the Defense Security Service, Office of FOI and Privacy will handle the request... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false DSS review of request for amendment. 321.8...
32 CFR 321.8 - DSS review of request for amendment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE SECURITY SERVICE PRIVACY PROGRAM § 321.8 DSS review of request for... himself and maintained by the Defense Security Service, Office of FOI and Privacy will handle the request... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false DSS review of request for amendment. 321.8...
Immobility reactions under threat: A contribution to human defensive cascade and PTSD.
Volchan, E; Rocha-Rego, V; Bastos, A F; Oliveira, J M; Franklin, C; Gleiser, S; Berger, W; Souza, G G L; Oliveira, L; David, I A; Erthal, F S; Pereira, M G; Figueira, I
2017-05-01
Violence exacts a burden on public health. Gun violence is a major trigger for motor defensive reactions in humans and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is its main psychiatric sequela. However, studies of the human defensive cascade, especially the motor reactions, are at an early stage. This review focuses on studies that employ stabilometry, a methodology that assesses whole body motor reactions, to address defensive behaviors to violence-related threats. Special attention is given to three reactions: "attentive immobility", "immobility under attack" and "tonic immobility", with emphasis on the latter - a peritraumatic reaction which has been strongly associated with the severity of PTSD. These reactions are characterized by reduced body sway and bradycardia, except tonic immobility that presents robust tachycardia. The advances made by investigations into the immobility reactions of the human defensive cascade contribute to helping to bridge the gap between human and non-human species. Furthermore, progresses in basic research to objectively monitor motor defensive reactions under threat can help to develop a dimensional, trans-diagnostic approach to PTSD. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2016-08-01
MANAGEMENT FELLOW U.S. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE This report summarizes recommendations from 76 prior studies of the Department of Defense Research...Enterprise. A brief summary and evaluation of each study is provided, and recommendations are grouped according to management areas. Enduring themes...Prominent Trends in Historical Recommendations .................................................................................. 5 Knowledge Management
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-08
... elements of the Department of Homeland Security concerned with the analysis of intelligence information... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48 CFR Part 217 RIN 0750-AG67 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Limitations on Procurements With Non-Defense Agencies (DFARS...
Review of the FY15 Defense Environmental International Cooperation (DEIC) Program
2016-03-01
Secretary of Defense for Energy, Installations and Environmental, Environmental Safety and Occupational Health [OASD (EI&E/ESOH)]. The views, opinions...DEIC Program The DEIC program, which resides within the Environment, Safety , and Occupational Health (ESOH) office of the Deputy Under Secretary of...resiliency, maritime safety and security, and environmental protection in general. 7 While this
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-18
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Renewal of Department of Defense Federal Advisory Committee; Defense Acquisition University Board of Visitors AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION... (5 U.S.C. 552b, as amended), and 41 CFR 102-3.50(c), the Department of Defense gives notice that it...
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Defense Acquisition Review Journal. Volume 15, Number 3, Issue 49, December 2008
2008-12-01
objectives (Bennis & Biederman , 1997). The Defense Acquisition University and many of its external corporate university partners share the belief that an... Biederman , P. W. (1997). Organizing genius: The secrets of creative collaboration. Reading, MA: Addison-Wesley. Beyerlein, M. (1995). Measuring
Strategic Defense Initiative: Splendid Defense or Pipe Dream? Headline Series No. 275.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Armstrong, Scott; Grier, Peter
This pamphlet presents a discussion of the various components of President Reagan's Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI) including the problem of pulling together various new technologies into an effective defensive system and the politics of the so-called "star wars" system. An important part of the defense initiative is the…
Inorganic chemistry of defensive peroxidases in the human oral cavity.
Ashby, M T
2008-10-01
The innate host response system is comprised of various mechanisms for orchestrating host response to microbial infection of the oral cavity. The heterogeneity of the oral cavity and the associated microenvironments that are produced give rise to different chemistries that affect the innate defense system. One focus of this review is on how these spatial differences influence the two major defensive peroxidases of the oral cavity, salivary peroxidase (SPO) and myeloperoxidase (MPO). With hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2)) as an oxidant, the defensive peroxidases use inorganic ions to produce antimicrobials that are generally more effective than H(2)O(2) itself. The concentrations of the inorganic substrates are different in saliva vs. gingival crevicular fluid (GCF). Thus, in the supragingival regime, SPO and MPO work in unison for the exclusive production of hypothiocyanite (OSCN(-), a reactive inorganic species), which constantly bathes nascent plaques. In contrast, MPO is introduced to the GCF during inflammatory response, and in that environment it is capable of producing hypochlorite (OCl(-)), a chemically more powerful oxidant that is implicated in host tissue damage. A second focus of this review is on inter-person variation that may contribute to different peroxidase function. Many of these differences are attributed to dietary or smoking practices that alter the concentrations of relevant inorganic species in the oral cavity (e.g.: fluoride, F(-); cyanide, CN(-); cyanate, OCN(-); thiocyanate, SCN(-); and nitrate, NO(3)(-)). Because of the complexity of the host and microflora biology and the associated chemistry, it is difficult to establish the significance of the human peroxidase systems during the pathogenesis of oral diseases. The problem is particularly complex with respect to the gingival sulcus and periodontal pockets (where the very different defensive stratagems of GCF and saliva co-mingle). Despite this complexity, intriguing in vitro and in vivo
Defense styles of pedophilic offenders.
Drapeau, Martin; Beretta, Véronique; de Roten, Yves; Koerner, Annett; Despland, Jean-Nicolas
2008-04-01
This pilot study investigated the defense styles of pedophile sexual offenders. Interviews with 20 pedophiles and 20 controls were scored using the Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales. Results showed that pedophiles had a significantly lower overall defensive functioning score than the controls. Pedophiles used significantly fewer obsessional-level defenses but more major image-distorting and action-level defenses. Results also suggested differences in the prevalence of individual defenses where pedophiles used more dissociation, displacement, denial, autistic fantasy, splitting of object, projective identification, acting out, and passive aggressive behavior but less intellectualization and rationalization.
Plant Defense against Insect Herbivores
Fürstenberg-Hägg, Joel; Zagrobelny, Mika; Bak, Søren
2013-01-01
Plants have been interacting with insects for several hundred million years, leading to complex defense approaches against various insect feeding strategies. Some defenses are constitutive while others are induced, although the insecticidal defense compound or protein classes are often similar. Insect herbivory induce several internal signals from the wounded tissues, including calcium ion fluxes, phosphorylation cascades and systemic- and jasmonate signaling. These are perceived in undamaged tissues, which thereafter reinforce their defense by producing different, mostly low molecular weight, defense compounds. These bioactive specialized plant defense compounds may repel or intoxicate insects, while defense proteins often interfere with their digestion. Volatiles are released upon herbivory to repel herbivores, attract predators or for communication between leaves or plants, and to induce defense responses. Plants also apply morphological features like waxes, trichomes and latices to make the feeding more difficult for the insects. Extrafloral nectar, food bodies and nesting or refuge sites are produced to accommodate and feed the predators of the herbivores. Meanwhile, herbivorous insects have adapted to resist plant defenses, and in some cases even sequester the compounds and reuse them in their own defense. Both plant defense and insect adaptation involve metabolic costs, so most plant-insect interactions reach a stand-off, where both host and herbivore survive although their development is suboptimal. PMID:23681010
2008-05-28
2009 budget request for the Defense Health Program’s Private Sector Care BAG. To do this, we reviewed (1) DOD’s justification for the request for the... Private Sector Care BAG, including the underlying estimates and the extent to which DOD considered historical information; and (2) changes between this...develop the budget requests for the Private Sector Care BAG in fiscal years 2008 and 2009. We also interviewed officials and analyzed documents from
Impact of Childhood Malnutrition on Host Defense and Infection.
Ibrahim, Marwa K; Zambruni, Mara; Melby, Christopher L; Melby, Peter C
2017-10-01
The global impact of childhood malnutrition is staggering. The synergism between malnutrition and infection contributes substantially to childhood morbidity and mortality. Anthropometric indicators of malnutrition are associated with the increased risk and severity of infections caused by many pathogens, including viruses, bacteria, protozoa, and helminths. Since childhood malnutrition commonly involves the inadequate intake of protein and calories, with superimposed micronutrient deficiencies, the causal factors involved in impaired host defense are usually not defined. This review focuses on literature related to impaired host defense and the risk of infection in primary childhood malnutrition. Particular attention is given to longitudinal and prospective cohort human studies and studies of experimental animal models that address causal, mechanistic relationships between malnutrition and host defense. Protein and micronutrient deficiencies impact the hematopoietic and lymphoid organs and compromise both innate and adaptive immune functions. Malnutrition-related changes in intestinal microbiota contribute to growth faltering and dysregulated inflammation and immune function. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding the malnutrition-infection synergism, critical gaps in our understanding remain. We highlight the need for mechanistic studies that can lead to targeted interventions to improve host defense and reduce the morbidity and mortality of infectious diseases in this vulnerable population. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Microbiology.
1990-01-01
Department of the Army RAND Corp. Accesion Fo, NTIS CRA&I Technical review by DTIC ! A6 0Undnno s: ced 0 David K. Home tl IC I Robert W. Tinney By Dist...changes to the Sixth Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation. viii COMPARISON OF RETENTION PATTERNS FOR NATIONAL GUARD AND ARMY RESERVE UNITS...duty time-- movies , volleyball, and time to go to the PX at Big Bear. Because of the work schedule, the soldiers did not have any free time in the
Zhang, Wei; Zheng, Jiang-Xia; Xu, Gui-Yun
2011-04-01
Egg-associated salmonellosis is a major problem for food safety. It can be caused by vertical transmission (transovarian transmission) in hens and horizontal transmission though penetration. Despite a series of physical and chemical defense mechanisms naturally found in eggs, they cannot provide complete protection for them. Environmental hygiene, bacteria vectors such as birds, rodent, flies, and beetles along with feed and water contamination are the most frequently reported causes of Salmonella colonization in hens, and finally to eggs. In addition, inappropriate egg handling will cause eggs to lose their self-protection ability, thus resulting in the survival and multiplication of Salmonella in an egg's contents, which contributes to the horizontal dissemination. The routes of Salmonella contamination were discussed, and the effectiveness and shortcomings of different decontamination methods were evaluated in this review. Various studies on egg storage indicated that the low-temperature storage without temperature fluctuation was beneficial for the control of Salmonella. This review, based on an understanding of the stages of Salmonella transmission and an egg's self-protection mechanisms, highlights a comprehensive strategy toward Salmonella control in a process from egg production and handling to human consumption.
76 FR 57980 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-19
... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY... the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review... summary rating of the senior executive's performance, the executive's response, and the higher level...
Zarate, Sonia I.; Kempema, Louisa A.; Walling, Linda L.
2007-01-01
The basal defenses important in curtailing the development of the phloem-feeding silverleaf whitefly (Bemisia tabaci type B; SLWF) on Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) were investigated. Sentinel defense gene RNAs were monitored in SLWF-infested and control plants. Salicylic acid (SA)-responsive gene transcripts accumulated locally (PR1, BGL2, PR5, SID2, EDS5, PAD4) and systemically (PR1, BGL2, PR5) during SLWF nymph feeding. In contrast, jasmonic acid (JA)- and ethylene-dependent RNAs (PDF1.2, VSP1, HEL, THI2.1, FAD3, ERS1, ERF1) were repressed or not modulated in SLWF-infested leaves. To test for a role of SA and JA pathways in basal defense, SLWF development on mutant and transgenic lines that constitutively activate or impair defense pathways was determined. By monitoring the percentage of SLWF nymphs in each instar, we show that mutants that activate SA defenses (cim10) or impair JA defenses (coi1) accelerated SLWF nymphal development. Reciprocally, mutants that activate JA defenses (cev1) or impair SA defenses (npr1, NahG) slowed SLWF nymphal development. Furthermore, when npr1 plants, which do not activate downstream SA defenses, were treated with methyl jasmonate, a dramatic delay in nymph development was observed. Collectively, these results showed that SLWF-repressed, JA-regulated defenses were associated with basal defense to the SLWF. PMID:17189328
32 CFR 169a.9 - Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities. 169a.9 Section 169a.9 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE... the decision to continue in-house performance). These conditions are as follows: (1) National Defense...
32 CFR 169a.9 - Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reviews: Existing in-house commercial activities. 169a.9 Section 169a.9 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE... the decision to continue in-house performance). These conditions are as follows: (1) National Defense...
32 CFR 199.7 - Claims submission, review, and payment.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Claims submission, review, and payment. 199.7 Section 199.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE... patient's treatment and progress. Accurate and timely completion of orders, notes, etc., enable different...
5 CFR 9901.222 - Review of classification decisions.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-01-01
....222 Section 9901.222 Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM (NSPS) Classification Classification Process § 9901.222 Review of...
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2013-03-22
...; Submission for OMB Review; Contractors' Purchasing Systems Reviews AGENCY: Department of Defense (DOD... approved information collection requirement concerning contractors' purchasing systems reviews. A notice... Collection 9000- 0132, Contractors' Purchasing Systems Reviews, by any of the following methods: Regulations...
Who’s in Charge? Defense Policy Formation in Japan
2010-09-01
Hongo , DPJ shows stress fractures under pressure of leadership, August 8, 2009, http://search.japantimes.co.jp/cgi-bin/nn20090808f1.html (accessed...ballistic shield.” September 1, 2000. Jane’s International Defense Review. http://www4.janes.com/subscribe (accessed August 18, 2010). Hongo , Jun
Evaluation of the Department of Defense Combating Trafficking in Persons Program
2014-06-16
1 6 , 2 0 1 4 Evaluation of the Department of Defense Combating Trafficking in Persons Program Report No. DODIG-2014-079 Report Documentation...Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for the collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the ...time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-12-24
... December 16, 2013 Eligibility of the Gulf Cooperation Council To Receive Defense Articles and Defense...) of the Arms Export Control Act, I hereby find that the furnishing of defense articles and defense...
Insect response to plant defensive protease inhibitors.
