Programming and Tuning a Quantum Annealing Device to Solve Real World Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perdomo-Ortiz, Alejandro; O'Gorman, Bryan; Fluegemann, Joseph; Smelyanskiy, Vadim

2015-03-01

Solving real-world applications with quantum algorithms requires overcoming several challenges, ranging from translating the computational problem at hand to the quantum-machine language to tuning parameters of the quantum algorithm that have a significant impact on the performance of the device. In this talk, we discuss these challenges, strategies developed to enhance performance, and also a more efficient implementation of several applications. Although we will focus on applications of interest to NASA's Quantum Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, the methods and concepts presented here apply to a broader family of hard discrete optimization problems, including those that occur in many machine-learning algorithms.

CUGatesDensity—Quantum circuit analyser extended to density matrices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Loke, T.; Wang, J. B.

2013-12-01

CUGatesDensity is an extension of the original quantum circuit analyser CUGates (Loke and Wang, 2011) [7] to provide explicit support for the use of density matrices. The new package enables simulation of quantum circuits involving statistical ensemble of mixed quantum states. Such analysis is of vital importance in dealing with quantum decoherence, measurements, noise and error correction, and fault tolerant computation. Several examples involving mixed state quantum computation are presented to illustrate the use of this package. Catalogue identifier: AEPY_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEPY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 5368 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 143994 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica. Computer: Any computer installed with a copy of Mathematica 6.0 or higher. Operating system: Any system with a copy of Mathematica 6.0 or higher installed. Classification: 4.15. Nature of problem: To simulate arbitrarily complex quantum circuits comprised of single/multiple qubit and qudit quantum gates with mixed state registers. Solution method: A density matrix representation for mixed states and a state vector representation for pure states are used. The construct is based on an irreducible form of matrix decomposition, which allows a highly efficient implementation of general controlled gates with multiple conditionals. Running time: The examples provided in the notebook CUGatesDensity.nb take approximately 30 s to run on a laptop PC.

Automating quantum experiment control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevens, Kelly E.; Amini, Jason M.; Doret, S. Charles; Mohler, Greg; Volin, Curtis; Harter, Alexa W.

2017-03-01

The field of quantum information processing is rapidly advancing. As the control of quantum systems approaches the level needed for useful computation, the physical hardware underlying the quantum systems is becoming increasingly complex. It is already becoming impractical to manually code control for the larger hardware implementations. In this chapter, we will employ an approach to the problem of system control that parallels compiler design for a classical computer. We will start with a candidate quantum computing technology, the surface electrode ion trap, and build a system instruction language which can be generated from a simple machine-independent programming language via compilation. We incorporate compile time generation of ion routing that separates the algorithm description from the physical geometry of the hardware. Extending this approach to automatic routing at run time allows for automated initialization of qubit number and placement and additionally allows for automated recovery after catastrophic events such as qubit loss. To show that these systems can handle real hardware, we present a simple demonstration system that routes two ions around a multi-zone ion trap and handles ion loss and ion placement. While we will mainly use examples from transport-based ion trap quantum computing, many of the issues and solutions are applicable to other architectures.

Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. I. Quantum registers and quantum gates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radtke, T.; Fritzsche, S.

2005-12-01

During recent years, quantum computations and the study of n-qubit quantum systems have attracted a lot of interest, both in theory and experiment. Apart from the promise of performing quantum computations, however, these investigations also revealed a great deal of difficulties which still need to be solved in practice. In quantum computing, unitary and non-unitary quantum operations act on a given set of qubits to form (entangled) states, in which the information is encoded by the overall system often referred to as quantum registers. To facilitate the simulation of such n-qubit quantum systems, we present the FEYNMAN program to provide all necessary tools in order to define and to deal with quantum registers and quantum operations. Although the present version of the program is restricted to unitary transformations, it equally supports—whenever possible—the representation of the quantum registers both, in terms of their state vectors and density matrices. In addition to the composition of two or more quantum registers, moreover, the program also supports their decomposition into various parts by applying the partial trace operation and the concept of the reduced density matrix. Using an interactive design within the framework of MAPLE, therefore, we expect the FEYNMAN program to be helpful not only for teaching the basic elements of quantum computing but also for studying their physical realization in the future. Program summaryTitle of program:FEYNMAN Catalogue number:ADWE Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE Program obtainable from:CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions:None Computers for which the program is designed:All computers with a license of the computer algebra system MAPLE [Maple is a registered trademark of Waterlo Maple Inc.] Operating systems or monitors under which the program has been tested:Linux, MS Windows XP Programming language used:MAPLE 9.5 (but should be compatible with 9.0 and 8.0, too) Memory and time required to execute with typical data:Storage and time requirements critically depend on the number of qubits, n, in the quantum registers due to the exponential increase of the associated Hilbert space. In particular, complex algebraic operations may require large amounts of memory even for small qubit numbers. However, most of the standard commands (see Section 4 for simple examples) react promptly for up to five qubits on a normal single-processor machine ( ⩾1GHz with 512 MB memory) and use less than 10 MB memory. No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 8864 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 493 182 Distribution format: tar.gz Nature of the physical problem:During the last decade, quantum computing has been found to provide a revolutionary new form of computation. The algorithms by Shor [P.W. Shor, SIAM J. Sci. Statist. Comput. 26 (1997) 1484] and Grover [L.K. Grover, Phys. Rev. Lett. 79 (1997) 325. [2

QDENSITY—A Mathematica quantum computer simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juliá-Díaz, Bruno; Burdis, Joseph M.; Tabakin, Frank

2009-03-01

This Mathematica 6.0 package is a simulation of a Quantum Computer. The program provides a modular, instructive approach for generating the basic elements that make up a quantum circuit. The main emphasis is on using the density matrix, although an approach using state vectors is also implemented in the package. The package commands are defined in Qdensity.m which contains the tools needed in quantum circuits, e.g., multiqubit kets, projectors, gates, etc. New version program summaryProgram title: QDENSITY 2.0 Catalogue identifier: ADXH_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADXH_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 26 055 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 227 540 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica 6.0 Operating system: Any which supports Mathematica; tested under Microsoft Windows XP, Macintosh OS X, and Linux FC4 Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADXH_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 174 (2006) 914 Classification: 4.15 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Offers an alternative, more up to date, implementation Nature of problem: Analysis and design of quantum circuits, quantum algorithms and quantum clusters. Solution method: A Mathematica package is provided which contains commands to create and analyze quantum circuits. Several Mathematica notebooks containing relevant examples: Teleportation, Shor's Algorithm and Grover's search are explained in detail. A tutorial, Tutorial.nb is also enclosed. Reasons for new version: The package has been updated to make it fully compatible with Mathematica 6.0 Summary of revisions: The package has been updated to make it fully compatible with Mathematica 6.0 Running time: Most examples included in the package, e.g., the tutorial, Shor's examples, Teleportation examples and Grover's search, run in less than a minute on a Pentium 4 processor (2.6 GHz). The running time for a quantum computation depends crucially on the number of qubits employed.

Artificial Intelligence in Business: Technocrat Jargon or Quantum Leap?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burford, Anna M.; Wilson, Harold O.

This paper addresses the characteristics and applications of artificial intelligence (AI) as a subsection of computer science, and briefly describes the most common types of AI programs: expert systems, natural language, and neural networks. Following a brief presentation of the historical background, the discussion turns to an explanation of how…

Quantum field theory and the linguistic Minimalist Program: a remarkable isomorphism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Piattelli-Palmarini, M.; Vitiello, G.

2017-08-01

By resorting to recent results, we show that an isomorphism exist between linguistic features of the Minimalist Program and the quantum field theory formalism of condensed matter physics. Specific linguistic features which admit a representation in terms of the many-body algebraic formalism are the unconstrained nature of recursive Merge, the operation of the Labeling Algorithm, the difference between pronounced and un-pronounced copies of elements in a sentence and the build-up of the Fibonacci sequence in the syntactic derivation of sentence structures. The collective dynamical nature of the formation process of Logical Forms leading to the individuation of the manifold of concepts and the computational self-consistency of languages are also discussed.

Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. III. Quantum operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radtke, T.; Fritzsche, S.

2007-05-01

During the last decade, several quantum information protocols, such as quantum key distribution, teleportation or quantum computation, have attracted a lot of interest. Despite the recent success and research efforts in quantum information processing, however, we are just at the beginning of understanding the role of entanglement and the behavior of quantum systems in noisy environments, i.e. for nonideal implementations. Therefore, in order to facilitate the investigation of entanglement and decoherence in n-qubit quantum registers, here we present a revised version of the FEYNMAN program for working with quantum operations and their associated (Jamiołkowski) dual states. Based on the implementation of several popular decoherence models, we provide tools especially for the quantitative analysis of quantum operations. Apart from the implementation of different noise models, the current program extension may help investigate the fragility of many quantum states, one of the main obstacles in realizing quantum information protocols today. Program summaryTitle of program: Feynman Catalogue identifier: ADWE_v3_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE_v3_0 Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: None Operating systems: Any system that supports MAPLE; tested under Microsoft Windows XP, SuSe Linux 10 Program language used:MAPLE 10 Typical time and memory requirements: Most commands that act upon quantum registers with five or less qubits take ⩽10 seconds of processor time (on a Pentium 4 processor with ⩾2 GHz or equivalent) and 5-20 MB of memory. Especially when working with symbolic expressions, however, the memory and time requirements critically depend on the number of qubits in the quantum registers, owing to the exponential dimension growth of the associated Hilbert space. For example, complex (symbolic) noise models (with several Kraus operators) for multi-qubit systems often result in very large symbolic expressions that dramatically slow down the evaluation of measures or other quantities. In these cases, MAPLE's assume facility sometimes helps to reduce the complexity of symbolic expressions, but often only numerical evaluation is possible. Since the complexity of the FEYNMAN commands is very different, no general scaling law for the CPU time and memory usage can be given. No. of bytes in distributed program including test data, etc.: 799 265 No. of lines in distributed program including test data, etc.: 18 589 Distribution format: tar.gz Reasons for new version: While the previous program versions were designed mainly to create and manipulate the state of quantum registers, the present extension aims to support quantum operations as the essential ingredient for studying the effects of noisy environments. Does this version supersede the previous version: Yes Nature of the physical problem: Today, entanglement is identified as the essential resource in virtually all aspects of quantum information theory. In most practical implementations of quantum information protocols, however, decoherence typically limits the lifetime of entanglement. It is therefore necessary and highly desirable to understand the evolution of entanglement in noisy environments. Method of solution: Using the computer algebra system MAPLE, we have developed a set of procedures that support the definition and manipulation of n-qubit quantum registers as well as (unitary) logic gates and (nonunitary) quantum operations that act on the quantum registers. The provided hierarchy of commands can be used interactively in order to simulate and analyze the evolution of n-qubit quantum systems in ideal and nonideal quantum circuits.

QDENSITY—A Mathematica Quantum Computer simulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juliá-Díaz, Bruno; Burdis, Joseph M.; Tabakin, Frank

2006-06-01

This Mathematica 5.2 package is a simulation of a Quantum Computer. The program provides a modular, instructive approach for generating the basic elements that make up a quantum circuit. The main emphasis is on using the density matrix, although an approach using state vectors is also implemented in the package. The package commands are defined in Qdensity.m which contains the tools needed in quantum circuits, e.g., multiqubit kets, projectors, gates, etc. Selected examples of the basic commands are presented here and a tutorial notebook, Tutorial.nb is provided with the package (available on our website) that serves as a full guide to the package. Finally, application is made to a variety of relevant cases, including Teleportation, Quantum Fourier transform, Grover's search and Shor's algorithm, in separate notebooks: QFT.nb, Teleportation.nb, Grover.nb and Shor.nb where each algorithm is explained in detail. Finally, two examples of the construction and manipulation of cluster states, which are part of "one way computing" ideas, are included as an additional tool in the notebook Cluster.nb. A Mathematica palette containing most commands in QDENSITY is also included: QDENSpalette.nb. Program summaryTitle of program: QDENSITY Catalogue identifier: ADXH_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADXH_v1_0 Program available from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Operating systems: Any which supports Mathematica; tested under Microsoft Windows XP, Macintosh OS X, and Linux FC4 Programming language used: Mathematica 5.2 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 180 581 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 19 382 Distribution format: tar.gz Method of solution: A Mathematica package is provided which contains commands to create and analyze quantum circuits. Several Mathematica notebooks containing relevant examples: Teleportation, Shor's Algorithm and Grover's search are explained in detail. A tutorial, Tutorial.nb is also enclosed. QDENSITY is available at http://www.pitt.edu/~tabakin/QDENSITY.

Strongdeco: Expansion of analytical, strongly correlated quantum states into a many-body basis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Juliá-Díaz, Bruno; Graß, Tobias

2012-03-01

We provide a Mathematica code for decomposing strongly correlated quantum states described by a first-quantized, analytical wave function into many-body Fock states. Within them, the single-particle occupations refer to the subset of Fock-Darwin functions with no nodes. Such states, commonly appearing in two-dimensional systems subjected to gauge fields, were first discussed in the context of quantum Hall physics and are nowadays very relevant in the field of ultracold quantum gases. As important examples, we explicitly apply our decomposition scheme to the prominent Laughlin and Pfaffian states. This allows for easily calculating the overlap between arbitrary states with these highly correlated test states, and thus provides a useful tool to classify correlated quantum systems. Furthermore, we can directly read off the angular momentum distribution of a state from its decomposition. Finally we make use of our code to calculate the normalization factors for Laughlin's famous quasi-particle/quasi-hole excitations, from which we gain insight into the intriguing fractional behavior of these excitations. Program summaryProgram title: Strongdeco Catalogue identifier: AELA_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AELA_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 5475 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 31 071 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica Computer: Any computer on which Mathematica can be installed Operating system: Linux, Windows, Mac Classification: 2.9 Nature of problem: Analysis of strongly correlated quantum states. Solution method: The program makes use of the tools developed in Mathematica to deal with multivariate polynomials to decompose analytical strongly correlated states of bosons and fermions into a standard many-body basis. Operations with polynomials, determinants and permanents are the basic tools. Running time: The distributed notebook takes a couple of minutes to run.

Quantum non-objectivity from performativity of quantum phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khrennikov, Andrei; Schumann, Andrew

2014-12-01

We analyze the logical foundations of quantum mechanics (QM) by stressing non-objectivity of quantum observables, which is a consequence of the absence of logical atoms in QM. We argue that the matter of quantum non-objectivity is that, on the one hand, the formalism of QM constructed as a mathematical theory is self-consistent, but, on the other hand, quantum phenomena as results of experimenters’ performances are not self-consistent. This self-inconsistency is an effect of the language of QM differing greatly from the language of human performances. The former is the language of a mathematical theory that uses some Aristotelian and Russellian assumptions (e.g., the assumption that there are logical atoms). The latter language consists of performative propositions that are self-inconsistent only from the viewpoint of conventional mathematical theory, but they satisfy another logic that is non-Aristotelian. Hence, the representation of quantum reality in linguistic terms may be different: the difference between a mathematical theory and a logic of performative propositions. To solve quantum self-inconsistency, we apply the formalism of non-classical self-referent logics.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCaskey, Alexander J.

Hybrid programming models for beyond-CMOS technologies will prove critical for integrating new computing technologies alongside our existing infrastructure. Unfortunately the software infrastructure required to enable this is lacking or not available. XACC is a programming framework for extreme-scale, post-exascale accelerator architectures that integrates alongside existing conventional applications. It is a pluggable framework for programming languages developed for next-gen computing hardware architectures like quantum and neuromorphic computing. It lets computational scientists efficiently off-load classically intractable work to attached accelerators through user-friendly Kernel definitions. XACC makes post-exascale hybrid programming approachable for domain computational scientists.

QSPIN: A High Level Java API for Quantum Computing Experimentation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barth, Tim

2017-01-01

QSPIN is a high level Java language API for experimentation in QC models used in the calculation of Ising spin glass ground states and related quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems. The Java API is intended to facilitate research in advanced QC algorithms such as hybrid quantum-classical solvers, automatic selection of constraint and optimization parameters, and techniques for the correction and mitigation of model and solution errors. QSPIN includes high level solver objects tailored to the D-Wave quantum annealing architecture that implement hybrid quantum-classical algorithms [Booth et al.] for solving large problems on small quantum devices, elimination of variables via roof duality, and classical computing optimization methods such as GPU accelerated simulated annealing and tabu search for comparison. A test suite of documented NP-complete applications ranging from graph coloring, covering, and partitioning to integer programming and scheduling are provided to demonstrate current capabilities.

Generalized Bell states map physical systems’ quantum evolution into a grammar for quantum information processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delgado, Francisco

2017-12-01

Quantum information processing should be generated through control of quantum evolution for physical systems being used as resources, such as superconducting circuits, spinspin couplings in ions and artificial anyons in electronic gases. They have a quantum dynamics which should be translated into more natural languages for quantum information processing. On this terrain, this language should let to establish manipulation operations on the associated quantum information states as classical information processing does. This work shows how a kind of processing operations can be settled and implemented for quantum states design and quantum processing for systems fulfilling a SU(2) reduction in their dynamics.

Quantum Linguistics: To Catch the Passing Wave.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gannon, William

1988-01-01

Asserts there is a need for new metaphors to illuminate reciprocal relationship between language and consciousness. Argues that consciousness, experienced in language, is quantum effect which acts on wave-like qualities to create particles, observed bodies of finite mass. Proposes and explains position of quantum linguistics to describe…

QuTiP: An open-source Python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johansson, J. R.; Nation, P. D.; Nori, Franco

2012-08-01

We present an object-oriented open-source framework for solving the dynamics of open quantum systems written in Python. Arbitrary Hamiltonians, including time-dependent systems, may be built up from operators and states defined by a quantum object class, and then passed on to a choice of master equation or Monte Carlo solvers. We give an overview of the basic structure for the framework before detailing the numerical simulation of open system dynamics. Several examples are given to illustrate the build up to a complete calculation. Finally, we measure the performance of our library against that of current implementations. The framework described here is particularly well suited to the fields of quantum optics, superconducting circuit devices, nanomechanics, and trapped ions, while also being ideal for use in classroom instruction. Catalogue identifier: AEMB_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMB_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 16 482 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 213 438 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python Computer: i386, x86-64 Operating system: Linux, Mac OSX, Windows RAM: 2+ Gigabytes Classification: 7 External routines: NumPy (http://numpy.scipy.org/), SciPy (http://www.scipy.org/), Matplotlib (http://matplotlib.sourceforge.net/) Nature of problem: Dynamics of open quantum systems. Solution method: Numerical solutions to Lindblad master equation or Monte Carlo wave function method. Restrictions: Problems must meet the criteria for using the master equation in Lindblad form. Running time: A few seconds up to several tens of minutes, depending on size of underlying Hilbert space.

ExcelAutomat: a tool for systematic processing of files as applied to quantum chemical calculations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Laloo, Jalal Z. A.; Laloo, Nassirah; Rhyman, Lydia; Ramasami, Ponnadurai

2017-07-01

The processing of the input and output files of quantum chemical calculations often necessitates a spreadsheet as a key component of the workflow. Spreadsheet packages with a built-in programming language editor can automate the steps involved and thus provide a direct link between processing files and the spreadsheet. This helps to reduce user-interventions as well as the need to switch between different programs to carry out each step. The ExcelAutomat tool is the implementation of this method in Microsoft Excel (MS Excel) using the default Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming language. The code in ExcelAutomat was adapted to work with the platform-independent open-source LibreOffice Calc, which also supports VBA. ExcelAutomat provides an interface through the spreadsheet to automate repetitive tasks such as merging input files, splitting, parsing and compiling data from output files, and generation of unique filenames. Selected extracted parameters can be retrieved as variables which can be included in custom codes for a tailored approach. ExcelAutomat works with Gaussian files and is adapted for use with other computational packages including the non-commercial GAMESS. ExcelAutomat is available as a downloadable MS Excel workbook or as a LibreOffice workbook.

ExcelAutomat: a tool for systematic processing of files as applied to quantum chemical calculations.

PubMed

Laloo, Jalal Z A; Laloo, Nassirah; Rhyman, Lydia; Ramasami, Ponnadurai

2017-07-01

The processing of the input and output files of quantum chemical calculations often necessitates a spreadsheet as a key component of the workflow. Spreadsheet packages with a built-in programming language editor can automate the steps involved and thus provide a direct link between processing files and the spreadsheet. This helps to reduce user-interventions as well as the need to switch between different programs to carry out each step. The ExcelAutomat tool is the implementation of this method in Microsoft Excel (MS Excel) using the default Visual Basic for Application (VBA) programming language. The code in ExcelAutomat was adapted to work with the platform-independent open-source LibreOffice Calc, which also supports VBA. ExcelAutomat provides an interface through the spreadsheet to automate repetitive tasks such as merging input files, splitting, parsing and compiling data from output files, and generation of unique filenames. Selected extracted parameters can be retrieved as variables which can be included in custom codes for a tailored approach. ExcelAutomat works with Gaussian files and is adapted for use with other computational packages including the non-commercial GAMESS. ExcelAutomat is available as a downloadable MS Excel workbook or as a LibreOffice workbook.

Quantum Linguistics and Didactics of Foreign Language Intensive Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Natarelli, Larissa I.

2011-01-01

This dissertation focuses on quantum linguistics, a sub-field of philosophy of language, preoccupied with studying of the processes on a virtual drive of the human mind: patterns and dynamics of thoughts, verbal and non-verbal codification, cultural conditioning, and foreign language acquisition. While adopting an educational perspective fitting…

A Component Approach to Collaborative Scientific Software Development: Tools and Techniques Utilized by the Quantum Chemistry Science Application Partnership

DOE PAGES

Kenny, Joseph P.; Janssen, Curtis L.; Gordon, Mark S.; ...

2008-01-01

Cutting-edge scientific computing software is complex, increasingly involving the coupling of multiple packages to combine advanced algorithms or simulations at multiple physical scales. Component-based software engineering (CBSE) has been advanced as a technique for managing this complexity, and complex component applications have been created in the quantum chemistry domain, as well as several other simulation areas, using the component model advocated by the Common Component Architecture (CCA) Forum. While programming models do indeed enable sound software engineering practices, the selection of programming model is just one building block in a comprehensive approach to large-scale collaborative development which must also addressmore » interface and data standardization, and language and package interoperability. We provide an overview of the development approach utilized within the Quantum Chemistry Science Application Partnership, identifying design challenges, describing the techniques which we have adopted to address these challenges and highlighting the advantages which the CCA approach offers for collaborative development.« less

A Non-Intuitionist's Approach To The Interpretation Problem Of Quantum Mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grelland, Hans Herlof

2005-02-01

A philosophy of physics called "linguistic empiricism" is presented and applied to the interpretation problem of quantum mechanics. This philosophical position is based on the works of Jacques Derrida. The main propositions are (i) that meaning, included the meaning attached to observations, are language-dependent and (ii) that mathematics in physics should be considered as a proper language, not necessary translatable to a more basic language of intuition and immediate experience. This has fundamental implications for quantum mechanics, which is a mathematically coherent and consistent theory; its interpretation problem is associated with its lack of physical images expressible in ordinary language.

Fermionic topological quantum states as tensor networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wille, C.; Buerschaper, O.; Eisert, J.

2017-06-01

Tensor network states, and in particular projected entangled pair states, play an important role in the description of strongly correlated quantum lattice systems. They do not only serve as variational states in numerical simulation methods, but also provide a framework for classifying phases of quantum matter and capture notions of topological order in a stringent and rigorous language. The rapid development in this field for spin models and bosonic systems has not yet been mirrored by an analogous development for fermionic models. In this work, we introduce a tensor network formalism capable of capturing notions of topological order for quantum systems with fermionic components. At the heart of the formalism are axioms of fermionic matrix-product operator injectivity, stable under concatenation. Building upon that, we formulate a Grassmann number tensor network ansatz for the ground state of fermionic twisted quantum double models. A specific focus is put on the paradigmatic example of the fermionic toric code. This work shows that the program of describing topologically ordered systems using tensor networks carries over to fermionic models.

Interpreting Quantum Logic as a Pragmatic Structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garola, Claudio

2017-12-01

Many scholars maintain that the language of quantum mechanics introduces a quantum notion of truth which is formalized by (standard, sharp) quantum logic and is incompatible with the classical (Tarskian) notion of truth. We show that quantum logic can be identified (up to an equivalence relation) with a fragment of a pragmatic language LGP of assertive formulas, that are justified or unjustified rather than trueor false. Quantum logic can then be interpreted as an algebraic structure that formalizes properties of the notion of empirical justification according to quantum mechanics rather than properties of a quantum notion of truth. This conclusion agrees with a general integrationist perspective that interprets nonstandard logics as theories of metalinguistic notions different from truth, thus avoiding incompatibility with classical notions and preserving the globality of logic.

Quantum Sets and Clifford Algebras

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finkelstein, David

1982-06-01

The mathematical language presently used for quantum physics is a high-level language. As a lowest-level or basic language I construct a quantum set theory in three stages: (1) Classical set theory, formulated as a Clifford algebra of “ S numbers” generated by a single monadic operation, “bracing,” Br = {…}. (2) Indefinite set theory, a modification of set theory dealing with the modal logical concept of possibility. (3) Quantum set theory. The quantum set is constructed from the null set by the familiar quantum techniques of tensor product and antisymmetrization. There are both a Clifford and a Grassmann algebra with sets as basis elements. Rank and cardinality operators are analogous to Schroedinger coordinates of the theory, in that they are multiplication or “ Q-type” operators. “ P-type” operators analogous to Schroedinger momenta, in that they transform the Q-type quantities, are bracing (Br), Clifford multiplication by a set X, and the creator of X, represented by Grassmann multiplication c( X) by the set X. Br and its adjoint Br* form a Bose-Einstein canonical pair, and c( X) and its adjoint c( X)* form a Fermi-Dirac or anticanonical pair. Many coefficient number systems can be employed in this quantization. I use the integers for a discrete quantum theory, with the usual complex quantum theory as limit. Quantum set theory may be applied to a quantum time space and a quantum automaton.

SYMBMAT: Symbolic computation of quantum transition matrix elements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ciappina, M. F.; Kirchner, T.

2012-08-01

We have developed a set of Mathematica notebooks to compute symbolically quantum transition matrices relevant for atomic ionization processes. The utilization of a symbolic language allows us to obtain analytical expressions for the transition matrix elements required in charged-particle and laser induced ionization of atoms. Additionally, by using a few simple commands, it is possible to export these symbolic expressions to standard programming languages, such as Fortran or C, for the subsequent computation of differential cross sections or other observables. One of the main drawbacks in the calculation of transition matrices is the tedious algebraic work required when initial states other than the simple hydrogenic 1s state need to be considered. Using these notebooks the work is dramatically reduced and it is possible to generate exact expressions for a large set of bound states. We present explicit examples of atomic collisions (in First Born Approximation and Distorted Wave Theory) and laser-matter interactions (within the Dipole and Strong Field Approximations and different gauges) using both hydrogenic wavefunctions and Slater-Type Orbitals with arbitrary nlm quantum numbers as initial states. Catalogue identifier: AEMI_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMI_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC license, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 71 628 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 444 195 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica Computer: Single machines using Linux or Windows (with cores with any clock speed, cache memory and bits in a word) Operating system: Any OS that supports Mathematica. The notebooks have been tested under Windows and Linux and with versions 6.x, 7.x and 8.x Classification: 2.6 Nature of problem: The notebooks generate analytical expressions for quantum transition matrix elements required in diverse atomic processes: ionization by ion, electron, or photon impact and ionization within the framework of strong field physics. In charged-particle collisions approaches based on perturbation theory enjoy widespread utilization. Accordingly, we have chosen the First Born Approximation and Distorted Wave theories as examples. In light-matter interactions, the main ingredient for many types of calculations is the dipole transition matrix in its different formulations, i.e. length, velocity, and acceleration gauges. In all these cases the transitions of interest occur between a bound state and a continuum state which can be described in different ways. With the notebooks developed in the present work it is possible to calculate transition matrix elements analytically for any set of quantum numbers nlm of initial hydrogenic states or Slater-Type Orbitals and for plane waves or Coulomb waves as final continuum states. Solution method: The notebooks employ symbolic computation to generate analytical expressions for transition matrix elements used in both collision and light-matter interaction physics. fba_hyd.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the transition matrix of collision-induced ionization in the First Born Approximation (FBA). The transitions considered are from a bound hydrogenic state with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a plane wave (PW) or a Coulomb wave (CW). distorted_hyd.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the transition matrix of collision-induced ionization in Distorted Wave (DW) theories. The transitions considered are from a (distorted) bound hydrogenic state with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a distorted-wave continuum state. The computations are based on scalar and vectorial integrals (see the text for details). dipoleLength_hyd.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the dipole transition matrix in length gauge. The transitions considered are from a bound hydrogenic state with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW (the Strong Field Approximation (SFA)) or a CW (the Coulomb-Volkov Approximation (CVA)). dipoleVelocity_hyd.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the dipole transition matrix in velocity gauge. The transitions considered are from a bound hydrogenic state with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW (the SFA) or a CW (the CVA). dipoleAcceleration_hyd.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the dipole transition matrix in acceleration gauge. The transitions considered are from a bound hydrogenic state with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW (the SFA). For the case of the CVA we only include the transition from the 1s state to a continuum state represented by a CW. fba_STO.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the transition matrix of collision-induced ionization in the FBA. The transitions considered are from a Slater-Type Orbital (STO) with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW or a CW. distorted_STO.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the transition matrix of collision-induced ionization in DW theories. The transitions considered are from a (distorted) STO with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a distorted-wave continuum state. The computations are based on scalar and vectorial integrals (see the text for details). dipoleLength_STO.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the dipole transition matrix in length gauge. The transitions considered are from an STO with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW (the SFA) or a CW (the CVA). dipoleVelocity_STO.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the dipole transition matrix in velocity gauge. The transitions considered are from an STO with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW (the SFA) or a CW (the CVA). dipoleAcceleration_STO.nb - This notebook computes analytical expressions for the dipole transition matrix in acceleration gauge. The transitions considered are from an STO with arbitrary quantum numbers nlm to a continuum state represented by a PW (the SFA). The symbolic expressions obtained within each notebook can be exported to standard programming languages such as Fortran or C using the Format.m package (see the text and Ref. Sofroniou (1993) [16] for details). Running time: Computational times vary according to the transition matrix selected and quantum numbers nlm of the initial state used. The typical running time is several minutes, but it will take longer for large values of nlm.

Continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solvers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gull, Emanuel; Werner, Philipp; Fuchs, Sebastian; Surer, Brigitte; Pruschke, Thomas; Troyer, Matthias

2011-04-01

Continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo impurity solvers are algorithms that sample the partition function of an impurity model using diagrammatic Monte Carlo techniques. The present paper describes codes that implement the interaction expansion algorithm originally developed by Rubtsov, Savkin, and Lichtenstein, as well as the hybridization expansion method developed by Werner, Millis, Troyer, et al. These impurity solvers are part of the ALPS-DMFT application package and are accompanied by an implementation of dynamical mean-field self-consistency equations for (single orbital single site) dynamical mean-field problems with arbitrary densities of states. Program summaryProgram title: dmft Catalogue identifier: AEIL_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEIL_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: ALPS LIBRARY LICENSE version 1.1 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 899 806 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 32 153 916 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ Operating system: The ALPS libraries have been tested on the following platforms and compilers: Linux with GNU Compiler Collection (g++ version 3.1 and higher), and Intel C++ Compiler (icc version 7.0 and higher) MacOS X with GNU Compiler (g++ Apple-version 3.1, 3.3 and 4.0) IBM AIX with Visual Age C++ (xlC version 6.0) and GNU (g++ version 3.1 and higher) compilers Compaq Tru64 UNIX with Compq C++ Compiler (cxx) SGI IRIX with MIPSpro C++ Compiler (CC) HP-UX with HP C++ Compiler (aCC) Windows with Cygwin or coLinux platforms and GNU Compiler Collection (g++ version 3.1 and higher) RAM: 10 MB-1 GB Classification: 7.3 External routines: ALPS [1], BLAS/LAPACK, HDF5 Nature of problem: (See [2].) Quantum impurity models describe an atom or molecule embedded in a host material with which it can exchange electrons. They are basic to nanoscience as representations of quantum dots and molecular conductors and play an increasingly important role in the theory of "correlated electron" materials as auxiliary problems whose solution gives the "dynamical mean field" approximation to the self-energy and local correlation functions. Solution method: Quantum impurity models require a method of solution which provides access to both high and low energy scales and is effective for wide classes of physically realistic models. The continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithms for which we present implementations here meet this challenge. Continuous-time quantum impurity methods are based on partition function expansions of quantum impurity models that are stochastically sampled to all orders using diagrammatic quantum Monte Carlo techniques. For a review of quantum impurity models and their applications and of continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo methods for impurity models we refer the reader to [2]. Additional comments: Use of dmft requires citation of this paper. Use of any ALPS program requires citation of the ALPS [1] paper. Running time: 60 s-8 h per iteration.

Parallel simulations of Grover's algorithm for closest match search in neutron monitor data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kussainov, Arman; White, Yelena

We are studying the parallel implementations of Grover's closest match search algorithm for neutron monitor data analysis. This includes data formatting, and matching quantum parameters to a conventional structure of a chosen programming language and selected experimental data type. We have employed several workload distribution models based on acquired data and search parameters. As a result of these simulations, we have an understanding of potential problems that may arise during configuration of real quantum computational devices and the way they could run tasks in parallel. The work was supported by the Science Committee of the Ministry of Science and Education of the Republic of Kazakhstan Grant #2532/GF3.

Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. IV. Parametrizations of quantum states, matrices and probability distributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radtke, T.; Fritzsche, S.

2008-11-01

Entanglement is known today as a key resource in many protocols from quantum computation and quantum information theory. However, despite the successful demonstration of several protocols, such as teleportation or quantum key distribution, there are still many open questions of how entanglement affects the efficiency of quantum algorithms or how it can be protected against noisy environments. The investigation of these and related questions often requires a search or optimization over the set of quantum states and, hence, a parametrization of them and various other objects. To facilitate this kind of studies in quantum information theory, here we present an extension of the FEYNMAN program that was developed during recent years as a toolbox for the simulation and analysis of quantum registers. In particular, we implement parameterizations of hermitian and unitary matrices (of arbitrary order), pure and mixed quantum states as well as separable states. In addition to being a prerequisite for the study of many optimization problems, these parameterizations also provide the necessary basis for heuristic studies which make use of random states, unitary matrices and other objects. Program summaryProgram title: FEYNMAN Catalogue identifier: ADWE_v4_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE_v4_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 24 231 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 416 085 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Maple 11 Computer: Any computer with Maple software installed Operating system: Any system that supports Maple; program has been tested under Microsoft Windows XP, Linux Classification: 4.15 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: During the last decades, quantum information science has contributed to our understanding of quantum mechanics and has provided also new and efficient protocols, based on the use of entangled quantum states. To determine the behavior and entanglement of n-qubit quantum registers, symbolic and numerical simulations need to be applied in order to analyze how these quantum information protocols work and which role the entanglement plays hereby. Solution method: Using the computer algebra system Maple, we have developed a set of procedures that support the definition, manipulation and analysis of n-qubit quantum registers. These procedures also help to deal with (unitary) logic gates and (nonunitary) quantum operations that act upon the quantum registers. With the parameterization of various frequently-applied objects, that are implemented in the present version, the program now facilitates a wider range of symbolic and numerical studies. All commands can be used interactively in order to simulate and analyze the evolution of n-qubit quantum systems, both in ideal and noisy quantum circuits. Reasons for new version: In the first version of the FEYNMAN program [1], we implemented the data structures and tools that are necessary to create, manipulate and to analyze the state of quantum registers. Later [2,3], support was added to deal with quantum operations (noisy channels) as an ingredient which is essential for studying the effects of decoherence. With the present extension, we add a number of parametrizations of objects frequently utilized in decoherence and entanglement studies, such that as hermitian and unitary matrices, probability distributions, or various kinds of quantum states. This extension therefore provides the basis, for example, for the optimization of a given function over the set of pure states or the simple generation of random objects. Running time: Most commands that act upon quantum registers with five or less qubits take ⩽10 seconds of processor time on a Pentium 4 processor with ⩾2GHz or newer, and about 5-20 MB of working memory (in addition to the memory for the Maple environment). Especially when working with symbolic expressions, however, the requirements on CPU time and memory critically depend on the size of the quantum registers, owing to the exponential growth of the dimension of the associated Hilbert space. For example, complex (symbolic) noise models, i.e. with several symbolic Kraus operators, result for multi-qubit systems often in very large expressions that dramatically slow down the evaluation of e.g. distance measures or the final-state entropy, etc. In these cases, Maple's assume facility sometimes helps to reduce the complexity of the symbolic expressions, but more often only a numerical evaluation is possible eventually. Since the complexity of the various commands of the FEYNMAN program and the possible usage scenarios can be very different, no general scaling law for CPU time or the memory requirements can be given. References: [1] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Comm. 173 (2005) 91. [2] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Comm. 175 (2006) 145. [3] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Comm. 176 (2007) 617.

Hacking the quantum revolution: 1925-1975

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schweber, Silvan S.

2015-01-01

I argue that the quantum revolution should be seen as an Ian Hacking type of scientific revolution: a profound, longue durée, multidisciplinary process of transforming our understanding of physical nature, with deep-rooted social components from the start. The "revolution" exhibits a characteristic style of reasoning - the hierarchization of physical nature - and developed and uses a specific language - quantum field theory (QFT). It is by virtue of that language that the quantum theory has achieved some of its deepest insights into the description of the dynamics of the physical world. However, the meaning of what a quantum field theory is and what it describes has deeply altered, and one now speaks of "effective" quantum field theories. Interpreting all present day quantum field theories as but "effective" field theories sheds additional light on Phillip Anderson's assertion that "More is different". This important element is addressed in the last part of the paper.

Mixing Categories and Modal Logics in the Quantum Setting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cinà, Giovanni

The study of the foundations of Quantum Mechanics, especially after the advent of Quantum Computation and Information, has benefited from the application of category-theoretic tools and modal logics to the analysis of Quantum processes: we witness a wealth of theoretical frameworks casted in either of the two languages. This paper explores the interplay of the two formalisms in the peculiar context of Quantum Theory. After a review of some influential abstract frameworks, we show how different modal logic frames can be extracted from the category of finite dimensional Hilbert spaces, connecting the Categorical Quantum Mechanics approach to some modal logics that have been proposed for Quantum Computing. We then apply a general version of the same technique to two other categorical frameworks, the `topos approach' of Doering and Isham and the sheaf-theoretic work on contextuality by Abramsky and Brandenburger, suggesting how some key features can be expressed with modal languages.

Using conceptual metaphor and functional grammar to explore how language used in physics affects student learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brookes, David T.; Etkina, Eugenia

2007-06-01

This paper introduces a theory about the role of language in learning physics. The theory is developed in the context of physics students and physicists talking and writing about the subject of quantum mechanics. We found that physicists’ language encodes different varieties of analogical models through the use of grammar and conceptual metaphor. We hypothesize that students categorize concepts into ontological categories based on the grammatical structure of physicists’ language. We also hypothesize that students overextend and misapply conceptual metaphors in physicists’ speech and writing. Using our theory, we will show how, in some cases, we can explain student difficulties in quantum mechanics as difficulties with language.

Quantum Computing: Selected Internet Resources for Librarians, Researchers, and the Casually Curious

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cirasella, Jill

2009-01-01

This article presents an annotated selection of the most important and informative Internet resources for learning about quantum computing, finding quantum computing literature, and tracking quantum computing news. All of the quantum computing resources described in this article are freely available, English-language web sites that fall into one…

Quantum Models of Awareness: Data Indicative of a Level of Consciousness Conducive to Efficient Teaching and Learning of Foreign Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collier, Roy W.

The existence of a state of consciousness attained through transcendental meditation and characterized by specific qualities that would facilitate the acquisition of language is proposed. This theory is supported by analogies between certain conceptualizations of quantum physics and various aspects of transcendental meditation. Comparisons are…

Simulation of n-qubit quantum systems. V. Quantum measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radtke, T.; Fritzsche, S.

