9 CFR 318.8 - Preservatives and other substances permitted in product for export only; handling; such product...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... permitted in product for export only; handling; such product not to be used for domestic food purposes. 318.8 Section 318.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... product not to be used for domestic food purposes. (a) Preservatives and other substances not permitted in...

9 CFR 318.8 - Preservatives and other substances permitted in product for export only; handling; such product...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... permitted in product for export only; handling; such product not to be used for domestic food purposes. 318.8 Section 318.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... product not to be used for domestic food purposes. (a) Preservatives and other substances not permitted in...

9 CFR 318.8 - Preservatives and other substances permitted in product for export only; handling; such product...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... permitted in product for export only; handling; such product not to be used for domestic food purposes. 318.8 Section 318.8 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... product not to be used for domestic food purposes. (a) Preservatives and other substances not permitted in...

30 CFR 57.16012 - Storage of incompatible substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Storage of incompatible substances. 57.16012 Section 57.16012 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Storage and Handling § 57.16012 Storage of incompatible substances. Chemical substances, including...

30 CFR 56.16012 - Storage of incompatible substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Storage of incompatible substances. 56.16012 Section 56.16012 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Storage and Handling § 56.16012 Storage of incompatible substances. Chemical substances, including...

30 CFR 57.16012 - Storage of incompatible substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Storage of incompatible substances. 57.16012 Section 57.16012 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Storage and Handling § 57.16012 Storage of incompatible substances. Chemical substances, including...

30 CFR 56.16012 - Storage of incompatible substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Storage of incompatible substances. 56.16012 Section 56.16012 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR METAL AND... Storage and Handling § 56.16012 Storage of incompatible substances. Chemical substances, including...

40 CFR 721.10002 - 2-Thiazolidinone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... (1) The chemical substance identified as 2-thiazolidinone (PMN P-97-415; CAS No. 2682-49-7) is... substance may cause internal organ effects (blood, liver, and kidney). The substance may cause developmental/maternal effects. When handling this substance as a powder, use respiratory protection. (iii) Industrial...

40 CFR 721.10002 - 2-Thiazolidinone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... (1) The chemical substance identified as 2-thiazolidinone (PMN P-97-415; CAS No. 2682-49-7) is... substance may cause internal organ effects (blood, liver, and kidney). The substance may cause developmental/maternal effects. When handling this substance as a powder, use respiratory protection. (iii) Industrial...

40 CFR 721.10002 - 2-Thiazolidinone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... (1) The chemical substance identified as 2-thiazolidinone (PMN P-97-415; CAS No. 2682-49-7) is... substance may cause internal organ effects (blood, liver, and kidney). The substance may cause developmental/maternal effects. When handling this substance as a powder, use respiratory protection. (iii) Industrial...

Assessment of the potential human health risks from exposure to complex substances in accordance with REACH requirements. "White spirit" as a case study.

PubMed

McKee, Richard H; Tibaldi, Rosalie; Adenuga, Moyinoluwa D; Carrillo, Juan-Carlos; Margary, Alison

2018-02-01

The European chemical control regulation (REACH) requires that data on physical/chemical, toxicological and environmental hazards be compiled. Additionally, REACH requires formal assessments to ensure that substances can be safely used for their intended purposes. For health hazard assessments, reference values (Derived No Effect levels, DNELs) are calculated from toxicology data and compared to estimated exposure levels. If the ratio of the predicted exposure level to the DNEL, i.e. the Risk Characterization Ratio (RCR), is less than 1, the risk is considered controlled; otherwise, additional Risk Management Measures (RMM) must be applied. These requirements pose particular challenges for complex substances. Herein, "white spirit", a complex hydrocarbon solvent, is used as an example to illustrate how these procedures were applied. Hydrocarbon solvents were divided into categories of similar substances. Representative substances were identified for DNEL determinations. Adjustment factors were applied to the no effect levels to calculate the DNELs. Exposure assessments utilized a standardized set of generic exposure scenarios (GES) which incorporated exposure predictions for solvent handling activities. Computer-based tools were developed to automate RCR calculations and identify appropriate RMMs, allowing consistent communications to users via safety data sheets. Copyright © 2017 ExxonMobil Biomedical Sciences Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Setting Occupational Exposure Limits for Genotoxic Substances in the Pharmaceutical Industry.

PubMed

Lovsin Barle, Ester; Winkler, Gian Christian; Glowienke, Susanne; Elhajouji, Azeddine; Nunic, Jana; Martus, Hans-Joerg

2016-05-01

In the pharmaceutical industry, genotoxic drug substances are developed for life-threatening indications such as cancer. Healthy employees handle these substances during research, development, and manufacturing; therefore, safe handling of genotoxic substances is essential. When an adequate preclinical dataset is available, a risk-based decision related to exposure controls for manufacturing is made following a determination of safe health-based limits, such as an occupational exposure limit (OEL). OELs are calculated for substances based on a threshold dose-response once a threshold is identified. In this review, we present examples of genotoxic mechanisms where thresholds can be demonstrated and OELs can be calculated, including a holistic toxicity assessment. We also propose a novel approach for inhalation Threshold of Toxicological Concern (TTC) limit for genotoxic substances in cases where the database is not adequate to determine a threshold. © The Author 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society of Toxicology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Interpersonal conflict tactics and substance use among high-risk adolescents.

PubMed

Unger, Jennifer B; Sussman, Steve; Dent, Clyde W

2003-07-01

Adolescents who use aggressive tactics to handle interpersonal conflicts may be at high risk for substance use, while adolescents who possess coping strategies to avoid or manage interpersonal conflict may be at lower risk for substance use. This study examined the association between interpersonal conflict tactics and substance use among 631 continuation high school students. Items from a modified Conflict Tactics Scale formed three factors: Physical Aggression, Nonphysical Aggression, and Nonaggression. Logistic regression analyses revealed that adolescents' ways of responding to interpersonal conflicts were associated with their substance use. Use of physical aggression was associated with a higher risk of cigarette, alcohol, marijuana, and other drug use. Use of nonphysical aggression was associated with a higher risk of cigarette and alcohol use. Use of nonaggressive conflict tactics was associated with a lower risk of cigarette use. Adolescents who respond to interpersonal conflicts in an aggressive manner, whether physical or verbal/psychological, may be at increased risk for substance use, while nonaggressive conflict management skills may be protective. Possibly, teaching adolescents nonaggressive techniques for handling interpersonal conflict may be a useful strategy for preventing both interpersonal violence and substance use.

Control banding assessment of workers' exposure to indium and its compounds in 13 Japanese indium plants.

PubMed

Higashikubo, Ichiro; Arito, Heihachiro; Ando, Kenji; Araki, Akihiro; Shimizu, Hidesuke; Sakurai, Haruhiko

2018-05-25

This study aimed to assess workers' exposure to indium and its compounds in 55 indium-handling operations among 13 Japanese plants. The surveyed plants were selected from indium-manufacturing plants whose annual indium production exceeded 500 kg. The Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Essentials control banding toolkit, which contains simple scales for hazard levels, quantities in daily use, and "dustiness" characteristics, was used to assess generic risks of indium-handling operations. The operations were then classified into one of four Control Approaches (CAs). There were 35 indium-handling operations classified into CA4 (requires expert advice) and 16 grouped into CA3 (requires containment). There were three operations classified into CA2 (requires engineering controls) and only one into CA1 (requires good general ventilation (GV) and working practices). Of the 51 operations classified as CA4 and CA3, 36 were found to be improperly equipped with local exhaust ventilation, and the remaining 15 operations solely relied on GV practices. Respiratory protective equipment (RPE) used in the 13 indium plants was examined with reference to the recommendations of the COSHH Essentials and Japan's Technical Guidelines. Our findings suggest that stringent engineering control measures and respiratory protection from indium dust are needed to improve indium-handling operations. Our results show that the most common control approach for Japanese indium-handling operations is to require expert advice, including worker health checks for respiratory diseases and exposure measurement by air sampling.

77 FR 15234 - Controlled Substances and List I Chemical Registration and Reregistration Fees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-15

...-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active principle of marijuana) and synthetic cathinones (drugs of the phenethylamine... benefit from their authorization by registration to handle controlled substances. This commenter believed...

7 CFR 205.271 - Facility pest management practice standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... organically produced products or ingredients with the substance used. (e) The handler of an organic handling... MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM Organic Production and Handling...

HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES DATA BANK (HSDB)

EPA Science Inventory

Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB) is a factual, non-bibliographic data bank focusing upon the toxicology of potentially hazardous chemicals. It is enhanced with data from such related areas as emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, human exposure, detection method...

29 CFR 1917.73 - Terminal facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish (see also § 1917.2, definition...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 7 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Terminal facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish (see also § 1917.2, definition of hazardous cargo, material, substance or atmosphere). 1917... facilities handling menhaden and similar species of fish (see also § 1917.2, definition of hazardous cargo...

Impacts of CERCLA Release Notification Requirements on Transportation of Products Containing Hazardous Substances

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1986-08-01

In order to determine the regulatory burden imposed by CERCLA release-notification requirements on shippers and carriers handling products containing hazardous substances, eight shippers and seven carriers were interviewed in depth during the summer ...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Alnajjar, Mikhail S.; Quigley, David; Kuntamukkula, Murty

Due to the inherent nature of pyrophoric substances to ignite spontaneously upon exposure to air, special precautions must be taken to ensure their safe handling and use. Pyrophoric gases (such as diborane, dichloroborane, phosphine, etc.) are typically the easiest class of pyrophoric substances to handle since the gas can be plumbed directly to the application and used remotely. Pyrophoric solids and liquids, however, require the user to physically manipulate them when transferring them from one container to another. Failure to follow proper safety precautions could result in serious injury or unintended consequences to laboratory personnel.12 Because of this danger, pyrophoricsmore » should be handled only by experienced personnel. Users with limited experience must be trained on how to handle pyrophoric reagents and consult with a knowledgeable staff member prior to performing the experimental task. The purpose of this article is three fold: 1) to provide guidelines and general safety precautions to avoid accidents, 2) describe proper techniques on how to successfully handle, store, and dispose of pyrophoric liquids and solids, and 3) illustrate best practices for working with this class of reactants in a laboratory environment.« less

21 CFR 660.45 - Labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.45 Labeling. In... capable of transmitting hepatitis and should be handled accordingly. (d) The package shall include a... test methods, and (3) warnings as to possible hazards, including hepatitis transmitted in handling the...

21 CFR 660.45 - Labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.45 Labeling. In... capable of transmitting hepatitis and should be handled accordingly. (d) The package shall include a... test methods, and (3) warnings as to possible hazards, including hepatitis transmitted in handling the...

21 CFR 660.45 - Labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.45 Labeling. In... capable of transmitting hepatitis and should be handled accordingly. (d) The package shall include a... test methods, and (3) warnings as to possible hazards, including hepatitis transmitted in handling the...

21 CFR 660.45 - Labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.45 Labeling. In... capable of transmitting hepatitis and should be handled accordingly. (d) The package shall include a... test methods, and (3) warnings as to possible hazards, including hepatitis transmitted in handling the...

21 CFR 660.45 - Labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.45 Labeling. In... capable of transmitting hepatitis and should be handled accordingly. (d) The package shall include a... test methods, and (3) warnings as to possible hazards, including hepatitis transmitted in handling the...

Stand-off detection of explosive particles by imaging Raman spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nordberg, Markus; Åkeson, Madeleine; Östmark, Henric; Carlsson, Torgny E.

2011-06-01

A multispectral imaging technique has been developed to detect and identify explosive particles, e.g. from a fingerprint, at stand-off distances using Raman spectroscopy. When handling IED's as well as other explosive devices, residues can easily be transferred via fingerprints onto other surfaces e.g. car handles, gear sticks and suite cases. By imaging the surface using multispectral imaging Raman technique the explosive particles can be identified and displayed using color-coding. The technique has been demonstrated by detecting fingerprints containing significant amounts of 2,4-dinitrotoulene (DNT), 2,4,6-trinitrotoulene (TNT) and ammonium nitrate at a distance of 12 m in less than 90 seconds (22 images × 4 seconds)1. For each measurement, a sequence of images, one image for each wave number, is recorded. The spectral data from each pixel is compared with reference spectra of the substances to be detected. The pixels are marked with different colors corresponding to the detected substances in the fingerprint. The system has now been further developed to become less complex and thereby less sensitive to the environment such as temperature fluctuations. The optical resolution has been improved to less than 70 μm measured at 546 nm wavelength. The total detection time is ranging from less then one minute to around five minutes depending on the size of the particles and how confident the identification should be. The results indicate a great potential for multi-spectral imaging Raman spectroscopy as a stand-off technique for detection of single explosive particles.

7 CFR 205.105 - Allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients in organic production and handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... ingredients in organic production and handling. 205.105 Section 205.105 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC...

Music as a mediator between ethnicity and substance use among college students.

PubMed

Wright, Chrysalis L; DeKemper, Deedra

2016-01-01

The current study examined the relationship between substance use references contained in music lyrics and videos and the attitudes and behaviors regarding substance use of White non-Hispanic, African American, and Hispanic emerging adults from a cultivation and social norms framework by assessing 425 male and female college students. It was hypothesized that there would be ethnic variations in perceived harm from substance use and reported recent substance use and that exposure to substance use references contained in music could mediate this relationship. Results confirmed ethnic differences in perceived risk associated with substance use as well as reported substance use with White non-Hispanic college students reporting the least perceived risk and the most substance use. African American college students reported the most perceived risk associated with substance use and the least amount of reported substance use. Results of the Test of Joint Significance confirmed the mediational model in that participant ethnicity was associated with exposure to substance use references in music lyrics and music videos. Substance use references in music lyrics, then, was able to predict actual reported substance use of participants but not perceived risk associated with substance use.

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411... substances test conducted under this part, if the driver requests such results within 60 calendar days of...

14 CFR 16.305 - Procedures for handling ex parte communications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... of all such oral communications; and (c) All written responses, and memoranda stating the substance... communications. 16.305 Section 16.305 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... Communications § 16.305 Procedures for handling ex parte communications. A decisional employee who receives or...

Prudent Practices for Handling Hazardous Chemicals in Laboratories.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences-National Research Council, Washington, DC. Assembly of Mathematical and Physical Sciences.

This guide recommends procedures for safe handling and disposal of hazardous substances, along with broad recommendations for developing comprehensive laboratory safety programs. Although specific information is provided, general principles which can be adapted to activities in any laboratory are emphasized. Section 1 focuses on procedures for…

7 CFR 205.105 - Allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients in organic production and handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC... (specified ingredients or food group(s)),” the product must be produced and handled without the use of: (a...

10 CFR 707.12 - Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... drug testing. 707.12 Section 707.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS AT DOE SITES Procedures § 707.12 Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing... collection to final disposition of specimens, and testing laboratories shall use appropriate cutoff levels in...

10 CFR 707.12 - Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... drug testing. 707.12 Section 707.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS AT DOE SITES Procedures § 707.12 Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing... collection to final disposition of specimens, and testing laboratories shall use appropriate cutoff levels in...

10 CFR 707.12 - Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... drug testing. 707.12 Section 707.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS AT DOE SITES Procedures § 707.12 Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing... collection to final disposition of specimens, and testing laboratories shall use appropriate cutoff levels in...

10 CFR 707.12 - Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... drug testing. 707.12 Section 707.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS AT DOE SITES Procedures § 707.12 Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing... collection to final disposition of specimens, and testing laboratories shall use appropriate cutoff levels in...

10 CFR 707.12 - Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... drug testing. 707.12 Section 707.12 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY WORKPLACE SUBSTANCE ABUSE PROGRAMS AT DOE SITES Procedures § 707.12 Specimen collection, handling and laboratory analysis for drug testing... collection to final disposition of specimens, and testing laboratories shall use appropriate cutoff levels in...

Semiautomated Motility Assay For Determining Toxicity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noever, David A.; Cronise, Raymond

1996-01-01

Improved method of assessing toxicities of various substances based on observation of effects of those substances on motilities of manageably small number of cells of protozoan species Tetrahema pyriformis. Provides repeatable, standardized tests with minimal handling by technicians and with minimal exposure of technicians to chemicals. Rapid and economical alternative to Draize test.

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Test, control, and reference substance... shall be determined by the testing facility or the sponsor before the experimental start date. The stability of the test, control or reference substance shall be determined before the experimental start date...

Environmental Symposium Held in Crystal City, Virginia on May 5-6, 1992

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-05-01

addition, the Act creat a new program designed to prevent sudden, accidental releases of extremely hazardo substances . Generally, the Act sets forth a... prevent of sudden, The owner or operator of any facility handling an extremely hazardous substance will also be required to prepare and implement a risk...management plan to detect and prevent or minimize the potential for an accidental release of extremely hazardous substances . EPA may require that such

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

40 CFR 799.9346 - TSCA 90-day inhalation toxicity.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) should be used for each test group. (B) If interim sacrifices are planned, the number of animals shall be... substantially alter the chemical or toxicological properties of the test substance. (ii) One lot of the test... control group. Except for treatment with the test substance, animals in the control group shall be handled...

7 CFR 205.600 - Evaluation criteria for allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM... manufacture, use, and disposal do not have adverse effects on the environment and are done in a manner compatible with organic handling; (3) The nutritional quality of the food is maintained when the substance is...

7 CFR 205.600 - Evaluation criteria for allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM... manufacture, use, and disposal do not have adverse effects on the environment and are done in a manner compatible with organic handling; (3) The nutritional quality of the food is maintained when the substance is...

7 CFR 205.600 - Evaluation criteria for allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM... manufacture, use, and disposal do not have adverse effects on the environment and are done in a manner compatible with organic handling; (3) The nutritional quality of the food is maintained when the substance is...

7 CFR 205.600 - Evaluation criteria for allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM... manufacture, use, and disposal do not have adverse effects on the environment and are done in a manner compatible with organic handling; (3) The nutritional quality of the food is maintained when the substance is...

7 CFR 205.600 - Evaluation criteria for allowed and prohibited substances, methods, and ingredients.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM... manufacture, use, and disposal do not have adverse effects on the environment and are done in a manner compatible with organic handling; (3) The nutritional quality of the food is maintained when the substance is...

7 CFR 205.206 - Crop pest, weed, and disease management practice standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM Organic Production and Handling... rotation and soil and crop nutrient management practices, as provided for in §§ 205.203 and 205.205; (2... substance included on the National List of synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production...

7 CFR 205.206 - Crop pest, weed, and disease management practice standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM Organic Production and Handling... rotation and soil and crop nutrient management practices, as provided for in §§ 205.203 and 205.205; (2... substance included on the National List of synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production...

7 CFR 205.206 - Crop pest, weed, and disease management practice standard.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) ORGANIC FOODS PRODUCTION ACT PROVISIONS NATIONAL ORGANIC PROGRAM Organic Production and Handling... rotation and soil and crop nutrient management practices, as provided for in §§ 205.203 and 205.205; (2... substance included on the National List of synthetic substances allowed for use in organic crop production...

Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of UR-144, XLR11, and AKB48 into Schedule I. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-05-11

With the issuance of this final rule, the Drug Enforcement Administration places (1-pentyl-1H-indol-3-yl)(2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (UR-144), [1-(5-fluoro-pentyl)-1H-indol-3-yl](2,2,3,3-tetramethylcyclopropyl)methanone (5-fluoro-UR-144, XLR11), and N-(1-adamantyl)-1-pentyl-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide (APINACA, AKB48), including their salts, isomers, and salts of isomers whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible, into schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. This scheduling action is pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act which requires that such actions be made on the record after opportunity for a hearing through formal rulemaking. This action imposes the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to schedule I controlled substances on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, reverse distribute, import, export, engage in research, conduct instructional activities or chemical analysis, or possess), or propose to handle UR-144, XLR11, or AKB48.

Experience with fluorine and its safe use as a propellant

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bond, D. L.; Guenther, M. E.; Stimpson, L. D.; Toth, L. R.; Young, D. L.

1979-01-01

The industrial and the propulsion experience with fluorine and its derivatives is surveyed. The hazardous qualities of fluorine and safe handling procedures for the substance are emphasized. Procedures which fulfill the safety requirements during ground operations for handling fluorinated propulsion systems are discussed. Procedures to be implemented for use onboard the Space Transportation System are included.

A simple method for HPLC retention time prediction: linear calibration using two reference substances.

PubMed

Sun, Lei; Jin, Hong-Yu; Tian, Run-Tao; Wang, Ming-Juan; Liu, Li-Na; Ye, Liu-Ping; Zuo, Tian-Tian; Ma, Shuang-Cheng

2017-01-01

Analysis of related substances in pharmaceutical chemicals and multi-components in traditional Chinese medicines needs bulk of reference substances to identify the chromatographic peaks accurately. But the reference substances are costly. Thus, the relative retention (RR) method has been widely adopted in pharmacopoeias and literatures for characterizing HPLC behaviors of those reference substances unavailable. The problem is it is difficult to reproduce the RR on different columns due to the error between measured retention time (t R ) and predicted t R in some cases. Therefore, it is useful to develop an alternative and simple method for prediction of t R accurately. In the present study, based on the thermodynamic theory of HPLC, a method named linear calibration using two reference substances (LCTRS) was proposed. The method includes three steps, procedure of two points prediction, procedure of validation by multiple points regression and sequential matching. The t R of compounds on a HPLC column can be calculated by standard retention time and linear relationship. The method was validated in two medicines on 30 columns. It was demonstrated that, LCTRS method is simple, but more accurate and more robust on different HPLC columns than RR method. Hence quality standards using LCTRS method are easy to reproduce in different laboratories with lower cost of reference substances.

School Science Laboratories. A Guide to Some Hazardous Substances. A Supplement to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Manual of Safety and Health Hazards in the School Science Laboratory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of State Science Supervisors, Washington, DC.

The purpose of this document is to identify potentially hazardous substances that may be in use in many school laboratories and to provide an inventory of these substances so that science teachers may take the initiative in providing for the proper storage, handling, use, and if warranted, removal of hazardous materials. The document consists of…

Mental Health in School-Aged Children Prenatally Exposed to Alcohol and Other Substances

PubMed Central

Sandtorv, Lisbeth Beate; Hysing, Mari; Rognlid, Malin; Nilsen, Sondre Aasen; Elgen, Irene Bircow

2017-01-01

Prenatal exposure to substances can possibly influence a child’s neurodevelopment and may impact on subsequent mental health. We investigated the mental health status of school-aged children referred to a pediatric hospital with a history of prenatal exposure to alcohol or other substances. Mental health was assessed using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire and compared with a reference group. A total of 105 of 128 (82%) eligible children prenatally exposed to substances participated in the study, with 48 children exposed to alcohol and 57 to other substances. Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire subscale mean scores, total difficulties scores, and total impact scores were statistically significantly higher in the group of exposed children, compared with the reference group. In this hospital-based population of school-aged children prenatally exposed to alcohol or other substances, the exposed group had an increased risk of mental health problems, compared with the reference group. PMID:29581703

40 CFR 68.160 - Registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... purposes of correcting minor clerical errors, updating administrative information, providing missing data... substances handled in covered processes. (b) The registration shall include the following data: (1...

40 CFR 68.160 - Registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... purposes of correcting minor clerical errors, updating administrative information, providing missing data... substances handled in covered processes. (b) The registration shall include the following data: (1...

40 CFR 68.160 - Registration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... purposes of correcting minor clerical errors, updating administrative information, providing missing data... substances handled in covered processes. (b) The registration shall include the following data: (1...

Assertion: A Technique for Handling Troublesome Library Patrons.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Groark, James J.

1979-01-01

Encourages the use of assertion training for librarians to aid them in providing reference service, interviewing for employment, and handling difficult patrons. A list of references and a selection of readers' comments on the article is included. (FM)

Volatile substance abuse--post-mortem diagnosis.

PubMed

Wille, Sarah M R; Lambert, Willy E E

2004-06-10

A substantial number of children and adolescents world-wide abuse volatile substances with the intention to experience an euphoric state of consciousness. Although the ratio of deaths to nonfatal inhalation escapades is low, it is an important and preventable cause of death in young people. In the analytical investigation of volatile substances proper sample collection, storage and handling are important in view of the volatile nature of the compounds. Volatile organic compounds in post-mortem matrices such as blood, urine and tissues are generally determined by gas chromatography after extracting the compounds with methods such as static and dynamic headspace or even with pulse-heating and solvent extraction. In post-mortem cases, metabolites in urine seem less relevant, however, trichloroethanol and trichloroacetic acid were determined in several cases. When interpreting qualitative and quantitative results, researchers should be aware of false conclusions. The main reason why scepticism is necessary is the occurrence of losses of analytes during sampling, sample handling and storage, which results in false quantitation.

Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of Three Synthetic Phenethylamines Into Schedule I. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-09-27

With the issuance of this final rule, the Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration places three synthetic phenethylamines: 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25I-NBOMe; 2C-I-NBOMe; 25I; Cimbi-5), 2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N- (2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25C-NBOMe; 2C-C-NBOMe; 25C; Cimbi-82), and 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B- NBOMe; 2C-B-NBOMe; 25B; Cimbi-36), including their optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers, whenever the existence of such salts, isomers, and salts of isomers is possible, into schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act. This scheduling action is pursuant to the Controlled Substances Act which requires that such actions be made on the record after opportunity for a hearing through formal rulemaking. This action continues the application of the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to schedule I controlled substances on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, reverse distribute, import, export, engage in research, conduct instructional activities or chemical analysis, or possess), or propose to handle 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, or 25B-NBOMe.

A reference model for space data system interconnection services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pietras, John; Theis, Gerhard

1993-03-01

The widespread adoption of standard packet-based data communication protocols and services for spaceflight missions provides the foundation for other standard space data handling services. These space data handling services can be defined as increasingly sophisticated processing of data or information received from lower-level services, using a layering approach made famous in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI-RM). The Space Data System Interconnection Reference Model (SDSI-RM) incorporates the conventions of the OSIRM to provide a framework within which a complete set of space data handling services can be defined. The use of the SDSI-RM is illustrated through its application to data handling services and protocols that have been defined by, or are under consideration by, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS).

A reference model for space data system interconnection services

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pietras, John; Theis, Gerhard

1993-01-01

The widespread adoption of standard packet-based data communication protocols and services for spaceflight missions provides the foundation for other standard space data handling services. These space data handling services can be defined as increasingly sophisticated processing of data or information received from lower-level services, using a layering approach made famous in the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI-RM). The Space Data System Interconnection Reference Model (SDSI-RM) incorporates the conventions of the OSIRM to provide a framework within which a complete set of space data handling services can be defined. The use of the SDSI-RM is illustrated through its application to data handling services and protocols that have been defined by, or are under consideration by, the Consultative Committee for Space Data Systems (CCSDS).

The Associations between Parents' References to Their Own Past Substance Use and Youth's Substance-Use Beliefs and Behaviors: A Comparison of Latino and European American Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kam, Jennifer A.; Middleton, Ashley V.

2013-01-01

Using primary socialization theory and theory of planned behavior, this study examined how targeted parent-child communication against substance use and parents' references to the negative consequences of their own past substance use (from the youth's perspective) directly and indirectly relate to Latino and European American youth's external…

[Study on ethnic medicine quantitative reference herb,Tibetan medicine fruits of Capsicum frutescens as a case].

PubMed

Zan, Ke; Cui, Gan; Guo, Li-Nong; Ma, Shuang-Cheng; Zheng, Jian

2018-05-01

High price and difficult to get of reference substance have become obstacles to HPLC assay of ethnic medicine. A new method based on quantitative reference herb (QRH) was proposed. Specific chromatograms in fruits of Capsicum frutescens were employed to determine peak positions, and HPLC quantitative reference herb was prepared from fruits of C. frutescens. The content of capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin in the quantitative control herb was determined by HPLC. Eleven batches of fruits of C. frutescens were analyzed with quantitative reference herb and reference substance respectively. The results showed no difference. The present method is feasible for quality control of ethnic medicines and quantitative reference herb is suitable to replace reference substances in assay. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Microwave digestion preparation and ICP determination of boron in human plasma

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferrando, A. A.; Green, N. R.; Barnes, K. W.; Woodward, B.

1993-01-01

A microwave digestion procedure, followed by Inductively Coupled Argon Plasma Spectroscopy, is described for the determination of boron (B) in human plasma. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) currently does not certify the concentration of B in any substance. The NIST citrus leaves 1572 (CL) Standard Reference Material (SRM) and wheat flour 1567a (WF) were chosen to determine the efficacy of digestion. CL and WF values compare favorably to those obtained from an open-vessel, wet digestion followed by ICP, and by neutron activation and mass spectrometric measurements. Plasma samples were oxidized by doubled-distilled ultrapure HNO3 in 120 mL PFA Teflon vessels. An MDS-81D microwave digestion procedure allows for rapid and relatively precise determination of B in human plasma, while limiting handling hazards and sources of contamination.

Trends in substance references in Australian top 20 songs between 1990 and 2015.

PubMed

Pettigrew, Simone; Henriques, Isla; Farrier, Kaela

2018-04-01

This study examined references to alcohol and other drugs in top 20 songs over the last quarter of a century to explore the potential for popular music to constitute a barometer for changes occurring in youth consumption of alcohol and other substances. The online Australian Recording Industry Association charts resource was accessed to identify the top 20 songs for the period 1990 to 2015 inclusive. The lyrics of the identified songs were imported into NVivo11 for coding and analysis. Two coders analysed each song by line unit and a third coder assisted in resolving any coding discrepancies. Of the 508 discrete songs, 74 (15%) featured references to alcohol, tobacco and/or illicit drugs. Substance mentions increased over time such that the second half of the study period accounted for three-quarters of all references. The peak period for mentions was 2008-2012, with 2010 exhibiting an especially high prevalence rate for alcohol references. There was a marked decline in alcohol mentions between 2010 and 2013. The rate at which female artists referred to alcohol increased sharply until 2010 and then decreased. Patterns in substance mentions in top 20 songs in more recent years may reflect broader social trends that influence youth substance use. As such, monitoring music lyrics may assist researchers to better understand forces underlying patterns of youth substance use. © 2017 Australasian Professional Society on Alcohol and other Drugs.

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

40 CFR 792.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... or concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic...) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference...

Storage and handling of aviation fuels at airports

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1988-01-01

This standard covers the basic principles for the design of fuel handling facilities and equipment at airports. It provides a reference for the planning and operation of aviation fuel handling facilities and associated equipment.

Chemical Accident Prevention: Site Security

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This chemical safety alert assists facilities that routinely handle extremely hazardous substances, along with SERCs, LEPCs, and emergency responders, in their efforts to reduce criminally caused releases and vulnerability to terrorist activity.

7 CFR 906.120 - Fruit exempt from regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... juice, or preserved by any commercial process, including canning, freezing, dehydrating, drying, and the addition of chemical substances, or by fermentation. Fruit so processed, if handled in accordance with...

Optical vibration detection spectral analysis assembly and method for detecting vibration in an object of interest

DOEpatents

Hale, Thomas C.; Telschow, Kenneth L.

1998-01-01

A vibration detection assembly is described which includes an emitter of light which has object and reference beams, the object beam reflected off of a vibrating object of interest; and a photorefractive substance having a given response time and which passes the reflected object beam and the reference beam, the reference beam and the object beam interfering within the photorefractive substance to create a space charge field which develops within the response time of the photorefractive substance.

Optical vibration detection spectral analysis assembly and method for detecting vibration in an object of interest

DOEpatents

Hale, T.C.; Telschow, K.L.

1998-10-27

A vibration detection assembly is described which includes an emitter of light which has object and reference beams, the object beam reflected off of a vibrating object of interest; and a photorefractive substance having a given response time and which passes the reflected object beam and the reference beam, the reference beam and the object beam interfering within the photorefractive substance to create a space charge field which develops within the response time of the photorefractive substance. 6 figs.

24 CFR 51.200 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature § 51.200 Purpose. The purpose of this... store, handle, or process hazardous substances; (b) Alert those responsible for the siting of HUD...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

40 CFR 160.105 - Test, control, and reference substance characterization.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... concomitantly according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.105 Test...

Schedules of controlled substances: temporary placement of three synthetic phenethylamines into Schedule I. Final order.