Zhu-Salzman, Keyan; Zeng, Rensen
2015-01-07
Plant protease inhibitors (PIs) are natural plant defense proteins that inhibit proteases of invading insect herbivores. However, their anti-insect efficacy is determined not only by their potency toward a vulnerable insect system but also by the response of the insect to such a challenge. Through the long history of coevolution with their host plants, insects have developed sophisticated mechanisms to circumvent antinutritional effects of dietary challenges. Their response takes the form of changes in gene expression and the protein repertoire in cells lining the alimentary tract, the first line of defense. Research in insect digestive proteases has revealed the crucial roles they play in insect adaptation to plant PIs and has brought about a new appreciation of how phytophagous insects employ this group of molecules in both protein digestion and counterdefense. This review provides researchers in related fields an up-to-date summary of recent advances.
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2012-02-24
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulations System 48 CFR Part 219 and Appendix I to Chapter 2 RIN 0750-AH59 Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Extension of the Department of... Regulations System, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: DoD is issuing this final rule...
75 FR 62509 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board
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2010-10-12
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY: Department of Defense Office of Inspector General. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Senior Executive Service (SES) Performance Review Board (PRB...
Planetary Defense: Catastrophic Health Insurance for Planet Earth
1996-10-01
unclassified, and is cleared for public release. iii Contents Chapter Page Disclaimer...7Ekronkg/1996_B2.html. 5 Bob Kobres, “Meteor Defense,” Whole Earth Review (Fall 1987): 70–73. 6 Victor Clube and Bill Napier, Cosmic Winter ( Basil ...li, China - Whole family crushed to death. 06/30/1908 Tunguska, Siberia - Fire, 2 people killed. (referenced throughout paper) 04/28/1927 Aba , Japan
Defense Contract Management Agency
, May 24. Click the photo above for more information. Members of the Defense Contract Management Agency for more information. Members of the Defense Contract Management Agency International Region conduct Skip to main content (Press Enter). Toggle navigation Defense Contract Management Agency Search
Recognizing Plant Defense Priming.
Martinez-Medina, Ainhoa; Flors, Victor; Heil, Martin; Mauch-Mani, Brigitte; Pieterse, Corné M J; Pozo, Maria J; Ton, Jurriaan; van Dam, Nicole M; Conrath, Uwe
2016-10-01
Defense priming conditions diverse plant species for the superinduction of defense, often resulting in enhanced pest and disease resistance and abiotic stress tolerance. Here, we propose a guideline that might assist the plant research community in a consistent assessment of defense priming in plants. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
1996-10-31
consolidated financial statements for FY 1996 and each succeeding year. In his memorandum dated June 6, 1995, the DoD Deputy Chief Financial Officer notified the DoD Components of the FY 1996 requirement to prepare and submit financial statements in accordance with the Federal Financial Management Act of 1994. We reviewed the adjusted trial balance submissions of 29 Defense organizations that received a total of $37 billion in Department 97 funds for FY 1995. Department 97 funds are general fund appropriations allocated to Defense organizations and the Military
Macrophage defense mechanisms against intracellular bacteria
Weiss, Günter; Schaible, Ulrich E
2015-01-01
Macrophages and neutrophils play a decisive role in host responses to intracellular bacteria including the agent of tuberculosis (TB), Mycobacterium tuberculosis as they represent the forefront of innate immune defense against bacterial invaders. At the same time, these phagocytes are also primary targets of intracellular bacteria to be abused as host cells. Their efficacy to contain and eliminate intracellular M. tuberculosis decides whether a patient initially becomes infected or not. However, when the infection becomes chronic or even latent (as in the case of TB) despite development of specific immune activation, phagocytes have also important effector functions. Macrophages have evolved a myriad of defense strategies to combat infection with intracellular bacteria such as M. tuberculosis. These include induction of toxic anti-microbial effectors such as nitric oxide and reactive oxygen intermediates, the stimulation of microbe intoxication mechanisms via acidification or metal accumulation in the phagolysosome, the restriction of the microbe's access to essential nutrients such as iron, fatty acids, or amino acids, the production of anti-microbial peptides and cytokines, along with induction of autophagy and efferocytosis to eliminate the pathogen. On the other hand, M. tuberculosis, as a prime example of a well-adapted facultative intracellular bacterium, has learned during evolution to counter-balance the host's immune defense strategies to secure survival or multiplication within this otherwise hostile environment. This review provides an overview of innate immune defense of macrophages directed against intracellular bacteria with a focus on M. tuberculosis. Gaining more insights and knowledge into this complex network of host-pathogen interaction will identify novel target sites of intervention to successfully clear infection at a time of rapidly emerging multi-resistance of M. tuberculosis against conventional antibiotics. PMID:25703560
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
... Receive Defense Articles and Defense Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export... Services Under the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961 and the Arms Export Control Act Memorandum for the...) of the Arms Export Control Act, I hereby find that the furnishing of defense articles and defense...
Defense Islands in Bacterial and Archaeal Genomes and Prediction of Novel Defense Systems ▿†‡
Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Snir, Sagi; Koonin, Eugene V.
2011-01-01
The arms race between cellular life forms and viruses is a major driving force of evolution. A substantial fraction of bacterial and archaeal genomes is dedicated to antivirus defense. We analyzed the distribution of defense genes and typical mobilome components (such as viral and transposon genes) in bacterial and archaeal genomes and demonstrated statistically significant clustering of antivirus defense systems and mobile genes and elements in genomic islands. The defense islands are enriched in putative operons and contain numerous overrepresented gene families. A detailed sequence analysis of the proteins encoded by genes in these families shows that many of them are diverged variants of known defense system components, whereas others show features, such as characteristic operonic organization, that are suggestive of novel defense systems. Thus, genomic islands provide abundant material for the experimental study of bacterial and archaeal antivirus defense. Except for the CRISPR-Cas systems, different classes of defense systems, in particular toxin-antitoxin and restriction-modification systems, show nonrandom clustering in defense islands. It remains unclear to what extent these associations reflect functional cooperation between different defense systems and to what extent the islands are genomic “sinks” that accumulate diverse nonessential genes, particularly those acquired via horizontal gene transfer. The characteristics of defense islands resemble those of mobilome islands. Defense and mobilome genes are nonrandomly associated in islands, suggesting nonadaptive evolution of the islands via a preferential attachment-like mechanism underpinned by the addictive properties of defense systems such as toxins-antitoxins and an important role of horizontal mobility in the evolution of these islands. PMID:21908672
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kiyoshi, Nasu
1978-01-01
Traces Japan's attitude toward and preparation for national defense from the 1930s to 1978. Topics discussed include Japan's indifference to defense since World War II, America's responsibility to defend Japan in case of military attack, the possibility of a Soviet attack on Japan, and public opinion about defense in Japan. Journal availability:…
33 CFR 385.22 - Independent scientific review and external peer review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... external peer review. 385.22 Section 385.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAMMATIC REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES... review panel, convened by a body, such as the National Academy of Sciences, to review the Plan's progress...
33 CFR 385.22 - Independent scientific review and external peer review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... external peer review. 385.22 Section 385.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAMMATIC REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES... review panel, convened by a body, such as the National Academy of Sciences, to review the Plan's progress...
33 CFR 385.22 - Independent scientific review and external peer review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... external peer review. 385.22 Section 385.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAMMATIC REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES... review panel, convened by a body, such as the National Academy of Sciences, to review the Plan's progress...
33 CFR 385.22 - Independent scientific review and external peer review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... external peer review. 385.22 Section 385.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAMMATIC REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES... review panel, convened by a body, such as the National Academy of Sciences, to review the Plan's progress...
33 CFR 385.22 - Independent scientific review and external peer review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... external peer review. 385.22 Section 385.22 Navigation and Navigable Waters CORPS OF ENGINEERS, DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE PROGRAMMATIC REGULATIONS FOR THE COMPREHENSIVE EVERGLADES... review panel, convened by a body, such as the National Academy of Sciences, to review the Plan's progress...
Antipredator defenses predict diversification rates
Arbuckle, Kevin; Speed, Michael P.
2015-01-01
The “escape-and-radiate” hypothesis predicts that antipredator defenses facilitate adaptive radiations by enabling escape from constraints of predation, diversified habitat use, and subsequently speciation. Animals have evolved diverse strategies to reduce the direct costs of predation, including cryptic coloration and behavior, chemical defenses, mimicry, and advertisement of unprofitability (conspicuous warning coloration). Whereas the survival consequences of these alternative defenses for individuals are well-studied, little attention has been given to the macroevolutionary consequences of alternative forms of defense. Here we show, using amphibians as the first, to our knowledge, large-scale empirical test in animals, that there are important macroevolutionary consequences of alternative defenses. However, the escape-and-radiate hypothesis does not adequately describe them, due to its exclusive focus on speciation. We examined how rates of speciation and extinction vary across defensive traits throughout amphibians. Lineages that use chemical defenses show higher rates of speciation as predicted by escape-and-radiate but also show higher rates of extinction compared with those without chemical defense. The effect of chemical defense is a net reduction in diversification compared with lineages without chemical defense. In contrast, acquisition of conspicuous coloration (often used as warning signals or in mimicry) is associated with heightened speciation rates but unchanged extinction rates. We conclude that predictions based on the escape-and-radiate hypothesis must incorporate the effect of traits on both speciation and extinction, which is rarely considered in such studies. Our results also suggest that knowledge of defensive traits could have a bearing on the predictability of extinction, perhaps especially important in globally threatened taxa such as amphibians. PMID:26483488
Technologies for distributed defense
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Seiders, Barbara; Rybka, Anthony
2002-07-01
For Americans, the nature of warfare changed on September 11, 2001. Our national security henceforth will require distributed defense. One extreme of distributed defense is represented by fully deployed military troops responding to a threat from a hostile nation state. At the other extreme is a country of 'citizen soldiers', with families and communities securing their common defense through heightened awareness, engagement as good neighbors, and local support of and cooperation with local law enforcement, emergency and health care providers. Technologies - for information exploitation, biological agent detection, health care surveillance, and security - will be critical to ensuring success in distributed defense.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-02-22
... Subjects in 48 CFR Part 217 Government procurement. Mary Overstreet, Editor, Defense Acquisition... Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Limitations on Procurements With Non-Defense Agencies (DFARS...: Final rule. SUMMARY: DoD is adopting without change an interim rule amending the Defense Federal...
Adaptation Mechanisms in the Evolution of Moss Defenses to Microbes
Ponce de León, Inés; Montesano, Marcos
2017-01-01
Bryophytes, including mosses, liverworts and hornworts are early land plants that have evolved key adaptation mechanisms to cope with abiotic stresses and microorganisms. Microbial symbioses facilitated plant colonization of land by enhancing nutrient uptake leading to improved plant growth and fitness. In addition, early land plants acquired novel defense mechanisms to protect plant tissues from pre-existing microbial pathogens. Due to its evolutionary stage linking unicellular green algae to vascular plants, the non-vascular moss Physcomitrella patens is an interesting organism to explore the adaptation mechanisms developed in the evolution of plant defenses to microbes. Cellular and biochemical approaches, gene expression profiles, and functional analysis of genes by targeted gene disruption have revealed that several defense mechanisms against microbial pathogens are conserved between mosses and flowering plants. P. patens perceives pathogen associated molecular patterns by plasma membrane receptor(s) and transduces the signal through a MAP kinase (MAPK) cascade leading to the activation of cell wall associated defenses and expression of genes that encode proteins with different roles in plant resistance. After pathogen assault, P. patens also activates the production of ROS, induces a HR-like reaction and increases levels of some hormones. Furthermore, alternative metabolic pathways are present in P. patens leading to the production of a distinct metabolic scenario than flowering plants that could contribute to defense. P. patens has acquired genes by horizontal transfer from prokaryotes and fungi, and some of them could represent adaptive benefits for resistance to biotic stress. In this review, the current knowledge related to the evolution of plant defense responses against pathogens will be discussed, focusing on the latest advances made in the model plant P. patens. PMID:28360923
32 CFR 581.1 - Army Disability Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Army Disability Review Board. 581.1 Section 581.1 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY PERSONNEL PERSONNEL... an administrative agency created within the Department of the Army under authority of section 302...
Life of an Idea: DLIFLC Annual Program Review.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Woytak, Lidia
1999-01-01
Discusses the Defense Language Institute's Foreign Language Center's (DLIFLC) annual program review. Representatives from the Army, Air Force, Marine Corps, HQ TRADOC, National Security Agency, Defense Intelligence Agency, and the Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense for Command, Control, Communication, and Intelligence met to discuss…
78 FR 15711 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-12
... use to determine if contractor material management and accounting systems conform to established DoD... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Defense Acquisition Regulation System [Docket No. 2012-0044-0001] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. The Defense Acquisition Regulations System has...
Empowering self-defense training.
Thompson, Martha E
2014-03-01
The purpose of self-defense training is to expand people's options, yet it is often framed as a solely physical, and limiting, response to violence. I draw on my own experience as a self-defense instructor and that of others in the self-defense movement to argue that an empowerment approach to self-defense training contributes to the anti-violence movement in multiple ways: providing a pathway to increase women's and girls' safety and their potential for becoming powerful and effective social change agents right now, providing an informed and embodied understanding of violence, and offering comprehensive options to recognize, prevent, and interrupt violence.
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-30
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Renewal of Department of Defense Federal Advisory... 102-3.50(d), the Department of Defense gives notice that it is renewing the charter for the Board of...: Jim Freeman, Deputy Committee Management Officer for the Department of Defense, 703-601-6128...