2010-02-01

The FEYNMAN program has been developed during the last years to support case studies on the dynamics and entanglement of n-qubit quantum registers. Apart from basic transformations and (gate) operations, it currently supports a good number of separability criteria and entanglement measures, quantum channels as well as the parametrizations of various frequently applied objects in quantum information theory, such as (pure and mixed) quantum states, hermitian and unitary matrices or classical probability distributions. With the present update of the FEYNMAN program, we provide a simple access to (the simulation of) quantum measurements. This includes not only the widely-applied projective measurements upon the eigenspaces of some given operator but also single-qubit measurements in various pre- and user-defined bases as well as the support for two-qubit Bell measurements. In addition, we help perform generalized and POVM measurements. Knowing the importance of measurements for many quantum information protocols, e.g., one-way computing, we hope that this update makes the FEYNMAN code an attractive and versatile tool for both, research and education. New version program summaryProgram title: FEYNMAN Catalogue identifier: ADWE_v5_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADWE_v5_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 27 210 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 960 471 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Maple 12 Computer: Any computer with Maple software installed Operating system: Any system that supports Maple; the program has been tested under Microsoft Windows XP and Linux Classification: 4.15 Catalogue identifier of previous version: ADWE_v4_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Commun. 179 (2008) 647 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: During the last decade, the field of quantum information science has largely contributed to our understanding of quantum mechanics, and has provided also new and efficient protocols that are used on quantum entanglement. To further analyze the amount and transfer of entanglement in n-qubit quantum protocols, symbolic and numerical simulations need to be handled efficiently. Solution method: Using the computer algebra system Maple, we developed a set of procedures in order to support the definition, manipulation and analysis of n-qubit quantum registers. These procedures also help to deal with (unitary) logic gates and (nonunitary) quantum operations and measurements that act upon the quantum registers. All commands are organized in a hierarchical order and can be used interactively in order to simulate and analyze the evolution of n-qubit quantum systems, both in ideal and noisy quantum circuits. Reasons for new version: Until the present, the FEYNMAN program supported the basic data structures and operations of n-qubit quantum registers [1], a good number of separability and entanglement measures [2], quantum operations (noisy channels) [3] as well as the parametrizations of various frequently applied objects, such as (pure and mixed) quantum states, hermitian and unitary matrices or classical probability distributions [4]. With the current extension, we here add all necessary features to simulate quantum measurements, including the projective measurements in various single-qubit and the two-qubit Bell basis, and POVM measurements. Together with the previously implemented functionality, this greatly enhances the possibilities of analyzing quantum information protocols in which measurements play a central role, e.g., one-way computation. Running time: Most commands require ⩽10 seconds of processor time on a Pentium 4 processor with ⩾2 GHz RAM or newer, if they work with quantum registers with five or less qubits. Moreover, about 5-20 MB of working memory is typically needed (in addition to the memory for the Maple environment itself). However, especially when working with symbolic expressions, the requirements on the CPU time and memory critically depend on the size of the quantum registers owing to the exponential growth of the dimension of the associated Hilbert space. For example, complex (symbolic) noise models, i.e. with several Kraus operators, may result in very large expressions that dramatically slow down the evaluation of e.g. distance measures or the final-state entropy, etc. In these cases, Maple's assume facility sometimes helps to reduce the complexity of the symbolic expressions, but more often than not only a numerical evaluation is feasible. Since the various commands can be applied to quite different scenarios, no general scaling rule can be given for the CPU time or the request of memory. References:[1] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 173 (2005) 91.[2] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 175 (2006) 145.[3] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 176 (2007) 617.[4] T. Radtke, S. Fritzsche, Comput. Phys. Commun. 179 (2008) 647.

Quantization, Frobenius and Bi algebras from the Categorical Framework of Quantum Mechanics to Natural Language Semantics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadrzadeh, Mehrnoosh

2017-07-01

Compact Closed categories and Frobenius and Bi algebras have been applied to model and reason about Quantum protocols. The same constructions have also been applied to reason about natural language semantics under the name: ``categorical distributional compositional'' semantics, or in short, the ``DisCoCat'' model. This model combines the statistical vector models of word meaning with the compositional models of grammatical structure. It has been applied to natural language tasks such as disambiguation, paraphrasing and entailment of phrases and sentences. The passage from the grammatical structure to vectors is provided by a functor, similar to the Quantization functor of Quantum Field Theory. The original DisCoCat model only used compact closed categories. Later, Frobenius algebras were added to it to model long distance dependancies such as relative pronouns. Recently, bialgebras have been added to the pack to reason about quantifiers. This paper reviews these constructions and their application to natural language semantics. We go over the theory and present some of the core experimental results.

Metaphor and Universal Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blown, Eric; And Others

1990-01-01

Attempts to identify elements of universal language and probes the limitations of the communication metaphor. Universal language is discussed in terms of the theory of quantum nonlocality and the implications of this theory for communication with extraterrestrial beings. (PCB)

A new software-based architecture for quantum computer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Nan; Song, FangMin; Li, Xiangdong

2010-04-01

In this paper, we study a reliable architecture of a quantum computer and a new instruction set and machine language for the architecture, which can improve the performance and reduce the cost of the quantum computing. We also try to address some key issues in detail in the software-driven universal quantum computers.

- XSUMMER- Transcendental functions and symbolic summation in FORM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moch, S.; Uwer, P.

2006-05-01

Harmonic sums and their generalizations are extremely useful in the evaluation of higher-order perturbative corrections in quantum field theory. Of particular interest have been the so-called nested sums, where the harmonic sums and their generalizations appear as building blocks, originating for example, from the expansion of generalized hypergeometric functions around integer values of the parameters. In this paper we discuss the implementation of several algorithms to solve these sums by algebraic means, using the computer algebra system FORM. Program summaryTitle of program:XSUMMER Catalogue identifier:ADXQ_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADXQ_v1_0 Program obtainable from:CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland License:GNU Public License and FORM License Computers:all Operating system:all Program language:FORM Memory required to execute:Depending on the complexity of the problem, recommended at least 64 MB RAM No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.:9854 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.:126 551 Distribution format:tar.gz Other programs called:none External files needed:none Nature of the physical problem:Systematic expansion of higher transcendental functions in a small parameter. The expansions arise in the calculation of loop integrals in perturbative quantum field theory. Method of solution:Algebraic manipulations of nested sums. Restrictions on complexity of the problem:Usually limited only by the available disk space. Typical running time:Dependent on the complexity of the problem.

Quantum Talk: How Small-Group Discussions May Enhance Students' Understanding in Quantum Physics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bungum, Berit; Bøe, Maria Vetleseter; Henriksen, Ellen Karoline

2018-01-01

Quantum physics challenges our views of the physical world and describes phenomena that cannot be directly observed. The use of language is hence essential in the teaching of quantum physics. With a sociocultural view of learning, we investigate characteristics of preuniversity students' small-group discussions and their potential for enhancing…

Quantum error correction in crossbar architectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Helsen, Jonas; Steudtner, Mark; Veldhorst, Menno; Wehner, Stephanie

2018-07-01

A central challenge for the scaling of quantum computing systems is the need to control all qubits in the system without a large overhead. A solution for this problem in classical computing comes in the form of so-called crossbar architectures. Recently we made a proposal for a large-scale quantum processor (Li et al arXiv:1711.03807 (2017)) to be implemented in silicon quantum dots. This system features a crossbar control architecture which limits parallel single-qubit control, but allows the scheme to overcome control scaling issues that form a major hurdle to large-scale quantum computing systems. In this work, we develop a language that makes it possible to easily map quantum circuits to crossbar systems, taking into account their architecture and control limitations. Using this language we show how to map well known quantum error correction codes such as the planar surface and color codes in this limited control setting with only a small overhead in time. We analyze the logical error behavior of this surface code mapping for estimated experimental parameters of the crossbar system and conclude that logical error suppression to a level useful for real quantum computation is feasible.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nielsen, Erik; Blume-Kohout, Robin; Rudinger, Kenneth

PyGSTi is an implementation of Gate Set Tomography in the python programming language. Gate Set Tomography (GST) is a theory and protocol for simultaneously estimating the state preparation, gate operations, and measurement effects of a physical system of one or many quantum bits (qubits). These estimates are based entirely on the statistics of experimental measurements, and their interpretation and analysis can provide a detailed understanding of the types of errors/imperfections in the physical system. In this way, GST provides not only a means of certifying the "goodness" of qubits but also a means of debugging (i.e. improving) them.

CRITIC2: A program for real-space analysis of quantum chemical interactions in solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Otero-de-la-Roza, A.; Johnson, Erin R.; Luaña, Víctor

2014-03-01

We present CRITIC2, a program for the analysis of quantum-mechanical atomic and molecular interactions in periodic solids. This code, a greatly improved version of the previous CRITIC program (Otero-de-la Roza et al., 2009), can: (i) find critical points of the electron density and related scalar fields such as the electron localization function (ELF), Laplacian, … (ii) integrate atomic properties in the framework of Bader’s Atoms-in-Molecules theory (QTAIM), (iii) visualize non-covalent interactions in crystals using the non-covalent interactions (NCI) index, (iv) generate relevant graphical representations including lines, planes, gradient paths, contour plots, atomic basins, … and (v) perform transformations between file formats describing scalar fields and crystal structures. CRITIC2 can interface with the output produced by a variety of electronic structure programs including WIEN2k, elk, PI, abinit, Quantum ESPRESSO, VASP, Gaussian, and, in general, any other code capable of writing the scalar field under study to a three-dimensional grid. CRITIC2 is parallelized, completely documented (including illustrative test cases) and publicly available under the GNU General Public License. Catalogue identifier: AECB_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AECB_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: yes No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 11686949 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 337020731 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 77 and 90. Computer: Workstations. Operating system: Unix, GNU/Linux. Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Shared-memory parallelization can be used for most tasks. Classification: 7.3. Catalogue identifier of previous version: AECB_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 180 (2009) 157 Nature of problem: Analysis of quantum-chemical interactions in periodic solids by means of atoms-in-molecules and related formalisms. Solution method: Critical point search using Newton’s algorithm, atomic basin integration using bisection, qtree and grid-based algorithms, diverse graphical representations and computation of the non-covalent interactions index on a three-dimensional grid. Additional comments: !!!!! The distribution file for this program is over 330 Mbytes and therefore is not delivered directly when download or Email is requested. Instead a html file giving details of how the program can be obtained is sent. !!!!! Running time: Variable, depending on the crystal and the source of the underlying scalar field.

Quantum Physics Principles and Communication in the Acute Healthcare Setting: A Pilot Study.

PubMed

Helgeson, Heidi L; Peyerl, Colleen Kraft; Solheim-Witt, Marit

This pilot study explores whether clinician awareness of quantum physics principles could facilitate open communication between patients and providers. In the spirit of action research, this study was conceptualized with a holistic view of human health, using a mixed method design of grounded theory as an emergent method. Instrumentation includes surveys and a focus group discussion with twelve registered nurses working in an acute care hospital setting. Findings document that the preliminary core phenomenon, energy as information, influences communication in the healthcare environment. Key emergent themes include awareness, language, validation, open communication, strategies, coherence, incoherence and power. Research participants indicate that quantum physics principles provide a language and conceptual framework for improving their awareness of communication and interactions in the healthcare environment. Implications of this pilot study support the feasibility of future research and education on awareness of quantum physics principles in other clinical settings. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Integrated Development Environment for Adiabatic Quantum Programming

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Humble, Travis S; McCaskey, Alex; Bennink, Ryan S

2014-01-01

Adiabatic quantum computing is a promising route to the computational power afforded by quantum information processing. The recent availability of adiabatic hardware raises the question of how well quantum programs perform. Benchmarking behavior is challenging since the multiple steps to synthesize an adiabatic quantum program are highly tunable. We present an adiabatic quantum programming environment called JADE that provides control over all the steps taken during program development. JADE captures the workflow needed to rigorously benchmark performance while also allowing a variety of problem types, programming techniques, and processor configurations. We have also integrated JADE with a quantum simulation enginemore » that enables program profiling using numerical calculation. The computational engine supports plug-ins for simulation methodologies tailored to various metrics and computing resources. We present the design, integration, and deployment of JADE and discuss its use for benchmarking adiabatic quantum programs.« less

Introduction to Theoretical Modelling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Davis, Matthew J.; Gardiner, Simon A.; Hanna, Thomas M.; Nygaard, Nicolai; Proukakis, Nick P.; Szymańska, Marzena H.

2013-02-01

We briefly overview commonly encountered theoretical notions arising in the modelling of quantum gases, intended to provide a unified background to the `language' and diverse theoretical models presented elsewhere in this book, and aimed particularly at researchers from outside the quantum gases community.

Tensor network states in time-bin quantum optics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lubasch, Michael; Valido, Antonio A.; Renema, Jelmer J.; Kolthammer, W. Steven; Jaksch, Dieter; Kim, M. S.; Walmsley, Ian; García-Patrón, Raúl

2018-06-01

The current shift in the quantum optics community towards experiments with many modes and photons necessitates new classical simulation techniques that efficiently encode many-body quantum correlations and go beyond the usual phase-space formulation. To address this pressing demand we formulate linear quantum optics in the language of tensor network states. We extensively analyze the quantum and classical correlations of time-bin interference in a single fiber loop. We then generalize our results to more complex time-bin quantum setups and identify different classes of architectures for high-complexity and low-overhead boson sampling experiments.

C++QEDv2: The multi-array concept and compile-time algorithms in the definition of composite quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vukics, András

2012-06-01

C++QED is a versatile framework for simulating open quantum dynamics. It allows to build arbitrarily complex quantum systems from elementary free subsystems and interactions, and simulate their time evolution with the available time-evolution drivers. Through this framework, we introduce a design which should be generic for high-level representations of composite quantum systems. It relies heavily on the object-oriented and generic programming paradigms on one hand, and on the other hand, compile-time algorithms, in particular C++ template-metaprogramming techniques. The core of the design is the data structure which represents the state vectors of composite quantum systems. This data structure models the multi-array concept. The use of template metaprogramming is not only crucial to the design, but with its use all computations pertaining to the layout of the simulated system can be shifted to compile time, hence cutting on runtime. Program summaryProgram title: C++QED Catalogue identifier: AELU_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AELU_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/aelu_v1_0.html. The C++QED package contains other software packages, Blitz, Boost and FLENS, all of which may be distributed freely but have individual license requirements. Please see individual packages for license conditions. No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 597 974 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 4 874 839 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ Computer: i386-i686, x86_64 Operating system: In principle cross-platform, as yet tested only on UNIX-like systems (including Mac OS X). RAM: The framework itself takes about 60 MB, which is fully shared. The additional memory taken by the program which defines the actual physical system (script) is typically less than 1 MB. The memory storing the actual data scales with the system dimension for state-vector manipulations, and the square of the dimension for density-operator manipulations. This might easily be GBs, and often the memory of the machine limits the size of the simulated system. Classification: 4.3, 4.13, 6.2, 20 External routines: Boost C++ libraries (http://www.boost.org/), GNU Scientific Library (http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/), Blitz++ (http://www.oonumerics.org/blitz/), Linear Algebra Package - Flexible Library for Efficient Numerical Solutions (http://flens.sourceforge.net/). Nature of problem: Definition of (open) composite quantum systems out of elementary building blocks [1]. Manipulation of such systems, with emphasis on dynamical simulations such as Master-equation evolution [2] and Monte Carlo wave-function simulation [3]. Solution method: Master equation, Monte Carlo wave-function method. Restrictions: Total dimensionality of the system. Master equation - few thousands. Monte Carlo wave-function trajectory - several millions. Unusual features: Because of the heavy use of compile-time algorithms, compilation of programs written in the framework may take a long time and much memory (up to several GBs). Additional comments: The framework is not a program, but provides and implements an application-programming interface for developing simulations in the indicated problem domain. Supplementary information: http://cppqed.sourceforge.net/. Running time: Depending on the magnitude of the problem, can vary from a few seconds to weeks.

On the Reasonable and Unreasonable Effectiveness of Mathematics in Classical and Quantum Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Plotnitsky, Arkady

2011-03-01

The point of departure for this article is Werner Heisenberg's remark, made in 1929: "It is not surprising that our language [or conceptuality] should be incapable of describing processes occurring within atoms, for … it was invented to describe the experiences of daily life, and these consist only of processes involving exceedingly large numbers of atoms. … Fortunately, mathematics is not subject to this limitation, and it has been possible to invent a mathematical scheme—the quantum theory [quantum mechanics]—which seems entirely adequate for the treatment of atomic processes." The cost of this discovery, at least in Heisenberg's and related interpretations of quantum mechanics (such as that of Niels Bohr), is that, in contrast to classical mechanics, the mathematical scheme in question no longer offers a description, even an idealized one, of quantum objects and processes. This scheme only enables predictions, in general, probabilistic in character, of the outcomes of quantum experiments. As a result, a new type of the relationships between mathematics and physics is established, which, in the language of Eugene Wigner adopted in my title, indeed makes the effectiveness of mathematics unreasonable in quantum but, as I shall explain, not in classical physics. The article discusses these new relationships between mathematics and physics in quantum theory and their implications for theoretical physics—past, present, and future.

Employing online quantum random number generators for generating truly random quantum states in Mathematica

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miszczak, Jarosław Adam

2013-01-01

The presented package for the Mathematica computing system allows the harnessing of quantum random number generators (QRNG) for investigating the statistical properties of quantum states. The described package implements a number of functions for generating random states. The new version of the package adds the ability to use the on-line quantum random number generator service and implements new functions for retrieving lists of random numbers. Thanks to the introduced improvements, the new version provides faster access to high-quality sources of random numbers and can be used in simulations requiring large amount of random data. New version program summaryProgram title: TRQS Catalogue identifier: AEKA_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEKA_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 18 134 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 2 520 49 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica, C. Computer: Any supporting Mathematica in version 7 or higher. Operating system: Any platform supporting Mathematica; tested with GNU/Linux (32 and 64 bit). RAM: Case-dependent Supplementary material: Fig. 1 mentioned below can be downloaded. Classification: 4.15. External routines: Quantis software library (http://www.idquantique.com/support/quantis-trng.html) Catalogue identifier of previous version: AEKA_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 183(2012)118 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: Generation of random density matrices and utilization of high-quality random numbers for the purpose of computer simulation. Solution method: Use of a physical quantum random number generator and an on-line service providing access to the source of true random numbers generated by quantum real number generator. Reasons for new version: Added support for the high-speed on-line quantum random number generator and improved methods for retrieving lists of random numbers. Summary of revisions: The presented version provides two signicant improvements. The first one is the ability to use the on-line Quantum Random Number Generation service developed by PicoQuant GmbH and the Nano-Optics groups at the Department of Physics of Humboldt University. The on-line service supported in the version 2.0 of the TRQS package provides faster access to true randomness sources constructed using the laws of quantum physics. The service is freely available at https://qrng.physik.hu-berlin.de/. The use of this service allows using the presented package with the need of a physical quantum random number generator. The second improvement introduced in this version is the ability to retrieve arrays of random data directly for the used source. This increases the speed of the random number generation, especially in the case of an on-line service, where it reduces the time necessary to establish the connection. Thanks to the speed improvement of the presented version, the package can now be used in simulations requiring larger amounts of random data. Moreover, the functions for generating random numbers provided by the current version of the package more closely follow the pattern of functions for generating pseudo- random numbers provided in Mathematica. Additional comments: Speed comparison: The implementation of the support for the QRNG on-line service provides a noticeable improvement in the speed of random number generation. For the samples of real numbers of size 101; 102,…,107 the times required to generate these samples using Quantis USB device and QRNG service are compared in Fig. 1. The presented results show that the use of the on-line service provides faster access to random numbers. One should note, however, that the speed gain can increase or decrease depending on the connection speed between the computer and the server providing random numbers. Running time: Depends on the used source of randomness and the amount of random data used in the experiment. References: [1] M. Wahl, M. Leifgen, M. Berlin, T. Röhlicke, H.-J. Rahn, O. Benson., An ultrafast quantum random number generator with provably bounded output bias based on photon arrival time measurements, Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 098, 171105 (2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3578456.

FORM version 4.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuipers, J.; Ueda, T.; Vermaseren, J. A. M.; Vollinga, J.

2013-05-01

We present version 4.0 of the symbolic manipulation system FORM. The most important new features are manipulation of rational polynomials and the factorization of expressions. Many other new functions and commands are also added; some of them are very general, while others are designed for building specific high level packages, such as one for Gröbner bases. New is also the checkpoint facility, that allows for periodic backups during long calculations. Finally, FORM 4.0 has become available as open source under the GNU General Public License version 3. Program summaryProgram title: FORM. Catalogue identifier: AEOT_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOT_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 151599 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1 078 748 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: The FORM language. FORM itself is programmed in a mixture of C and C++. Computer: All. Operating system: UNIX, LINUX, Mac OS, Windows. Classification: 5. Nature of problem: FORM defines a symbolic manipulation language in which the emphasis lies on fast processing of very large formulas. It has been used successfully for many calculations in Quantum Field Theory and mathematics. In speed and size of formulas that can be handled it outperforms other systems typically by an order of magnitude. Special in this version: The version 4.0 contains many new features. Most important are factorization and rational arithmetic. The program has also become open source under the GPL. The code in CPC is for reference. You are encouraged to upload the most recent sources from www.nikhef.nl/form/formcvs.php because of frequent bug fixes. Solution method: See "Nature of Problem", above. Additional comments: NOTE: The code in CPC is for reference. You are encouraged to upload the most recent sources from www.nikhef.nl/form/formcvs.php because of frequent bug fixes.

Limitations on post-processing assisted quantum programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heinosaari, Teiko; Miyadera, Takayuki; Tukiainen, Mikko

2017-03-01

A quantum multimeter is a programmable device that can implement measurements of different observables depending on the programming quantum state inserted into it. The advantage of this arrangement over a single-purpose device is in its versatility: one can realize various measurements simply by changing the programming state. The classical manipulation of measurement output data is known as post-processing. In this work we study the post-processing assisted quantum programming, which is a protocol where quantum programming and classical post-processing are combined. We provide examples showing that these two processes combined can be more efficient than either of them used separately. Furthermore, we derive an inequality relating the programming resources to their corresponding programmed observables, thereby enabling us to study the limitations on post-processing assisted quantum programming.

Innovative quantum technologies for microgravity fundamental physics and biological research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kierk, I.; Israelsson, U.; Lee, M.

2001-01-01

This paper presents a new technology program, within the fundamental physics research program, focusing on four quantum technology areas: quantum atomics, quantum optics, space superconductivity and quantum sensor technology, and quantum fluid based sensor and modeling technology.

Physical Concepts and Mathematical Symbols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grelland, Hans Herlof

2007-12-01

According to traditional empiricist philosophy of science, concepts and meaning grow out of sense experience, and the mathematical structure of a physical theory is nothing but a formalisation of a given meaning-content. This view seems to work well in classical mechanics. But it breaks down in quantum physics, where we have a self-supported mathematical structure which resists any conceptual or pictorial interpretation in the traditional sense. Thus, traditional empiricism is flawed. Quantum physics teaches us that mathematics is a language in itself which extends beyond ordinary language. To understand the meaning of this extended language, we have to explore how new concepts and intuitions grow out of mathematics, not the other way around. The symbolic structure is prior to its meaning. This point of view is called linguistic empiricism, to stress that the connection with experience is still crucial. As cases, I compare the concept of stiffness in classical mechanics and the concept of electron density in quantum mechanics. The last case demonstrates that the wave function has a richer interpretation than the probabilistic one concerning measurement of position.

Computing quantum hashing in the model of quantum branching programs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ablayev, Farid; Ablayev, Marat; Vasiliev, Alexander

2018-02-01

We investigate the branching program complexity of quantum hashing. We consider a quantum hash function that maps elements of a finite field into quantum states. We require that this function is preimage-resistant and collision-resistant. We consider two complexity measures for Quantum Branching Programs (QBP): a number of qubits and a number of compu-tational steps. We show that the quantum hash function can be computed efficiently. Moreover, we prove that such QBP construction is optimal. That is, we prove lower bounds that match the constructed quantum hash function computation.

Using Conceptual Metaphor and Functional Grammar to Explore How Language Used in Physics Affects Student Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brookes, David T.; Etkina, Eugenia

2007-01-01

This paper introduces a theory about the role of language in learning physics. The theory is developed in the context of physics students and physicists talking and writing about the subject of quantum mechanics. We found that physicists' language encodes different varieties of analogical models through the use of grammar and conceptual metaphor.…

Kristian Camilleri: Heisenberg and the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics—The Physicist as Philosopher. Cambridge University Press, 2009, ISBN-13:9780521884846, 211 pp.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kleemans, Machiel

2010-11-01

The book Heisenberg and the Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics—The Physicist as Philosopher, by Kristian Camilleri is critically reviewed. The work details Heisenberg’s philosophical development from an early positivist commitment towards a later philosophy of language. It is of interest to researchers and graduate students in the history and philosophy of quantum mechanics.

The Tie That Binds:. A Fundamental Unit of `Change' in Space and Time

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beichler, James E.

2013-09-01

Why, despite all efforts to the contrary, have attempts at unification based on the supposedly more fundamental quantum theory failed miserably? The truth is that the essential idea or concept of the quantum itself has never been fully understood. What is the quantum, or rather, what is its ultimate nature? Science may be able to work adequately with the quantum; in a sense science is quite articulate in the language of the quantum, i.e., its mathematical interpretation of the quantum mechanics, but science has no idea of the true physical nature of the quantum. Scientists and philosophers have wasted energy and efforts on irrelevant issues such as the debate over determinism and indeterminism instead of carefully analyzing the physical source of the quantum. Only with a true understanding of the physical nature of the quantum will the unification of the quantum and relativity ever become a reality.

Extended computational kernels in a massively parallel implementation of the Trotter-Suzuki approximation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wittek, Peter; Calderaro, Luca

2015-12-01

We extended a parallel and distributed implementation of the Trotter-Suzuki algorithm for simulating quantum systems to study a wider range of physical problems and to make the library easier to use. The new release allows periodic boundary conditions, many-body simulations of non-interacting particles, arbitrary stationary potential functions, and imaginary time evolution to approximate the ground state energy. The new release is more resilient to the computational environment: a wider range of compiler chains and more platforms are supported. To ease development, we provide a more extensive command-line interface, an application programming interface, and wrappers from high-level languages.

Language-Through-Literature; A Literary Language/Language Arts Program for Bilingual Education, ESL and Other Activities in Early Childhood. Books 1 and 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

King, Paul; King, Eva

This language-through-literature program is designed to be used as a native language program (language arts/reading readiness), as a second language program, or as a combined native and second language program in early childhood education. Sequentially developed over the year and within each unit, the program is subdivided into 14 units of about…

i-PI: A Python interface for ab initio path integral molecular dynamics simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceriotti, Michele; More, Joshua; Manolopoulos, David E.

2014-03-01

Recent developments in path integral methodology have significantly reduced the computational expense of including quantum mechanical effects in the nuclear motion in ab initio molecular dynamics simulations. However, the implementation of these developments requires a considerable programming effort, which has hindered their adoption. Here we describe i-PI, an interface written in Python that has been designed to minimise the effort required to bring state-of-the-art path integral techniques to an electronic structure program. While it is best suited to first principles calculations and path integral molecular dynamics, i-PI can also be used to perform classical molecular dynamics simulations, and can just as easily be interfaced with an empirical forcefield code. To give just one example of the many potential applications of the interface, we use it in conjunction with the CP2K electronic structure package to showcase the importance of nuclear quantum effects in high-pressure water. Catalogue identifier: AERN_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AERN_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 138626 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3128618 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: Multiple architectures. Operating system: Linux, Mac OSX, Windows. RAM: Less than 256 Mb Classification: 7.7. External routines: NumPy Nature of problem: Bringing the latest developments in the modelling of nuclear quantum effects with path integral molecular dynamics to ab initio electronic structure programs with minimal implementational effort. Solution method: State-of-the-art path integral molecular dynamics techniques are implemented in a Python interface. Any electronic structure code can be patched to receive the atomic coordinates from the Python interface, and to return the forces and energy that are used to integrate the equations of motion. Restrictions: This code only deals with distinguishable particles. It does not include fermonic or bosonic exchanges between equivalent nuclei, which can become important at very low temperatures. Running time: Depends dramatically on the nature of the simulation being performed. A few minutes for short tests with empirical force fields, up to several weeks for production calculations with ab initio forces. The examples provided with the code run in less than an hour.

Awakening the Languages. Challenges of Enduring Language Programs: Field Reports from 15 Programs from Arizona, New Mexico and Oklahoma.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Linn, Mary S.; Naranjo, Tessie; Nicholas, Sheilah; Slaughter, Inee; Yamamoto, Akira; Zepeda, Ofelia

The Indigenous Language Institute (ILI) collaborates with indigenous language communities to combat language decline. ILI facilitates community-based language programs, increases public awareness of language endangerment, and disseminates information on language preservation and successful language revitalization programs. In response to numerous…

Unary probabilistic and quantum automata on promise problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gainutdinova, Aida; Yakaryılmaz, Abuzer

2018-02-01

We continue the systematic investigation of probabilistic and quantum finite automata (PFAs and QFAs) on promise problems by focusing on unary languages. We show that bounded-error unary QFAs are more powerful than bounded-error unary PFAs, and, contrary to the binary language case, the computational power of Las-Vegas QFAs and bounded-error PFAs is equivalent to the computational power of deterministic finite automata (DFAs). Then, we present a new family of unary promise problems defined with two parameters such that when fixing one parameter QFAs can be exponentially more succinct than PFAs and when fixing the other parameter PFAs can be exponentially more succinct than DFAs.

Open Quantum Walks and Dissipative Quantum Computing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petruccione, Francesco

2012-02-01

Open Quantum Walks (OQWs) have been recently introduced as quantum Markov chains on graphs [S. Attal, F. Petruccione, C. Sabot, and I. Sinayskiy, E-print: http://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00581553/fr/]. The formulation of the OQWs is exclusively based upon the non-unitary dynamics induced by the environment. It will be shown that OQWs are a very useful tool for the formulation of dissipative quantum computing and quantum state preparation. In particular, it will be shown how to implement single qubit gates and the CNOT gate as OQWs on fully connected graphs. Also, OQWS make possible the dissipative quantum state preparation of arbitrary single qubit states and of all two-qubit Bell states. Finally, it will be shown how to reformulate efficiently a discrete time version of dissipative quantum computing in the language of OQWs.

Quantum Linguistics: A Response to David Mallows.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Kent A.

2003-01-01

Responds to an earlier article that illustrated how metaphorically applying chaos and complexity theory to language teaching, second language acquisition, and the observed lesson can alter perspectives about how these things are viewed. Suggests that chaos and complexity theory could also help see the following areas in a new light: syllabus…

An introduction to quantum machine learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schuld, Maria; Sinayskiy, Ilya; Petruccione, Francesco

2015-04-01

Machine learning algorithms learn a desired input-output relation from examples in order to interpret new inputs. This is important for tasks such as image and speech recognition or strategy optimisation, with growing applications in the IT industry. In the last couple of years, researchers investigated if quantum computing can help to improve classical machine learning algorithms. Ideas range from running computationally costly algorithms or their subroutines efficiently on a quantum computer to the translation of stochastic methods into the language of quantum theory. This contribution gives a systematic overview of the emerging field of quantum machine learning. It presents the approaches as well as technical details in an accessible way, and discusses the potential of a future theory of quantum learning.

25 CFR 39.132 - Can a school integrate Language Development programs into its regular instructional program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can a school integrate Language Development programs into... Language Development Programs § 39.132 Can a school integrate Language Development programs into its regular instructional program? A school may offer Language Development programs to students as part of its...

25 CFR 39.132 - Can a school integrate Language Development programs into its regular instructional program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Can a school integrate Language Development programs into... Language Development Programs § 39.132 Can a school integrate Language Development programs into its regular instructional program? A school may offer Language Development programs to students as part of its...

Large-scale quantum networks based on graphs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Epping, Michael; Kampermann, Hermann; Bruß, Dagmar

2016-05-01

Society relies and depends increasingly on information exchange and communication. In the quantum world, security and privacy is a built-in feature for information processing. The essential ingredient for exploiting these quantum advantages is the resource of entanglement, which can be shared between two or more parties. The distribution of entanglement over large distances constitutes a key challenge for current research and development. Due to losses of the transmitted quantum particles, which typically scale exponentially with the distance, intermediate quantum repeater stations are needed. Here we show how to generalise the quantum repeater concept to the multipartite case, by describing large-scale quantum networks, i.e. network nodes and their long-distance links, consistently in the language of graphs and graph states. This unifying approach comprises both the distribution of multipartite entanglement across the network, and the protection against errors via encoding. The correspondence to graph states also provides a tool for optimising the architecture of quantum networks.

Time Reparametrization Group and the Long Time Behavior in Quantum Glassy Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kennett, Malcolm P.; Chamon, Claudio

2001-02-01

We study the long time dynamics of a quantum version of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick model. Time reparametrizations of the dynamical equations have a parallel with renormalization group transformations; in this language the long time behavior of this model is controlled by a reparametrization group ( RpG) fixed point of the classical dynamics. The irrelevance of quantum terms in the dynamical equations in the aging regime explains the classical nature of the out of equilibrium fluctuation-dissipation relation.

Metaphorical Transformation: A Tool for Enhancing Holistic Language Instruction and Student Identity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Richard D.

The Cartesian/Newtonian vision of human existence is outmoded because modern quantum physics has rendered it inaccurate. Quantum theory has demonstrated that the world cannot be reduced to independent and separate elements. The notion that there is an external, objective reality "out there," separate from the self, to be classified, measured,…

25 CFR 39.136 - What is the WSU for Language Development programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false What is the WSU for Language Development programs? 39.136... EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.136 What is the WSU for Language Development programs? Language Development programs are funded at 0.13 WSUs per student. ...

Quantum Leap--A Teacher and a Consultant Exchange Jobs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lier, Jacquie; Bufe, Bruce

1993-01-01

To gain appreciation for each others' perspectives, a Mississippi language arts consultant and a third-grade teacher from Iowa traded jobs for a year. As a consultant, the teacher found that classroom teachers were more interested in whole-language instruction practicalities than in theory. As a teacher, the consultant learned that classroom…

Quantum Poetics: Science and Spirit in Twentieth Century American Poetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monaghan, Mary Patricia

Concepts from quantum physics illuminate ways in which five 20th century American poets struggle with the expression of nonlinear, nontemporal experiences in linear, temporal language. An "experience of spirit"- -an experience of cosmic unity which occurs in a timeless moment and involves a paradoxical sensuality--is expressed by poets Wallace Stevens, Albert Goldbarth, Nancy Willard, Linda Gregg and Marilyn Waniek. Contemporary science similarly seeks ways to express nonlinear realities in linear language. The English language is found to guide users to linear, time-bounded expression through the noun (leading to nominalization), the verb (demanding experience be limited to past, present or future), adverb and adjective (which separate senses from each other and divide attributes from essence). English presents structural difficulties to those who wish to express experiences of spirit--difficulties also articulated by quantum theorists struggling to express unvisualizable concepts. Wallace Stevens devoted the first half of his poetic career to questions of order, which find reflections within the works of quantum physicists who theorize an "implicate order" within the subatomic universe. During his later years, Stevens turned to the question of chaos, an interest paralleled by recent developments in dynamical systems theory. Albert Goldbarth and Nancy Willard alter narrative form in three ways to convey nonlinear possibilities. The "parabolic" narrative uses story to exemplify a moral or philosophical message. The "midrashic" illuminates the meaning of one story by the telling of another. Finally, the "coyotic" begins with one, apparently ordinary, story which is then altered to introduce fantastical realities. These narratives form a "relative time," similar to that which Einstein defined in his special theory of relativity. The works of Marilyn Waniek and Linda Gregg are examined in terms of the language of paradoxical sensuality, which calls into question the avoidance of awareness of embodiment by contemporary physicists. Waniek, working in the tradition of John of the Cross, employs sensual language to suggest relationship with the divine. Gregg, employing the tradition of Sappho, reveals identification or embodiment of the divine in her work. An autobiographical essay on the connections between science, spirituality and poetry in contemporary life concludes the work.

Assessing Foreign Language Proficiency of Undergraduates. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teschner, Richard V., Ed.

This collection of papers includes: "Foreign Language Testing Today: Issues in Language Program Direction" (Frank Nuessel); "Assessing the Problems of Assessment" (M. Peter Hagiwara); "Testing in Foreign Language Programs and Testing Programs in Foreign Language Departments: Reflections and Recommendations" (Elizabeth…

Concrete resource analysis of the quantum linear-system algorithm used to compute the electromagnetic scattering cross section of a 2D target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scherer, Artur; Valiron, Benoît; Mau, Siun-Chuon; Alexander, Scott; van den Berg, Eric; Chapuran, Thomas E.

2017-03-01

We provide a detailed estimate for the logical resource requirements of the quantum linear-system algorithm (Harrow et al. in Phys Rev Lett 103:150502, 2009) including the recently described elaborations and application to computing the electromagnetic scattering cross section of a metallic target (Clader et al. in Phys Rev Lett 110:250504, 2013). Our resource estimates are based on the standard quantum-circuit model of quantum computation; they comprise circuit width (related to parallelism), circuit depth (total number of steps), the number of qubits and ancilla qubits employed, and the overall number of elementary quantum gate operations as well as more specific gate counts for each elementary fault-tolerant gate from the standard set { X, Y, Z, H, S, T, { CNOT } }. In order to perform these estimates, we used an approach that combines manual analysis with automated estimates generated via the Quipper quantum programming language and compiler. Our estimates pertain to the explicit example problem size N=332{,}020{,}680 beyond which, according to a crude big-O complexity comparison, the quantum linear-system algorithm is expected to run faster than the best known classical linear-system solving algorithm. For this problem size, a desired calculation accuracy ɛ =0.01 requires an approximate circuit width 340 and circuit depth of order 10^{25} if oracle costs are excluded, and a circuit width and circuit depth of order 10^8 and 10^{29}, respectively, if the resource requirements of oracles are included, indicating that the commonly ignored oracle resources are considerable. In addition to providing detailed logical resource estimates, it is also the purpose of this paper to demonstrate explicitly (using a fine-grained approach rather than relying on coarse big-O asymptotic approximations) how these impressively large numbers arise with an actual circuit implementation of a quantum algorithm. While our estimates may prove to be conservative as more efficient advanced quantum-computation techniques are developed, they nevertheless provide a valid baseline for research targeting a reduction of the algorithmic-level resource requirements, implying that a reduction by many orders of magnitude is necessary for the algorithm to become practical.

25 CFR 39.131 - What is a Language Development Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.131 What is a Language Development Program? A Language Development program is one that serves students who either: (a...

25 CFR 39.131 - What is a Language Development Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.131 What is a Language Development Program? A Language Development program is one that serves students who either: (a...

25 CFR 39.131 - What is a Language Development Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.131 What is a Language Development Program? A Language Development program is one that serves students who either: (a...

Research Issues and Language Program Direction. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heilenman, L. Kathy, Ed.

This collection of papers is divided into two parts. After "Introduction" (L. Kathy Heilenman), Part 1, "Research and Language Program Directors: The Relationship," includes "Research Domains and Language Program Direction" (Bill VanPatten); "Language Program Direction and the Modernist Agenda" (Celeste…

Massively parallel sparse matrix function calculations with NTPoly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dawson, William; Nakajima, Takahito

2018-04-01

We present NTPoly, a massively parallel library for computing the functions of sparse, symmetric matrices. The theory of matrix functions is a well developed framework with a wide range of applications including differential equations, graph theory, and electronic structure calculations. One particularly important application area is diagonalization free methods in quantum chemistry. When the input and output of the matrix function are sparse, methods based on polynomial expansions can be used to compute matrix functions in linear time. We present a library based on these methods that can compute a variety of matrix functions. Distributed memory parallelization is based on a communication avoiding sparse matrix multiplication algorithm. OpenMP task parallellization is utilized to implement hybrid parallelization. We describe NTPoly's interface and show how it can be integrated with programs written in many different programming languages. We demonstrate the merits of NTPoly by performing large scale calculations on the K computer.

A survey of functional programming language principles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holloway, C. M.

1986-01-01

Research in the area of functional programming languages has intensified in the 8 years since John Backus' Turing Award Lecture on the topic was published. The purpose of this paper is to present a survey of the ideas of functional programming languages. The paper assumes the reader is comfortable with mathematics and has knowledge of the basic principles of traditional programming languages, but does not assume any prior knowledge of the ideas of functional languages. A simple functional language is defined and used to illustrate the basic ideas. Topics discussed include the reasons for developing functional languages, methods of expressing concurrency, the algebra of functional programming languages, program transformation techniques, and implementations of functional languages. Existing functional languages are also mentioned. The paper concludes with the author's opinions as to the future of functional languages. An annotated bibliography on the subject is also included.

25 CFR 39.137 - May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false May schools operate a language development program... Formula Language Development Programs § 39.137 May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress? Yes, a school may operate a language development program...

34 CFR 658.1 - What is the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Foreign Language Program? 658.1 Section 658.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.1 What is the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program? The Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program is designed...

34 CFR 669.1 - What is the Language Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the Language Resource Centers Program? 669.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LANGUAGE RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM General § 669.1 What is the Language Resource Centers Program? The Language Resource Centers Program makes awards, through grants or...

34 CFR 658.1 - What is the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Foreign Language Program? 658.1 Section 658.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of... STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.1 What is the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program? The Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program is designed...