PubMed

2013-11-15

The Deputy Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) is issuing this final order to temporarily schedule three synthetic phenethylamines into the Controlled Substances Act (CSA) pursuant to the temporary scheduling provisions of 21 U.S.C. 811(h). The substances are 2-(4-iodo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25I-NBOMe; 2C-I-NBOMe; 25I; Cimbi-5), 2-(4-chloro-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25C-NBOMe; 2C-C-NBOMe; 25C; Cimbi-82), and 2-(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-N-(2-methoxybenzyl)ethanamine (25B-NBOMe; 2C-B-NBOMe; 25B; Cimbi-36) [hereinafter 25I-NBOMe, 25C-NBOMe, and 25B-NBOMe]. This action is based on a finding by the Deputy Administrator that the placement of these synthetic phenethylamines and their optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts and salts of isomers in schedule I of the CSA is necessary to avoid an imminent hazard to the public safety. As a result of this order, the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to schedule I controlled substances will be imposed on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, dispense, import, export, engage in research, conduct instructional activities, and possess), or propose to handle these synthetic phenethylamines.

Substance abuse and dependence in the hospital workplace: detection and handling.

PubMed

Ossi, J

1991-01-01

A hospital can take many avenues in dealing with an employee or professional who is impaired by substance abuse or dependence. The most difficult aspect of dealing with the problem is detection. Fortunately, increasing public awareness and concern regarding workplace substance abuse is forcing legislators to address the issue and expose the problem. The legislative response appears to be geared toward treatment and education rather than punishment, which in the opinion of this author is a desirable approach. The pharmacy department can be a valuable asset to the hospital risk manager in detecting diversion of controlled substances and educating employees as to the clinical signs and symptoms of impairment.

24 CFR 51.207 - Special circumstances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Handling Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature § 51.207 Special circumstances..., require the application of this subpart C with respect to a substance not listed in appendix I to this...

Posterior double PCL sign: a case report of unusual MRI finding of bucket-handle tear of medial meniscus.

PubMed

Yoo, Jae Ho; Hahn, Sung Ho; Yi, Seung Rim; Kim, Seong Wan

2007-11-01

Among the MRI signs of bucket-handle tears of medial meniscus, double posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sign denotes a low signal band anterior and parallel to the PCL, which looks like another PCL in MR images. If the bucket-handle fragment subsequently tears at the anterior horn, the torn meniscal substance can be displaced to the posterosuperior region of the PCL, and looks like another PCL behind the original PCL. We propose the lesion be called the "posterior double PCL sign" in contrast to the ordinary double PCL sign. We present a case showing the posterior double PCL sign.

Equine Science. Instructor Guide [and] Student Reference. Volume 27, Number 4 [and] Volume 27, Number 5.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leffert, Kenneth L.; And Others

This instructor guide and the corresponding student reference contain 10 lessons to enhance an Agricultural Science I course for grade 9. The lessons cover the following topics: introduction, psychology and handling, conformation and selection, genetics and reproduction, herd health, hoof care, nutrition, equipment and facilities, handling horses,…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simmons, F.; Kuntamukkula, M.; Alnajjar, M.

Pyrophoric reagents represent an important class of reactants because they can participate in many different types of reactions. They are very useful in organic synthesis and in industrial applications. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) define Pyrophorics as substances that will self-ignite in air at temperatures of 130 F (54.4 C) or less. However, the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) uses criteria different from the auto-ignition temperature criterion. The DOT defines a pyrophoric material as a liquid or solid that, even in small quantities and without an external ignition source, can ignitemore » within five minutes after coming in contact with air when tested according to the United Nations Manual of Tests and Criteria. The Environmental Protection Agency has adopted the DOT definition. Regardless of which definition is used, oxidation of the pyrophoric reagents by oxygen or exothermic reactions with moisture in the air (resulting in the generation of a flammable gas such as hydrogen) is so rapid that ignition occurs spontaneously. Due to the inherent nature of pyrophoric substances to ignite spontaneously upon exposure to air, special precautions must be taken to ensure their safe handling and use. Pyrophoric gases (such as diborane, dichloroborane, phosphine, etc.) are typically the easiest class of pyrophoric substances to handle since the gas can be plumbed directly to the application and used remotely. Pyrophoric solids and liquids, however, require the user to physically manipulate them when transferring them from one container to another. Failure to follow proper safety precautions could result in serious injury or unintended consequences to laboratory personnel. Because of this danger, pyrophorics should be handled only by experienced personnel. Users with limited experience must be trained on how to handle pyrophoric reagents and consult with a knowledgeable staff member prior to performing the experimental task. The purpose of this article is three fold: (1) to provide guidelines and general safety precautions to avoid accidents, (2) describe proper techniques on how to successfully handle, store, and dispose of pyrophoric liquids and solids, and (3) illustrate best practices for working with this class of reactants in a laboratory environment.« less

BIOBASED MATERIALS

EPA Science Inventory

Biobased materials refer to products that mainly consist of a substance (or substances) derived from living matter (biomass) and either occur naturally or are synthesized, or it may refer to products made by processes that use biomass. Following a strict definition, many common m...

Risk Assessment of Florists Exposed to Pesticide Residues through Handling of Flowers and Preparing Bouquets.

PubMed

Toumi, Khaoula; Joly, Laure; Vleminckx, Christiane; Schiffers, Bruno

2017-05-13

Flowers are frequently treated with pesticides and, as a result, florists handling daily a large number of flowers can be exposed to pesticide residues. A study was conducted among twenty volunteer florists located in Namur Province and in the Brussels Capital Region of Belgium in order to assess their potential dermal exposure to dislodgeable pesticide residues transferred from flowers to hands. Two pairs of cotton gloves were worn during two consecutive half days while handling flowers and preparing bouquets (from min 2 h to max 3 h/day). The residual pesticide deposits on the glove samples were extracted with a multi-residue Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed by a combination of gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS) by an accredited laboratory. A total of 111 active substances (mainly insecticides and fungicides) were detected, with an average of 37 active substances per sample and a total concentration per glove sample of 22.22 mg/kg. Several predictive levels of contamination were considered to assess the risk. The potential dermal exposures (PDE) of florists were estimated at the average, for different percentiles, and at the maximum concentration of residues in samples. At the PDE P90 and at the PDE MAX (or worst case) values, three and five active substances respectively exceed the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (AOEL), indicating risk situations. For the systemic exposure (SE), one active substance (clofentezine) exceeds the AOEL at the P90 predictive level. In the worst case, SE MAX (at the maximum concentrations), four active substances (clofentezine, famoxadone, methiocarb, and pyridaben) exceed their respective AOEL values. Among the 14 most frequently detected active substances, two have SE MAX values exceeding the AOEL. Exposure could be particularly critical for clofentezine with an SE MAX value four times higher than the AOEL (393%). The exposure of florists appeared to be an example of a unique professional situation in which workers are exposed regularly to both a very high number of toxic chemicals and rather high concentration levels. Therefore the priority should be to raise the level of awareness among the florists who must change their habits and practices if they want to minimize their exposure.

Risk Assessment of Florists Exposed to Pesticide Residues through Handling of Flowers and Preparing Bouquets

PubMed Central

Toumi, Khaoula; Joly, Laure; Vleminckx, Christiane; Schiffers, Bruno

2017-01-01

Flowers are frequently treated with pesticides and, as a result, florists handling daily a large number of flowers can be exposed to pesticide residues. A study was conducted among twenty volunteer florists located in Namur Province and in the Brussels Capital Region of Belgium in order to assess their potential dermal exposure to dislodgeable pesticide residues transferred from flowers to hands. Two pairs of cotton gloves were worn during two consecutive half days while handling flowers and preparing bouquets (from min 2 h to max 3 h/day). The residual pesticide deposits on the glove samples were extracted with a multi-residue Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe (QuEChERS) method and analyzed by a combination of gas and liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS) by an accredited laboratory. A total of 111 active substances (mainly insecticides and fungicides) were detected, with an average of 37 active substances per sample and a total concentration per glove sample of 22.22 mg/kg. Several predictive levels of contamination were considered to assess the risk. The potential dermal exposures (PDE) of florists were estimated at the average, for different percentiles, and at the maximum concentration of residues in samples. At the PDE P90 and at the PDEMAX (or worst case) values, three and five active substances respectively exceed the Acceptable Operator Exposure Level (AOEL), indicating risk situations. For the systemic exposure (SE), one active substance (clofentezine) exceeds the AOEL at the P90 predictive level. In the worst case, SEMAX (at the maximum concentrations), four active substances (clofentezine, famoxadone, methiocarb, and pyridaben) exceed their respective AOEL values. Among the 14 most frequently detected active substances, two have SEMAX values exceeding the AOEL. Exposure could be particularly critical for clofentezine with an SEMAX value four times higher than the AOEL (393%). The exposure of florists appeared to be an example of a unique professional situation in which workers are exposed regularly to both a very high number of toxic chemicals and rather high concentration levels. Therefore the priority should be to raise the level of awareness among the florists who must change their habits and practices if they want to minimize their exposure. PMID:28505067

77 FR 45688 - Electronic Prescriptions for Controlled Substances Notice of Approved Certification Process

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-01

... Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, often referred to as the Controlled Substances Act... substances, particularly Schedule II controlled substances, which have a significant potential for abuse... Prescriptions for Controlled Substances Notice of Approved Certification Process AGENCY: Drug Enforcement...

Identification of recently handled materials by analysis of latent human fingerprints using infrared spectromicroscopy.

PubMed

Grant, Ashleigh; Wilkinson, T J; Holman, Derek R; Martin, Michael C

2005-09-01

Analysis of fingerprints has predominantly focused on matching the pattern of ridges to a specific person as a form of identification. The present work focuses on identifying extrinsic materials that are left within a person's fingerprint after recent handling of such materials. Specifically, we employed infrared spectromicroscopy to locate and positively identify microscopic particles from a mixture of common materials in the latent human fingerprints of volunteer subjects. We were able to find and correctly identify all test substances based on their unique infrared spectral signatures. Spectral imaging is demonstrated as a method for automating recognition of specific substances in a fingerprint. We also demonstrate the use of attenuated total reflectance (ATR) and synchrotron-based infrared spectromicroscopy for obtaining high-quality spectra from particles that were too thick or too small, respectively, for reflection/absorption measurements. We believe the application of this rapid, nondestructive analytical technique to the forensic study of latent human fingerprints has the potential to add a new layer of information available to investigators. Using fingerprints to not only identify who was present at a crime scene, but also to link who was handling key materials, will be a powerful investigative tool.

Chemical Safety Alert: Lightning Hazard to Facilities Handling Flammable Substances

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Raises awareness about lightning strikes, which cause more death/injury and damage than all other environmental elements combined, so industry can take proper precautions to protect equipment and storage or process vessels containing flammable materials.

RMP Guidance for Warehouses - Introduction

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

If you handle, manufacture, use, or store any of the toxic and flammable substances listed in 40 CFR Part 68 above the specified threshold quantities in a process, you are required to develop and implement a risk management program rule.

Current Status of Herbal Drug Standards in the Indian Pharmacopoeia.

PubMed

Prakash, Jai; Srivastava, Sushma; Ray, R S; Singh, Neha; Rajpali, Roshni; Singh, Gyanendra Nath

2017-12-01

The benefits of herbal drugs were well understood way back. They have been used for the promotion of health and medical purposes - in disease conditions. It is a conventional belief that herbal drugs have no side effects, are cheaper and locally available. Among Indian systems of medicines, herbs/herbal formulations are used to a larger extent. The quality control of the marketed herbs/herbal formulations is important for acquiring optimum therapeutic benefit as well as for expanding global outreach. Therefore, herbal drug standards are important. Reference standards, the Indian Pharmacopoeia Reference Substances especially the botanical reference substances and the phytochemical reference substances are required for comparison of quality of herbal drugs. The Indian Pharmacopoeia Commission has initiated the process of providing Indian Pharmacopoeia Reference Substances to the stakeholders. Therefore, this article provides an overview of the history and the status of herbal drug standards in the current and forthcoming issues of Indian Pharmacopoeia. In Indian Pharmacopeia, efforts have been made for the harmonization of standards with international counterparts wherever possible. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Parenting 911: How To Safeguard and Rescue Your 10- to 15-Year-Old from Substance Abuse, Depression, Sexual Encounters, Violence, Failure in School, Danger on the Internet, and Other Risky Situations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giannetti, Charlene C.; Sagarese, Margaret

Drawing on a national survey of parents, teachers, and students, interviews with a wide range of experts, and the latest research, this book brings parents the information and reassurance they need to identify and handle the crises that can erupt with 10- to 15-year-olds. Specific information and advice are presented for handling some of the most…

Content Analysis of Tobacco, Alcohol, and Other Drugs in Popular Music

PubMed Central

Primack, Brian A.; Dalton, Madeline A.; Carroll, Mary V.; Agarwal, Aaron A.; Fine, Michael J.

2010-01-01

Objective To perform a comprehensive content analysis of substance use in contemporary popular music. Design We analyzed the 279 most popular songs of 2005 according to Billboard magazine. Two coders working independently used a standardized data collection instrument to code portrayals of substance use. Outcome Measures Presence and explicit use of substances and motivations for, associations with, and consequences of substance use. Results Of the 279 songs, 93 (33.3%) portrayed substance use, with an average of 35.2 substance references per song-hour. Portrayal of substance use varied significantly (P<.001) by genre, with 1 or more references in 3 of 35 pop songs (9%), 9 of 66 rock songs (14%), 11 of 55 R&B/hip-hop songs (20%), 22 of 61 country songs (36%), and 48 of 62 rap songs (77%). While only 2.9% of the 279 songs portrayed tobacco use, 23.7% depicted alcohol use, 13.6% depicted marijuana use, and 11.5% depicted other or unspecified substance use. In the 93 songs with substance use, it was most often motivated by peer/social pressure (45 [48%]) or sex (28 [30%]); use was commonly associated with partying (50 [54%]), sex (43 [46%]), violence (27 [29%]), and/or humor (22 [24%]). Only 4 songs (4%) contained explicit antiuse messages, and none portrayed substance refusal. Most songs with substance use (63 [68%]) portrayed more positive than negative consequences; these positive consequences were most commonly social, sexual, financial, or emotional. Conclusions The average adolescent is exposed to approximately 84 references to explicit substance use daily in popular songs, and this exposure varies widely by musical genre. The substance use depicted in popular music is frequently motivated by peer acceptance and sex, and it has highly positive associations and consequences. PMID:18250243

Content analysis of tobacco, alcohol, and other drugs in popular music.

PubMed

Primack, Brian A; Dalton, Madeline A; Carroll, Mary V; Agarwal, Aaron A; Fine, Michael J

2008-02-01

To perform a comprehensive content analysis of substance use in contemporary popular music. We analyzed the 279 most popular songs of 2005 according to Billboard magazine. Two coders working independently used a standardized data collection instrument to code portrayals of substance use. Presence and explicit use of substances and motivations for, associations with, and consequences of substance use. Of the 279 songs, 93 (33.3%) portrayed substance use, with an average of 35.2 substance references per song-hour. Portrayal of substance use varied significantly (P < .001) by genre, with 1 or more references in 3 of 35 pop songs (9%), 9 of 66 rock songs (14%), 11 of 55 R & B/hip-hop songs (20%), 22 of 61 country songs (36%), and 48 of 62 rap songs (77%). While only 2.9% of the 279 songs portrayed tobacco use, 23.7% depicted alcohol use, 13.6% depicted marijuana use, and 11.5% depicted other or unspecified substance use. In the 93 songs with substance use, it was most often motivated by peer/social pressure (45 [48%]) or sex (28 [30%]); use was commonly associated with partying (50 [54%]), sex (43 [46%]), violence (27 [29%]), and/or humor (22 [24%]). Only 4 songs (4%) contained explicit antiuse messages, and none portrayed substance refusal. Most songs with substance use (63 [68%]) portrayed more positive than negative consequences; these positive consequences were most commonly social, sexual, financial, or emotional. The average adolescent is exposed to approximately 84 references to explicit substance use daily in popular songs, and this exposure varies widely by musical genre. The substance use depicted in popular music is frequently motivated by peer acceptance and sex, and it has highly positive associations and consequences.

The Benefits of EPA’s Responsible Appliance Disposal (RAD) Program

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

As a result of their commitments, RAD partners have successfully reduced emissions of ODS and GHGs as well as reduced energy consumption, increased the recycling of durable materials, and ensured the proper handling of hazardous substances.

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart C of... - Substance Technical Guidelines, Benzene

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Extinguishing media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam. (5) Special fire fighting procedures: Do not use a... ignited by open flames or sparks at locations remote from the site at which benzene is handled. (7...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart C to... - Substance Technical Guidelines, Benzene

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Extinguishing media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam. (5) Special fire fighting procedures: Do not use a... ignited by open flames or sparks at locations remote from the site at which benzene is handled. (7...

46 CFR Appendix B to Subpart C of... - Substance Technical Guidelines, Benzene

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Extinguishing media: Carbon dioxide, dry chemical, or foam. (5) Special fire fighting procedures: Do not use a... ignited by open flames or sparks at locations remote from the site at which benzene is handled. (7...

RMP Guidance for Chemical Distributors - Introduction

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

If you handle, manufacture, use, or store any of the toxic and flammable substances (e.g., chlorine, ammonia) listed in Appendix A above the specified threshold quantities in a process, you are required to develop and implement a risk management plan.

24 CFR 581.6 - Suitability criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., the property will not be determined unsuitable on this basis. (2) Property containing flammable or... handling flammable or explosive material (excluding underground storage) will be determined unsuitable..., friable asbestos, PCB's, or natural hazardous substances such as radon, periodic flooding, sinkholes or...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... according to written standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b... SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT (CONTINUED) GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances...

Psychiatric Consultation and Substance Use Disorders

PubMed Central

Specker, Sheila; Meller, William H.; Thurber, Steven

2009-01-01

Background A substantial number of patients in general hospitals will evince substance abuse problems but a majority is unlikely to be adequately identified in the referral-consultation process. This failure may preclude patients from receiving effective interventions for substance use disorders. Objectives 1. To evaluate all referred patients for possible substance use disorders. 2. To ascertain the degree of convergence between patients referred for chemical problems and the corresponding DSM diagnosis. 3. To compare demographic data for substance abusing patients and referrals not so classified. 4. To evaluate conditions concomitant with substance use disorders. Method Consecutive one-year referrals (524) to consultation-liaison psychiatric services were scrutinized for chemically-related problems by psychiatric consultants. Results Of the referrals, 176 met criteria for substance use disorders (SUD) (57% alcohol; 25% other drugs; 18% both alcohol and other drugs). Persons diagnosed with SUD tended to be younger, male, non-Caucasian, unmarried, and unemployed. They were more likely to be depressed, have liver and other gastrointestinal problems, and to have experienced traumatic events; they also tended to have current financial difficulties. Most were referred for SUD evaluation by personnel in general medicine and family practice. Following psychiatric consultation, SUD designated patients were referred mainly to substance abuse treatment programs. The only variable related to recommended inpatient versus outpatient services for individuals with SUD was the Global Assessment of Functioning Axis (GAF) with persons having lower estimated functioning more likely to be referred for inpatient interventions. Conclusions These data are similar to the results of past studies in this area. Unlike previous investigations in the domain of consultative-liaison psychiatry, financial stressors and specific consultant recommendations were included in data gathering. Although the results are encouraging in that individuals with SUD were identified and potentially sent for appropriate treatment, the likelihood is that many patients with SUD remain unrecognized and do not receive necessary consultative and treatment services. PMID:24357934

Psychiatric consultation and substance use disorders.

PubMed

Specker, Sheila; Meller, William H; Thurber, Steven

2009-01-01

A substantial number of patients in general hospitals will evince substance abuse problems but a majority is unlikely to be adequately identified in the referral-consultation process. This failure may preclude patients from receiving effective interventions for substance use disorders. 1. To evaluate all referred patients for possible substance use disorders. 2. To ascertain the degree of convergence between patients referred for chemical problems and the corresponding DSM diagnosis. 3. To compare demographic data for substance abusing patients and referrals not so classified. 4. To evaluate conditions concomitant with substance use disorders. Consecutive one-year referrals (524) to consultation-liaison psychiatric services were scrutinized for chemically-related problems by psychiatric consultants. Of the referrals, 176 met criteria for substance use disorders (SUD) (57% alcohol; 25% other drugs; 18% both alcohol and other drugs). Persons diagnosed with SUD tended to be younger, male, non-Caucasian, unmarried, and unemployed. They were more likely to be depressed, have liver and other gastrointestinal problems, and to have experienced traumatic events; they also tended to have current financial difficulties. Most were referred for SUD evaluation by personnel in general medicine and family practice. Following psychiatric consultation, SUD designated patients were referred mainly to substance abuse treatment programs. The only variable related to recommended inpatient versus outpatient services for individuals with SUD was the Global Assessment of Functioning Axis (GAF) with persons having lower estimated functioning more likely to be referred for inpatient interventions. These data are similar to the results of past studies in this area. Unlike previous investigations in the domain of consultative-liaison psychiatry, financial stressors and specific consultant recommendations were included in data gathering. Although the results are encouraging in that individuals with SUD were identified and potentially sent for appropriate treatment, the likelihood is that many patients with SUD remain unrecognized and do not receive necessary consultative and treatment services.

Cooper-Harper Experience Report for Spacecraft Handling Qualities Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, Randall E.; Jackson, E. Bruce; Bilimoria, Karl D.; Mueller, Eric R.; Frost, Chad R.; Alderete, Thomas S.

2009-01-01

A synopsis of experience from the fixed-wing and rotary-wing aircraft communities in handling qualities development and the use of the Cooper-Harper pilot rating scale is presented as background for spacecraft handling qualities research, development, test, and evaluation (RDT&E). In addition, handling qualities experiences and lessons-learned from previous United States (US) spacecraft developments are reviewed. This report is intended to provide a central location for references, best practices, and lessons-learned to guide current and future spacecraft handling qualities RDT&E.

The detection of drugs of abuse in fingerprints using Raman spectroscopy I: latent fingerprints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Day, Joanna S.; Edwards, Howell G. M.; Dobrowski, Steven A.; Voice, Alison M.

2004-02-01

This paper describes the application of Raman spectroscopy to the detection of exogenous substances in latent fingerprints. The scenario considered was that of an individual handling a substance and subsequently depositing a contaminated fingerprint. Five drugs of abuse (codeine phosphate, cocaine hydrochloride, amphetamine sulphate, barbital and nitrazepam) and five non-controlled substances of similar appearance, which may be used in the adulteration of drugs of abuse (caffeine, aspirin, paracetamol, starch and talc), were studied in both sweat-rich and sebum-rich latent fingerprints. The substances studied could be clearly distinguished using their Raman spectra and were all successfully detected in latent fingerprints. Photobleaching was necessary to reduce the fluorescence background in the spectra of some substances. Raman spectra obtained from the substances in sweat-rich latent fingerprints were of a similar quality to spectra that obtained from the substances under normal sampling conditions. Interfering Raman bands arising from latent fingerprint material were present in the spectra obtained from the substances in sebum-rich fingerprints. These bands did not prevent identification of the substances and could be successfully removed by spectral subtraction. The most difficult aspect of the detection of these substances in latent fingerprints was visually locating the substance in the fingerprint in order to obtain a Raman spectrum.

THE MID-ATLANTIC INTEGRATED ASSESSMENT (MAIA)

EPA Science Inventory

Since its inception, EPA has focused its research and monitoring towards its regulatory requirements?to protect air and water quality, to control the use of pesticides and toxic substances, to ensure the safe production, handling, and disposal of industrial chemicals, and to clea...

The importance of reference materials in doping-control analysis.

PubMed

Mackay, Lindsey G; Kazlauskas, Rymantas

2011-08-01

Currently a large range of pure substance reference materials are available for calibration of doping-control methods. These materials enable traceability to the International System of Units (SI) for the results generated by World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)-accredited laboratories. Only a small number of prohibited substances have threshold limits for which quantification is highly important. For these analytes only the highest quality reference materials that are available should be used. Many prohibited substances have no threshold limits and reference materials provide essential identity confirmation. For these reference materials the correct identity is critical and the methods used to assess identity in these cases should be critically evaluated. There is still a lack of certified matrix reference materials to support many aspects of doping analysis. However, in key areas a range of urine matrix materials have been produced for substances with threshold limits, for example 19-norandrosterone and testosterone/epitestosterone (T/E) ratio. These matrix-certified reference materials (CRMs) are an excellent independent means of checking method recovery and bias and will typically be used in method validation and then regularly as quality-control checks. They can be particularly important in the analysis of samples close to threshold limits, in which measurement accuracy becomes critical. Some reference materials for isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) analysis are available and a matrix material certified for steroid delta values is currently under production. In other new areas, for example the Athlete Biological Passport, peptide hormone testing, designer steroids, and gene doping, reference material needs still need to be thoroughly assessed and prioritised.

48 CFR 970.5223-4 - Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Workplace Substance Abuse... and Contract Clauses for Management and Operating Contracts 970.5223-4 Workplace Substance Abuse... 10 CFR part 707, Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites, incorporated herein by reference...

48 CFR 970.5223-4 - Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Workplace Substance Abuse... and Contract Clauses for Management and Operating Contracts 970.5223-4 Workplace Substance Abuse... 10 CFR part 707, Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites, incorporated herein by reference...

48 CFR 970.5223-4 - Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Workplace Substance Abuse... and Contract Clauses for Management and Operating Contracts 970.5223-4 Workplace Substance Abuse... 10 CFR part 707, Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites, incorporated herein by reference...

48 CFR 970.5223-4 - Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Workplace Substance Abuse... and Contract Clauses for Management and Operating Contracts 970.5223-4 Workplace Substance Abuse... 10 CFR part 707, Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites, incorporated herein by reference...

48 CFR 970.5223-4 - Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Workplace Substance Abuse... and Contract Clauses for Management and Operating Contracts 970.5223-4 Workplace Substance Abuse... 10 CFR part 707, Workplace Substance Abuse Programs at DOE Sites, incorporated herein by reference...

21 CFR 660.2 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen... transmitting hepatitis. (4) If the product is dried, the final container label shall indicate “Reconstitution..., including hepatitis, in handling the product and any ancillary reagents and materials accompanying the...

21 CFR 660.2 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen... transmitting hepatitis. (4) If the product is dried, the final container label shall indicate “Reconstitution..., including hepatitis, in handling the product and any ancillary reagents and materials accompanying the...

21 CFR 660.2 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen... transmitting hepatitis. (4) If the product is dried, the final container label shall indicate “Reconstitution..., including hepatitis, in handling the product and any ancillary reagents and materials accompanying the...

21 CFR 660.2 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen... transmitting hepatitis. (4) If the product is dried, the final container label shall indicate “Reconstitution..., including hepatitis, in handling the product and any ancillary reagents and materials accompanying the...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

49 CFR 382.411 - Employer notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the results of random, reasonable suspicion and post-accident tests for controlled substances... ALCOHOL USE AND TESTING Handling of Test Results, Records Retention, and Confidentiality § 382.411 Employer notifications. (a) An employer shall notify a driver of the results of a pre-employment controlled...

21 CFR 660.2 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen... transmitting hepatitis. (4) If the product is dried, the final container label shall indicate “Reconstitution..., including hepatitis, in handling the product and any ancillary reagents and materials accompanying the...

45 CFR 12a.6 - Suitability criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... basis. (2) Property containing flammable or explosive materials. A property located within 2000 feet of an industrial, commercial or Federal facility handling flammable or explosive material (excluding... substances such as radon, periodic flooding, sinkholes or earth slides. (6) Inaccessible. A property that is...

Involvement of the cystathionine-γ-lyase/Cav3.2 pathway in substance P-induced bladder pain in the mouse, a model for nonulcerative bladder pain syndrome.

PubMed

Tsubota, Maho; Okawa, Yasumasa; Irie, Yuhei; Maeda, Mariko; Ozaki, Tomoka; Sekiguchi, Fumiko; Ishikura, Hiroyasu; Kawabata, Atsufumi

2018-05-01

Hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) formed by cystathionine-γ-lyase (CSE) enhances the activity of Ca v 3.2 T-type Ca 2+ channels, contributing to the bladder pain accompanying hemorrhagic cystitis caused by systemic administration of cyclophosphamide (CPA) in mice. Given clinical and fundamental evidence for the involvement of the substance P/NK 1 receptor systems in bladder pain syndrome (BPS)/interstitial cystitis (IC), we created an intravesical substance P-induced bladder pain model in mice and analyzed the possible involvement of the CSE/Ca v 3.2 pathway. Bladder pain/cystitis was induced by i.p. CPA or intravesical substance P in female mice. Bladder pain was evaluated by counting nociceptive behavior and by detecting referred hyperalgesia in the lower abdomen and hindpaw. The isolated bladder tissue was weighed to estimate bladder swelling and subjected to histological observation and Western blotting. Intravesical substance P caused profound referred hyperalgesia accompanied by little bladder swelling or edema 6-24 h after the administration, in contrast to i.p. CPA-induced nociceptive behavior/referred hyperalgesia with remarkable bladder swelling/edema and urothelial damage. The bladder pain and/or cystitis symptoms caused by substance P or CPA were prevented by the NK 1 receptor antagonist. CSE in the bladder was upregulated by substance P or CPA, and the NK 1 antagonist prevented the CPA-induced CSE upregulation. A CSE inhibitor, a T-type Ca 2+ channel blocker and gene silencing of Ca v 3.2 abolished the intravesical substance P-induced referred hyperalgesia. The intravesical substance P-induced pain in mice is useful as a model for nonulcerative BPS, and involves the activation of the NK 1 receptor/CSE/H 2 S/Ca v 3.2 cascade. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

45 CFR 689.5 - Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. 689.5... FOUNDATION RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 689.5 Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. (a) NSF staff who learn of alleged misconduct will promptly and discreetly inform OIG or refer informants to OIG. (b) The identity of...

45 CFR 689.5 - Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. 689.5... FOUNDATION RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 689.5 Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. (a) NSF staff who learn of alleged misconduct will promptly and discreetly inform OIG or refer informants to OIG. (b) The identity of...

45 CFR 689.5 - Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. 689.5... FOUNDATION RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 689.5 Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. (a) NSF staff who learn of alleged misconduct will promptly and discreetly inform OIG or refer informants to OIG. (b) The identity of...

45 CFR 689.5 - Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. 689.5... FOUNDATION RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 689.5 Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. (a) NSF staff who learn of alleged misconduct will promptly and discreetly inform OIG or refer informants to OIG. (b) The identity of...

45 CFR 689.5 - Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. 689.5... FOUNDATION RESEARCH MISCONDUCT § 689.5 Initial NSF handling of misconduct matters. (a) NSF staff who learn of alleged misconduct will promptly and discreetly inform OIG or refer informants to OIG. (b) The identity of...

30 CFR 250.108 - What requirements must I follow for cranes and other material-handling equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... other material-handling equipment? 250.108 Section 250.108 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND... material-handling equipment? (a) All cranes installed on fixed platforms must be operated in accordance... Cranes, API RP 2D (as incorporated by reference in § 250.198). (b) All cranes installed on fixed...

30 CFR 250.108 - What requirements must I follow for cranes and other material-handling equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... other material-handling equipment? 250.108 Section 250.108 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND... material-handling equipment? (a) All cranes installed on fixed platforms must be operated in accordance... Cranes, API RP 2D (as incorporated by reference in § 250.198). (b) All cranes installed on fixed...

30 CFR 250.108 - What requirements must I follow for cranes and other material-handling equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... other material-handling equipment? 250.108 Section 250.108 Mineral Resources BUREAU OF SAFETY AND... material-handling equipment? (a) All cranes installed on fixed platforms must be operated in accordance... Cranes, API RP 2D (as incorporated by reference in § 250.198). (b) All cranes installed on fixed...

Social competence promotion with inner-city and suburban young adolescents: effects on social adjustment and alcohol use.

PubMed

Caplan, M; Weissberg, R P; Grober, J S; Sivo, P J; Grady, K; Jacoby, C

1992-02-01

This study assessed the impact of school-based social competence training on skills, social adjustment, and self-reported substance use of 282 sixth and seventh graders. Training emphasized broad-based competence promotion in conjunction with domain-specific application to substance abuse prevention. The 20-session program comprised six units: stress management, self-esteem, problem solving, substances and health information, assertiveness, and social networks. Findings indicated positive training effects on Ss' skills in handling interpersonal problems and coping with anxiety. Teacher ratings revealed improvements in Ss' constructive conflict resolution with peers, impulse control, and popularity. Self-report ratings indicated gains in problem-solving efficacy. Results suggest some preventive impact on self-reported substance use intentions and excessive alcohol use. In general, the program was found to be beneficial for both inner-city and suburban students.