2018-01-03
national elections. The party majority gives Abe the potential to formally amend Article 9 of the Japanese constitution to authorize the Japanese Self ...Pacific. Japanese Constitution; Article 9; The United States and Japan Bi-lateral defense treaty; Collective Self Defense; Pacifism; Japanese Self ...involvement in collective self -defense (CSD). Factors leading up to this decision are a rapidly evolving strategic and political environment in
Okada, Kazunori; Abe, Hiroshi; Arimura, Gen-ichiro
2015-01-01
Jasmonic acid (JA) and its derivatives (jasmonates, JAs) are phytohormones with essential roles in plant defense against pathogenesis and herbivorous arthropods. Both the up- and down-regulation of defense responses are dependent on signaling pathways mediated by JAs as well as other stress hormones (e.g. salicylic acid), generally those involving the transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation of transcription factors via protein modification and epigenetic regulation. In addition to the typical model plant Arabidopsis (a dicotyledon), advances in genetics research have made rice a model monocot in which innovative pest control traits can be introduced and whose JA signaling pathway can be studied. In this review, we introduce the dynamic functions of JAs in plant defense strategy using defensive substances (e.g. indole alkaloids and terpenoid phytoalexins) and airborne signals (e.g. green leaf volatiles and volatile terpenes) in response to biotrophic and necrotrophic pathogens as well as above-ground and below-ground herbivores. We then discuss the important issue of how the mutualism of herbivorous arthropods with viruses or bacteria can cause cross-talk between JA and other phytohormones to counter the defense systems. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Japanese Society of Plant Physiologists. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.
Role of resveratrol in regulation of cellular defense systems against oxidative stress.
Truong, Van-Long; Jun, Mira; Jeong, Woo-Sik
2018-01-01
Resveratrol, a natural polyphenolic compound, is found in various kinds of fruits, plants, and their commercial products such as red wine. It has been demonstrated to exhibit a variety of health-promoting effects including prevention and/or treatment of cardiovascular diseases, inflammation, diabetes, neurodegeneration, aging, and cancer. Cellular defensive properties of resveratrol can be explained through its ability of either directly neutralizing reactive oxygen species/reactive nitrogen species (ROS/RNS) or indirectly upregulating the expression of cellular defensive genes. As a direct antioxidant agent, resveratrol scavenges diverse ROS/RNS as well as secondary organic radicals with mechanisms of hydrogen atom transfer and sequential proton loss electron transfer, thereby protecting cellular biomolecules from oxidative damage. Resveratrol also enhances the expression of various antioxidant defensive enzymes such as heme oxygenase 1, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase as well as the induction of glutathione level responsible for maintaining the cellular redox balance. Such defenses could be achieved by regulating various signaling pathways including sirtuin 1, nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 and nuclear factor κB. This review provides current understanding and information on the role of resveratrol in cellular defense system against oxidative stress. © 2017 BioFactors, 44(1):36-49, 2018. © 2017 International Union of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology.
76 FR 61346 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-04
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board AGENCY: Department of Defense Office of Inspector General, Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Senior Executive Service (SES...
32 CFR Appendix B to Part 327 - Internal Management Control Review Checklist
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Internal Management Control Review Checklist B Appendix B to Part 327 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 327, App. B Appendix...
32 CFR Appendix B to Part 327 - Internal Management Control Review Checklist
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Internal Management Control Review Checklist B Appendix B to Part 327 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 327, App. B Appendix...
Diverse mechanisms evolved by DNA viruses to inhibit early host defenses
Sheng, Xinlei; Song, Bokai; Cristea, Ileana M.
2016-01-01
In mammalian cells, early defenses against infection by pathogens are mounted through a complex network of signaling pathways shepherded by immune-modulatory pattern-recognition receptors. As obligate parasites, the survival of viruses is dependent upon the evolutionary acquisition of mechanisms that tactfully dismantle and subvert the cellular intrinsic and innate immune responses. Here, we review the diverse mechanisms by which viruses that accommodate DNA genomes are able to circumvent activation of cellular immunity. We start by discussing viral manipulation of host defense protein levels by either transcriptional regulation or protein degradation. We next review viral strategies used to repurpose or inhibit these cellular immune factors by molecular hijacking or by regulating their post-translational modification status. Additionally, we explore the infection-induced temporal modulation of apoptosis to facilitate viral replication and spread. Lastly, the co-evolution of viruses with their hosts is highlighted by the acquisition of elegant mechanisms for suppressing host defenses via viral mimicry of host factors. In closing, we present a perspective on how characterizing these viral evasion tactics both broadens the understanding of virus-host interactions and reveals essential functions of the immune system at the molecular level. This knowledge is critical in understanding the sources of viral pathogenesis, as well as for the design of antiviral therapeutics and autoimmunity treatments. PMID:27650455
2004-12-01
DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE ACQUISITION REFORM ON WOMEN-OWNED SMALL BUSINESSES AND SMALL DISADVANTAGED BUSINESSES by Bette Eckard Stricker December...TITLE AND SUBTITLE: The Effects of Department of Defense Acquisition Reform on Women-Owned Small Businesses and Small Disadvantaged Businesses 6...Businesses (WOSBs) and Small Disadvantaged Businesses (SDBs) who contracted with DOD during the 1990s through 2002 timeframe. Review and analysis of DOD
32 CFR 28.500 - Secretary of Defense.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Secretary of Defense. 28.500 Section 28.500 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DoD GRANT AND AGREEMENT REGULATIONS NEW RESTRICTIONS ON LOBBYING Exemptions § 28.500 Secretary of Defense. (a) Exemption authority...
32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...
32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...
32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...
32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...
32 CFR 310.52 - Computer matching publication and review requirements.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Computer matching publication and review... OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DOD PRIVACY PROGRAM Computer Matching Program Procedures § 310.52 Computer matching publication and review requirements. (a) DoD Components shall identify the...
Report on Defense Business Operations to the Congressional Defense Committees
2009-03-15
7 . PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) Department of Defense,Business Information Agency,Washington,DC 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...Defense Business Transformation 7 Table 2-2: System Modernizations and Initiatives by Business Enterprise Priority* Personnel Visibility...and people to ensure reliable and accurate delivery of acceptable goods and services. The procurement functional area establishes requirements for
A Future North American Defense Arrangement: Applying a Canadian Defense Policy Process Model
2005-04-01
American defense policy outlined by Hays, Vallance and Van Tassel in their comprehensive text entitled American Defense Policy. What is Canadian...outputs, lenses and feedback within an international and domestic environment. Adapted From Hays, Vallance , Van Tassel American Defence Policy, 1997...10th ed. (Springfield, Massachusetts: Merriam-Webster, Inc), 901. 2 Peter L Hays, B.J. Vallance , A.R. Van Tassel, eds., American Defense Policy, 7th
Defense styles in Intermittent Explosive Disorder.
Puhalla, Alexander A; McCloskey, Michael S; Brickman, Lauren J; Fauber, Robert; Coccaro, Emil F
2016-04-30
The overreliance on immature and/or neurotic defense mechanisms, as opposed to more mature defensive functioning has been linked to several psychiatric disorders. However, to date, the role of defense styles among individuals with Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) has not been examined. Given that individuals with IED display difficulties controlling their anger and aggression, one might expect these individuals to exhibit more immature and less mature defense styles. The current study compared participants with IED to a personality disorder (PD) comparison group, as well as to healthy volunteers (HV) on the Defense Style Questionnaire, a self-report measure that assesses the extent to which individuals endorse using mature, immature, and neurotic defense styles. Subjects with IED had significantly higher scores than both comparison groups on immature defense styles and exhibited lower scores on mature defense mechanisms. Hierarchical regression of significant defense style subscales showed that higher levels of acting out and lower levels of sublimation uniquely discriminated participants with IED from the PD and HV comparison groups. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
75 FR 67696 - Membership of the Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-03
...: Defense Finance and Accounting Service, DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Performance Review Board (PRB) of the Defense Finance and Accounting Service.... FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Denise Thornburg, DFAS SES Program Manager, Defense Finance and...
Cacho, N Ivalú; Kliebenstein, Daniel J; Strauss, Sharon Y
2015-11-01
We explored macroevolutionary patterns of plant chemical defense in Streptanthus (Brassicaceae), tested for evolutionary escalation of defense, as predicted by Ehrlich and Raven's plant-herbivore coevolutionary arms-race hypothesis, and tested whether species inhabiting low-resource or harsh environments invest more in defense, as predicted by the resource availability hypothesis (RAH). We conducted phylogenetically explicit analyses using glucosinolate profiles, soil nutrient analyses, and microhabitat bareness estimates across 30 species of Streptanthus inhabiting varied environments and soils. We found weak to moderate phylogenetic signal in glucosinolate classes and no signal in total glucosinolate production; a trend toward evolutionary de-escalation in the numbers and diversity of glucosinolates, accompanied by an evolutionary increase in the proportion of aliphatic glucosinolates; some support for the RAH relative to soil macronutrients, but not relative to serpentine soil use; and that the number of glucosinolates increases with microhabitat bareness, which is associated with increased herbivory and drought. Weak phylogenetic signal in chemical defense has been observed in other plant systems. A more holistic approach incorporating other forms of defense might be necessary to confidently reject escalation of defense. That defense increases with microhabitat bareness supports the hypothesis that habitat bareness is an underappreciated selective force on plants in harsh environments. © 2015 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2015 New Phytologist Trust.
76 FR 72688 - Meeting of the Defense Advisory Committee on Women in the Services (DACOWITS)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-25
... Services Review report, assignment policies, female engagement teams, suicides, and retention. Additionally... Veteran Affairs briefings on active duty and veteran suicides. --Defense Manpower Data Center and DoD...
Maternal programming of defensive responses through sustained effects on gene expression.
Zhang, Tie-Yuan; Bagot, Rose; Parent, Carine; Nesbitt, Cathy; Bredy, Timothy W; Caldji, Christian; Fish, Eric; Anisman, Hymie; Szyf, Moshe; Meaney, Michael J
2006-07-01
There are profound maternal effects on individual differences in defensive responses and reproductive strategies in species ranging literally from plants to insects to birds. Maternal effects commonly reflect the quality of the environment and are most likely mediated by the quality of the maternal provision (egg, propagule, etc.), which in turn determines growth rates and adult phenotype. In this paper we review data from the rat that suggest comparable forms of maternal effects on defensive responses stress, which are mediated by the effects of variations in maternal behavior on gene expression. Under conditions of environmental adversity maternal effects enhance the capacity for defensive responses in the offspring. In mammals, these effects appear to 'program' emotional, cognitive and endocrine systems towards increased sensitivity to adversity. In environments with an increased level of adversity, such effects can be considered adaptive, enhancing the probability of offspring survival to sexual maturity; the cost is that of an increased risk for multiple forms of pathology in later life.
Koonin, Eugene V
2017-02-10
Complementarity between nucleic acid molecules is central to biological information transfer processes. Apart from the basal processes of replication, transcription and translation, complementarity is also employed by multiple defense and regulatory systems. All cellular life forms possess defense systems against viruses and mobile genetic elements, and in most of them some of the defense mechanisms involve small guide RNAs or DNAs that recognize parasite genomes and trigger their inactivation. The nucleic acid-guided defense systems include prokaryotic Argonaute (pAgo)-centered innate immunity and CRISPR-Cas adaptive immunity as well as diverse branches of RNA interference (RNAi) in eukaryotes. The archaeal pAgo machinery is the direct ancestor of eukaryotic RNAi that, however, acquired additional components, such as Dicer, and enormously diversified through multiple duplications. In contrast, eukaryotes lack any heritage of the CRISPR-Cas systems, conceivably, due to the cellular toxicity of some Cas proteins that would get activated as a result of operon disruption in eukaryotes. The adaptive immunity function in eukaryotes is taken over partly by the PIWI RNA branch of RNAi and partly by protein-based immunity. In this review, I briefly discuss the interplay between homology and analogy in the evolution of RNA- and DNA-guided immunity, and attempt to formulate some general evolutionary principles for this ancient class of defense systems. This article was reviewed by Mikhail Gelfand and Bojan Zagrovic.
Algood, Holly M. Scott; Cover, Timothy L.
2006-01-01
Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative bacterium that persistently colonizes more than half of the global human population. In order to successfully colonize the human stomach, H. pylori must initially overcome multiple innate host defenses. Remarkably, H. pylori can persistently colonize the stomach for decades or an entire lifetime despite development of an acquired immune response. This review focuses on the immune response to H. pylori and the mechanisms by which H. pylori resists immune clearance. Three main sections of the review are devoted to (i) analysis of the immune response to H. pylori in humans, (ii) analysis of interactions of H. pylori with host immune defenses in animal models, and (iii) interactions of H. pylori with immune cells in vitro. The topics addressed in this review are important for understanding how H. pylori resists immune clearance and also are relevant for understanding the pathogenesis of diseases caused by H. pylori (peptic ulcer disease, gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma). PMID:17041136
Repressing Distress in Childhood: A Defense against Health-Related Stress
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Gil, Armande
2005-01-01
This paper is a review of empirical investigations of the repressive adaptive style in youth. Studies were selected on the basis of their adherence to Weinberger et al.'s ("J Abnorm Psychol" 88: 369-380, 1979) paradigm, consisting of the interaction between a measure of distress and a measure of defensiveness to categorize repressors. The presence…
Våge, Selina; Storesund, Julia E; Giske, Jarl; Thingstad, T Frede
2014-01-01
Trophic mechanisms that can generate biodiversity in food webs include bottom-up (growth rate regulating) and top-down (biomass regulating) factors. The top-down control has traditionally been analyzed using the concepts of "Keystone Predation" (KP) and "Killing-the-Winner" (KtW), predominately occuring in discussions of macro- and micro-biological ecology, respectively. Here we combine the classical diamond-shaped food web structure frequently discussed in KP analyses and the KtW concept by introducing a defense strategist capable of partial defense. A formalized description of a trade-off between the defense-strategist's competitive and defensive ability is included. The analysis reveals a complex topology of the steady state solution with strong relationships between food web structure and the combination of trade-off, defense strategy and the system's nutrient content. Among the results is a difference in defense strategies corresponding to maximum biomass, production, or net growth rate of invading individuals. The analysis thus summons awareness that biomass or production, parameters typically measured in field studies to infer success of particular biota, are not directly acted upon by natural selection. Under coexistence with a competition specialist, a balance of competitive and defensive ability of the defense strategist was found to be evolutionarily stable, whereas stronger defense was optimal under increased nutrient levels in the absence of the pure competition specialist. The findings of success of different defense strategies are discussed with respect to SAR11, a highly successful bacterial clade in the pelagic ocean.