34 CFR 669.1 - What is the Language Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What is the Language Resource Centers Program? 669.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION LANGUAGE RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM General § 669.1 What is the Language Resource Centers Program? The Language Resource Centers Program makes awards, through grants or...

Equilibration, thermalisation, and the emergence of statistical mechanics in closed quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gogolin, Christian; Eisert, Jens

2016-05-01

We review selected advances in the theoretical understanding of complex quantum many-body systems with regard to emergent notions of quantum statistical mechanics. We cover topics such as equilibration and thermalisation in pure state statistical mechanics, the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis, the equivalence of ensembles, non-equilibration dynamics following global and local quenches as well as ramps. We also address initial state independence, absence of thermalisation, and many-body localisation. We elucidate the role played by key concepts for these phenomena, such as Lieb-Robinson bounds, entanglement growth, typicality arguments, quantum maximum entropy principles and the generalised Gibbs ensembles, and quantum (non-)integrability. We put emphasis on rigorous approaches and present the most important results in a unified language.

Equilibration, thermalisation, and the emergence of statistical mechanics in closed quantum systems.

PubMed

Gogolin, Christian; Eisert, Jens

2016-05-01

We review selected advances in the theoretical understanding of complex quantum many-body systems with regard to emergent notions of quantum statistical mechanics. We cover topics such as equilibration and thermalisation in pure state statistical mechanics, the eigenstate thermalisation hypothesis, the equivalence of ensembles, non-equilibration dynamics following global and local quenches as well as ramps. We also address initial state independence, absence of thermalisation, and many-body localisation. We elucidate the role played by key concepts for these phenomena, such as Lieb-Robinson bounds, entanglement growth, typicality arguments, quantum maximum entropy principles and the generalised Gibbs ensembles, and quantum (non-)integrability. We put emphasis on rigorous approaches and present the most important results in a unified language.

Black holes as critical point of quantum phase transition.

PubMed

Dvali, Gia; Gomez, Cesar

We reformulate the quantum black hole portrait in the language of modern condensed matter physics. We show that black holes can be understood as a graviton Bose-Einstein condensate at the critical point of a quantum phase transition, identical to what has been observed in systems of cold atoms. The Bogoliubov modes that become degenerate and nearly gapless at this point are the holographic quantum degrees of freedom responsible for the black hole entropy and the information storage. They have no (semi)classical counterparts and become inaccessible in this limit. These findings indicate a deep connection between the seemingly remote systems and suggest a new quantum foundation of holography. They also open an intriguing possibility of simulating black hole information processing in table-top labs.

A Hardware-Accelerated Quantum Monte Carlo framework (HAQMC) for N-body systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gothandaraman, Akila; Peterson, Gregory D.; Warren, G. Lee; Hinde, Robert J.; Harrison, Robert J.

2009-12-01

Interest in the study of structural and energetic properties of highly quantum clusters, such as inert gas clusters has motivated the development of a hardware-accelerated framework for Quantum Monte Carlo simulations. In the Quantum Monte Carlo method, the properties of a system of atoms, such as the ground-state energies, are averaged over a number of iterations. Our framework is aimed at accelerating the computations in each iteration of the QMC application by offloading the calculation of properties, namely energy and trial wave function, onto reconfigurable hardware. This gives a user the capability to run simulations for a large number of iterations, thereby reducing the statistical uncertainty in the properties, and for larger clusters. This framework is designed to run on the Cray XD1 high performance reconfigurable computing platform, which exploits the coarse-grained parallelism of the processor along with the fine-grained parallelism of the reconfigurable computing devices available in the form of field-programmable gate arrays. In this paper, we illustrate the functioning of the framework, which can be used to calculate the energies for a model cluster of helium atoms. In addition, we present the capabilities of the framework that allow the user to vary the chemical identities of the simulated atoms. Program summaryProgram title: Hardware Accelerated Quantum Monte Carlo (HAQMC) Catalogue identifier: AEEP_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEEP_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 691 537 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 5 031 226 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C/C++ for the QMC application, VHDL and Xilinx 8.1 ISE/EDK tools for FPGA design and development Computer: Cray XD1 consisting of a dual-core, dualprocessor AMD Opteron 2.2 GHz with a Xilinx Virtex-4 (V4LX160) or Xilinx Virtex-II Pro (XC2VP50) FPGA per node. We use the compute node with the Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA Operating system: Red Hat Enterprise Linux OS Has the code been vectorised or parallelized?: Yes Classification: 6.1 Nature of problem: Quantum Monte Carlo is a practical method to solve the Schrödinger equation for large many-body systems and obtain the ground-state properties of such systems. This method involves the sampling of a number of configurations of atoms and averaging the properties of the configurations over a number of iterations. We are interested in applying the QMC method to obtain the energy and other properties of highly quantum clusters, such as inert gas clusters. Solution method: The proposed framework provides a combined hardware-software approach, in which the QMC simulation is performed on the host processor, with the computationally intensive functions such as energy and trial wave function computations mapped onto the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) logic device attached as a co-processor to the host processor. We perform the QMC simulation for a number of iterations as in the case of our original software QMC approach, to reduce the statistical uncertainty of the results. However, our proposed HAQMC framework accelerates each iteration of the simulation, by significantly reducing the time taken to calculate the ground-state properties of the configurations of atoms, thereby accelerating the overall QMC simulation. We provide a generic interpolation framework that can be extended to study a variety of pure and doped atomic clusters, irrespective of the chemical identities of the atoms. For the FPGA implementation of the properties, we use a two-region approach for accurately computing the properties over the entire domain, employ deep pipelines and fixed-point for all our calculations guaranteeing the accuracy required for our simulation.

Flight program language requirements. Volume 2: Requirements and evaluations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The efforts and results are summarized for a study to establish requirements for a flight programming language for future onboard computer applications. Several different languages were available as potential candidates for future NASA flight programming efforts. The study centered around an evaluation of the four most pertinent existing aerospace languages. Evaluation criteria were established, and selected kernels from the current Saturn 5 and Skylab flight programs were used as benchmark problems for sample coding. An independent review of the language specifications incorporated anticipated future programming requirements into the evaluation. A set of detailed language requirements was synthesized from these activities. The details of program language requirements and of the language evaluations are described.

Empirical Performance Model-Driven Data Layout Optimization and Library Call Selection for Tensor Contraction Expressions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu, Qingda; Gao, Xiaoyang; Krishnamoorthy, Sriram

Empirical optimizers like ATLAS have been very effective in optimizing computational kernels in libraries. The best choice of parameters such as tile size and degree of loop unrolling is determined by executing different versions of the computation. In contrast, optimizing compilers use a model-driven approach to program transformation. While the model-driven approach of optimizing compilers is generally orders of magnitude faster than ATLAS-like library generators, its effectiveness can be limited by the accuracy of the performance models used. In this paper, we describe an approach where a class of computations is modeled in terms of constituent operations that are empiricallymore » measured, thereby allowing modeling of the overall execution time. The performance model with empirically determined cost components is used to perform data layout optimization together with the selection of library calls and layout transformations in the context of the Tensor Contraction Engine, a compiler for a high-level domain-specific language for expressing computational models in quantum chemistry. The effectiveness of the approach is demonstrated through experimental measurements on representative computations from quantum chemistry.« less

First principles calculation of thermo-mechanical properties of thoria using Quantum ESPRESSO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malakkal, Linu; Szpunar, Barbara; Zuniga, Juan Carlos; Siripurapu, Ravi Kiran; Szpunar, Jerzy A.

2016-05-01

In this work, we have used Quantum ESPRESSO (QE), an open source first principles code, based on density-functional theory, plane waves, and pseudopotentials, along with quasi-harmonic approximation (QHA) to calculate the thermo-mechanical properties of thorium dioxide (ThO2). Using Python programming language, our group developed qe-nipy-advanced, an interface to QE, which can evaluate the structural and thermo-mechanical properties of materials. We predicted the phonon contribution to thermal conductivity (kL) using the Slack model. We performed the calculations within local density approximation (LDA) and generalized gradient approximation (GGA) with the recently proposed version for solids (PBEsol). We employed a Monkhorst-Pack 5 × 5 × 5 k-points mesh in reciprocal space with a plane wave cut-off energy of 150 Ry to obtain the convergence of the structure. We calculated the dynamical matrices of the lattice on a 4 × 4 × 4 mesh. We have predicted the heat capacity, thermal expansion and the phonon contribution to thermal conductivity, as a function of temperature up to 1400K, and compared them with the previous work and known experimental results.

Optimized multiple quantum MAS lineshape simulations in solid state NMR

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brouwer, William J.; Davis, Michael C.; Mueller, Karl T.

2009-10-01

The majority of nuclei available for study in solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance have half-integer spin I>1/2, with corresponding electric quadrupole moment. As such, they may couple with a surrounding electric field gradient. This effect introduces anisotropic line broadening to spectra, arising from distinct chemical species within polycrystalline solids. In Multiple Quantum Magic Angle Spinning (MQMAS) experiments, a second frequency dimension is created, devoid of quadrupolar anisotropy. As a result, the center of gravity of peaks in the high resolution dimension is a function of isotropic second order quadrupole and chemical shift alone. However, for complex materials, these parameters take on a stochastic nature due in turn to structural and chemical disorder. Lineshapes may still overlap in the isotropic dimension, complicating the task of assignment and interpretation. A distributed computational approach is presented here which permits simulation of the two-dimensional MQMAS spectrum, generated by random variates from model distributions of isotropic chemical and quadrupole shifts. Owing to the non-convex nature of the residual sum of squares (RSS) function between experimental and simulated spectra, simulated annealing is used to optimize the simulation parameters. In this manner, local chemical environments for disordered materials may be characterized, and via a re-sampling approach, error estimates for parameters produced. Program summaryProgram title: mqmasOPT Catalogue identifier: AEEC_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEEC_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3650 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 73 853 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C, OCTAVE Computer: UNIX/Linux Operating system: UNIX/Linux Has the code been vectorised or parallelized?: Yes RAM: Example: (1597 powder angles) × (200 Samples) × (81 F2 frequency pts) × (31 F1 frequency points) = 3.5M, SMP AMD opteron Classification: 2.3 External routines: OCTAVE ( http://www.gnu.org/software/octave/), GNU Scientific Library ( http://www.gnu.org/software/gsl/), OPENMP ( http://openmp.org/wp/) Nature of problem: The optimal simulation and modeling of multiple quantum magic angle spinning NMR spectra, for general systems, especially those with mild to significant disorder. The approach outlined and implemented in C and OCTAVE also produces model parameter error estimates. Solution method: A model for each distinct chemical site is first proposed, for the individual contribution of crystallite orientations to the spectrum. This model is averaged over all powder angles [1], as well as the (stochastic) parameters; isotropic chemical shift and quadrupole coupling constant. The latter is accomplished via sampling from a bi-variate Gaussian distribution, using the Box-Muller algorithm to transform Sobol (quasi) random numbers [2]. A simulated annealing optimization is performed, and finally the non-linear jackknife [3] is applied in developing model parameter error estimates. Additional comments: The distribution contains a script, mqmasOpt.m, which runs in the OCTAVE language workspace. Running time: Example: (1597 powder angles) × (200 Samples) × (81 F2 frequency pts) × (31 F1 frequency points) = 58.35 seconds, SMP AMD opteron. References:S.K. Zaremba, Annali di Matematica Pura ed Applicata 73 (1966) 293. H. Niederreiter, Random Number Generation and Quasi-Monte Carlo Methods, SIAM, 1992. T. Fox, D. Hinkley, K. Larntz, Technometrics 22 (1980) 29.

Quantum Gauss-Jordan Elimination and Simulation of Accounting Principles on Quantum Computers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Diep, Do Ngoc; Giang, Do Hoang; Van Minh, Nguyen

2017-06-01

The paper is devoted to a version of Quantum Gauss-Jordan Elimination and its applications. In the first part, we construct the Quantum Gauss-Jordan Elimination (QGJE) Algorithm and estimate the complexity of computation of Reduced Row Echelon Form (RREF) of N × N matrices. The main result asserts that QGJE has computation time is of order 2 N/2. The second part is devoted to a new idea of simulation of accounting by quantum computing. We first expose the actual accounting principles in a pure mathematics language. Then, we simulate the accounting principles on quantum computers. We show that, all accounting actions are exhousted by the described basic actions. The main problems of accounting are reduced to some system of linear equations in the economic model of Leontief. In this simulation, we use our constructed Quantum Gauss-Jordan Elimination to solve the problems and the complexity of quantum computing is a square root order faster than the complexity in classical computing.

Learning through an Aboriginal Language: The Impact on Students' English and Aboriginal Language Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Usborne, Esther; Peck, Josephine; Smith, Donna-Lee; Taylor, Donald M.

2011-01-01

Aboriginal communities across Canada are implementing Aboriginal language programs in their schools. In the present research, we explore the impact of learning through an Aboriginal language on students' English and Aboriginal language skills by contrasting a Mi'kmaq language immersion program with a Mi'kmaq as a second language program. The…

A brief description and comparison of programming languages FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, PL/1, and LISP 1.5 from a critical standpoint

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathur, F. P.

1972-01-01

Several common higher level program languages are described. FORTRAN, ALGOL, COBOL, PL/1, and LISP 1.5 are summarized and compared. FORTRAN is the most widely used scientific programming language. ALGOL is a more powerful language for scientific programming. COBOL is used for most commercial programming applications. LISP 1.5 is primarily a list-processing language. PL/1 attempts to combine the desirable features of FORTRAN, ALGOL, and COBOL into a single language.

Non Locality Proofs in Quantum Mechanics Analyzed by Ordinary Mathematical Logic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nisticò, Giuseppe

2014-10-01

The so-called non-locality theorems aim to show that Quantum Mechanics is not consistent with the Locality Principle. Their proofs require, besides the standard postulates of Quantum Theory, further conditions, as for instance the Criterion of Reality, which cannot be formulated in the language of Standard Quantum Theory; this difficulty makes the proofs not verifiable according to usual logico-mathematical methods, and therefore it is a source of the controversial debate about the real implications of these theorems. The present work addresses this difficulty for Bell-type and Stapp's arguments of non-locality. We supplement the formalism of Quantum Mechanics with formal statements inferred from the further conditions in the two different cases. Then an analysis of the two arguments is performed according to ordinary mathematical logic.

Abstract quantum computing machines and quantum computational logics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chiara, Maria Luisa Dalla; Giuntini, Roberto; Sergioli, Giuseppe; Leporini, Roberto

2016-06-01

Classical and quantum parallelism are deeply different, although it is sometimes claimed that quantum Turing machines are nothing but special examples of classical probabilistic machines. We introduce the concepts of deterministic state machine, classical probabilistic state machine and quantum state machine. On this basis, we discuss the question: To what extent can quantum state machines be simulated by classical probabilistic state machines? Each state machine is devoted to a single task determined by its program. Real computers, however, behave differently, being able to solve different kinds of problems. This capacity can be modeled, in the quantum case, by the mathematical notion of abstract quantum computing machine, whose different programs determine different quantum state machines. The computations of abstract quantum computing machines can be linguistically described by the formulas of a particular form of quantum logic, termed quantum computational logic.

Flight program language requirements. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

The activities and results of a study for the definition of flight program language requirements are described. A set of detailed requirements are presented for a language capable of supporting onboard application programming for the Marshall Space Flight Center's anticipated future activities in the decade of 1975-85. These requirements are based, in part, on the evaluation of existing flight programming language designs to determine the applicability of these designs to flight programming activities which are anticipated. The coding of benchmark problems in the selected programming languages is discussed. These benchmarks are in the form of program kernels selected from existing flight programs. This approach was taken to insure that the results of the study would reflect state of the art language capabilities, as well as to determine whether an existing language design should be selected for adaptation.

25 CFR 39.130 - Can ISEF funds be used for Language Development Programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.130 Can ISEF funds be used for Language Development Programs? Yes, schools can use ISEF funds to... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Can ISEF funds be used for Language Development Programs...

25 CFR 39.130 - Can ISEF funds be used for Language Development Programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Can ISEF funds be used for Language Development Programs... INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.130 Can ISEF funds be used for Language Development Programs? Yes, schools can use ISEF funds to...

C++ Programming Language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shaykhian, Gholam Ali

2007-01-01

C++ Programming Language: The C++ seminar covers the fundamentals of C++ programming language. The C++ fundamentals are grouped into three parts where each part includes both concept and programming examples aimed at for hands-on practice. The first part covers the functional aspect of C++ programming language with emphasis on function parameters and efficient memory utilization. The second part covers the essential framework of C++ programming language, the object-oriented aspects. Information necessary to evaluate various features of object-oriented programming; including encapsulation, polymorphism and inheritance will be discussed. The last part of the seminar covers template and generic programming. Examples include both user defined and standard templates.

QuTiP 2: A Python framework for the dynamics of open quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johansson, J. R.; Nation, P. D.; Nori, Franco

2013-04-01

We present version 2 of QuTiP, the Quantum Toolbox in Python. Compared to the preceding version [J.R. Johansson, P.D. Nation, F. Nori, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1760.], we have introduced numerous new features, enhanced performance, and made changes in the Application Programming Interface (API) for improved functionality and consistency within the package, as well as increased compatibility with existing conventions used in other scientific software packages for Python. The most significant new features include efficient solvers for arbitrary time-dependent Hamiltonians and collapse operators, support for the Floquet formalism, and new solvers for Bloch-Redfield and Floquet-Markov master equations. Here we introduce these new features, demonstrate their use, and give a summary of the important backward-incompatible API changes introduced in this version. Catalog identifier: AEMB_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMB_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License, version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 33625 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 410064 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python. Computer: i386, x86-64. Operating system: Linux, Mac OSX. RAM: 2+ Gigabytes Classification: 7. External routines: NumPy, SciPy, Matplotlib, Cython Catalog identifier of previous version: AEMB_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 183 (2012) 1760 Does the new version supercede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: Dynamics of open quantum systems Solution method: Numerical solutions to Lindblad, Floquet-Markov, and Bloch-Redfield master equations, as well as the Monte Carlo wave function method. Reasons for new version: Compared to the preceding version we have introduced numerous new features, enhanced performance, and made changes in the Application Programming Interface (API) for improved functionality and consistency within the package, as well as increased compatibility with existing conventions used in other scientific software packages for Python. The most significant new features include efficient solvers for arbitrary time-dependent Hamiltonians and collapse operators, support for the Floquet formalism, and new solvers for Bloch-Redfield and Floquet-Markov master equations. Restrictions: Problems must meet the criteria for using the master equation in Lindblad, Floquet-Markov, or Bloch-Redfield form. Running time: A few seconds up to several tens of hours, depending on size of the underlying Hilbert space.

The Trajectory of Language Policy: The First Language Maintenance and Development Program in South Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liddicoat, Anthony J.; Curnow, Timothy Jowan; Scarino, Angela

2016-01-01

This paper examines the development of the First Language Maintenance and Development (FLMD) program in South Australia. This program is the main language policy activity that specifically focuses on language maintenance in government primary schools and has existed since 1986. During this time, the program has evolved largely as the result of ad…

A Logical Analysis of Quantum Voting Protocols

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rad, Soroush Rafiee; Shirinkalam, Elahe; Smets, Sonja

2017-12-01

In this paper we provide a logical analysis of the Quantum Voting Protocol for Anonymous Surveying as developed by Horoshko and Kilin in (Phys. Lett. A 375, 1172-1175 2011). In particular we make use of the probabilistic logic of quantum programs as developed in (Int. J. Theor. Phys. 53, 3628-3647 2014) to provide a formal specification of the protocol and to derive its correctness. Our analysis is part of a wider program on the application of quantum logics to the formal verification of protocols in quantum communication and quantum computation.

Conceptual Foundations of Quantum Mechanics:. the Role of Evidence Theory, Quantum Sets, and Modal Logic

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Resconi, Germano; Klir, George J.; Pessa, Eliano

Recognizing that syntactic and semantic structures of classical logic are not sufficient to understand the meaning of quantum phenomena, we propose in this paper a new interpretation of quantum mechanics based on evidence theory. The connection between these two theories is obtained through a new language, quantum set theory, built on a suggestion by J. Bell. Further, we give a modal logic interpretation of quantum mechanics and quantum set theory by using Kripke's semantics of modal logic based on the concept of possible worlds. This is grounded on previous work of a number of researchers (Resconi, Klir, Harmanec) who showed how to represent evidence theory and other uncertainty theories in terms of modal logic. Moreover, we also propose a reformulation of the many-worlds interpretation of quantum mechanics in terms of Kripke's semantics. We thus show how three different theories — quantum mechanics, evidence theory, and modal logic — are interrelated. This opens, on one hand, the way to new applications of quantum mechanics within domains different from the traditional ones, and, on the other hand, the possibility of building new generalizations of quantum mechanics itself.

Seaworthy Quantum Key Distribution Design and Validation (SEAKEY)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-27

Address: 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA 02138 Title of the Project: Seaworthy Quantum Key Distribution Design and Validation (SEAKEY...Technologies Kathryn Carson Program Manager Quantum Information Processing Report Documentation Page Form ApprovedOMB No. 0704-0188 Public...2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Seaworthy Quantum Key Distribution Design and Validation (SEAKEY) 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM

Spanish-language community-based mental health treatment programs, policy-required language-assistance programming, and mental health treatment access among Spanish-speaking clients.

PubMed

Snowden, Lonnie R; McClellan, Sean R

2013-09-01

We investigated the extent to which implementing language assistance programming through contracting with community-based organizations improved the accessibility of mental health care under Medi-Cal (California's Medicaid program) for Spanish-speaking persons with limited English proficiency, and whether it reduced language-based treatment access disparities. Using a time series nonequivalent control group design, we studied county-level penetration of language assistance programming over 10 years (1997-2006) for Spanish-speaking persons with limited English proficiency covered under Medi-Cal. We used linear regression with county fixed effects to control for ongoing trends and other influences. When county mental health plans contracted with community-based organizations, those implementing language assistance programming increased penetration rates of Spanish-language mental health services under Medi-Cal more than other plans (0.28 percentage points, a 25% increase on average; P < .05). However, the increase was insufficient to significantly reduce language-related disparities. Mental health treatment programs operated by community-based organizations may have moderately improved access after implementing required language assistance programming, but the programming did not reduce entrenched disparities in the accessibility of mental health services.

Spanish-Language Community-Based Mental Health Treatment Programs, Policy-Required Language-Assistance Programming, and Mental Health Treatment Access Among Spanish-Speaking Clients

PubMed Central

McClellan, Sean R.

2013-01-01

Objectives. We investigated the extent to which implementing language assistance programming through contracting with community-based organizations improved the accessibility of mental health care under Medi-Cal (California’s Medicaid program) for Spanish-speaking persons with limited English proficiency, and whether it reduced language-based treatment access disparities. Methods. Using a time series nonequivalent control group design, we studied county-level penetration of language assistance programming over 10 years (1997–2006) for Spanish-speaking persons with limited English proficiency covered under Medi-Cal. We used linear regression with county fixed effects to control for ongoing trends and other influences. Results. When county mental health plans contracted with community-based organizations, those implementing language assistance programming increased penetration rates of Spanish-language mental health services under Medi-Cal more than other plans (0.28 percentage points, a 25% increase on average; P < .05). However, the increase was insufficient to significantly reduce language-related disparities. Conclusions. Mental health treatment programs operated by community-based organizations may have moderately improved access after implementing required language assistance programming, but the programming did not reduce entrenched disparities in the accessibility of mental health services. PMID:23865663

Quantum steering: a review with focus on semidefinite programming.

PubMed

Cavalcanti, D; Skrzypczyk, P

2017-02-01

Quantum steering refers to the non-classical correlations that can be observed between the outcomes of measurements applied on half of an entangled state and the resulting post-measured states that are left with the other party. From an operational point of view, a steering test can be seen as an entanglement test where one of the parties performs uncharacterised measurements. Thus, quantum steering is a form of quantum inseparability that lies in between the well-known notions of Bell nonlocality and entanglement. Moreover, quantum steering is also related to several asymmetric quantum information protocols where some of the parties are considered untrusted. Because of these facts, quantum steering has received a lot of attention both theoretically and experimentally. The main goal of this review is to give an overview of how to characterise quantum steering through semidefinite programming. This characterisation provides efficient numerical methods to address a number of problems, including steering detection, quantification, and applications. We also give a brief overview of some important results that are not directly related to semidefinite programming. Finally, we make available a collection of semidefinite programming codes that can be used to study the topics discussed in this article.

Nociones de la programacion de lenguas extranjeras (Ensayo metodologico) (Programming Foreign Languages [A Methodological Study])

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldman, David

1975-01-01

Stresses the importance of language laboratories and other technical devices used in foreign language teaching, particularly in programed language instruction. Illustrates, by means of taxonomies, the various stages a foreign language learning program should follow. (Text is in Spanish.) (DS)

Innovative quantum technologies for microgravity fundamental physics and biological research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kierk, I. K.

2002-01-01

This paper presents a new technology program, within the fundamental physics, focusing on four quantum technology areas: quantum atomics, quantum optics, space superconductivity and quantum sensor technology, and quantum field based sensor and modeling technology.

Alloy Design Workbench-Surface Modeling Package Developed

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Abel, Phillip B.; Noebe, Ronald D.; Bozzolo, Guillermo H.; Good, Brian S.; Daugherty, Elaine S.

2003-01-01

NASA Glenn Research Center's Computational Materials Group has integrated a graphical user interface with in-house-developed surface modeling capabilities, with the goal of using computationally efficient atomistic simulations to aid the development of advanced aerospace materials, through the modeling of alloy surfaces, surface alloys, and segregation. The software is also ideal for modeling nanomaterials, since surface and interfacial effects can dominate material behavior and properties at this level. Through the combination of an accurate atomistic surface modeling methodology and an efficient computational engine, it is now possible to directly model these types of surface phenomenon and metallic nanostructures without a supercomputer. Fulfilling a High Operating Temperature Propulsion Components (HOTPC) project level-I milestone, a graphical user interface was created for a suite of quantum approximate atomistic materials modeling Fortran programs developed at Glenn. The resulting "Alloy Design Workbench-Surface Modeling Package" (ADW-SMP) is the combination of proven quantum approximate Bozzolo-Ferrante-Smith (BFS) algorithms (refs. 1 and 2) with a productivity-enhancing graphical front end. Written in the portable, platform independent Java programming language, the graphical user interface calls on extensively tested Fortran programs running in the background for the detailed computational tasks. Designed to run on desktop computers, the package has been deployed on PC, Mac, and SGI computer systems. The graphical user interface integrates two modes of computational materials exploration. One mode uses Monte Carlo simulations to determine lowest energy equilibrium configurations. The second approach is an interactive "what if" comparison of atomic configuration energies, designed to provide real-time insight into the underlying drivers of alloying processes.

Bulk locality and quantum error correction in AdS/CFT

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Almheiri, Ahmed; Dong, Xi; Harlow, Daniel

2015-04-01

We point out a connection between the emergence of bulk locality in AdS/CFT and the theory of quantum error correction. Bulk notions such as Bogoliubov transformations, location in the radial direction, and the holographic entropy bound all have natural CFT interpretations in the language of quantum error correction. We also show that the question of whether bulk operator reconstruction works only in the causal wedge or all the way to the extremal surface is related to the question of whether or not the quantum error correcting code realized by AdS/CFT is also a "quantum secret sharing scheme", and suggest a tensor network calculation that may settle the issue. Interestingly, the version of quantum error correction which is best suited to our analysis is the somewhat nonstandard "operator algebra quantum error correction" of Beny, Kempf, and Kribs. Our proposal gives a precise formulation of the idea of "subregion-subregion" duality in AdS/CFT, and clarifies the limits of its validity.

Quantum Experiments and Graphs: Multiparty States as Coherent Superpositions of Perfect Matchings.

PubMed

Krenn, Mario; Gu, Xuemei; Zeilinger, Anton

2017-12-15

We show a surprising link between experimental setups to realize high-dimensional multipartite quantum states and graph theory. In these setups, the paths of photons are identified such that the photon-source information is never created. We find that each of these setups corresponds to an undirected graph, and every undirected graph corresponds to an experimental setup. Every term in the emerging quantum superposition corresponds to a perfect matching in the graph. Calculating the final quantum state is in the #P-complete complexity class, thus it cannot be done efficiently. To strengthen the link further, theorems from graph theory-such as Hall's marriage problem-are rephrased in the language of pair creation in quantum experiments. We show explicitly how this link allows one to answer questions about quantum experiments (such as which classes of entangled states can be created) with graph theoretical methods, and how to potentially simulate properties of graphs and networks with quantum experiments (such as critical exponents and phase transitions).

A cellular automaton for the signed particle formulation of quantum mechanics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sellier, J. M.; Kapanova, K. G.; Dimov, I.

2017-02-01

Recently, a new formulation of quantum mechanics, based on the concept of signed particles, has been suggested. In this paper, we introduce a cellular automaton which mimics the dynamics of quantum objects in the phase-space in a time-dependent fashion. This is twofold: it provides a simplified and accessible language to non-physicists who wants to simulate quantum mechanical systems, at the same time it enables a different way to explore the laws of Physics. Moreover, it opens the way towards hybrid simulations of quantum systems by combining full quantum models with cellular automata when the former fail. In order to show the validity of the suggested cellular automaton and its combination with the signed particle formalism, several numerical experiments are performed, showing very promising results. Being this article a preliminary study on quantum simulations in phase-space by means of cellular automata, some conclusions are drawn about the encouraging results obtained so far and the possible future developments.

Quantum Experiments and Graphs: Multiparty States as Coherent Superpositions of Perfect Matchings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krenn, Mario; Gu, Xuemei; Zeilinger, Anton

2017-12-01

We show a surprising link between experimental setups to realize high-dimensional multipartite quantum states and graph theory. In these setups, the paths of photons are identified such that the photon-source information is never created. We find that each of these setups corresponds to an undirected graph, and every undirected graph corresponds to an experimental setup. Every term in the emerging quantum superposition corresponds to a perfect matching in the graph. Calculating the final quantum state is in the #P-complete complexity class, thus it cannot be done efficiently. To strengthen the link further, theorems from graph theory—such as Hall's marriage problem—are rephrased in the language of pair creation in quantum experiments. We show explicitly how this link allows one to answer questions about quantum experiments (such as which classes of entangled states can be created) with graph theoretical methods, and how to potentially simulate properties of graphs and networks with quantum experiments (such as critical exponents and phase transitions).

An IBM 370 assembly language program verifier

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maurer, W. D.

1977-01-01

The paper describes a program written in SNOBOL which verifies the correctness of programs written in assembly language for the IBM 360 and 370 series of computers. The motivation for using assembly language as a source language for a program verifier was the realization that many errors in programs are caused by misunderstanding or ignorance of the characteristics of specific computers. The proof of correctness of a program written in assembly language must take these characteristics into account. The program has been compiled and is currently running at the Center for Academic and Administrative Computing of The George Washington University.

Further Evidence in Support of the Universal Nilpotent Grammatical Computational Paradigm of Quantum Physics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marcer, Peter J.; Rowlands, Peter

2010-12-22

Further evidence is presented in favour of the computational paradigm, conceived and constructed by Rowlands and Diaz, as detailed in Rowlands' book Zero to Infinity (2007), and in particular the authors' paper 'The Grammatical Universe: the Laws of Thermodynamics and Quantum Entanglement'. The paradigm, which has isomorphic group and algebraic quantum mechanical language interpretations, not only predicts the well-established facts of quantum physics, the periodic table, chemistry / valence and of molecular biology, whose understanding it extends; it also provides an elegant, simple solution to the unresolved quantum measurement problem. In this fundamental paradigm, all the computational constructs / predictionsmore » that emerge, follow from the simple fact, that, as in quantum mechanics, the wave function is defined only up to an arbitrary fixed phase. This fixed phase provides a simple physical understanding of the quantum vacuum in quantum field theory, where only relative phases, known to be able to encode 3+1 relativistic space-time geometries, can be measured. It is the arbitrary fixed measurement standard, against which everything that follows is to be measured, even though the standard itself cannot be, since nothing exists against which to measure it. The standard, as an arbitrary fixed reference phase, functions as the holographic basis for a self-organized universal quantum process of emergent novel fermion states of matter where, following each emergence, the arbitrary standard is re-fixed anew so as to provide a complete history / holographic record or hologram of the current fixed past, advancing an unending irreversible evolution, such as is the evidence of our senses. The fermion states, in accord with the Pauli exclusion principle, each correspond to a unique nilpotent symbol in the infinite alphabet (which specifies the grammar in this nilpotent universal computational rewrite system (NUCRS) paradigm); and the alphabet, as Hill and Rowlands hypothesize on substantial evidence [26], includes that of the RNA / DNA genetic code and, as holographic phase encodings / holograms, the 4D geometries of all living systems as self-organised grammatical computational rewrite machines / machinery. Human brains, natural grammatical (written symbol) languages, 4D geometric self-awareness and a totally new emergent property of matter, human consciousness, can thus with some measure of confidence be postulated as further genetic consequences which follow from this self-organizing fundamental rewrite NUCRS construction. For it, like natural language, possesses a semantics and not just a syntax, where the initial symbol, i.e. the arbitrary fixed phase measurement standard, is able to function as the template for the blueprints of the emergent 4D relativistic real and virtual geometries to come, in a 'from the Self Creation to the creation of the human self' computational rewrite process evolution.« less

Further Evidence in Support of the Universal Nilpotent Grammatical Computational Paradigm of Quantum Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marcer, Peter J.; Rowlands, Peter

2010-12-01

Further evidence is presented in favour of the computational paradigm, conceived and constructed by Rowlands and Diaz, as detailed in Rowlands' book Zero to Infinity (2007) [2], and in particular the authors' paper `The Grammatical Universe: the Laws of Thermodynamics and Quantum Entanglement' [1]. The paradigm, which has isomorphic group and algebraic quantum mechanical language interpretations, not only predicts the well-established facts of quantum physics, the periodic table, chemistry / valence and of molecular biology, whose understanding it extends; it also provides an elegant, simple solution to the unresolved quantum measurement problem. In this fundamental paradigm, all the computational constructs / predictions that emerge, follow from the simple fact, that, as in quantum mechanics, the wave function is defined only up to an arbitrary fixed phase. This fixed phase provides a simple physical understanding of the quantum vacuum in quantum field theory, where only relative phases, known to be able to encode 3+1 relativistic space-time geometries, can be measured. It is the arbitrary fixed measurement standard, against which everything that follows is to be measured, even though the standard itself cannot be, since nothing exists against which to measure it. The standard, as an arbitrary fixed reference phase, functions as the holographic basis for a self-organized universal quantum process of emergent novel fermion states of matter where, following each emergence, the arbitrary standard is re-fixed anew so as to provide a complete history / holographic record or hologram of the current fixed past, advancing an unending irreversible evolution, such as is the evidence of our senses. The fermion states, in accord with the Pauli exclusion principle, each correspond to a unique nilpotent symbol in the infinite alphabet (which specifies the grammar in this nilpotent universal computational rewrite system (NUCRS) paradigm); and the alphabet, as Hill and Rowlands hypothesize on substantial evidence [26], includes that of the RNA / DNA genetic code and, as holographic phase encodings / holograms, the 4D geometries of all living systems as self-organised grammatical computational rewrite machines / machinery. Human brains, natural grammatical (written symbol) languages, 4D geometric self-awareness and a totally new emergent property of matter, human consciousness, can thus with some measure of confidence be postulated as further genetic consequences which follow from this self-organizing fundamental rewrite NUCRS construction. For it, like natural language, possesses a semantics and not just a syntax, where the initial symbol, i.e. the arbitrary fixed phase measurement standard, is able to function as the template for the blueprints of the emergent 4D relativistic real and virtual geometries to come, in a `from the Self Creation to the creation of the human self' computational rewrite process evolution.

Educator Language Ideologies and a Top-Down Dual Language Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzsimmons-Doolan, Shannon; Palmer, Deborah; Henderson, Kathryn

2017-01-01

Dual language bilingual education (DLBE) programs are framed to reflect pluralist discourses (de Jong, E. [2013]. "Policy Discourses and U.S. Language in Education Policies." "Peabody Journal of Education" 88 (1): 98-111) and affiliated language ideologies. The continued expansion of DLBE programs not surprisingly brings to…

Teaching Adaptability of Object-Oriented Programming Language Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhu, Xiao-dong

2012-01-01

The evolution of object-oriented programming languages includes update of their own versions, update of development environments, and reform of new languages upon old languages. In this paper, the evolution analysis of object-oriented programming languages is presented in term of the characters and development. The notion of adaptive teaching upon…

Innovative Second Language Education: Bilingual Immersion Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snow, Marguerite Ann

Bilingual immersion programs combine second language immersion for language majority children and bilingual education for language minority children. The programs are based on the underlying assumption of the immersion model: that a second language is best learned as a medium of instruction, not as the object of instruction. However, they are not…

The BASIC Instructional Program: Conversion into MAINSAIL Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dageforde, Mary L.

This report summarizes the rewriting of the BASIC Instructional Program (BIP) (a "hands-on laboratory" that teaches elementary programming in the BASIC language) from SAIL (a programming language available only on PDP-10 computers) into MAINSAIL (a language designed for portability on a broad class of computers). Four sections contain…

NATAL-74; Towards a Common Programming Language for CAL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brahan, J. W.; Colpitts, B. A.

NATAL-74 is a programing language designed for Canadian computer aided learning (CAL) programs. The language has two fundamental elements: the UNIT provides the interface between the student and the subject matter, and the PROCEDURE element embodies teaching strategy. Desirable features of several programing languages have been adapted to cope…

A high level language for a high performance computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perrott, R. H.

1978-01-01

The proposed computational aerodynamic facility will join the ranks of the supercomputers due to its architecture and increased execution speed. At present, the languages used to program these supercomputers have been modifications of programming languages which were designed many years ago for sequential machines. A new programming language should be developed based on the techniques which have proved valuable for sequential programming languages and incorporating the algorithmic techniques required for these supercomputers. The design objectives for such a language are outlined.

The Role of Quantum Decoherence in FRET.

PubMed

Nelson, Philip C

2018-02-16

Resonance energy transfer has become an indispensable experimental tool for single-molecule and single-cell biophysics. Its physical underpinnings, however, are subtle: it involves a discrete jump of excitation from one molecule to another, and so we regard it as a strongly quantum-mechanical process. And yet its kinetics differ from what many of us were taught about two-state quantum systems, quantum superpositions of the states do not seem to arise, and so on. Although J. R. Oppenheimer and T. Förster navigated these subtleties successfully, it remains hard to find an elementary derivation in modern language. The key step involves acknowledging quantum decoherence. Appreciating that aspect can be helpful when we attempt to extend our understanding to situations in which Förster's original analysis is not applicable. Copyright © 2018 Biophysical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ordering relations for quantum states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Durham, Ian

2015-03-01

It is often desirable to model physical states in an order-theoretic manner, e.g. as a partially ordered set. Classical states are known to possess a unique ordering relation corresponding to a neo-realist interpretation of these states. No such unique relation exists for quantum states. This lack of a unique ordering relation for quantum states turns out to be a manifestation of quantum contextuality vis-à-vis the Kochen-Specker theorem. It also turns out that this provides a link to certain large-scale thermodynamic processes. The suggestion that the ordering of quantum states leads to macroscopic thermodynamic processes is at least five decades old. The suggestion that the mechanism that drives the ordering is contextuality, is unique to this work. The argument is framed in the language of the theories of domains, categories, and topoi. Financial support provided by FQXi.

Designing, programming, and optimizing a (small) quantum computer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Svore, Krysta

In 1982, Richard Feynman proposed to use a computer founded on the laws of quantum physics to simulate physical systems. In the more than thirty years since, quantum computers have shown promise to solve problems in number theory, chemistry, and materials science that would otherwise take longer than the lifetime of the universe to solve on an exascale classical machine. The practical realization of a quantum computer requires understanding and manipulating subtle quantum states while experimentally controlling quantum interference. It also requires an end-to-end software architecture for programming, optimizing, and implementing a quantum algorithm on the quantum device hardware. In this talk, we will introduce recent advances in connecting abstract theory to present-day real-world applications through software. We will highlight recent advancement of quantum algorithms and the challenges in ultimately performing a scalable solution on a quantum device.

Novel symmetries in an interacting 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetric quantum mechanical model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishna, S.; Shukla, D.; Malik, R. P.

2016-07-01

In this paper, we demonstrate the existence of a set of novel discrete symmetry transformations in the case of an interacting 𝒩 = 2 supersymmetric quantum mechanical model of a system of an electron moving on a sphere in the background of a magnetic monopole and establish its interpretation in the language of differential geometry. These discrete symmetries are, over and above, the usual three continuous symmetries of the theory which together provide the physical realizations of the de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry. We derive the nilpotent 𝒩 = 2 SUSY transformations by exploiting our idea of supervariable approach and provide geometrical meaning to these transformations in the language of Grassmannian translational generators on a (1, 2)-dimensional supermanifold on which our 𝒩 = 2 SUSY quantum mechanical model is generalized. We express the conserved supercharges and the invariance of the Lagrangian in terms of the supervariables (obtained after the imposition of the SUSY invariant restrictions) and provide the geometrical meaning to (i) the nilpotency property of the 𝒩 = 2 supercharges, and (ii) the SUSY invariance of the Lagrangian of our 𝒩 = 2 SUSY theory.