Breast milk sharing via the internet: the practice and health and safety considerations.

PubMed

Keim, Sarah A; McNamara, Kelly A; Jayadeva, Chenali M; Braun, Ashlea C; Dillon, Chelsea E; Geraghty, Sheela R

2014-08-01

To characterize the practice of breast milk sharing via the internet in the US and examine factors associated with participants' communication regarding potential health and safety risks. This cross-sectional study examined all original postings (n = 254) placed during 1 week in 2011 on four websites to facilitate the sharing of breast milk. Postings were characterized for intent and health and safety topics (i.e., selling vs. donating milk, hygiene/handling practices, infectious disease screening, diet/exercise habits, substance and pharmaceutical use, milk quality claims, price) communicated between milk providers and recipients. Approximately 69% of postings were providing milk and 31% were seeking milk; 47% included identifiers. Few provider postings reflected measures to potentially reduce risks to recipients: 20% mentioned using a healthy handling/hygiene practice, 11% offered specifics about infectious disease screening, 51% mentioned limiting/abstaining from 1+ substances. The presence of indications about handling/hygiene, diet/exercise, and abstaining from substances were strongly positively associated with each other (ORs 7.42-13.80), with the odds of selling (ORs 6.03-∞), and with making quality claims (ORs 3.14-13.54), but not with disease screening. One-fifth of recipients sought milk for a child with a medical condition or poor birth outcome. Most recipients (90%) did not specify any health and safety practices of a provider in their posting. Health behaviors and screening for diseases that may affect milk safety are not prominent topics in postings seeking to share milk. This lack of communication may exacerbate the health risks to recipient infants, especially infants at increased risk due to pre-existing health conditions.

The Effect of Rap/Hip-Hop Music on Young Adult Smoking: An Experimental Study.

PubMed

Harakeh, Zeena; Bogt, Tom F M Ter

2018-02-16

Music may influence young people's behavior through its lyrics. Substance use references occur more frequently in rap/hip-hop than in other music genres. The aim was to examine whether the exposure to rap/hip-hop lyrics referring to substance use affected cigarette smoking. An experiment with a 3-group between subject design was conducted among 74 daily-smoking young adults ranging in age from 17 to 25 years old. Three conditions were tested in a mobile lab (camper vehicle) from May to December 2011, i.e., regular chart pop music (N = 28), rap/hip-hop with non-frequent references to substance use (N = 24), and rap/hip-hop with frequent references to substance use (N = 22). One-way ANOVA showed that participants listening to substance use infused rap/hip-hop songs felt significantly less pleasant, liked the songs less, and comprehended the songs less compared to participants listening to pop songs. Poisson loglinear analyses revealed that compared to the pop music condition, none of the two rap/hip-hop music conditions had a significant effect on acute smoking. Thus, contrary to expectations, the two different rap/hip-hop conditions did not have a significantly different effect on acute smoking. Listening to rap/hip-hop, even rap hip/hop with frequent referrals to substance use (primarily alcohol and drug use, and general smoking referrals), does not seem to encourage cigarette smoking among Dutch daily-smoking young adults, at least short term.

Violent offenses associated with co-occurring substance use and mental health problems: evidence from CJDATS.

PubMed

Sacks, Stanley; Cleland, Charles M; Melnick, Gerald; Flynn, Patrick M; Knight, Kevin; Friedmann, Peter D; Prendergast, Michael L; Coen, Carrie

2009-01-01

The present study examines the relationship between substance use, mental health problems, and violence in a sample of offenders released from prison and referred to substance abuse treatment programs. Data from 34 sites (n = 1,349) in a federally funded cooperative, the Criminal Justice Drug Abuse Treatment Studies (CJDATS), were analyzed. Among parolees referred to substance abuse treatment, self-reports for the six-month period before the arrest resulting in their incarceration revealed frequent problems with both substance use and mental health. For most offenders with substance use problems, the quantity of alcohol consumed and the frequency of drug use were associated with a greater probability of self-reported violence. Mental health problems were not indicative of increases in violent behavior, with the exception of antisocial personality problems, which were associated with violence. The paper emphasizes the importance of providing substance abuse treatment in relation to violent behavior among offenders with mental health problems being discharged to the community. 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Biodegradation of biodiesel fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, X.; Haws, R.; Wright, B.

1995-12-31

Biodiesel fuel test substances Rape Ethyl Ester (REE), Rape Methyl Ester (RME), Neat Rape Oil (NR), Say Methyl Ester (SME), Soy Ethyl Ester (SEE), Neat Soy Oil (NS), and proportionate combinations of RME/diesel and REE/diesel were studied to test the biodegradability of the test substances in an aerobic aquatic environment using the EPA 560/6-82-003 Shake Flask Test Method. A concurrent analysis of Phillips D-2 Reference Diesel was also performed for comparison with a conventional fuel. The highest rates of percent CO{sub 2} evolution were seen in the esterified fuels, although no significant difference was noted between them. Ranges of percentmore » CO{sub 2} evolution for esterified fuels were from 77% to 91%. The neat rape and neat soy oils exhibited 70% to 78% CO{sub 2} evolution. These rates were all significantly higher than those of the Phillips D-2 reference fuel which evolved from 7% to 26% of the organic carbon to CO{sub 2}. The test substances were examined for BOD{sub 5} and COD values as a relative measure of biodegradability. Water Accommodated Fraction (WAF) was experimentally derived and BOD{sub 5} and COD analyses were carried out with a diluted concentration at or below the WAF. The results of analysis at WAF were then converted to pure substance values. The pure substance BOD{sub 5} and COD values for test substances were then compared to a control substance, Phillips D-2 Reference fuel. No significant difference was noted for COD values between test substances and the control fuel. (p > 0.20). The D-2 control substance was significantly lower than all test substances for BCD, values at p << 0.01. RME was also significantly lower than REE (p < 0.05) and MS (p < 0.01) for BOD{sub 5} value.« less

33 CFR 151.63 - Shipboard control of garbage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE... Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.63 Shipboard... plastics in ship stores. (6) Ongoing educational programs to train shipboard personnel of garbage handling...

Toxicology and Chemical Safety.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hall, Stephen K.

1983-01-01

Topics addressed in this discussion of toxicology and chemical safety include routes of exposure, dose/response relationships, action of toxic substances, and effects of exposure to chemicals. Specific examples are used to illustrate the principles discussed. Suggests prudence in handling any chemicals, whether or not toxicity is known. (JN)

33 CFR 151.63 - Shipboard control of garbage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE... Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.63 Shipboard... plastics in ship stores. (6) Ongoing educational programs to train shipboard personnel of garbage handling...

33 CFR 151.63 - Shipboard control of garbage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE... Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.63 Shipboard... plastics in ship stores. (6) Ongoing educational programs to train shipboard personnel of garbage handling...

21 CFR 1301.71 - Security requirements generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Security requirements generally. 1301.71 Section 1301.71 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF... dosage units, usable powders or nonusable powders); (3) The quantity of controlled substances handled; (4...

21 CFR 1301.71 - Security requirements generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Security requirements generally. 1301.71 Section 1301.71 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF... dosage units, usable powders or nonusable powders); (3) The quantity of controlled substances handled; (4...

21 CFR 1301.71 - Security requirements generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Security requirements generally. 1301.71 Section 1301.71 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF... dosage units, usable powders or nonusable powders); (3) The quantity of controlled substances handled; (4...

21 CFR 1301.71 - Security requirements generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Security requirements generally. 1301.71 Section 1301.71 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF... dosage units, usable powders or nonusable powders); (3) The quantity of controlled substances handled; (4...

33 CFR 151.63 - Shipboard control of garbage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE... Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.63 Shipboard... plastics in ship stores. (6) Ongoing educational programs to train shipboard personnel of garbage handling...

33 CFR 151.63 - Shipboard control of garbage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) POLLUTION VESSELS CARRYING OIL, NOXIOUS LIQUID SUBSTANCES, GARBAGE, MUNICIPAL OR COMMERCIAL WASTE... Antarctic Treaty as it Pertains to Pollution from Ships Garbage Pollution and Sewage § 151.63 Shipboard... plastics in ship stores. (6) Ongoing educational programs to train shipboard personnel of garbage handling...

Use of labelled triolein, vitamin A, and D-xylose in the diagnosis of malabsorption 1

PubMed Central

Wormsley, K. G.

1963-01-01

This paper discusses the type of results given by a group of test procedures used in the study of small intestinal dysfunction. While the chemical estimation of faecal fat remains the most valuable criterion for the laboratory detection of malabsorption, the occurrence of abnormal faecal or blood radioactivity also denotes the presence of malabsorption, although some patients with staetorrhoea appear to `absorb' labelled triolein normally. Analysis of data from the other tests shows that steatorrhoea is not necessarily present in patients who give abnormal results and that the presence of malabsorption does not preclude a normal capacity for handling the test substances. These reservations impair the value of the vitamin A and xylose `tolerance' tests and serum carotene levels as screening procedures for the determination of malabsorption states. On the other hand, these tests show patterns of results which are useful in differentiating idiopathic from secondary steatorrhoea, since patients with secondary malabsorption often handle one or more of these test substances normally. PMID:14058268

Implications of domestic food practices for the presence of bioactive components in meats with special reference to meat-based functional foods.

PubMed

Jiménez-Colmenero, Francisco; Cofrades, Susana; Herrero, Ana M; Ruiz-Capillas, Claudia

2017-06-14

Although an essential component of the diet, the consumption of meat is in question. Meat is a major source of beneficial compounds but it also contains other substances with negative health implications. Functional foods, which are leading trends in the food industry, constitute an excellent opportunity for the meat sector to improve healthier meat options. Most studies on meat-based functional foods have focused mainly on the application of different strategies (animal production practices and meat transformation systems) to improve (increase/reduce) the presence of bioactive (healthy/unhealthy) compounds; these have led to the development of numerous products, many of them by the meat industry. However, like other foods, after purchase meats undergo certain processes before they are consumed, and these affect their composition. Although domestic handling practices can significantly alter the make-up of the marketed product in terms of healthy/unhealthy compounds, there are very few studies on their consequences. This paper provides an overview of the influence of different domestic practices (from shopping to eating) habitually followed by consumers on the presence of, and consequently on the levels of exposure to, (healthy and unhealthy) food components associated with the consumption of meats, with special reference to meat-based functional foods.

33 Shafts Category of Transuranic Waste Stored Below Ground within Area G

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hargis, Kenneth Marshall; Monk, Thomas H

This report compiles information to support the evaluation of alternatives and analysis of regulatory paths forward for the 33 shafts. The historical information includes a form completed by waste generators for each waste package (Reference 6) that included a waste description, estimates of Pu-239 and uranium-235 (U-235) based on an accounting technique, and calculations of mixed fission products (MFP) based on radiation measurements. A 1979 letter and questionnaire (Reference 7) provides information on waste packaging of hot cell waste and the configuration of disposal shafts as storage in the 33 Shafts was initiated. Tables of data by waste package weremore » developed during a review of historical documents that was performed in 2005 (Reference 8). Radiological data was coupled with material-type data to estimate the initial isotopic content of each waste package and an Oak Ridge National Laboratory computer code was used to calculate 2009 decay levels. Other sources of information include a waste disposal logbook for the 33 shafts (Reference 9), reports that summarize remote-handled waste generated at the CMR facility (Reference 10) and placement of waste in the 33 shafts (Reference 11), a report on decommissioning of the LAMPRE reactor (Reference 12), interviews with an employee and manager involved in placing waste in the 33 shafts (References 13 and 14), an interview with a long-time LANL employee involved in waste operations (Reference 15), a 2002 plan for disposition of remote-handled TRU waste (Reference 16), and photographs obtained during field surveys of several shafts in 2007. The WIPP Central Characterization Project (CCP) completed an Acceptable Knowledge (AK) summary report for 16 canisters of remote-handled waste from the CMR Facility that contains information relevant to the 33 Shafts on hot-cell operations and timeline (Reference 17).« less

You Be the Chemist [Multimedia Kit].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Chemical Distributors, Arlington, VA. Educational Foundation.

This multimedia kit includes a teacher's manual, video, and activity packet. The unique interactive course uses safe, controlled dynamic experiments to teach kids about chemistry, the proper handling of chemicals, and responsible product stewardship. Students are asked to hypothesize about chemical substances, collect and analyze data, and share…

75 FR 66138 - George Mathew, M.D.; Denial of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-27

... Services Group (CHS/ISG) of Arlington, Texas, which used numerous pharmacies owned by ``sham corporations... dispensing controlled substances) and four (Respondent's compliance with State and Federal laws related to... that since the initiation of the proceedings, ``Respondent has had approximately four years to handle...

21 CFR 1301.71 - Security requirements generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Security requirements generally. 1301.71 Section 1301.71 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE REGISTRATION OF..., cooperative buying, etc.); (2) The type and form of controlled substances handled (e.g., bulk liquids or...

76 FR 46595 - National Organic Program (NOP); Sunset Review (2011)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-03

...-07-14FR] RIN 0581-AC77 National Organic Program (NOP); Sunset Review (2011) AGENCY: Agricultural... the Secretary of Agriculture (Secretary) by the National Organic Standards Board (NOSB) on November 5... exemption (use) of 12 substances in organic production and handling. Consistent with the recommendations...

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is then placed in a... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40... testing toxic substances. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c) (1)(ii)(C...

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is then placed in a... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40... testing toxic substances. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c) (1)(ii)(C...

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is then placed in a... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40... testing toxic substances. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c) (1)(ii)(C...

Mars Sample Handling Functionality

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, M. A.; Mattingly, R. L.

2018-04-01

The final leg of a Mars Sample Return campaign would be an entity that we have referred to as Mars Returned Sample Handling (MRSH.) This talk will address our current view of the functional requirements on MRSH, focused on the Sample Receiving Facility (SRF).

30 CFR 77.1710 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... substances or other materials which might cause injury to the skin. (c) Protective gloves when handling materials or performing work which might cause injury to the hands; however, gloves shall not be worn where... footwear. (f) Snug-fitting clothing when working around moving machinery or equipment. (g) Safety belts and...

30 CFR 77.1710 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... substances or other materials which might cause injury to the skin. (c) Protective gloves when handling materials or performing work which might cause injury to the hands; however, gloves shall not be worn where... footwear. (f) Snug-fitting clothing when working around moving machinery or equipment. (g) Safety belts and...

30 CFR 77.1710 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... substances or other materials which might cause injury to the skin. (c) Protective gloves when handling materials or performing work which might cause injury to the hands; however, gloves shall not be worn where... footwear. (f) Snug-fitting clothing when working around moving machinery or equipment. (g) Safety belts and...

30 CFR 77.1710 - Protective clothing; requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... substances or other materials which might cause injury to the skin. (c) Protective gloves when handling materials or performing work which might cause injury to the hands; however, gloves shall not be worn where... footwear. (f) Snug-fitting clothing when working around moving machinery or equipment. (g) Safety belts and...

Introduction to Pesticides. MP-18.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gale, Alvin F.

This document is one in a series distributed by the Agricultural Extension Service of the University of Wyoming-Laramie. It provides an introduction to pesticides and is concerned with pesticide development, labeling and safety associated with the use, storage and disposal of these substances and their containers. Safety aspects of handling and…

Sustainable Chemistry, the Spinning Tube-in-Tube (STT(R)) Reactor and GREENSCOPE: Innovation and Industrial Partnerships

EPA Science Inventory

The chemical industry faces environmental, social and health challenges that are common across all economic sectors. From worker exposure to toxic substances, to product design and use, to the cost and handling of waste disposal, the industry must overcome numerous complex hurdle...

36 CFR 9.45 - Handling of wastes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... waste and contaminating substances must be kept in the smallest practicable area, must be confined so as... be stored and disposed of or removed from the area as quickly as practicable in such a manner as to...), facilities, cultural resources, wildlife, and vegetation of or visitors of the unit. ...

We Are Told That Marihuana Is Harmless, Except...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Camp, William L.

1973-01-01

Examination of the medical research literature reveals specifics on marihuana use concerning excessive damage to individuals who may have certain physical or psychological inabilities to handle this substance, who may use it in doses that are more than minimal, or who may use it over extended periods of time. (Author)

76 FR 82026 - Shipping Coordinating Committee; Notice of Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-29

... International Maritime Organization's (IMO) Bulk Liquids and Gases Subcommittee to be held at the IMO... code for the transport and handling of limited amounts of hazardous and noxious liquid substances in bulk in offshore support vessels --Consideration of amendment to SOLAS to mandate enclosed space entry...

40 CFR 799.9539 - TSCA mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The animals are identified uniquely. The animals are... substance, animals in the control groups should be handled in an identical manner to animals of the treatment groups. (2) Positive controls shall produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to...

40 CFR 799.9539 - TSCA mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The animals are identified uniquely. The animals are... substance, animals in the control groups should be handled in an identical manner to animals of the treatment groups. (2) Positive controls shall produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to...

40 CFR 799.9539 - TSCA mammalian erythrocyte micronucleus test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... randomly assigned to the control and treatment groups. The animals are identified uniquely. The animals are... substance, animals in the control groups should be handled in an identical manner to animals of the treatment groups. (2) Positive controls shall produce micronuclei in vivo at exposure levels expected to...

29 CFR 1910.16 - Longshoring and marine terminals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Longshoring and marine terminals. 1910.16 Section 1910.16... Standards § 1910.16 Longshoring and marine terminals. (a) Safety and health standards for longshoring. (1... substances. Subpart Z applies to marine cargo handling activities except for the following: (A) When a...

29 CFR 1910.16 - Longshoring and marine terminals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Longshoring and marine terminals. 1910.16 Section 1910.16... Standards § 1910.16 Longshoring and marine terminals. (a) Safety and health standards for longshoring. (1... substances. Subpart Z applies to marine cargo handling activities except for the following: (A) When a...

24 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - Specific Hazardous Substances

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Isopropyl Alcohol Jet Fuel and Kerosene Methyl Alcohol Methyl Amyl Alcohol Methyl Cellosolve Methyl Ethyl... Hazardous Operations Handling Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature Pt. 51... (Petroleum) Cumene Cyclohexane No. 2 Diesel Fuel Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Benzene...

24 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - Specific Hazardous Substances

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Isopropyl Alcohol Jet Fuel and Kerosene Methyl Alcohol Methyl Amyl Alcohol Methyl Cellosolve Methyl Ethyl... Hazardous Operations Handling Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature Pt. 51... (Petroleum) Cumene Cyclohexane No. 2 Diesel Fuel Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Benzene...

24 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - Specific Hazardous Substances

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Isopropyl Alcohol Jet Fuel and Kerosene Methyl Alcohol Methyl Amyl Alcohol Methyl Cellosolve Methyl Ethyl... Hazardous Operations Handling Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature Pt. 51... (Petroleum) Cumene Cyclohexane No. 2 Diesel Fuel Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Benzene...

24 CFR Appendix I to Subpart C of... - Specific Hazardous Substances

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Isopropyl Alcohol Jet Fuel and Kerosene Methyl Alcohol Methyl Amyl Alcohol Methyl Cellosolve Methyl Ethyl... Hazardous Operations Handling Conventional Fuels or Chemicals of an Explosive or Flammable Nature Pt. 51... (Petroleum) Cumene Cyclohexane No. 2 Diesel Fuel Ethyl Acetate Ethyl Acrylate Ethyl Alcohol Ethyl Benzene...

76 FR 78695 - Barry M. Schultz, M.D.; Decision and Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-19

... Government argues that summary disposition is appropriate where the Respondent lacks state authority to... currently lacks state authority to handle controlled substances. [Govt. at 1-2]. The Government attached to...]. Specifically, the Respondent avers that that order is invalid because of its lack of particularized allegations...

76 FR 66969 - Aaron Gloskowski, D.O.; Decision and Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-28

... this Decision and Final Order based on relevant evidence contained in the record submitted by the... of Osteopathic Examiners in Medicine and Surgery (hereinafter, the Board), Registrant is without authority to practice medicine or handle controlled substances in the State of Arizona, the State in which...

Farmers' use of personal protective equipment during handling of plant protection products: Determinants of implementation.

PubMed

Damalas, Christos A; Abdollahzadeh, Gholamhossein

2016-11-15

Understanding factors affecting the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) during handling of plant protection products (PPPs) is of major importance for the design of tailored interventions to minimize exposure among farmers. However, data regarding this issue are highly limited. Factors related to the use of PPE during handling of PPPs were explored in a survey of cotton farmers in northern Greece. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews with the farmers based on a questionnaire with structured items on the frequency of use of various personal protective devices during handling of PPPs. New evidence on patterns of PPE use and potential exposure of farmers to PPPs is provided. Most farmers (49.3%) showed potentially unsafe behaviour with respect to PPE use. Hat and boots were the most commonly used protective items during PPPs use, but most of the farmers surveyed reported low frequency of use for gloves, goggles, face mask, coveralls, and respirator. Especially the respirator was reported to be the least used PPE item amongst farmers. Farmers who perceived PPPs as harmful substances or those who had an episode of intoxication in the past reported more frequent use of several PPE items. Stepwise multiple regression analysis revealed that the variable episode of intoxication in the past exerted the strongest positive influence on PPE use, followed by the perception of PPPs being hazardous substances, upper secondary education, previous training on PPPs (i.e., spraying equipment, application parameters, risks to human health and environment, safety issues) and farm size under cultivation. Old age exerted a significant negative influence on PPE use, namely, elderly farmers tended not to use PPE. Strategies to maximize the protection of applicators of PPPs from hazardous exposures still require innovation to achieve increased effectiveness. Emphasis on lifelong training and education of farmers about hazards and risks of PPPs is crucial for changing wrong behaviours in handling of PPPs. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Acute aquatic toxicity of biodiesel fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wright, B.; Haws, R.; Little, D.

1995-12-31

This study develops data on the acute aquatic toxicity of selected biodiesel fuels which may become subject to environmental effects test regulations under the US Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). The test substances are Rape Methyl Ester (RME), Rape Ethyl Ester (REE), Methyl Soyate (MS), a biodiesel mixture of 20% REE and 80% Diesel, a biodiesel mixture of 50% REE and diesel, and a reference substance of Phillips D-2 Reference Diesel. The test procedure follows the Daphnid Acute Toxicity Test outlined in 40 CFR {section} 797.1300 of the TSCA regulations. Daphnia Magna are exposed to the test substance in amore » flow-through system consisting of a mixing chamber, a proportional diluter, and duplicate test chambers. Novel system modifications are described that accommodate the testing of oil-based test substances with Daphnia. The acute aquatic toxicity is estimated by an EC50, an effective concentration producing immobility in 50% of the test specimen.« less

Hazardous materials: chemistry and safe handling aspects of flammable, toxic and radioactive materials. A course of study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, M.W.

1983-01-01

The subject of this dissertation is a one semester, three credit course designed for students who have taken at least twelve credits college chemistry, and for high school teachers as a continuing education course. The need for such a course arises from the increased concern for safety in recent years and the introduction of many regulations of which the working chemist should be aware, notably those issued by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration. A few colleges have recently started to offer courses in laboratory safety to undergraduate and graduate chemistry students. Thus, there is a need for the developmentmore » of courses in which chemical safety is taught. This course is divided into three units: 1) flammable materials; 2) toxic materials; and 3) radioactive materials. Each unit is self contained and could be taught separately as a one credit course. The material necessary for lecture presentation is given in the text of this dissertation: there are about seven topics in each unit. The chemical properties of selected substances are emphasized. Examples of governmental regulations are given, and there are sample examination questions for each unit and homework assignments that require the use of reference sources. Laboratory exercises are included to enable students to gain experience in the safe handling of hazardous chemicals and of some equipment and instruments used to analyze and study flammable, toxic and radioactive materials.« less

Of Substance: The Nature of Language Effects on Entity Construal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Peggy; Dunham, Yarrow; Carey, Susan

2009-01-01

Shown an entity (e.g., a plastic whisk) labeled by a novel noun in neutral syntax, speakers of Japanese, a classifier language, are more likely to assume the noun refers to the substance (plastic) than are speakers of English, a count/mass language, who are instead more likely to assume it refers to the object kind [whisk; Imai, M., & Gentner, D.…

Flow microreactor synthesis in organo-fluorine chemistry

PubMed Central

Nagaki, Aiichiro

2013-01-01

Summary Organo-fluorine compounds are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Despite increased demand in wide fields of science, synthesis of fluoro-organic compounds is still often faced with problems such as the difficulties in handling of fluorinating reagents and in controlling of chemical reactions. Recently, flow microreactor synthesis has emerged as a new methodology for producing chemical substances with high efficiency. This review outlines the successful examples of synthesis and reactions of fluorine-containing molecules by the use of flow microreactor systems to overcome long-standing problems in fluorine chemistry. PMID:24367443

Flow microreactor synthesis in organo-fluorine chemistry.

PubMed

Amii, Hideki; Nagaki, Aiichiro; Yoshida, Jun-Ichi

2013-12-05

Organo-fluorine compounds are the substances of considerable interest in various industrial fields due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Despite increased demand in wide fields of science, synthesis of fluoro-organic compounds is still often faced with problems such as the difficulties in handling of fluorinating reagents and in controlling of chemical reactions. Recently, flow microreactor synthesis has emerged as a new methodology for producing chemical substances with high efficiency. This review outlines the successful examples of synthesis and reactions of fluorine-containing molecules by the use of flow microreactor systems to overcome long-standing problems in fluorine chemistry.

Getting a Handle on Learning Anatomy with Interactive Three-Dimensional Graphics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stull, Andrew T.; Hegarty, Mary; Mayer, Richard E.

2009-01-01

In 2 experiments, participants learned bone anatomy by using a handheld controller to rotate an on-screen 3-dimensional bone model. The on-screen bone either included orientation references, which consisted of visible lines marking its axes (orientation reference condition), or did not include such references (no-orientation reference condition).…

Nopal Cactus (Opuntia Ficus-Indica) as a Holographic Material

PubMed Central

Olivares-Pérez, Arturo; Toxqui-López, Santa; Padilla-Velasco, Ana L.

2012-01-01

The nopal cactus (Opuntia ficus-indica) releases a substance through its mucilage, which comes from the degradation of pectic substances and chlorophyll. Combined in a polyvinyl alcohol matrix, this substance can be used as a recording medium. The resulting extract material has excellent photosensitizer properties, is easy to handle, has a low cost, and low toxicity. This material has the property of self-developing, and it can be used in holographic applications. The polyvinyl alcohol and extract from the nopal cactus was deposited by a gravity technique on a glass substrate, which dried to form a photosensitive emulsion. We show experimental results on a holographic grating using this material, written by a He-Cd laser (442 nm). We obtained diffraction gratings by transmission with a diffraction efficiency of approximately 32.3% to first order.

An approach to shortening the timeframe between the emergence of new compounds on the drugs market and the availability of reference standards: The microscale syntheses of nitrazolam and clonazolam for use as reference materials, utilizing polymer-supported reagents.

PubMed

Dowling, Geraldine; Kavanagh, Pierce V; Eckhardt, Hans-Georg; Twamley, Brendan; Hessman, Gary; McLaughlin, Gavin; O'Brien, John; Brandt, Simon D

2018-03-15

Nitrazolam and clonazolam are 2 designer benzodiazepines available from Internet retailers. There is growing evidence suggesting that such compounds have the potential to cause severe adverse events. Information about tolerability in humans is scarce but typically, low doses can be difficult to administer for users when handling bulk material. Variability of the active ingredient in tablet formulations can also be of a concern. Customs, toxicology and forensic laboratories are increasingly encountering designer benzodiazepines, both in tablet and powdered form. The unavailability of reference standards can impact on the ability to identify these compounds. Therefore, the need arises for exploring in-house approaches to the preparation of new psychoactive substances (NPS) that can be carried out in a timely manner. The present study was triggered when samples of clonazolam were received in powdered and tablet form at a time when reference material for this drug was commercially unavailable. Therefore, microscale syntheses of clonazolam and its deschloro analog nitrazolam were developed utilizing polymer-supported reagents starting from 2-amino-2'-chloro-5-nitrobenzophenone (clonazolam) and 2-amino-5-nitrobenzophenone (nitrazolam). The final reaction step forming the 1,2,4-triazole ring moiety was performed within a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) injector. A comparison with a preparative scale synthesis of both benzodiazepine derivatives showed that microscale synthesis might be an attractive option for a forensic laboratory in terms of time and cost savings when compared with traditional methods of synthesis and when qualitative identifications are needed to direct forensic casework. The reaction by-product profiles for both the micro and the preparative scale syntheses are also presented. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Neurocognitive Defects and Their Impact on Substance Abuse Treatment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fals-Stewart, William

1993-01-01

Examined prevalence of cognitive deficits in substance abusers (n=108) referred by criminal justice system to complete treatment in drug-free therapeutic community. Findings revealed that substance abusers with neuropsychological deficits were more likely to be removed from program for failure to follow rules and ultimately stayed in residence…

40 CFR 792.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Mixtures of substances with carriers... facility or the sponsor before the experimental start date. (3) To determine the stability of the test, control or reference substance in the mixture before the experimental start date or concomitantly...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

Student Assistance Programs: New Approaches for Reducing Adolescent Substance Abuse.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, David D.; Forster, Jerald R.

1993-01-01

Describes school-based Student Assistance Programs (SAPs), which are designed to reduce adolescents' substance abuse. Notes that SAPs, modeled after Employee Assistance Programs in workplace, are identifying, assessing, referring, and managing cases of substance-abusing students. Sees adoption of SAP model as accelerating in response to growing…

Understanding Substance Use and Addiction Through the Lyrics of Black Sabbath: A Content Analysis.

PubMed

Conway, Kevin P; McGrain, Patrick

2016-10-14

Heavy metal music is distinguished for its deep sound and lyrical fixation with dark themes including war, destruction, doom, and misery. Such subjects permeate the music of Black Sabbath, the band generally considered the pioneers of heavy metal. One theme-substance use-is recurrent in Black Sabbath's songs and personal lives of its members. This study explored the band's relationship with substance use though a content analysis of all songs containing lyrics written and recorded in studio by Black Sabbath. The analysis included 156 songs across 19 albums recorded from 1970 to 2013. Three key findings emerged. First, a minority of songs (13%) contained substance references. Second, the songs with substance references were overwhelmingly (60%) negative, a pattern that increased over time. Third, despite many line-up changes over the band's 43-year period, every song referencing substance use except one featured vocalist Ozzy Osbourne and lyricist Geezer Butler. Contrary to the notion that heavy metal music glorifies or encourages substance use (Record Labeling, United States Senate, 1985), Black Sabbath's lyrics as a whole weave a cautionary tale of how persistent substance use can hijack free will, become the dominant focus of the affected individual, and produce myriad forms of human misery. The insidiousness of chronic substance use depicted by the lyrics mirrors findings from natural-history studies of individuals with substance use disorders and aligns with neurobiological heuristics of addiction.

Handling Qualities of Model Reference Adaptive Controllers with Varying Complexity for Pitch-Roll Coupled Failures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schaefer, Jacob; Hanson, Curt; Johnson, Marcus A.; Nguyen, Nhan

2011-01-01

Three model reference adaptive controllers (MRAC) with varying levels of complexity were evaluated on a high performance jet aircraft and compared along with a baseline nonlinear dynamic inversion controller. The handling qualities and performance of the controllers were examined during failure conditions that induce coupling between the pitch and roll axes. Results from flight tests showed with a roll to pitch input coupling failure, the handling qualities went from Level 2 with the baseline controller to Level 1 with the most complex MRAC tested. A failure scenario with the left stabilator frozen also showed improvement with the MRAC. Improvement in performance and handling qualities was generally seen as complexity was incrementally added; however, added complexity usually corresponds to increased verification and validation effort required for certification. The tradeoff between complexity and performance is thus important to a controls system designer when implementing an adaptive controller on an aircraft. This paper investigates this relation through flight testing of several controllers of vary complexity.

Early handling effect on female rat spatial and non-spatial learning and memory.