75 FR 32416 - Defense Science Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-08
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Science Board AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD). ACTION: Notice of advisory committee meeting. SUMMARY: The Defense Science Board Task Force on the Survivability of DoD Systems and Assets to Electromagnetic Pulse (EMP) and other Nuclear Weapons...
Defense Business Transformation
2009-12-01
Defense Business Transformation by Jacques S. Gansler and William Lucyshyn The Center for Technology and National...REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED 00-00-2009 to 00-00-2009 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Defense Business Transformation 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER...vii Part One: DoD Business Transformation
The Eleventh Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation. Supporting Research Papers
2012-06-01
value. 4. BAH + BAS is roughly equal to expenditures for housing and food for servicemembers.22 In the first phase of the formal model, we further...assume that taxes, housing, and food are the only basic living expenses. Then, in the next phase, we include estimates of noncash benefits not included...assumption 4 with assumption 2 implies that civilian housing and food expenses are also equal to military BAH and BAS. However, civilian housing and food
Quadrennial Review of Military Compensation (7TH). Global Subject Papers
1992-08-01
the added result of reducing officers’ retired pay via a reduction in Basic Pay. The draft report recommends the continuous payment of BAS to all...being eligible for VHA is unfair. However, we also believe a minimum eligibility period is needed. The draft report recommends payment of full housing...93-12040 JOIN form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PACE J No0 *flcrr t 0 datA .,-Vtr A’d :,r.¶tq. ~.-- r’ ~ (F. 0 ’ ~ ~ t’-e’,’ -o..t,7d’ A-t’trt I
Report of the Defense Task Force on Sexual Harassment and Violence at the Military Service Academies
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
US Department of Defense, 2005
2005-01-01
In creating this report the Task Force gathered information by conducting site visits; communicating with numerous individuals, including victims; reviewing the Department of Defense survey data; reviewing Academy and Service policies, reports, and data; consulting with subject matter experts; and communicating with related committees and task…
Trusted Defense Microelectronics: Future Access and Capabilities Are Uncertain
2015-10-28
Board Task Force on High Performance Microchip Supply and documentation and discussions with industry and DOD officials in September and October...the defense and microelectronics industry . DOD’s review of this report deemed some of this information as sensitive but unclassified. What GAO...increased specialization and industry consolidation. • Once dominated by domestic sources, the supply chain for microelectronics manufacturing is a global one
Grooming Behavior as a Mechanism of Insect Disease Defense.
Zhukovskaya, Marianna; Yanagawa, Aya; Forschler, Brian T
2013-11-04
Grooming is a well-recognized, multipurpose, behavior in arthropods and vertebrates. In this paper, we review the literature to highlight the physical function, neurophysiological mechanisms, and role that grooming plays in insect defense against pathogenic infection. The intricate relationships between the physical, neurological and immunological mechanisms of grooming are discussed to illustrate the importance of this behavior when examining the ecology of insect-pathogen interactions.
The Contribution of the Airway Epithelial Cell to Host Defense.
Stanke, Frauke
2015-01-01
In the context of cystic fibrosis, the epithelial cell has been characterized in terms of its ion transport capabilities. The ability of an epithelial cell to initiate CFTR-mediated chloride and bicarbonate transport has been recognized early as a means to regulate the thickness of the epithelial lining fluid and recently as a means to regulate the pH, thereby determining critically whether or not host defense proteins such as mucins are able to fold appropriately. This review describes how the epithelial cell senses the presence of pathogens and inflammatory conditions, which, in turn, facilitates the activation of CFTR and thus directly promotes pathogens clearance and innate immune defense on the surface of the epithelial cell. This paper summarizes functional data that describes the effect of cytokines, chemokines, infectious agents, and inflammatory conditions on the ion transport properties of the epithelial cell and relates these key properties to the molecular pathology of cystic fibrosis. Recent findings on the role of cystic fibrosis modifier genes that underscore the role of the epithelial ion transport in host defense and inflammation are discussed.
32 CFR 865.122 - Summary of statistics for Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Summary of statistics for Discharge Review Board. 865.122 Section 865.122 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE... Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Military Personnel and Force Management) DASD(MP&FM), Office of...
32 CFR 865.122 - Summary of statistics for Discharge Review Board.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Summary of statistics for Discharge Review Board. 865.122 Section 865.122 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE AIR FORCE... Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense (Military Personnel and Force Management) DASD(MP&FM), Office of...
78 FR 17993 - Defense Trade Advisory Group; Notice of Open Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-25
... policies, regulations, and technical issues affecting defense trade. The purpose of the meeting will be to... discussed: review of the current definitions of technical data, as well as the control language applied in... statement to the committee in writing. As seating is limited to 125 persons, those wishing to attend the...
76 FR 81918 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-29
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket ID DOD-2011-HA-0033] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. The Department of Defense has submitted to OMB for clearance, the.... Aaron Siegel, Alternate OSD Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense. [FR Doc. 2011-33476...
75 FR 22749 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-30
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DOD-2009-OS-0165] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. The Department of Defense has submitted to OMB for clearance, the..., 2010. Mitchell S. Bryman, Alternate OSD Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense. [FR...
75 FR 60090 - Membership of the Performance Review Board
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-09-29
...: Missile Defense Agency (MDA), DoD. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice announces the appointment of the members of the Performance Review Board (PRB) of the Missile Defense Agency (MDA). The publication of PRB... CONTACT: Jovey Martir, MDA SES Program Management, Missile Defense Agency, Arlington, Virginia, (703) 693...
22 CFR 120.2 - Designation of defense articles and defense services.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... services. 120.2 Section 120.2 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.2 Designation of defense articles and defense services. The Arms... changed only by amendments made pursuant to section 38 of the Arms Export Control Act (22 U.S.C. 2778...
Våge, Selina; Storesund, Julia E.; Giske, Jarl; Thingstad, T. Frede
2014-01-01
Trophic mechanisms that can generate biodiversity in food webs include bottom-up (growth rate regulating) and top-down (biomass regulating) factors. The top-down control has traditionally been analyzed using the concepts of “Keystone Predation” (KP) and “Killing-the-Winner” (KtW), predominately occuring in discussions of macro- and micro-biological ecology, respectively. Here we combine the classical diamond-shaped food web structure frequently discussed in KP analyses and the KtW concept by introducing a defense strategist capable of partial defense. A formalized description of a trade-off between the defense-strategist's competitive and defensive ability is included. The analysis reveals a complex topology of the steady state solution with strong relationships between food web structure and the combination of trade-off, defense strategy and the system's nutrient content. Among the results is a difference in defense strategies corresponding to maximum biomass, production, or net growth rate of invading individuals. The analysis thus summons awareness that biomass or production, parameters typically measured in field studies to infer success of particular biota, are not directly acted upon by natural selection. Under coexistence with a competition specialist, a balance of competitive and defensive ability of the defense strategist was found to be evolutionarily stable, whereas stronger defense was optimal under increased nutrient levels in the absence of the pure competition specialist. The findings of success of different defense strategies are discussed with respect to SAR11, a highly successful bacterial clade in the pelagic ocean. PMID:24999739
[Defense mechanisms of the surface epithelium of the human esophageal mucosa].
Bykov, V L; Iseeva, E A
2006-01-01
This review, which is based on the literature data and the results of personal research, contains an analysis of the current concepts on the tissue, cellular and molecular mechanisms, protecting human esophageal epithelium (EE) from gastric juice, bile, hot and rough food, microorganisms, alcohol, carcinogens, drugs and oxidizing agents. The response of EE to concrete environmental factors includes both specific and non-specific components, which depend on the nature of injurious agent. EE is damaged structurally and functionally only when it is exposed to the injurious factors of high intensity and/or long duration, which result in the exhaustion of resources of defense mechanisms. The insufficiency of EE defense mechanisms may be based on various genetic defects.
32 CFR Appendix B to Part 327 - Internal Management Control Review Checklist
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Internal Management Control Review Checklist B Appendix B to Part 327 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 327, App. B Appendix B to Part 327—Internal Management Control...
32 CFR Appendix B to Part 327 - Internal Management Control Review Checklist
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Internal Management Control Review Checklist B Appendix B to Part 327 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 327, App. B Appendix B to Part 327—Internal Management Control...
32 CFR Appendix B to Part 327 - Internal Management Control Review Checklist
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Internal Management Control Review Checklist B Appendix B to Part 327 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE COMMISSARY AGENCY PRIVACY ACT PROGRAM Pt. 327, App. B Appendix B to Part 327—Internal Management Control...
Assessment on the Creation of an Under Secretary of Defense for Business Management & Information OUR Defense team for 2017. View Study Best Practices for Real Property Management Best Practices for Real Property Management There is now an opportunity to modernize the management of the Department's real
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sparks Stein, Pamela; Richardson, April D.; Challman, Sandra D.
2008-01-01
The following study describes a creative application of anatomical principles in the instruction of self-defense. Undergraduates at the University of Kentucky were invited to a special lecture that featured a series of self-defense moves introduced by a local police officer. Following a demonstration of each self-defense tactic, the students were…
Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens.
Ordonez, Soledad R; Veldhuizen, Edwin J A; van Eijk, Martin; Haagsman, Henk P
2017-01-01
Fungal infections of the lung are life-threatening but rarely occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, indicating efficient clearance by pulmonary defense mechanisms. Upon inhalation, fungi will first encounter the airway surface liquid which contains several soluble effector molecules that form the first barrier of defense against fungal infections. These include host defense peptides, like LL-37 and defensins that can neutralize fungi by direct killing of the pathogen, and collectins, such as surfactant protein A and D, that can aggregate fungi and stimulate phagocytosis. In addition, these molecules have immunomodulatory activities which can aid in fungal clearance from the lung. However, existing observations are based on in vitro studies which do not reflect the complexity of the lung and its airway surface liquid. Ionic strength, pH, and the presence of mucus can have strong detrimental effects on antifungal activity, while the potential synergistic interplay between soluble effector molecules is largely unknown. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on soluble effector molecules that contribute to antifungal activity, the importance of environmental factors and discuss the future directions required to understand the innate antifungal defense in the lung.
Role of Soluble Innate Effector Molecules in Pulmonary Defense against Fungal Pathogens
Ordonez, Soledad R.; Veldhuizen, Edwin J. A.; van Eijk, Martin; Haagsman, Henk P.
2017-01-01
Fungal infections of the lung are life-threatening but rarely occur in healthy, immunocompetent individuals, indicating efficient clearance by pulmonary defense mechanisms. Upon inhalation, fungi will first encounter the airway surface liquid which contains several soluble effector molecules that form the first barrier of defense against fungal infections. These include host defense peptides, like LL-37 and defensins that can neutralize fungi by direct killing of the pathogen, and collectins, such as surfactant protein A and D, that can aggregate fungi and stimulate phagocytosis. In addition, these molecules have immunomodulatory activities which can aid in fungal clearance from the lung. However, existing observations are based on in vitro studies which do not reflect the complexity of the lung and its airway surface liquid. Ionic strength, pH, and the presence of mucus can have strong detrimental effects on antifungal activity, while the potential synergistic interplay between soluble effector molecules is largely unknown. In this review, we describe the current knowledge on soluble effector molecules that contribute to antifungal activity, the importance of environmental factors and discuss the future directions required to understand the innate antifungal defense in the lung. PMID:29163395
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-01-28
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Notice of request for comments regarding an... to encourage expansion of production capacity and supply of industrial resources essential to...
Identifying psychotic defenses in a clinical interview.
Berney, Sylvie; de Roten, Yves; Beretta, Véronique; Kramer, Ueli; Despland, Jean-Nicolas
2014-05-01
The Defense Mechanisms Rating Scales (DMRS), one of the most widely used and validated instruments in the study of defense mechanisms, does not include psychotic defenses. The Psychotic-DMRS (P-DMRS) has been developed to include 6 psychotic defense mechanisms: psychotic denial, autistic withdrawal, distortion, delusional projection, fragmentation, and concretization. We discuss psychotic defenses, including the difference between psychotic defenses and psychotic symptoms. Six clinical illustrations demonstrate how the 6 P-DMRS defenses can be identified in patients' narratives selected from the transcripts of dynamic interviews. Implications with respect to patient evaluation and treatment are discussed. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
75 FR 22750 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-30
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DOD-2009-OS-0171] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. The Department of Defense has submitted to OMB for clearance, the..., Department of Defense. [FR Doc. 2010-10131 Filed 4-29-10; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 5001-06-P ...
78 FR 67343 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-12
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket ID: DoD-2013-OS-0170] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of Defense has submitted to OMB for... Federal Register Liaison Officer, Department of Defense. [FR Doc. 2013-26954 Filed 11-8-13; 8:45 am...
78 FR 12745 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-25
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket ID DoD-2013-OS-0029] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD), DoD Chief Information Officer (DoD CIO). ACTION: Notice. The Department of Defense has submitted to OMB for clearance, the following proposal for...