Survey of Speech-Language Pathology Graduate Program Training in Outer and Middle Ear Screening.

PubMed

Serpanos, Yula C; Senzer, Deborah

2015-08-01

The purpose of this study was to determine the national training practices of speech-language pathology graduate programs in outer and middle ear screening. Directors of all American Speech-Language-Hearing Association-accredited speech-language pathology graduate programs (N = 254; Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology, 2013) were surveyed on instructional formats in outer and middle ear screening. The graduate speech-language pathology program survey yielded 84 (33.1%) responses. Results indicated that some programs do not provide any training in the areas of conventional screening otoscopy using a handheld otoscope (15.5%; n = 13) or screening tympanometry (11.9%; n = 10), whereas close to one half (46.4%; n = 39) reported no training in screening video otoscopy. Outcomes revealed that approximately one third or more of speech-language pathology graduate programs do not provide experiential opportunities in screening handheld otoscopy (36.9%) or tympanometry (32.1%), and most (78.6%) do not provide experiential opportunities in video otoscopy. The implication from the graduate speech-language pathology program survey findings is that some speech-language pathologists will graduate from academic programs without the acquired knowledge or experiential learning required to establish skill in 1 or more areas of screening otoscopy and tympanometry. Graduate speech-language pathology programs should consider appropriate training opportunities for students to acquire and demonstrate skill in outer and middle ear screening.

Investigating Principals' Knowledge and Perceptions of Second Language Programs for English Language Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Padron, Yolanda N.; Waxman, Hersh C.

2016-01-01

This study examined principals' knowledge and perceptions of second language programs for English language learners (ELLs) operating in their schools. An open-ended survey and in-depth interviews were used to examine elementary school principals' knowledge of the second language programs implemented at their schools. The survey asked principals…

Teachers' Perspectives on Academic Achievement and Educational Growth of U.S.-Born Hispanic Students in a Midwestern Spanish Language Immersion Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salgado, Herlinda Arlene Galve

2016-01-01

Elementary Spanish language immersion programs have become more popular in the educational field in the United States to support the academic achievement of minority students. The final goal of immersion programs is to develop proficiency in the home language and dominant language, identified as first language (L1) and second language (L2), to…

Python to learn programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogdanchikov, A.; Zhaparov, M.; Suliyev, R.

2013-04-01

Today we have a lot of programming languages that can realize our needs, but the most important question is how to teach programming to beginner students. In this paper we suggest using Python for this purpose, because it is a programming language that has neatly organized syntax and powerful tools to solve any task. Moreover it is very close to simple math thinking. Python is chosen as a primary programming language for freshmen in most of leading universities. Writing code in python is easy. In this paper we give some examples of program codes written in Java, C++ and Python language, and we make a comparison between them. Firstly, this paper proposes advantages of Python language in relation to C++ and JAVA. Then it shows the results of a comparison of short program codes written in three different languages, followed by a discussion on how students understand programming. Finally experimental results of students' success in programming courses are shown.

Usability Issues in the Design of Novice Programming Systems,

DTIC Science & Technology

1996-08-01

lists this as a design principle for novice programming environments. In traditional compiled languages, beginners are also confused by the need to...programming task external knowledge that might interfere with correct under- standing of the language. Most beginner programming errors can be...language for text editing, but [Curtis 1988] found that a textual pseudocode and graphical flowcharts were both bet- ter than natural language in program

Programming Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tesler, Lawrence G.

1984-01-01

Discusses the nature of programing languages, considering the features of BASIC, LOGO, PASCAL, COBOL, FORTH, APL, and LISP. Also discusses machine/assembly codes, the operation of a compiler, and trends in the evolution of programing languages (including interest in notational systems called object-oriented languages). (JN)

A Common Programming Language for the Department of Defense--Background and Technical Requirements

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-06-01

Method Findings I. Introduction A. The Problem 1. Software Costs 2. Programming Language 3. Lack of Comrr.onality 4. Common Language 5...accessible soft- ware tools and aids. There are a number of widely held perceptions about the ill effects of the lack of programming language ...cost- effective (at lea~t during development) than de- velopi~g a new programming language specialized to the project. On the other hand,

What Is a Programming Language?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wold, Allen

1983-01-01

Explains what a computer programing language is in general, the differences between machine language, assembler languages, and high-level languages, and the functions of compilers and interpreters. High-level languages mentioned in the article are: BASIC, FORTRAN, COBOL, PILOT, LOGO, LISP, and SMALLTALK. (EAO)

Total Immersion Language Program: A New Approach to Foreign Language Instruction. Technical Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morel, Stefano

A three-year experimental program established in 1966 in Spanish language instruction at the secondary level is reported in this study. Students at Commack High School North, New York, participated in a total immersion language program in Spanish, taking two to four classes of instruction in the target language per day. Classes included regular…

34 CFR 658.4 - What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... International Studies and Foreign Language Program? 658.4 Section 658.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of... UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.4 What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program? The definitions in 34 CFR 655.4 apply to this...

34 CFR 658.4 - What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... International Studies and Foreign Language Program? 658.4 Section 658.4 Education Regulations of the Offices of... UNDERGRADUATE INTERNATIONAL STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM General § 658.4 What definitions apply to the Undergraduate International Studies and Foreign Language Program? The definitions in 34 CFR 655.4 apply to this...

Students' Perspective on the First Programming Language: C-Like or Pascal-Like Languages?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Xinogalos, Stelios; Pitner, Tomáš; Ivanovic, Mirjana; Savic, Miloš

2018-01-01

The choice of the first programming language (FPL) has been a controversial issue for several decades. Nearly everyone agrees that the FPL is important and affects students' subsequent education on programming. The study presented in this article investigates the suitability of various C-like and Pascal-like programming languages as a FPL.…

HAL/SM language specification. [programming languages and computer programming for space shuttles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Williams, G. P. W., Jr.; Ross, C.

1975-01-01

A programming language is presented for the flight software of the NASA Space Shuttle program. It is intended to satisfy virtually all of the flight software requirements of the space shuttle. To achieve this, it incorporates a wide range of features, including applications-oriented data types and organizations, real time control mechanisms, and constructs for systems programming tasks. It is a higher order language designed to allow programmers, analysts, and engineers to communicate with the computer in a form approximating natural mathematical expression. Parts of the English language are combined with standard notation to provide a tool that readily encourages programming without demanding computer hardware expertise. Block diagrams and flow charts are included. The semantics of the language is discussed.

C++QEDv2 Milestone 10: A C++/Python application-programming framework for simulating open quantum dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sandner, Raimar; Vukics, András

2014-09-01

The v2 Milestone 10 release of C++QED is primarily a feature release, which also corrects some problems of the previous release, especially as regards the build system. The adoption of C++11 features has led to many simplifications in the codebase. A full doxygen-based API manual [1] is now provided together with updated user guides. A largely automated, versatile new testsuite directed both towards computational and physics features allows for quickly spotting arising errors. The states of trajectories are now savable and recoverable with full binary precision, allowing for trajectory continuation regardless of evolution method (single/ensemble Monte Carlo wave-function or Master equation trajectory). As the main new feature, the framework now presents Python bindings to the highest-level programming interface, so that actual simulations for given composite quantum systems can now be performed from Python. Catalogue identifier: AELU_v2_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AELU_v2_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: yes No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 492422 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 8070987 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++/Python. Computer: i386-i686, x86 64. Operating system: In principle cross-platform, as yet tested only on UNIX-like systems (including Mac OS X). RAM: The framework itself takes about 60MB, which is fully shared. The additional memory taken by the program which defines the actual physical system (script) is typically less than 1MB. The memory storing the actual data scales with the system dimension for state-vector manipulations, and the square of the dimension for density-operator manipulations. This might easily be GBs, and often the memory of the machine limits the size of the simulated system. Classification: 4.3, 4.13, 6.2. External routines: Boost C++ libraries, GNU Scientific Library, Blitz++, FLENS, NumPy, SciPy Catalogue identifier of previous version: AELU_v1_0 Journal reference of previous version: Comput. Phys. Comm. 183 (2012) 1381 Does the new version supersede the previous version?: Yes Nature of problem: Definition of (open) composite quantum systems out of elementary building blocks [2,3]. Manipulation of such systems, with emphasis on dynamical simulations such as Master-equation evolution [4] and Monte Carlo wave-function simulation [5]. Solution method: Master equation, Monte Carlo wave-function method Reasons for new version: The new version is mainly a feature release, but it does correct some problems of the previous version, especially as regards the build system. Summary of revisions: We give an example for a typical Python script implementing the ring-cavity system presented in Sec. 3.3 of Ref. [2]: Restrictions: Total dimensionality of the system. Master equation-few thousands. Monte Carlo wave-function trajectory-several millions. Unusual features: Because of the heavy use of compile-time algorithms, compilation of programs written in the framework may take a long time and much memory (up to several GBs). Additional comments: The framework is not a program, but provides and implements an application-programming interface for developing simulations in the indicated problem domain. We use several C++11 features which limits the range of supported compilers (g++ 4.7, clang++ 3.1) Documentation, http://cppqed.sourceforge.net/ Running time: Depending on the magnitude of the problem, can vary from a few seconds to weeks. References: [1] Entry point: http://cppqed.sf.net [2] A. Vukics, C++QEDv2: The multi-array concept and compile-time algorithms in the definition of composite quantum systems, Comp. Phys. Comm. 183(2012)1381. [3] A. Vukics, H. Ritsch, C++QED: an object-oriented framework for wave-function simulations of cavity QED systems, Eur. Phys. J. D 44 (2007) 585. [4] H. J. Carmichael, An Open Systems Approach to Quantum Optics, Springer, 1993. [5] J. Dalibard, Y. Castin, K. Molmer, Wave-function approach to dissipative processes in quantum optics, Phys. Rev. Lett. 68 (1992) 580.

Application of a quantum ensemble model to linguistic analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rovenchak, Andrij; Buk, Solomija

2011-04-01

A new set of parameters to describe the behavior of word frequencies in texts is proposed. An analogy between the word frequency distribution and the Bose distribution is suggested, and the notion of “temperature” is introduced for this case. The calculations are made for English, Ukrainian, and the Guinean Maninka languages. A correlation between the language structure (the level of analyticity) and the defined parameters is shown to exist.

Artificial intelligence programming languages for computer aided manufacturing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rieger, C.; Samet, H.; Rosenberg, J.

1979-01-01

Eight Artificial Intelligence programming languages (SAIL, LISP, MICROPLANNER, CONNIVER, MLISP, POP-2, AL, and QLISP) are presented and surveyed, with examples of their use in an automated shop environment. Control structures are compared, and distinctive features of each language are highlighted. A simple programming task is used to illustrate programs in SAIL, LISP, MICROPLANNER, and CONNIVER. The report assumes reader knowledge of programming concepts, but not necessarily of the languages surveyed.

Heritage Language Education: Valuing the Languages, Literacies, and Cultural Competencies of Immigrant Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seals, Corinne A.; Peyton, Joy Kreeft

2017-01-01

This article argues for the value of heritage language programs and the micro-level language policies that support them, focusing on a case study of a program in the USA to make this argument. We also argue for the importance of recognizing students' heritage languages, cultures, and individual goals and identities in mainstream school programs.…

Do They Make a Difference? The Impact of English Language Programs on Second Language Students in Canadian Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, Janna; Cheng, Liying; Zumbo, Bruno D.

2014-01-01

Few studies have investigated the impact of English language programs on second language (L2) students studying in Canadian universities (Cheng & Fox, 2008; Fox, 2005, 2009). This article reports on questionnaire responses of 641 L2 students studying in 36 English language programs in 26 Canadian universities. The researchers identified…

An Evaluation Framework and Comparative Analysis of the Widely Used First Programming Languages

PubMed Central

Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Khan, Sher Afzal; Ahmad, Farooq; Islam, Saeed; Abid, Adnan

2014-01-01

Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at different times. Though the selection of an appropriate FPL is very important, yet it has been a controversial issue in the presence of many choices. Many efforts have been made for designing a good FPL, however, there is no ample way to evaluate and compare the existing languages so as to find the most suitable FPL. In this article, we have proposed a framework to evaluate the existing imperative, and object oriented languages for their suitability as an appropriate FPL. Furthermore, based on the proposed framework we have devised a customizable scoring function to compute a quantitative suitability score for a language, which reflects its conformance to the proposed framework. Lastly, we have also evaluated the conformance of the widely used FPLs to the proposed framework, and have also computed their suitability scores. PMID:24586449

An evaluation framework and comparative analysis of the widely used first programming languages.

PubMed

Farooq, Muhammad Shoaib; Khan, Sher Afzal; Ahmad, Farooq; Islam, Saeed; Abid, Adnan

2014-01-01

Computer programming is the core of computer science curriculum. Several programming languages have been used to teach the first course in computer programming, and such languages are referred to as first programming language (FPL). The pool of programming languages has been evolving with the development of new languages, and from this pool different languages have been used as FPL at different times. Though the selection of an appropriate FPL is very important, yet it has been a controversial issue in the presence of many choices. Many efforts have been made for designing a good FPL, however, there is no ample way to evaluate and compare the existing languages so as to find the most suitable FPL. In this article, we have proposed a framework to evaluate the existing imperative, and object oriented languages for their suitability as an appropriate FPL. Furthermore, based on the proposed framework we have devised a customizable scoring function to compute a quantitative suitability score for a language, which reflects its conformance to the proposed framework. Lastly, we have also evaluated the conformance of the widely used FPLs to the proposed framework, and have also computed their suitability scores.

Knowledge, programming, and programming cultures: LISP, C, and Ada

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rochowiak, Daniel

1990-01-01

The results of research 'Ada as an implementation language for knowledge based systems' are presented. The purpose of the research was to compare Ada to other programming languages. The report focuses on the programming languages Ada, C, and Lisp, the programming cultures that surround them, and the programming paradigms they support.

The African Language Program at Michigan State University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dwyer, David

1979-01-01

Describes the African language program at Michigan State University, which provides (1) supervised, individualized instruction for high-demand languages, on two levels; (2) regular classroom instruction for Swahili and Hausa; and (3) non-credit, self-instructional programs for low-demand languages. Sample forms are appended. (AM)

Computer Programming Languages for Health Care

PubMed Central

O'Neill, Joseph T.

1979-01-01

This paper advocates the use of standard high level programming languages for medical computing. It recommends that U.S. Government agencies having health care missions implement coordinated policies that encourage the use of existing standard languages and the development of new ones, thereby enabling them and the medical computing community at large to share state-of-the-art application programs. Examples are based on a model that characterizes language and language translator influence upon the specification, development, test, evaluation, and transfer of application programs.

Flight program language requirements. Volume 3: Appendices

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

Government-sponsored study and development efforts were directed toward design and implementation of high level programming languages suitable for future aerospace applications. The study centered around an evaluation of the four most pertinent existing aerospace languages. Evaluation criteria were established, and selected kernels from the current Saturn 5 and Skylab flight programs were used as benchmark problems for sample coding. An independent review of the language specifications incorporated anticipated future programming requirements into the evaluation. A set of language requirements was synthesized from these activities.

Praxis language reference manual

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walker, J.H.

1981-01-01

This document is a language reference manual for the programming language Praxis. The document contains the specifications that must be met by any compiler for the language. The Praxis language was designed for systems programming in real-time process applications. Goals for the language and its implementations are: (1) highly efficient code generated by the compiler; (2) program portability; (3) completeness, that is, all programming requirements can be met by the language without needing an assembler; and (4) separate compilation to aid in design and management of large systems. The language does not provide any facilities for input/output, stack and queuemore » handling, string operations, parallel processing, or coroutine processing. These features can be implemented as routines in the language, using machine-dependent code to take advantage of facilities in the control environment on different machines.« less

Visual Programming: A Programming Tool for Increasing Mathematics Achivement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swanier, Cheryl A.; Seals, Cheryl D.; Billionniere, Elodie V.

2009-01-01

This paper aims to address the need of increasing student achievement in mathematics using a visual programming language such as Scratch. This visual programming language facilitates creating an environment where students in K-12 education can develop mathematical simulations while learning a visual programming language at the same time.…

DCA_Tools

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Summers, Michael S

2017-11-08

HPC software for ab-initio, condensed-matter physics, quantum mechanics calculations needs to be built on top of well tested libraries some of which address requirements unique to the programming domain. During the development of the DCA++ code, that we use in our research, we have developed a collection of libraries that may be of use to other computational scientists working in the same or similar domains. The libraries include: a) a pythonic input-language system, b) tensors whose shape is constructed from generalized dimension objects such at time domains. frequency domains, momentum domains, vertex domains et. al. and c) linear algebra operationsmore » that resolve to BLA/LAPACK operations when possible. This supports the implementation of Greens functions and operations on them such as are used in condensed matter physics.« less

Problems for a Sign Language Planning Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Covington, Virginia

1977-01-01

American Sign Language is chiefly untaught and nonstandardized. The Communicative Skills Program of the National Association of the Deaf aims to provide sign language classes for hearing personnel and to increase interpreting services. Programs, funding and aims of the Program are outlined. A government sign language planning agency is proposed.…

A Year-Round Professional Development Model for World Language Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Steele, Tracy M.; Peterson, Margaret D.; Silva, Duarte M.; Padilla, Amado M.

2009-01-01

The Bay Area Foreign Language Program (BAFLP), one of nine regional sites of the California Foreign Language Project, offers ongoing, year-round professional development programs for world language educators. In addition, its leadership program prepares selected educators to assume leadership positions at their school sites, building capacity for…

Quantitative Model for Choosing Programming Language for Online Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherman, Steven J.; Shehane, Ronald F.; Todd, Dewey W.

2018-01-01

Colleges are increasingly offering online courses, including computer programming courses for business school students. Programming languages that are most useful to students are those that are widely used in the job market. However, the most popular computer languages change at least every three years. Therefore, the language used for instruction…

Foreign Language K-12. Program Evaluation 1991-92.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wadden, Jerry M.

The Des Moines (Iowa) Public Schools foreign language program for K-12 is described and evaluated. The evaluation report focuses on six areas, including: (1) school district mission and philosophy of foreign language instruction; (2) context (state policies and standards, foreign language program overview and enrollment, fiber-optic communication…

Les programmes de base: des principes a la realite (Core Programs: From Principles to Reality).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Calve, Pierre

1985-01-01

The recent evolution of second language teaching theory regarding language, learning, communication, and teaching is summarized, and factors contributing to resistance to core second language programs are examined. They include tradition, school programs, time of instruction, language of instruction, teacher training, attitudes, and…

77 FR 30045 - 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: English Language Evaluation Surveys

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-21

...] 30-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: English Language Evaluation Surveys ACTION: Notice... clearance will allow ECA/P/V, as part of the English Language Evaluation, to conduct surveys of participants in the ETA Program, E-Teacher Scholarship program, and the English Language Specialist Program...

Listen! Native Radio Can Save Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Kallen

1996-01-01

In the United States and Canada, the number of radio stations operated by Native Americans has greatly increased in recent years, as have the amount of programming in native languages and the number of native language instructional programs. Such programming can play a role in maintaining vigorous native languages and revitalizing endangered…

Synchronization in Scratch: A Case Study with Education Science Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nikolos, Dimitris; Komis, Vassilis

2015-01-01

The Scratch programming language is an introductory programming language for students. It is also a visual concurrent programming language, where multiple threads are executed simultaneously. Synchronization in concurrent languages is a complex task for novices to understand. Our research is focused on strategies and methods applied by novice…

Arbitrarily exhaustive hypergraph generation of 4-, 6-, 8-, 16-, and 32-dimensional quantum contextual sets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pavičić, Mladen

2017-06-01

Quantum contextuality turns out to be a necessary resource for universal quantum computation and important in the field of quantum information processing. It is therefore of interest both for theoretical considerations and for experimental implementation to find new types and instances of contextual sets and develop methods of their optimal generation. We present an arbitrarily exhaustive hypergraph-based generation of the most explored contextual sets [Kochen-Specker (KS) ones] in 4, 6, 8, 16, and 32 dimensions. We consider and analyze 12 KS classes and obtain numerous properties of theirs, which we then compare with the results previously obtained in the literature. We generate several thousand additional types and instances of KS sets, including all KS sets in three of the classes and the upper part of a fourth set. We make use of the McKay-Megill-Pavičić (MMP) hypergraph language, algorithms, and programs to generate KS sets strictly following their definition from the Kochen-Specker theorem. This approach proves to be particularly advantageous over the parity-proof-based ones (which prevail in the literature) since it turns out that only a very few KS sets have a parity proof (in six KS classes <0.01% and in one of them 0%). MMP hypergraph formalism enables a translation of an exponentially complex task of solving systems of nonlinear equations, describing KS vector orthogonalities, into a statistically linearly complex task of evaluating vertex states of hypergraph edges, thus exponentially speeding up the generation of KS sets and enabling us to generate billions of novel instances of them. The MMP hypergraph notation also enables us to graphically represent KS sets and to visually discern their features.

TRIQS: A toolbox for research on interacting quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parcollet, Olivier; Ferrero, Michel; Ayral, Thomas; Hafermann, Hartmut; Krivenko, Igor; Messio, Laura; Seth, Priyanka

2015-11-01

We present the TRIQS library, a Toolbox for Research on Interacting Quantum Systems. It is an open-source, computational physics library providing a framework for the quick development of applications in the field of many-body quantum physics, and in particular, strongly-correlated electronic systems. It supplies components to develop codes in a modern, concise and efficient way: e.g. Green's function containers, a generic Monte Carlo class, and simple interfaces to HDF5. TRIQS is a C++/Python library that can be used from either language. It is distributed under the GNU General Public License (GPLv3). State-of-the-art applications based on the library, such as modern quantum many-body solvers and interfaces between density-functional-theory codes and dynamical mean-field theory (DMFT) codes are distributed along with it.

At the Crossroads of Learning and Culture: Identifying a Construct for Effective Computer-Assisted Language Learning for English Language Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Yun

2010-01-01

Many of the commercial Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) programs available today typically take a generic approach. This approach standardizes the program so that it can be used to teach any language merely by translating the content from one language to another. These CALL programs rarely consider the cultural background or preferred…

Towards the Automatic Generation of Programmed Foreign-Language Instructional Materials.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Campen, Joseph A.

The purpose of this report is to describe a set of programs which either perform certain tasks useful in the generation of programed foreign-language instructional material or facilitate the writing of such task-oriented programs by other researchers. The programs described are these: (1) a PDP-10 assembly language program for the selection from a…

Programming Language Use in US Academia and Industry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ben Arfa Rabai, Latifa; Cohen, Barry; Mili, Ali

2015-01-01

In the same way that natural languages influence and shape the way we think, programming languages have a profound impact on the way a programmer analyzes a problem and formulates its solution in the form of a program. To the extent that a first programming course is likely to determine the student's approach to program design, program analysis,…

Teacher and Student Language Practices and Ideologies in a Third-Grade Two-Way Dual Language Program Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Henderson, Kathryn I.; Palmer, Deborah K.

2015-01-01

This article provides an in-depth exploration of the language ecologies of two classrooms attempting to implement a two-way dual language (TWDL) program and its mediating conditions. Drawing on ethnographic methods and a sociocultural understanding of language, we examined both teachers' and students' language ideologies and language practices,…

Chief Dull Knife Community Is Strengthening the Northern Cheyenne Language and Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Littlebear, Richard E.

2003-01-01

Language revitalization programs should focus on whether they want to teach the language, teach about the language, teach with the language, or teach the language for academic credit. A program at Chief Dull Knife College (Montana) teaches the Cheyenne language using the Total Physical Response method, which replicates the manner in which first…

Language plus for international graduate students in nursing.

PubMed

Julian, M A; Keane, A; Davidson, K

1999-01-01

To provide information about an English-language support program that focuses on the needs of international graduate nursing students. The growing presence of these students coincides with the increasing numbers of universities committed to world health. Crucial social and language competence affect the success and progress of international students in graduate nursing programs. Reviewed literature was 1980 to 1998, in nursing and applied linguistic research including second-language acquisition, phonology, discourse analysis, and language pragmatics to identify social and language phenomena. Investigators suggest essential elements such as conventions of academic writing, reading comprehension, vocabulary, and pronunciation skills be included in the supportive Language Plus program. Ongoing development of the Language Plus program can promote collaboration between nurses and linguists and increase the success of international graduate nursing students.

Possible 6-qubit NMR quantum computer device material; simulator of the NMR line width

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hashi, K.; Kitazawa, H.; Shimizu, T.; Goto, A.; Eguchi, S.; Ohki, S.

2002-12-01

For an NMR quantum computer, splitting of an NMR spectrum must be larger than a line width. In order to find a best device material for a solid-state NMR quantum computer, we have made a simulation program to calculate the NMR line width due to the nuclear dipole field by the 2nd moment method. The program utilizes the lattice information prepared by commercial software to draw a crystal structure. By applying this program, we can estimate the NMR line width due to the nuclear dipole field without measurements and find a candidate material for a 6-qubit solid-state NMR quantum computer device.

A strategy for automatically generating programs in the lucid programming language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Sally C.

1987-01-01

A strategy for automatically generating and verifying simple computer programs is described. The programs are specified by a precondition and a postcondition in predicate calculus. The programs generated are in the Lucid programming language, a high-level, data-flow language known for its attractive mathematical properties and ease of program verification. The Lucid programming is described, and the automatic program generation strategy is described and applied to several example problems.

Award-Winning Foreign Language Programs: Prescriptions for Success.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sims, William D.; Hammond, Sandra B.

The study reviews 50 foreign language programs in the United States that are said to be both inspirational and useful for providing concrete information about the creation and preservation of successful language programs. The programs cited are exemplary and can serve as models for educators and administrators to study and visit. Program selection…

Laboratory automation in a functional programming language.

PubMed

Runciman, Colin; Clare, Amanda; Harkness, Rob

2014-12-01

After some years of use in academic and research settings, functional languages are starting to enter the mainstream as an alternative to more conventional programming languages. This article explores one way to use Haskell, a functional programming language, in the development of control programs for laboratory automation systems. We give code for an example system, discuss some programming concepts that we need for this example, and demonstrate how the use of functional programming allows us to express and verify properties of the resulting code. © 2014 Society for Laboratory Automation and Screening.

A comparison of common programming languages used in bioinformatics.

PubMed

Fourment, Mathieu; Gillings, Michael R

2008-02-05

The performance of different programming languages has previously been benchmarked using abstract mathematical algorithms, but not using standard bioinformatics algorithms. We compared the memory usage and speed of execution for three standard bioinformatics methods, implemented in programs using one of six different programming languages. Programs for the Sellers algorithm, the Neighbor-Joining tree construction algorithm and an algorithm for parsing BLAST file outputs were implemented in C, C++, C#, Java, Perl and Python. Implementations in C and C++ were fastest and used the least memory. Programs in these languages generally contained more lines of code. Java and C# appeared to be a compromise between the flexibility of Perl and Python and the fast performance of C and C++. The relative performance of the tested languages did not change from Windows to Linux and no clear evidence of a faster operating system was found. Source code and additional information are available from http://www.bioinformatics.org/benchmark/. This benchmark provides a comparison of six commonly used programming languages under two different operating systems. The overall comparison shows that a developer should choose an appropriate language carefully, taking into account the performance expected and the library availability for each language.

A comparison of common programming languages used in bioinformatics

PubMed Central

Fourment, Mathieu; Gillings, Michael R

2008-01-01

Background The performance of different programming languages has previously been benchmarked using abstract mathematical algorithms, but not using standard bioinformatics algorithms. We compared the memory usage and speed of execution for three standard bioinformatics methods, implemented in programs using one of six different programming languages. Programs for the Sellers algorithm, the Neighbor-Joining tree construction algorithm and an algorithm for parsing BLAST file outputs were implemented in C, C++, C#, Java, Perl and Python. Results Implementations in C and C++ were fastest and used the least memory. Programs in these languages generally contained more lines of code. Java and C# appeared to be a compromise between the flexibility of Perl and Python and the fast performance of C and C++. The relative performance of the tested languages did not change from Windows to Linux and no clear evidence of a faster operating system was found. Source code and additional information are available from Conclusion This benchmark provides a comparison of six commonly used programming languages under two different operating systems. The overall comparison shows that a developer should choose an appropriate language carefully, taking into account the performance expected and the library availability for each language. PMID:18251993

Language Program Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Norris, John M.

2016-01-01

Language program evaluation is a pragmatic mode of inquiry that illuminates the complex nature of language-related interventions of various kinds, the factors that foster or constrain them, and the consequences that ensue. Program evaluation enables a variety of evidence-based decisions and actions, from designing programs and implementing…

Testing as a Way to Monitor English as a Foreign Language Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Becker, Anthony; Nekrasova-Beker, Tatiana; Petrashova, Tamara

2017-01-01

This study was conducted at a large technical university in Russia, which offers English language courses to students majoring in nine different degree programs. Each degree program develops and delivers its own English language curriculum. While all degree programs followed the same curriculum development model to design language courses, each…

A Program That Acquires Language Using Positive and Negative Feedback.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, James

1987-01-01

Describes the language learning program "Acquire," which is a sample of grammar induction. It is a learning algorithm based on a pattern-matching scheme, using both a positive and negative network to reduce overgeneration. Language learning programs may be useful as tutorials for learning the syntax of a foreign language. (Author/LMO)

The English Language in the School Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogan, Robert F., Ed.

The 22 papers in this publication, drawn from the 1963 and 1964 NCTE Spring Institutes on Language, Linguistics, and School Programs, concentrate on the relevance of recent scholarship for English language programs in elementary and secondary schools. Language theory is the focus of articles by Harold B. Allen, Sumner Ives, Albert H. Marckwardt,…

A Career-Oriented Foreign Language Program for Keystone Oaks School District, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grubesky, Marcia R.

A career-oriented foreign language program is discussed that takes into account marketable skills of foreign language majors for a number of careers. The program is threefold. First, it recognizes the need for language skills to supplement technical, business, and professional skills to expand educational knowledge; capabilities in diplomacy and…

The Effects of Web 2.0 Technologies Usage in Programming Languages Lesson on the Academic Success, Interrogative Learning Skills and Attitudes of Students towards Programming Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gençtürk, Abdullah Tarik; Korucu, Agah Tugrul

2017-01-01

It is observed that teacher candidates receiving education in the department of Computer and Instructional Technologies Education are not able to gain enough experience and knowledge in "Programming Languages" lesson. The goal of this study is to analyse the effects of web 2.0 technologies usage in programming languages lesson on the…

The Australian Language Levels (ALL) Project--A Response to Curriculum Needs in Australia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scarino, Angela; McKay, Penny

Australia has a unique range of language communities and language education needs. A variety of languages is currently offered to different groups of learners through diverse programs. Language teaching may be provided through bilingual education, limited-exposure programs, or compulsory language instruction. Federal and state education agencies,…

Arthur L. Schawlow Prize in Laser Science Talk: Trapped Ion Quantum Networks with Light

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monroe, Christopher

2015-05-01

Laser-cooled atomic ions are standards for quantum information science, acting as qubit memories with unsurpassed levels of quantum coherence while also allowing near-perfect measurement. When qubit state-dependent optical dipole forces are applied to a collection of trapped ions, their Coulomb interaction is modulated in a way that allows the entanglement of the qubits through quantum gates that can form the basis of a quantum computer. Similar optical forces allow the simulation of quantum many-body physics, where recent experiments are approaching a level of complexity that cannot be modelled with conventional computers. Scaling to much larger numbers of qubits can be accomplished by coupling trapped ion qubits through optical photons, where entanglement over remote distances can be used for quantum communication and large-scale distributed quantum computers. Laser sources and quantum optical techniques are the workhorse for such quantum networks, and will continue to lead the way as future quantum hardware is developed. This work is supported by the ARO with funding from the IARPA MQCO program, the DARPA Quiness Program, the ARO MURI on Hybrid Quantum Circuits, the AFOSR MURIs on Quantum Transduction and Quantum Verification, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.

A HyperCard Program for Business German.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paulsell, Patricia R.

Although the use of computer-assisted language instruction software has been mainly limited to grammatical/syntactical drills, the increasing number of language professionals with programming skills is leading to the development of more sophisticated language education programs. This report describes the generation of such a program using the…

Programming languages for synthetic biology.

PubMed

Umesh, P; Naveen, F; Rao, Chanchala Uma Maheswara; Nair, Achuthsankar S

2010-12-01

In the backdrop of accelerated efforts for creating synthetic organisms, the nature and scope of an ideal programming language for scripting synthetic organism in-silico has been receiving increasing attention. A few programming languages for synthetic biology capable of defining, constructing, networking, editing and delivering genome scale models of cellular processes have been recently attempted. All these represent important points in a spectrum of possibilities. This paper introduces Kera, a state of the art programming language for synthetic biology which is arguably ahead of similar languages or tools such as GEC, Antimony and GenoCAD. Kera is a full-fledged object oriented programming language which is tempered by biopart rule library named Samhita which captures the knowledge regarding the interaction of genome components and catalytic molecules. Prominent feature of the language are demonstrated through a toy example and the road map for the future development of Kera is also presented.

Software For Least-Squares And Robust Estimation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jeffreys, William H.; Fitzpatrick, Michael J.; Mcarthur, Barbara E.; Mccartney, James

1990-01-01

GAUSSFIT computer program includes full-featured programming language facilitating creation of mathematical models solving least-squares and robust-estimation problems. Programming language designed to make it easy to specify complex reduction models. Written in 100 percent C language.

Learning Through Survival: An Approach to Foreign Language Teaching. A Program Description and Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Travers, Claudia S.; Reilly, Joseph T. M.

A foreign travel program for eighth grade French language students from Shoreham, New York was developed to provide language speaking practice in Quebec, Canada. The program was designed to allow students to spend as much time as possible speaking the language and interacting with the people. The following "survival through speaking"…

Linking Language and Culture in the Language and Cultural Program of the Lauder Institute: The French Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lahaeye, Marie-Noelle

The University of Pennsylvania's Lauder Institute of Management and International Studies introduced a cultural segment into its second language program in 1986 to enable students to use language purposefully within the foreign culture. During the program's 2 years, students are exposed to eight different cultural segments taught by language…

A Systematic Meta-Analytic Review of Evidence for the Effectiveness of the "Fast ForWord" Language Intervention Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strong, Gemma K.; Torgerson, Carole J.; Torgerson, David; Hulme, Charles

2011-01-01

Background: Fast ForWord is a suite of computer-based language intervention programs designed to improve children's reading and oral language skills. The programs are based on the hypothesis that oral language difficulties often arise from a rapid auditory temporal processing deficit that compromises the development of phonological…

New Dimensions in Language Training: The Dartmouth College Experiment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rassias, John A.

The expanded foreign study and foreign language programs offered at Dartmouth are examined with emphasis on the influence of Peace Corps language programs during the last half-dozen years on American college campuses. The impact of the programs at Dartmouth since 1964 is discussed in terms of: (1) a brief history of language instruction at…

Uses of Technology in the Instruction of Adult English Language Learners. CAELA Network Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Sarah Catherine K.

2009-01-01

In program year 2006-2007, 46 percent of the adults enrolled in federally funded, state-administered adult education programs in the United States were enrolled in English as a Second Language (ESL) programs. These adult English language learners represent a wide range of ages, nationalities, native languages, and English proficiency levels. In…

HAL/S language specification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newbold, P. M.

1974-01-01

A programming language for the flight software of the NASA space shuttle program was developed and identified as HAL/S. The language is intended to satisfy virtually all of the flight software requirements of the space shuttle. The language incorporates a wide range of features, including applications-oriented data types and organizations, real time control mechanisms, and constructs for systems programming tasks.

A Multicultural Awareness Program To Improve Language and Thinking Skills to a Group of Language Deficient Preschool Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Altamura, Marilyn T.

This practicum project exposed seven preschool students with language deficiencies to multicultural experiences and strategies, resulting in improvements in both language and thinking skills. The children were included in a regular preschool program serving low-income families. The program was based on a multicultural awareness curriculum which…

The Dual Language Program Planner: A Guide for Designing and Implementing Dual Language Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howard, Elizabeth R.; Olague, Natalie; Rogers, David

This guide offers a framework to facilitate the planning process for dual language programs, assuming at least a basic working knowledge of the central characteristics and essential features of dual language models. It provides an overview of the various models that serve linguistically diverse student populations, defining the term dual language…

The boundary is mixed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bianchi, Eugenio; Haggard, Hal M.; Rovelli, Carlo

2017-08-01

We show that in Oeckl's boundary formalism the boundary vectors that do not have a tensor form represent, in a precise sense, statistical states. Therefore the formalism incorporates quantum statistical mechanics naturally. We formulate general-covariant quantum statistical mechanics in this language. We illustrate the formalism by showing how it accounts for the Unruh effect. We observe that the distinction between pure and mixed states weakens in the general covariant context, suggesting that local gravitational processes are naturally statistical without a sharp quantal versus probabilistic distinction.

25 CFR 39.131 - What is a Language Development Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is a Language Development Program? 39.131 Section 39.131 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION THE INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.131 What is a...

34 CFR 658.11 - What projects and activities may a grantee conduct under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM What Kinds of Projects Does the Secretary Assist Under This Program... program to improve undergraduate instruction in international studies and foreign languages. These include... studies and foreign languages; (b) Teaching, research, curriculum development, faculty training in the...

34 CFR 658.11 - What projects and activities may a grantee conduct under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM What Kinds of Projects Does the Secretary Assist Under This Program... program to improve undergraduate instruction in international studies and foreign languages. These include... studies and foreign languages; (b) Teaching, research, curriculum development, faculty training in the...

34 CFR 658.11 - What projects and activities may a grantee conduct under this program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... STUDIES AND FOREIGN LANGUAGE PROGRAM What Kinds of Projects Does the Secretary Assist Under This Program... program to improve undergraduate instruction in international studies and foreign languages. These include... studies and foreign languages; (b) Teaching, research, curriculum development, faculty training in the...

The Dynamics of Language Program Direction. Issues in Language Program Direction: A Series of Annual Volumes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Benseler, David P., Ed.

This collection papers begins with "Introduction: The Dynamics of Successful Leadership in Foreign Language Programs," then features the following: "The Undergraduate Program: Autonomy and Empowerment" (Wilga M. Rivers); "TA Supervision: Are We Preparing a Future Professoriate?" (Cathy Pons); "Applied Scholarship…

[Union-Endicott Schools: Foreign Language Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connell, Raymond S.

This brochure describing language programs to both parents and prospective high school language students in Endicott, New York focuses on developing student motivation and interest. Topics discussed include: (1) reasons for studying foreign language, (2) stages of foreign language learning, (3) course offerings, (4) homework, and (5) examinations.…

Author Languages, Authoring Systems, and Their Relation to the Changing Focus of Computer-Aided Language Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sussex, Roland

1991-01-01

Considers how the effectiveness of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) has been hampered by language teachers who lack programing and software engineering expertise, and explores the limitations and potential contributions of author languages, programs, and environments in increasing the range of options for language teachers who are not…

More than Words, A Way of Life: Language Restoration Programs Reach beyond Tribal Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paskus, Laura

2013-01-01

In North America, and worldwide, Indigenous languages are disappearing at an alarming rate. There are, however, models of success for language revitalization in immersion language programs, usually found in tribal colleges and universities. Whether the language learners are tribal college students greeting one another in their native language,…

Physics of the Lorentz Group

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Başkal, Sibel

2015-11-01

This book explains the Lorentz mathematical group in a language familiar to physicists. While the three-dimensional rotation group is one of the standard mathematical tools in physics, the Lorentz group of the four-dimensional Minkowski space is still very strange to most present-day physicists. It plays an essential role in understanding particles moving at close to light speed and is becoming the essential language for quantum optics, classical optics, and information science. The book is based on papers and books published by the authors on the representations of the Lorentz group based on harmonic oscillators and their applications to high-energy physics and to Wigner functions applicable to quantum optics. It also covers the two-by-two representations of the Lorentz group applicable to ray optics, including cavity, multilayer and lens optics, as well as representations of the Lorentz group applicable to Stokes parameters and the Poincaré sphere on polarization optics.