PubMed

Plescia, Fulvio; Marino, Rosa A M; Navarra, Michele; Gambino, Giuditta; Brancato, Anna; Sardo, Pierangelo; Cannizzaro, Carla

2014-03-01

This study aims at providing an insight into early handling procedures on learning and memory performance in adult female rats. Early handling procedures were started on post-natal day 2 until 21, and consisted in 15 min, daily separations of the dams from their litters. Assessment of declarative memory was carried out in the novel-object recognition task; spatial learning, reference- and working memory were evaluated in the Morris water maze (MWM). Our results indicate that early handling induced an enhancement in: (1) declarative memory, in the object recognition task, both at 1h and 24h intervals; (2) reference memory in the probe test and working memory and behavioral flexibility in the "single-trial and four-trial place learning paradigm" of the MWM. Short-term separation by increasing maternal care causes a dampening in HPA axis response in the pups. A modulated activation of the stress response may help to protect brain structures, involved in cognitive function. In conclusion, this study shows the long-term effects of a brief maternal separation in enhancing object recognition-, spatial reference- and working memory in female rats, remarking the impact of early environmental experiences and the consequent maternal care on the behavioral adaptive mechanisms in adulthood. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

USSR Report. Life Sciences: Biomedical and Behavioral Sciences

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-31

BIOKHIMIYA I MIKROBIOLOGIYA, No 4, Jul-Aug 85) 6 Bioactive Substances of Botrytis Cinerea (Literature Review) (M.V. Filimonova; PRIKLADNAYA...references 6: 5 Russian, 1 Western. 12172/13046 CSO: 1840/192 UDC 577.169;577.17 BIOACTIVE SUBSTANCES OF BOTRYTIS CINEREA (LITERATURE REVIEW) Moscow...with the various bioactive substances produced by the fungus Botrytis cinerea Pers. Among the substances produced by B. cinerea are photoreceptors

14 CFR 139.321 - Handling and storing of hazardous substances and materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Public protection. (3) Control of access to storage areas. (4) Fire safety in fuel farm and storage areas. (5) Fire safety in mobile fuelers, fueling pits, and fueling cabinets. (6) Training of fueling personnel in fire safety in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. Such training at Class III...

14 CFR 139.321 - Handling and storing of hazardous substances and materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...) Public protection. (3) Control of access to storage areas. (4) Fire safety in fuel farm and storage areas. (5) Fire safety in mobile fuelers, fueling pits, and fueling cabinets. (6) Training of fueling personnel in fire safety in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. Such training at Class III...

14 CFR 139.321 - Handling and storing of hazardous substances and materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...) Public protection. (3) Control of access to storage areas. (4) Fire safety in fuel farm and storage areas. (5) Fire safety in mobile fuelers, fueling pits, and fueling cabinets. (6) Training of fueling personnel in fire safety in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. Such training at Class III...

14 CFR 139.321 - Handling and storing of hazardous substances and materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Public protection. (3) Control of access to storage areas. (4) Fire safety in fuel farm and storage areas. (5) Fire safety in mobile fuelers, fueling pits, and fueling cabinets. (6) Training of fueling personnel in fire safety in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. Such training at Class III...

14 CFR 139.321 - Handling and storing of hazardous substances and materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...) Public protection. (3) Control of access to storage areas. (4) Fire safety in fuel farm and storage areas. (5) Fire safety in mobile fuelers, fueling pits, and fueling cabinets. (6) Training of fueling personnel in fire safety in accordance with paragraph (e) of this section. Such training at Class III...

21 CFR 1305.07 - Special procedure for filling certain orders.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 9 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Special procedure for filling certain orders. 1305.07 Section 1305.07 Food and Drugs DRUG ENFORCEMENT ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORDERS FOR... management programs, or research, and is authorized by the Administrator to handle these substances, may fill...

The Hydrogen Challenge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roman, Harry T.

2012-01-01

Handling dangerous substances has come to define a society. People drive around with the explosive equivalent of twenty sticks of dynamite in their gasoline tanks without batting an eye. They use open flames to cook their food and heat their homes. Propane barbecue tanks are sold everywhere in the country, and left outside their homes for several…

Zero Tolerance: Don't Be a Square!

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warren, Thomas P.; Rich, Wesley D.; Townsend, Megan; Mohrbutter, Trent L.; Brinson, Kenneth H.

2010-01-01

At Wentworth, rule violations are normally minor in nature and handled at the private school administration's discretion. A recent event involving the possession and use of alcohol during an off-campus school overnight activity leads to the development of a zero tolerance substance abuse policy. The zero tolerance policy is tested by one of the…

36 CFR 1237.30 - How do agencies manage records on nitrocellulose-base and cellulose-acetate base film?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... records on nitrocellulose-base and cellulose-acetate base film? 1237.30 Section 1237.30 Parks, Forests... and cellulose-acetate base film? (a) The nitrocellulose base, a substance akin to gun cotton, is chemically unstable and highly flammable. Agencies must handle nitrocellulose-base film (used in the...

Teaching about Hazardous Materials. ERIC/SMEAC Environmental Education Digest No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Disinger, John F.

Problems related to the handling of hazardous substances and toxic wastes have escalated making this environmental dilemma a national concern. This digest provides an update of key legislative and management efforts associated with hazardous wastes and reviews current instructional materials in the area. Major topics addressed include: (1) waste…

77 FR 67671 - Larry Elbert Perry, M.D.; Decision and Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-13

... Respondent does ``not have authority to practice medicine or handle controlled substances in the State of... Request contended that the loss of his Kentucky authority was based, in large part, on a disciplinary action by the Tennessee Board of Medicine, and that an extension should be granted for ``a reasonable...

Hypothesis-driven classification of materials using nuclear magnetic resonance relaxometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Espy, Michelle A.; Matlashov, Andrei N.; Schultz, Larry J.

Technologies related to identification of a substance in an optimized manner are provided. A reference group of known materials is identified. Each known material has known values for several classification parameters. The classification parameters comprise at least one of T.sub.1, T.sub.2, T.sub.1.rho., a relative nuclear susceptibility (RNS) of the substance, and an x-ray linear attenuation coefficient (LAC) of the substance. A measurement sequence is optimized based on at least one of a measurement cost of each of the classification parameters and an initial probability of each of the known materials in the reference group.

Schedules of Controlled Substances: Temporary Placement of Six Synthetic Cannabinoids (5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA and MDMB-FUBINACA) into Schedule I. Temporary Scheduling Order.

PubMed

2017-04-10

The Administrator of the Drug Enforcement Administration is issuing this temporary scheduling order to schedule six synthetic cannabinoids: methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate [5F-ADB; 5F-MDMB-PINACA]; methyl 2-(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3-methylbutanoate [5F-AMB]; N-(adamantan-1-yl)-1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide [5F-APINACA, 5F-AKB48]; N-(1-amino-3,3-dimethyl-1-oxobutan-2-yl)-1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamide [ADB-FUBINACA]; methyl 2-(1-(cyclohexylmethyl)-1H-indole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate [MDMB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMINACA] and methyl 2-(1-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-indazole-3-carboxamido)-3,3-dimethylbutanoate [MDMB-FUBINACA], and their optical, positional, and geometric isomers, salts, and salts of isomers into schedule I pursuant to the temporary scheduling provisions of the Controlled Substances Act. This action is based on a finding by the Administrator that the placement of these synthetic cannabinoids into schedule I of the Controlled Substances Act is necessary to avoid an imminent hazard to the public safety. As a result of this order, the regulatory controls and administrative, civil, and criminal sanctions applicable to schedule I controlled substances will be imposed on persons who handle (manufacture, distribute, reverse distribute, import, export, engage in research, conduct instructional activities or chemical analysis, or possess), or propose to handle, 5F-ADB, 5F-AMB, 5F-APINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, MDMB-CHMICA or MDMB-FUBINACA.

Safer energetic materials by a nanotechnological approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siegert, Benny; Comet, Marc; Spitzer, Denis

2011-09-01

Energetic materials - explosives, thermites, populsive powders - are used in a variety of military and civilian applications. Their mechanical and electrostatic sensitivity is high in many cases, which can lead to accidents during handling and transport. These considerations limit the practical use of some energetic materials despite their good performance. For industrial applications, safety is one of the main criteria for selecting energetic materials. The sensitivity has been regarded as an intrinsic property of a substance for a long time. However, in recent years, several approaches to lower the sensitivity of a given substance, using nanotechnology and materials engineering, have been described. This feature article gives an overview over ways to prepare energetic (nano-)materials with a lower sensitivity.Energetic materials - explosives, thermites, populsive powders - are used in a variety of military and civilian applications. Their mechanical and electrostatic sensitivity is high in many cases, which can lead to accidents during handling and transport. These considerations limit the practical use of some energetic materials despite their good performance. For industrial applications, safety is one of the main criteria for selecting energetic materials. The sensitivity has been regarded as an intrinsic property of a substance for a long time. However, in recent years, several approaches to lower the sensitivity of a given substance, using nanotechnology and materials engineering, have been described. This feature article gives an overview over ways to prepare energetic (nano-)materials with a lower sensitivity. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Experimental details for the preparation of the V2O5@CNF/Al nanothermite; X-ray diffractogram of the V2O5@CNF/Al combustion residue; installation instructions and source code for the nt-timeline program. See DOI: 10.1039/c1nr10292c

WHO Melting-Point Reference Substances

PubMed Central

Bervenmark, H.; Diding, N. Å.; Öhrner, B.

1963-01-01

Batches of 13 highly purified chemicals, intended for use as reference substances in the calibration of apparatus for melting-point determinations, have been subjected to a collaborative assay by 15 laboratories in 13 countries. All the laboratories performed melting-point determinations by the capillary methods described in the proposed text for the second edition of the Pharmacopoea Internationalis and some, in addition, carried out determinations by the microscope hot stage (Kofler) method, using both the “going-through” and the “equilibrium” technique. Statistical analysis of the data obtained by the capillary method showed that the within-laboratory variation was small and that the between-laboratory variation, though constituting the greatest part of the whole variance, was not such as to warrant the exclusion of any laboratory from the evaluation of the results. The average values of the melting-points obtained by the laboratories can therefore be used as constants for the substances in question, which have accordingly been established as WHO Melting-Point Reference Substances and included in the WHO collection of authentic chemical substances. As to the microscope hot stage method, analysis of the results indicated that the values obtained by the “going-through” technique did not differ significantly from those obtained by the capillary method, but the values obtained by the “equilibrium” technique were mostly significantly lower. PMID:20604137

Applicability of rat precision-cut lung slices in evaluating nanomaterial cytotoxicity, apoptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sauer, Ursula G.; Vogel, Sandra; Product Stewardship Water Solutions, BASF SE, Ludwigshafen

2014-04-01

The applicability of rat precision-cut lung slices (PCLuS) in detecting nanomaterial (NM) toxicity to the respiratory tract was investigated evaluating sixteen OECD reference NMs (TiO{sub 2}, ZnO, CeO{sub 2}, SiO{sub 2}, Ag, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)). Upon 24-hour test substance exposure, the PCLuS system was able to detect early events of NM toxicity: total protein, reduction in mitochondrial activity, caspase-3/-7 activation, glutathione depletion/increase, cytokine induction, and histopathological evaluation. Ion shedding NMS (ZnO and Ag) induced severe tissue destruction detected by the loss of total protein. Two anatase TiO{sub 2} NMs, CeO{sub 2} NMs, and two MWCNT caused significant (determined bymore » trend analysis) cytotoxicity in the WST-1 assay. At non-cytotoxic concentrations, different TiO{sub 2} NMs and one MWCNT increased GSH levels, presumably a defense response to reactive oxygen species, and these substances further induced a variety of cytokines. One of the SiO{sub 2} NMs increased caspase-3/-7 activities at non-cytotoxic levels, and one rutile TiO{sub 2} only induced cytokines. Investigating these effects is, however, not sufficient to predict apical effects found in vivo. Reproducibility of test substance measurements was not fully satisfactory, especially in the GSH and cytokine assays. Effects were frequently observed in negative controls pointing to tissue slice vulnerability even though prepared and handled with utmost care. Comparisons of the effects observed in the PCLuS to in vivo effects reveal some concordances for the metal oxide NMs, but less so for the MWCNT. The highest effective dosages, however, exceeded those reported for rat short-term inhalation studies. To become applicable for NM testing, the PCLuS system requires test protocol optimization. - Highlights: • 16 OECD reference nanomaterials were tested in rat precision-cut lung slices. • Nanomaterial cytotoxicity, apoptose, oxidative stress, and inflammation were detected. • Investigating these early effects is not sufficient to predict in vivo outcome. • Reproducibility was not fully satisfactory in the glutathione and cytokine assays. • Further work is required to adjust effective dosages in vitro to in vivo doses.« less

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

40 CFR 160.113 - Mixtures of substances with carriers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... standard operating procedures, which provide for periodic analysis of each batch. (b) Where any of the...) PESTICIDE PROGRAMS GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Test, Control, and Reference Substances § 160.113...

76 FR 5829 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-02

... bulk manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana.... In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk manufacture cannabidiol as a...

75 FR 53720 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-01

... Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I Alphamethadol (9605) I Nabilone (7379) II... controlled substances in bulk for distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana...

76 FR 51401 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-18

... bulk manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana... development and for distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company...

7 CFR 985.4 - Spearmint oil.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... HANDLING OF SPEARMINT OIL PRODUCED IN THE FAR WEST Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 985.4 Spearmint oil. Spearmint oil, hereinafter referred to as oil, means essential oil extracted by distillation from... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Spearmint oil. 985.4 Section 985.4 Agriculture...

77 FR 2324 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-17

... manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I... distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

76 FR 51401 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-18

... a bulk manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana... ingredients (APIs) for distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company...

76 FR 17968 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-31

... manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I... distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

75 FR 75496 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-03

... controlled substances listed in schedule I and II: Drug Schedule Marijuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols... customers for non- clinical, laboratory-based research only. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marijuana), the...

Relations between normative beliefs and initiation intentions toward cigarette, alcohol and marijuana.

PubMed

Olds, R Scott; Thombs, Dennis L; Tomasek, Jennifer Ray

2005-07-01

To examine the relations between normative beliefs and intentions to initiate cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use among adolescents reporting no prior use. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 6,594 seventh- to twelfth-grade students in northeast Ohio. Separate analyses were conducted on sub-samples of respondents reporting no prior use of each substance. Within each of these 3 sub-samples, respondents were classified as holding high-risk intentions if they reported that they intended to begin using that particular substance within the next 6 months or were "not sure" of their intentions. Those reporting that they did not intend to start using a substance were classified as holding low-risk intentions. Multivariate logistic regression analyses examined the relations between normative beliefs and intention status (low- vs. high-risk), while accounting for socio-demographic characteristics. Across all 3 substances, normative beliefs were stronger predictors of intention status than socio-demographic variables. Higher levels of perceived acceptability and perceived prevalence were associated with holding high-risk intentions. Normative belief measures assessing close friend and sibling reference groups were much more important in explaining intention status than those assessing other reference groups (e.g., same age peers). Among adolescents with no prior use, normative beliefs concerning close friends and siblings may play an important role in the catalysis and support of intentions to initiate substance use. These findings challenge the utility of primary prevention strategies that provide normative feedback based on rates of substance use among distal reference groups.

Quasi-experimental evaluation of a substance use awareness educational intervention for nursing students.

PubMed

Cadiz, David M; O'Neill, Chris; Butell, Sue S; Epeneter, Beverly J; Basin, Basilia

2012-07-01

This article reports on a study that evaluated the effectiveness of an educational intervention, Addressing Nurse Impairment, for addressing nursing students' knowledge acquisition, changes in self-efficacy to intervene, and changes in substance abuse stigma. A gap exists in nursing students' education regarding the risks of addiction within the profession and how to handle a colleague suspected of having a substance use disorder. The seminar was adapted from an existing evidence-based prevention program called Team Awareness, as well as information from focus groups and a pilot test. A quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design was used to evaluate the effect of the seminar. When the control and experimental groups were compared, the results indicated that the seminar significantly affected knowledge and self-efficacy to intervene but did not significantly affect stigma. This research contributes to the body of evidence related to educational interventions for nursing students regarding substance abuse in the nursing profession. Copyright 2012, SLACK Incorporated.

[Working environment measurement of radioactive substances].

PubMed

Kunugita, Naoki

2007-12-01

The control of the working environment is one of the most important duties in any working place to prevent occupational disease. In Japan, in the case of the controlled area using unsealed radioisotopes, the measurement of the concentration of airborne radioactive substances should be carried out under the regulations of the "Industrial Safety and Health Law" and the "Ordinance on Prevention of Ionizing Radiation Hazards". Many reports showed that the results of regular working environment measurements of radioactive substances were about background levels. Safe working environments are sufficiently guaranteed by a suitable estimation and handling under the strict regulation by the "Laws Concerning the Prevention from Radiation Hazards Due to Radioisotopes and Others". The regulation by "Ordinance on Prevention of Ionizing Radiation Hazards" would be relaxed in the field of education and research, which use very low quantities of radioactive substances, in ways such as estimation by calculation in place of the actual measurement, decrease of the number of monthly measurements, and measurement exemption for low levels of isotopes.

Substance abuse issues among women in domestic violence programs: findings from North Carolina.

PubMed

Martin, Sandra L; Moracco, Kathryn E; Chang, Judy C; Council, Carol L; Dulli, Lisa S

2008-09-01

This article discusses the results of a survey of North Carolina domestic violence programs that found that substance abuse problems are common among program clients, yet only half of the programs had policies concerning substance-abusing clients, and one fourth had memoranda of agreement with substance abuse treatment providers. Most programs with shelters asked clients about substance use; however, one third of the shelters would not admit women if they were noticeably under the influence of substances while seeking shelter residence, instead referring them to substance abuse programs. Approximately one tenth of the domestic violence programs did not have any staff or volunteers with training in substance abuse issues. Implications are discussed.

Booze, drugs, and pop music: trends in substance portrayals in the billboard top 100-1968-2008.

PubMed

Christenson, Peter; Roberts, Donald F; Bjork, Nicholas

2012-01-01

This paper presents the results of a content analysis of alcohol and drug portrayals in the top 100 Billboard songs from each of the years 1968, 1978, 1988, 1998, and 2008, thus allowing both a characterization of substance portrayals in music generally and an analysis of changes over time. Of the final sample of 496 songs, 10.3% contained a reference to alcohol and 5.7% contained a reference to drugs. A substantial increase was found over the decades, and in particular over the last two: in 1988, 12% of songs referred to either or both classes of substance, compared to 30% in 2008. Marijuana was by far the most frequently mentioned drug. Both alcohol and drugs were much more likely to be portrayed positively than negatively, especially in recent decades. The results are discussed in terms of relevant theories of media processing and impact.

Alleviating the reference standard dilemma using a systematic exact mass suspect screening approach with liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Moschet, Christoph; Piazzoli, Alessandro; Singer, Heinz; Hollender, Juliane

2013-11-05

In this study, the efficiency of a suspect screening strategy using liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) without the prior purchase of reference standards was systematically optimized and evaluated for assessing the exposure of rarely investigated pesticides and their transformation products (TPs) in 76 surface water samples. Water-soluble and readily ionizable (electrospray ionization) substances, 185 in total, were selected from a list of all insecticides and fungicides registered in Switzerland and their major TPs. Initially, a solid phase extraction-LC-HRMS method was established using 45 known, persistent, and high sales volume pesticides. Seventy percent of these target substances had limit of quantitation (LOQ) < 5 ng L(-1). This compound set was then used to develop and optimize a HRMS suspect screening method using only the exact mass as a priori information. Thresholds for blank subtraction, peak area, peak shape, signal-to-noise, and isotopic pattern were applied to automatically filter the initially picked peaks. The success rate was 70%; false negatives mainly resulted from low intense peaks. The optimized approach was applied to the remaining 140 substances. Nineteen additional substances were detected in environmental samples, two TPs for the first time in the environment. Sixteen substances were confirmed with reference standards purchased subsequently, while three TP standards could be obtained from industry or other laboratories. Overall, this screening approach was fast and very successful and can easily be expanded to other micropollutant classes for which reference standards are not readily accessible such as TPs of household chemicals.

Safe handling of cytotoxic compounds in a biopharmaceutical environment.

PubMed

Hensgen, Miriam I; Stump, Bernhard

2013-01-01

Handling cytotoxic drugs such as antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) in a biopharmaceutical environment represents a challenge based on the potency of the compounds. These derivatives are dangerous to humans if they accidentally get in contact with the skin, are inhaled, or are ingested, either as pure compounds in their solid state or as a solution dissolved in a co-solvent. Any contamination of people involved in the manufacturing process has to be avoided. On the other hand, biopharmaceuticals need to be protected simultaneously against any contamination from the manufacturing personnel. Therefore, a tailor-made work environment is mandatory in order to manufacture ADCs. This asks for appropriate technical equipment to keep potential hazardous substances contained. In addition, clearly defined working procedures based on risk assessments as well as proper training for all personnel involved in the manufacturing process are needed to safely handle these highly potent pharmaceuticals.

77 FR 75670 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Registration, AMRI Rensselaer, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-21

... bulk manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana... development and for distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company...

77 FR 52368 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Austin Pharma, LLC.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-29

... a bulk manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana... ingredients (APIs) for distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company...

Asbestos: A Lingering Danger. AIO Red Paper #20.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malcolm, Stuart

Its unique qualities makes asbestos extremely useful in industry, yet it is termed one of the most dangerous and insidious substances in the work place. Composed of mostly fibers, asbestos is readily freed into the atmosphere during handling, constituting a real health risk. There are two ways asbestos can enter the human body: by inhalation or…

It Comes with the Territory: Handling Problem Situations in Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Anne M.

Written from the perspective of a working director, this book is a guide to setting fair and appropriate behavior rules and training staff in how to implement them. Policies for exhibit and meeting room use; issues surrounding street people, the mentally ill, and substance abusers; sexual deviancy and parental child abuse in the library;…

Implications of handling practices on the ecotoxic profile of alumina nanoparticles towards the bacteria Vibrio fischeri.

PubMed

Tsiridis, Vasilios; Petala, Maria; Koukiotis, Chris; Darakas, Efthymios

2017-01-02

The complex nature and behavior of Engineered Nanomaterials (ENMs) has led to adoption of customized experimental ecotoxicity practices that are prone to possible artefacts in the inherent toxic properties of ENMs. In addition, the lack of standardized handling procedures for the ecotoxicity testing of ENMs prevents the development of experimental protocols for regulatory purposes. In this study, a suite of techniques for dispersion of ENMs was adopted and tested for two types of surface-modified alumina nanoparticles-one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic-towards the bacteria, Vibrio fischeri. The effect of certain handling practices on the observed ecotoxic effects on V. fischeri was examined. The overall goal was to evaluate by what means the handling practices of ENMs may affect the obtained toxicity results. It was realized that the toxicity of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic ENMs was mainly affected by the centrifugation and the salinity of the tested dispersions, respectively. It is more likely that both aluminium and coating substance contributed to the overall toxicity. Toxicity results are discussed with regard to generic physicochemical characteristics of the dispersions.

Airborne bacteria and fungi associated with waste-handling work.

PubMed

Park, Donguk; Ryu, Seunghun; Kim, Shinbum; Byun, Hyaejeong; Yoon, Chungsik; Lee, Kyeongmin

2013-01-01

Municipal workers handling household waste are potentially exposed to a variety of toxic and pathogenic substances, in particular airborne bacteria, gram-negative bacteria (GNB), and fungi. However, relatively little is known about the conditions under which exposure is facilitated. This study assessed levels of airborne bacteria, GNB, and fungi, and examined these in relation to the type of waste-handling activity (collection, transfer, transport, and sorting at the waste preprocessing plant), as well as a variety of other environmental and occupational factors. Airborne microorganisms were sampled using an Andersen single-stage sampler equipped with agar plates containing the appropriate nutritional medium and then cultured to determine airborne levels. Samples were taken during collection, transfer, transport, and sorting of household waste. Multiple regression analysis was used to identify environmental and occupational factors that significantly affect airborne microorganism levels during waste-handling activities. The "type of waste-handling activity" was the only factor that significantly affected airborne levels of bacteria and GNB, accounting for 38% (P = 0.029) and 50% (P = 0.0002) of the variation observed in bacteria and GNB levels, respectively. In terms of fungi, the type of waste-handling activity (R2 = 0.76) and whether collection had also occurred on the day prior to sampling (P < 0.0001, R2 = 0.78) explained most of the observed variation. Given that the type of waste-handling activity was significantly correlated with levels of bacteria, GNB, and fungi, we suggest that various engineering, administrative, and regulatory measures should be considered to reduce the occupational exposure to airborne microorganisms in the waste-handling industry.

The detection of drugs of abuse in fingerprints using Raman spectroscopy II: cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Day, Joanna S.; Edwards, Howell G. M.; Dobrowski, Steven A.; Voice, Alison M.

2004-07-01

This paper describes the application of Raman spectroscopy to the detection of exogenous substances in cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints. The scenario considered was that of an individual handling a substance and subsequently depositing a contaminated fingerprint. These fingerprints were enhanced by cyanoacrylate fuming, a process in which a layer of white cyanoacrylate polymer is deposited on the fingerprint material, enabling visual detection. Five drugs of abuse (codeine phosphate, cocaine hydrochloride, amphetamine sulphate, barbital and nitrazepam) and five non-controlled substances of similar appearance, which may be used in the adulteration of drugs of abuse (caffeine, aspirin, paracetamol, starch and talc), were used. The substances studied could be clearly distinguished using their Raman spectra and were all successfully detected in cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints. Photobleaching was necessary to reduce the fluorescence background in the spectra of some substances. Raman spectra obtained from the substances in cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints were of a similar quality to spectra obtained from the substances under normal sampling conditions, however, interfering Raman bands arising from the cyanoacrylate polymer were present in the spectra. In most cases the only interfering band was the CN stretching mode of the polymer, and there were no cases where the interfering bands prevented identification of the substances. If necessary, the interfering bands could be successfully removed by spectral subtraction. The most difficult aspect of the detection of these substances in cyanoacrylate-fumed fingerprints was visually locating the substance in the fingerprint beneath the polymer layer in order to obtain a Raman spectrum.

Current challenges and problems in the field of new psychoactive substances in Germany from a law enforcement perspective.

PubMed

Duffert, Anna

2014-01-01

Over the last few years, a range of so-called new psychoactive substances (NPS) have established themselves on the German recreational drug scene, causing increased concern. At the same time, a great number of Internet shops have come into existence offering these substances for sale online, ensuring a high level of availability. A number of these substances derived from pharmaceutical research which did not result in marketing authorization, presumably due to unfavourable properties. There are hardly any reliable data on long-term health damage, addictive potential, and other aspects of these scientifically unexplored substances. A number of fatal intoxications have also become known. As a rule, the mostly young consumers do not know what substance they are taking and in what concentration, thus exposing themselves to incalculable health risks and consequences. The punishability of the handling of NPS depends on the actual content: the Narcotic Drugs Act (BtMG) is applicable if a product contains narcotic drugs. If similarly effective substances are contained, which are not classified as narcotic drugs, the (penal) provisions of the Medicinal Products Act might be applicable, if the product has a pharmaceutical effect. Experience gained so far has shown that manufacturers of these intoxicating substances react immediately to inclusions in the German BtMG and put new substances on the market which are chemically similar to the known substances thus circumventing legislation. In view of the immense variety of NPS and the enormous profits derived from their sale, an end to this development is not in sight. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of sample handling methods on substance P concentrations and immunoreactivity in bovine blood samples.

PubMed

Mosher, Ruby A; Coetzee, Johann F; Allen, Portia S; Havel, James A; Griffith, Gary R; Wang, Chong

2014-02-01

To determine the effects of protease inhibitors and holding times and temperatures before processing on the stability of substance P in bovine blood samples. Blood samples obtained from a healthy 6-month-old calf. Blood samples were dispensed into tubes containing exogenous substance P and 1 of 6 degradative enzyme inhibitor treatments: heparin, EDTA, EDTA with 1 of 2 concentrations of aprotinin, or EDTA with 1 of 2 concentrations of a commercially available protease inhibitor cocktail. Plasma was harvested immediately following collection or after 1, 3, 6, 12, or 24 hours of holding at ambient (20.3° to 25.4°C) or ice bath temperatures. Total substance P immunoreactivity was determined with an ELISA; concentrations of the substance P parent molecule, a metabolite composed of the 9 terminal amino acids, and a metabolite composed of the 5 terminal amino acids were determined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Regarding blood samples processed immediately, no significant differences in substance P concentrations or immunoreactivity were detected among enzyme inhibitor treatments. In blood samples processed at 1 hour of holding, substance P parent molecule concentration was significantly lower for ambient temperature versus ice bath temperature holding conditions; aprotinin was the most effective inhibitor of substance P degradation at the ice bath temperature. The ELISA substance P immunoreactivity was typically lower for blood samples with heparin versus samples with other inhibitors processed at 1 hour of holding in either temperature condition. Results suggested that blood samples should be chilled and plasma harvested within 1 hour after collection to prevent substance P degradation.

Handling Discourse: Gestures, Reference Tracking, and Communication Strategies in Early L2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gullberg, Marianne

2006-01-01

The production of cohesive discourse, especially maintained reference, poses problems for early second language L2 speakers. This paper considers a communicative account of overexplicit L2 discourse by focusing on the interdependence between spoken and gestural cohesion, the latter being expressed by anchoring of referents in gesture space.…

Ground-based and in-flight simulator studies of flight characteristics of a twin-fuselage passenger transport airplane during approach and landing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grantham, W. D.; Smith, P. M.; Neely, W. R., Jr.; Deal, P. L.; Yenni, K. R.

1985-01-01

Six-degree-of-freedom ground-based and in-flight simulator studies were conducted to evaluate the low-speed flight characteristics of a twin-fuselage passenger transport airplane and to compare these characteristics with those of a large, single-fuselage (reference) transport configuration similar to the Lockheed C-5A airplane. The primary piloting task was the approach and landing task. The results of this study indicated that the twin-fuselage transport concept had acceptable but unsatisfactory longitudinal and lateral-directional low-speed flight characteristics, and that stability and control augmentation would be required in order to improve the handling qualities. Through the use of rate-command/attitude-hold augmentation in the pitch and roll axes, and the use of several turn coordination features, the handling qualities of the simulated transport were improved appreciably. The in-flight test results showed excellent agreement with those of the six-degree-of-freedom ground-based simulator handling qualities tests. As a result of the in-flight simulation study, a roll-control-induced normal-acceleration criterion was developed. The handling qualities of the augmented twin-fuselage passenger transport airplane exhibited an improvement over the handling characteristics of the reference (single-fuselage) transport.

78 FR 30332 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances, Notice of Application, Austin Pharma, Llc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-22

...) to be registered as a bulk manufacturer of Marihuana (7360), a basic class of controlled substance... distribution to its customers. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

Influence of temperament score and handling facility on stress, reproductive hormone concentrations, and fixed time AI pregnancy rates in beef heifers.

PubMed

Kasimanickam, R; Schroeder, S; Assay, M; Kasimanickam, V; Moore, D A; Gay, J M; Whittier, W D

2014-10-01

The objectives were (i) to evaluate the effect of temperament, determined by modified 2-point chute exit and gait score, on artificial insemination (AI) pregnancy rates in beef heifers following fixed time AI and (ii) to determine the effect of temperament on cortisol, substance-P, prolactin and progesterone at initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Angus beef heifers (n = 967) at eight locations were included in this study. At the initiation of synchronization (Day 0 = initiation of synchronization), all heifers received a body condition score (BCS), and temperament score (0 = calm; slow exit and walk or 1 = excitable; fast exit or jump or trot or run). Blood samples were collected from a sub-population of heifers (n = 86) at both synchronization initiation and the time of AI to determine the differences in serum progesterone, cortisol, prolactin and substance-P concentrations between temperament groups. Heifers were synchronized with 5-day CO-Synch+ controlled internal drug release (CIDR) protocol and were inseminated at 56 h after CIDR removal. Heifers were examined for pregnancy by ultrasound 70 days after AI to determine AI pregnancy. Controlling for synchronization treatment (p = 0.03), facility design (p = 0.05), and cattle handling facility design by temperament score interaction (p = 0.02), the AI pregnancy differed between heifers with excitable and calm temperament (51.9% vs 60.3%; p = 0.01). The alley-way with acute bends and turns, and long straight alley-way had lower AI pregnancy rate than did the semicircular alley-way (53.5%, 56.3% and 67.0% respectively; p = 0.05). The serum hormone concentrations differed significantly between different types of cattle handling facility (p < 0.05). The cattle handling facility design by temperament group interactions significantly influenced progesterone (p = 0.01), cortisol (p = 0.01), prolactin (p = 0.02) and substance-P (p = 0.04) both at the initiation of synchronization and at the time of AI. Inter- and intra-rater agreement for temperament scoring were moderate and good (Kappa = 0.596 ± 0.07 and 0.797 ± 0.11) respectively. The predictive value for calm and pregnant to AI was 0.87, and excited and non-pregnant to AI was 0.76. In conclusion, the modified 2-point temperament scoring method can be used to identify heifers with excitable temperament. Heifers with excitable temperament had lower AI pregnancy. Further, cattle handling facility design influenced the temperament and AI pregnancy. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

A Comparison of Treatment Outcomes for Individuals with Substance Use Disorder Alone and Individuals with Probable Dual Diagnosis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cridland, Elizabeth K.; Deane, Frank P.; Hsu, Ching-I; Kelly, Peter J.