Optimizing Department of Defense Acquisition Development Test and Evaluation Scheduling
2015-06-01
CPM Critical Path Method DOD Department of Defense DT&E development test and evaluation EMD engineering and manufacturing development GAMS...these, including the Program Evaluation Review Technique (PERT), the Critical Path Method ( CPM ), and the resource- constrained project-scheduling...problem (RCPSP). These are of particular interest to this thesis as the current scheduling method uses elements of the PERT/ CPM , and the test
Coverdale, Tyler C; Goheen, Jacob R; Palmer, Todd M; Pringle, Robert M
2018-06-25
Intraspecific variation in plant defense phenotype is common and has wide-ranging ecological consequences. Yet prevailing theories of plant defense allocation, which primarily account for interspecific differences in defense phenotype, often fail to predict intraspecific patterns. Furthermore, although individual variation in defense phenotype is often attributed to ecological interactions, few general mechanisms have been proposed to explain the ubiquity of variable defense phenotype within species. Here, we show experimentally that associational refuges and induced resistance interact to create predictable intraspecific variation in defense phenotype in African savanna plants. Physically defended species from four families (Acanthaceae, Asparagaceae, Cactaceae, and Solanaceae) growing in close association with spinescent Acacia trees had 39-78% fewer spines and thorns than did isolated conspecifics. For a subset of these species, we used a series of manipulative experiments to show that this variability is maintained primarily by a reduction in induced responses among individuals that seldom experience mammalian herbivory, whether due to association with Acacia trees or to experimental herbivore exclusion. Unassociated plants incurred 4- to 16-fold more browsing damage than did associated individuals and increased spine density by 16-38% within one month following simulated browsing. In contrast, experimental clipping induced no net change in spine density among plants growing beneath Acacia canopies or inside long-term herbivore exclosures. Associated and unassociated individuals produced similar numbers of flowers and seeds, but seedling recruitment and survival were vastly greater in refuge habitats, suggesting a net fitness benefit of association. We conclude that plant-plant associations consistently decrease defense investment in this system by reducing both the frequency of herbivory and the intensity of induced responses, and that inducible responses
1990-01-03
Employed by the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD) and the Defense Agencies References: (a) DoD Instruction 7730.29, subject as above, June 25...b). B. APPLICABILITY This Instruction applies to the Office of the Secretary of Defense (OSD), the Inspector General of the Department of Defense (IG...direct hire civilians employed by the Office of the Secretary of Defense and other Defense organizations for submission to the Department of Labor. 2
1995-06-19
VXW-ÄVAVKVX’AWXW/XVXV:*: OFFICE OF THE INSPECTOR GENERAL SUMMARY REPORT ON THE AUDIT OF DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY 1995 DEFENSE BASE REALIGNMENT...FOR DIRECTOR, DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY SUBJECT: Summary Report on the Audit of Defense Logistics Agency 1995 Defense Base Realignment and Closure...the data that DLA provides to support recommendations for the 1995 Commission. The specific objective for the audits was to determine whether the
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-04-22
... No. ATF-50F; AG Order No. 3383-2013] RIN 1140-AA46 Importation of Defense Articles and Defense... pursuant to the Arms Export Control Act (AECA) and Executive Order 13637 to designate defense articles and... whether the Secretary of State controls such defense articles or defense services for purposes of export...
Overview on new diode lasers for defense applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Neukum, Joerg
2012-11-01
Diode lasers have a broad wavelength range, from the visible to beyond 2.2μm. This allows for various applications in the defense sector, ranging from classic pumping of DPSSL in range finders or target designators, up to pumping directed energy weapons in the 50+ kW range. Also direct diode applications for illumination above 1.55μm, or direct IR countermeasures are of interest. Here an overview is given on some new wavelengths and applications which are recently under discussion. In this overview the following aspects are reviewed: • High Power CW pumps at 808 / 880 / 940nm • Pumps for DPAL - Diode Pumped Alkali Lasers • High Power Diode Lasers in the range < 1.0 μm • Scalable Mini-Bar concept for high brightness fiber coupled modules • The Light Weight Fiber Coupled module based on the Mini-Bar concept Overall, High Power Diode Lasers offer many ways to be used in new applications in the defense market.
Defense Planning in the Ministry of Defense of Ukraine: Decade of Attempts and Mistakes
2015-06-01
Defense. (University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles , 1967). 22 but due to the Soviet Union basis system, it is not as efficient in...Making for Defense. University of California Press, Berkeley and Los Angeles , 1967. Hitch, Charles Johnston and Roland N. McKean. The Economics of...loss of defense is not an instantaneous phenomenon. This phenomenon has led to human disorder, blind and continuous personnel downsizing, reform of the
78 FR 68425 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-11-14
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary [Docket ID: DoD-2013-OS-0208] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Department of Defense has submitted to OMB for... Officer, Department of Defense. [FR Doc. 2013-27250 Filed 11-13-13; 8:45 am] BILLING CODE 5001-06-P ...
32 CFR 2004.12 - Reviews by ISOO [102(b)(4)].
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Reviews by ISOO [102(b)(4)]. 2004.12 Section 2004.12 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense INFORMATION SECURITY OVERSIGHT OFFICE, NATIONAL ARCHIVES AND RECORDS ADMINISTRATION NATIONAL INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PROGRAM DIRECTIVE NO. 1...
2012-09-01
III. THE DEFENSE MARKETPLACE A. DEFENSE INDUSTRY OVERVIEW The market of the defense industry in the United States is different than the commercial...marketplace in a number of respects. Lorell, Lowell, Kennedy, and Levaux (2000) defined the uniqueness of the U.S. defense market in two ways. First...the U.S. defense market for weapon systems is characterized by a single buyer (Lorell et al., 2000, p. 13). “The second distinguishing feature of
Defense Institution Building: An Assessment
2016-01-01
collectively responsible for national-level defense oversight, governance, and management. Study Objectives and Research Questions The objectives of...Defense Studies , in this case) posts a per- manent representative with the command to help recruit for resident courses, suggest courses to be...foreign military officers to conduct study and research on security-related topics Program 2 Defense institutions/ education and training
2012-04-30
select few financial measures, and by their infrequent production, have limited value in supporting the Defense Department’s knowledge refresh on the...their bread and butter business of defense production. The stable relationship that existed prior to the 1990s between defense production and
32 CFR 319.9 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record. 319.9 Section 319.9 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.9 Agency...
32 CFR 319.9 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record. 319.9 Section 319.9 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.9 Agency...
32 CFR 319.9 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record. 319.9 Section 319.9 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PRIVACY PROGRAM § 319.9 Agency...
The bacteriome-mycobiome interaction and antifungal host defense.
Oever, Jaap Ten; Netea, Mihai G
2014-11-01
Large communities of microorganisms, collectively termed the microbiome, inhabit our body surfaces. With the advent of next-generation sequencing, the diversity and abundance of these communities are being unravelled. Besides an imporant role in metabolic processes, the microbiome is essential for proper functioning of our immune system, including the defense against fungi. Despite the progress of the past years, studies aimed at characterizing our fungal colonizers (the mycobiome) are limited; nevertheless fungi are important players of the microbiome, either as a cofactor in disease or as potential pathogens. In this review, we describe the role of the bacterial microbiome in antifungal host defense. On the one hand, bacteria provide colonization resistance to fungi, inhibit Candida virulence by preventing yeast-hyphal transition and contribute to epithelial integrity, all factors are important for the pathogenesis of invasive fungal disease. On the other hand, several bacterial species modulate mucosal (antifungal) immune responses. Murine studies demonstrate important effects of the microbiome on the antifungal responses of T-helper 17 cells, regulatory T cells and innate lymphoid cells. Inferred from these studies, perturbation of the healthy microbiome should be avoided and microbiome manipulation and interventions based on bacteria-derived pathways involved in immunomodulation are attractive options for modulating antifungal host defense. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.
48 CFR 219.7106 - Performance reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Performance reviews. 219... Performance reviews. The Defense Contract Management Agency will conduct annual performance reviews of all... reviews should be a major factor in determinations of amounts of reimbursement, if any, that the mentor...
Defense Primer: A Guide for New Members
2017-03-03
1 President’s Constitutional Authority with Regard to the Armed Forces ................................... 1 The Department of Defense ...primers to give Members of Congress an overview of key aspects of the Department of Defense and how Congress exercises authority over it. A consolidated...for New Members Congressional Research Service 2 The Department of Defense CRS In Focus IF10543, Defense Primer: The Department of Defense , by
Acquisition Planning at the Defense Communications Agency.
1984-04-01
guidelines for interaction are developed under the leadership of DCA agencywide integrators with the participation of personnel from DCA, the Services...Communications System DCSO - Defense Communications System Organizatin . DDN - Defense Data Network DEC - Decision Making DG - Defense Guidance DIA - Defense
32 CFR Appendix E to Part 247 - DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System E Appendix E to Part 247 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES AND CIVILIAN...
32 CFR Appendix E to Part 247 - DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System E Appendix E to Part 247 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES AND CIVILIAN...
32 CFR Appendix E to Part 247 - DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System E Appendix E to Part 247 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES AND CIVILIAN...
32 CFR Appendix E to Part 247 - DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false DoD Command Newspaper and Magazine Review System E Appendix E to Part 247 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NEWSPAPERS, MAGAZINES AND CIVILIAN...
Defense Primer: DOD Contractors
2017-02-10
contractors . A defense contractor , as defined by the Code of Federal Regulations, is “any individual, firm, corporation, partnership, association...158.3, “Definitions”). Within the defense policy community, the term contractor is commonly used in two different contexts. The word can describe
Density-dependent adjustment of inducible defenses.
Tollrian, Ralph; Duggen, Sonja; Weiss, Linda C; Laforsch, Christian; Kopp, Michael
2015-08-03
Predation is a major factor driving evolution, and organisms have evolved adaptations increasing their survival chances. However, most defenses incur trade-offs between benefits and costs. Many organisms save costs by employing inducible defenses as responses to fluctuating predation risk. The level of defense often increases with predator densities. However, individual predation risk should not only depend on predator density but also on the density of conspecifics. If the predator has a saturating functional response one would predict a negative correlation between prey density and individual predation risk and hence defense expression. Here, we tested this hypothesis using six model systems, covering a taxonomic range from protozoa to rotifers and crustaceans. In all six systems, we found that the level of defense expression increased with predator density but decreased with prey density. In one of our systems, i.e. in Daphnia, we further show that the response to prey density is triggered by a chemical cue released by conspecifics and congeners. Our results indicate that organisms adjust the degree of defense to the acute predation risk, rather than merely to predators' densities. Our study suggests that density-dependent defense expression reflects accurate predation-risk assessment and is a general principle in many inducible-defense systems.
Density-dependent adjustment of inducible defenses
Tollrian, Ralph; Duggen, Sonja; Weiss, Linda C.; Laforsch, Christian; Kopp, Michael
2015-01-01
Predation is a major factor driving evolution, and organisms have evolved adaptations increasing their survival chances. However, most defenses incur trade-offs between benefits and costs. Many organisms save costs by employing inducible defenses as responses to fluctuating predation risk. The level of defense often increases with predator densities. However, individual predation risk should not only depend on predator density but also on the density of conspecifics. If the predator has a saturating functional response one would predict a negative correlation between prey density and individual predation risk and hence defense expression. Here, we tested this hypothesis using six model systems, covering a taxonomic range from protozoa to rotifers and crustaceans. In all six systems, we found that the level of defense expression increased with predator density but decreased with prey density. In one of our systems, i.e. in Daphnia, we further show that the response to prey density is triggered by a chemical cue released by conspecifics and congeners. Our results indicate that organisms adjust the degree of defense to the acute predation risk, rather than merely to predators’ densities. Our study suggests that density-dependent defense expression reflects accurate predation-risk assessment and is a general principle in many inducible-defense systems. PMID:26235428
Nonoffensive defense is overrated
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Flanagan, S.J.
1988-09-01
Some Western analysts argue that European security would stabilize if nations shifted to forces and doctrines that left them structurally incapable of conducting offensive military actions. Some, including American scholar Gene Sharp, have even called for replacing traditional military forces with plans for civilian-based resistance. Purely defensive postures would be reassuring to neighboring states, all of these theorists say, but such defenses would still be strong enough to defeat an attack if deterrence failed. This defensive-only stance, according to its advocates, is a purer form of deterrence by denial than now exists, since it removes even the possibility of inflictingmore » punishment in retaliation for an attack: it deters only be denying victory. But Mr. Flanagan questions whether such defense actually would serve as a credible deterrent. In addition, the various proposed schemes share some serious weaknesses, which he proceeds to discuss. 5 refs.« less
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... support of the Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.304 Section 724.304 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Director, Secretary of the Navy Council of Review Boards and President Naval Discharge Review Board; Responsibilities in...
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... support of the Naval Discharge Review Board. 724.304 Section 724.304 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Director, Secretary of the Navy Council of Review Boards and President Naval Discharge Review Board; Responsibilities in...
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-10
...' Purchasing Systems Reviews AGENCIES: Department of Defense (DOD), General Services Administration (GSA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Notice of request for public comments... collection requirement concerning contractors' purchasing systems reviews. A request for public comments was...
32 CFR 2400.41 - Office Review Committee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Office of Science and Technology Policy Information Security Program Management § 2400.41 Office Review...
32 CFR 2400.41 - Office Review Committee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Office of Science and Technology Policy Information Security Program Management § 2400.41 Office Review...
32 CFR 2400.41 - Office Review Committee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Office of Science and Technology Policy Information Security Program Management § 2400.41 Office Review...
32 CFR 2400.41 - Office Review Committee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Office of Science and Technology Policy Information Security Program Management § 2400.41 Office Review...
32 CFR 2400.41 - Office Review Committee.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY REGULATIONS TO IMPLEMENT E.O. 12356; OFFICE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY POLICY INFORMATION SECURITY PROGRAM Office of Science and Technology Policy Information Security Program Management § 2400.41 Office Review...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Hujar, Frances B.
1979-01-01
The bona fide occupational qualification defense is interpreted narrowly and is most likely to be applied in job situations that involve the safety of others. Available from Baylor Law Review, B.U. Station, Box 6262, Waco, TX 76706. (Author/IRT)
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ponte, Dana Adrienne
2016-01-01
This study posits that the National Defense Education Act of 1958 (NDEA) represented the culmination of nearly a century-long process through which education was linked to national defense in periods of wartime, and later retained a strategic utility for defense purposes in times of peace. That a defense rationale for federal support of public…
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Anderson, Lowell Bruce; Bracken, Jerome; Bracken, Marilyn C.