Reviews Equipment: LabQuest 2 Equipment: Rubens' Tube Equipment: Ripple Strobe Tank Book: God and the Atom Book: Magnificent Principia, Exploring Isaac Newton's Masterpiece Book: Talking Science: Language, Learning, and Values Classroom Video: Maxwell's Equations Book: Exploring Quantum Physics Through Hands-on Projects Web Watch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2013-11-01

WE RECOMMEND LabQuest 2 New logger now includes mobile data sharing Rubens' Tube Sturdy Rubens' tube ramps up the beat Ripple Strobe Tank Portable ripple tank makes waves in and out of the lab God and the Atom Expertly told story of the influence of atomism Maxwell's Equations Video stands the test of time Exploring Quantum Physics Through Hands-on Projects Mixture of theory and experiment hits the spot WORTH A LOOK Magnificent Principia, Exploring Isaac Newton's Masterpiece The tricky task of summarizing Newton's iconic work Talking Science: Language, Learning, and Values Interesting book tackles communication in the classroom WEB WATCH Interactive website plans a trip to Mars ... documentary peers into telescopes ... films consider the density of water

Shape from sound: toward new tools for quantum gravity.

PubMed

Aasen, David; Bhamre, Tejal; Kempf, Achim

2013-03-22

To unify general relativity and quantum theory is hard in part because they are formulated in two very different mathematical languages, differential geometry and functional analysis. A natural candidate for bridging this language gap, at least in the case of the Euclidean signature, is the discipline of spectral geometry. It aims at describing curved manifolds in terms of the spectra of their canonical differential operators. As an immediate benefit, this would offer a clean gauge-independent identification of the metric's degrees of freedom in terms of invariants that should be ready to quantize. However, spectral geometry is itself hard and has been plagued by ambiguities. Here, we regularize and break up spectral geometry into small, finite-dimensional and therefore manageable steps. We constructively demonstrate that this strategy works at least in two dimensions. We can now calculate the shapes of two-dimensional objects from their vibrational spectra.

Quon 3D language for quantum information

PubMed Central

Liu, Zhengwei; Wozniakowski, Alex; Jaffe, Arthur M.

2017-01-01

We present a 3D topological picture-language for quantum information. Our approach combines charged excitations carried by strings, with topological properties that arise from embedding the strings in the interior of a 3D manifold with boundary. A quon is a composite that acts as a particle. Specifically, a quon is a hemisphere containing a neutral pair of open strings with opposite charge. We interpret multiquons and their transformations in a natural way. We obtain a type of relation, a string–genus “joint relation,” involving both a string and the 3D manifold. We use the joint relation to obtain a topological interpretation of the C∗-Hopf algebra relations, which are widely used in tensor networks. We obtain a 3D representation of the controlled NOT (CNOT) gate that is considerably simpler than earlier work, and a 3D topological protocol for teleportation. PMID:28167790

Real-Time Multiprocessor Programming Language (RTMPL) user's manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Arpasi, D. J.

1985-01-01

A real-time multiprocessor programming language (RTMPL) has been developed to provide for high-order programming of real-time simulations on systems of distributed computers. RTMPL is a structured, engineering-oriented language. The RTMPL utility supports a variety of multiprocessor configurations and types by generating assembly language programs according to user-specified targeting information. Many programming functions are assumed by the utility (e.g., data transfer and scaling) to reduce the programming chore. This manual describes RTMPL from a user's viewpoint. Source generation, applications, utility operation, and utility output are detailed. An example simulation is generated to illustrate many RTMPL features.

Should bilingual children learn reading in two languages at the same time or in sequence?

PubMed Central

Berens, Melody S.; Kovelman, Ioulia; Petitto, Laura-Ann

2013-01-01

Is it best to learn reading in two languages simultaneously or sequentially? We observed 2nd and 3rd grade children in two-way dual-language learning contexts: (i) 50:50 or Simultaneous dual-language (two languages within same developmental period) and (ii) 90:10 or Sequential dual-language (one language, followed gradually by the other). They were compared to matched monolingual English-only children in single-language English schools. Bilinguals (home language was Spanish only, English-only, or Spanish and English in dual-language schools), were tested in both languages, and monolingual children were tested in English using standardized reading and language tasks. Bilinguals in 50:50 programs performed better than bilinguals in 90:10 programs on English Irregular Words and Passage Comprehension tasks, suggesting language and reading facilitation for underlying grammatical class and linguistic structure analyses. By contrast, bilinguals in 90:10 programs performed better than bilinguals in the 50:50 programs on English Phonological Awareness and Reading Decoding tasks, suggesting language and reading facilitation for surface phonological regularity analysis. Notably, children from English-only homes in dual-language learning contexts performed equally well, or better than, children from monolingual English-only homes in single-language learning contexts. Overall, the findings provide tantalizing evidence that dual-language learning during the same developmental period may provide bilingual reading advantages. PMID:23794952

Experimental quantum simulations of many-body physics with trapped ions.

PubMed

Schneider, Ch; Porras, Diego; Schaetz, Tobias

2012-02-01

Direct experimental access to some of the most intriguing quantum phenomena is not granted due to the lack of precise control of the relevant parameters in their naturally intricate environment. Their simulation on conventional computers is impossible, since quantum behaviour arising with superposition states or entanglement is not efficiently translatable into the classical language. However, one could gain deeper insight into complex quantum dynamics by experimentally simulating the quantum behaviour of interest in another quantum system, where the relevant parameters and interactions can be controlled and robust effects detected sufficiently well. Systems of trapped ions provide unique control of both the internal (electronic) and external (motional) degrees of freedom. The mutual Coulomb interaction between the ions allows for large interaction strengths at comparatively large mutual ion distances enabling individual control and readout. Systems of trapped ions therefore exhibit a prominent system in several physical disciplines, for example, quantum information processing or metrology. Here, we will give an overview of different trapping techniques of ions as well as implementations for coherent manipulation of their quantum states and discuss the related theoretical basics. We then report on the experimental and theoretical progress in simulating quantum many-body physics with trapped ions and present current approaches for scaling up to more ions and more-dimensional systems.

The Advantages and Disadvantages of Computer Technology in Second Language Acquisition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lai, Cheng-Chieh; Kritsonis, William Allan

2006-01-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of computer technology and Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) programs for current second language learning. According to the National Clearinghouse for English Language Acquisition & Language Instruction Educational Programs' report (2002), more than nine million…

Online Collaborative Communities of Learning for Pre-Service Teachers of Languages

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morgan, Anne-Marie

2015-01-01

University programs for preparing preservice teachers of languages for teaching in schools generally involve generic pedagogy, methodology, curriculum, programming and issues foci, that provide a bridge between the study of languages (or recognition of existing language proficiency) and the teaching of languages. There is much territory to cover…

A Whole Language Flight Plan: An Interview with Three Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Griffith, Priscilla L.; Klesius, Janell

1990-01-01

Provides suggestions to teachers planning to implement a whole language program, based on interviews with three whole language teachers. Focuses on support for the whole language program; decisions about curriculum and evaluation; development of vocabulary and comprehension; strengths and weaknesses of the whole language approach; and preparation…

Programming parallel architectures: The BLAZE family of languages

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mehrotra, Piyush

1988-01-01

Programming multiprocessor architectures is a critical research issue. An overview is given of the various approaches to programming these architectures that are currently being explored. It is argued that two of these approaches, interactive programming environments and functional parallel languages, are particularly attractive since they remove much of the burden of exploiting parallel architectures from the user. Also described is recent work by the author in the design of parallel languages. Research on languages for both shared and nonshared memory multiprocessors is described, as well as the relations of this work to other current language research projects.

Optimal approach to quantum communication using dynamic programming.

PubMed

Jiang, Liang; Taylor, Jacob M; Khaneja, Navin; Lukin, Mikhail D

2007-10-30

Reliable preparation of entanglement between distant systems is an outstanding problem in quantum information science and quantum communication. In practice, this has to be accomplished by noisy channels (such as optical fibers) that generally result in exponential attenuation of quantum signals at large distances. A special class of quantum error correction protocols, quantum repeater protocols, can be used to overcome such losses. In this work, we introduce a method for systematically optimizing existing protocols and developing more efficient protocols. Our approach makes use of a dynamic programming-based searching algorithm, the complexity of which scales only polynomially with the communication distance, letting us efficiently determine near-optimal solutions. We find significant improvements in both the speed and the final-state fidelity for preparing long-distance entangled states.

Generalizing Prototype Theory: A Formal Quantum Framework

PubMed Central

Aerts, Diederik; Broekaert, Jan; Gabora, Liane; Sozzo, Sandro

2016-01-01

Theories of natural language and concepts have been unable to model the flexibility, creativity, context-dependence, and emergence, exhibited by words, concepts and their combinations. The mathematical formalism of quantum theory has instead been successful in capturing these phenomena such as graded membership, situational meaning, composition of categories, and also more complex decision making situations, which cannot be modeled in traditional probabilistic approaches. We show how a formal quantum approach to concepts and their combinations can provide a powerful extension of prototype theory. We explain how prototypes can interfere in conceptual combinations as a consequence of their contextual interactions, and provide an illustration of this using an intuitive wave-like diagram. This quantum-conceptual approach gives new life to original prototype theory, without however making it a privileged concept theory, as we explain at the end of our paper. PMID:27065436

Defense Contracting: Actions Needed to Explore Additional Opportunities to Gain Efficiencies in Acquiring Foreign Language Support

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-25

Directive 5160.41E, Defense Language Program . 10GAO-11-456. Page 5 GAO-13-251R Defense Contracting types of foreign language support that DOD has acquired...Language Transformation Roadmap, (January 2005), and Department of Defense Directive 5160.41E, Defense Language Program . Page 15 GAO-13-251R Defense...examines the use of public funds; evaluates federal programs and policies; and provides analyses, recommendations, and other assistance to help

The PlusCal Algorithm Language

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamport, Leslie

Algorithms are different from programs and should not be described with programming languages. The only simple alternative to programming languages has been pseudo-code. PlusCal is an algorithm language that can be used right now to replace pseudo-code, for both sequential and concurrent algorithms. It is based on the TLA + specification language, and a PlusCal algorithm is automatically translated to a TLA + specification that can be checked with the TLC model checker and reasoned about formally.

A Debate over the Teaching of a Legacy Programming Language in an Information Technology (IT) Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ali, Azad; Smith, David

2014-01-01

This paper presents a debate between two faculty members regarding the teaching of the legacy programming course (COBOL) in a Computer Science (CS) program. Among the two faculty members, one calls for the continuation of teaching this language and the other calls for replacing it with another modern language. Although CS programs are notorious…

ARC: An open-source library for calculating properties of alkali Rydberg atoms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Šibalić, N.; Pritchard, J. D.; Adams, C. S.; Weatherill, K. J.

2017-11-01

We present an object-oriented Python library for the computation of properties of highly-excited Rydberg states of alkali atoms. These include single-body effects such as dipole matrix elements, excited-state lifetimes (radiative and black-body limited) and Stark maps of atoms in external electric fields, as well as two-atom interaction potentials accounting for dipole and quadrupole coupling effects valid at both long and short range for arbitrary placement of the atomic dipoles. The package is cross-referenced to precise measurements of atomic energy levels and features extensive documentation to facilitate rapid upgrade or expansion by users. This library has direct application in the field of quantum information and quantum optics which exploit the strong Rydberg dipolar interactions for two-qubit gates, robust atom-light interfaces and simulating quantum many-body physics, as well as the field of metrology using Rydberg atoms as precise microwave electrometers. Program Files doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/hm5n8w628c.1 Licensing provisions: BSD-3-Clause Programming language: Python 2.7 or 3.5, with C extension External Routines: NumPy [1], SciPy [1], Matplotlib [2] Nature of problem: Calculating atomic properties of alkali atoms including lifetimes, energies, Stark shifts and dipole-dipole interaction strengths using matrix elements evaluated from radial wavefunctions. Solution method: Numerical integration of radial Schrödinger equation to obtain atomic wavefunctions, which are then used to evaluate dipole matrix elements. Properties are calculated using second order perturbation theory or exact diagonalisation of the interaction Hamiltonian, yielding results valid even at large external fields or small interatomic separation. Restrictions: External electric field fixed to be parallel to quantisation axis. Supplementary material: Detailed documentation (.html), and Jupyter notebook with examples and benchmarking runs (.html and .ipynb). [1] T.E. Oliphant, Comput. Sci. Eng. 9, 10 (2007). http://www.scipy.org/. [2] J.D. Hunter, Comput. Sci. Eng. 9, 90 (2007). http://matplotlib.org/.

Mobile Language Study

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-08-18

Language Study 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5d. TASK NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Professor Mads Dam, Pablo Giambiagi 5e...Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8/98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-18 SPC 01-4025 Mobile Language Study Final...smart card applications. Smart cards can be programmed using general-purpose languages ; but because of their limited resources, smart card programs

A Program Evaluation of the Language Lab™: Response to Intervention Program for Teaching Grammar, Vocabulary, and Storytelling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wiechmann, JoAnn; Richardson, Martha; Jones, Don

2014-01-01

This program evaluation study addressed the struggle of local elementary school speech-language pathologists (SLPs) in a school district to provide evidence-based intervention in language for students below grade level as required by the U.S. Department of Education. Recently, Language Lab™ was published to address the needs of oral language…

Japan-U.S. Joint Ventures in Higher Education: Language Education in an Uncertain Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clayton, Thomas

1991-01-01

Examines Japanese-U.S. joint venture language or U.S.-style education programs in Japan. These programs offer language and cultural education classes for those interested in English and for students who have failed in the Japanese education system. Problems facing these programs and the need to explore new, English-language education markets are…

Algunos aspectos sicolinguisticos de la Instruccion Programada en el laboratorio de idiomas (Some Psycholinguistic Aspects of Programed Instruction in the Language Laboratory).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monteverde G., Luisa

1971-01-01

This paper presents ideas on using programed instruction in the language laboratory for second language learning. Linear programing is more suited to language instruction than is branching, because the former more easily allows comparison between the students' and teachers' solutions and is technically less complicated and less expensive to…

C Language Integrated Production System, Ada Version

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Culbert, Chris; Riley, Gary; Savely, Robert T.; Melebeck, Clovis J.; White, Wesley A.; Mcgregor, Terry L.; Ferguson, Melisa; Razavipour, Reza

1992-01-01

CLIPS/Ada provides capabilities of CLIPS v4.3 but uses Ada as source language for CLIPS executable code. Implements forward-chaining rule-based language. Program contains inference engine and language syntax providing framework for construction of expert-system program. Also includes features for debugging application program. Based on Rete algorithm which provides efficient method for performing repeated matching of patterns. Written in Ada.

Beyond Course Availability: An Investigation into Order and Concurrency Effects of Undergraduate Programming Courses on Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Urbaczewski, Andrew; Urbaczewski, Lise

The objective of this study was to find the answers to two primary research questions: "Do students learn programming languages better when they are offered in a particular order, such as 4th generation languages before 3rd generation languages?"; and "Do students learn programming languages better when they are taken in separate semesters as…

Implementing Two-Way Dual-Language Immersion Programs: Classroom Insights from an Urban District. Research Brief. RB-9921

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Jennifer J.; Steele, Jennifer L.; Slater, Robert; Bacon, Michael; Miller, Trey

2016-01-01

Dual-language immersion programs--in which students learn core subjects (language arts, math, science, and social studies) in both English and a "partner" language--have been gaining in popularity across the United States. Such programs may use a "two-way model," in which roughly half the students are native speakers of the…

Language Interference and Language Learning Techniques Transfer in L2 and L3 Immersion Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aronin, Larissa; Toubkin, Lynne

2002-01-01

Examines the relationships between the first (L1), second (L2), and third (L3) language in immersion programs for Russian-speaking students in Israel. Two parallel and similar immersion programs, which were carried out for the same population, but with different target languages (L2 Hebrew and L3 English), are described. Presents tentative…

Race, Power, and Equity in a Multiethnic Urban Elementary School with a Dual-Language "Strand" Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Deborah

2010-01-01

Dual-language education is often lauded for providing high-caliber bilingual instruction in an integrated classroom. This is complicated, however, when a dual-language program does not include all members of a school community. This article examines a "strand" dual-language program that attracts middle-class white students to a predominantly black…

Achieving Academic Control in Two Languages: Drawing on the Psychology of Language Learning in Considering the Past, the Present, and Prospects for the Future

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cohen, Andrew D.

2015-01-01

This paper first considers what it means to become truly proficient in a language other than the native one. It then looks briefly at the evolution of dual language programs. Next, it focuses on the issue of whether the first language (L1) or the second language (L2) serves as the language of mediation. Other dual language program issues are then…

The Value of Foreign Language in Business.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stebinger, Arnold

The University of South Carolina's Master's Program in International Business began in June 1974, with 43 students studying German and Spanish. The program began with a 9-week intensive language learning program, followed by a nine-month unified business program, with language instruction twice a week; six weeks of area study concentrating on the…

Using Microcomputer Word Processors for Foreign Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Kim L.

1984-01-01

Describes the programs and modifications needed to do word processing using foreign language characters. One such program, Screenwriter, uses soft character sets -- character sets which can be designed by the program user. This program has a word processing power combined with a foreign language capability that would allow any person to work with…

Language Programs at Villababel High: Rethinking Ideologies of Social Inclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mijares, Laura; Relano Pastor, Ana M.

2011-01-01

This article explores language ideologies underlying two language programs implemented in one secondary school in Madrid (Spain). The Spanish for newcomers immersion program ("Aula de Enlace") is aimed at immigrant origin students who do not know or have a poor command of Spanish; and the Spanish-English bilingual program targets…

Knowledge Intensive Programming: A New Educational Computing Environment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seidman, Robert H.

1990-01-01

Comparison of the process of problem solving using a conventional procedural computer programing language (e.g., BASIC, Logo, Pascal), with the process when using a logic programing language (i.e., Prolog), focuses on the potential of the two types of programing languages to facilitate the transfer of problem-solving skills, cognitive development,…

iBIOMES Lite: Summarizing Biomolecular Simulation Data in Limited Settings

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

As the amount of data generated by biomolecular simulations dramatically increases, new tools need to be developed to help manage this data at the individual investigator or small research group level. In this paper, we introduce iBIOMES Lite, a lightweight tool for biomolecular simulation data indexing and summarization. The main goal of iBIOMES Lite is to provide a simple interface to summarize computational experiments in a setting where the user might have limited privileges and limited access to IT resources. A command-line interface allows the user to summarize, publish, and search local simulation data sets. Published data sets are accessible via static hypertext markup language (HTML) pages that summarize the simulation protocols and also display data analysis graphically. The publication process is customized via extensible markup language (XML) descriptors while the HTML summary template is customized through extensible stylesheet language (XSL). iBIOMES Lite was tested on different platforms and at several national computing centers using various data sets generated through classical and quantum molecular dynamics, quantum chemistry, and QM/MM. The associated parsers currently support AMBER, GROMACS, Gaussian, and NWChem data set publication. The code is available at https://github.com/jcvthibault/ibiomes. PMID:24830957

ALOHA: Automatic libraries of helicity amplitudes for Feynman diagram computations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Aquino, Priscila; Link, William; Maltoni, Fabio; Mattelaer, Olivier; Stelzer, Tim

2012-10-01

We present an application that automatically writes the HELAS (HELicity Amplitude Subroutines) library corresponding to the Feynman rules of any quantum field theory Lagrangian. The code is written in Python and takes the Universal FeynRules Output (UFO) as an input. From this input it produces the complete set of routines, wave-functions and amplitudes, that are needed for the computation of Feynman diagrams at leading as well as at higher orders. The representation is language independent and currently it can output routines in Fortran, C++, and Python. A few sample applications implemented in the MADGRAPH 5 framework are presented. Program summary Program title: ALOHA Catalogue identifier: AEMS_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMS_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/UoI-NCSA.php No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 6094320 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 7479819 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Python2.6 Computer: 32/64 bit Operating system: Linux/Mac/Windows RAM: 512 Mbytes Classification: 4.4, 11.6 Nature of problem: An effcient numerical evaluation of a squared matrix element can be done with the help of the helicity routines implemented in the HELAS library [1]. This static library contains a limited number of helicity functions and is therefore not always able to provide the needed routine in the presence of an arbitrary interaction. This program provides a way to automatically create the corresponding routines for any given model. Solution method: ALOHA takes the Feynman rules associated to the vertex obtained from the model information (in the UFO format [2]), and multiplies it by the different wavefunctions or propagators. As a result the analytical expression of the helicity routines is obtained. Subsequently, this expression is automatically written in the requested language (Python, Fortran or C++) Restrictions: The allowed fields are currently spin 0, 1/2, 1 and 2, and the propagators of these particles are canonical. Running time: A few seconds for the SM and the MSSM, and up to a few minutes for models with spin 2 particles. References: [1] Murayama, H. and Watanabe, I. and Hagiwara, K., HELAS: HELicity Amplitude Subroutines for Feynman diagram evaluations, KEK-91-11, (1992) http://www-lib.kek.jp/cgi-bin/img_index?199124011 [2] C. Degrande, C. Duhr, B. Fuks, D. Grellscheid, O. Mattelaer, et al., UFO— The Universal FeynRules Output, Comput. Phys. Commun. 183 (2012) 1201-1214. arXiv:1108.2040, doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2012.01.022.

Cognitive characteristics of learning Java, an object-oriented programming language

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, Garry Lynn

Industry and Academia are moving from procedural programming languages (e.g., COBOL) to object-oriented programming languages, such as Java for the Internet. Past studies in the cognitive aspects of programming have focused primarily on procedural programming languages. Some of the languages used have been Pascal, C, Basic, FORTAN, and COBOL. Object-oriented programming (OOP) represents a new paradigm for computing. Industry is finding that programmers are having difficulty shifting to this new programming paradigm. This instruction in OOP is currently starting in colleges and universities across the country. What are the cognitive aspects for this new OOP language Java? When is a student developmentally ready to handle the cognitive characteristics of the OOP language Java? Which cognitive teaching style is best for this OOP language Java? Questions such as the aforementioned are the focus of this research Such research is needed to improve understanding of the learning process and identify students' difficulties with OOP methods. This can enhance academic teaching and industry training (Scholtz, 1993; Sheetz, 1997; Rosson, 1990). Cognitive development as measured by the Propositional Logic Test, cognitive style as measured by the Hemispheric Mode Indicator, and physical hemispheric dominance as measured by a self-report survey were obtained from thirty-six university students studying Java programming. Findings reveal that physical hemispheric dominance is unrelated to cognitive and programming language variables. However, both procedural and object oriented programming require Piaget's formal operation cognitive level as indicated by the Propositional Logic Test. This is consistent with prior research A new finding is that object oriented programming also requires formal operation cognitive level. Another new finding is that object oriented programming appears to be unrelated to hemispheric cognitive style as indicated by the Hemispheric Mode Indicator (HMI). This research suggests that object oriented programming is hemispheric thinking style friendly, while procedural programming is left hemispheric cognitive style. The conclusion is that cognitive characteristics are not the cause for the difficulty in shifting from procedural to this new programming paradigm of object oriented programming. An alternative possibility to the difficulty is proactive interference. Prior learning of procedural programming makes it harder to learning object oriented programming. Further research is needed to determine if proactive interference is the cause for the difficulty in shifting from procedural programming to object oriented programming.

Application of fermionic marginal constraints to hybrid quantum algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubin, Nicholas C.; Babbush, Ryan; McClean, Jarrod

2018-05-01

Many quantum algorithms, including recently proposed hybrid classical/quantum algorithms, make use of restricted tomography of the quantum state that measures the reduced density matrices, or marginals, of the full state. The most straightforward approach to this algorithmic step estimates each component of the marginal independently without making use of the algebraic and geometric structure of the marginals. Within the field of quantum chemistry, this structure is termed the fermionic n-representability conditions, and is supported by a vast amount of literature on both theoretical and practical results related to their approximations. In this work, we introduce these conditions in the language of quantum computation, and utilize them to develop several techniques to accelerate and improve practical applications for quantum chemistry on quantum computers. As a general result, we demonstrate how these marginals concentrate to diagonal quantities when measured on random quantum states. We also show that one can use fermionic n-representability conditions to reduce the total number of measurements required by more than an order of magnitude for medium sized systems in chemistry. As a practical demonstration, we simulate an efficient restoration of the physicality of energy curves for the dilation of a four qubit diatomic hydrogen system in the presence of three distinct one qubit error channels, providing evidence these techniques are useful for pre-fault tolerant quantum chemistry experiments.

Performance analysis of quantum access network using code division multiple access model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Linxi; Yang, Can; He, Guangqiang

2017-06-01

Not Available Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61475099 and 61102053), the Program of State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices (Grant No. KF201405), the Open Fund of IPOC (BUPT) (Grant No. IPOC2015B004), and the Program of State Key Laboratory of Information Security (Grant No. 2016-MS-05).

1997 Report to the Congress on Ballistic Missile Defense.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-10-01

Infrared Arrays • Quantum Well Infrared Photodector (QWIP) Focal Plane Array (FPA) • Staring Si Impurity Band Conduction Extremely Sensitive Focal...to be flown on STRV lc/d include a Quantum Well Infrared Photometer (QWIP) sensor and a multifunctional compos- ite structure. The Space Technology...Peoples Republic of China Platinum Silicide Quick Reaction Program Quick Response Program Quantum Well Infrared Photometer Research and

A Proposal for a CA-Integrated English Language Teacher Education Program in Turkey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sert, Olcay

2010-01-01

This study proposes a comprehensive framework for a Conversation Analysis (CA) informed English language teacher education program in Turkey. By reviewing recent studies in CA, Critical Reflective Practice, Teacher Language Awareness and language teacher education in general; the author calls for a more effective language teacher education program…

Language Training for Trainable Mentally Retarded Children: ITPA, Peabody, and Distar Techniques.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leiss, Robert H.; Proger, Barton B.

To determine the most effective language training activities for trainable mentally retarded (TMR) children, the variables of degree of previous language training, IQ, Peabody language treatment program versus Distar language treatment program, pretest versus posttest, and sex were examined with 122 TMR Ss (7 to 14 years old). Results of the…

Language and Man: An Exploratory Foreign-Language Program for Grade Six.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartos, Marilyn; And Others

This curriculum guide presents a program introducing sixth-grade children to the study of language, of languages other than English, and specifically of French. An initial section includes a variety of activities designed to interest students in the study of language, its peculiarties, complexities, and importance in life. Prior to the first…

Teaching English as a Foreign Language in Primary School. Case Studies in TESOL Practice Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCloskey, Mary Lou, Ed.; Orr, Janet, Ed.; Dolitsky, Marlene, Ed.

2006-01-01

Although language specialists do not always agree about the best age at which to introduce English language instruction, policy changes are increasingly mandating earlier introduction of English in foreign language (EFL) settings worldwide. In this volume, language educators and program implementers from various countries describe programs and…

A Case Study of Dual Language Program Administrators: The Teachers We Need

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lachance, Joan R.

2017-01-01

In support of growing numbers of dual language programs nation-wide, dual language school administrators seek to find teachers who are specifically prepared to work with dual language learners for additive biliteracy. For this research the author utilized a case study design to explore practicing dual language administrators' perspectives…

Photonic Programmable Tele-Cloning Network.

PubMed

Li, Wei; Chen, Ming-Cheng

2016-06-29

The concept of quantum teleportation allows an unknown quantum states to be broadcasted and processed in a distributed quantum network. The quantum information injected into the network can be diluted to distant multi-copies by quantum cloning and processed by arbitrary quantum logic gates which were programed in advance in the network quantum state. A quantum network combines simultaneously these fundamental quantum functions could lead to new intriguing applications. Here we propose a photonic programmable telecloning network based on a four-photon interferometer. The photonic network serves as quantum gate, quantum cloning and quantum teleportation and features experimental advantage of high brightness by photon recycling.

Programming languages for circuit design.

PubMed

Pedersen, Michael; Yordanov, Boyan

2015-01-01

This chapter provides an overview of a programming language for Genetic Engineering of Cells (GEC). A GEC program specifies a genetic circuit at a high level of abstraction through constraints on otherwise unspecified DNA parts. The GEC compiler then selects parts which satisfy the constraints from a given parts database. GEC further provides more conventional programming language constructs for abstraction, e.g., through modularity. The GEC language and compiler is available through a Web tool which also provides functionality, e.g., for simulation of designed circuits.

76 FR 18538 - Applications for New Awards; National Professional Development Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-04

... DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION [CFDA 84.195N] Applications for New Awards; National Professional Development Program AGENCY: Office of English Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement, and Academic... Language Acquisition, Language Enhancement and Academic Achievement for Limited English Proficient Students...

A comparative study of programming languages for next-generation astrodynamics systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eichhorn, Helge; Cano, Juan Luis; McLean, Frazer; Anderl, Reiner

2018-03-01

Due to the computationally intensive nature of astrodynamics tasks, astrodynamicists have relied on compiled programming languages such as Fortran for the development of astrodynamics software. Interpreted languages such as Python, on the other hand, offer higher flexibility and development speed thereby increasing the productivity of the programmer. While interpreted languages are generally slower than compiled languages, recent developments such as just-in-time (JIT) compilers or transpilers have been able to close this speed gap significantly. Another important factor for the usefulness of a programming language is its wider ecosystem which consists of the available open-source packages and development tools such as integrated development environments or debuggers. This study compares three compiled languages and three interpreted languages, which were selected based on their popularity within the scientific programming community and technical merit. The three compiled candidate languages are Fortran, C++, and Java. Python, Matlab, and Julia were selected as the interpreted candidate languages. All six languages are assessed and compared to each other based on their features, performance, and ease-of-use through the implementation of idiomatic solutions to classical astrodynamics problems. We show that compiled languages still provide the best performance for astrodynamics applications, but JIT-compiled dynamic languages have reached a competitive level of speed and offer an attractive compromise between numerical performance and programmer productivity.

25 CFR 39.136 - What is the WSU for Language Development programs?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false What is the WSU for Language Development programs? 39.136 Section 39.136 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR EDUCATION THE INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.136 What is the WSU...

Standing Strong: Maloney Interdistrict Magnet School Japanese Language and Culture Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haxhi, Jessica; Yamashita-Iverson, Kazumi

2009-01-01

Maloney Interdistrict Magnet School (MIMS) is the only elementary school in Waterbury that has a world language program and is one of only two elementary Japanese programs in Connecticut. In the past 15 years, more than 1500 students have participated in its Japanese Language and Culture (JLC) Program in grades Prekindergarten through 5th. The JLC…

Pre-Service Teachers' Uses of and Barriers from Adopting Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Samani, Ebrahim; Baki, Roselan; Razali, Abu Bakar

2014-01-01

Success in implementation of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs depends on the teachers' understanding of the roles of CALL programs in education. Consequently, it is also important to understand the barriers teachers face in the use of computer-assisted language learning (CALL) programs. The current study was conducted on 14…

How the strengths of Lisp-family languages facilitate building complex and flexible bioinformatics applications.

PubMed

Khomtchouk, Bohdan B; Weitz, Edmund; Karp, Peter D; Wahlestedt, Claes

2018-05-01

We present a rationale for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Put simply, Lisp-family languages enable programmers to more quickly write programs that run faster than in other languages. Languages such as Common Lisp, Scheme and Clojure facilitate the creation of powerful and flexible software that is required for complex and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming languages, and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSLs): languages that are specialized to a particular area, and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the 'programmable programming language'. We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and artificial intelligence research in bioinformatics and computational biology.

Adding Concrete Syntax to a Prolog-Based Program Synthesis System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fischer, Bernd; Visser, Eelco

2004-01-01

Program generation and transformation systems work on two language levels, the object-level (i e., the language of the manipulated programs), and the meta-level (i.e., the implementation language of the system itself). The meta-level representations of object-level program fragments are usually built in an essentially syntax-free fashion using the operations provided by the meta-language. However, syntax matters and a large conceptual distance between the two languages makes it difficult to maintain and extend such systems. Here we describe how an existing Prolog-based system can gradually be retrofitted with concrete object-level syntax, thus shrinking this distance.

Advanced software development workstation. Engineering scripting language graphical editor: DRAFT design document

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The Engineering Scripting Language (ESL) is a language designed to allow nonprogramming users to write Higher Order Language (HOL) programs by drawing directed graphs to represent the program and having the system generate the corresponding program in HOL. The ESL system supports user generation of HOL programs through the manipulation of directed graphs. The components of this graphs (nodes, ports, and connectors) are objects each of which has its own properties and property values. The purpose of the ESL graphical editor is to allow the user to create or edit graph objects which represent programs.

An experimental comparative analyse between three low capacity PLCs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Popa, G. N.; Diniş, C. M.; lagăr, A.; Popa, I.

2017-01-01

PLCs are used increasingly more often in industrial applications and beyond. PLCs from different companies involved different programming languages. Some of the PLCs can be programmed in all languages, while others do not. For three types of PLCs was made an application for a traffic light with priority. PLCs usually have a general and a special set of instructions that only some of these are found from a PLC to another. Programs were made with specific instruction set of respectively PLC. The programs were carried out in three languages. For a case study, it makes a comparative analysis between three programming languages.

A programmable optimization environment using the GAMESS-US and MERLIN/MCL packages. Applications on intermolecular interaction energies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalatzis, Fanis G.; Papageorgiou, Dimitrios G.; Demetropoulos, Ioannis N.

2006-09-01

The Merlin/MCL optimization environment and the GAMESS-US package were combined so as to offer an extended and efficient quantum chemistry optimization system, capable of implementing complex optimization strategies for generic molecular modeling problems. A communication and data exchange interface was established between the two packages exploiting all Merlin features such as multiple optimizers, box constraints, user extensions and a high level programming language. An important feature of the interface is its ability to perform dimer computations by eliminating the basis set superposition error using the counterpoise (CP) method of Boys and Bernardi. Furthermore it offers CP-corrected geometry optimizations using analytic derivatives. The unified optimization environment was applied to construct portions of the intermolecular potential energy surface of the weakly bound H-bonded complex C 6H 6-H 2O by utilizing the high level Merlin Control Language. The H-bonded dimer HF-H 2O was also studied by CP-corrected geometry optimization. The ab initio electronic structure energies were calculated using the 6-31G ** basis set at the Restricted Hartree-Fock and second-order Moller-Plesset levels, while all geometry optimizations were carried out using a quasi-Newton algorithm provided by Merlin. Program summaryTitle of program: MERGAM Catalogue identifier:ADYB_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/ADYB_v1_0 Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University of Belfast, N. Ireland Computer for which the program is designed and others on which it has been tested: The program is designed for machines running the UNIX operating system. It has been tested on the following architectures: IA32 (Linux with gcc/g77 v.3.2.3), AMD64 (Linux with the Portland group compilers v.6.0), SUN64 (SunOS 5.8 with the Sun Workshop compilers v.5.2) and SGI64 (IRIX 6.5 with the MIPSpro compilers v.7.4) Installations: University of Ioannina, Greece Operating systems or monitors under which the program has been tested: UNIX Programming language used: ANSI C, ANSI Fortran-77 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.:11 282 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 49 458 Distribution format: tar.gz Memory required to execute with typical data: Memory requirements mainly depend on the selection of a GAMESS-US basis set and the number of atoms No. of bits in a word: 32 No. of processors used: 1 Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: no Nature of physical problem: Multidimensional geometry optimization is of great importance in any ab initio calculation since it usually is one of the most CPU-intensive tasks, especially on large molecular systems. For example, the geometric and energetic description of van der Waals and weakly bound H-bonded complexes requires the construction of related important portions of the multidimensional intermolecular potential energy surface (IPES). So the various held views about the nature of these bonds can be quantitatively tested. Method of solution: The Merlin/MCL optimization environment was interconnected with the GAMESS-US package to facilitate geometry optimization in quantum chemistry problems. The important portions of the IPES require the capability to program optimization strategies. The Merlin/MCL environment was used for the implementation of such strategies. In this work, a CP-corrected geometry optimization was performed on the HF-H 2O complex and an MCL program was developed to study portions of the potential energy surface of the C 6H 6-H 2O complex. Restrictions on the complexity of the problem: The Merlin optimization environment and the GAMESS-US package must be installed. The MERGAM interface requires GAMESS-US input files that have been constructed in Cartesian coordinates. This restriction occurs from a design-time requirement to not allow reorientation of atomic coordinates; this rule holds always true when applying the COORD = UNIQUE keyword in a GAMESS-US input file. Typical running time: It depends on the size of the molecular system, the size of the basis set and the method of electron correlation. Execution of the test run took approximately 5 min on a 2.8 GHz Intel Pentium CPU.

Runtime Verification of C Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Havelund, Klaus

2008-01-01

We present in this paper a framework, RMOR, for monitoring the execution of C programs against state machines, expressed in a textual (nongraphical) format in files separate from the program. The state machine language has been inspired by a graphical state machine language RCAT recently developed at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, as an alternative to using Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) for requirements capture. Transitions between states are labeled with abstract event names and Boolean expressions over such. The abstract events are connected to code fragments using an aspect-oriented pointcut language similar to ASPECTJ's or ASPECTC's pointcut language. The system is implemented in the C analysis and transformation package CIL, and is programmed in OCAML, the implementation language of CIL. The work is closely related to the notion of stateful aspects within aspect-oriented programming, where pointcut languages are extended with temporal assertions over the execution trace.

Processing sequence annotation data using the Lua programming language.

PubMed

Ueno, Yutaka; Arita, Masanori; Kumagai, Toshitaka; Asai, Kiyoshi

2003-01-01

The data processing language in a graphical software tool that manages sequence annotation data from genome databases should provide flexible functions for the tasks in molecular biology research. Among currently available languages we adopted the Lua programming language. It fulfills our requirements to perform computational tasks for sequence map layouts, i.e. the handling of data containers, symbolic reference to data, and a simple programming syntax. Upon importing a foreign file, the original data are first decomposed in the Lua language while maintaining the original data schema. The converted data are parsed by the Lua interpreter and the contents are stored in our data warehouse. Then, portions of annotations are selected and arranged into our catalog format to be depicted on the sequence map. Our sequence visualization program was successfully implemented, embedding the Lua language for processing of annotation data and layout script. The program is available at http://staff.aist.go.jp/yutaka.ueno/guppy/.

CrasyDSE: A framework for solving Dyson–Schwinger equations☆

PubMed Central

Huber, Markus Q.; Mitter, Mario

2012-01-01

Dyson–Schwinger equations are important tools for non-perturbative analyses of quantum field theories. For example, they are very useful for investigations in quantum chromodynamics and related theories. However, sometimes progress is impeded by the complexity of the equations. Thus automating parts of the calculations will certainly be helpful in future investigations. In this article we present a framework for such an automation based on a C++ code that can deal with a large number of Green functions. Since also the creation of the expressions for the integrals of the Dyson–Schwinger equations needs to be automated, we defer this task to a Mathematica notebook. We illustrate the complete workflow with an example from Yang–Mills theory coupled to a fundamental scalar field that has been investigated recently. As a second example we calculate the propagators of pure Yang–Mills theory. Our code can serve as a basis for many further investigations where the equations are too complicated to tackle by hand. It also can easily be combined with DoFun, a program for the derivation of Dyson–Schwinger equations.1 Program summary Program title: CrasyDSE Catalogue identifier: AEMY _v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 49030 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 303958 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica 8 and higher, C++. Computer: All on which Mathematica and C++ are available. Operating system: All on which Mathematica and C++ are available (Windows, Unix, Mac OS). Classification: 11.1, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6. Nature of problem: Solve (large) systems of Dyson–Schwinger equations numerically. Solution method: Create C++ functions in Mathematica to be used for the numeric code in C++. This code uses structures to handle large numbers of Green functions. Unusual features: Provides a tool to convert Mathematica expressions into C++ expressions including conversion of function names. Running time: Depending on the complexity of the investigated system solving the equations numerically can take seconds on a desktop PC to hours on a cluster. PMID:25540463

A Maxwell-Schrödinger solver for quantum optical few-level systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fleischhaker, Robert; Evers, Jörg

2011-03-01

The msprop program presented in this work is capable of solving the Maxwell-Schrödinger equations for one or several laser fields propagating through a medium of quantum optical few-level systems in one spatial dimension and in time. In particular, it allows to numerically treat systems in which a laser field interacts with the medium with both its electric and magnetic component at the same time. The internal dynamics of the few-level system is modeled by a quantum optical master equation which includes coherent processes due to optical transitions driven by the laser fields as well as incoherent processes due to decay and dephasing. The propagation dynamics of the laser fields is treated in slowly varying envelope approximation resulting in a first order wave equation for each laser field envelope function. The program employs an Adams predictor formula second order in time to integrate the quantum optical master equation and a Lax-Wendroff scheme second order in space and time to evolve the wave equations for the fields. The source function in the Lax-Wendroff scheme is specifically adapted to allow taking into account the simultaneous coupling of a laser field to the polarization and the magnetization of the medium. To reduce execution time, a customized data structure is implemented and explained. In three examples the features of the program are demonstrated and the treatment of a system with a phase-dependent cross coupling of the electric and magnetic field component of a laser field is shown. Program summaryProgram title: msprop Catalogue identifier: AEHR_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEHR_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 507 625 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 10 698 552 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C (C99 standard), Mathematica, bash script, gnuplot script Computer: Tested on x86 architecture Operating system: Unix/Linux environment RAM: Less than 30 MB Classification: 2.5 External routines: Standard C math library, accompanying bash script uses gnuplot, bc (basic calculator), and convert (ImageMagick) Nature of problem: We consider a system of quantum optical few-level atoms exposed to several near-resonant continuous-wave or pulsed laser fields. The complexity of the problem arises from the combination of the coherent and incoherent time evolution of the atoms and its dependence on the spatially varying fields. In systems with a coupling to the electric and magnetic field component the simultaneous treatment of both field components poses an additional challenge. Studying the system dynamics requires solving the quantum optical master equation coupled to the wave equations governing the spatio-temporal dynamics of the fields [1,2]. Solution method: We numerically integrate the equations of motion using a second order Adams predictor method for the time evolution of the atomic density matrix and a second order Lax-Wendroff scheme for iterating the fields in space [3]. For the Lax-Wendroff scheme, the source function is adapted such that a simultaneous coupling to the polarization and the magnetization of the medium can be taken into account. Restrictions: The evolution of the fields is treated in slowly varying envelope approximation [2] such that variations of the fields in space and time must be on a scale larger than the wavelength and the optical cycle. Propagation is restricted to the forward direction and to one dimension. Concerning the description of the atomic system, only a finite number of basis states can be treated and the laser-driven transitions have to be near-resonant such that the rotating-wave approximation can be applied [2]. Unusual features: The program allows the dipole interaction of both the electric and the magnetic component of a laser field to be taken into account at the same time. Thus, a system with a phase-dependent cross coupling of electric and magnetic field component can be treated (see Section 4.2 and [4]). Concerning the implementation of the data structure, it has been optimized for faster memory access. Compared to using standard memory allocation methods, shorter run times are achieved (see Section 3.2). Additional comments: Three examples are given. They each include a readme file, a Mathematica notebook to generate the C-code form of the quantum optical master equation, a parameter file, a bash script which runs the program and converts the numerical data into a movie, two gnuplot scripts, and all files that are produced by running the bash script. Running time: For the first two examples the running time is less than a minute, the third example takes about 12 minutes. On a Pentium 4 (3 GHz) system, a rough estimate can be made with a value of 1 second per million grid points and per field variable.