2012-01-01

The co-occurrence of substance use and mental health problems, often referred to as dual diagnosis (DD), is increasingly recognised as commonplace within substance abuse treatment programs. Two-hundred and thirty-four individuals from 9 Australian Salvation Army drug and alcohol rehabilitation programs completed a 3-month post-discharge telephone…

16 CFR 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... not require animals, are presented in the CPSC's animal testing policy set forth in 16 CFR 1500.232. A... test animals. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c)(1)(ii)(C) and (c)(2... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Method of testing toxic substances. 1500.40...

Waste Handling and Emplacement Options for Disposal of Radioactive Waste in Deep Boreholes.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cochran, John R.; Hardin, Ernest

2015-11-01

Traditional methods cannot be used to handle and emplace radioactive wastes in boreholes up to 16,400 feet (5 km) deep for disposal. This paper describes three systems that can be used for handling and emplacing waste packages in deep borehole: (1) a 2011 reference design that is based on a previous study by Woodward–Clyde in 1983 in which waste packages are assembled into “strings” and lowered using drill pipe; (2) an updated version of the 2011 reference design; and (3) a new concept in which individual waste packages would be lowered to depth using a wireline. Emplacement on coiled tubingmore » was also considered, but not developed in detail. The systems described here are currently designed for U.S. Department of Energy-owned high-level waste (HLW) including the Cesium- 137/Strontium-90 capsules from the Hanford Facility and bulk granular HLW from fuel processing in Idaho.« less

77 FR 31388 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Capricorn Pharma, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-25

... importer of Fentanyl (9801), a basic class of controlled substance listed in schedule II. The company plans... manufactured FDF to foreign markets. In reference to the import of Fentanyl (9801), the authorization for the...

The determination of water in crude oil and transformer oil reference materials.

PubMed

Margolis, Sam A; Hagwood, Charles

2003-05-01

The measurement of the amount of water in oils is of significant economic importance to the industrial community, particularly to the electric power and crude oil industries. The amount of water in transformer oils is critical to their normal function and the amount of water in crude oils affects the cost of the crude oil at the well head, the pipeline, and the refinery. Water in oil Certified Reference Materials (CRM) are essential for the accurate calibration of instruments that are used by these industries. Three NIST Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) have been prepared for this purpose. The water in these oils has been measured by both coulometric and volumetric Karl Fischer methods. The compounds (such as sulfur compounds) that interfere with the Karl Fischer reaction (interfering substances) and inflate the values for water by also reacting with iodine have been measured coulometrically. The measured water content of Reference Material (RM) 8506a Transformer Oil is 12.1+/-1.9 mg kg(-1) (plus an additional 6.2+/-0.9 mg kg(-1) of interfering substances). The measured water content of SRM 2722 Sweet Crude Oil, is 99+/-6 mg kg(-1) (plus an additional 5+/-2 mg kg(-1) of interfering substances). The measured water content of SRM 2721 Sour Crude Oil, is 134+/-18 mg kg(-1) plus an additional 807+/-43 mg kg(-1) of interfering substances. Interlaboratory studies conducted with these oil samples (using SRM 2890, water saturated 1-octanol, as a calibrant) are reported. Some of the possible sources of bias in these measurements were identified, These include: improperly calibrated instruments, inability to measure the calibrant accurately, Karl Fischer reagent selection, and volatilization of the interfering substances in SRM 2721.

A Quick Reference on Magnesium.

PubMed

Bateman, Shane W

2017-03-01

This article serves as a quick reference on the distribution, handling, and supplementation of magnesium. It also lists the manifestations and causes of magnesium deficit and provides criteria for the diagnosis of a magnesium deficit. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Chemical dependency: an occupational hazard in the field of anaesthesia.

PubMed

Ismail, Samina

2010-10-01

The medical personnel are vulnerable to substance abuse and dependence due to ready access to substance of abuse. Addiction is considered as an occupational hazard for those involved in the practice of anaesthesia for the same reason. Substance abuse is defined as a psychosocial biogenetic disease, which results from dynamic interplay between a susceptible host and favourable environment. According to the 5th and the last National Survey on Drug Abuse (NSDA) in 1993 by Pakistan Narcotic Control, there are nearly three million drug dependants in Pakistan, but no data is available to determine the prevalence among medical or anaesthesia personnel. In order to handle the rising trend of chemical abuse, we need to have more surveys and studies on this subject, written policy and educational programme in postgraduate training with proper control and frequent checking of narcotic dispensing. Reporting of drug abuse and rehabilitation of affected doctors are areas which need to be worked upon.

NHEXAS PHASE I REGION 5 STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE--HANDLING QUALITY CONTROL SAMPLES IN THE FIELD (RTI/ACS-AP-209-090)

EPA Science Inventory

This protocol describes how quality control samples should be handled in the field, and was designed as a quick reference source for the field staff. The protocol describes quality control samples for air-VOCs, air-particles, water samples, house dust, soil, urine, blood, hair, a...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grant, Ashleigh; Wilkinson, T.J.; Holman, Thomas

Analysis of fingerprints has predominantly focused on matching the pattern of ridges to a specific person as a form of identification. The present work focuses on identifying extrinsic materials that are left within a person's fingerprint after recent handling of such materials. Specifically, we employed infrared spectromicroscopy to locate and positively identify microscopic particles from a mixture of common materials in the latent human fingerprints of volunteer subjects. We were able to find and correctly identify all test substances based on their unique infrared spectral signatures. Spectral imaging is demonstrated as a method for automating recognition of specific substances inmore » a fingerprint. We also demonstrate the use of Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) and synchrotron-based infrared spectromicroscopy for obtaining high-quality spectra from particles that were too thick or too small, respectively, for reflection/absorption measurements. We believe the application of this rapid, non-destructive analytical technique to the forensic study of latent human finger prints has the potential to add a new layer of information available to investigators. Using fingerprints to not only identify who was present at a crime scene, but also to link who was handling key materials will be a powerful investigative tool.« less

Substance abuse: a national survey of Canadian residency program directors and site chiefs at university-affiliated anesthesia departments.

PubMed

Boulis, Sherif; Khanduja, P Kristina; Downey, Kristi; Friedman, Zeev

2015-09-01

The abuse of substances available to anesthesiologists in their workspace is a potentially lethal occupational hazard. Our primary objective was to define the prevalence of substance abuse cases among Canadian anesthesiologists at university-affiliated hospitals. Our secondary aim was to describe the current management of confirmed cases, rehabilitation procedures being offered, and preventative strategies being employed. We conducted a cross-sectional electronic survey of all Canadian anesthesia residency program directors and site chiefs at university-affiliated hospitals. Data analysis was performed using descriptive statistics. The survey response rate was 54% (53/98). Substance abuse was reported as 1.6% for residents and 0.3% for clinical fellows over a ten-year period ending in June 2014. Fentanyl was abused in nine of 24 reported cases. At present, one of 22 respondents (4.5%) reported a formal education program on substance abuse for faculty members, and 72% described mandatory education for residents. The majority of participants did not perceive substance abuse as a growing problem. Seventy-one percent of respondents indicated that methods for controlled-drug handling had changed in the previous ten years; however, 66% did not think that the incidence of controlled substance abuse could be decreased further by more stringent measures. Only 21% of respondents supported the introduction of random urine drug testing. The prevalence of substance abuse among Canadian anesthesiologists and the substances abused appear comparable with data from the United States, with residents being the group most often affected. Early recognition and treatment of chemically dependent anesthesiologists remain imperfect.

21 CFR 660.25 - Potency tests without reference preparations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... manufacturer's package insert using red blood cells showing heterozygous or diminished expression of the... SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Blood Grouping Reagent § 660.25 Potency tests without reference preparations. Products for which Reference Blood...

21 CFR 660.25 - Potency tests without reference preparations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... manufacturer's package insert using red blood cells showing heterozygous or diminished expression of the... SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Blood Grouping Reagent § 660.25 Potency tests without reference preparations. Products for which Reference Blood...

21 CFR 660.25 - Potency tests without reference preparations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... manufacturer's package insert using red blood cells showing heterozygous or diminished expression of the... SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Blood Grouping Reagent § 660.25 Potency tests without reference preparations. Products for which Reference Blood...

21 CFR 660.25 - Potency tests without reference preparations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... manufacturer's package insert using red blood cells showing heterozygous or diminished expression of the... SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Blood Grouping Reagent § 660.25 Potency tests without reference preparations. Products for which Reference Blood...

21 CFR 660.25 - Potency tests without reference preparations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... manufacturer's package insert using red blood cells showing heterozygous or diminished expression of the... SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Blood Grouping Reagent § 660.25 Potency tests without reference preparations. Products for which Reference Blood...

Reference Materials: Significance, General Requirements, and Demand.

PubMed

Kiełbasa, Anna; Gadzała-Kopciuch, Renata; Buszewski, Bogusław

2016-05-03

Reference materials play an important part in the quality control of measurements. Rapid development of such new scientific disciplines as proteomics, metabolomics, and genomics also necessitates development of new reference materials. This is a great challenge due to the complexity of the production of new reference materials and difficulties associated with achieving their homogeneity and stability. CRMs of tissue are of particular importance. They can be counted among the matrices that are most complex and time consuming in preparation. Tissue is the place of transformation and accumulation of many substances (e.g., metabolites, which are intermediate or end products resulting from metabolic processes). Trace amounts of many substances in tissues must be determined with adequate precision and accuracy. To meet the needs stemming from research and from problems and challenges faced by chemists, analysts, and toxicologists, the number of certified reference materials should be continuously increased.

To amend the Controlled Substances Act to make any substance containing hydrocodone a schedule II drug.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Buchanan, Vern [R-FL-16

2013-03-20

House - 04/15/2013 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, And Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Childhood sexual abuse and substance abuse treatment utilization among substance-dependent incarcerated women.

PubMed

Peltan, Jessica R; Cellucci, Tony

2011-10-01

Incarcerated women have high rates of substance abuse problems and trauma. A variety of variables may influence whether these women seek help or are referred for substance abuse problems. This study reports an exploratory project on service utilization among incarcerated substance-dependent women (N = 40) in southeastern Idaho. Using self-report and interview tools, most participants reported some substance abuse treatment history, although extent and types of treatment varied. Most of the women also reported some type of childhood abuse. Age, income, and consequences of alcohol and other drug use related positively to substance abuse treatment. However, severity of childhood sexual abuse and current trauma symptoms were negatively correlated with substance abuse treatment episodes. These women may use substances to cope with childhood trauma or may not perceive the substance abuse system as responsive to their co-occurring trauma symptoms. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Safer energetic materials by a nanotechnological approach.

PubMed

Siegert, Benny; Comet, Marc; Spitzer, Denis

2011-09-01

Energetic materials - explosives, thermites, populsive powders - are used in a variety of military and civilian applications. Their mechanical and electrostatic sensitivity is high in many cases, which can lead to accidents during handling and transport. These considerations limit the practical use of some energetic materials despite their good performance. For industrial applications, safety is one of the main criteria for selecting energetic materials. The sensitivity has been regarded as an intrinsic property of a substance for a long time. However, in recent years, several approaches to lower the sensitivity of a given substance, using nanotechnology and materials engineering, have been described. This feature article gives an overview over ways to prepare energetic (nano-)materials with a lower sensitivity.

A model of integrated primary care for HIV-positive patients with underlying substance use and mental illness.

PubMed

Zaller, N; Gillani, F S; Rich, J D

2007-10-01

There is a high burden of underlying substance use and mental illness in HIV-infected populations. HIV-care settings provide an important opportunity to assess substance and mental health needs among HIV-positive patients and to provide or make referrals for appropriate treatment services. In 2003, with funding from the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment (CSAT), we developed a model of integrated substance-use counselling and referral for treatment within a primary care HIV-care setting at The Miriam Hospital in Providence, Rhode Island. The project uses a multidisciplinary approach to provide linkage to treatment services for substance use and mental illness as well as to help participants with social service needs, such as housing and medical coverage, to ensure continuity of care and optimal HIV treatment adherence. Twelve percent of the 965 HIV-infected patients in care at our center have been enrolled in the project. Of these, all have a current substance-use disorder and 79.3% have been diagnosed with a mental illness. In addition, most participants are hepatitis C-positive (HCV) (65.5%). The majority of participants are on antiretroviral therapy (76.7%). Participants have been referred for the following treatment modalities: intensive outpatient services, methadone, buprenorphine, outpatient services and residential as well as individual and group counselling. Our model has been successful in assessing the substance-use and mental health needs of HIV-infected individuals with numerous co-morbidities and referring them for ancillary medical and social services.

Pesticide Residues on Three Cut Flower Species and Potential Exposure of Florists in Belgium.

PubMed

Toumi, Khaoula; Vleminckx, Christiane; van Loco, Joris; Schiffers, Bruno

2016-09-23

In order to assess the prevalence of pesticide contamination and the risk of florists' exposure when handling cut flowers, sampling and analysis of 90 bouquets of the most commonly sold cut flowers in Belgium (50 bouquets of roses; 20 of gerberas, and 20 of chrysanthemums) were carried out. The bouquets were collected from 50 florists located in the seven largest cities of Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ghent, Leuven, Liege, and Namur) and from five supermarkets located in the different regions. To have a better understanding of the route of exposure and professional practices a questionnaire was also addressed to a group of 25 florists who volunteered to take part in the survey. All florists were interviewed individually when collecting the questionnaire. The residual pesticide deposit values on cut flowers were determined in an accredited laboratory using a multi-residue (QuEChERS Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) method and a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chormatograhphy (LC) analysis. A total of 107 active substances were detected from all samples; i.e., an average of about 10 active substances per bouquet. The most severely contaminated bouquet accumulated a total concentration of residues up to 97 mg/kg. Results show that roses are the most contaminated cut flowers; with an average of 14 substances detected per sample and a total concentration per rose sample of 26 mg/kg. Some active substances present an acute toxicity (acephate, methiocarb, monocrotophos, methomyl, deltamethrin, etc.) and exposure can generate a direct effect on the nervous system of florists. Nevertheless, fungicides (dodemorph, propamocarb, and procymidone) were the most frequently detected in samples and had the highest maximum concentrations out of all the active substances analysed. Dodemorph was the most frequently detected substance with the highest maximum concentration (41.9 mg/kg) measured in the rose samples. It appears from the survey that, despite being exposed to high deposits of residues, florists usually do not protect themselves from contact with residues even if they spend several hours handling cut flowers and preparing bouquets (from 2 to 6 h/day, depending on the time of year and/or selling periods) daily. Bad habits (eating, drinking, or smoking at work) and absence of personal protective equipment of most florists also increase the risk of contact with pesticide residues.

Pesticide Residues on Three Cut Flower Species and Potential Exposure of Florists in Belgium

PubMed Central

Toumi, Khaoula; Vleminckx, Christiane; van Loco, Joris; Schiffers, Bruno

2016-01-01

In order to assess the prevalence of pesticide contamination and the risk of florists’ exposure when handling cut flowers, sampling and analysis of 90 bouquets of the most commonly sold cut flowers in Belgium (50 bouquets of roses; 20 of gerberas, and 20 of chrysanthemums) were carried out. The bouquets were collected from 50 florists located in the seven largest cities of Belgium (Antwerp, Brussels, Charleroi, Ghent, Leuven, Liege, and Namur) and from five supermarkets located in the different regions. To have a better understanding of the route of exposure and professional practices a questionnaire was also addressed to a group of 25 florists who volunteered to take part in the survey. All florists were interviewed individually when collecting the questionnaire. The residual pesticide deposit values on cut flowers were determined in an accredited laboratory using a multi-residue (QuEChERS Quick Easy Cheap Effective Rugged Safe) method and a combination of gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chormatograhphy (LC) analysis. A total of 107 active substances were detected from all samples; i.e., an average of about 10 active substances per bouquet. The most severely contaminated bouquet accumulated a total concentration of residues up to 97 mg/kg. Results show that roses are the most contaminated cut flowers; with an average of 14 substances detected per sample and a total concentration per rose sample of 26 mg/kg. Some active substances present an acute toxicity (acephate, methiocarb, monocrotophos, methomyl, deltamethrin, etc.) and exposure can generate a direct effect on the nervous system of florists. Nevertheless, fungicides (dodemorph, propamocarb, and procymidone) were the most frequently detected in samples and had the highest maximum concentrations out of all the active substances analysed. Dodemorph was the most frequently detected substance with the highest maximum concentration (41.9 mg/kg) measured in the rose samples. It appears from the survey that, despite being exposed to high deposits of residues, florists usually do not protect themselves from contact with residues even if they spend several hours handling cut flowers and preparing bouquets (from 2 to 6 h/day, depending on the time of year and/or selling periods) daily. Bad habits (eating, drinking, or smoking at work) and absence of personal protective equipment of most florists also increase the risk of contact with pesticide residues. PMID:27669276

Locating interfaces in vertically-layered materials and determining concentrations in mixed materials utilizing acoustic impedance measurements

DOEpatents

Langlois, Gary N.

1983-09-13

Measurement of the relative and actual value of acoustic characteristic impedances of an unknown substance, location of the interfaces of vertically-layered materials, and the determination of the concentration of a first material mixed in a second material. A highly damped ultrasonic pulse is transmitted into one side of a reference plate, such as a tank wall, where the other side of the reference plate is in physical contact with the medium to be measured. The amplitude of a return signal, which is the reflection of the transmitted pulse from the interface between the other side of the reference plate and the medium, is measured. The amplitude value indicates the acoustic characteristic impedance of the substance relative to that of the reference plate or relative to that of other tested materials. Discontinuities in amplitude with repeated measurements for various heights indicate the location of interfaces in vertically-layered materials. Standardization techniques permit the relative acoustic characteristic impedance of a substance to be converted to an actual value. Calibration techniques for mixtures permit the amplitude to be converted to the concentration of a first material mixed in a second material.

Locating interfaces in vertically-layered materials and determining concentrations in mixed materials utilizing acoustic impedance measurements

DOEpatents

Langlois, G.N.

1983-09-13

Measurement of the relative and actual value of acoustic characteristic impedances of an unknown substance, location of the interfaces of vertically-layered materials, and the determination of the concentration of a first material mixed in a second material are disclosed. A highly damped ultrasonic pulse is transmitted into one side of a reference plate, such as a tank wall, where the other side of the reference plate is in physical contact with the medium to be measured. The amplitude of a return signal, which is the reflection of the transmitted pulse from the interface between the other side of the reference plate and the medium, is measured. The amplitude value indicates the acoustic characteristic impedance of the substance relative to that of the reference plate or relative to that of other tested materials. Discontinuities in amplitude with repeated measurements for various heights indicate the location of interfaces in vertically-layered materials. Standardization techniques permit the relative acoustic characteristic impedance of a substance to be converted to an actual value. Calibration techniques for mixtures permit the amplitude to be converted to the concentration of a first material mixed in a second material. 6 figs.

Public health consequences of mercury spills: Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance system, 1993-1998.

PubMed Central

Zeitz, Perri; Orr, Maureen F; Kaye, Wendy E

2002-01-01

We analyzed data from states that participated in the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system maintained by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry to describe the public health consequences of mercury releases. From 1993 through 1998, HSEES captured 406 events in which mercury was the only substance released. Schools and universities, private residences, and health care facilities were the most frequent locations involved in mercury events, and human error was the contributing factor for most of the releases. Fourteen persons experienced adverse health effects as a result of the releases. An additional 31 persons had documented elevated levels of mercury in the blood. No fatalities resulted. Evacuations were ordered in 90 (22%) of the events, and the length of evacuation ranged from 1 hr to 46 days. Mercury spills have a significant public health impact and economic burden. Some actions that could potentially lessen the consequences of mercury spills are to switch to mercury-free alternatives, train people in the safe handling and disposal of mercury, and keep mercury securely stored when it is necessary to have it on hand. PMID:11836139

A Subject Reference: Benefit-Cost Analysis of Toxic Substances, Hazardous Materials and Solid Waste Control (1977)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Discussion of methodological issues for conducting benefit-cost analysis and provides guidance for selecting and applying the most appropriate and useful mechanisms in benefit-cost analysis of toxic substances, hazardous materials, and solid waste control

30 CFR 550.219 - What oil and hazardous substance spills information must accompany the EP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...), (d), and (e)). (b) Modeling report. If you model a potential oil or hazardous substance spill in developing your EP, a modeling report or the modeling results, or a reference to such report or results if...

30 CFR 550.219 - What oil and hazardous substance spills information must accompany the EP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...), (d), and (e)). (b) Modeling report. If you model a potential oil or hazardous substance spill in developing your EP, a modeling report or the modeling results, or a reference to such report or results if...

30 CFR 550.219 - What oil and hazardous substance spills information must accompany the EP?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...), (d), and (e)). (b) Modeling report. If you model a potential oil or hazardous substance spill in developing your EP, a modeling report or the modeling results, or a reference to such report or results if...

Co-Citation Analysis of Articles Published in Substance Abuse Journals: Intellectual Structure and Research Fields (2001-2012).

PubMed

González-Alcaide, Gregorio; Calafat, Amador; Becoña, Elisardo; Thijs, Bart; Glänzel, Wolfgang

2016-09-01

The purpose of this study is to introduce a new methodology in the field of substance abuse, namely, co-citation analysis, which uses the bibliographic references of publications to establish the main thematic areas being researched and to identify the seminal documents that have contributed to establishing the intellectual foundation of the discipline at the present time. We identified all bibliographic references that were cited in documents published in the substance abuse journals included in the Journal Citation Reports in the 2001-2012 period, generating a co-citation matrix. This matrix was used to perform a co-citation network analysis. The co-citation network analysis led to the identification of 56 prominent research clusters that bring together 698 documents; their subject matter constitutes the foundation of the discipline in the field's journals. Substance abuse research is dominated by a few core topics; chief among them are tools for measuring and diagnosing dependence, as well as therapeutic approaches to treat alcohol abuse and nicotine addiction. Other areas of note include epidemiological studies, research on drug user motivation (particularly among young people), binge drinking, social support mediators and networks, opioid dependence, consumption and effects of cannabis, basic research on brain damage, genetic factors associated with substance use, and the physiological and neurological determinants of abstinence syndrome. The main works of reference that we identified were published in a small number of journals, which establish the intellectual, conceptual, and methodological basis of the discipline.

30 CFR 250.108 - What requirements must I follow for cranes and other material-handling equipment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false What requirements must I follow for cranes and... follow for cranes and other material-handling equipment? (a) All cranes installed on fixed platforms must... Maintenance of Offshore Cranes (API RP 2D), incorporated by reference as specified in 30 CFR 250.198. (b) All...

Detection of illicit substances in fingerprints by infrared spectral imaging.

PubMed

Ng, Ping Hei Ronnie; Walker, Sarah; Tahtouh, Mark; Reedy, Brian

2009-08-01

FTIR and Raman spectral imaging can be used to simultaneously image a latent fingerprint and detect exogenous substances deposited within it. These substances might include drugs of abuse or traces of explosives or gunshot residue. In this work, spectral searching algorithms were tested for their efficacy in finding targeted substances deposited within fingerprints. "Reverse" library searching, where a large number of possibly poor-quality spectra from a spectral image are searched against a small number of high-quality reference spectra, poses problems for common search algorithms as they are usually implemented. Out of a range of algorithms which included conventional Euclidean distance searching, the spectral angle mapper (SAM) and correlation algorithms gave the best results when used with second-derivative image and reference spectra. All methods tested gave poorer performances with first derivative and undifferentiated spectra. In a search against a caffeine reference, the SAM and correlation methods were able to correctly rank a set of 40 confirmed but poor-quality caffeine spectra at the top of a dataset which also contained 4,096 spectra from an image of an uncontaminated latent fingerprint. These methods also successfully and individually detected aspirin, diazepam and caffeine that had been deposited together in another fingerprint, and they did not indicate any of these substances as a match in a search for another substance which was known not to be present. The SAM was used to successfully locate explosive components in fingerprints deposited on silicon windows. The potential of other spectral searching algorithms used in the field of remote sensing is considered, and the applicability of the methods tested in this work to other modes of spectral imaging is discussed.

21 CFR 660.52 - Reference preparations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Reference preparations. 660.52 Section 660.52 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) BIOLOGICS ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Anti-Human Globulin § 660.52 Reference...

21 CFR 660.3 - Reference panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.3 Reference panel. A Reference Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Panel shall be obtained from the Center... shall be used for determining the potency and specificity of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen...

21 CFR 660.3 - Reference panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.3 Reference panel. A Reference Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Panel shall be obtained from the Center... shall be used for determining the potency and specificity of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen...

21 CFR 660.3 - Reference panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.3 Reference panel. A Reference Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Panel shall be obtained from the Center for... used for determining the potency and specificity of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen. [40 FR...

21 CFR 660.3 - Reference panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.3 Reference panel. A Reference Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Panel shall be obtained from the Center... shall be used for determining the potency and specificity of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen...

21 CFR 660.3 - Reference panel.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR DIAGNOSTIC SUBSTANCES FOR LABORATORY TESTS Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen § 660.3 Reference panel. A Reference Hepatitis B Surface Antigen Panel shall be obtained from the Center... shall be used for determining the potency and specificity of Antibody to Hepatitis B Surface Antigen...

16 CFR 1511.8 - Metric references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Metric references. 1511.8 Section 1511.8 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION FEDERAL HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES ACT REGULATIONS... parentheses for convenience and information only. ...

[Report of the NEDO project "Research and development to promote the creation and utilization of an intellectual infrastructure: development of reference materials for laboratory medicine" "Development of pure substance-type certified reference materials"].

PubMed

Takatsu, Akiko

2009-06-01

There is an increasing demand to establish a metrological traceability system for in vitro diagnostics and medical devices. Pure substance-type reference materials are playing key roles in metrological traceability, because they form the basis for many traceability chains in chemistry. The National Metrology Institute of Japan (NMIJ), in the National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), has been developing purity-certified reference materials (CRMs) in this field, such as cholesterol, creatinine, and urea. In the New Energy and Industrial Technology Development Organization (NEDO) project, entitled: "Research and Development to Promote the Creation and Utilization of an Intellectual Infrastructure: Development of Reference Materials for Laboratory Medicine", several pure substance-type CRMs were developed. For a pure protein solution CRM, amino acid analysis and nitrogen determination were chosen as the certification methods. The development and certification processes for the C-reactive protein (CRP) solution CRM were completed, with the recombinant human CRP solution as a candidate material. This CRP solution CRM is now available as NMIJ CRM. For cortisol CRM, a purified candidate material and highly pure primary reference material were prepared. Each impure compound in the materials was identified and quantified. The pure cortisol CRM will be available in 2009. These two CRMs provide a traceability link between routine clinical methods and the SI unit.

On-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples using elemental chromium: An extension for high temperature elemental-analyzer techniques

USGS Publications Warehouse

Gehre, Matthias; Renpenning, Julian; Gilevska, Tetyana; Qi, Haiping; Coplen, Tyler B.; Meijer, Harro A.J.; Brand, Willi A.; Schimmelmann, Arndt

2015-01-01

The high temperature conversion (HTC) technique using an elemental analyzer with a glassy carbon tube and filling (temperature conversion/elemental analysis, TC/EA) is a widely used method for hydrogen isotopic analysis of water and many solid and liquid organic samples with analysis by isotope-ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS). However, the TC/EA IRMS method may produce inaccurate δ2H results, with values deviating by more than 20 mUr (milliurey = 0.001 = 1‰) from the true value for some materials. We show that a single-oven, chromium-filled elemental analyzer coupled to an IRMS substantially improves the measurement quality and reliability for hydrogen isotopic compositions of organic substances (Cr-EA method). Hot chromium maximizes the yield of molecular hydrogen in a helium carrier gas by irreversibly and quantitatively scavenging all reactive elements except hydrogen. In contrast, under TC/EA conditions, heteroelements like nitrogen or chlorine (and other halogens) can form hydrogen cyanide (HCN) or hydrogen chloride (HCl) and this can cause isotopic fractionation. The Cr-EA technique thus expands the analytical possibilities for on-line hydrogen-isotope measurements of organic samples significantly. This method yielded reproducibility values (1-sigma) for δ2H measurements on water and caffeine samples of better than 1.0 and 0.5 mUr, respectively. To overcome handling problems with water as the principal calibration anchor for hydrogen isotopic measurements, we have employed an effective and simple strategy using reference waters or other liquids sealed in silver-tube segments. These crimped silver tubes can be employed in both the Cr-EA and TC/EA techniques. They simplify considerably the normalization of hydrogen-isotope measurement data to the VSMOW-SLAP (Vienna Standard Mean Ocean Water-Standard Light Antarctic Precipitation) scale, and their use improves accuracy of the data by eliminating evaporative loss and associated isotopic fractionation while handling water as a bulk sample. The calibration of organic samples, commonly having high δ2H values, will benefit from the availability of suitably 2H-enriched reference waters, extending the VSMOW-SLAP scale above zero.

38 CFR 17.804 - Loan approval criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... of substance abuse, are financially able to pay their share of costs of maintaining the residence... Transitional Housing Loan Program § 17.804 Loan approval criteria. Upon consideration of the application... references, (b) Demonstrated ability to successfully address the needs of substance abusers as determined by...

38 CFR 17.804 - Loan approval criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of substance abuse, are financially able to pay their share of costs of maintaining the residence... Transitional Housing Loan Program § 17.804 Loan approval criteria. Upon consideration of the application... references, (b) Demonstrated ability to successfully address the needs of substance abusers as determined by...

38 CFR 17.804 - Loan approval criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... of substance abuse, are financially able to pay their share of costs of maintaining the residence... Transitional Housing Loan Program § 17.804 Loan approval criteria. Upon consideration of the application... references, (b) Demonstrated ability to successfully address the needs of substance abusers as determined by...

38 CFR 17.804 - Loan approval criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of substance abuse, are financially able to pay their share of costs of maintaining the residence... Transitional Housing Loan Program § 17.804 Loan approval criteria. Upon consideration of the application... references, (b) Demonstrated ability to successfully address the needs of substance abusers as determined by...

38 CFR 17.804 - Loan approval criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... of substance abuse, are financially able to pay their share of costs of maintaining the residence... Transitional Housing Loan Program § 17.804 Loan approval criteria. Upon consideration of the application... references, (b) Demonstrated ability to successfully address the needs of substance abusers as determined by...

Global Operations and Biometrics: Next Generation Capabilities and Policy Implications

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-04-01

could help identify individuals likely to have handled certain chemical, biological or radiological precursor substances associated with weapons of...or biologic weapon production or storage site. See U.S. Department of the Army, Site Exploitation Operations, Army Field Manual FM 3-90.15...and nuclear) forces and shifting increasingly toward the non-nation state actors organized as networked violent extremists, often seeking weapons of

Selectivity of similar compounds' identification using IR spectrometry: β-Lactam antibiotics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadlej-Sosnowska, Nina; Ocios, Agnieszka; Fuks, Leon

2006-07-01

The study aims to develop a reliable, quantitative method for positive identification or discrimination of a substance, when it is compared to a set of similar ones. In the course of the study a group of structurally related compounds, namely a set of β-lactam antimicrobial agents has been explored. Identification of a substance was based on the comparison of its spectrum with that of a reference material by using two functional algorithms. The algorithm based on the calculation of correlation coefficient between the first derivatives of the spectra has been proved more powerful than that using the original spectra. Then the results in a few spectral regions were likened. Limiting values were proposed for correlation coefficients that allow for qualification of a substance as identical to the reference one.