This volume compiles, and presents in integrated form, the Institute for Defense Analyses' (IDA) quantitative analysis of educational quality provided by the Department of Defense's dependent schools. It covers the quantitative aspects of volume 1 in greater detail and presents some analyses deemed too technical for that volume. The first task in…
2016-06-01
2014.13 We obtained documentary and testimonial evidence from senior officials in the Office of the Deputy Chief Management Officer to determine the...reviews. OSD Organizational Delayering Initiative This review of OSD-related organizations is intended to reduce layers of management and staff. As...Defense Program IGCA Inherently Governmental / Commercial Activities ODCMO Office of the Deputy Chief Management Officer OSD Office of the
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-24
... the interim rule. Contractor business systems and internal controls are the first line of defense... contractor's accounting system shall provide for management reviews or internal audits of the contractor's... controls as part of any evaluation as to the reliability of information produced by a business system(s...
47 CFR 90.411 - Civil defense communications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Civil defense communications. 90.411 Section 90... PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Operating Requirements § 90.411 Civil defense communications. The... necessary for the implementation of civil defense activities assigned such station by local civil defense...
47 CFR 90.411 - Civil defense communications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Civil defense communications. 90.411 Section 90... PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Operating Requirements § 90.411 Civil defense communications. The... necessary for the implementation of civil defense activities assigned such station by local civil defense...
47 CFR 90.411 - Civil defense communications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Civil defense communications. 90.411 Section 90... PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Operating Requirements § 90.411 Civil defense communications. The... necessary for the implementation of civil defense activities assigned such station by local civil defense...
47 CFR 90.411 - Civil defense communications.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Civil defense communications. 90.411 Section 90... PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Operating Requirements § 90.411 Civil defense communications. The... necessary for the implementation of civil defense activities assigned such station by local civil defense...
DCT-based cyber defense techniques
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Amsalem, Yaron; Puzanov, Anton; Bedinerman, Anton; Kutcher, Maxim; Hadar, Ofer
2015-09-01
With the increasing popularity of video streaming services and multimedia sharing via social networks, there is a need to protect the multimedia from malicious use. An attacker may use steganography and watermarking techniques to embed malicious content, in order to attack the end user. Most of the attack algorithms are robust to basic image processing techniques such as filtering, compression, noise addition, etc. Hence, in this article two novel, real-time, defense techniques are proposed: Smart threshold and anomaly correction. Both techniques operate at the DCT domain, and are applicable for JPEG images and H.264 I-Frames. The defense performance was evaluated against a highly robust attack, and the perceptual quality degradation was measured by the well-known PSNR and SSIM quality assessment metrics. A set of defense techniques is suggested for improving the defense efficiency. For the most aggressive attack configuration, the combination of all the defense techniques results in 80% protection against cyber-attacks with PSNR of 25.74 db.
Strategic Missile Defense & Nuclear Deterrence
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Grego, Laura
The United States has pursued defenses against nuclear-armed long-range ballistic missiles since at least the 1950s. At the same time, concerns that missile defenses could undermine nuclear deterrence and potentially spark an arms race led the United States and Soviet Union to negotiate limits on these systems. The 1972 Anti-Ballistic Missile Treaty constrained strategic missile defenses for thirty years. After abandoning the treaty in 2002, President George W. Bush began fielding the Ground-based Midcourse Defense (GMD) homeland missile defense system on an extremely aggressive schedule, nominally to respond to threats from North Korea and Iran. Today, nearly fifteen years after its initial deployment, the potential and the limits of this homeland missile defense are apparent. Its test record is poor and it has no demonstrated ability to stop an incoming missile under real-world conditions. No credible strategy is in place to solve the issue of discriminating countermeasures. Insufficient oversight has not only exacerbated the GMD system's problems, but has obscured their full extent, which could encourage politicians and military leaders to make decisions that actually increase the risk of a missile attack against the United States. These are not the only costs. Both Russia and China have repeatedly expressed concerns that U.S. missile defenses adversely affect their own strategic capabilities and interests, particularly taken in light of the substantial US nuclear forces. This in turn affects these countries' nuclear modernization priorities. This talk will provide a technical overview of the US strategic missile defense system, and how it relates to deterrence against non-peer adversaries as well as how it affects deterrence with Russia and China and the long-term prospects for nuclear reductions
Secured network sensor-based defense system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wei, Sixiao; Shen, Dan; Ge, Linqiang; Yu, Wei; Blasch, Erik P.; Pham, Khanh D.; Chen, Genshe
2015-05-01
Network sensor-based defense (NSD) systems have been widely used to defend against cyber threats. Nonetheless, if the adversary finds ways to identify the location of monitor sensors, the effectiveness of NSD systems can be reduced. In this paper, we propose both temporal and spatial perturbation based defense mechanisms to secure NSD systems and make the monitor sensor invisible to the adversary. The temporal-perturbation based defense manipulates the timing information of published data so that the probability of successfully recognizing monitor sensors can be reduced. The spatial-perturbation based defense dynamically redeploys monitor sensors in the network so that the adversary cannot obtain the complete information to recognize all of the monitor sensors. We carried out experiments using real-world traffic traces to evaluate the effectiveness of our proposed defense mechanisms. Our data shows that our proposed defense mechanisms can reduce the attack accuracy of recognizing detection sensors.
Self-eating and self-defense: autophagy controls innate immunity and adaptive immunity.
Liu, Guangwei; Bi, Yujing; Wang, Ruoning; Wang, Xianghui
2013-04-01
Autophagy (macroautophagy; "self-eating") is a degradation process, in which cytoplasmic content is engulfed and degraded by the lysosome. And, immunity is an important mechanism of the "self-defense" system. Autophagy has long been recognized as a stress response to nutrient deprivation. This will provide energy and anabolic building blocks to maintain cellular bioenergetic homeostasis. Thus, autophagy plays critical roles in regulating a wide variety of pathophysiological processes, including tumorigenesis, embryo development, tissue remodeling, and most recently, immunity. The latter shows that a self-eating (autophagy) process could regulate a self-defense (immune) system. In this review, we summarize the recent findings regarding the regulatory and mechanistic insights of the autophagy pathway in immunity.
Defense Mechanisms: A Bibliography.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pedrini, D. T.; Pedrini, Bonnie C.
This bibliography includes studies of defense mechanisms, in general, and studies of multiple mechanisms. Defense mechanisms, briefly and simply defined, are the unconscious ego defendants against unpleasure, threat, or anxiety. Sigmund Freud deserves the clinical credit for studying many mechanisms and introducing them in professional literature.…
Stein, Pamela Sparks; Richardson, April D; Challman, Sandra D
2008-01-01
The following study describes a creative application of anatomical principles in the instruction of self-defense. Undergraduates at the University of Kentucky were invited to a special lecture that featured a series of self-defense moves introduced by a local police officer. Following a demonstration of each self-defense tactic, the students were briefed on the anatomy of both the victim and the assailant that contributed to the overall effectiveness of each move. This approach was unique in that students learned critical knowledge of self-defense while reinforcing anatomical principles previously introduced in class. Moreover, this integration of topics prompted students to think about their response to potentially dangerous situations on campus. (c) 2008 American Association of Anatomists.
Function of ABA in Stomatal Defense against Biotic and Drought Stresses
Lim, Chae Woo; Baek, Woonhee; Jung, Jangho; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Lee, Sung Chul
2015-01-01
The plant hormone abscisic acid (ABA) regulates many key processes involved in plant development and adaptation to biotic and abiotic stresses. Under stress conditions, plants synthesize ABA in various organs and initiate defense mechanisms, such as the regulation of stomatal aperture and expression of defense-related genes conferring resistance to environmental stresses. The regulation of stomatal opening and closure is important to pathogen defense and control of transpirational water loss. Recent studies using a combination of approaches, including genetics, physiology, and molecular biology, have contributed considerably to our understanding of ABA signal transduction. A number of proteins associated with ABA signaling and responses—especially ABA receptors—have been identified. ABA signal transduction initiates signal perception by ABA receptors and transfer via downstream proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases. In the present review, we focus on the function of ABA in stomatal defense against biotic and abiotic stresses, through analysis of each ABA signal component and the relationships of these components in the complex network of interactions. In particular, two ABA signal pathway models in response to biotic and abiotic stress were proposed, from stress signaling to stomatal closure, involving the pyrabactin resistance (PYR)/PYR-like (PYL) or regulatory component of ABA receptor (RCAR) family proteins, 2C-type protein phosphatases, and SnRK2-type protein kinases. PMID:26154766
Brandt, Stephanie L; Serezani, C Henrique
2017-10-01
The ability to regulate inflammatory pathways and host defense mechanisms is critical for maintaining homeostasis and responding to infections and tissue injury. While unbalanced inflammation is detrimental to the host; inadequate inflammation might not provide effective signals required to eliminate pathogens. On the other hand, aberrant inflammation could result in organ damage and impair host defense. The lipid mediator leukotriene B 4 (LTB 4 ) is a potent neutrophil chemoattractant and recently, its role as a dominant molecule that amplifies many arms of phagocyte antimicrobial effector function has been unveiled. However, excessive LTB 4 production contributes to disease severity in chronic inflammatory diseases such as diabetes and arthritis, which could potentially be involved in poor host defense in these groups of patients. In this review we discuss the cellular and molecular programs elicited during LTB 4 production and actions on innate immunity host defense mechanisms as well as potential therapeutic strategies to improve host defense. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
22 CFR 120.9 - Defense service.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... Defense service. (a) Defense service means: (1) The furnishing of assistance (including training) to..., destruction, processing or use of defense articles; (2) The furnishing to foreign persons of any technical...) Military training of foreign units and forces, regular and irregular, including formal or informal...
Variation in plant defense suppresses herbivore performance
Pearse, Ian; Paul, Ryan; Ode, Paul J.
2018-01-01
Defensive variability of crops and natural systems can alter herbivore communities and reduce herbivory. However, it is still unknown how defense variability translates into herbivore suppression. Nonlinear averaging and constraints in physiological tracking (also more generally called time-dependent effects) are the two mechanisms by which defense variability might impact herbivores. We conducted a set of experiments manipulating the mean and variability of a plant defense, showing that defense variability does suppress herbivore performance and that it does so through physiological tracking effects that cannot be explained by nonlinear averaging. While nonlinear averaging predicted higher or the same herbivore performance on a variable defense than on an invariable defense, we show that variability actually decreased herbivore performance and population growth rate. Defense variability reduces herbivore performance in a way that is more than the average of its parts. This is consistent with constraints in physiological matching of detoxification systems for herbivores experiencing variable toxin levels in their diet and represents a more generalizable way of understanding the impacts of variability on herbivory. Increasing defense variability in croplands at a scale encountered by individual herbivores can suppress herbivory, even if that is not anticipated by nonlinear averaging.
75 FR 33587 - Defense Science Board; Correction
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-14
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Science Board; Correction AGENCY: Department..., DoD published a notice (75 FR 32416) announcing a meeting of the Defense Science Board Task Force. In... published a notice announcing a meeting of the Defense Science Board Task Force on the Survivability of DoD...
Mood States Associated with Induced Defensiveness.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Jaderlund, Natasha Slesnick; Waldron, Holly Barrett
1994-01-01
Compared effects of neutral and defensive mood induction in 70 students reporting conflicted versus nonconflicted families for presence of hostility, aggression, fear, anxiety, and sadness. Found that defensive students from high-conflict families reported stronger negative emotions than did neutral high-conflict and defensive low-conflict…
77 FR 66824 - Performance Review Board Membership
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-07
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Performance Review Board Membership AGENCY... Performance Review Board for the Department of the Army. DATES: Effective Date: November 15, 2012. FOR FURTHER... performance review boards. The boards shall review and evaluate the initial appraisal of senior executives...
75 FR 70915 - Performance Review Board Membership
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-11-19
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Performance Review Board Membership AGENCY... Performance Review Board for the Department of the Army. DATES: Effective Date: November 16, 2010. FOR FURTHER... performance review boards. The boards shall review and evaluate the initial appraisal of senior executives...
76 FR 70428 - Performance Review Board Membership
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-14
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Performance Review Board Membership AGENCY... Performance Review Board for the Department of the Army. DATES: Effective Date: November 14, 2011. FOR FURTHER... performance review boards. The boards shall review and evaluate the initial appraisal of senior executives...
78 FR 63460 - Performance Review Board Membership
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-24
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Department of the Army Performance Review Board Membership AGENCY... Performance Review Board for the Department of the Army. DATES: Effective Date: November 21, 2013. FOR FURTHER... performance review boards. The boards shall review and evaluate the initial appraisal of senior executives...
Self-Defense Distributed Engagement Coordinator
2016-02-01
its countermeasures. Whether a missile is defeated with an interceptor, undermined by a signal jammer, or diverted by a decoy, there is Self - Defense ...anti-ship threats and recommends actions to the personnel coordinating ship self - defense . This tool was recognized with a 2015 R&D 100 Award. a cost...reloading process, and may not be possible at all. The Self - Defense Distributed Engagement Coordinator (SDDEC) is designed to provide automated battle
1976-01-01
isionmak ing, —th- role of the service secretaries, and —changing workload. GAO recomends that the Secretary of Defense grcduaily implement a system to...clarify Office of the Secretary of Defense decision points in service program review and evaluation, and strongly tr.dorse the role of the service...i n —itarn —r",m\\t .->-—-.i. • ., •— —_:——^... . --.,„, . OSD SUGGESTIONS FOR CONSOLIDAVION I each o indcpe percen indepe conduc
48 CFR 215.270 - Peer Reviews.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Peer Reviews. 215.270 Section 215.270 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT... of Proposals and Information 215.270 Peer Reviews. Agency officials shall conduct Peer Reviews in...
The methodological defense of realism scrutinized.
Wray, K Brad
2015-12-01
I revisit an older defense of scientific realism, the methodological defense, a defense developed by both Popper and Feyerabend. The methodological defense of realism concerns the attitude of scientists, not philosophers of science. The methodological defense is as follows: a commitment to realism leads scientists to pursue the truth, which in turn is apt to put them in a better position to get at the truth. In contrast, anti-realists lack the tenacity required to develop a theory to its fullest. As a consequence, they are less likely to get at the truth. My aim is to show that the methodological defense is flawed. I argue that a commitment to realism does not always benefit science, and that there is reason to believe that a research community with both realists and anti-realists in it may be better suited to advancing science. A case study of the Copernican Revolution in astronomy supports this claim. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
2006-05-23
average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed...and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of...Applications started offering Technology Applications Reviews , which had grown out of SDIO briefings to other Defense organizations (Army, Navy, Air
Variation in Plant Defense Suppresses Herbivore Performance.