Interfacing External Quantum Devices to a Universal Quantum Computer

PubMed Central

Lagana, Antonio A.; Lohe, Max A.; von Smekal, Lorenz

2011-01-01

We present a scheme to use external quantum devices using the universal quantum computer previously constructed. We thereby show how the universal quantum computer can utilize networked quantum information resources to carry out local computations. Such information may come from specialized quantum devices or even from remote universal quantum computers. We show how to accomplish this by devising universal quantum computer programs that implement well known oracle based quantum algorithms, namely the Deutsch, Deutsch-Jozsa, and the Grover algorithms using external black-box quantum oracle devices. In the process, we demonstrate a method to map existing quantum algorithms onto the universal quantum computer. PMID:22216276

Interfacing external quantum devices to a universal quantum computer.

PubMed

Lagana, Antonio A; Lohe, Max A; von Smekal, Lorenz

2011-01-01

We present a scheme to use external quantum devices using the universal quantum computer previously constructed. We thereby show how the universal quantum computer can utilize networked quantum information resources to carry out local computations. Such information may come from specialized quantum devices or even from remote universal quantum computers. We show how to accomplish this by devising universal quantum computer programs that implement well known oracle based quantum algorithms, namely the Deutsch, Deutsch-Jozsa, and the Grover algorithms using external black-box quantum oracle devices. In the process, we demonstrate a method to map existing quantum algorithms onto the universal quantum computer. © 2011 Lagana et al.

Quantum Optics in Diamond Nanophotonic Chips

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

quantum cryptography , quantum teleportation, quantum computation. Springer-Verlag, London, UK, 2000. 8 [3] J. I. Cirac, P. Zoller, H. J. Kimble, and...AFRL-OSR-VA-TR-2014-0188 Quantum Optics in Diamond Nanophotonic Chips Dirk Englund THE TRUSTEES OF COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK INC...Progress Report Program Manager: Dr. Gernot Pomrenke Quantum Optics in Diamond Nanophotonic Chips AFOSR Directorate: Physics and Electronics Research

Exploring the Synergy between Science Literacy and Language Literacy with English Language Learners: Lessons Learned within a Sustained Professional Development Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carrejo, David J.; Reinhartz, Judy

2012-01-01

Thirty-five elementary teachers participated in a yearlong professional development (PD) program whose goal was to foster science content learning while promoting language literacy for English Language Learners (ELL). The researchers utilized an explanatory design methodology to determine the degree to which science and language literacy…

Exploring the US Language Flagship Program: Professional Competence in a Second Language by Graduation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Murphy, Dianna, Ed.; Evans-Romaine, Karen, Ed.

2016-01-01

A number of reports in the US have highlighted the country's need for improved second language skills for both national security and economic competitiveness. The Language Flagship program, launched in 2002, aims to raise expectations regarding language proficiency levels at the post-secondary level and to address structural gaps in the curricula…

Language Arts for Today's Children. NCTE Curriculum Series, Volume Two.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council of Teachers of English, Champaign, IL. Commission on the English Curriculum.

This volume on elementary language programs is divided into four related parts. Part 1 discusses the sources of any effective language program: an understanding of the child's need for language, a knowledge of child development, and an awareness of the continuity essential to growth in language. Part 2 treats the main areas of the language…

English-as-a-Second-Language Programs in Basic Skills Education Program 1

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

languages and English as a second language . These theories and findings have led, in turn, to the development of new methods for teaching languages ...INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING TECHNIQUES FOR ENGLISH AS A SECOND LANGUAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . 9 Introduction ............................. 9 Traditional Methods ...instruments. q8 . _. ,’,..8 4% .’ II. A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO TEACHING TECHNIQUES FOR ENGLISH

Staff Report to the Senior Department Official on Recognition Compliance Issues. Recommendation Page: American Speech-Language-Hearing Association

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association, Council on Academic Accreditation in Audiology and Speech-Language Pathology (CAA) is a national accrediting agency of graduate education programs in audiology or speech-language pathology. The CAA currently accredits or or preaccredits 319 programs (247 in speech-language pathology and 72 in…

A North and Far North Queensland Initiative: Rethinking the "Why" When Promoting Languages Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boulard, Florence

2015-01-01

Despite the recent Australian Government commitment to supporting schools in growing students into global citizens, language educators cannot rely on this alone to attract new language students. The Young Language Ambassador Program is a new initiative that started in August 2014. The Young Language Ambassador Program is a partnership between…

Evaluation of the Quantum Opportunities Program (QOP). Did the Program Work? A Report on the Post Secondary Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of the QOP Program (1989-1993).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hahn, Andrew; And Others

The Quantum Opportunities Project (QOP) was a multisite youth development demonstration project funded by the Ford Foundation in San Antonio (Texas), Philadelphia (Pennsylvania), Milwaukee (Wisconsin), Saginaw (Michigan), and Oklahoma City (Oklahoma). The programs, organized around educational activities, guaranteed up to 250 hours of education,…

A Computer Language at the Crossroads: Logo.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thornburg, David D.

1986-01-01

Reviews Logo programming language's developmental history, including Papert's vision, creation of LISP, and evolution of Logo from LISP; discusses reasons for Logo not becoming a commonplace programming language; describes Logo program design and its utility for serious programmers; and lists sources of further information on Logo. (MBR)

A Compiler and Run-time System for Network Programming Languages

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

A Compiler and Run-time System for Network Programming Languages Christopher Monsanto Princeton University Nate Foster Cornell University Rob...Foster, R. Harrison, M. Freedman, C. Monsanto , J. Rexford, A. Story, and D. Walker. Frenetic: A network programming language. In ICFP, Sep 2011. [10] A

Ada--Programming Language of the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudd, David

1983-01-01

Ada is a programing language developed for the Department of Defense, with a registered trademark. It was named for Ada Augusta, coworker of Charles Babbage and the world's first programer. The Department of Defense hopes to prevent variations and to establish Ada as a consistent, standardized language. (MNS)

Introduction to Foreign Languages and Cultures: A New Course to Stimulate Second Language Learning in the Public Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watkins, Stephen A.

1978-01-01

Olympic View Middle School has established a program designed to stimulate interest in foreign languages and cultures. The course is intended as an introduction to foreign language and culture study, and is required for all 7th and 8th grade students. Program 1 of the course is taught during one semester of 7th grade, Program 2 during one semester…

Annotated Bibliography of Materials for Elementary Foreign Language Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dobb, Fred

An annotated bibliography contains about 70 citations of instructional materials and materials concerning curriculum development for elementary school foreign language programs. Citations are included for Arabic, classical languages, French, German, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, and Spanish. Items on exploratory language courses and general works on…

Complexity Bounds for Quantum Computation

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-22

Programs Trustees of Boston University Boston, MA 02215 - Complexity Bounds for Quantum Computation REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 18. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION...Complexity Bounds for Quantum Comp[utation Report Title ABSTRACT This project focused on upper and lower bounds for quantum computability using constant...classical computation models, particularly emphasizing new examples of where quantum circuits are more powerful than their classical counterparts. A second

Peterson's Summer Study Abroad: A Guide to Summer Academic and Language Programs. First Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peterson's Guides, Inc., Princeton, NJ.

This guide provides descriptions of over 900 summer academic and language study-abroad programs in 80 countries that range from 1-week language study courses to full-summer university programs. An introductory section provides general information on study abroad programs and the use of the guide. The bulk of the guide consists of individual…

Scheduling language and algorithm development study. Volume 1: Study summary and overview

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

A high level computer programming language and a program library were developed to be used in writing programs for scheduling complex systems such as the space transportation system. The objectives and requirements of the study are summarized and unique features of the specified language and program library are described and related to the why of the objectives and requirements.

Photonic Programmable Tele-Cloning Network

PubMed Central

Li, Wei; Chen, Ming-Cheng

2016-01-01

The concept of quantum teleportation allows an unknown quantum states to be broadcasted and processed in a distributed quantum network. The quantum information injected into the network can be diluted to distant multi-copies by quantum cloning and processed by arbitrary quantum logic gates which were programed in advance in the network quantum state. A quantum network combines simultaneously these fundamental quantum functions could lead to new intriguing applications. Here we propose a photonic programmable telecloning network based on a four-photon interferometer. The photonic network serves as quantum gate, quantum cloning and quantum teleportation and features experimental advantage of high brightness by photon recycling. PMID:27353838

Presurgical language fMRI: Clinical practices and patient outcomes in epilepsy surgical planning.

PubMed

Benjamin, Christopher F A; Li, Alexa X; Blumenfeld, Hal; Constable, R Todd; Alkawadri, Rafeed; Bickel, Stephan; Helmstaedter, Christoph; Meletti, Stefano; Bronen, Richard; Warfield, Simon K; Peters, Jurriaan M; Reutens, David; Połczyńska, Monika; Spencer, Dennis D; Hirsch, Lawrence J

2018-03-12

The goal of this study was to document current clinical practice and report patient outcomes in presurgical language functional MRI (fMRI) for epilepsy surgery. Epilepsy surgical programs worldwide were surveyed as to the utility, implementation, and efficacy of language fMRI in the clinic; 82 programs responded. Respondents were predominantly US (61%) academic programs (85%), and evaluated adults (44%), adults and children (40%), or children only (16%). Nearly all (96%) reported using language fMRI. Surprisingly, fMRI is used to guide surgical margins (44% of programs) as well as lateralize language (100%). Sites using fMRI for localization most often use a distance margin around activation of 10mm. While considered useful, 56% of programs reported at least one instance of disagreement with other measures. Direct brain stimulation typically confirmed fMRI findings (74%) when guiding margins, but instances of unpredicted decline were reported by 17% of programs and 54% reported unexpected preservation of function. Programs reporting unexpected decline did not clearly differ from those which did not. Clinicians using fMRI to guide surgical margins do not typically map known language-critical areas beyond Broca's and Wernicke's. This initial data shows many clinical teams are confident using fMRI not only for language lateralization but also to guide surgical margins. Reported cases of unexpected language preservation when fMRI activation is resected, and cases of language decline when it is not, emphasize a critical need for further validation. Comprehensive studies comparing commonly-used fMRI paradigms to predict stimulation mapping and post-surgical language decline remain of high importance. © 2018 The Authors Human Brain Mapping Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

PILOT: A Programming Language for Beginners.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schnorr, Janice M.

The presentation describes PILOT (Programmed Inquiry, Learning or Teaching), a special programing language easy for beginners to learn and available for several brands of microcomputers. PILOT is explained to contain substantially fewer commands than most other languages and to be written in an easy to understand manner. Edit commands and their…

An Analysis of Published Preschool Language Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartlett, Elsa Jaffe

For purposes of analysis, preschool language programs can be sorted into four general categories according to the dominant type of learning activity (1) Pattern practice, (2) Cognitive verbalization, (3) Discussion, (4) Role play. Along with definitions of language, the program types differ in the kinds of interactions which occur between teacher…

The Language & International Trade Program at Clemson University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suarez, Jose I.

Clemson University (South Carolina) has developed an undergraduate Language and International Trade program designed to train students to meet the needs of American firms doing business overseas. Program aims are that graduates know one foreign language, be attuned to cultural differences, have a business training foundation, and have experience…

77 FR 72832 - Applications for New Awards; Native American and Alaska Native Children in School Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-06

... School Program AGENCY: Office of English Language Acquisition, Department of Education. Overview... participation in language instruction educational programs. Projects funded under the Native American and Alaska... Act of 1965, as amended (ESEA), may support the teaching and studying of Native American languages...

Incidental Foreign-Language Acquisition by Children Watching Subtitled Television Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ina, Lekkai

2014-01-01

Series of international studies have shown that subtitled television programs provide a rich context for foreign language acquisition. This study investigated whether incidental language acquisition occurs from watching a television program with/without subtitles. Children in the experimental conditions watch: (a) a 15 minute snapshot of a well…

Using Problem Solving to Teach a Programming Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milbrandt, George

1995-01-01

Computer studies courses should incorporate as many computer concepts and programming language experiences as possible. A gradual increase in problem difficulty will help the student to understand various computer concepts, and the programming language's syntax and structure. A sidebar provides two examples of how to establish a learning…

A Program for Reading and Language Development. An Adopter's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carter, Nancy Hay

"Project SAILS" (Symbolic and Innovative Language Systems) is a special program developed by the Portland, Oregon, public schools for training teachers to work with children who have learning and reading difficulties. Teachers are instructed in the use of the Monterey Reading and Language Programs, highly structured and highly…

Professional Development Programs and English Language Instructors: A Critical-Postmodern Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arikan, Arda

2004-01-01

In this completed qualitative dissertation research, the nature of the relationship between professional development programs (in-service training programs) and English language instructors was studied with a critical postmodern lense focusing on the narratives of nine English language instructors on their experiences in their professional…

Professional Development Programs and English Language Instructors: A Critical-Postmodern Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arikan, Arda

2004-01-01

In this completed qualitative dissertation research, the nature of the relationship between professional development programs (in-service training programs) and English language instructors was studied with a critical postmodern lens focusing on the narratives of nine English language instructors on their experiences in their professional…

Closing the Gap Between Specification and Programming: VDM++ and SCALA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Havelund, Klaus

2011-01-01

We argue that a modern programming language such as Scala offers a level of succinctness, which makes it suitable for program and systems specification as well as for high-level programming. We illustrate this by comparing the language with the Vdm++ specification language. The comparison also identifies areas where Scala perhaps could be improved, inspired by Vdm++. We furthermore illustrate Scala's potential as a specification language by augmenting it with a combination of parameterized state machines and temporal logic, defined as a library, thereby forming an expressive but simple runtime verification framework.

An Analysis of Application Generators.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-03-01

query language OUEL in the programming language C, THESEUS [20], which embeds relational operators in the language Euclid. Schmidt [21] reports some...34The Design and Implementation of INGRES," ACM-TODS, Vol. 1. No. 3, 1976,. 33 £ 20. Shopiro,J.E., " THESEUS -A Programming Language for Relational

Colorado Model Content Standards: Foreign Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Colorado State Dept. of Education, Denver.

The model course content standards for foreign language instruction in Colorado's public schools, K-12, provide guidelines, not curriculum, for school districts to design language programs. An introductory section presents some basic considerations in program design. The two general standards for foreign language performance are that: (1) students…

Bilingualism and Special Education: Program and Pedagogical Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cummins, Jim

1983-01-01

Application of the research-based principle that first and second language cognitive and academic development are interdependent and that language acquisition is largely dependent on students receiving sufficient comprehensible input in the target language is discussed in reference to program planning for academically at risk language minority…

Towards programming languages for genetic engineering of living cells

PubMed Central

Pedersen, Michael; Phillips, Andrew

2009-01-01

Synthetic biology aims at producing novel biological systems to carry out some desired and well-defined functions. An ultimate dream is to design these systems at a high level of abstraction using engineering-based tools and programming languages, press a button, and have the design translated to DNA sequences that can be synthesized and put to work in living cells. We introduce such a programming language, which allows logical interactions between potentially undetermined proteins and genes to be expressed in a modular manner. Programs can be translated by a compiler into sequences of standard biological parts, a process that relies on logic programming and prototype databases that contain known biological parts and protein interactions. Programs can also be translated to reactions, allowing simulations to be carried out. While current limitations on available data prevent full use of the language in practical applications, the language can be used to develop formal models of synthetic systems, which are otherwise often presented by informal notations. The language can also serve as a concrete proposal on which future language designs can be discussed, and can help to guide the emerging standard of biological parts which so far has focused on biological, rather than logical, properties of parts. PMID:19369220

Towards programming languages for genetic engineering of living cells.

PubMed

Pedersen, Michael; Phillips, Andrew

2009-08-06

Synthetic biology aims at producing novel biological systems to carry out some desired and well-defined functions. An ultimate dream is to design these systems at a high level of abstraction using engineering-based tools and programming languages, press a button, and have the design translated to DNA sequences that can be synthesized and put to work in living cells. We introduce such a programming language, which allows logical interactions between potentially undetermined proteins and genes to be expressed in a modular manner. Programs can be translated by a compiler into sequences of standard biological parts, a process that relies on logic programming and prototype databases that contain known biological parts and protein interactions. Programs can also be translated to reactions, allowing simulations to be carried out. While current limitations on available data prevent full use of the language in practical applications, the language can be used to develop formal models of synthetic systems, which are otherwise often presented by informal notations. The language can also serve as a concrete proposal on which future language designs can be discussed, and can help to guide the emerging standard of biological parts which so far has focused on biological, rather than logical, properties of parts.

Quantum corrections for the cubic Galileon in the covariant language

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saltas, Ippocratis D.; Vitagliano, Vincenzo, E-mail: isaltas@fc.ul.pt, E-mail: vincenzo.vitagliano@ist.utl.pt

We present for the first time an explicit exposition of quantum corrections within the cubic Galileon theory including the effect of quantum gravity, in a background- and gauge-invariant manner, employing the field-reparametrisation approach of the covariant effective action at 1-loop. We show that the consideration of gravitational effects in combination with the non-linear derivative structure of the theory reveals new interactions at the perturbative level, which manifest themselves as higher-operators in the associated effective action, which' relevance is controlled by appropriate ratios of the cosmological vacuum and the Galileon mass scale. The significance and concept of the covariant approach inmore » this context is discussed, while all calculations are explicitly presented.« less

How the strengths of Lisp-family languages facilitate building complex and flexible bioinformatics applications

PubMed Central

Khomtchouk, Bohdan B; Weitz, Edmund; Karp, Peter D; Wahlestedt, Claes

2018-01-01

Abstract We present a rationale for expanding the presence of the Lisp family of programming languages in bioinformatics and computational biology research. Put simply, Lisp-family languages enable programmers to more quickly write programs that run faster than in other languages. Languages such as Common Lisp, Scheme and Clojure facilitate the creation of powerful and flexible software that is required for complex and rapidly evolving domains like biology. We will point out several important key features that distinguish languages of the Lisp family from other programming languages, and we will explain how these features can aid researchers in becoming more productive and creating better code. We will also show how these features make these languages ideal tools for artificial intelligence and machine learning applications. We will specifically stress the advantages of domain-specific languages (DSLs): languages that are specialized to a particular area, and thus not only facilitate easier research problem formulation, but also aid in the establishment of standards and best programming practices as applied to the specific research field at hand. DSLs are particularly easy to build in Common Lisp, the most comprehensive Lisp dialect, which is commonly referred to as the ‘programmable programming language’. We are convinced that Lisp grants programmers unprecedented power to build increasingly sophisticated artificial intelligence systems that may ultimately transform machine learning and artificial intelligence research in bioinformatics and computational biology. PMID:28040748

The impact of threshold language assistance programming on the accessibility of mental health services for persons with limited English proficiency in the Medi-Cal setting.

PubMed

McClellan, Sean R; Wu, Frances M; Snowden, Lonnie R

2012-06-01

Title VI of the 1964 Civil Rights Act prohibits federal funds recipients from providing care to limited English proficiency (LEP) persons more limited in scope or lower in quality than care provided to others. In 1999, the California Department of Mental Health implemented a "threshold language access policy" to meet its Title VI obligations. Under this policy, Medi-Cal agencies must provide language assistance programming in a non-English language where a county's Medical population contains either 3000 residents or 5% speakers of that language. We examine the impact of threshold language policy-required language assistance programming on LEP persons' access to mental health services by analyzing the county-level penetration rate of services for Russian, Spanish, and Vietnamese speakers across 34 California counties, over 10 years of quarterly data. Exploiting a time series with nonequivalent control group study design, we studied this phenomena using linear regression with random county effects to account for trends over time. Threshold language policy-required assistance programming led to an immediate and significant increase in the penetration rate of mental health services for Russian (8.2, P < 0.01) and Vietnamese (3.3, P < 0.01) language speaking persons. Threshold language assistance programming was effective in increasing mental health access for Russian and Vietnamese, but not for Spanish-speaking LEP persons.

Research on Electrically Driven Single Photon Emitter by Diamond for Quantum Cryptography

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-24

by diamond for quantum cryptography 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA2386-14-1-4037 5b. GRANT NUMBE R Grant 14IOA093_144037 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT...emerged as a highly competitive platform for applications in quantum cryptography , quantum computing, spintronics, and sensing or metrology...15. SUBJECT TERMS Diamond LED, Nitrogen Vacancy Complex, Quantum Computing, Quantum Cryptography , Single Spin Single Photon 16. SECURITY

The Rhythm of Language: Fostering Oral and Listening Skills in Singapore Pre-School Children through an Integrated Music and Language Arts Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gan, Linda; Chong, Sylvia

1998-01-01

Examined the effectiveness of a year-long integrated language and music program (the Expressive Language and Music Project) to enhance Singaporean kindergartners' English oral-language competency. Found that the natural communicative setting and creative use of resources and activities based on the Orff and Kodaly approaches facilitated language…

Cost/Benefit Evaluation of Three English Language Training Programs for Potential Navy Use.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swope, William M.; And Others

As part of its plans to recruit Hispanic personnel who speak English as a second language, the U.S. Navy will have to provide English language training as well as technical training to prepare these personnel for fleet duty. A cost/benefit analysis was conducted of three English language training programs: the English Technical Language School…

16th Russian Youth Conference on Physics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Opto- and Nanoelectronics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suris, Robert A.; Vorobjev, Leonid E.; Firsov, Dmitry A.

2015-01-01

The 16th Russian Youth Conference on Physics of Semiconductors and Nanostructures, Opto- and Nanoelectronics was held on November 24 - 28 at St. Petersburg Polytechnic University. The program of the Conference included semiconductor technology, heterostructures with quantum wells and quantum dots, opto- and nanoelectronic devices, and new materials. A large number of participants with about 200 attendees from many regions of Russia provided a perfect platform for the valuable discussions between students and experienced scientists. The Conference included two invited talks given by a corresponding member of RAS P.S. Kopyev ("Nitrides: the 4th Nobel Prize on semiconductor heterostructures") and Dr. A.V. Ivanchik ("XXI century is the era of precision cosmology"). Students, graduate and postgraduate students presented their results on plenary and poster sessions. The total number of accepted papers published in Russian (the official conference language) was 92. Here we publish 18 of them in English. Like previous years, the participants were involved in the competition for the best report. Certificates and cash prizes were awarded to a number of participants for the presentations selected by the Program Committee. Two special E.F. Gross Prizes were given for the best presentations in semiconductor optics. Works with potential applications were recommended for participation in the following competition for support from the Russian Foundation for Assistance to Small Innovative Enterprises in Science and Technology. The Conference was supported by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research, the "Dynasty" foundation and the innovation company "ATC - Semiconductor Devices", St. Petersburg. The official Conference website is http://www.semicond.spbstu.ru/conf2014-eng.html

UTChem - A Program for Ab Initio Quantum Chemistry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yanai, Takeshi; Nakano, Haruyuki; Nakajima, Takahito

2003-06-18

UTChem is a quantum chemistry software developed by Hirao's group at the University of Tokyo. UTChem is a research product of our work to develop new and better theoretical methods in quantum chemistry.

An Elementary Language Culture Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stones, Valerie

A five-year course sequence focusing on the relationship of language and culture in world history is described. The program, beginning in grade 3, prepares students for later study of foreign and classical languages, develops English language skills, and cultivates general cultural interest. At the first level, students are introduced to some…

Leadership Practice in Elementary School Dual Language Programs: A Collective Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Monroy, Joanie K.

2012-01-01

Research in effective programming for English language learners has demonstrated the efficacy of dual language education as a model for closing persistent achievement gaps for this growing population of students. With goals of high academic achievement, linguistic proficiency in two languages, and cross-cultural proficiency, dual language…

Foreign Language Writing Fellows Programs: A Model for Improving Advanced Writing Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Snyder, Delys Waite; Nielson, Rex P.; Kurzer, Kendon

2016-01-01

Within the growing field of scholarly literature on foreign language (FL) writing pedagogy, few studies have addressed pedagogical questions regarding the teaching of writing to advanced language learners. Writing fellows peer tutoring programs, although typically associated with first language writing instruction, likely can benefit and support…

Setting Evidence-Based Language Goals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goertler, Senta; Kraemer, Angelika; Schenker, Theresa

2016-01-01

The purpose of this project was to identify target language benchmarks for the German program at Michigan State University (MSU) based on national and international guidelines and previous research, to assess language skills across course levels and class sections in the entire German program, and to adjust the language benchmarks as needed based…

Language Arts Program Guide, K-12.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawaii State Dept. of Education, Honolulu. Office of Instructional Services.

Intended for use by administrators, teachers, and district and state personnel, this guide provides a framework for Hawaii's kindergarten through grade 12 language arts program. Various sections of the guide contain (1) a statement of beliefs concerning the nature of language, language and learning, the student, and the school climate; (2) program…

Programming Languages, Natural Languages, and Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Naur, Peter

1975-01-01

Analogies are drawn between the social aspects of programming and similar aspects of mathematics and natural languages. By analogy with the history of auxiliary languages it is suggested that Fortran and Cobol will remain dominant. (Available from the Association of Computing Machinery, 1133 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10036.) (Author/TL)

Computer-Assisted Language Learning: Current Programs and Projects. ERIC Digest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgins, Chris

For many years, foreign language teachers have used the computer to provide supplemental exercises in the instruction of foreign languages. In recent years, advances in computer technology have motivated teachers to reassess the computer and consider it a valuable part of daily foreign language learning. Innovative software programs, authoring…

The English Language Learner Program Survey for Principals. REL 2014-027

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grady, Matthew W.; O'Dwyer, Laura M.

2014-01-01

REL Northeast & Islands at Education Development Center, in partnership with the English Language Learners Alliance, has developed a new survey tool--The English Language Learner Program Survey for Principals--to help state education departments collect consistent data on the education of English language learner students. Designed for school…

CrasyDSE: A framework for solving Dyson-Schwinger equations.

PubMed

Huber, Markus Q; Mitter, Mario

2012-11-01

Dyson-Schwinger equations are important tools for non-perturbative analyses of quantum field theories. For example, they are very useful for investigations in quantum chromodynamics and related theories. However, sometimes progress is impeded by the complexity of the equations. Thus automating parts of the calculations will certainly be helpful in future investigations. In this article we present a framework for such an automation based on a C++ code that can deal with a large number of Green functions. Since also the creation of the expressions for the integrals of the Dyson-Schwinger equations needs to be automated, we defer this task to a Mathematica notebook. We illustrate the complete workflow with an example from Yang-Mills theory coupled to a fundamental scalar field that has been investigated recently. As a second example we calculate the propagators of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our code can serve as a basis for many further investigations where the equations are too complicated to tackle by hand. It also can easily be combined with DoFun , a program for the derivation of Dyson-Schwinger equations. Program title : CrasyDSE Catalogue identifier : AEMY _v1_0 Program summary URL : http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEMY_v1_0.html Program obtainable from : CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions : Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc. : 49030 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc. : 303958 Distribution format : tar.gz Programming language : Mathematica 8 and higher, C++ . Computer : All on which Mathematica and C++ are available. Operating system : All on which Mathematica and C++ are available (Windows, Unix, Mac OS). Classification : 11.1, 11.4, 11.5, 11.6. Nature of problem : Solve (large) systems of Dyson-Schwinger equations numerically. Solution method : Create C++ functions in Mathematica to be used for the numeric code in C++ . This code uses structures to handle large numbers of Green functions. Unusual features : Provides a tool to convert Mathematica expressions into C++ expressions including conversion of function names. Running time : Depending on the complexity of the investigated system solving the equations numerically can take seconds on a desktop PC to hours on a cluster.

A Programming Language Environment for the Unassisted Learner.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, P. G.; Ince, D. C.

1982-01-01

Describes the computing environment and command language for a new programing language called OUSBASIC which is designed to enable naive users to interact usefully, with little assistance, with a computer system. (Author/CHC)

Association of mandated language access programming and quality of care provided by mental health agencies.

PubMed

McClellan, Sean R; Snowden, Lonnie

2015-01-01

This study examined the association between language access programming and quality of psychiatric care received by persons with limited English proficiency (LEP). In 1999, the California Department of Mental Health required county Medicaid agencies to implement a "threshold language access policy" to meet the state's Title VI obligations. This policy required Medi-Cal agencies to provide language access programming, including access to interpreters and translated written material, to speakers of languages other than English if the language was spoken by at least 3,000, or 5%, of the county's Medicaid population. Using a longitudinal study design with a nonequivalent control group, this study examined the quality of care provided to Spanish speakers with LEP and a severe mental illness before and after implementation of mandatory language access programming. Quality was measured by receipt of at least two follow-up medication visits within 90 days or three visits within 180 days of an initial medication visit over a period of 38 quarter-years. On average, only 40% of Spanish-speaking clients received at least three medication follow-up visits within 180 days. In multivariate analyses, language access programming was not associated with receipt of at least two medication follow-up visits within 90 days or at least three visits within 180 days. This study found no evidence that language access programming led to increased rates of follow-up medication visits for clients with LEP.

The Grammatical Universe and the Laws of Thermodynamics and Quantum Entanglement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marcer, Peter J.; Rowlands, Peter

2010-11-24

The universal nilpotent computational rewrite system (UNCRS) is shown to formalize an irreversible process of evolution in conformity with the First, Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics, in terms of a single algebraic creation operator (ikE+ip+jm) which delivers the whole quantum mechanical language apparatus, where k, i, j are quaternions units and E, p, m are energy, momentum and rest mass. This nilpotent evolution describes 'a dynamic zero totality universe' in terms of its fermion states (each of which, by Pauli exclusion, is unique and nonzero), where, together with their boson interactions, these define physics at the fundamental level. (Themore » UNCRS implies that the inseparability of objects and fields in the quantum universe is based on the fact that the only valid mathematical representations are all automorphisms of the universe itself, and that this is the mathematical meaning of quantum entanglement. It thus appears that the nilpotent fermion states are in fact what is called the splitting field in Quantum Mechanics of the Galois group which leads to the roots of the corresponding algebraic equation, and concerns in this case the alternating group of even permutations which are themselves automorphisms). In the nilpotent evolutionary process: (i) the Quantum Carnot Engine (QCE) extended model of thermodynamic irreversibility, consisting of a single heat bath of an ensemble of Standard Model elementary particles, retains a small amount of quantum coherence / entanglement, so as to constitute new emergent fermion states of matter, and (ii) the metric (E{sup 2}-p{sup 2}m{sup 2}) = 0 ensures the First Law of the conservation of energy operates at each nilpotent stage, so that (iii) prior to each creation (and implied corresponding annihilation / conserve operation), E and m can be postulated to constitute dark energy and matter respectively. It says that the natural language form of the rewrite grammar of the evolution consists of the well known precepts of the Laws of Thermodynamics, formalized by the UNCRS regress, so as to become (as UNCRS rewrites already published at CASYS), firstly the Quantum Laws of Physics in the form of the generalized Dirac equation and later at higher stages of QCE ensemble complexity, the Laws of Life in the form of Nature's (DNA / RNA genetic) Code and then subsequently those of Intelligence and Consciousness (Nature's Rules).« less

Real-Time MENTAT programming language and architecture

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grimshaw, Andrew S.; Silberman, Ami; Liu, Jane W. S.

1989-01-01

Real-time MENTAT, a programming environment designed to simplify the task of programming real-time applications in distributed and parallel environments, is described. It is based on the same data-driven computation model and object-oriented programming paradigm as MENTAT. It provides an easy-to-use mechanism to exploit parallelism, language constructs for the expression and enforcement of timing constraints, and run-time support for scheduling and exciting real-time programs. The real-time MENTAT programming language is an extended C++. The extensions are added to facilitate automatic detection of data flow and generation of data flow graphs, to express the timing constraints of individual granules of computation, and to provide scheduling directives for the runtime system. A high-level view of the real-time MENTAT system architecture and programming language constructs is provided.

Ada Linear-Algebra Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Klumpp, A. R.; Lawson, C. L.

1988-01-01

Routines provided for common scalar, vector, matrix, and quaternion operations. Computer program extends Ada programming language to include linear-algebra capabilities similar to HAS/S programming language. Designed for such avionics applications as software for Space Station.

Quantification and Formalization of Security

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

Quantification of Information Flow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 2.4 Language Semantics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46...system behavior observed by users holding low clearances. This policy, or a variant of it, is enforced by many pro- gramming language -based mechanisms...illustrates with a particular programming language (while-programs plus probabilistic choice). The model is extended in §2.5 to programs in which

US Directory of Foreign Language Education Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grosse, Christine Uber

The preparation of a directory of foreign language education programs was a response to the lack of an information source for location or curricular content of programs in foreign language pedagogy, and followed the lead of other associations in the United States and abroad in compiling such information. Despite having developed guidelines for…

Language and Culture Immersion: A Winning Enterprise.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cormier, Raymond

A second language program developed at Wilson College (Chambersburg, Pennsylvania) with a federal grant uses the Rassias Method of theatrical, dramatic language saturation. In the first application of the program at the college, peer tutors (who would be assistant teachers in the subsequent immersion program) were trained in a three-day workshop.…

Nociones de la programacion de lenguas extranjeras; Ensayo metodologico (II) (Notions on Programed Instruction in Foreign Languages; Methodological Essay II)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldman, David

1975-01-01

This paper discusses the prerequisites to programed language instruction, the role of the native language and the level of skill, and then explains materials and machines needed for such a program. Particular attention is given to phonetics. (Text is in Spanish.) (CK)

The Relationships among Group Size, Participation, and Performance of Programming Language Learning Supported with Online Forums

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaw, Ruey-Shiang

2013-01-01

This study examined the relationships among group size, participation, and learning performance factors when learning a programming language in a computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL) context. An online forum was used as the CSCL environment for learning the Microsoft ASP.NET programming language. The collaborative-learning experiment…

Supporting Caregivers in Developing Responsive Communication Partnerships with Their Children: Extending a Caregiver-Led Interactive Language Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cologon, Kathy; Wicks, Lilly; Salvador, Aliza

2017-01-01

This study investigates whether extension of a caregiver-led interactive language program may enhance its effectiveness in supporting communication. Caregiver-led language programs, which focus on establishing responsive interaction patterns to support opportunities for communication between caregivers and young children within natural settings,…

Guide to Conducting a Language Immersion/Homestay Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drysdale, Susan; Killelea, Frances

This handbook, designed to assist foreign language teachers in planning and executing a language immersion/homestay program for their students, is based on a successful program in Switzerland undertaken by Northport (New York) High School French teachers in 1980. The material is presented in three parts: (1) preparation of the exchange, including…

Impact of Augmented Reality on Programming Language Learning: Efficiency and Perception

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teng, Chin-Hung; Chen, Jr-Yi; Chen, Zhi-Hong

2018-01-01

Although the learning of programming language is critical in science and technology education, it might be difficult for some students, especially novices. One possible reason might be the fact that programming language, especially for three-dimensional (3D) applications, is too complex and abstract for these students to understand. Programming…

Master Program in Foreign Language Education at New York University Steinhardt (US)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ikonnikova, Maryna

2016-01-01

The article deals with master program in foreign language education at New York University Steinhardt (US). Thus, its peculiarities have been revealed. It has been defined that the study program presupposes mastering of foreign language teaching approaches that meet various needs of learners. It has been indicated that students acquire the…

Evaluative Case Study on the Efficacy of the ELPS Program in Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perez, Malia Ann

2013-01-01

The English Language Proficiency Standards (ELPS) program was developed to address the need to effectively integrate second language acquisition with quality content area instruction. English language learners (ELLs) have struggled on standardized tests and there has been little empirical evidence regarding the impact of the ELPS program on…

34 CFR 657.1 - What is the Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... institutions of higher education, to students who are— (a) Enrolled for undergraduate or graduate training in a... foreign language training or training in a program for which performance-based modern foreign language... Fellowships Program? 657.1 Section 657.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education...

34 CFR 657.1 - What is the Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... institutions of higher education, to students who are— (a) Enrolled for undergraduate or graduate training in a... foreign language training or training in a program for which performance-based modern foreign language... Fellowships Program? 657.1 Section 657.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education...

34 CFR 657.1 - What is the Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... institutions of higher education, to students who are— (a) Enrolled for undergraduate or graduate training in a... foreign language training or training in a program for which performance-based modern foreign language... Fellowships Program? 657.1 Section 657.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education...

34 CFR 657.1 - What is the Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... institutions of higher education, to students who are— (a) Enrolled for undergraduate or graduate training in a... foreign language training or training in a program for which performance-based modern foreign language... Fellowships Program? 657.1 Section 657.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education...

34 CFR 657.1 - What is the Foreign Language and Area Studies Fellowships Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... institutions of higher education, to students who are— (a) Enrolled for undergraduate or graduate training in a... foreign language training or training in a program for which performance-based modern foreign language... Fellowships Program? 657.1 Section 657.1 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education...

Requirements for Programming Languages in Computer-Based Instructional Systems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zinn, Karl

The author reviews the instructional programing languages which already exist and describes their methods of presentation, organization, and preparation. He recommends that all research and development projects remain flexible in their choice of programing language for a time yet. He suggests ways to adapt to specific uses and users, to exploit…

Project HAPI (Handicapped Achievement Program Improvement): Assessment plus Intervention equal I.E.P. A Handbook on How To Write an Individualized Education Program for Severe Disorders of Language, Including Aphasia and Other Speech-Language Handicapped (Communication Disorders). Book One.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chapman, Jean

The first of five handbooks developed by Project HAPI (Handicapped Achievement Program Improvement), a multimedia staff development program to help teachers and specialists write effective individualized education programs (IEPs), is in looseleaf workbook format and focuses on children with severe disorders of language, including aphasia and other…

Quantum Stat Mech in a Programmable Spin Chain of Trapped Ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monroe, Christopher

2017-04-01

Trapped atomic ions are a versatile and very clean platform for the quantum programming of interacting spin models and the study of quantum nonequilibrium phenomena. When spin-dependent optical dipole forces are applied to a collection of trapped ions, an effective long-range quantum magnetic interaction arises, with reconfigurable and tunable graphs. Following earlier work on many-body spectroscopy and quench dynamics, we have recently studied many body non-thermalization processes in this system. Frustrated Hamiltonian dynamics can lead to prethermalization, and by adding programmable disorder between the sites, we have observed the phenomenon of many body localization (MBL). Finally, by applying a periodically driven Floquet Hamiltonian tempered by MBL, we report the observation of a discrete ``time crystal'' in the stable appearance of a subharmonic response of the system to the periodic drive. This work is supported by the ARO Atomic Physics Program, the AFOSR MURI on Quantum Measurement and Verification, the IARPA LogiQ Program, and the NSF Physics Frontier Center at JQI.

Polarized electron beams elastically scattered by atoms as a tool for testing fundamental predictions of quantum mechanics.

PubMed

Dapor, Maurizio

2018-03-29

Quantum information theory deals with quantum noise in order to protect physical quantum bits (qubits) from its effects. A single electron is an emblematic example of a qubit, and today it is possible to experimentally produce polarized ensembles of electrons. In this paper, the theory of the polarization of electron beams elastically scattered by atoms is briefly summarized. Then the POLARe program suite, a set of computer programs aimed at the calculation of the spin-polarization parameters of electron beams elastically interacting with atomic targets, is described. Selected results of the program concerning Ar, Kr, and Xe atoms are presented together with the comparison with experimental data about the Sherman function for low kinetic energy of the incident electrons (1.5eV-350eV). It is demonstrated that the quantum-relativistic theory of the polarization of electron beams elastically scattered by atoms is in good agreement with experimental data down to energies smaller than a few eV.