Are environmental risk estimations linked to the actual environmental impact? Application to an oil handling facility (NE Spain).

PubMed

Valdor, Paloma F; Puente, Araceli; Gómez, Aina G; Ondiviela, Bárbara; Juanes, José A

2017-01-30

The environmental risk analysis of aquatic systems includes the evaluation of the likelihood that adverse ecological effects may occur as a result of exposure to one or more stressors. In harbor areas, pollution is provided by a complex mixture of substances with different levels of toxicity, persistence and bioaccumulation, which complicates the hazards characterization and their multiple effects. A study of the relationship between the environmental impact and the environmental risk assessment at a specific isolated oil handling facility was undertaken. The environmental risk of the oil handling facility, considering the consequences of specific pollutants, was estimated and the associated environmental impact was quantified based on a 'weights of evidence' approach. The contamination quantified at the potentially affected area around the monobuoy of Tarragona has proved to be related with environmental risk estimations but the lines of evidence obtained do not allow us to assert that the activity developed at this facility has an associated environmental impact. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Compassion fatigue and substance use among nurses.

PubMed

Jarrad, Reem; Hammad, Sawsan; Shawashi, Tagreed; Mahmoud, Naser

2018-01-01

This study aimed to detect if there were differences in compassion fatigue (CF) among nurses based on substance use and demographic variables of gender, marital status, type of health institution and income. Compassion fatigue is considered an outcome of poorly handled stressful situations in which nurses may respond with self-harming behaviours like substance use. Evidence in this area is critically lacking. This study used a descriptive design to survey differences in CF of 282 nurses. The participants completed a demographic survey and indicated whether they consume any of the following substances on a frequent basis: cigarettes, sleeping pills, power drinks, anti-depressant drugs, anti-anxiety drugs, coffee, analgesics, amphetamines and alcohol. Compassion Fatigue scores were surveyed using CF self-test 66 items developed by Stamm and Figely (Compassion satisfaction and fatigue test. http://www.isu.edu/~bhstamm/tests.htm, 1996). There were significant differences in CF scores in favour of nurses who used cigarettes, sleeping pills, power drinks, anti-depressants and anti-anxiety drugs. While no significant differences in CF were found between nurses who used coffee, analgesics, amphetamines and alcohol, significant differences in nurses' CF were found in relation to type of institution, gender and marital status. But nurses' income did not bring differences to CF scores. Nurses who might be lacking resilience cope negatively with CF using maladaptive negative behaviours such as substance use. Nursing management should be aware of the substance use drive among nurses and build organizational solutions to overcome compassion fatigue and potential substance use problems.

21 CFR 201.313 - Estradiol labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Pharmacopeia under the designation “Alpha Estradiol.” The substance should no longer be referred to in drug labeling as “Alpha Estradiol.” The Food and Drug Administration would not object to label references to the... referred to the presence of “Estradiol (formerly known as Alpha Estradiol).” ...

21 CFR 201.313 - Estradiol labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Pharmacopeia under the designation “Alpha Estradiol.” The substance should no longer be referred to in drug labeling as “Alpha Estradiol.” The Food and Drug Administration would not object to label references to the... referred to the presence of “Estradiol (formerly known as Alpha Estradiol).” ...

21 CFR 201.313 - Estradiol labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Pharmacopeia under the designation “Alpha Estradiol.” The substance should no longer be referred to in drug labeling as “Alpha Estradiol.” The Food and Drug Administration would not object to label references to the... referred to the presence of “Estradiol (formerly known as Alpha Estradiol).” ...

21 CFR 201.313 - Estradiol labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Pharmacopeia under the designation “Alpha Estradiol.” The substance should no longer be referred to in drug labeling as “Alpha Estradiol.” The Food and Drug Administration would not object to label references to the... referred to the presence of “Estradiol (formerly known as Alpha Estradiol).” ...

21 CFR 201.313 - Estradiol labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Pharmacopeia under the designation “Alpha Estradiol.” The substance should no longer be referred to in drug labeling as “Alpha Estradiol.” The Food and Drug Administration would not object to label references to the... referred to the presence of “Estradiol (formerly known as Alpha Estradiol).” ...

The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB): background, recent enhancements and future plans.

PubMed

Fonger, George Charles; Hakkinen, Pertti; Jordan, Shannon; Publicker, Stephanie

2014-11-05

The National Library of Medicine's (NLM) Division of Specialized Information Services (SIS) Toxicology and Environmental Health Information Program is responsible for the management of the online Hazardous Substances Data Bank (HSDB). HSDB, a part of NLM's Toxicology Data Network (TOXNET(®)), is a file of chemical/substance information with one record for each specific chemical or substance, or for a category of chemicals or substances. Like the rest of TOXNET's databases and other resources, HSDB is available online at no cost to global users. HSDB has approximately 5600 chemicals and substances, with a focus on toxicology information and also on human exposure, industrial hygiene, emergency handling procedures, environmental fate, regulatory requirements, and related areas of likely interest to HSDB users. All data are from a core set of books, government documents, technical reports, selected primary journal literature, and other online sources of information, with a goal of linking the HSDB content to as much publicly available information as possible. HSDB's content is peer-reviewed by the Scientific Review Panel, a group of experts in the areas covering the scope of HSDB content. Recent enhancements include the addition of chemical structures to HSDB records, the addition of new subfields such as age groups for human data, more occupational exposure standards, and the addition of information on numerous nanomaterials. Examples of future plans include providing more exposure-related information, e.g., uses of a chemical or substance in consumer products; the addition of information summaries aimed towards consumers and other members of the public wanting to learn about a chemical or substance; more visual content such as diagrams (images) of the pathways of metabolism of a substance; and enhanced search features and navigation. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

75 FR 9614 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

... manufacturer of the basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I The company plans to manufacture small quantities of marihuana derivatives for research purposes. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

76 FR 21917 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-19

... manufacturer of the following basic classes of controlled substances: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I The company plans to manufacture small quantities of marihuana derivatives for research purposes. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk manufacture cannabidiol. In...

75 FR 64744 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-20

... manufacturer of the basic classes of controlled substances listed in schedule I: Drug Schedule Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I The company plans to manufacture small quantities of marihuana derivatives for research purposes. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk...

78 FR 9397 - International Drug Scheduling; Convention on Psychotropic Substances; World Health Organization...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-08

...] International Drug Scheduling; Convention on Psychotropic Substances; World Health Organization Scheduling... written comments and to request an informal public meeting concerning recommendations by the World Health... Director-General of the World Health Organization ``With reference to article 2 of the Convention on...

[Risk assessment of manual handling of loads: the choice of reference values in light of Leg. 81/2008].

PubMed

Baracco, A; Coggiola, M; Discalzi, G; Perrelli, F; Romano, C

2009-01-01

Italian law on safety at work does not clarify specific levels of load for safe manual material handling. For this reason professionals appointed for safety need to define new target range value for the correct application of D.Lgs. 81/2008 law. Authors, discussing about indication of the national laws and international rules, suggest the assumption of a load of 25 and 20 kg as reference values for male and female adult and healthy workers. They also examine the graduation of the acceptable loads in relation to workers' age and the Lifting Index values to be adopted as action limit and exposure limit.

Using thermally stimulated current (TSC) to investigate disorder in micronized drug substance produced at different milling energies.

PubMed

Forcino, Rachel; Brum, Jeffrey; Galop, Marc; Sun, Yan

2010-10-01

To investigate the use of thermally stimulated current (TSC) to characterize disorder resulting from micronization of a crystalline drug substance. Samples processed at different milling energies are characterized, and annealing studied. Molecular mobility in micronized drug substance was studied using TSC and compared to results from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The micronized drug substance TSC spectra are compared to crystalline and amorphous references. TSC shows distinct relaxation modes for micronized material in comparison to a single weak exotherm observed with DSC. Molecular mobility modes are unique for micronized material compared to the amorphous reference indicating physically distinct disorder compared to phase-separated amorphous material. Signals are ascribed as arising from crystal defects. TSC differentiates material processed at different milling energies showing reasonable correlation between the AUC of the α-relaxation and micronization energy. The annealing process of crystal defects in micronized drug appears to proceed differently for α and β relaxations. TSC proves sensitive to the crystal defects in the micronized drug substance studied here. The technique is able to differentiate distinct types of disorder and can be used to characterize noncrystalline regions arising from milling processes which are physically distinct from amorphous material.

Spouse Abuse, Child Abuse, and Substance Abuse Among Army Facilities: Co-Occurrence, Correlations and Service Delivery Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

refer spouse abuse or child abuse offenders with identified alcohol or other drug involvement to the on-base counseling center for a substance...abuse assessment. The military’s response to combat substance abuse involves a combination of education, prevention, random testing for illicit drug ...data from three Army sources: the Army Central Registry (ACR), the Drug and Alcohol Management Information System (DAMIS), and Army personnel data

Trend Analysis of Substance Abuse Treatment Admissions in New Orleans From 2000-2012: A Population-Based Comparison Pre- and Post-Hurricane Katrina.

PubMed

Shuler, Monique N; Wallington, Sherrie F; Qualls-Hampton, Raquel Y; Podesta, Arwen E; Suzuki, Sumihiro

2016-10-14

Substance abuse treatment following a natural disaster is often met with challenges. If treatment is available, facilities may be unequipped to service an influx of patients or provide specialized care for unique populations. This paper seeks to evaluate trends in substance abuse treatment over time and assess changes pre- and post-Hurricane Katrina. Substance abuse treatment admission data (N = 42,678) from New Orleans, Louisiana, for years 2000 through 2012 were obtained from the Treatment Episode Data Set. Admissions were examined to evaluate demographic, socioeconomic, psychiatric, and criminality trends in substance abuse treatment and assess changes following Hurricane Katrina. Treatment admissions have decreased from 2000 to 2012. About one in five admissions had a psychiatric illness in addition to a substance abuse problem. A staggering 76% of admissions with a psychiatric illness were referred by the criminal justice system post-Katrina as compared to pre-Katrina. Rates of alcohol and marijuana admissions have remained stable from 2000 to 2012. Cocaine/crack admissions have declined and admissions who abused heroin have increased over time. Treatment admissions stabilized following Hurricane Katrina; however, since 2009, they have begun to decline. Targeted exploration of factors affecting admission to treatment in New Orleans with populations such as the homeless, those with a psychiatric illness in addition to a substance abuse problem, and those referred by the criminal justice system is essential. The results of this study assist in identifying variations in substance abuse treatment characteristics for those admitted to treatment in New Orleans.

Expanding the definition of addiction: DSM-5 vs. ICD-11.

PubMed

Grant, Jon E; Chamberlain, Samuel R

2016-08-01

While considerable efforts have been made to understand the neurobiological basis of substance addiction, the potentially "addictive" qualities of repetitive behaviors, and whether such behaviors constitute "behavioral addictions," is relatively neglected. It has been suggested that some conditions, such as gambling disorder, compulsive stealing, compulsive buying, compulsive sexual behavior, and problem Internet use, have phenomenological and neurobiological parallels with substance use disorders. This review considers how the issue of "behavioral addictions" has been handled by latest revisions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD), leading to somewhat divergent approaches. We also consider key areas for future research in order to address optimal diagnostic classification and treatments for such repetitive, debilitating behaviors.

49 CFR 40.299 - What is the SAP's role and what are the limits on a SAP's discretion in referring employees for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty Process § 40.299 What is the SAP's... insurance program (e.g., the single substance abuse in-patient treatment program made available by the...

49 CFR 40.299 - What is the SAP's role and what are the limits on a SAP's discretion in referring employees for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty Process § 40.299 What is the SAP's... insurance program (e.g., the single substance abuse in-patient treatment program made available by the...

49 CFR 40.299 - What is the SAP's role and what are the limits on a SAP's discretion in referring employees for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty Process § 40.299 What is the SAP's... insurance program (e.g., the single substance abuse in-patient treatment program made available by the...

49 CFR 40.299 - What is the SAP's role and what are the limits on a SAP's discretion in referring employees for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty Process § 40.299 What is the SAP's... insurance program (e.g., the single substance abuse in-patient treatment program made available by the...

49 CFR 40.299 - What is the SAP's role and what are the limits on a SAP's discretion in referring employees for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... TESTING PROGRAMS Substance Abuse Professionals and the Return-to-Duty Process § 40.299 What is the SAP's... insurance program (e.g., the single substance abuse in-patient treatment program made available by the...

21 CFR 170.35 - Affirmation of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... as provided in § 170.30(e), except those subject to the NAS/NRC GRAS list survey (36 FR 20546...) Quantitative compositions. (h) Manufacturing process (excluding any trade secrets). (ii) Use of the substance... the substance in food, including: (a) References to qualitative and quantitative methods for...

21 CFR 170.35 - Affirmation of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... as provided in § 170.30(e), except those subject to the NAS/NRC GRAS list survey (36 FR 20546...) Quantitative compositions. (h) Manufacturing process (excluding any trade secrets). (ii) Use of the substance... the substance in food, including: (a) References to qualitative and quantitative methods for...

21 CFR 170.35 - Affirmation of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...), except those subject to the NAS/NRC GRAS list survey (36 FR 20546; October 23, 1971), shall submit a... Food Chemicals Codex monograph should be included where applicable.) (g) Quantitative compositions. (h..., including: (a) References to qualitative and quantitative methods for determining the substance(s) in food...

21 CFR 170.35 - Affirmation of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... as provided in § 170.30(e), except those subject to the NAS/NRC GRAS list survey (36 FR 20546...) Quantitative compositions. (h) Manufacturing process (excluding any trade secrets). (ii) Use of the substance... the substance in food, including: (a) References to qualitative and quantitative methods for...

21 CFR 170.35 - Affirmation of generally recognized as safe (GRAS) status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... as provided in § 170.30(e), except those subject to the NAS/NRC GRAS list survey (36 FR 20546...) Quantitative compositions. (h) Manufacturing process (excluding any trade secrets). (ii) Use of the substance... the substance in food, including: (a) References to qualitative and quantitative methods for...

A Telephone Intervention for Substance-Using Adult Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mbilinyi, Lyungai F.; Neighbors, Clayton; Walker, Denise D.; Roffman, Roger A.; Zegree, Joan; Edleson, Jeffrey; O'Rourke, Allison

2011-01-01

Objective: To preliminarily evaluate telephone-delivered motivational enhancement therapy (MET) in motivating unadjudicated and nontreatment seeking intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators, who also use substances, to self-refer into treatment. Method: 124 adult men were recruited via a multimedia marketing campaign and were randomly assigned…

Effectiveness of Motivational Interviewing Interventions for Adolescent Substance Use Behavior Change: A Meta-Analytic Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen, Chad D.; Cushing, Christopher C.; Aylward, Brandon S.; Craig, James T.; Sorell, Danielle M.; Steele, Ric G.

2011-01-01

Objective: This study was designed to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of motivational interviewing (MI) interventions for adolescent substance use behavior change. Method: Literature searches of electronic databases were undertaken in addition to manual reference searches of identified review articles. Databases searched include…

78 FR 39340 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application; Boehringer Ingelheim Chemicals, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-01

... Methadone Intermediate (9254) II Tapentadol (9780) II The company plans to manufacture the listed controlled substances in bulk for sale to its customers for formulation into finished pharmaceuticals. In reference to Methadone Intermediate (9254) the company plans to produce Methadone HCL active pharmaceutical ingredients...

Protection of groundwater from oil pollution in the vicinity of airports

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Svoma, J.; Houzim, V.

1984-01-01

The potential danger to the quality of groundwater close to airports is due to a combination of several ecologically unfavorable factors. Airports are usually situated in the proximity of a groundwater divide, or in wide valleys. Causes of pollution include the sheer volume of fluid being handled constantly, the physicochemical properties of hydrocarbons, and technical errors in the transport and storage of fuels. Oil hydrocarbons in concentrations of tenths to units of milligrams per liter have been found in snow in the vicinity of runways. Carcinogenic benzopyrenes are accumulated in soil. Oil hydrocarbons spread in rock formations as a separatemore » layer was well as in solution. In porous permeable formations, pollution by a free product affects areas on the order of tens of meters, while hydrocarbons in solution penetrate to distances of hundreds of meters or even kilometers. Fissured rocks are cause for even more complex conditions for the spreading of oil based substances. Preventive protection of groundwater and mineral waters using monitoring devices is being carried out at some major airports. Observation wells situated in the tectonic zone can also be used for reparative pumping. 12 references, 7 figures, 3 tables.« less

Are special read alignment strategies necessary and cost-effective when handling sequencing reads from patient-derived tumor xenografts?

PubMed

Tso, Kai-Yuen; Lee, Sau Dan; Lo, Kwok-Wai; Yip, Kevin Y

2014-12-23

Patient-derived tumor xenografts in mice are widely used in cancer research and have become important in developing personalized therapies. When these xenografts are subject to DNA sequencing, the samples could contain various amounts of mouse DNA. It has been unclear how the mouse reads would affect data analyses. We conducted comprehensive simulations to compare three alignment strategies at different mutation rates, read lengths, sequencing error rates, human-mouse mixing ratios and sequenced regions. We also sequenced a nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenograft and a cell line to test how the strategies work on real data. We found the "filtering" and "combined reference" strategies performed better than aligning reads directly to human reference in terms of alignment and variant calling accuracies. The combined reference strategy was particularly good at reducing false negative variants calls without significantly increasing the false positive rate. In some scenarios the performance gain of these two special handling strategies was too small for special handling to be cost-effective, but it was found crucial when false non-synonymous SNVs should be minimized, especially in exome sequencing. Our study systematically analyzes the effects of mouse contamination in the sequencing data of human-in-mouse xenografts. Our findings provide information for designing data analysis pipelines for these data.

Ecotoxicity of boric acid in standard laboratory tests with plants and soil organisms.

PubMed

Princz, Juliska; Becker, Leonie; Scheffczyk, Adam; Stephenson, Gladys; Scroggins, Rick; Moser, Thomas; Römbke, Jörg

2017-05-01

To verify the continuous sensitivity of ecotoxicological tests (mainly the test organisms), reference substances with known toxicity are regularly tested. Ideally, this substance(s) would lack specificity in its mode action, be bioavailable and readily attainable with cost-effective means of chemical characterization. Boric acid has satisfied these criteria, but has most recently been characterized as a substance of very high concern, due to reproductive effects in humans, thus limiting its recommendation as an ideal reference toxicant. However, there is probably no other chemical for which ecotoxicity in soil has been so intensively studied; an extensive literature review yielded lethal (including avoidance) and sublethal data for 38 taxa. The ecotoxicity data were evaluated using species sensitivity distributions, collectively across all taxa, and separately according to species type, endpoints, soil type and duration. The lack of specificity in the mode of action yielded broad toxicity among soil taxa and soil types, and provided a collective approach to assessing species sensitivity, while taking into consideration differences in test methodologies and exposure durations. Toxicity was species-specific with Folsomia candida and enchytraied species demonstrating the most sensitivity; among plants, the following trend occurred: dicotyledonous (more sensitive) ≫ monocotyledonous ≫ gymnosperm species. Sensitivity was also time and endpoint specific, with endpoints such as lethality and avoidance being less sensitive than reproduction effects. Furthermore, given the breadth of data and toxicity demonstrated by boric acid, lessons learned from its evaluation are discussed to recommend the properties required by an ideal reference substance for the soil compartment.

Dose-response relationship between cumulative physical workload and osteoarthritis of the hip - a meta-analysis applying an external reference population for exposure assignment.

PubMed

Seidler, Andreas; Lüben, Laura; Hegewald, Janice; Bolm-Audorff, Ulrich; Bergmann, Annekatrin; Liebers, Falk; Ramdohr, Christina; Romero Starke, Karla; Freiberg, Alice; Unverzagt, Susanne

2018-06-01

There is consistent evidence from observational studies of an association between occupational lifting and carrying of heavy loads and the diagnosis of hip osteoarthritis. However, due to the heterogeneity of exposure estimates considered in single studies, a dose-response relationship between cumulative physical workload and hip osteoarthritis could not be determined so far. This study aimed to analyze the dose-response relationship between cumulative physical workload and hip osteoarthritis by replacing the exposure categories of the included studies with cumulative exposure values of an external reference population. Our meta-regression analysis was based on a recently conducted systematic review (Bergmann A, Bolm-Audorff U, Krone D, Seidler A, Liebers F, Haerting J, Freiberg A, Unverzagt S, Dtsch Arztebl Int 114:581-8, 2017). The main analysis of our meta-regression comprised six case-control studies for men and five for women. The population control subjects of a German multicentre case-control study (Seidler A, Bergmann A, Jäger M, Ellegast R, Ditchen D, Elsner G, Grifka J, Haerting J, Hofmann F, Linhardt O, Luttmann A, Michaelis M, Petereit-Haack G, Schumann B, Bolm-Audorff U, BMC Musculoskelet Disord 10:48, 2009) served as the reference population. Based on the sex-specific cumulative exposure percentiles of the reference population, we assigned exposure values to each category of the included studies using three different cumulative exposure parameters. To estimate the doubling dose (the amount of physical workload to double the risk of hip osteoarthritis) on the basis of all available case-control-studies, meta-regression analyses were conducted based on the linear association between exposure values of the reference population and the logarithm of reported odds ratios (ORs) from the included studies. In men, the risk to develop hip osteoarthritis was increased by an OR of 1.98 (95% CI 1.20-3.29) per 10,000 tons of weights ≥20 kg handled, 2.08 (95% CI 1.22-3.53) per 10,000 tons handled > 10 times per day and 8.64 (95% CI 1.87-39.91) per 10 6 operations. These estimations result in doubling dosages of 10,100 tons of weights ≥20 kg handled, 9500 tons ≥20 kg handled > 10 times per day and 321,400 operations of weights ≥20 kg. There was no linear association between manual handling of weights at work and risk to develop hip osteoarthritis in women. Under specific conditions, the application of an external reference population allows for the derivation of a dose-response relationship despite high exposure heterogeneities in the pooled studies.

Intrinsic Remediation Engineering Evaluation/Cost Analysis for Car Care Center at Bolling Air Force Base, Washington, DC

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-01-01

supplemented using established literature values for similar aquifer materials . The groundwater sampling activities and analytical results from both...subsurface materials recovered. Observed soil classification types compared very favorably to the soil classifications determined by the CPT tests. 0 2.1.5...other similar substances were handled in a manner consistent with accepted safety procedures and standard operating practices. Well completion materials

The role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of substance-related disorders.

PubMed

Maniglio, Roberto

2011-01-01

To elucidate the role of child sexual abuse in the etiology of substance-related disorders, a systematic review of the several articles on the childhood sexual abuse-related risk for developing substance problems in adolescence or adulthood is provided. Seven databases were searched, supplemented with hand-search of reference lists. Six reviews, including 200 studies, were included. Results indicate that child sexual abuse is a statistically significant, although general and nonspecific, risk factor for substance problems. Other biological and psychosocial variables contribute to substance-related disorders, with sexual abuse conferring additional risk, either as a distal, indirect cause or as a proximal, direct cause. Recommendations for future research are provided.

Quality assurance in mammography: artifact analysis.

PubMed

Hogge, J P; Palmer, C H; Muller, C C; Little, S T; Smith, D C; Fatouros, P P; de Paredes, E S

1999-01-01

Evaluation of mammograms for artifacts is essential for mammographic quality assurance. A variety of mammographic artifacts (i.e., variations in mammographic density not caused by true attenuation differences) can occur and can create pseudolesions or mask true abnormalities. Many artifacts are readily identified, whereas others present a true diagnostic challenge. Factors that create artifacts may be related to the processor (eg, static, dirt or excessive developer buildup on the rollers, excessive roller pressure, damp film, scrapes and scratches, incomplete fixing, power failure, contaminated developer), the technologist (eg, improper film handling and loading, improper use of the mammography unit and related equipment, positioning and darkroom errors), the mammography unit (eg, failure of the collimation mirror to rotate, grid inhomogeneity, failure of the reciprocating grid to move, material in the tube housing, compression failure, improper alignment of the compression paddle with the Bucky tray, defective compression paddle), or the patient (e.g., motion, superimposed objects or substances [jewelry, body parts, clothing, hair, implanted medical devices, foreign bodies, substances on the skin]). Familiarity with the broad range of artifacts and the measures required to eliminate them is vital. Careful attention to darkroom cleanliness, care in film handling, regularly scheduled processor maintenance and chemical replenishment, daily quality assurance activities, and careful attention to detail during patient positioning and mammography can reduce or eliminate most mammographic artifacts.

Drilling, sampling, and sample-handling system for China's asteroid exploration mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Tao; Zhang, Wenming; Wang, Kang; Gao, Sheng; Hou, Liang; Ji, Jianghui; Ding, Xilun

2017-08-01

Asteroid exploration has a significant importance in promoting our understanding of the solar system and the origin of life on Earth. A unique opportunity to study near-Earth asteroid 99942 Apophis will occur in 2029 because it will be at its perigee. In the current work, a drilling, sampling, and sample-handling system (DSSHS) is proposed to penetrate the asteroid regolith, collect regolith samples at different depths, and distribute the samples to different scientific instruments for in situ analysis. In this system, a rotary-drilling method is employed for the penetration, and an inner sampling tube is utilized to collect and discharge the regolith samples. The sampling tube can deliver samples up to a maximum volume of 84 mm3 at a maximum penetration depth of 300 mm to 17 different ovens. To activate the release of volatile substances, the samples will be heated up to a temperature of 600 °C by the ovens, and these substances will be analyzed by scientific instruments such as a mass spectrometer, an isotopic analyzer, and micro-cameras, among other instruments. The DSSHS is capable of penetrating rocks with a hardness value of six, and it can be used for China's asteroid exploration mission in the foreseeable future.

[Identification of related substances in nicergoline by HPLC-MS].

PubMed

Zeng, Xue-fang; Liu, Jie; Song, Min; Hang, Tai-jun

2015-08-01

To study the related substances in nicergoline, electrospray positive ionization high resolution TOF/MS was used for the determination of the accurate mass and elemental composition of the related substances. Triple quadrupoles tandem MS/MS was employed for the determination of the fragmentations of the parent ions. 16 related substances were detected and identified to be eight synthetic by-products and eight degradation products, by using impurity references matching, product mass spectra fragmentations elucidation, and verified further according to synthetic processes and stress testing results. The results obtained are valuable for nicergoline manufacturing process control and quality assurance.

Neural Flight Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gundy-Burlet, Karen

2003-01-01

The Neural Flight Control System (NFCS) was developed to address the need for control systems that can be produced and tested at lower cost, easily adapted to prototype vehicles and for flight systems that can accommodate damaged control surfaces or changes to aircraft stability and control characteristics resulting from failures or accidents. NFCS utilizes on a neural network-based flight control algorithm which automatically compensates for a broad spectrum of unanticipated damage or failures of an aircraft in flight. Pilot stick and rudder pedal inputs are fed into a reference model which produces pitch, roll and yaw rate commands. The reference model frequencies and gains can be set to provide handling quality characteristics suitable for the aircraft of interest. The rate commands are used in conjunction with estimates of the aircraft s stability and control (S&C) derivatives by a simplified Dynamic Inverse controller to produce virtual elevator, aileron and rudder commands. These virtual surface deflection commands are optimally distributed across the aircraft s available control surfaces using linear programming theory. Sensor data is compared with the reference model rate commands to produce an error signal. A Proportional/Integral (PI) error controller "winds up" on the error signal and adds an augmented command to the reference model output with the effect of zeroing the error signal. In order to provide more consistent handling qualities for the pilot, neural networks learn the behavior of the error controller and add in the augmented command before the integrator winds up. In the case of damage sufficient to affect the handling qualities of the aircraft, an Adaptive Critic is utilized to reduce the reference model frequencies and gains to stay within a flyable envelope of the aircraft.

Development of a bionanodevice for detecting stress levels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nomura, S.; Handri, S.; Honda, H.

2011-03-01

Recent advances in molecular analysis techniques have enabled scientists to assess the tiny amounts of biochemical substances secreted in our bodies. This has revealed that the levels of various secretory hormones and immune substances vary sensitively with the mental state of a person. Such hormones and immune substances exhibit transient increases with various psychological stressors. They thus have the potential to be used as a novel biometric for monitoring stress. Biomarkers that occur in saliva can be monitored non-invasively and are thus potentially useful as practical indicators of mental stress. Stress biomarkers are considered to be released into the blood stream or other secretory fluids by physiological stress reactions. Stress biomarkers are expected to be detectable in sweat and other humoral fluids that are exuded from the skin surface. Based on this, we have developed a bionanodevice for detecting stress by capturing stress biomarkers on the skin surface in a non-invasive manner. A prototype bionanodevice is described in which a motor protein is introduced for molecular handling.

Evaluation of AFBC co-firing of coal and hospital wastes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1991-02-01

The purpose of this program is to expand the use of coal by utilizing CFB (circulating fluidized bed) technology to provide an environmentally safe method for disposing of waste materials. Hospitals are currently experiencing a waste management crisis. In many instances, they are no longer permitted to burn pathological and infectious wastes in incinerators. Older hospital incinerators are not capable of maintaining the stable temperatures and residence times necessary in order to completely destroy toxic substances before release into the atmosphere. In addition, the number of available landfills which can safely handle these substances is decreasing each year. The purposemore » of this project is to conduct necessary research investigating whether the combustion of the hospital wastes in a coal-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler will effectively destroy dioxins and other hazardous substances before release into the atmosphere. If this is proven feasible, in light of the quantity of hospital wastes generated each year, it would create a new market for coal -- possibly 50 million tons/year.« less

The Effective Use of Symbols in Teaching Word Recognition to Children with Severe Learning Difficulties: A Comparison of Word Alone, Integrated Picture Cueing and the Handle Technique.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheehy, Kieron

2002-01-01

A comparison is made between a new technique (the Handle Technique), Integrated Picture Cueing, and a Word Alone Method. Results show using a new combination of teaching strategies enabled logographic symbols to be used effectively in teaching word recognition to 12 children with severe learning difficulties. (Contains references.) (Author/CR)

Management of malignancy-associated pleural effusion: current and future treatment strategies.

PubMed

Marchi, Evaldo; Teixeira, Lisete R; Vargas, Francisco S

2003-01-01

Management of recurrent malignant pleural effusion, a common complication of malignancy, poses a challenge to clinicians. Although almost one century has elapsed since the introduction of the pleurodesis procedure, the ideal approach and best agent are still to be defined. Optimally, pleurodesis should be done at the bedside with a minimally invasive procedure, and suitable agents to achieve pleural symphysis should be inexpensive, available worldwide and free of adverse effects. To date, no substance completely fulfills these requirements. Silver nitrate should be considered for pleurodesis because of its low cost and ease of handling. Although talc has been used most frequently to induce pleurodesis, reports of death due to acute respiratory failure have raised concerns about the safety of this agent. Tetracycline, an effective alternative used in the past, is no longer commercially available. This agent has been substituted with derivatives of tetracycline, such as minocycline and doxycycline with success rates similar to those with tetracycline. Several antineoplastic agents have been injected into the pleural space with the aim of producing pleural symphysis, the most representative of this group being bleomycin. Recent knowledge of the molecular mechanisms involved in pleural inflammation has brought into focus new substances, such as transforming growth factor beta and vascular endothelial growth factor, which may be used as pleurodesis agents in the future. Nevertheless, more studies are necessary to better define the potential of these substances in the induction of pleural symphysis.Ideally, a sclerosing agent should be cost-effective, available worldwide and easily administered. Talc will probably stand as the preferred agent to be used for pleurodesis in malignant pleural effusion because of its efficacy, easy manipulation and handling. However, further investigation is necessary to minimize adverse effects related to talc.

7 CFR 966.323 - Handling regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... varieties; cerasiform type tomatoes commonly referred to as cherry tomatoes; hydroponic tomatoes; and...) Definitions. Hydroponic tomatoes means tomatoes grown in solution without soil; greenhouse tomatoes means...

7 CFR 966.323 - Handling regulation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... varieties; cerasiform type tomatoes commonly referred to as cherry tomatoes; hydroponic tomatoes; and...) Definitions. Hydroponic tomatoes means tomatoes grown in solution without soil; greenhouse tomatoes means...