Pearse, Ian S; Paul, Ryan; Ode, Paul J
2018-06-18
Defensive variability of crops and natural systems can alter herbivore communities and reduce herbivory [1, 2]. However, it is still unknown how defense variability translates into herbivore suppression. Nonlinear averaging and constraints in physiological tracking (also more generally called time-dependent effects) are the two mechanisms by which defense variability might impact herbivores [3, 4]. We conducted a set of experiments manipulating the mean and variability of a plant defense, showing that defense variability does suppress herbivore performance and that it does so through physiological tracking effects that cannot be explained by nonlinear averaging. While nonlinear averaging predicted higher or the same herbivore performance on a variable defense than on an invariable defense, we show that variability actually decreased herbivore performance and population growth rate. Defense variability reduces herbivore performance in a way that is more than the average of its parts. This is consistent with constraints in physiological matching of detoxification systems for herbivores experiencing variable toxin levels in their diet and represents a more generalizable way of understanding the impacts of variability on herbivory [5]. Increasing defense variability in croplands at a scale encountered by individual herbivores can suppress herbivory, even if that is not anticipated by nonlinear averaging. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
32 CFR 320.7 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record. 320.7 Section 320.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320...
32 CFR 320.7 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record. 320.7 Section 320.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320...
32 CFR 320.7 - Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 32 National Defense 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Agency review of request for correction or amendment of record. 320.7 Section 320.7 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE (CONTINUED) PRIVACY PROGRAM NATIONAL GEOSPATIAL-INTELLIGENCE AGENCY (NGA) PRIVACY § 320...
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Office of Civil Defense (DOD), Washington, DC.
Civil defense is a planned, coordinated action to protect the population during any emergency whether arising from thermonuclear attack or natural disaster. The Federal Government has assumed four responsibilities--(1) to keep track of the nature of the threat which the civil defense program must meet, (2) to prepare and disseminate information…
Defense Workforce Training Programs.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Fletcher, J. D.; And Others
This report discusses the amount and kinds of Department of Defense (DoD) interactive courseware (ICW) programs that are candidates for transfer to the private sector. Candidates for transfer were identified through an analysis of the Defense Instructional Technology Information System (DITIS). Out of 4,644 ICW programs that have been reported to…
32 CFR 2001.16 - Fundamental classification guidance review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fundamental classification guidance review. 2001... INFORMATION Classification § 2001.16 Fundamental classification guidance review. (a) Performance of fundamental classification guidance reviews. An initial fundamental classification guidance review shall be...
76 FR 80903 - Mandatory Declassification Review Addresses
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-12-27
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Mandatory Declassification Review Addresses AGENCY... addresses to which Mandatory Declassification Review requests may be sent. This notice benefits the public in advising them where to send such requests for declassification review. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...
32 CFR 2001.31 - Systematic declassification review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Systematic declassification review. 2001.31... Declassification § 2001.31 Systematic declassification review. (a) General. Agencies shall establish systematic review programs for those records containing information exempted from automatic declassification. This...
32 CFR 2001.31 - Systematic declassification review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Systematic declassification review. 2001.31... Declassification § 2001.31 Systematic declassification review. (a) General. Agencies shall establish systematic review programs for those records containing information exempted from automatic declassification. This...
22 CFR 120.6 - Defense article.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Defense article. 120.6 Section 120.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.6 Defense article. Defense article means any item or technical data designated in § 121.1 of this subchapter...
22 CFR 120.6 - Defense article.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Defense article. 120.6 Section 120.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.6 Defense article. Defense article means any item or technical data designated in § 121.1 of this subchapter...
22 CFR 120.6 - Defense article.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Defense article. 120.6 Section 120.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.6 Defense article. Defense article means any item or technical data designated in § 121.1 of this subchapter...
22 CFR 120.6 - Defense article.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Defense article. 120.6 Section 120.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.6 Defense article. Defense article means any item or technical data designated in § 121.1 of this subchapter...
22 CFR 120.6 - Defense article.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Defense article. 120.6 Section 120.6 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.6 Defense article. Defense article means any item or technical data designated in § 121.1 of this subchapter...
Kumnig, Martin; Jowsey, Sheila G; Moreno, Elisa; Brandacher, Gerald; Azari, Kodi; Rumpold, Gerhard
2014-05-16
The technical demands of reconstructive hand transplantation (RHT) and need for complex multidisciplinary care have led to intense research efforts to improve patient care and outcomes. However, RHT is an extraordinary life event which carries the potential for long-term consequences including psychological distress, which invokes coping and defense mechanisms. Little is known about the relationship between psychological defense mechanisms and health outcomes in RHT patients. In an effort to elucidate this relationship, we studied seven RHT patients who underwent standardized psychological assessment either pre- or post transplantation. No single defense concept was identified as common to all patients, which we suspect was due in part to the varied mechanisms of hand loss. All seven patients demonstrated diverse psychological reactions to RHT. The self-reported defense styles were associated with psychological adjustment. The patients who reported defenses that distorted reality described less adaptive functioning and psychological well-being. These preliminary findings reveal the varied psychological mechanisms invoked in RHT patients. An assessment of defense mechanisms should be part of multicenter evaluation protocols that address unique psychosocial aspects of RHT in large samples, in order to better guide psychological management.
Defense.gov Special Report: Travels with Carter
Department of Defense Submit Search Travels With Carter Deputy Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter July 2012 After a 10-day Asia trip, Deputy Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter said he had succeeded in informing , U.S. Troops at End of Asia-Pacific Tour U.S. Deputy Defense Secretary Ashton B. Carter got a close
Lobato, Maria Inês; Koff, Walter José; Crestana, Tiago; Chaves, Camila; Salvador, Jaqueline; Petry, Analídia Rodolpho; Silveira, Esalba; Henriques, Alexandre Annes; Cervo, Fábio; Böhme, Eduardo Siam; Massuda, Raffael
2009-12-01
To evaluate the impact of sex reassignment surgery on the defense mechanisms of 32 transsexual patients at two different points in time using the Defensive Style Questionnaire. The Defensive Style Questionnaire was applied to 32 patients upon their admission to the Gender Identity Disorder Program, and 12 months after they had undergone sex reassignment surgery. There were changes in two defense mechanisms: anticipation and idealization. However, no significant differences were observed in terms of the mature, neurotic and immature categories. One possible explanation for this result is the fact that the procedure does not resolve gender dysphoria, which is a core symptom in such patients. Another aspect is related to the early onset of the gender identity disorder, which determines a more regressive defensive structure in these patients. Sex reassignment surgery did not improve the defensive profile as measured by the Defensive Style Questionnaire.
Defense Dollars and Sense: A Common Cause Guide to the Defense Budget Process.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Rovner, Mark
Designed to increase public awareness of military spending, this 5-part guide examines the process and problems of preparing the national defense budget. The publication begins with a brief overview of the 1984 defense budget. Major military programs, trends in budgeting, and key concerns in budget formulation are explored. Graphs and charts…
At quadrennial geophysics fest, earth scientists think globally
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Kerr, R.A.
1995-07-28
This article focuses on two areas of current research interest from the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics meeting in July 1995. The first is the possible long and unlikely seeming change of connections. Linked are the warm surface of the tropical Pacific Ocean, the atmosphere at the midlatitudes in the Southern Hemisphere and the icy stratosphere over Antarctica where the warming of the sea surface 15 years ago may have set the stage for the Antarctic ozone hole. The second major research research reviewed concerned increases in ultraviolet light. Surface radiation in the DNA-damaging region of the spectrum ismore » increasing by as much as 12% per decade at high latitudes.« less
Department of Defense Chemical and Biological Defense Program. Annual Report to Congress
2008-05-01
defense system acquisition costs through collaboration in the areas of development, production , and support, and to enhance interoperability with...security area leverages S&T efforts of the other product areas. Where unmet requirements are identified and where S&T is required to meet cost ...Defense Program Inventory Requirements The industrial base, which has scaled down since the end of the Cold War, has stabilized. Ongoing military
The current status of the elemental defense hypothesis in relation to pathogens
Hörger, Anja C.; Fones, Helen N.; Preston, Gail M.
2013-01-01
Metal hyperaccumulating plants are able to accumulate exceptionally high concentrations of metals, such as zinc, nickel, or cadmium, in their aerial tissues. These metals reach concentrations that would be toxic to most other plant species. This trait has evolved multiple times independently in the plant kingdom. Recent studies have provided new insight into the ecological and evolutionary significance of this trait, by showing that some metal hyperaccumulating plants can use high concentrations of accumulated metals to defend themselves against attack by pathogenic microorganisms and herbivores. Here, we review the evidence that metal hyperaccumulation acts as a defensive trait in plants, with particular emphasis on plant–pathogen interactions. We discuss the mechanisms by which defense against pathogens might have driven the evolution of metal hyperaccumulation, including the interaction of this trait with other forms of defense. In particular, we consider how physiological adaptations and fitness costs associated with metal hyperaccumulation could have resulted in trade-offs between metal hyperaccumulation and other defenses. Drawing on current understanding of the population ecology of metal hyperaccumulator plants, we consider the conditions that might have been necessary for metal hyperaccumulation to be selected as a defensive trait, and discuss the likelihood that these were fulfilled. Based on these conditions, we propose a possible scenario for the evolution of metal hyperaccumulation, in which selective pressure for resistance to pathogens or herbivores, combined with gene flow from non-metallicolous populations, increases the likelihood that the metal hyperaccumulating trait becomes established in plant populations. PMID:24137169
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Givler, Jill I.
2005-01-01
Resources for self-defense training programs have become more popular and available over the last few years. Introducing a self-defense unit as part of a school physical education program is a wonderful way to address a number of psychosocial issues that prevail among teenagers today. The physical skills learned in this type of program allow…
Whither Ballistic Missile Defense?
1992-11-30
Conference on Technical Marketing 2000: Opportunities and Strategies for a Changing World) I intend to discuss the prospects for SDI in a changing...Technical Marketing 2000: Opportunities and Strategies for a Changing World) Descriptors, Keywords: Cooper Speech Ballistic Missile Defense...WHITHER BALLISTIC MISSILE DEFENSE? BY AMBASSADOR HENRY F. COOPER NOVEMBER 30,1992 TECHNICAL MARKETING SOCIETY OF AMERICA WASHINGTON, DC
32 CFR 169a.8 - Inventory and review schedule (Report Control Symbol DD-P&L(A)).
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Inventory and review schedule (Report Control Symbol DD-P&L(A)). 169a.8 Section 169a.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.8 Inventory...
32 CFR 169a.8 - Inventory and review schedule (Report Control Symbol DD-P&L(A)).
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Inventory and review schedule (Report Control Symbol DD-P&L(A)). 169a.8 Section 169a.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.8 Inventory...
32 CFR 169a.8 - Inventory and review schedule (Report Control Symbol DD-P&L(A)).
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Inventory and review schedule (Report Control Symbol DD-P&L(A)). 169a.8 Section 169a.8 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Procedures § 169a.8 Inventory...
ACHP | Defense Department Compliance with NHPA
NHPA: Section 202(a)(6) Evaluation Report Defense Department Compliance with the National Historic )(6) Evaluation Report is a preliminary step in helping the Department of Defense marshall its Search skip specific nav links Home arrow Publications arrow Intro: Defense Department Compliance with
Defense.gov Special Report: Travels With Work
Department of Defense Submit Search Travels With Work Deputy Defense Secretary Robert O. Work April 2015 Flag of Germany Germany Flag of U.S.A. USA Deputy Defense Secretary Bob Work is on a five-day trip isn't a piece of equipment - it's the men and women who serve, Deputy Defense Secretary Bob Work said
The Art and Science of Defense Logistics
1995-04-01
The Art And Science Of Defense Logistics CSC 1995 SUBJECT AREA - Logistics THE ART AND SCIENCE OF DEFENSE LOGISTICS...Government EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Title: The Art and Science of Defense Logistics Author: Major S. I. Schuler, USMC Research Questions: 1...00-1995 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Art And Science Of Defense Logistics 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6
United States Department of Defense: Agency Financial Report Fiscal Year 2014
2014-01-01
Defense Review (QDR) 2014 to Congress in March 2014. The QDR is a legislatively -mandated report, issued every four years, that evaluates the...Operational Test & Evaluation General Counsel, DoD ASD ( Legislative Affairs) ATSD (Public Affairs) DoD Chief Information Officer Director, Net...in Billions Breakout Accounts Payable $19.8 1% Military Retirement and Employment Benefits $2,334.0 95% Environmental and Disposal Liabilities
Defense Contract Management Agency Santa Ana Quality Assurance Oversight Needs lmprovement
2013-04-19
Management Agency Santa Ana Quality Assurance Oversight Needs Improvement What We Did We determined whether the Defense Contract Management Agency (DCMA...for critical safety items (CSIs). For this audit, we reviewed QA oversight of four contracts valued at about $278 million. What We Found The DCMA...limited assurance that 18,507 critical safety items, consisting of T-11 parachutes, oxygen masks, drone parachutes, and breathing apparatuses met
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Oath or Affirmation To Be Administered To Discharge Review Board Members B Appendix B to Part 724 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Pt. 724, App. B Appendix B to Part 724—Oath or...
1983-05-01
advertising. Traditionally defense marketing and advertising focused on decision makers within the defense conuunity and Congress. While it appears that...focus may be- starting to change, marketing and advertising remain highly directed and concentrated in defense oriented media. marketing was oriented to
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-20
... (DHB); Department of Defense Task Force on the Prevention of Suicide by Members of the Armed Forces... announces a meeting of the Department of Defense Task Force on the Prevention of Suicide by Members of the... Secretary, Department of Defense Task Force on the Prevention of Suicide by Members of the Armed Forces, One...