A Comparison of Inter-Professional Education Programs in Preparing Prospective Teachers and Speech and Language Pathologists for Collaborative Language-Literacy Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Leanne; McNeill, Brigid; Gillon, Gail T.

2016-01-01

Ensuring teacher and speech and language pathology graduates are prepared to work collaboratively together to meet the diverse language literacy learning needs of children is an important goal. This study investigated the efficacy of a 3-h inter-professional education program focused on explicit instruction in the language skills that underpin…

Implementing Task-Based Language Teaching to Integrate Language Skills in an EFL Program at a Colombian University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Córdoba Zúñiga, Eulices

2016-01-01

This article reports the findings of a qualitative research study conducted with six first semester students of an English as a foreign language program in a public university in Colombia. The aim of the study was to implement task-based language teaching as a way to integrate language skills and help learners to improve their communicative…

A progress report on a NASA research program for embedded computer systems software

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Foudriat, E. C.; Senn, E. H.; Will, R. W.; Straeter, T. A.

1979-01-01

The paper presents the results of the second stage of the Multipurpose User-oriented Software Technology (MUST) program. Four primary areas of activities are discussed: programming environment, HAL/S higher-order programming language support, the Integrated Verification and Testing System (IVTS), and distributed system language research. The software development environment is provided by the interactive software invocation system. The higher-order programming language (HOL) support chosen for consideration is HAL/S mainly because at the time it was one of the few HOLs with flight computer experience and it is the language used on the Shuttle program. The overall purpose of IVTS is to provide a 'user-friendly' software testing system which is highly modular, user controlled, and cooperative in nature.

L3 Interactive Data Language

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hohn, Michael; Adams, Paul

2006-09-05

The L3 system is a computational steering environment for image processing and scientific computing. It consists of an interactive graphical language and interface. Its purpose is to help advanced users in controlling their computational software and assist in the management of data accumulated during numerical experiments. L3 provides a combination of features not found in other environments; these are: - textual and graphical construction of programs - persistence of programs and associated data - direct mapping between the scripts, the parameters, and the produced data - implicit hierarchial data organization - full programmability, including conditionals and functions - incremental executionmore » of programs The software includes the l3 language and the graphical environment. The language is a single-assignment functional language; the implementation consists of lexer, parser, interpreter, storage handler, and editing support, The graphical environment is an event-driven nested list viewer/editor providing graphical elements corresponding to the language. These elements are both the represenation of a users program and active interfaces to the values computed by that program.« less

The Role of Linguistics and Linguistic Analysis in Programs under Title VI of the National Defense Education Act of 1958: A Statement by the Committee on Language Programs, American Council of Learned Societies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carroll, John B.; And Others

Concentrating on five ways in which foreign language teaching can be aided by linguistic science, the Committee on Language Programs, established by the American Council of Learned Societies, expresses its support of the National Defense Education Act of 1958, Title VI; and the Language Development Section of the Department of Health, Education,…

The Impact of Vietnam's Globalization on National Education Policies and Teacher Training Programs for Teachers of English as an International Language: A Case Study of the University of Pedagogy in Ho Chi Minh City

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lam, Tri Ly

2011-01-01

The Problem: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of Vietnam's globalization on national language education policies and teacher training programs for teachers of English to speakers of other languages. Specifically, this research explored the extent to which the new policies for English language training programs adopted by the…

Numerical simulation of NQR/NMR: Applications in quantum computing.

PubMed

Possa, Denimar; Gaudio, Anderson C; Freitas, Jair C C

2011-04-01

A numerical simulation program able to simulate nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) as well as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments is presented, written using the Mathematica package, aiming especially applications in quantum computing. The program makes use of the interaction picture to compute the effect of the relevant nuclear spin interactions, without any assumption about the relative size of each interaction. This makes the program flexible and versatile, being useful in a wide range of experimental situations, going from NQR (at zero or under small applied magnetic field) to high-field NMR experiments. Some conditions specifically required for quantum computing applications are implemented in the program, such as the possibility of use of elliptically polarized radiofrequency and the inclusion of first- and second-order terms in the average Hamiltonian expansion. A number of examples dealing with simple NQR and quadrupole-perturbed NMR experiments are presented, along with the proposal of experiments to create quantum pseudopure states and logic gates using NQR. The program and the various application examples are freely available through the link http://www.profanderson.net/files/nmr_nqr.php. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Evaluation of English Language Development Programs in the Santa Ana Unified School District. A Report on Data System Reliability and Statistical Modeling of Program Impacts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Douglas E.; Destino, Tom; Karam, Rita

In response to concern about the effectiveness of programs for English-as-a-Second-Language students in California's schools, the Santa Ana Unified School District, in which over 80 percent of students are limited-English-proficient (LEP) conducted a study of both the operations and effectiveness of the district's language development program,…

"Doing Good" in Italian through Student Community Engagement: The Benefits of Language Placements

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bouvet, Eric; Cosmini, Daniela; Palaktsoglou, Maria; Vanzo, Lynn

2017-01-01

This article discusses a community engagement pilot program for language students offered at Flinders University. For a number of years, the "Language in Action" program has provided placement opportunities for language students in a range of community settings such as aged-care agencies and cultural associations. From an educational…

25 CFR 39.133 - Who decides how Language Development funds can be used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.133 Who decides how Language Development funds can be used? Tribal governing bodies or local school... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Who decides how Language Development funds can be used...

Responding to the Diversity of Chinese Language Learners in Australian Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scrimgeour, Andrew

2014-01-01

Until recently Chinese language learning in Australian primary and junior secondary schools has been characterised by programs primarily designed for second language learners who have had no prior knowledge of or exposure to Chinese language. Participation in such programs by Australian-born children who speak Putonghua (Mandarin) or another…

Commercial Language, Business Economics, and the Liberal Arts Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sell, John W.; And Others

A program at the College of Wooster (Ohio) in commercial language and international business is described. The program was undertaken with private funds and within the context of a traditional liberal arts college. It has three main curricular goals: (1) additional training of language instructors for language courses that would include the…

Nociones de la programacion de lenguas extranjeras: ensayo metodologico (Notions on the Programming of Foreign Languages: Methodological Experiment)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldman, David

1975-01-01

Presents a computerized program for foreign language learning giving drills for all the major language skills. The drills are followed by an extensive bibliography of documents in some way dealing with computer based instruction, particularly foreign language instruction. (Text is in Spanish.) (TL)

Foreign Language Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palandra, Maria

2008-01-01

As interest in the study of foreign languages grows, more and more school and district leaders will be charged with the responsibility of establishing a language program. Some of the questions that they will need to answer include: What language and what model should be selected? How could another program be inserted in a school day already…

African Language Instruction at the University of Wisconsin: A HEA Title VI-Funded Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kuntz, Patricia S.

This paper describes the evolution of African language instruction at the University of Wisconsin, examining how faculty and staff have utilized state and federal funding to promote the national capacity in African language proficiency. Six sections describe the program's evolution: "Language Instruction at Wisconsin"; "Origins of…

25 CFR 39.133 - Who decides how Language Development funds can be used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.133 Who decides how Language Development funds can be used? Tribal governing bodies or local school boards decide... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Who decides how Language Development funds can be used? 39...

25 CFR 39.133 - Who decides how Language Development funds can be used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.133 Who decides how Language Development funds can be used? Tribal governing bodies or local school... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Who decides how Language Development funds can be used...

25 CFR 39.133 - Who decides how Language Development funds can be used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.133 Who decides how Language Development funds can be used? Tribal governing bodies or local school... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Who decides how Language Development funds can be used...

25 CFR 39.133 - Who decides how Language Development funds can be used?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Who decides how Language Development funds can be used... INDIAN SCHOOL EQUALIZATION PROGRAM Indian School Equalization Formula Language Development Programs § 39.133 Who decides how Language Development funds can be used? Tribal governing bodies or local school...

Research in Second Language Studies at Michigan State University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Benjamin; , Fei, Fei; Russell, Marthe

2009-01-01

The Second Language Studies (SLS) Program was established in 2005 with the express purpose of providing "a firm foundation in the field of Second Language Acquisition and its application to current second language research and teaching" (http://sls.msu.edu). Under the leadership of Professor Susan Gass, the program has grown to include…

Language and Ethnicity: Multiple Literacies in Context, Language Education in Guatemala

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Helmberger, Janet L.

2006-01-01

This study focuses on the research literature available in the United States on the evolution of language policy and planning issues involved in bilingual education programs in Mayan communities in Guatemala. I begin with general comments regarding language policy and planning for bilingual programs for ethnic groups within the borders of…

Handbook for Classroom Testing in Peace Corps Language Programs. Manual T0068.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Neil J.

This manual provides instructors in Peace Corps language training programs with information about two kinds of classroom testing: formative, ongoing testing and summative testing that occurs at the end of an instructional period. The first of the manual's four chapters on the purposes of language testing, discusses language testing within a…

Computer Languages: A Practical Guide to the Chief Programming Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanderson, Peter C.

All the most commonly-used high-level computer languages are discussed in this book. An introductory discussion provides an overview of the basic components of a digital computer, the general planning of a computer programing problem, and the various types of computer languages. Each chapter is self-contained, emphasizes those features of a…

BASIC, Logo, and Pilot: A Comparison of Three Computer Languages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maddux, Cleborne D.; Cummings, Rhoda E.

1985-01-01

Following a brief history of Logo, BASIC, and Pilot programing languages, common educational programing tasks (input from keyboard, evaluation of keyboard input, and computation) are presented in each language to illustrate how each can be used to perform the same tasks and to demonstrate each language's strengths and weaknesses. (MBR)

The Marketing of the Business Language Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morello, Joseph G.

The University of Rhode Island, through the cooperation of its College of Business Administration and Department of Languages, has undertaken efforts to market its business language program. The target group consists of the incoming freshman class, all of whom must have completed 2 years of high school language study and do some college work in a…

Investigating the Relationship between Iranian EFL Teachers' Autonomy and Their Neuro-Linguistic Programming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hosseinzadeh, Ehsan; Baradaran, Abdollah

2015-01-01

The present study was an attempt to investigate the relationship between English Language Teachers' autonomy and their Neuro-linguistic Programming (NLP). To this end, a group of 200 experienced English language teachers at various language schools in Tehran, inter alia, Asre Zaban Language Academy, were given two questionnaires namely Teaching…

When technology became language: the origins of the linguistic conception of computer programming, 1950-1960.

PubMed

Nofre, David; Priestley, Mark; Alberts, Gerard

2014-01-01

Language is one of the central metaphors around which the discipline of computer science has been built. The language metaphor entered modern computing as part of a cybernetic discourse, but during the second half of the 1950s acquired a more abstract meaning, closely related to the formal languages of logic and linguistics. The article argues that this transformation was related to the appearance of the commercial computer in the mid-1950s. Managers of computing installations and specialists on computer programming in academic computer centers, confronted with an increasing variety of machines, called for the creation of "common" or "universal languages" to enable the migration of computer code from machine to machine. Finally, the article shows how the idea of a universal language was a decisive step in the emergence of programming languages, in the recognition of computer programming as a proper field of knowledge, and eventually in the way we think of the computer.

Do cognitive, language, or physical impairments affect participation in a trial of self-management programs for stroke?

PubMed

Cadilhac, Dominique A; Kilkenny, Monique F; Srikanth, Velandai; Lindley, Richard I; Lalor, Erin; Osborne, Richard H; Batterbsy, Malcolm

2016-01-01

Research studies may have limited generalizability when survivors of stroke with physical, language, or cognitive impairments are excluded. To assess whether presence of cognitive, language, or global impairments affects participation in self-management programs. Stroke survivors were recruited in South Australia from seven hospitals or via advertisements into a randomized controlled trial (1:1:1 ratio) of a Stroke Self-Management Program, the Stanford chronic condition self-management program, or standard care. Impairment status was measured using: Cognistat (cognition), Frenchay Aphasia assessment (language), modified Rankin Score (mRS; where score 3-5 = global disability). participation (i.e. booked, accessed, and completed a program (defined as attending ≥ 50% of sessions)) and safety (i.e. adverse events). Outcomes were compared by impairment status. Among 315 people screened 143/149 eligible were randomized (median age 71 years; 41% male; with impairments: 62% cognitive, 34% language, 64% global disability). Participation did not differ by cognitive or language impairment status (cognitive 75%, no cognitive 68%, p = 0.54; language 78%, no language 69%, p = 0.42). However, participation did vary by global impairment status (global disability 61%, no disability 96%, p < 0.001). Participants with cognitive impairment experienced more adverse events (severe n = 9 versus no cognitive impairment n = 1). Survivors of stroke with cognitive, language, or global impairments are able to participate in self-management programs and should be included in these types of research studies or programs. Reduced participation by those with global disability and the possibility of more adverse events in people with cognitive impairments needs to be considered. © 2016 World Stroke Organization.

Algorithm Building and Learning Programming Languages Using a New Educational Paradigm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jain, Anshul K.; Singhal, Manik; Gupta, Manu Sheel

2011-08-01

This research paper presents a new concept of using a single tool to associate syntax of various programming languages, algorithms and basic coding techniques. A simple framework has been programmed in Python that helps students learn skills to develop algorithms, and implement them in various programming languages. The tool provides an innovative and a unified graphical user interface for development of multimedia objects, educational games and applications. It also aids collaborative learning amongst students and teachers through an integrated mechanism based on Remote Procedure Calls. The paper also elucidates an innovative method for code generation to enable students to learn the basics of programming languages using drag-n-drop methods for image objects.

COmmunications and Networking with QUantum operationally Secure Technology for Maritime Deployment (CONQUEST)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-02

Quantum Computing , University of Waterloo, Waterloo ON, N2L 3G1, Canada (Dated: December 1, 2016) Continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD...Networking with QUantum operationally-Secure Technology for Maritime Deployment (CONQUEST) Contract Period of Performance: 2 September 2016 – 1 September...this letter or have any other questions. Sincerely, Raytheon BBN Technologies Kathryn Carson Program Manager Quantum Information Processing

Approximation of Quantum Stochastic Differential Equations for Input-Output Model Reduction

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-02-25

Approximation of Quantum Stochastic Differential Equations for Input-Output Model Reduction We have completed a short program of theoretical research...on dimensional reduction and approximation of models based on quantum stochastic differential equations. Our primary results lie in the area of...2211 quantum probability, quantum stochastic differential equations REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S REPORT NUMBER(S) 10. SPONSOR

Efficient implementation of the continuous-time hybridization expansion quantum impurity solver

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hafermann, Hartmut; Werner, Philipp; Gull, Emanuel

2013-04-01

Strongly correlated quantum impurity problems appear in a wide variety of contexts ranging from nanoscience and surface physics to material science and the theory of strongly correlated lattice models, where they appear as auxiliary systems within dynamical mean-field theory. Accurate and unbiased solutions must usually be obtained numerically, and continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithms, a family of algorithms based on the stochastic sampling of partition function expansions, perform well for such systems. With the present paper we provide an efficient and generic implementation of the hybridization expansion quantum impurity solver, based on the segment representation. We provide a complete implementation featuring most of the recently developed extensions and optimizations. Our implementation allows one to treat retarded interactions and provides generalized measurement routines based on improved estimators for the self-energy and for vertex functions. The solver is embedded in the ALPS-DMFT application package. Catalogue identifier: AEOL_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOL_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Use of the hybridization expansion impurity solvers requires citation of this paper. Use of any ALPS program requires citation of the ALPS [1] paper. No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 650044 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 20553265 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++/Python. Computer: Desktop PC, high-performance computers. Operating system: Unix, Linux, OSX, Windows. Has the code been vectorized or parallelized?: Yes, MPI parallelized. RAM: 1 GB Classification: 7.3. External routines: ALPS [1, 2, 3], BLAS [4, 5], LAPACK [6], HDF5 [7] Nature of problem: Quantum impurity models were originally introduced to describe a magnetic transition metal ion in a non-magnetic host metal. They are widely used today. In nanoscience they serve as representations of quantum dots and molecular conductors. In condensed matter physics, they are playing an increasingly important role in the description of strongly correlated electron materials, where the complicated many-body problem is mapped onto an auxiliary quantum impurity model in the context of dynamical mean-field theory, and its cluster and diagrammatic extensions. They still constitutes a non-trivial many-body problem, which takes into account the (possibly retarded) interaction between electrons occupying the impurity site. Electrons are allowed to dynamically hop on and off the impurity site, which is described by a time-dependent hybridization function. Solution method: The quantum impurity model is solved using a continuous-time quantum Monte Carlo algorithm which is based on a perturbation expansion of the partition function in the impurity-bath hybridization. Monte Carlo configurations are represented as segments on the imaginary time interval and individual terms correspond to Feynman diagrams which are stochastically sampled to all orders using a Metropolis algorithm. For a detailed review on the method, we refer the reader to [8]. Running time: 1-8 h. B. Bauer, L. D. Carr, H. G. Evertz, A. Feiguin, J. Freire, S. Fuchs, L. Gamper, J. Gukelberger, E. Gull, S. Guertler, A. Hehn, R. Igarashi, S. V. Isakov, D. Koop, P. N. Ma, P. Mates, H. Matsuo, O. Parcollet, G. Pawlowski, J. D. Picon, L. Pollet, E. Santos, V. W. Scarola, U. Schollwöck, C. Silva, B. Surer, S. Todo, S. Trebst, M. Troyer, M. L. Wall, P. Werner and S. Wessel, Journal of Statistical Mechanics: Theory and Experiment 2011, P05001 (2011). F. Alet, P. Dayal, A. Grzesik, A. Honecker, M. Körner, A. Läuchli, S. R. Manmana, I. P. McCulloch, F. Michel, R. M. Noack, G. Schmid, U. Schollwöck, F. Stöckli, S. Todo, S. Trebst, M. Troyer, P. Werner, S. Wessel, J. Phys. Soc. Japan 74S (2005) 30. A. Albuquerque, F. Alet, P. Corboz, P. Dayal, A. Feiguin, S. Fuchs, L. Gamper, E. Gull, S. Gürtler, A. Honecker, R. Igarashi, M. Körner, A. Kozhevnikov, A. Láuchli, S. Manmana, M. Matsumoto, I. McCulloch, F. Michel, R. Noack, G. Pawlowski, L. Pollet, T. Pruschke, U. Schollwöck, S. Todo, S. Trebst, M. Troyer, P. Werner and S. Wessel, J. Magn. Magn. Mater. 310, 1187 (2007), proceedings of the 17th International Conference on Magnetism The International Conference on Magnetism. C. L. Lawson, R. J. Hanson, D. R. Kincaid, and F. T. Krogh, ACM Transactions on Mathematical Software 5, 324 (1979). L. S. Blackford, J. Demmel, I. Du, G. Henry, M. Heroux, L. Kaufman, A. Lumsdaine, A. Petitet, and R. C. Whaley, ACM Trans. Math. Softw. 28, 135 (2002). E. Anderson, Z. Bai, C. Bischof, S. Blackford, J. Demmel, J. Dongarra, J. Du Croz, A. Greenbaum, S. Hammarling, A. McKenney, and D. Sorensen, LAPACK Users’ Guide, 3rd ed. (Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Philadelphia, PA, 1999). The HDF Group, Hierarchical data format version 5, http://www.hdfgroup.org/HDF5 (2000-2010). E. Gull, A. J. Millis, A. I. Lichtenstein, A. N. Rubtsov, M. Troyer and P. Werner, Rev. Mod. Phys. 83, 349 (2011).

Ada style guide (version 1.1)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seidewitz, Edwin V.; Agresti, William; Ferry, Daniel; Lavallee, David; Maresca, Paul; Nelson, Robert; Quimby, Kelvin; Rosenberg, Jacob; Roy, Daniel; Shell, Allyn

1987-01-01

Ada is a programming language of considerable expressive power. The Ada Language Reference Manual provides a thorough definition of the language. However, it does not offer sufficient guidance on the appropriate use of Ada's powerful features. For this reason, the Goddard Space Flight Center Ada User's Group has produced this style guide which addresses such program style issues. The guide covers three areas of Ada program style: the structural decomposition of a program; the coding and the use of specific Ada features; and the textural formatting of a program.

Towards an agent-oriented programming language based on Scala

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mitrović, Dejan; Ivanović, Mirjana; Budimac, Zoran

2012-09-01

Scala and its multi-threaded model based on actors represent an excellent framework for developing purely reactive agents. This paper presents an early research on extending Scala with declarative programming constructs, which would result in a new agent-oriented programming language suitable for developing more advanced, BDI agent architectures. The main advantage the new language over many other existing solutions for programming BDI agents is a natural and straightforward integration of imperative and declarative programming constructs, fitted under a single development framework.

Using a visual programming language to bridge the cognitive gap between a novice's mental model and program code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Bryan J.

Current research suggests that many students do not know how to program very well at the conclusion of their introductory programming course. We believe that a reason novices have such difficulties learning programming is because engineering novices often learn through a lecture format where someone with programming knowledge lectures to novices, the novices attempt to absorb the content, and then reproduce it during exams. By primarily appealing to programming novices who prefer to understand visually, we research whether programming novices understand programming better if computer science concepts are presented using a visual programming language than if these programs are presented using a text-based programming language. This method builds upon previous research that suggests that most engineering students are visual learners, and we propose that using a flow-based visual programming language will address some of the most important and difficult topics to novices of programming. We use an existing flow-model tool, RAPTOR, to test this method, and share the program understanding results using this theory.

No Quantum Realization of Extremal No-Signaling Boxes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ramanathan, Ravishankar; Tuziemski, Jan; Horodecki, Michał; Horodecki, Paweł

2016-07-01

The study of quantum correlations is important for fundamental reasons as well as for quantum communication and information processing tasks. On the one hand, it is of tremendous interest to derive the correlations produced by measurements on separated composite quantum systems from within the set of all correlations obeying the no-signaling principle of relativity, by means of information-theoretic principles. On the other hand, an important ongoing research program concerns the formulation of device-independent cryptographic protocols based on quantum nonlocal correlations for the generation of secure keys, and the amplification and expansion of random bits against general no-signaling adversaries. In both these research programs, a fundamental question arises: Can any measurements on quantum states realize the correlations present in pure extremal no-signaling boxes? Here, we answer this question in full generality showing that no nontrivial (not local realistic) extremal boxes of general no-signaling theories can be realized in quantum theory. We then explore some important consequences of this fact.

Cognition and Language: From Apprehension to Judgment -- Quantum Conjectures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arecchi, F. T.

2014-12-01

We critically discuss the two moments of human cognition, namely, apprehension (A), whereby a coherent perception emerges from the recruitment of neuronal groups, and judgment (B), that entails the comparison of two apprehensions acquired at different times, coded in a suitable language and recalled by memory. (B) requires selfconsciousness, in so far as the agent who expresses the judgment must be aware that the two apprehensions are submitted to his/her own scrutiny and that it is his/her duty to extract a mutual relation. Since (B) lasts around 3 seconds, the semantic value of the pieces under comparison must be decided within this time. This implies a fast search of the memory contents. As a fact, exploring human subjects with sequences of simple words, we find evidence of a limited time window, corresponding to the memory retrieval of a linguistic item in order to match it with the next one in a text flow (be it literary, or musical,or figurative). Classifying the information content of spike trains, an uncertainty relation emerges between the bit size of a word and its duration. This uncertainty is ruled by a constant that can be given a numerical value and that has nothing to do with Planck's constant. A "quantum conjecture" in the above sense might explain the onset and decay of the memory window connecting successive pieces of a linguistic text. The conjecture here formulated is applicable to other reported evidences of quantum effects in human cognitive processes, so far lacking a plausible framework since no efforts to assign a quantum constant have been associated.

Quantum theory as the most robust description of reproducible experiments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Raedt, Hans; Katsnelson, Mikhail I.; Michielsen, Kristel

2014-08-01

It is shown that the basic equations of quantum theory can be obtained from a straightforward application of logical inference to experiments for which there is uncertainty about individual events and for which the frequencies of the observed events are robust with respect to small changes in the conditions under which the experiments are carried out. There is no quantum world. There is only an abstract physical description. It is wrong to think that the task of physics is to find out how nature is. Physics concerns what we can say about nature [45]. Physics is to be regarded not so much as the study of something a priori given, but rather as the development of methods of ordering and surveying human experience. In this respect our task must be to account for such experience in a manner independent of individual subjective judgment and therefore objective in the sense that it can be unambiguously communicated in ordinary human language [46]. The physical content of quantum mechanics is exhausted by its power to formulate statistical laws governing observations under conditions specified in plain language [46]. The first two sentences of the first quote may be read as a suggestion to dispose of, in Mermin's words [47], the "bad habit" to take mathematical abstractions as the reality of the events (in the everyday sense of the word) that we experience through our senses. Although widely circulated, these sentences are reported by Petersen [45] and there is doubt that Bohr actually used this wording [48]. The last two sentences of the first quote and the second quote suggest that we should try to describe human experiences (confined to the realm of scientific inquiry) in a manner and language which is unambiguous and independent of the individual subjective judgment. Of course, the latter should not be construed to imply that the observed phenomena are independent of the choices made by the individual(s) in performing the scientific experiment [49].The third quote suggests that quantum theory is a powerful language to describe a certain class of statistical experiments but remains vague about the properties of the class. Similar views were expressed by other fathers of quantum mechanics, e.g., Max Born and Wolfgang Pauli [50]. They can be summarized as "Quantum theory describes our knowledge of the atomic phenomena rather than the atomic phenomena themselves". Our aim is, in a sense, to replace the philosophical components of these statements by well-defined mathematical concepts and to carefully study their relevance for physical phenomena. Specifically, by applying the general formalism of logical inference to a well-defined class of statistical experiments, the present paper shows that quantum theory is indeed the kind of language envisaged by Bohr.Theories such as Newtonian mechanics, Maxwell's electrodynamics, and Einstein's (general) relativity are deductive in character. Starting from a few axioms, abstracted from experimental observations and additional assumptions about the irrelevance of a large number of factors for the description of the phenomena of interest, deductive reasoning is used to prove or disprove unambiguous statements, propositions, about the mathematical objects which appear in the theory.The method of deductive reasoning conforms to the Boolean algebra of propositions. The deductive, reductionist methodology has the appealing feature that one can be sure that the propositions are either right or wrong, and disregarding the possibility that some of the premises on which the deduction is built may not apply, there is no doubt that the conclusions are correct. Clearly, these theories successfully describe a wide range of physical phenomena in a manner and language which is unambiguous and independent of the individual.At the same time, the construction of a physical theory, and a scientific theory in general, from "first principles" is, for sure, not something self-evident, and not even safe. Our basic knowledge always starts from the middle, that is, from the world of macroscopic objects. According to Bohr, the quantum theoretical description crucially depends on the existence of macroscopic objects which can be used as measuring devices. For an extensive analysis of the quantum measurement process from a dynamical point of view see Ref. [51]. Most importantly, the description of the macroscopic level is robust, that is, essentially independent of the underlying "more fundamental" picture [2]. As will be seen later, formalizing the notion of "robustness" is key to derive the basic equations of quantum theory from the general framework of logical inference.Key assumptions of the deductive approach are that the mathematical description is a complete description of the experiment under consideration and that there is no uncertainty about the conditions under which the experiment is carried out. If the theory does not fully account for all the relevant aspects of the phenomenon that we wish to describe, the general rules by which we deduce whether a proposition is true or false can no longer be used. However, in these circumstances, we can still resort to logical inference [37-41] to find useful answers to unambiguous questions. Of course, in general it will no longer be possible to say whether a proposition is true or false, hence there will always remain a residue of doubt. However, as will be shown, the description obtained through logical inference may also be unambiguous and independent of the individual.In the present paper, we demonstrate that the basic equations of quantum theory directly follow from logical inference applied to experiments in which there is uncertainty about individual events, the stringent condition that certain properties of the collection of events are reproducible, meaning that they are robust with respect to small changes in the conditions under which the experiments are carried out.

Knowledge-Based Extensible Natural Language Interface Technology Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-11-30

natural language as its own meta-language to explain the meaning and attributes of the words and idioms of the larguage. Educational courses in language...understood and used by Lydia for human-computer dialogue. The KL enables a systems developer or " teacher -user" to build the system to a point where new...language can be "formal" as in a structured educational language program or it can be "informal" as in the case of a person consulting a dictionary for the

A Counterexample Guided Abstraction Refinement Framework for Verifying Concurrent C Programs

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-24

source code are routinely executed. The source code is written in languages ranging from C/C++/Java to ML/ Ocaml . These languages differ not only in...from the difficulty to model computer programs—due to the complexity of programming languages as compared to hardware description languages —to...intermediate specification language lying between high-level Statechart- like formalisms and transition systems. Actions are encoded as changes in

25 CFR 39.137 - May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a specific appropriation from Congress? Yes, a school may operate a language development program... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress? 39.137 Section 39.137 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS...

25 CFR 39.137 - May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a specific appropriation from Congress? Yes, a school may operate a language development program... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress? 39.137 Section 39.137 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS...

25 CFR 39.137 - May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a specific appropriation from Congress? Yes, a school may operate a language development program... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress? 39.137 Section 39.137 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS...

25 CFR 39.137 - May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... a specific appropriation from Congress? Yes, a school may operate a language development program... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false May schools operate a language development program without a specific appropriation from Congress? 39.137 Section 39.137 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS...

Native Language Reading Approach Program, 1982-1983. O.E.E. Final Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keyes, Jose Luis; And Others

The Native Language Reading Approach Program in New York City was designed as an exemplary approach to on-site training of classroom teachers and their assistants in how to help students transfer reading skills from their native language to English. Program components included support services, teacher training, material/curriculum development,…

Examining the Need for Chinese Language Programs in Mid-Atlantic Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uhey, Ruth Ann Johnson

2012-01-01

Public education reform designed for K-12 and higher education exists to transform teaching and learning within the United States in order to graduate today's student. One specific initiative on the federal, state, and local levels is the implementation of Chinese language programs. Some of the Chinese language programs in the K-12 education…

Foreign Language and International Public Service at SIU-C: An Interdisciplinary B.A. Degree Program under Development.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Timpe, Eugene F.

A model for undergraduate programs designed to integrate foreign language instruction with training for an international public service occupation is outlined. The language component and professional training, taught separately at first, are brought together at the end of the program in an internship in an international public service…

Influencing the Instructional Design Strategies of New Teachers: Foreign Language and Technology Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cunningham, Ann C.; Redmond, Mary Lynn

2002-01-01

Presents the foreign language education program at Wake Forest University as an example of how a content-focused curriculum can be enhanced by a supportive technology program. An emphasis on content, research, and practice supported by integrated, state-of-the-art technology prepares graduates of the foreign language education program to lead…

Middle School Exploratory Foreign Language Programs: A Position Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Council of State Supervisors of Foreign Language.

Four types of exploratory foreign language programs are described: (1) the language overview course, (2) the trial-study course, (3) the Level I offering, and (4) the course for the non-college bound. It is largely in the middle schools (grades 6-8) and junior high schools (grades 7-9) that exploratory programs are being used. The language…

"More than Being in a Class": Adolescents' Ethnolinguistic Insights in a Two-Way Dual-Language Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kibler, Amanda; Salerno, April; Hardigree, Christine

2014-01-01

Much of the debate regarding outcomes of various types of dual-language programs has focused on linguistic and academic results, and with good reason: improving the educational outcomes of language minorities and supporting societal multilingualism are vital goals. More rarely explored, however, are these programs' ethnolinguistic outcomes: the…

The Languages of the Valencian Educational System: The Results of Two Decades of Language Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arroyo, Jose Luis Blas

2002-01-01

The compulsory education system in the autonomous Spanish region known as the Comunidad Valenciano has offered a varied program of bilingual education. Spanish and Valenciano, an autochthonous variety of Catalan, alternate according to various curricular programs as the main teaching languages. Examines the objectives of each of these programs, as…

Programming Language Software For Graphics Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Beckman, Brian C.

1993-01-01

New approach reduces repetitive development of features common to different applications. High-level programming language and interactive environment with access to graphical hardware and software created by adding graphical commands and other constructs to standardized, general-purpose programming language, "Scheme". Designed for use in developing other software incorporating interactive computer-graphics capabilities into application programs. Provides alternative to programming entire applications in C or FORTRAN, specifically ameliorating design and implementation of complex control and data structures typifying applications with interactive graphics. Enables experimental programming and rapid development of prototype software, and yields high-level programs serving as executable versions of software-design documentation.

A program for performing exact quantum dynamics calculations using cylindrical polar coordinates: A nanotube application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Skouteris, Dimitris; Gervasi, Osvaldo; Laganà, Antonio

2009-03-01

A program that uses the time-dependent wavepacket method to study the motion of structureless particles in a force field of quasi-cylindrical symmetry is presented here. The program utilises cylindrical polar coordinates to express the wavepacket, which is subsequently propagated using a Chebyshev expansion of the Schrödinger propagator. Time-dependent exit flux as well as energy-dependent S matrix elements can be obtained for all states of the particle (describing its angular momentum component along the nanotube axis and the excitation of the radial degree of freedom in the cylinder). The program has been used to study the motion of an H atom across a carbon nanotube. Program summaryProgram title: CYLWAVE Catalogue identifier: AECL_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AECL_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3673 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 35 237 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Fortran 77 Computer: RISC workstations Operating system: UNIX RAM: 120 MBytes Classification: 16.7, 16.10 External routines: SUNSOFT performance library (not essential) TFFT2D.F (Temperton Fast Fourier Transform), BESSJ.F (from Numerical Recipes, for the calculation of Bessel functions) (included in the distribution file). Nature of problem: Time evolution of the state of a structureless particle in a quasicylindrical potential. Solution method: Time dependent wavepacket propagation. Running time: 50000 secs. The test run supplied with the distribution takes about 10 minutes to complete.

The Merits of the Continued Instruction of ADA as a First Language at the Naval Postgraduate School

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-01

H., Ada as a Second Language, McGraw Hill Book Company, 1986. Deitel , H.M. and Deitel P.J., C+ + How to Program , Prentice Hatl, 1994. Fastrack...complex language whose success is dependent on its users knowing how to utilize all of its features to yield good programs . (Fastrack) The addition of...Ada in particular as the first programming language at the Naval Postgraduate School The catch-22 of industry’s dedication to C++ and the Department

A case study in programming a quantum annealer for hard operational planning problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rieffel, Eleanor G.; Venturelli, Davide; O'Gorman, Bryan; Do, Minh B.; Prystay, Elicia M.; Smelyanskiy, Vadim N.

2015-01-01

We report on a case study in programming an early quantum annealer to attack optimization problems related to operational planning. While a number of studies have looked at the performance of quantum annealers on problems native to their architecture, and others have examined performance of select problems stemming from an application area, ours is one of the first studies of a quantum annealer's performance on parametrized families of hard problems from a practical domain. We explore two different general mappings of planning problems to quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems, and apply them to two parametrized families of planning problems, navigation-type and scheduling-type. We also examine two more compact, but problem-type specific, mappings to QUBO, one for the navigation-type planning problems and one for the scheduling-type planning problems. We study embedding properties and parameter setting and examine their effect on the efficiency with which the quantum annealer solves these problems. From these results, we derive insights useful for the programming and design of future quantum annealers: problem choice, the mapping used, the properties of the embedding, and the annealing profile all matter, each significantly affecting the performance.

Structured Design Language for Computer Programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pace, Walter H., Jr.

1986-01-01

Box language used at all stages of program development. Developed to provide improved productivity in designing, coding, and maintaining computer programs. BOX system written in FORTRAN 77 for batch execution.

The Integration of English Language Development and Science Instruction in Elementary Classrooms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zwiep, Susan Gomez; Straits, William J.; Stone, Kristin R.; Beltran, Dolores D.; Furtado, Leena

2011-12-01

This paper explores one district's attempt to implement a blended science and English Language Development (ELD) elementary program, designed to provide English language learners opportunities to develop proficiency in English through participation in inquiry-based science. This process resulted in blended program that utilized a combined science/ELD lesson plan format to structure and guide teachers' efforts to use science as the context for language development. Data, collected throughout the first 2 years of the program, include teacher-generated lesson plans, observation notes, and interviews with teachers and principals. The process by which the blended program was developed, the initial implementation of the program, the resulting science/ELD lesson plan format, and teachers' perceptions about the program and its impact on their students are described.

Simulation of Quantum Many-Body Dynamics for Generic Strongly-Interacting Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, Gregory; Machado, Francisco; Yao, Norman

2017-04-01

Recent experimental advances have enabled the bottom-up assembly of complex, strongly interacting quantum many-body systems from individual atoms, ions, molecules and photons. These advances open the door to studying dynamics in isolated quantum systems as well as the possibility of realizing novel out-of-equilibrium phases of matter. Numerical studies provide insight into these systems; however, computational time and memory usage limit common numerical methods such as exact diagonalization to relatively small Hilbert spaces of dimension 215 . Here we present progress toward a new software package for dynamical time evolution of large generic quantum systems on massively parallel computing architectures. By projecting large sparse Hamiltonians into a much smaller Krylov subspace, we are able to compute the evolution of strongly interacting systems with Hilbert space dimension nearing 230. We discuss and benchmark different design implementations, such as matrix-free methods and GPU based calculations, using both pre-thermal time crystals and the Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev model as examples. We also include a simple symbolic language to describe generic Hamiltonians, allowing simulation of diverse quantum systems without any modification of the underlying C and Fortran code.

Linguistics, Computers, and the Language Teacher. A Communicative Approach.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Underwood, John H.

This analysis of the state of the art of computer programs and programming for language teaching has two parts. In the first part, an overview of the theory and practice of language teaching, Noam Chomsky's view of language, and the implications and problems of generative theory are presented. The theory behind the input model of language…

WAC: Closing Doors or Opening Doors for Second Language Writers?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cox, Michelle

2011-01-01

Written by a WAC program director and second language writing studies scholar, this article raises questions about how second language writers are faring in WAC programs and the extent to which the fields of second language writing and WAC are informed by each other's scholarship. In this article, Cox draws from her review of 26 journal articles…

A Concept For a Primary Author's Language (PAL-X)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ripota, Peter

A Primary Author's Language (PAL-X) has been developed to serve as a documentation language for computer-assisted instructional (CAI) programs. Its development was necessary to permit the dissemination of CAI given the facts that: 1)existing CAI programs were written in over 60 languages; 2)the system for COURSEWRITER II, the most commonly used…

Collaborative Research Projects in the Technology-Enhanced Language Classroom: Preservice and In-Service Teachers Exchange Knowledge about Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmid, Euline Cutrim; Hegelheimer, Volker

2014-01-01

This paper presents research findings of a longitudinal empirical case study that investigated an innovative Computer Assisted Language Learning (CALL) professional development program for pre-service English as Foreign Language (EFL) teachers. The conceptualization of the program was based on the assumption that pre-service language teachers…

Omaha Language Preservation in the Macy, Nebraska Public School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rudin, Catherine

A native language renewal program at the Macy, Nebraska Public School is described that is designed to preserve Omaha, a native American Indian language that is only a generation away from extinction. At the time of this research, only about 100 fluent Omaha speakers lived on the Omaha Reservation in Nebraska. The language and culture program,…

Graphical qualities of educational technology: Using drag-and-drop and text-based programs for introductory computer science.

PubMed

DiSalvo, Betsy

2014-01-01

To determine appropriate computer science curricula, educators sought to better understand the different affordances of teaching with a visual programming language (Alice) or a text-based language (Jython). Although students often preferred one language, that language wasn't necessarily the one from which they learned the most.

Cross-Language Transfer in English Immersion Programs in Germany: Reading Comprehension and Reading Fluency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gebauer, Sandra Kristina; Zaunbauer, Anna C. M.; Moller, Jens

2013-01-01

Cross-language effects on reading skills are of particular interest in the context of foreign language immersion programs. Although there is an extensive literature on cross-language effects on reading in general, research focusing on immersion students and including different dimensions of reading acquisition such as reading fluency and reading…

Education for Adult English Language Learners in the United States: Trends, Research, and Promising Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaetzel, Kirsten; Young, Sarah

2010-01-01

Adult English language learners comprise a substantial proportion of the adult education population in the United States. In program year 2006-2007, 46% of participants enrolled in state-administered adult education programs were in English as a second language (ESL) classes. This percentage does not include English language learners enrolled in…

Nonperturbative light-front Hamiltonian methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hiller, J. R.