Normative Feedback and Adolescent Readiness to Change: A Small Randomized Trial

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Douglas C.; Davis, Jordan P.; Ureche, Daniel J.; Tabb, Karen M.

2015-01-01

For adolescents with substance use problems, it is unknown whether the provision of normative feedback is a necessary active ingredient in motivational interviewing (MI). This study investigated the impact of normative feedback on adolescents' readiness to change and perceptions of MI quality. Adolescents referred for substance use disorder (SUD)…

The Ability of Individuals with Psychoactive Substance Use Disorders to Escape Detection by the Personality Assessment Inventory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fals-Stewart, William

1996-01-01

The ability of individuals with psychoactive substance use disorders to dissimulate successfully on the Personality Assessment Inventory (PAI) was evaluated with 236 adults from treatment, nonclinical, control, and forensically referred groups. Findings indicate that the PAI scales measuring drug and alcohol problems are susceptible to…

27 CFR 555.11 - Meaning of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... mental defective. (a) A determination by a court, board, commission, or other lawful authority that a... relation to an individual: (a) The full name, date of birth, place of birth, sex, race, street address... substance and has lost the power of self-control with reference to the use of a controlled substance; and...

Reducing Substance Abuse Risk Factors among Children through a Teacher as Facilitator Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McLaughlin, Robert J.; And Others

1993-01-01

Teachers as Facilitators (TAF) program used teachers as leaders of small groups that promoted social, emotional, and academic development of children at high risk for substance abuse. Found that school personnel were capable of accurately identifying and referring students; TAF program was effective in improving students' perceived academic…

Preference-weighted health status associated with substance use-disorders treatment.

PubMed

Pyne, Jeffrey M; Booth, Brenda M; Farahati, Farah; Tripathi, Shanti; Smith, G Richard; Marques, Paul R

2006-05-01

Cost-effectiveness analyses using preference-weighted health status as the measure of effectiveness allow for the direct comparison of cost-effectiveness ratios for physical and mental health interventions. However, these analyses are not commonly used for substance use-disorders interventions. We conducted a methodological evaluation of the relationship between preference-weighted health status and 6-month substance use-disorders treatment outcomes. The design was an observational study of clients receiving substance use-disorders treatment. Fifteen high-volume treatment centers within a regional managed behavioral health care organization participated. There were 165 subjects (117 men, 48 women) diagnosed with current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, substance dependence in the analysis. Baseline and 6-month data included substance-use quantity, frequency, and diagnostic criteria and preference-weighted Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 scores based on visual analog scale (VAS) and standard gamble (SG) conversion formulas. Controlling for sociodemographic variables, VAS change for early remission at 6 months was 0.107 (p = .0002) (reference category continued dependence). SG change for early remission at 6 months was 0.041 (p < .0004). Using heavy drinkers as the reference category, VAS preference-weighted change was 0.062 (p = .10) for abstinent and 0.112 (p = .01) for moderate drinkers. SG preference-weighted change was 0.027 (p = .08) for abstinent and 0.046 (p = .01) for moderate drinkers. These findings support the construct validity of preference-weighted health status in substance use-disorders treatment. Direct comparisons of the cost-effectiveness of substance use-disorders treatment with other mental or physical health interventions are critical during times of limited health care resources.

Polyfluorinated substances in abiotic standard reference materials

EPA Science Inventory

The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has a wide range of Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) which have values assigned for legacy organic pollutants and toxic elements. Existing SRMs serve as homogenous materials that can be used for method development, meth...

Adolescent substance use and abuse: recognition and management.

PubMed

Griswold, Kim S; Aronoff, Helen; Kernan, Joan B; Kahn, Linda S

2008-02-01

Substance abuse in adolescents is undertreated in the United States. Family physicians are well positioned to recognize substance use in their patients and to take steps to address the issue before use escalates. Comorbid mental disorders among adolescents with substance abuse include depression, anxiety, conduct disorder, and attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder. Office-, home-, and school-based drug testing is not routinely recommended. Screening tools for adolescent substance abuse include the CRAFFT questionnaire. Family therapy is crucial in the management of adolescent substance use disorders. Although family physicians may be able to treat adolescents with substance use disorders in the office setting, it is often necessary and prudent to refer patients to one or more appropriate consultants who specialize specifically in substance use disorders, psychology, or psychiatry. Treatment options include anticipatory guidance, brief therapeutic counseling, school-based drug-counseling programs, outpatient substance abuse clinics, day treatment programs, and inpatient and residential programs. Working within community and family contexts, family physicians can activate and oversee the system of professionals and treatment components necessary for optimal management of substance misuse in adolescents.

[Current situation and issues for analyzing illegal drug products].

PubMed

Hasegawa, Takashi; Takahashi, Kazunaga; Saijo, Masaaki; Fukiwake, Tomohide; Motoki, Yuji

2013-01-01

Thirty-two psychotropic substances (31 compounds and one plant) have been controlled as designated substances (Shitei-yakubutsu) in Japan by the Pharmaceutical Affairs Law since April 2007. Although the trafficking of these drugs has decreased because of this regulation, new designer drugs (synthetic cannabinoids and cathinones) have appeared, one after the other. As of October 2011, 40 compounds had been newly added to this category. Analytical methods have become more complicated due to this increase in the number of designated substances. Moreover, many reference substances for such designated substances and other new designer drugs are not commercially available. For the reasons stated above, a lot of time and effort is required to analyze the illegal drug products available on the market.

Therapeutic drug monitoring for drugs used in the treatment of substance-related disorders: literature review using a therapeutic drug monitoring appropriateness rating scale.

PubMed

Brünen, Sonja; Vincent, Philippe D; Baumann, Pierre; Hiemke, Christoph; Havemann-Reinecke, Ursula

2011-10-01

The efficacy of drugs for the treatment of substance-related disorders is moderate at best. Therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) could be an instrument to improve outcomes. Because TDM for most of those drugs is not established, the authors reviewed the literature and built a rating scale to detect the potential added value of TDM for these pharmacologic agents. A literature search was performed for acamprosate, bupropion, buprenorphine, clomethiazole, disulfiram, methadone, naltrexone, and varenicline. The rating scale included 22 items and was divided in five categories: efficacy, toxicity, pharmacokinetics, patient characteristics, and cost-effectiveness. Three reference substances with established TDM were similarly assessed for comparison: clozapine, lithium, and nortriptyline. The three reference substances achieved scores of 15, 12, and 14 points, respectively. Drugs for treatment of substance-related disorders achieved 3 to 17 points, 17 for methadone, 11 for buprenorphine, 10 for disulfiram, also 10 for naltrexone for the indication opioid-dependence and 9 for the indication alcohol dependence as well as bupropion, 7 points for acamprosate, 6 points for clomethiazole, and 3 for varenicline. It is concluded that systematic evaluation of drug- and patient-related variables with the new rating scale can estimate the appropriateness of TDM. Because their rating revealed similar scores as the three reference drugs, it is proposed that TDM should be established for bupropion, buprenorphine, disulfiram or a metabolite, methadone, and naltrexone. An objective rating of drug- and patient-related characteristics could help laboratories focus their method development on the most likely drugs to require TDM along with a thorough drug use evaluation.

Treated delinquent boys' substance use: onset, pattern, relationship to conduct and mood disorders.

PubMed

Young, S E; Mikulich, S K; Goodwin, M B; Hardy, J; Martin, C L; Zoccolillo, M S; Crowley, T J

1995-02-01

We describe relationships between substance use, conduct disorder (CD), depression, and history of self-injury or suicide attempts, in referred, delinquent, substance involved, adolescent males. Sixty youths (mean age 16.3 years) completed standardized assessments for substance use and other psychiatric disorders, aggressiveness, and social class. All boys met modified criteria for CD. Most had high aggression ratings. Twenty percent had depressive diagnoses. By age 13, 78% had begun regular substance use. Marijuana was the first substance for 42%. The boys had substance dependence on a mean of 3.2 different drugs (usually including alcohol and marijuana), with abuse of an average of one additional drug. CD symptoms began 3.6 years (mean) before regular use. CD symptom count correlated with number of dependence diagnoses, and both of those (but not depression) related significantly to suicide attempt and self-injury histories. Improved understanding of substance involvement in youths with CD may generate more rational prevention and treatment.

Tickling, a Technique for Inducing Positive Affect When Handling Rats.

PubMed

Cloutier, Sylvie; LaFollette, Megan R; Gaskill, Brianna N; Panksepp, Jaak; Newberry, Ruth C

2018-05-08

Handling small animals such as rats can lead to several adverse effects. These include the fear of humans, resistance to handling, increased injury risk for both the animals and the hands of their handlers, decreased animal welfare, and less valid research data. To minimize negative effects on experimental results and human-animal relationships, research animals are often habituated to being handled. However, the methods of habituation are highly variable and often of limited effectiveness. More potently, it is possible for humans to mimic aspects of the animals' playful rough-and-tumble behavior during handling. When applied to laboratory rats in a systematic manner, this playful handling, referred to as tickling, consistently gives rise to positive behavioral responses. This article provides a detailed description of a standardized rat tickling technique. This method can contribute to future investigations into positive affective states in animals, make it easier to handle rats for common husbandry activities such as cage changing or medical/research procedures such as injection, and be implemented as a source of social enrichment. It is concluded that this method can be used to efficiently and practicably reduce rats' fearfulness of humans and improve their welfare, as well as reliably model positive affective states.

Floristry. Instructor Guide [and] Student Reference. Volume 28, Number 1 [and] Volume 28, Number 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rothenberger, Barbara; And Others

This instructor guide and the corresponding student reference contain 7 units that include 30 lessons for a course in floristry. The lessons topics are as follows: the floristry industry, plant identification, post-harvest handling, the mechanics of floral design, basic principles of floral design, construction of various types of designs, and…

Where Does that Electronic Resource Fit on the Library Web Page?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Digby, Todd R.

2004-01-01

The author of this article is an automation librarian, but at times he also works at the reference desk, as well as teaching library instruction and literacy classes. Working at the reference desk, he learns how users handle their library's information technology. This article explores the conclusions that the author has reached regarding the…

Automated saliva processing for LC-MS/MS: Improving laboratory efficiency in cortisol and cortisone testing.

PubMed

Antonelli, Giorgia; Padoan, Andrea; Artusi, Carlo; Marinova, Mariela; Zaninotto, Martina; Plebani, Mario

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to implement in our routine practice an automated saliva preparation protocol for quantification of cortisol (F) and cortisone (E) by LC-MS/MS using a liquid handling platform, maintaining the previously defined reference intervals with the manual preparation. Addition of internal standard solution to saliva samples and calibrators and SPE on μ-elution 96-well plate were performed by liquid handling platform. After extraction, the eluates were submitted to LC-MS/MS analysis. The manual steps within the entire process were to transfer saliva samples in suitable tubes, to put the cap mat and transfer of the collection plate to the LC auto sampler. Transference of the reference intervals from the manual to the automated procedure was established by Passing Bablok regression on 120 saliva samples analyzed simultaneously with the two procedures. Calibration curves were linear throughout the selected ranges. The imprecision ranged from 2 to 10%, with recoveries from 95 to 116%. Passing Bablok regression demonstrated no significant bias. The liquid handling platform translates the manual steps into automated operations allowing for saving hands-on time, while maintaining assay reproducibility and ensuring reliability of results, making it implementable in our routine with the previous established reference intervals. Copyright © 2015 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Amygdala Activation and Emotional Processing in Adolescents at Risk for Substance Use Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindsay, Dawn L.; Pajtek, Stefan; Tarter, Ralph E.; Long, Elizabeth C.; Clark, Duncan B.

2014-01-01

Studies are needed that examine neurobiological characteristics in high-risk individuals prior to substance use disorder (SUD) development. In this pilot study, 4 adolescent subjects at high risk for SUD (having at least 1 parent with an SUD) were compared with 4 adolescent reference subjects on a cortico-limbic reactivity paradigm, where they…

78 FR 69130 - Importer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Application: Johnson Matthey, Inc.

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-18

... Concentrate (9670) II The company plans to import the listed controlled substances as raw materials, to be... requests for hearings on applications to import narcotic raw material are not appropriate. 72 FR 3417 (2007). In reference to the non-narcotic raw material, the company plans to import gram amounts to be used as...

Alcohol and substance abuse, depression and suicide attempts after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

PubMed

Backman, O; Stockeld, D; Rasmussen, F; Näslund, E; Marsk, R

2016-09-01

Small studies suggest that subjects who have undergone bariatric surgery are at increased risk of suicide, alcohol and substance use disorders. This population-based cohort study aimed to assess the incidence of treatment for alcohol and substance use disorders, depression and attempted suicide after primary Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). All patients who underwent primary RYGB in Sweden between 2001 and 2010 were included. Incidence of hospital admission for alcohol and substance use disorders, depression and suicide attempt was measured, along with the number of drugs prescribed. This cohort was compared with a large age-matched, non-obese reference cohort based on the Swedish population. Inpatient care and prescribed drugs registers were used. Before RYGB surgery, women, but not men, were at higher risk of being diagnosed with alcohol and substance use disorder compared with the reference cohort. After surgery, this was the case for both sexes. The risk of being diagnosed and treated for depression remained raised after surgery. Suicide attempts were significantly increased after RYGB. The adjusted hazard ratio for attempted suicide in the RYGB cohort after surgery compared with the general non-obese population was 2·85 (95 per cent c.i. 2·40 to 3·39). Patients who have undergone RYGB are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with alcohol and substance use, with an increased rate of attempted suicide compared with a non-obese general population cohort. © 2016 BJS Society Ltd Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Integrating intervention for substance use disorder in a healthcare setting: practice and outcomes in New York City STD clinics.

PubMed

Yu, Jiang; Appel, Phil; Rogers, Meighan; Blank, Susan; Davis, Carrie; Warren, Barbara; Freeman, Anthony; Harris, Brett; Hussain, Shazia

2016-01-01

This article reports the integration and outcomes of implementing intervention services for substance use disorder (SUD) in three New York City public sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics. The screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) service model was implemented in the STD clinics in 2008. A relational database was developed, which included screening results, service dispositions, face-to-face interviews with 6-month follow-ups, and treatment information. From February 2008 to the end of September 2012, 146,657 STD clinic patients 18 years or older were screened for current or past substance use disorders; 15,687 received a brief intervention; 954 received referrals to formal substance abuse treatment; 2082 were referred to substance abuse support services such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and 690 were referred to mental health, social or HIV awareness services. Intervention services delivered through SBIRT resulted in improvements in multiple outcomes at 6 month follow-up. Patients who received interventions had reduced SUD risks, fewer mental health problems, and fewer unprotected sexual contacts. Delivery of SUD services in a public health setting represents a significant policy and practice change and benefits many individuals whose SUDs might otherwise be overlooked. Intervention services for substance use disorder were integrated and highly utilized in the STD setting. Further research needs to focus on the long-term impact of SUD interventions in the STD setting, their cost effectiveness, and the extent they are financially sustainable under the new healthcare law.

Molecular Genetics of Successful Smoking Cessation: Convergent Genome-Wide Association Study Results

PubMed Central

Uhl, George R.; Liu, Qing-Rong; Drgon, Tomas; Johnson, Catherine; Walther, Donna; Rose, Jed E.; David, Sean P.; Niaura, Ray; Lerman, Caryn

2008-01-01

Context Smoking remains a major public health problem. Twin studies indicate that the ability to quit smoking is substantially heritable, with genetics that overlap modestly with the genetics of vulnerability to dependence on addictive substances. Objectives To identify replicated genes that facilitate smokers’ abilities to achieve and sustain abstinence from smoking (hereinafter referred to as quit-success genes) found in more than 2 genome-wide association (GWA) studies of successful vs unsuccessful abstainers, and, secondarily, to nominate genes for selective involvement in smoking cessation success with bupropion hydrochloride vs nicotine replacement therapy (NRT). Design The GWA results in subjects from 3 centers, with secondary analyses of NRT vs bupropion responders. Setting Outpatient smoking cessation trial participants from 3 centers. Participants European American smokers who successfully vs unsuccessfully abstain from smoking with biochemical confirmation in a smoking cessation trial using NRT, bupropion, or placebo (N=550). Main Outcome Measures Quit-success genes, reproducibly identified by clustered nominally positive single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in more than 2 independent samples with significant P values based on Monte Carlo simulation trials. The NRT-selective genes were nominated by clustered SNPs that display much larger t values for NRT vs placebo comparisons. The bupropion-selective genes were nominated by bupropion-selective results. Results Variants in quit-success genes are likely to alter cell adhesion, enzymatic, transcriptional, structural, and DNA, RNA, and/or protein-handling functions. Quit-success genes are identified by clustered nominally positive SNPs from more than 2 samples and are unlikely to represent chance observations (Monte Carlo P < .0003). These genes display modest overlap with genes identified in GWA studies of dependence on addictive substances and memory. Conclusions These results support polygenic genetics for success in abstaining from smoking, overlap with genetics of substance dependence and memory, and nominate gene variants for selective influences on therapeutic responses to bupropion vs NRT. Molecular genetics should help match the types and/or intensity of anti-smoking treatments with the smokers most likely to benefit from them. PMID:18519826

A guide for authors of symposium papers

Treesearch

Edwin vH. Larson

1971-01-01

Suggestions for preparing a symposium paper for publication, including length, general style, manuscript format, and details of handling tables, illustrations, footnotes, literature references, etc. Also suggestions for typing.

Users' and GPs' causal attributions of illegal substance use: an exploratory interview study.

PubMed

Wynn, Rolf; Karlsen, Kjetil; Lorntzsen, Bianca; Bjerke, Trond Nergaard; Bergvik, Svein

2009-08-01

There is a need to explore the beliefs regarding the causes of illegal substance use of the people who themselves use the substances (SU) and their GPs. Increased knowledge about such beliefs--often referred to as causal attributions--may improve mutual understanding and communication between SU and GPs. Eight SU and five GPs were interviewed about the causes of illegal substance use. They also talked about how substance use was discussed in consultations. Data were analysed qualitatively. Both the SU and the GPs believed that several factors usually were important in each case of illegal substance use. The SU more often than the GPs emphasised the positive aspects of illegal substance use. We discerned five main causes: biological, social, lack of self-control, positive experiences, and chance. Several of the SU and GPs emphasised that it was difficult to communicate about substance use. The GPs and the SU believed illegal substance use is caused by many factors, including biological, social, and lack of self-control. Communicating about illegal substance use is challenging. GPs should be aware of the clinical importance of causal attributions and should explore beliefs held by SU about the causes of their substance use.

Symptoms Associated With Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism Spectrum Disorders in School-Aged Children Prenatally Exposed to Substances

PubMed Central

Sandtorv, Lisbeth Beate; Fevang, Silje Katrine Elgen; Nilsen, Sondre Aasen; Bøe, Tormod; Gjestad, Rolf; Haugland, Siren; Elgen, Irene Bircow

2018-01-01

Prenatal exposure to substances may influence a child’s neurodevelopment and impact on subsequent mental health. In a hospital-based population of school-aged children prenatally exposed to opiates and a number of illicit substances (n = 57), we evaluated mental health symptoms associated with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASD) using the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Questionnaire, revision IV (SNAP-IV) and the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ) and compared the scores to a reference group which comprised children from the population-based Bergen Child Study (n = 171). Prenatally exposed children had significantly higher SNAP-IV scores associated with ADHD symptoms in both areas of inattention and hyperactivity/impulsivity and also reported a higher ASSQ score related to an increased number of symptoms associated with ASD, compared with the reference group. Of tested predictors of mental health outcomes in the exposed group, the intelligence quotient was a strong predictor of most mental health outcomes, and neonatal abstinence syndrome was a predictor of inattention. In conclusion, prenatally exposed children had more mental health symptoms associated with ADHD and ASD, compared with the reference group. PMID:29618930

Nonlinear Dynamic Inversion Baseline Control Law: Architecture and Performance Predictions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Christopher J.

2011-01-01

A model reference dynamic inversion control law has been developed to provide a baseline control law for research into adaptive elements and other advanced flight control law components. This controller has been implemented and tested in a hardware-in-the-loop simulation; the simulation results show excellent handling qualities throughout the limited flight envelope. A simple angular momentum formulation was chosen because it can be included in the stability proofs for many basic adaptive theories, such as model reference adaptive control. Many design choices and implementation details reflect the requirements placed on the system by the nonlinear flight environment and the desire to keep the system as basic as possible to simplify the addition of the adaptive elements. Those design choices are explained, along with their predicted impact on the handling qualities.

Routine post-weaning handling of rats prevents isolation rearing-induced deficit in prepulse inhibition.

PubMed

Rosa, M L N M; Silva, R C B; Moura-de-Carvalho, F T; Brandão, M L; Guimarães, F S; Del Bel, E A

2005-11-01

Rats reared under isolation conditions from weaning present a number of behavioral changes compared to animals reared under social conditions (group housing). These changes include deficits in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle reflex to a loud sound. PPI refers to the reduction of the magnitude of the startle reflex when a relatively weak stimulus (the prepulse) precedes by an appropriate time interval the intense startle-elicing stimulus (the pulse). PPI is useful for studying sensorimotor integration. The present study evaluated the effect of handling on the impairment of PPI induced by isolation-rearing. Male Wistar rats (N = 11-15/group) were housed in groups (5 per cage and handled three times a week) or isolated (housed individually) since weaning (21 days) for 10 weeks when they reach approximately 150 g. The isolated rats were divided into "minimally handled" animals (handled once a week for cleaning purposes only) or "handled" animals (handled three times a week). This handling consisted of grasping the rat by the tail and moving it to a clean cage (approximately 5 s). A statistically significant reduction (52%) in the PPI test was found only in the isolated group with minimal handling while no difference was seen between grouped animals and isolated handled animals. These results indicate that isolation rearing causes disruption in the PPI at adult age, which serves as an index of attention deficit. This change in the sensory processing of information induced by post-weaning isolation can be prevented by handling during the development of the animal.

Motor vehicle fuel analyzer

DOEpatents

Hoffheins, B.S.; Lauf, R.J.

1997-08-05

A gas detecting system is described for classifying the type of liquid fuel in a container or tank. The system includes a plurality of semiconductor gas sensors, each of which differs from the other in its response to various organic vapors. The system includes a means of processing the responses of the plurality of sensors such that the responses to any particular organic substance or mixture is sufficiently distinctive to constitute a recognizable ``signature``. The signature of known substances are collected and divided into two classes based on some other known characteristic of the substances. A pattern recognition system classifies the signature of an unknown substance with reference to the two user-defined classes, thereby classifying the unknown substance with regard to the characteristic of interest, such as its suitability for a particular use. 14 figs.

Motor vehicle fuel analyzer

DOEpatents

Hoffheins, Barbara S.; Lauf, Robert J.

1997-01-01

A gas detecting system for classifying the type of liquid fuel in a container or tank. The system includes a plurality of semiconductor gas sensors, each of which differs from the other in its response to various organic vapors. The system includes a means of processing the responses of the plurality of sensors such that the responses to any particular organic substance or mixture is sufficiently distinctive to constitute a recognizable "signature". The signature of known substances are collected and divided into two classes based on some other known characteristic of the substances. A pattern recognition system classifies the signature of an unknown substance with reference to the two user-defined classes, thereby classifying the unknown substance with regard to the characteristic of interest, such as its suitability for a particular use.

A Telephone Intervention for Substance-Using Adult Male Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence.

PubMed

Mbilinyi, Lyungai F; Neighbors, Clayton; Walker, Denise D; Roffman, Roger A; Zegree, Joan; Edleson, Jeffrey; O'Rourke, Allison

2011-01-27

OBJECTIVE: To preliminarily evaluate telephone-delivered motivational enhancement therapy (MET) in motivating unadjudicated and nontreatment seeking intimate partner violence (IPV) perpetrators, who also use substances, to self-refer into treatment. METHOD: 124 adult men were recruited via a multimedia marketing campaign and were randomly assigned to the intervention (MET) or comparison group following a baseline assessment. Participants in the MET condition received a personalized feedback report on their IPV and substance-use behaviors, consequences, and social norms beliefs. RESULTS: Results supported the likely effectiveness of MET in short-term reduction of IPV behavior, increasing motivation for treatment seeking, and changing perceived norms for IPV and substance abuse (SA). CONCLUSIONS: Applications for brief MET interventions to facilitate voluntary treatment entry among substance-using IPV perpetrators are discussed.

Racial/ethnic differences in access to substance abuse treatment.

PubMed

Lo, Celia C; Cheng, Tyrone C

2011-05-01

A secondary dataset, Collaborative Psychiatric Epidemiology Surveys (CPES), 2001-2003, was employed to examine racial/ethnic differences in access to specialty and non-specialty substance abuse treatment (compared with no access to treatment). The study found that non-Hispanic White Americans were (1) likelier than members of all racial/ethnic minority groups (other than Hispanics) to address substance abuse by accessing care through specialty addiction-treatment facilities, and were (2) also less likely to access substance abuse care through non-specialty facilities. Because non-specialty facilities may have staffs whose professional training does not target treating chronic, bio-psycho-social illness such as substance abuse, our results imply that treatment facilities deemed non-specialty may need to enhance staff training, in order to ensure individuals are properly screened for substance use conditions and are referred for or provided with effective counseling and medications as appropriate.

Factors that predict adolescent motivation for substance abuse treatment.

PubMed

Battjes, Robert J; Gordon, Michael S; O'Grady, Kevin E; Kinlock, Timothy W; Carswell, Melissa A

2003-04-01

Many adolescent substance abusers enter treatment because of external pressures and thus lack motivation to change their behavior and engage in treatment. Because an understanding of adolescent motivation may contribute to improved treatment, an investigation of factors that predict motivation was undertaken with youth admitted to an adolescent outpatient substance abuse treatment program (N=196). At admission, these subjects received a comprehensive biopsychosocial assessment. Using multiple regression analysis, factors considered to potentially predict motivation were assessed. Of the factors examined, those that involved experiencing various negative consequences of substance use emerged as important predictors of motivation, whereas severity of substance use did not. Diminished awareness of negative consequences of use was consonant with lower motivation, suggesting the importance of interventions to help youth recognize negative consequences of their substance use. Interventions to enhance motivation are likely to become more important as the juvenile justice system increasingly refers troubled youth to treatment.

On definition and use of the term bioavailability.

PubMed

Rescigno, A; Thakur, A K; Marzo, A

1994-10-01

In common usage, the rate of absorption of an active ingredient or its therapeutic moiety is generally not mentioned in the context of bioavailability. In this communication it is shown that exclusion of the rate of absorption may have serious consequence on the interpretation of bioavailability depending on the underlying model for the system under study. In the case of endogenous substances, the term "bioavailability" is ambiguous unless one specifies whether it refers to availability of the exogenous substance only or the sum total of the exogenous and endogenous substances.

A chemical risk ranking and scoring method for the selection of harmful substances to be specially controlled in occupational environments.

PubMed

Shin, Saemi; Moon, Hyung-Il; Lee, Kwon Seob; Hong, Mun Ki; Byeon, Sang-Hoon

2014-11-20

This study aimed to devise a method for prioritizing hazardous chemicals for further regulatory action. To accomplish this objective, we chose appropriate indicators and algorithms. Nine indicators from the Globally Harmonized System of Classification and Labeling of Chemicals were used to identify categories to which the authors assigned numerical scores. Exposure indicators included handling volume, distribution, and exposure level. To test the method devised by this study, sixty-two harmful substances controlled by the Occupational Safety and Health Act in Korea, including acrylamide, acrylonitrile, and styrene were ranked using this proposed method. The correlation coefficients between total score and each indicator ranged from 0.160 to 0.641, and those between total score and hazard indicators ranged from 0.603 to 0.641. The latter were higher than the correlation coefficients between total score and exposure indicators, which ranged from 0.160 to 0.421. Correlations between individual indicators were low (-0.240 to 0.376), except for those between handling volume and distribution (0.613), suggesting that each indicator was not strongly correlated. The low correlations between each indicator mean that the indicators and independent and were well chosen for prioritizing harmful chemicals. This method proposed by this study can improve the cost efficiency of chemical management as utilized in occupational regulatory systems.

Application of the maximum cumulative ratio (MCR) as a screening tool for the evaluation of mixtures in residential indoor air.

PubMed

De Brouwere, Katleen; Cornelis, Christa; Arvanitis, Athanasios; Brown, Terry; Crump, Derrick; Harrison, Paul; Jantunen, Matti; Price, Paul; Torfs, Rudi

2014-05-01

The maximum cumulative ratio (MCR) method allows the categorisation of mixtures according to whether the mixture is of concern for toxicity and if so whether this is driven by one substance or multiple substances. The aim of the present study was to explore, by application of the MCR approach, whether health risks due to indoor air pollution are dominated by one substance or are due to concurrent exposure to various substances. Analysis was undertaken on monitoring data of four European indoor studies (giving five datasets), involving 1800 records of indoor air or personal exposure. Application of the MCR methodology requires knowledge of the concentrations of chemicals in a mixture together with health-based reference values for those chemicals. For this evaluation, single substance health-based reference values (RVs) were selected through a structured review process. The MCR analysis found high variability in the proportion of samples of concern for mixture toxicity. The fraction of samples in these groups of concern varied from 2% (Flemish schools) to 77% (EXPOLIS, Basel, indoor), the variation being due not only to the variation in indoor air contaminant levels across the studies but also to other factors such as differences in number and type of substances monitored, analytical performance, and choice of RVs. However, in 4 out of the 5 datasets, a considerable proportion of cases were found where a chemical-by-chemical approach failed to identify the need for the investigation of combined risk assessment. Although the MCR methodology applied in the current study provides no consideration of commonality of endpoints, it provides a tool for discrimination between those mixtures requiring further combined risk assessment and those for which a single-substance assessment is sufficient. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Playing video games while using or feeling the effects of substances: associations with substance use problems.

PubMed

Ream, Geoffrey L; Elliott, Luther C; Dunlap, Eloise

2011-10-01

This study tested the hypothesis that playing video games while using or feeling the effects of a substance--referred to herein as "concurrent use"-is related to substance use problems after controlling for substance use frequency, video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby, and demographic factors. Data were drawn from a nationally representative online survey of adult video gamers conducted by Knowledge Networks, valid n = 2,885. Problem video game playing behavior was operationalized using Tejeiro Salguero and Bersabé Morán's 2002 problem video game play (PVP) measure, and measures for substance use problems were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Separate structural equation modeling analyses were conducted for users of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. In all four models, concurrent use was directly associated with substance use problems, but not with PVP. Video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby was associated with substance use problems via two indirect paths: through PVP for all substances, and through concurrent use for caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol only. Results illustrate the potential for "drug interaction" between self-reinforcing behaviors and addictive substances, with implications for the development of problem use.

16 CFR § 1500.40 - Method of testing toxic substances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., not to obtain bleeding. (c) Procedures for testing. The sleeve is slipped onto the animal which is... require animals, are presented in the CPSC's animal testing policy set forth in 16 CFR 1500.232. A weight... test animals. The method of testing the toxic substances referred to in § 1500.3(c)(1)(ii)(C) and (c)(2...

Khat Use and Its Impact on Academic Performance: The Case of Jimma University, Ethiopia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abafita, Jemal; Chala, Badassa Wolteji; Eba, Kasahun; Kim, Kyung-Ryang; Kim, Chang-Soo

2015-01-01

The use or misuse of addictive substances like khat has become widespread among the youths especially in countries where the substance is produced and/or consumed. In this paper, we examine whether khat use has any impact on the academic achievement of university students with particular reference to undergraduates in Jimma University, Ethiopia.…

Latino and European American early adolescents' exposure to music with substance-use references: examining parent-child communication as a moderator.

PubMed

Kam, Jennifer A; Wang, Ningxin; Harvey, Jessica

2014-02-01

This study hypothesized that frequent exposure to and attention to music with substance-use references would be indirectly related to alcohol, cigarette, or marijuana use through pro-substance-use beliefs (e.g., norms, outcome expectancies, and refusal efficacy). Parent-child communication, however, would attenuate such associations, which would differ by ethnicity. Multigroup mediation and moderation analyses were conducted, using cross-sectional survey data from 253 Latino and 308 European American 6th-8th grades students. For Latino and European American early adolescents, best-friend-injunctive norms and weak refusal efficacy were significant mediators, but not positive outcome expectancies. Descriptive norms were a significant mediator, but only for European American early adolescents. Although targeted parent-child communication and parental mediation did not moderate the associations between the music-exposure variables and the pro-substance-use beliefs variables, targeted parent-child communication attenuated the association between listening to favorite songs and alcohol consumption. Parental mediation attenuated the association between attention to music and alcohol consumption. Copyright © 2014 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[Prohibited substances in cosmetics: prospect of the toxicity of acrylamide].