1984-05-16
3a - vDE Or 4EPORT 13b M COvERED :W)AE OF REPOR~ r or ay 5~ COu.N. *Technical :ROM 821201 -o 8451" 1984, May 16"a 238" 0y 5-I o. * 6 Su POLEMETARY...34 International Defense Review, Vol. 12, No. 3 (1979). 82. Geneste, Colonel Marc. ’La Bataille Terrestre Nuc1~aire,5 Strategie, (July-September 1976). 83.t, u...Strategi- gues, Nucl~aires Tactiques, Terrestres Maritimes et Aeriennes,’ Le Figaro, April 21, 1983. 182. Everts, Philip P. ’Reviving Unilateralism
Overhead Allocation and Incentives for Cost Minimization in Defense Procurement
1992-01-01
Staff. The publication should be of interest to researchers and policymakers who are concerned about the effects of profit policy and cost - account ...ing regulations on business incentives, system costs , and contractor profits. A shorter version of this report has appeared in The Accounting Re- view... Accounting Review. ii SUMMARY Defense firms typically produce a large number of products and it is often difficult to keep track of the cost of producing
32 CFR 1901.45 - Notification of decision and right of judicial review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Notification of decision and right of judicial review. 1901.45 Section 1901.45 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PUBLIC RIGHTS UNDER THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 Action on Privacy Act Administrative Appeals...
32 CFR 1901.45 - Notification of decision and right of judicial review.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Notification of decision and right of judicial review. 1901.45 Section 1901.45 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense CENTRAL INTELLIGENCE AGENCY PUBLIC RIGHTS UNDER THE PRIVACY ACT OF 1974 Action on Privacy Act Administrative Appeals...
Assistant Secretary of Defense for Legislative Affairs
Links Mission Congressional Links Secretary of Defense James Mattis
Defense James Mattis" title=" Secretary of Defense James Mattis" /> The
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commercial Activities Inventory Report and Five-Year Review Schedule B Appendix B to Part 169a National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE DEFENSE CONTRACTING COMMERCIAL ACTIVITIES PROGRAM PROCEDURES Pt. 169a, App. B Appendix...
1992-09-09
ASHER Office of the Assistant Secretary of Defense (Program, Analysis & Evaluation) MR. JAMES C. PILGER Office of the Assistant Secretary of the Army...CHANGES TO THE MAJOR WEAPONS SYSTEM ACQUISITION PROCESS The major weapon system acquisition processes forged during the Cold War may not be practical...No one can estimate the extent of cost growth with a high degree of accuracy. However, review of 30-40 years of cold war history dops allow the
Missile defense and strategic stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea
Sankaran, Jaganath; Fearey, Bryan L.
2017-02-06
South Korea is threatened by its troubled relationship with North Korea. North Korea possesses a large cache of missiles as well as chemical and biological weapons, and the future potential to mount nuclear weapons on its missiles. The United States is also challenged because of its defense commitments to Seoul. As a countermeasure, the United States and South Korea decided to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defenses in South Korea. However, China has objected. Chinese scholars believe the THAAD radar would be able to track Chinese inter-continental ballistic missiles, thereby weakening their deterrent. A technical analysis doesmore » not support this assertion. But, it is vital for South Korea, given its proximity and economic interdependence, to reassure China. The United States Forces Korea will deploy THAD and that is not a commitment by Seoul to become part of U.S.-led missile defenses in the Asia-Pacific.« less
Missile defense and strategic stability: Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) in South Korea
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Sankaran, Jaganath; Fearey, Bryan L.
South Korea is threatened by its troubled relationship with North Korea. North Korea possesses a large cache of missiles as well as chemical and biological weapons, and the future potential to mount nuclear weapons on its missiles. The United States is also challenged because of its defense commitments to Seoul. As a countermeasure, the United States and South Korea decided to deploy Terminal High Altitude Area Defense (THAAD) missile defenses in South Korea. However, China has objected. Chinese scholars believe the THAAD radar would be able to track Chinese inter-continental ballistic missiles, thereby weakening their deterrent. A technical analysis doesmore » not support this assertion. But, it is vital for South Korea, given its proximity and economic interdependence, to reassure China. The United States Forces Korea will deploy THAD and that is not a commitment by Seoul to become part of U.S.-led missile defenses in the Asia-Pacific.« less
75 FR 11868 - Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-12
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting AGENCY... Prevention of Suicide by Members of the Armed Forces, a subcommittee of the Defense Health Board (DHB), will.... Additional information, agenda updates, and meeting registration are available online at the Defense Health...
Leading Through Civilian Power: The First Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review
2010-01-01
military power as equal pillars of U.S. for- eign policy. She called for an integrated “ smart power” approach to solving global problems—a concept that is...ing the latest tools and technologies, as well as the innovators and entrepreneurs behind them, and integrating them into our diplomacy and...and planning that will allow us to work smarter to advance our nation’s interests and values. i. buiLding a 21St cEntury workforcE Smart power
75 FR 5289 - Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-02-02
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting AGENCY... announces that the Defense Health Board (DHB or Board) will meet on March 1-2, 2010, to address and.... Feeks, Executive Secretary, Defense Health Board, Five Skyline Place, 5111 Leesburg Pike, Suite 810...
48 CFR 225.7902 - Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. 225.7902 Section 225.7902 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION EXPORT CONTROL 225.7902 Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. This...
48 CFR 225.7902 - Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. 225.7902 Section 225.7902 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION EXPORT CONTROL 225.7902 Defense Trade Cooperation Treaties. This...
Active Computer Network Defense: An Assessment
2001-04-01
sufficient base of knowledge in information technology can be assumed to be working on some form of computer network warfare, even if only defensive in...the Defense Information Infrastructure (DII) to attack. Transmission Control Protocol/ Internet Protocol (TCP/IP) networks are inherently resistant to...aims to create this part of information superiority, and computer network defense is one of its fundamental components. Most of these efforts center
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-10
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Federal Advisory Committee; U.S. Nuclear Command and Control System Comprehensive Review Committee; Charter Termination AGENCY: Department of Defense (DoD... terminating the charter for the U.S. Nuclear Command and Control System Comprehensive Review Committee. FOR...
Defense Manpower Policy: Presentations from the 1976 Rand Conference on Defense Manpower
1978-12-01
organizations working on defense manpower issues and problems, This book contains selected presentations from ti -a Rand Confer- ence on Defense Manpower...the complete Conference agenda.) Nevertheless, the papers included here provide a reasonably good sampling of the topics and issues addressed at the...one of the key concerns in the Pentagon and on Capitol Hill. Accordingly, the purpose of this book is to shed some light on some of the major issues
Comparative genomics of defense systems in archaea and bacteria
Makarova, Kira S.; Wolf, Yuri I.; Koonin, Eugene V.
2013-01-01
Our knowledge of prokaryotic defense systems has vastly expanded as the result of comparative genomic analysis, followed by experimental validation. This expansion is both quantitative, including the discovery of diverse new examples of known types of defense systems, such as restriction-modification or toxin-antitoxin systems, and qualitative, including the discovery of fundamentally new defense mechanisms, such as the CRISPR-Cas immunity system. Large-scale statistical analysis reveals that the distribution of different defense systems in bacterial and archaeal taxa is non-uniform, with four groups of organisms distinguishable with respect to the overall abundance and the balance between specific types of defense systems. The genes encoding defense system components in bacterial and archaea typically cluster in defense islands. In addition to genes encoding known defense systems, these islands contain numerous uncharacterized genes, which are candidates for new types of defense systems. The tight association of the genes encoding immunity systems and dormancy- or cell death-inducing defense systems in prokaryotic genomes suggests that these two major types of defense are functionally coupled, providing for effective protection at the population level. PMID:23470997
32 CFR 13.3 - Office of the Chief Defense Counsel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... Section 13.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY... States armed force and shall be designated by the General Counsel of the Department of Defense. (2) The...) of the Department of Defense. (3) The Chief Defense Counsel shall supervise all defense activities...
32 CFR 13.3 - Office of the Chief Defense Counsel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-07-01
... Section 13.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY... States armed force and shall be designated by the General Counsel of the Department of Defense. (2) The...) of the Department of Defense. (3) The Chief Defense Counsel shall supervise all defense activities...
32 CFR 13.3 - Office of the Chief Defense Counsel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-07-01
... Section 13.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY... States armed force and shall be designated by the General Counsel of the Department of Defense. (2) The...) of the Department of Defense. (3) The Chief Defense Counsel shall supervise all defense activities...
32 CFR 13.3 - Office of the Chief Defense Counsel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... Section 13.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY... States armed force and shall be designated by the General Counsel of the Department of Defense. (2) The...) of the Department of Defense. (3) The Chief Defense Counsel shall supervise all defense activities...
32 CFR 13.3 - Office of the Chief Defense Counsel.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... Section 13.3 National Defense Department of Defense OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY OF DEFENSE MILITARY... States armed force and shall be designated by the General Counsel of the Department of Defense. (2) The...) of the Department of Defense. (3) The Chief Defense Counsel shall supervise all defense activities...
75 FR 9399 - Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-02
... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Defense Health Board (DHB) Meeting AGENCY... of the Defense Health Board (DHB), will meet on March 11, 2010. Subject to the availability of space... INFORMATION: Due to internal DoD difficulties, beyond the control of the Defense Health Board or its...
78 FR 45515 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-07-29
...] Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request ACTION: Notice. The Defense Acquisition Regulations System has... Supplement (DFARS) Subpart 227.71, Rights in Technical Data, and Subpart 227.72, Rights in Computer Software and Computer Software Documentation, and related provisions and clauses of the Defense Federal...
Defense Research Enterprise Assessment
2017-01-01
ACQUISITION, TECHNOLOGY , AND LOGISTICS OFFICE OF THE UNDER SECRETARY OF DEFENSE 3000 DEFENSE PENTAGON WASHINGTON, DC 20301-3000 JAN 2 5 2017...fulfill vital missions on behalf of the Warfighter. This DoD research enterprise is characterized by high-quality science, technology transition, and...smart acquisition. The rapidly changing technology landscape means that the Labs also must adapt their mission to continue to serve and ready
78 FR 55244 - Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board; Membership
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-10
... DEFENSE NUCLEAR FACILITIES SAFETY BOARD Senior Executive Service Performance Review Board... the membership of the Defense Nuclear Facilities Safety Board (DNFSB) Senior Executive Service (SES... rating of a senior executive's performance, the executive's response, and the higher level official's...
Llandres, Ana L; Almohamad, Raki; Brévault, Thierry; Renou, Alain; Téréta, Idrissa; Jean, Janine; Goebel, François-Regis
2018-04-17
Enhancing cotton pest management using plant natural defenses has been described as a promising way to improve the management of crop pests. We here reviewed different studies on cotton growing systems to illustrate how an ancient technique called plant training, which includes plant topping and pruning, may contribute to this goal. Based on examples from cotton crops, we show how trained plants could be promoted to a state of enhanced defense that causes faster and more robust activation of their defense responses. We revisit agricultural benefits associated to this technique in cotton crops, with a focus on its potential as a supplementary tool for Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Particularly, we examine its role in mediating plant interactions with conspecific neighboring plants, pests and associated natural enemies. We propose a new IPM tool, plant training for induced defense, which involves inducing plant defense by artificial injuries. Experimental evidence from various studies shows that cotton training is a promising technique, particularly for smallholders, which can be used as part of an IPM program to significantly reduce insecticide use and to improve productivity in cotton farming. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Nuclear Waste: Defense Waste Processing Facility-Cost, Schedule, and Technical Issues.
1992-06-17
gallons of high-level radioactive waste stored in underground tanks at the savannah major facility involved Is the Defense Waste Processing Facility ( DwPF ...As a result of concerns about potential problems with the DWPF and delays in its scheduled start-up, the Chairman of the Environment, Energy, and...Natural Resources Subcommittee, House Committee on Government Operations, asked GAO to review the status of the DWPF and other facilities. This report
Differentiation of depression and anxiety groups using defense mechanisms.
Olson, Trevor R; Presniak, Michelle D; MacGregor, Michael Wm
2009-11-01
We examined whether participants in depressed and anxious groups could be classified correctly using observer and self-report measures of defense mechanisms. A sample of 1182 university students completed the Personality Assessment Inventory and those scoring in the clinical range on either depression or anxiety indices were selected for participation. In total, 25 participants met criteria for the depressed group and 94 met criteria for the anxious group. Individual defense scores from the Defense-Q and the Defense Style Questionnaire were separately entered into 2 stepwise discriminant analyses. After cross-validation, the Defense-Q and Defense Style Questionnaire analyses classified participants with 75.0% and 71.3% accuracy, respectively. The results indicated that depression and anxiety groups can be significantly differentiated by defense use alone. Important differences in defensive functioning between these groups were confirmed and differences between observer and self-report measures of defenses mechanisms and current challenges in defense research were highlighted.
47 CFR 0.181 - The Defense Commissioner.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... designated by the Commission. The Defense Commissioner directs the homeland security, national security and..., departments, or agencies. (c) To act as the Homeland Security and Defense Coordinator in representations with... emergency, the Defense Commissioner, in consultation with the Chief, Public Safety and Homeland Security...
47 CFR 0.181 - The Defense Commissioner.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... designated by the Commission. The Defense Commissioner directs the homeland security, national security and..., departments, or agencies. (c) To act as the Homeland Security and Defense Coordinator in representations with... emergency, the Defense Commissioner, in consultation with the Chief, Public Safety and Homeland Security...
47 CFR 0.181 - The Defense Commissioner.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... designated by the Commission. The Defense Commissioner directs the homeland security, national security and..., departments, or agencies. (c) To act as the Homeland Security and Defense Coordinator in representations with... emergency, the Defense Commissioner, in consultation with the Chief, Public Safety and Homeland Security...
47 CFR 0.181 - The Defense Commissioner.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... designated by the Commission. The Defense Commissioner directs the homeland security, national security and..., departments, or agencies. (c) To act as the Homeland Security and Defense Coordinator in representations with... emergency, the Defense Commissioner, in consultation with the Chief, Public Safety and Homeland Security...