2016-09-01

We examine the current state-of-the-art in nonperturbative calculations done with Hamiltonians constructed in light-front quantization of various field theories. The language of light-front quantization is introduced, and important (numerical) techniques, such as Pauli-Villars regularization, discrete light-cone quantization, basis light-front quantization, the light-front coupled-cluster method, the renormalization group procedure for effective particles, sector-dependent renormalization, and the Lanczos diagonalization method, are surveyed. Specific applications are discussed for quenched scalar Yukawa theory, ϕ4 theory, ordinary Yukawa theory, supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory, quantum electrodynamics, and quantum chromodynamics. The content should serve as an introduction to these methods for anyone interested in doing such calculations and as a rallying point for those who wish to solve quantum chromodynamics in terms of wave functions rather than random samplings of Euclidean field configurations.

CrasyDSE: A framework for solving Dyson-Schwinger equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huber, Markus Q.; Mitter, Mario

2012-11-01

Dyson-Schwinger equations are important tools for non-perturbative analyses of quantum field theories. For example, they are very useful for investigations in quantum chromodynamics and related theories. However, sometimes progress is impeded by the complexity of the equations. Thus automating parts of the calculations will certainly be helpful in future investigations. In this article we present a framework for such an automation based on a C++ code that can deal with a large number of Green functions. Since also the creation of the expressions for the integrals of the Dyson-Schwinger equations needs to be automated, we defer this task to a Mathematica notebook. We illustrate the complete workflow with an example from Yang-Mills theory coupled to a fundamental scalar field that has been investigated recently. As a second example we calculate the propagators of pure Yang-Mills theory. Our code can serve as a basis for many further investigations where the equations are too complicated to tackle by hand. It also can easily be combined with DoFun, a program for the derivation of Dyson-Schwinger equations.

Dual Language Development of Latino Children: Effect of Instructional Program Type and the Home and School Language Environment

PubMed Central

Collins, Brian A.

2014-01-01

Latino dual language children typically enter school with a wide range of proficiencies in Spanish and English, many with low proficiency in both languages, yet do make gains in one or both languages during their first school years. Dual language development is associated with how language is used at home and school, as well as the type of instructional program children receive at school. The present study investigates how changes in both Spanish and English proficiencies of Latino, second-generation immigrant children (n =163) from kindergarten to second grade relate to instructional program type as well as language use at home and school. A series of MANCOVAs demonstrated significant dual language gains in children who were in bilingual classrooms and schools where Spanish was used among the teachers, students, and staff. Furthermore, only in classrooms where both Spanish and English were used did children reach age-appropriate levels of academic proficiency in both languages. Home language use was also significantly associated with dual language gains as was maternal Spanish vocabulary knowledge before controlling for maternal education. Educational implications and potential benefits associated with bilingualism are discussed. PMID:25264401

Evaluation of verifiability in HAL/S. [programming language for aerospace computers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Young, W. D.; Tripathi, A. R.; Good, D. I.; Browne, J. C.

1979-01-01

The ability of HAL/S to write verifiable programs, a characteristic which is highly desirable in aerospace applications, is lacking since many of the features of HAL/S do not lend themselves to existing verification techniques. The methods of language evaluation are described along with the means in which language features are evaluated for verifiability. These methods are applied in this study to various features of HAL/S to identify specific areas in which the language fails with respect to verifiability. Some conclusions are drawn for the design of programming languages for aerospace applications and ongoing work to identify a verifiable subset of HAL/S is described.

The Army FAO Training Program: Time to Break More Glass

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

these five countries, English is the co-national language in the Philippines, a strong second language in Malaysia , and the second language and growing...advanced language studies and develop in-depth knowledge of the region through a program of travel, research, and self -study.” While IRT succeeds in...in providing advanced language training. Furthermore, most IRT FAOs conduct little research, and “ self -study”, when conducted, normally equates to

Dual Language Immersion Program Equity and Access: Is There Equity for All Students?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandez, Patricia Espinoza

2016-01-01

This is a mixed methods study of K-12 school administrators with dual language immersion school leadership expertise. The paramount research focus was to identify equity and access issues in dual language immersion programs serving grades K-12, as identified by school administrators who have led such programs. A total pool of 498 were invited to…

What about a Simple Language? Analyzing the Difficulties in Learning to Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mannila, Linda; Peltomaki, Mia; Salakoski, Tapio

2006-01-01

In this paper, we present the results from a two-part study. We analyze 60 programs written by novice programmers aged 16-19 after their first programming course, in either Java or Python. The aim is to find difficulties independent of the language used, and such originating from the language. Second, we analyze the transition from a…

Listening to Graduates of a K-12 Bilingual Program: Language Ideologies and Literacy Practices of Former Bilingual Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dworin, Joel

2011-01-01

This study investigated the language and literacy practices of five graduates of a Spanish-English K-12 dual language immersion program through semistructured interviews to understand the residual impact of thirteen years in a Spanish-English bilingual school program. Drawing from sociocultural theory, the interviews also sought to provide an…

Genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints for the knapsack problem: first results.

PubMed

Bruhn, Peter; Geyer-Schulz, Andreas

2002-01-01

In this paper, we introduce genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints for combinatorial optimization, apply this method to several variants of the multidimensional knapsack problem, and discuss its performance relative to Michalewicz's genetic algorithm with penalty functions. With respect to Michalewicz's approach, we demonstrate that genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints improves convergence. A final result is that genetic programming over context-free languages with linear constraints is ideally suited to modeling complementarities between items in a knapsack problem: The more complementarities in the problem, the stronger the performance in comparison to its competitors.

Effects of a supplemental Spanish oral language program on sentence length, complexity, and grammaticality in Spanish-speaking children attending English-only preschools.

PubMed

Restrepo, M Adelaida; Castilla, Anny P; Schwanenflugel, Paula J; Neuharth-Pritchett, Stacey; Hamilton, Claire E; Arboleda, Alejandra

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a supplemental Spanish language instruction program for children who spoke Spanish as their native language and were attending English-only preschool programs. Specifically, the study evaluated the program's effects on the children's Spanish sentence length in words, subordination index, and grammaticality of sentences. Forty-five Spanish-speaking children attending English-only prekindergarten classrooms were selected for study. Of those, 15 children received 30 min of Spanish instruction 5 days a week for 16 weeks. The program targeted 5-10 vocabulary words a week, dialogic book reading, phonemic awareness, and letter knowledge. The remaining 30 children participated in regular preschool English instruction. Students were evaluated before intervention, immediately after intervention, and 4 months following intervention. Repeated measures analyses of variance indicated that the children who received the small-group supplemental Spanish language instruction made significant gains in their Spanish sentence length in words and subordination index when compared to those receiving regular English-only classroom instruction. There were no differences in the children's grammaticality of sentences. The findings demonstrate that a daily short native language program has significant effects on sentence length in words and subordination index in English language learners who are attending English-only preschool programs.

A Different Kind of Language: Prolog, Programming in Logic.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cabrol, D.

1986-01-01

Prolog is one of the most successful "very high level languages." Describes this programming language (a product of artificial intelligence research) and attempts to show how it functions by using some short examples to illustrate its essential features. (JN)

High level language-based robotic control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, Guillermo (Inventor); Kruetz, Kenneth K. (Inventor); Jain, Abhinandan (Inventor)

1994-01-01

This invention is a robot control system based on a high level language implementing a spatial operator algebra. There are two high level languages included within the system. At the highest level, applications programs can be written in a robot-oriented applications language including broad operators such as MOVE and GRASP. The robot-oriented applications language statements are translated into statements in the spatial operator algebra language. Programming can also take place using the spatial operator algebra language. The statements in the spatial operator algebra language from either source are then translated into machine language statements for execution by a digital control computer. The system also includes the capability of executing the control code sequences in a simulation mode before actual execution to assure proper action at execution time. The robot's environment is checked as part of the process and dynamic reconfiguration is also possible. The languages and system allow the programming and control of multiple arms and the use of inward/outward spatial recursions in which every computational step can be related to a transformation from one point in the mechanical robot to another point to name two major advantages.

High level language-based robotic control system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, Guillermo (Inventor); Kreutz, Kenneth K. (Inventor); Jain, Abhinandan (Inventor)

1996-01-01

This invention is a robot control system based on a high level language implementing a spatial operator algebra. There are two high level languages included within the system. At the highest level, applications programs can be written in a robot-oriented applications language including broad operators such as MOVE and GRASP. The robot-oriented applications language statements are translated into statements in the spatial operator algebra language. Programming can also take place using the spatial operator algebra language. The statements in the spatial operator algebra language from either source are then translated into machine language statements for execution by a digital control computer. The system also includes the capability of executing the control code sequences in a simulation mode before actual execution to assure proper action at execution time. The robot's environment is checked as part of the process and dynamic reconfiguration is also possible. The languages and system allow the programming and control of multiple arms and the use of inward/outward spatial recursions in which every computational step can be related to a transformation from one point in the mechanical robot to another point to name two major advantages.

Teaching Quantum Physics in Upper Secondary School in France:

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lautesse, Philippe; Vila Valls, Adrien; Ferlin, Fabrice; Héraud, Jean-Loup; Chabot, Hugues

2015-01-01

One of the main problems in trying to understand quantum physics is the nature of the referent of quantum theory. This point is addressed in the official French curriculum in upper secondary school. Starting in 2012, after about 20 years of absence, quantum physics has returned to the national program. On the basis of the historical construction…

The Military Accessions Vital to National Interest Program: What It Is and How It Can Be Made Relevant

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-05-19

recruited through the MAVNI program possess language skills and cultural expertise that can help the commander make sense of what is going on around him...made; (1) further development of the MAVNI program in order to better leverage the language skills and cultural expertise of the Soldiers recruited...describe and direct. Soldiers recruited through the MAVNI program possess language skills and cultural expertise that can help the commander make

A Mathematica package for calculation of planar channeling radiation spectra of relativistic electrons channeled in a diamond-structure single crystal (quantum approach)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azadegan, B.

2013-03-01

The presented Mathematica code is an efficient tool for simulation of planar channeling radiation spectra of relativistic electrons channeled along major crystallographic planes of a diamond-structure single crystal. The program is based on the quantum theory of channeling radiation which has been successfully applied to study planar channeling at electron energies between 10 and 100 MeV. Continuum potentials for different planes of diamond, silicon and germanium single crystals are calculated using the Doyle-Turner approximation to the atomic scattering factor and taking thermal vibrations of the crystal atoms into account. Numerical methods are applied to solve the one-dimensional Schrödinger equation. The code is designed to calculate the electron wave functions, transverse electron states in the planar continuum potential, transition energies, line widths of channeling radiation and depth dependencies of the population of quantum states. Finally the spectral distribution of spontaneously emitted channeling radiation is obtained. The simulation of radiation spectra considerably facilitates the interpretation of experimental data. Catalog identifier: AEOH_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOH_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: Standard CPC licence, http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/licence/licence.html No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 446 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 209805 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: Mathematica. Computer: Platforms on which Mathematica is available. Operating system: Operating systems on which Mathematica is available. RAM: 1 MB Classification: 7.10. Nature of problem: Planar channeling radiation is emitted by relativistic charged particles during traversing a single crystal in direction parallel to a crystallographic plane. Channeling is modeled as the motion of charged particles in a continuous planar potential which is formed by the spatially and thermally averaged action of the individual electrostatic potentials of the crystal atoms of the corresponding plane. Classically, the motion of channeled particles through the crystal resembles transverse oscillations being the source of radiation emission. For electrons of energy less than 100 MeV considered here, planar channeling has to be treated quantum mechanically by a one-dimensional Schrödinger equation for the transverse motion. Hence, this motion of the channeled electrons is restricted to a number of discrete (bound) channeling states in the planar continuum potential, and the emission of channeling radiation is caused by spontaneous electron transitions between these eigenstates. Due to relativistic and Doppler effects, the energy of the emitted photons directed into a narrow forward cone is typically shifted up by about three to five orders of magnitude. Consequently, the observed energy spectrum of channeling radiation is characterized by a number of radiation lines in the energy domain of hard X-rays. Channeling radiation may, therefore, be applied as an intense, tunable, quasi-monochromatic X-ray source. Solution method: The problem consists in finding the electron wave function for the planar continuum potential. Both the wave functions and corresponding energies of channeling states solve the Schrödinger equation of transverse electron motion. In the framework of the so-called many-beam formalism, solving the Schrödinger equation reduces to a eigenvector-eigenvalue problem of a Hermitian matrix. For that the program employs the mathematical tools allocated in the commercial computation software Mathematica. The electric field of the atomic planes in the crystal forces dipole oscillations of the channeled charged particles. In the quantum mechanical approach, the dipole approximation is also valid for spontaneous transitions between bound states. The transition strength for dedicated states depends on the magnitude of the corresponding dipole matrix element. The photon energy correlates with the particle energy, and the spectral width of radiation lines is a function of the life times of the channeling states. Running time: The program has been tested on a PC AMD Athlon X2 245 processor 2.9 GHz with 2 GB RAM. Depending on electron energy and crystal thickness, the running time of the program amounts to 5-10 min.

𝒩 = 4 supersymmetric quantum mechanical model: Novel symmetries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krishna, S.

2017-04-01

We discuss a set of novel discrete symmetry transformations of the 𝒩 = 4 supersymmetric quantum mechanical model of a charged particle moving on a sphere in the background of Dirac magnetic monopole. The usual five continuous symmetries (and their conserved Noether charges) and two discrete symmetries together provide the physical realizations of the de Rham cohomological operators of differential geometry. We have also exploited the supervariable approach to derive the nilpotent 𝒩 = 4 SUSY transformations and provided the geometrical interpretation in the language of translational generators along the Grassmannian directions 𝜃α and 𝜃¯α onto (1, 4)-dimensional supermanifold.

Language Magazine: The Journal of Communication & Education, 2003.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ward, Daniel, Ed.

2003-01-01

Articles are included on such issues as the following: heritage languages; the psychology of language; the Voice of America broadcasts; dual language programs; linguistic autobiography in the language classroom; pronunciation; electronic education; dialects; world languages; bilingual education; language travel; language structure; conceptual…

Study Abroad and Intercultural Communication. The Challenge of Communication. ACTFL Review of Foreign Language Education, Vol. 6.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bourque, Jane M.

Preparation for study abroad is a valid part of the foreign language program. One advantage of study abroad is the motivational focus it gives to home-based foreign languages programs. The possibility of participating in the foreign culture and actually using the language are incentives. Teaching intercultural communication and understanding is a…

Considerations psycho-socio-linguistiques sur la conception des programmes de cours pour etudiants etrangers (Psycholinguistic and Sociolinguistic Considerations on the Development of Language Programs for Foreign Students).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

James, Ken

1981-01-01

Discusses psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic questions relevant to the development of language programs for foreigners, such as student motivation, language aptitude, learning styles, cultural differences, language styles, and communicative competence. Focuses particularly on the cultural problems faced by a foreigner, as a student, client, and…

Interests and Conflicts: Exploring the Context for Early Implementation of a Dual Language Policy in One Middle School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forman, Stephanie

2016-01-01

Dual language immersion program models represent a potentially effective way to serve growing numbers of English language learners (ELLs) in schools and districts. However, local challenges, such as interpersonal conflict, can impact the process of implementing dual language policies and programs, limiting the extent to which they are able to meet…

Rate of Language Growth in Children with Hearing Loss in an Auditory-Verbal Early Intervention Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Carla Wood; Schatschneider, Christopher

2013-01-01

This longitudinal study explored the rate of language growth of children in an early intervention program providing auditory-verbal therapy. A retrospective investigation, the study applied a linear growth model to estimate a mean growth curve and the extent of individual variation in language performance on the Preschool Language Scale, 4th ed.…

Bilingual Language Arts Survival Training: Project BLAST, 1987-88. OREA Evaluation Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berney, Tomi D.; Alvarez, Rosalyn

Project Bilingual Language Arts Survival Training (BLAST) served 254 Spanish-speaking 9th- through 12th-graders at Walton High School in the Bronx in its fifth year of funding. The program's aim was to supplement the school's bilingual program by providing instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL), native language arts (NLA) and culture,…

A Language-Based Approach to Content Instruction (LACI) for English Language Learners: Examples from Two Elementary Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Oliveira, Luciana C.

2016-01-01

The number of English language learners (ELLs) in the United States has increased dramatically. Given this increase it is vital for teacher education programs at the pre-service level and professional learning programs at eh in-service level to address the needs of ELLs. This article presents a teacher preparation model--"a language-based…

Impacts of an In-Service Education Program on Promoting Language Development in Young Children: A Pilot Study with Early Childhood Educators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scarinci, Nerina; Rose, Tanya; Pee, Jerrine; Webb, Kylie

2015-01-01

Early childhood educators (ECEs) play an important role in fostering language development in young children. In-service education, led by speech-language pathologists (SLPs), has a potential role in educating ECEs about language development. In this pilot study, 42 ECEs attended an in-service education program and completed pre- and…

Introduction to the Atari Computer. A Program Written in the Pilot Programming Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schlenker, Richard M.

Designed to be an introduction to the Atari microcomputers for beginners, the interactive computer program listed in this document is written in the Pilot programing language. Instructions are given for entering and storing the program in the computer memory for use by students. (MES)

34 CFR 656.1 - What is the National Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What is the National Resource Centers Program? 656.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND AREA... Centers Program? Under the National Resource Centers Program for Foreign Language and Areas Studies or...

34 CFR 656.1 - What is the National Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What is the National Resource Centers Program? 656.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND AREA... Centers Program? Under the National Resource Centers Program for Foreign Language and Areas Studies or...

34 CFR 656.1 - What is the National Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the National Resource Centers Program? 656.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND AREA... Centers Program? Under the National Resource Centers Program for Foreign Language and Areas Studies or...

34 CFR 656.1 - What is the National Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What is the National Resource Centers Program? 656.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND AREA... Centers Program? Under the National Resource Centers Program for Foreign Language and Areas Studies or...

34 CFR 656.1 - What is the National Resource Centers Program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 34 Education 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What is the National Resource Centers Program? 656.1... POSTSECONDARY EDUCATION, DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION NATIONAL RESOURCE CENTERS PROGRAM FOR FOREIGN LANGUAGE AND AREA... Centers Program? Under the National Resource Centers Program for Foreign Language and Areas Studies or...

Atlanta Public Schools French Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atlanta Public Schools, GA.

This teacher's guide specifies language skills and related areas of knowledge needed for communicating in the target language. Discussion of the philosophy governing the Atlanta language program includes an examination of student eligibility, program articulation, teaching methods, testing, teaching materials, resources, and equipment for use in…

HAL/S programmer's guide. [space shuttle flight software language

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Newbold, P. M.; Hotz, R. L.

1974-01-01

HAL/S is a programming language developed to satisfy the flight software requirements for the space shuttle program. The user's guide explains pertinent language operating procedures and described the various HAL/S facilities for manipulating integer, scalar, vector, and matrix data types.

Native Language Immersion.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reyhner, Jon

This paper describes the benefits of indigenous mother tongue immersion programs, examining the Total Physical Response approach to immersion for beginning learners and focusing on the development of Maori and Hawaiian mother tongue language immersion programs. The paper discusses the importance of immersing students in a language-risk…

Language Teaching in the Indian Ocean: Policy and Pedagogy in Three Developing Nations. A Study of the Formation of National Language Policies and Related Educational Programs in the Comoros, Mauritius, and Seychelles.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richmond, Edmun B.

The findings of a study of language and language education policy in each of the three independent nations of Comoros, Mauritius, and the Seychelles are reported in this book. Each country is discussed separately, focusing on the linguistic and educational history, the existing educational system, and current language policies and programs.…

A survey of electric and hybrid vehicle simulation programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bevan, J.; Heimburger, D. A.; Metcalfe, M. A.

1978-01-01

Results of a survey conducted within the United States to determine the extent of development and capabilities of automotive performance simulation programs suitable for electric and hybrid vehicle studies are summarized. Altogether, 111 programs were identified as being in a usable state. The complexity of the existing programs spans a range from a page of simple desktop calculator instructions to 300,000 lines of a high-level programming language. The capability to simulate electric vehicles was most common, heat-engines second, and hybrid vehicles least common. Batch-operated programs are slightly more common than interactive ones, and one-third can be operated in either mode. The most commonly used language was FORTRAN, the language typically used by engineers. The higher-level simulation languages (e.g. SIMSCRIPT, GPSS, SIMULA) used by "model builders" were conspicuously lacking.

PASCAL/48 reference manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knight, J. C.; Hamm, R. W.

1984-01-01

PASCAL/48 is a programming language for the Intel MCS-48 series of microcomputers. In particular, it can be used with the Intel 8748. It is designed to allow the programmer to control most of the instructions being generated and the allocation of storage. The language can be used instead of ASSEMBLY language in most applications while allowing the user the necessary degree of control over hardware resources. Although it is called PASCAL/48, the language differs in many ways from PASCAL. The program structure and statements of the two languages are similar, but the expression mechanism and data types are different. The PASCAL/48 cross-compiler is written in PASCAL and runs on the CDC CYBER NOS system. It generates object code in Intel hexadecimal format that can be used to program the MCS-48 series of microcomputers. This reference manual defines the language, describes the predeclared procedures, lists error messages, illustrates use, and includes language syntax diagrams.

Language Nests and Language Acquisition: An Empirical Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Okura, Eve K.

2017-01-01

This dissertation presents the findings from interviews conducted with language nest workers, teachers, language nest coordinators, administrators of language revitalization programs, principals and directors of language immersion schools that work in close proximity with language nests, and linguists involved in language revitalization efforts.…

Hybrid Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics: Coupling a Single Silicon Spin Qubit to a Photon

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

HYBRID CIRCUIT QUANTUM ELECTRODYNAMICS: COUPLING A SINGLE SILICON SPIN QUBIT TO A PHOTON PRINCETON UNIVERSITY JANUARY 2015 FINAL...SILICON SPIN QUBIT TO A PHOTON 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER FA8750-12-2-0296 5b. GRANT NUMBER N/A 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Jason R. Petta...architectures. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Quantum Computing, Quantum Hybrid Circuits, Quantum Electrodynamics, Coupling a Single Silicon Spin Qubit to a Photon

Secure Communication via Key Generation with Quantum Measurement Advantage in the Telecom Band

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-30

II: Summary of Project In this basic research program we proposed to investigate the use of keyed communication in quantum noise as a key generation...implement quantum limited detection in our running-code OCDMA experiment to demonstrate (a) quantum measurement advantage creation between two users, (b...neither is adequate against known-plaintext attacks. This is a serious security problem facing the whole field of quantum cryptography in regard to both

The Effectiveness of the Peabody Language Development Kits and the Initial Teaching Alphabet with Disadvantaged Children in the Primary Grades: After Two Years.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunn, Lloyd M.; And Others

This Cooperative Language Development Project had two objectives: (1) to provide a modified language program for culturally disadvantaged first graders and (2) to evaluate the effectiveness of the program in terms of academic, intellectual, and linguistic growth. In a 2-year intervention program experimental versions of the Peabody Language…

The Effect of Data-Based Translation Program Used in Foreign Language Education on the Correct Use of Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darancik, Yasemin

2016-01-01

It has been observed that data-based translation programs are often used both in and outside the class unconsciously and thus there occurs many problems in foreign language learning and teaching. To draw attention to this problem, with this study, whether the program has satisfactory results or not has been revealed by making translations from…

"Spanish as a Foreign Language" Teachers' Profiles: Inclusive Beliefs, Teachers' Perceptions of Student Outcomes in the TCLA Program, Burnout, and Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rojas Tejada, Antonio J.; Cruz Del Pino, Raquel M.; Tatar, Moshe; Jimenez Sayans, Pablo

2012-01-01

The present study focuses on the Temporary Classroom of Linguistic Adaptation program (TCLA program) in which specialist teachers (Spanish as a foreign language teachers--SFL teachers) teach Spanish to immigrants who are not proficient in the language. We suggest that support for immigrant students in Spanish schools should adopt a new inclusive…

Big Programs from a Small State: Less Commonly Taught Languages Find Their Home in Delaware Elementary Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fulkerson, Gregory

2009-01-01

This article describes three big programs from Delaware where the less commonly taught languages find their home in Delaware elementary schools. Odyssey Charter School, located in Wilmington, is one of the very few Greek-language-focused public schools in the nation. The school began in 2006 as a Greek immersion program that concentrated on the…

Nazareth College: Specialty Preparation for Speech-Language Pathologists to Work with Children Who Are Deaf and Hard of Hearing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Paula M.; Quenin, Cathy

2010-01-01

The specialty preparation program within the speech-language pathology master's degree program at Nazareth College in Rochester, New York, was designed to train speech-language pathologists to work with children who are deaf and hard of hearing, ages 0 to 21. The program is offered in collaboration with the Rochester Institute of Technology,…

Using Parent and Teacher Voices in the Creation of a Western-Based Early Childhood English-Language Program in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shimpi, Priya M.; Paik, Jae H.; Wanerman, Todd; Johnson, Rebecca; Li, Hui; Duh, Shinchieh

2015-01-01

The current English-language research and educational program was driven by an initiative to create a more interactive, theme-based bilingual language education model for preschools in Chengdu, China. During a 2-week teacher education program centered at the Experimental Kindergarten of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Chengdu, China, a team of…

Marine Language Exchange Program: A 21st Century International and Interdisciplinary Partnership

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Robigou, V.; Nichols-Pecceu, M.

2001-12-01

The ability of scientists to communicate across cultural and linguistic barriers is crucial for the global economic sustainability and protection of the world\\'{}s oceans. Yet students with majors in the sciences and engineering constitute less than 2% of those who study abroad each year. And even rarer are students who study in countries where English is not the first language. The Marine Language Exchange program is a case study of an international and interdisciplinary collaboration between faculties in the languages and the sciences who address this gap. A consortium of U.S. and European institutions including Eckerd College (Florida), University of Washington (Washington), University of Hilo (Hawaii), Université de la Rochelle (France), Université de Liège (Belgium), and Universidad de Las Palmas (Spain) is developing a multilingual, marine sciences exchange program in an effort to internationalize their Marine Sciences departments. The program includes a three-week, intensive "bridge" course designed to reinforce second language skills in the context of marine sciences, and prepare undergraduate students for the cultural and educational differences of their host country. Following this immersion experience students from each institution enroll in courses abroad including marine sciences specialization for full academic credit. This session will review the Marine Language Exchange program activities since 2000 and will discuss the ideological and practical aspects of the program. The program successes, difficulties and future directions will also be presented. Different disciplinary approaches -Second Language Acquisition, English as a Second Language and Marine Science- prepare science students to contribute to the study and the management of the world\\'{}s oceans with an awareness of the cultural issues reflected by national marine policies. Based on this case study, other universities could initiate their own international and interdisciplinary collaboration to facilitate a better understanding of other planetary issues.

Adapting high-level language programs for parallel processing using data flow

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Standley, Hilda M.

1988-01-01

EASY-FLOW, a very high-level data flow language, is introduced for the purpose of adapting programs written in a conventional high-level language to a parallel environment. The level of parallelism provided is of the large-grained variety in which parallel activities take place between subprograms or processes. A program written in EASY-FLOW is a set of subprogram calls as units, structured by iteration, branching, and distribution constructs. A data flow graph may be deduced from an EASY-FLOW program.

Information Technology Innovation in the U.S. Army: The Case of the Adoption, Adaptation, and Utilization of the Strategic Crisis Exercise Intranet.

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-01-01

the system using widely available Microsoft Visual and Access Basic programming language . For SCE 󈨦, SWAMI was upgraded to automatically update...into pseudo-code and pass it on to contractors to program, usually using a complex programming language like FORTRAN. Army operations research...easier to use than programming languages like FORTRAN or C, there was still very little expertise in HTML among the instructors and controllers who were

HAL/S - The programming language for Shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, F. H.

1974-01-01

HAL/S is a higher order language and system, now operational, adopted by NASA for programming Space Shuttle on-board software. Program reliability is enhanced through language clarity and readability, modularity through program structure, and protection of code and data. Salient features of HAL/S include output orientation, automatic checking (with strictly enforced compiler rules), the availability of linear algebra, real-time control, a statement-level simulator, and compiler transferability (for applying HAL/S to additional object and host computers). The compiler is described briefly.

Hybrid quantum computing with ancillas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Proctor, Timothy J.; Kendon, Viv

2016-10-01

In the quest to build a practical quantum computer, it is important to use efficient schemes for enacting the elementary quantum operations from which quantum computer programs are constructed. The opposing requirements of well-protected quantum data and fast quantum operations must be balanced to maintain the integrity of the quantum information throughout the computation. One important approach to quantum operations is to use an extra quantum system - an ancilla - to interact with the quantum data register. Ancillas can mediate interactions between separated quantum registers, and by using fresh ancillas for each quantum operation, data integrity can be preserved for longer. This review provides an overview of the basic concepts of the gate model quantum computer architecture, including the different possible forms of information encodings - from base two up to continuous variables - and a more detailed description of how the main types of ancilla-mediated quantum operations provide efficient quantum gates.

Representing Medical Knowledge in a Terminological Language is Difficult1

PubMed Central

Haimowits, Ira J.; Patil, Ramesh S.; Szolovits, Peter

1988-01-01

We report on an experiment to use a modern knowledge representation language, NIKL, to express the knowledge of a sophisticated medical reasoning program, ABEL. We are attempting to put the development of more capable medical programs on firmer representational grounds by moving from the ad hoc representations typical of current programs toward more principled representation languages now in use or under construction. Our experience with the project reported here suggests caution, however. Attempts at cleanliness and efficiency in the design of representation languages lead to a poverty of expressiveness that makes it difficult if not impossible to say in such languages what needs to be stated to support the application.

Language Intervention and the Culturally Different Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adler, Sol

1978-01-01

After describing a variety of compensatory programs that have not been very successful for children who enter school speaking nonstandard dialects, the author describes a bidialectal program that teaches standard usage as "school language" but accepts nonstandard dialects as "everyday language," and makes the differences…

The Life Programming Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garner, Waunita L.

The paper explains how Project LIFE (Language Improvement to Facilitate Education) has applied the principles of programed instruction in developing language materials for language handicapped children, especially the hearing impaired. Early strategy decisions are said to have involved obtaining a teaching machine which would be equipped with a…

Language Resource Centers Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Postsecondary Education, US Department of Education, 2012

2012-01-01

The Language Resource Centers (LRC) program provides grants to institutions of higher education to establish, strengthen, and operate resource centers that serve to improve the nation's capacity to teach and learn foreign languages. Eligible applicants are institutions of higher education. Duration of the grant is four years. Center activities…

CAI-BASIC: A Program to Teach the Programming Language BASIC.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barry, Thomas Anthony

A computer-assisted instruction (CAI) program was designed which fulfills the objectives of teaching a simple programing language, interpreting student responses, and executing and editing student programs. The CAI-BASIC program is written in FORTRAN IV and executes on IBM-2741 terminals while running under a time-sharing system on an IBM-360-70…

Innovative Mobile Robot Method: Improving the Learning of Programming Languages in Engineering Degrees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ortiz, Octavio Ortiz; Pastor Franco, Juan Ángel; Alcover Garau, Pedro María; Herrero Martín, Ruth

2017-01-01

This paper describes a study of teaching a programming language in a C programming course by having students assemble and program a low-cost mobile robot. Writing their own programs to define the robot's behavior raised students' motivation. Working in small groups, students programmed the robots by using the control structures of structured…

Klein-Weyl's program and the ontology of gauge and quantum systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Catren, Gabriel

2018-02-01

We distinguish two orientations in Weyl's analysis of the fundamental role played by the notion of symmetry in physics, namely an orientation inspired by Klein's Erlangen program and a phenomenological-transcendental orientation. By privileging the former to the detriment of the latter, we sketch a group(oid)-theoretical program-that we call the Klein-Weyl program-for the interpretation of both gauge theories and quantum mechanics in a single conceptual framework. This program is based on Weyl's notion of a "structure-endowed entity" equipped with a "group of automorphisms". First, we analyze what Weyl calls the "problem of relativity" in the frameworks provided by special relativity, general relativity, and Yang-Mills theories. We argue that both general relativity and Yang-Mills theories can be understood in terms of a localization of Klein's Erlangen program: while the latter describes the group-theoretical automorphisms of a single structure (such as homogenous geometries), local gauge symmetries and the corresponding gauge fields (Ehresmann connections) can be naturally understood in terms of the groupoid-theoretical isomorphisms in a family of identical structures. Second, we argue that quantum mechanics can be understood in terms of a linearization of Klein's Erlangen program. This stance leads us to an interpretation of the fact that quantum numbers are "indices characterizing representations of groups" ((Weyl, 1931a), p.xxi) in terms of a correspondence between the ontological categories of identity and determinateness.

The potential of using quantum theory to build models of cognition.

PubMed

Wang, Zheng; Busemeyer, Jerome R; Atmanspacher, Harald; Pothos, Emmanuel M

2013-10-01

Quantum cognition research applies abstract, mathematical principles of quantum theory to inquiries in cognitive science. It differs fundamentally from alternative speculations about quantum brain processes. This topic presents new developments within this research program. In the introduction to this topic, we try to answer three questions: Why apply quantum concepts to human cognition? How is quantum cognitive modeling different from traditional cognitive modeling? What cognitive processes have been modeled using a quantum account? In addition, a brief introduction to quantum probability theory and a concrete example is provided to illustrate how a quantum cognitive model can be developed to explain paradoxical empirical findings in psychological literature. © 2013 Cognitive Science Society, Inc.

Ultra-Dense Quantum Communication Using Integrated Photonic Architecture: First Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-08-24

REPORT Ultra-Dense Quantum Communication Using Integrated Photonic Architecture: First Annual Report 14. ABSTRACT 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: The...goal of this program is to establish a fundamental information-theoretic understand of quantum secure communication and to devise a practical...scalable implementation of quantum key distribution protocols in an integrated photonic architecture. We report our progress on experimental and

MetaJC++: A flexible and automatic program transformation technique using meta framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beevi, Nadera S.; Reghu, M.; Chitraprasad, D.; Vinodchandra, S. S.

2014-09-01

Compiler is a tool to translate abstract code containing natural language terms to machine code. Meta compilers are available to compile more than one languages. We have developed a meta framework intends to combine two dissimilar programming languages, namely C++ and Java to provide a flexible object oriented programming platform for the user. Suitable constructs from both the languages have been combined, thereby forming a new and stronger Meta-Language. The framework is developed using the compiler writing tools, Flex and Yacc to design the front end of the compiler. The lexer and parser have been developed to accommodate the complete keyword set and syntax set of both the languages. Two intermediate representations have been used in between the translation of the source program to machine code. Abstract Syntax Tree has been used as a high level intermediate representation that preserves the hierarchical properties of the source program. A new machine-independent stack-based byte-code has also been devised to act as a low level intermediate representation. The byte-code is essentially organised into an output class file that can be used to produce an interpreted output. The results especially in the spheres of providing C++ concepts in Java have given an insight regarding the potential strong features of the resultant meta-language.

Quantum-Inspired Maximizer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zak, Michail

2008-01-01

A report discusses an algorithm for a new kind of dynamics based on a quantum- classical hybrid-quantum-inspired maximizer. The model is represented by a modified Madelung equation in which the quantum potential is replaced by different, specially chosen 'computational' potential. As a result, the dynamics attains both quantum and classical properties: it preserves superposition and entanglement of random solutions, while allowing one to measure its state variables, using classical methods. Such optimal combination of characteristics is a perfect match for quantum-inspired computing. As an application, an algorithm for global maximum of an arbitrary integrable function is proposed. The idea of the proposed algorithm is very simple: based upon the Quantum-inspired Maximizer (QIM), introduce a positive function to be maximized as the probability density to which the solution is attracted. Then the larger value of this function will have the higher probability to appear. Special attention is paid to simulation of integer programming and NP-complete problems. It is demonstrated that the problem of global maximum of an integrable function can be found in polynomial time by using the proposed quantum- classical hybrid. The result is extended to a constrained maximum with applications to integer programming and TSP (Traveling Salesman Problem).

Instructional Design: Its Relevance for CALL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

England, Elaine

1989-01-01

Describes an interdisciplinary (language and educational technology departments) instructional design program that is intended to develop back-up computer programs for students taking supplementary English as a second language classes. The program encompasses training programs, the psychology of screen reading, task analysis, and color cueing.…

Teaching Practices and Language Use in Two-Way Dual Language Immersion Programs in a Large Public School District

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Jennifer; Steele, Jennifer; Slater, Robert; Bacon, Michael; Miller, Trey

2016-01-01

Many educators and policy makers look to two-way dual language immersion as one of the most promising options to close achievement gaps for English learners. However, the programs' effectiveness depends on the quality of their implementation. This article reports on a large-scale study of the implementation of dual language immersion across a…

Detecting Potential Synchronization Constraint Deadlocks from Formal System Specifications

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-03-01

family of languages, consisting of the Larch Shared Language and a series of Larch interface languages, specific to particular programming languages...specify sequential (non- concurrent) programs , and explicitly does not include the ability to specify atomic actions (Guttag, 1985). Larch is therefore...synchronized communication between two such agents is ronsidered as a single action. The transitions in CCS trees are labelled to show how they are

Examination of Sign Language Education According to the Opinions of Members from a Basic Sign Language Certification Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Akmese, Pelin Pistav

2016-01-01

Being hearing impaired limits one's ability to communicate in that it affects all areas of development, particularly speech. One of the methods the hearing impaired use to communicate is sign language. This study, a descriptive study, intends to examine the opinions of individuals who had enrolled in a sign language certification program by using…

The Use of Technology as an Oral Achievement Testing Tool: Analysis of Students' Perceptions and Oral Performance in a Portuguese Language Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santana-Paixao, Raquel C.

2017-01-01

Oral testing administration plays a significant role in foreign language programs aiming to foster the development of students' speaking abilities. With the development of language teaching software, the use of computer based recording tools are becoming increasingly used in language courses as an alternative to traditional face-to-face oral…

Language Teacher Education in a Fast-Changing World. Anthology Series 29. Selected Papers from a Seminar on Language Teacher Education in a Fast-Changing World (April 1992).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadtono, Eugenius, Ed.

Selected papers from a 1992 seminar on innovations in language teacher education include: "Collaboration in Assessment: Empowering the Individual Course Member" (Leslie Dickinson); "An Approach to the Evaluation of ELT Preparation Programs" (Stephen J. Gaies); "Human Resources Development in the Management of English Language Programs: An…

Foreign Language Learning: Research and Development: An Assessment. Reports of the Working Committees of the Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages, 1968.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bird, Thomas E., Ed.

Included in this volume are the reports on foreign language research and development produced by the three working committees of the fifteenth annual Northeast Conference on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. Discussions of (1) the Indiana and Washington State programs, (2) "Artes Latinae," a complete project of programed learning…

Computer Language For Optimization Of Design

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scotti, Stephen J.; Lucas, Stephen H.

1991-01-01

SOL is computer language geared to solution of design problems. Includes mathematical modeling and logical capabilities of computer language like FORTRAN; also includes additional power of nonlinear mathematical programming methods at language level. SOL compiler takes SOL-language statements and generates equivalent FORTRAN code and system calls. Provides syntactic and semantic checking for recovery from errors and provides detailed reports containing cross-references to show where each variable used. Implemented on VAX/VMS computer systems. Requires VAX FORTRAN compiler to produce executable program.

The Quantum Opportunity Program Demonstration: Final Impacts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schirm, Allen; Stuart, Elizabeth; McKie, Allison

2006-01-01

From July 1995 through September 2001, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) and the Ford Foundation (Ford) operated a demonstration of the Quantum Opportunity Program (QOP). QOP offered intensive and comprehensive services to help at-risk youth graduate from high school and enroll in postsecondary education or training. QOP was mainly an…

[Two traditions in the scientific learning of the world. A case study of creation and reception of quantum mechanics over the period 1925-1927, on the bases of discussion between Werner Heisenberg and Albert Einstein].

PubMed

Krajniak, Wiktor

2014-01-01

The purpose of this article is the analyses of discussion between Albert Einstein and Werner Heisenberg in the period 1925-1927. Their disputes, relating to the sources of scientific knowledge, its methods and the value of knowledge acquired in this way, are part of the characteristic for the European science discourse between rationalism and empirism. On the basis of some sources and literature on the subject, the epistemological positions of both scholars in the period were reconstructed. This episode, yet poorly known, is a unique example of scientific disputes, whose range covers a broad spectrum of methodological problems associated with the historical development of science. The conducted analysis sheds some light on the source of popularity of logical empirism in the first half of the 20th century. A particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the neopositivist ideas which reflect Heisenberg's research program, being the starting point for the Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics. The main assumption of logical empirism, concerning acquisition of scientific knowledge only by means of empirical procedures and logical analysis of the language of science, in view of the voiced by Einstein arguments, bears little relationship with actual testing practices in the historical aspect of the development of science. The criticism of Heisenberg's program, carried out by Einstein, provided arguments for the main critics of the neopositivist ideal and contributed to the bankruptcy of the idea of logical empirism, thereby starting a period of critical rationalism prosperity, arising from criticism of neopositivism and alluding to Einstein's ideas.