PubMed

Shen, Minxue; Sun, Zhenqiu; Shi, Jingcheng; Hu, Ming; Hu, Jingxuan; Liu, Yanhong

2012-04-01

Prohibited substances in cosmetics refer to substances which must not be among the raw material ingredients of cosmetic products. These substances are absorbed mostly through skin, as well as via lung and gastrointestinal tract. Polyacrylamide is ubiquitously used in industry and its decomposition residue acrylamide (ACR) easily finds its way into cosmetic products. ACR can either be oxidized to epoxide glycidamide or conjugated with glutathione, hemoglobin or DNA; ultimately it is excreted in urine. ACR causes neurotoxicity, reproductive toxicity and tumors in rodents. Occupational exposure to ACR causes neurotoxicity in humans; however, epidemiological evidence have not unambiguously answered the question of whether ACR exposure can increase cancer risk for humans.

Substance use, substance abuse, and LD among adolescents with a childhood history of ADHD.

PubMed

Molina, B S; Pelham, W E

2001-01-01

A clinic-referred sample of 109 children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) was followed into adolescence for the ascertainment of alcohol and other drug use and abuse. Learning disability (reading or math) in childhood was examined as a predictor of adolescent substance use and substance use disorder for alcohol and marijuana. No statistically significant group differences for children with LD versus those without LD emerged even after using different methods to compute LD. IQ/achievement discrepancy scores were similarly not predictive of later use or abuse. However, children with ADHD who had higher IQs and higher levels of academic achievement in childhood were more likely to try cigarettes, to smoke daily, and to have their first drink of alcohol or first cigarette at an early age. Children with ADHD who had higher reading achievement scores were less likely to have later alcohol use disorder. Although these findings are necessarily preliminary, due to the small number of children interviewed, the pattern of results suggests that level of cognitive functioning--rather than discrepancy between IQ and achievement--is important for the prediction of later substance use and abuse, at least in this clinic-referred sample of children with ADHD. Further, different mechanisms of risk related to cognitive functioning may be operating for experimentation with legal drugs such as alcohol and tobacco, regular cigarette smoking, and problematic alcohol use.

Selected annotated bibliography of the geology of uraniferous and radioactive native bituminous substances, exclusive of coals, in the United States

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jones, Harriet Nell

1956-01-01

Native bituminous substances are divided into two groups, 1) bitumens and, 2) pyrobitumens. Bitumens are composed principally of hydrocarbons substantially free from oxygenated bodies, are fusible, and are soluble in carbon disulfide. Native bitumens occur in liquid and solid forms. The native liquid bitumens include all petroleums or crude oils. Native solid bitumens include native waxes such as ozocerite, asphalts or petroleum tars, and asphaltites such as gilsonite and grahamite. Pyrobitumens are composed principally of hydrocarbons which may contain oxygenated bodies. They are infusible and are insoluble, or nearly insoluble, in carbon disulfide. Native pyrobitumens are divided into an oxygen-containing group including peats, lignites, and coals, and an essentially oxygen-free, asphaltic group including such substances as wurtzilite, albertite, impsonite, and ingramite. Thucholites, which are carbonaceous substances that may contain uranium, thorium, and rare earths, commonly are considered to be pyrobitumens. Their compositions are variable and may fall into either the oxygen-containing or oxygen-free group. All varieties of native bituminous substances may be associated with mineral matter. The nomenclature of bitumens and pyrobitumens is used very loosely in the literature. This circumstance arises from the difficulty in recognizing many of these substances by visual examination, and because many of them can be identified accurately only by chemical methods. Inasmuch as some of the chemical procedures are time-consuming and satisfactory analytical methods have not been devised for all these substances, geologists generally have not obtained precise identifications but rather have used names that appeared most appropriate to the circumstances. It is expected that future research will show many substances called "asphaltite," "thucholite," etc., to be incorrectly identified. The nomenclature used by the authors of the various references of this bibliography is followed without deviation or further discussion. The stratigraphic nomenclature also is that used by the authors. In this bibliography emphasis is placed on reports dealing with the uranium contents and radioactivity of native bituminous substances rather than on mineralogical and chemical studies of these substances. The distribution of the substances described in the references is shown on the accompanying map. The indicated presence of these substances does not infer that they contain sufficient radioactive elements to constitute ores.

Breath alcohol, multisensor arrays, and electronic noses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paulsson, Nils; Winquist, Fredrik

1997-01-01

The concept behind a volatile compound mapper, or electronic nose, is to use the combination of multiple gas sensors and pattern recognition techniques to detect and quantify substances in gas mixtures. There are several different kinds of sensors which have been developed during recent years of which the base techniques are conducting polymers, piezo electrical crystals and solid state devices. In this work we have used a combination of gas sensitive field effect devices and semiconducting metal oxides. The most useful pattern recognition routine was found to be ANNs, which is a mathematical approximation of the human neural network. The aim of this work is to evaluate the possibility of using electronic noses in field instruments to detect drugs, arson residues, explosives etc. As a test application we have chosen breath alcohol measurements. There are several reasons for this. Breath samples are a quite complex mixture contains between 200 and 300 substances at trace levels. The alcohol level is low but still possible to handle. There are needs for replacing large and heavy mobile instruments with smaller devices. Current instrumentation is rather sensitive to interfering substances. The work so far has dealt with sampling, how to introduce ethanol and other substances in the breath, correlation measurements between the electronic nose and headspace GC, and how to evaluate the sensor signals.

Evaluation of AFBC co-firing of coal and hospital wastes. Technical report, January 1989--August 1990

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1991-02-01

The purpose of this program is to expand the use of coal by utilizing CFB (circulating fluidized bed) technology to provide an environmentally safe method for disposing of waste materials. Hospitals are currently experiencing a waste management crisis. In many instances, they are no longer permitted to burn pathological and infectious wastes in incinerators. Older hospital incinerators are not capable of maintaining the stable temperatures and residence times necessary in order to completely destroy toxic substances before release into the atmosphere. In addition, the number of available landfills which can safely handle these substances is decreasing each year. The purposemore » of this project is to conduct necessary research investigating whether the combustion of the hospital wastes in a coal-fired circulating fluidized bed boiler will effectively destroy dioxins and other hazardous substances before release into the atmosphere. If this is proven feasible, in light of the quantity of hospital wastes generated each year, it would create a new market for coal -- possibly 50 million tons/year.« less

Analysis of Material Handling Safety in Construction Sites and Countermeasures for Effective Enhancement

PubMed Central

Anil Kumar, C. N.; Sakthivel, M.; Elangovan, R. K.; Arularasu, M.

2015-01-01

One of many hazardous workplaces includes the construction sites as they involve several dangerous tasks. Many studies have revealed that material handling equipment is a major cause of accidents at these sites. Though safety measures are being followed and monitored continuously, accident rates are still high as either workers are unaware of hazards or the safety regulations are not being strictly followed. This paper analyses the safety management systems at construction sites through means of questionnaire surveys with employees, specifically referring to safety of material handling equipment. Based on results of the questionnaire surveys, two construction sites were selected for a safety education program targeting worker safety related to material handling equipment. Knowledge levels of the workers were gathered before and after the program and results obtained were subjected to a t-test analysis to mark significance level of the conducted safety education program. PMID:26446572

[Hazardous materials and work safety in veterinary practice. 1: Hazardous material definition and characterization, practice documentation and general rules for handling].

PubMed

Sliwinski-Korell, A; Lutz, F

1998-04-01

In the last years the standards for professional handling of hazardous material as well as health and safety in the veterinary practice became considerably more stringent. This is expressed in various safety regulations, particularly the decree of hazardous material and the legislative directives concerning health and safety at work. In part 1, a definition based on the law for hazardous material is given and the potential risks are mentioned. The correct documentation regarding the protection of the purchase, storage, working conditions and removal of hazardous material and of the personal is explained. General rules for the handling of hazardous material are described. In part 2, particular emphasis is put on the handling of flammable liquids, disinfectants, cytostatica, pressurised gas, liquid nitrogen, narcotics, mailing of potentially infectious material and safe disposal of hazardous waste. Advice about possible unrecognized hazards and references is also given.

The relationship of interpersonal conflict handling styles and marital conflicts among Iranian divorcing couples.

PubMed

Navidian, Ali; Bahari, Farshad; Kermansaravi, Fatihe

2014-08-15

Various research studies have suggested that among other variables that couples remain married if they successfully manage their interactions (marital communication based on acceptance of individual differences, problem solving skills, forgiveness, collaborative decision making, empathy and active listening) and constructively manage conflict. The study was aimed at examining the relation of conflict handling styles and marital conflicts among divorcing couples. As a descriptive -comparative study 60 couples out of 440 couples referred to the Crisis Intervention Center of the Isfahan Well-being Organization have selected. The tools implemented were Marital Conflicts (Barati & Sanaei, 1996) and Interpersonal Conflict Handling Styles Questionnaires (Thomas-Kilman, 1975). Their total reliabilities were, respectively, 0.74 and 0.87. Findings showed that there are no significant differences among their conflict handling styles and marital conflicts. Also, there was positive correlation between avoidance and competition styles and negative one between compromise, accommodation, and cooperation styles with marital conflicts. That is, these styles reduced couples' conflicts. Finally, wives had tendency to apply accommodation style and husbands tended to use accommodation and cooperation styles to handle their conflicts. It is suggested to be studied couples' views toward their own styles to handle marital conflicts and holding training courses to orient couples with advantages and disadvantages of marital conflict handling styles.

Validation of Lower Tier Exposure Tools Used for REACH: Comparison of Tools Estimates With Available Exposure Measurements.

PubMed

van Tongeren, Martie; Lamb, Judith; Cherrie, John W; MacCalman, Laura; Basinas, Ioannis; Hesse, Susanne

2017-10-01

Tier 1 exposure tools recommended for use under REACH are designed to easily identify situations that may pose a risk to health through conservative exposure predictions. However, no comprehensive evaluation of the performance of the lower tier tools has previously been carried out. The ETEAM project aimed to evaluate several lower tier exposure tools (ECETOC TRA, MEASE, and EMKG-EXPO-TOOL) as well as one higher tier tool (STOFFENMANAGER®). This paper describes the results of the external validation of tool estimates using measurement data. Measurement data were collected from a range of providers, both in Europe and United States, together with contextual information. Individual measurement and aggregated measurement data were obtained. The contextual information was coded into the tools to obtain exposure estimates. Results were expressed as percentage of measurements exceeding the tool estimates and presented by exposure category (non-volatile liquid, volatile liquid, metal abrasion, metal processing, and powder handling). We also explored tool performance for different process activities as well as different scenario conditions and exposure levels. In total, results from nearly 4000 measurements were obtained, with the majority for the use of volatile liquids and powder handling. The comparisons of measurement results with tool estimates suggest that the tools are generally conservative. However, the tools were more conservative when estimating exposure from powder handling compared to volatile liquids and other exposure categories. In addition, results suggested that tool performance varies between process activities and scenario conditions. For example, tools were less conservative when estimating exposure during activities involving tabletting, compression, extrusion, pelletisation, granulation (common process activity PROC14) and transfer of substance or mixture (charging and discharging) at non-dedicated facilities (PROC8a; powder handling only). With the exception of STOFFENMANAGER® (for estimating exposure during powder handling), the tools were less conservative for scenarios with lower estimated exposure levels. This is the most comprehensive evaluation of the performance of REACH exposure tools carried out to date. The results show that, although generally conservative, the tools may not always achieve the performance specified in the REACH guidance, i.e. using the 75th or 90th percentile of the exposure distribution for the risk characterisation. Ongoing development, adjustment, and recalibration of the tools with new measurement data are essential to ensure adequate characterisation and control of worker exposure to hazardous substances. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Occupational Hygiene Society.

Laboratory identification of arthropod ectoparasites.

PubMed

Mathison, Blaine A; Pritt, Bobbi S

2014-01-01

The collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. Included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. The public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. The focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the United States. Other arthropods and other organisms not of public health concern, but routinely submitted to laboratories for identification, are also briefly discussed.

Co-training Framework of Generative and Disciminative Trackers with Partial Occlusion Handling

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

ARO W911NF-06-1-0094. The first author was also supported by the Vietnam Education Foundation. We thank Zdenek Kalal for his help with the P-N Tracker...handling challenging situations with cluttered background. Recently, Kalal et al. [11] proposed the P-N Tracker us- ing positive and negative constraints to...Vietnam Education Foundation. We thank Zdenek Kalal for his help with the P-N Tracker [11]. References [1] A. Adam, E. Rivlin, and I. Shimshoni. Robust

77 FR 70189 - Manufacturer of Controlled Substances; Notice of Registration; Cayman Chemical Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-23

... propylthiophenethylamine (7348). Marihuana (7360) I Tetrahydrocannabinols (7370) I Mescaline (7381) I 3,4,5... manufacture small quantities of marihuana derivatives for research purposes. In reference to drug code 7360 (Marihuana), the company plans to bulk manufacture cannabidiol. In reference to drug code 7370...

Do Handling and Transport Stress Influence Adrenocortical Response in the Tortoises (Testudo hermanni)?

PubMed Central

Medica, Pietro; Ferlazzo, Adriana

2014-01-01

The goal of this study was to analyze circulating cortisol levels from tortoises (Testudo hermanni) to establish reference intervals and to develop guidelines for the interpretation of the effect of handling and transport stress. Blood samples were obtained from the caudal venous from 23 healthy juvenile tortoises (9 males and 14 females), aged 8–20 years, in basal condition, four weeks prior to and four weeks following handling and short transportation. The study was carried out on the experimental group: 10 tortoises, 4 males and 6 females, and on a control group: 13 tortoises, 5 males and 8 females. Compared to basal values, circulating cortisol concentrations was higher after handling and transport (+286%; P < 0.001), with an increase of +246% (P < 0.001) in males, +236% (P < 0.005) in females, +370% (P < 0.005) in subjects aged 8–12 years, and +240% (P < 0.001) in subjects aged 13–20 years. These observations support the hypotheses that cortisol may act to mediate the effects of handling and transport stress in this species and that four weeks following handling and transport were insufficient to restore their homeostasis. PMID:24977048

Dyslexia and Substance Use in a University Undergraduate Population.

PubMed

Wilcockson, Thomas D W; Pothos, Emmanuel M; Fawcett, Angela J

2016-01-02

A number of cognitive deficits are associated with dyslexia. However, only a limited amount of research has been performed exploring a putative link between dyslexia and substance use. As substance use is thought to involve a cognitive component, it is possible that the pattern of substance use would be different for dyslexic participants, when compared to nondyslexic controls. During the current study, a guiding hypothesis was that people with dyslexia would demonstrate less substance use than nondyslexic controls. Theories of memory activation, automaticity, and attentional bias in substance use suggest that cognitive components of substance use are important in the development and maintenance of continued substance use and it is thought that, at least some of these components, would be impaired in a dyslexic population. If the cognitive deficits displayed by dyslexics somehow impair the development of cognitive components of substance use, substance use for dyslexic participants may be less pronounced. This paper therefore examines this hypothesis by comparing substance use within dyslexic and nondyslexic participants, from an undergraduate population. This was an exploratory questionnaire-based study. Dyslexic participants (n = 35) were compared to control participants (n = 62) on a series of questions designed to measure their substance use history. The results provided preliminary evidence of a difference between dyslexic and nondyslexic substance use. Dyslexics reported a substance use history that was significantly lower than nondyslexic controls. These results are interpreted in terms of cognitive deficits within dyslexia and with reference to the cognitive model of substance use.

Cephalopod biology and care, a COST FA1301 (CephsInAction) training school: anaesthesia and scientific procedures.

PubMed

Lopes, Vanessa M; Sampaio, Eduardo; Roumbedakis, Katina; Tanaka, Nobuaki K; Carulla, Lucía; Gambús, Guillermo; Woo, Theodosia; Martins, Catarina P P; Penicaud, Virginie; Gibbings, Colette; Eberle, Jessica; Tedesco, Perla; Fernández, Isabel; Rodríguez-González, Tania; Imperadore, Pamela; Ponte, Giovanna; Fiorito, Graziano

2017-09-01

Cephalopods are the sole invertebrates included in the list of regulated species following the Directive 2010/63/EU. According to the Directive, achieving competence through adequate training is a requisite for people having a role in the different functions (article 23) as such carrying out procedures on animals, designing procedures and projects, taking care of animals, killing animals. Cephalopod Biology and Care Training Program is specifically designed to comply with the requirements of the "working document on the development of a common education and training framework to fulfil the requirements under the Directive 2010/63/EU". The training event occurred at the ICM-CSIC in Barcelona (Spain) where people coming from Europe, America and Asia were instructed on how to cope with regulations for the use of cephalopod molluscs for scientific purposes. The training encompasses discussion on the guidelines for the use and care of animals and their welfare with particular reference to procedures that may be of interest for neuroscience. Intensive discussion has been carried out during the training sessions with focus on behavioural studies and paradigms, welfare assessment, levels of severity of scientific procedures, animal care, handling, transport, individual identification and marking, substance administration, anaesthesia, analgesia and humane killing.

Radioactivity and food (in Spanish)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Olszyna-Marzys, A.E.

1990-03-01

Two topics relating to radioactivity and food are discussed: food irradiation for preservation purposes, and food contamination from radioactive substances. Food irradiation involves the use of electromagnetic energy (x and gamma rays) emitted by radioactive substances or produced by machine in order to destroy the insects and microorganisms present and prevent germination. The sanitary and economic advantages of treating food in this way are discussed. Numerous studies have confirmed that under strictly controlled conditions no undesirable changes take place in food that has been irradiated nor is radioactivity induced. Reference is made to the accident at the Chernobyl nuclear powermore » station, which aroused public concern about irradiated food. The events surrounding the accident are reviewed, and its consequences with regard to contamination of different foods with radioactive substances, particularly iodine-131 and cesium-137, are described. Also discussed are the steps that have been taken by different international organizations to set limits on acceptable radioactivity in food.15 references.« less

16 CFR 1608.6 - Reference to guaranty by Government prohibited.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... guaranty by Government prohibited. No representation nor suggestion shall be made in advertising or otherwise marketing or handling products, fabrics or related materials subject to the act that the act, the...

46 CFR 151.03-19 - Environment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-19 Environment. This term refers to the atmosphere within a cargo tank and the spaces adjacent to the tank or spaces in which cargo is handled. ...

46 CFR 151.03-19 - Environment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-19 Environment. This term refers to the atmosphere within a cargo tank and the spaces adjacent to the tank or spaces in which cargo is handled. ...

46 CFR 151.03-19 - Environment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-19 Environment. This term refers to the atmosphere within a cargo tank and the spaces adjacent to the tank or spaces in which cargo is handled. ...

46 CFR 151.03-19 - Environment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... LIQUID HAZARDOUS MATERIAL CARGOES Definitions § 151.03-19 Environment. This term refers to the atmosphere within a cargo tank and the spaces adjacent to the tank or spaces in which cargo is handled. ...

Playing Video Games While Using or Feeling the Effects of Substances: Associations with Substance Use Problems

PubMed Central

Ream, Geoffrey L.; Elliott, Luther C.; Dunlap, Eloise

2011-01-01

This study tested the hypothesis that playing video games while using or feeling the effects of a substance—referred to herein as “concurrent use”—is related to substance use problems after controlling for substance use frequency, video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby, and demographic factors. Data were drawn from a nationally representative online survey of adult video gamers conducted by Knowledge Networks, valid n = 2,885. Problem video game playing behavior was operationalized using Tejeiro Salguero and Bersabé Morán’s 2002 problem video game play (PVP) measure, and measures for substance use problems were taken from the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). Separate structural equation modeling analyses were conducted for users of caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, and marijuana. In all four models, concurrent use was directly associated with substance use problems, but not with PVP. Video gaming as an enthusiastic hobby was associated with substance use problems via two indirect paths: through PVP for all substances, and through concurrent use for caffeine, tobacco, and alcohol only. Results illustrate the potential for “drug interaction” between self-reinforcing behaviors and addictive substances, with implications for the development of problem use. PMID:22073023

The association between school bullying victimization and substance use among adolescents in Malawi: the mediating effect of loneliness.

PubMed

Kim, Youn Kyoung; Okumu, Moses; Small, Eusebius; Nikolova, Silviya Pavlova; Mengo, Cecilia

2018-06-12

Background and objectives Research has shown an increased prevalence of substance use among adolescents in countries in Sub-Saharan Africa. Peer affiliation, bullying, and psychological stress are significantly associated with substance use. This study empirically tested theoretical frameworks linking peer affiliation, bullying victimization, loneliness and substance use (specifically tobacco or alcohol use) among adolescents. Materials and methods Data were obtained from the 2009 Malawi Global School-based Health Survey (GSHS) with a representative sample of 2359 students aged 13-17 years in Malawi, Sub-Saharan Africa. Missing data were handled using multiple imputation. The study conducted path analyses using Mplus to test the conceptual models of tobacco use and alcohol use. Results The results showed that loneliness partially mediated the association between bullying victimization and tobacco use in the first model, as well as the relationship between bullying victimization and alcohol use in the second model. Results indicated statistically significant indirect paths from bullying victimization to tobacco use and alcohol use through the mediation of loneliness. However, peer affiliation did not directly predict bullying victimization in the two path models; it directly predicted tobacco use only. Conclusions These findings have important implications in early intervention for health practitioners in school and mental health settings to prevent feelings of loneliness and substance use among adolescents who have experience with bullying victimization but no experience with depression, alcohol use or tobacco use.

Family and Individual Factors Associated with Substance Involvement and PTS Symptoms among Adolescents in Greater New Orleans after Hurricane Katrina

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rowe, Cynthia L.; La Greca, Annette M.; Alexandersson, Anders

2010-01-01

Objective: This study examined the influence of hurricane impact as well as family and individual risk factors on posttraumatic stress (PTS) symptoms and substance involvement among clinically referred adolescents affected by Hurricane Katrina. Method: A total of 80 adolescents (87% male; 13-17 years old; mean age = 15.6 years; 38% minorities) and…

Risk for the new or expectant mother working in the perioperative environment.

PubMed

Gilmour, D

2000-06-01

Being pregnant is not an illness, and in the National Health Service, where the majority of the workforce are female, pregnancy should be regarded as part of everyday life. Yet the workplace can damage your health, and that of an unborn child, through hazardous substances such as chemicals, radiation, and anaesthetic gases; through work which involves moving and handling of loads; through stress, excessive hours or shift work; and for perioperative practitioners, through standing for long periods of time (Rogers et al 1999).

The Development of an Experimental Structured Interview Protocol for Armed Forces Health Professions Scholarship Program Selection

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

applicants who have been admitted to civilian medical schools or schools of osteopathy in return for a 3- to 4-year service obligation. Although physicians...followers Physical fitness/Life style Involvement in physical activities, absence of substance abuse Adaptability/Maturity Ability to handle stress and...improve? How do you generally react to stress ? Give an example. B-2 Describe one area in which you fell short of your expected goal, and why? Describe some

Degrading and non-degrading sex in popular music: a content analysis.

PubMed

Primack, Brian A; Gold, Melanie A; Schwarz, Eleanor B; Dalton, Madeline A

2008-01-01

Those exposed to more degrading sexual references in popular music are more likely to initiate intercourse at a younger age. The purpose of this study was to perform a content analysis of contemporary popular music with particular attention paid to the prevalence of degrading and non-degrading sexual references. We also aimed to determine if sexual references of each subtype were associated with other song characteristics and/or content. We used Billboard magazine to identify the top popular songs in 2005. Two independent coders each analyzed all of these songs (n = 279) for degrading and non-degrading sexual references. As measured with Cohen's kappa scores, inter-rater agreement on degrading vs. non-degrading sex was substantial. Mentions of substance use, violence, and weapon carrying were also coded. Of the 279 songs identified, 103 (36.9%) contained references to sexual activity. Songs with references to degrading sex were more common than songs with references to non-degrading sex (67 [65.0%] vs. 36 [35.0%], p < 0.001). Songs with degrading sex were most commonly Rap (64.2%), whereas songs with non-degrading sex were most likely Country (44.5%) or Rhythm & Blues/Hip-Hop (27.8%). Compared with songs that had no mention of sexual activity, songs with degrading sex were more likely to contain references to substance use, violence, and weapon carrying. Songs with non-degrading sex were no more likely to mention these other risk behaviors. References to sexual activity are common in popular music, and degrading sexual references are more prevalent than non-degrading references. References to degrading sex also frequently appear with references to other risky behaviors.

Review of environmental effects and treatment of runoff from storage and handling of wood.

PubMed

Hedmark, Asa; Scholz, Miklas

2008-09-01

This review paper summarises the environmental effects of runoff from wood handling sites including log yards. The characteristics of site runoff and the corresponding effects on the receiving watercourses are presented for worldwide case studies, highlighting the urgent need to address the water pollution problem associated with the wood industry. The methods used to reduce the negative environmental impact of the runoff, such as constructed wetlands, soil infiltration and chemical oxidation, are evaluated. The principal environmental problem of runoff is usually the high concentration of organic substances originating from the wood and bark, some of which are toxic to aquatic life. Phosphorus is also a problem according to some studies. The toxicity of the runoff varies greatly, and depends on the species of tree stored, the amount of water the wood has been in contact with and the degree of runoff treatment.

Metal and transuranic records in mussel shells, byssal threads and tissues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koide, Minoru; Lee, Dong Soo; Goldberg, Edward D.

1982-12-01

Bivalve shells offer several advantages over tissues for the monitoring of heavy metal pollutants in the marine environment. They are easier to handle and to store. The problem of whether to depurate the animals before analyses is avoided. The shells appear to be more sensitive to environmental heavy metals levels over the long term than do the soft parts. Of the substances examined (Cd, Cu, Zn, Pb, Ag, Ni, 238Pu and 239 + 240Pu) only Pb and Pu displayed a strong covariance between soft tissue and shell concentrations. There were strong correlations between metals in the shell but not in the soft tissues in general. The byssal threads, because of their enrichment of transuranic elements and of their ease in handling, may be useful in monitoring these metals. A very weak discharge of 238Pu to marine waters adjacent to a nuclear reactor was detected in the byssal threads of mussels.

Selection of reference genes for microRNA analysis associated to early stress response to handling and confinement in Salmo salar.

PubMed

Zavala, Eduardo; Reyes, Daniela; Deerenberg, Robert; Vidal, Rodrigo

2017-05-11

MicroRNAs are key non-coding RNA molecules that play a relevant role in the regulation of gene expression through translational repression and/or transcript cleavage during normal development and physiological adaptation processes like stress. Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has become the approach normally used to determine the levels of microRNAs. However, this approach needs the use of endogenous reference. An improper selection of endogenous references can result in confusing interpretation of data. The aim of this study was to identify and validate appropriate endogenous reference miRNA genes for normalizing RT-qPCR survey of miRNAs expression in four different tissues of Atlantic salmon, under handling and confinement stress conditions associated to early or primary stress response. Nine candidate reference normalizers, including microRNAs and nuclear genes, normally used in vertebrate microRNA expression studies were selected from literature, validated by RT-qPCR and analyzed by the algorithms geNorm and NormFinder. The results revealed that the ssa-miR-99-5p gene was the most stable overall and that ssa-miR-99-5p and ssa-miR-23a-5p genes were the best combination. Moreover, the suitability of ssa-miR-99-5p and ssa-miR-23a-5p as endogeneuos reference genes was demostrated by the expression analysis of ssa-miR-193-5p gene.

Ethical Issues in mHealth Research Involving Persons Living with HIV/AIDS and Substance Abuse

PubMed Central

Labrique, Alain B.; Kirk, Gregory D.; Westergaard, Ryan P.; Merritt, Maria W.

2013-01-01

We aim to raise awareness and stimulate dialogue among investigators and research ethics committees regarding ethical issues that arise specifically in the design and conduct of mHealth research involving persons living with HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. Following a brief background discussion of mHealth research in general, we offer a case example to illustrate the characteristics of mHealth research involving people living with HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. With reference to a well-established systematic general ethical framework for biomedical research with human participants, we identify a range of ethical issues that have particular salience for the protection of participants in mHealth research on HIV/AIDS and substance abuse. PMID:24171110

Antibacterial Surgical Silk Sutures Using a High-Performance Slow-Release Carrier Coating System.

PubMed

Chen, Xiaojie; Hou, Dandan; Wang, Lu; Zhang, Qian; Zou, Jiahan; Sun, Gang

2015-10-14

Sutures are a vital part for surgical operation, and suture-associated surgical site infections are an important issue of postoperative care. Antibacterial sutures have been proved to reduce challenging complications caused by bacterial infections. In recent decades, triclosan-free sutures have been on their way to commercialization. Alternative antibacterial substances are becoming relevant to processing surgical suture materials. Most of the antibacterial substances are loaded directly on sutures by dipping or coating methods. The aim of this study was to optimize novel antibacterial braided silk sutures based on levofloxacin hydrochloride and poly(ε-caprolactone) by two different processing sequences, to achieve suture materials with slow-release antibacterial efficacy and ideal physical and handling properties. Silk strands were processed into sutures on a circular braiding machine, and antibacterial treatment was introduced alternatively before or after braiding by two-dipping-two-rolling method (M1 group and M2 group). The antibacterial activity and durability against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli were tested. Drug release profiles were measured in phosphate buffer with different pH values, and release kinetics model was built to analyze the sustained drug release mechanism between the interface of biomaterials and the in vitro aqueous environment. Knot-pull tensile strength, thread-to-thread friction, and bending stiffness were determined to evaluate physical and handling properties of sutures. All coated sutures showed continuous antibacterial efficacy and slow drug release features for more than 5 days. Besides, treated sutures fulfilled U.S. Pharmacopoeia required knot-pull tensile strength. The thread-to-thread friction and bending stiffness for the M1 group changed slightly when compared with those of uncoated ones. However, physical and handling characteristics of the M2 group tend to approach those of monofilament ones. The novel suture showed acceptable in vitro cytotoxicity according to ISO 10993-5. Generally speaking, all coated sutures show potential in acting as antibacterial suture materials, and M1 group is proved to have a higher prospect for clinical applications.

Precautions for Workers 1

PubMed Central

Guest, G. H.

1948-01-01

Radioactive isotopes are now available from Chalk River for use by Canadian biologists. Experience has shown that the handling of radioactive isotopes may involve health hazards unless adequate precautions are taken. The nature of these hazards and the type of precautions which must be taken when working with radioactive isotopes are considered. Successful work with radioactive isotopes other than in the smallest tracer amounts requires the use of laboratories and equipment especially designed for the purpose and this is dealt with briefly. The operation of a radioactive laboratory requires certain auxiliary equipment and services, such as health instruments, film monitoring, special laboratory clothing, special cleanable surfaces and disposal of radioactive waste materials. These topics are discussed briefly. Handling of radioactive isotopes involves certain special precautions and a few of these, such as protection of hands, cleaning of glassware, handling of solutions, etc. are reviewed. In addition to protecting all personnel in a laboratory from harmful amounts of radiation, it is necessary to keep the laboratory and the building in which it is housed as free as possible from radioactive substances and this important fact has been stressed. ImagesFig. 1.Fig. 4.Fig. 6. PMID:17648375

State observer-based sliding mode control for semi-active hydro-pneumatic suspension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Hongbin; Chen, Sizhong; Zhao, Yuzhuang; Liu, Gang; Yang, Lin

2016-02-01

This paper proposes an improved virtual reference model for semi-active suspension to coordinate the vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. The reference model combines the virtues of sky-hook with ground-hook control logic, and the hybrid coefficient is tuned according to the longitudinal and lateral acceleration so as to improve the vehicle stability especially in high-speed condition. Suspension state observer based on unscented Kalman filter is designed. A sliding mode controller (SMC) is developed to track the states of the reference model. The stability of the SMC strategy is proven by means of Lyapunov function taking into account the nonlinear damper characteristics and sprung mass variation of the vehicle. Finally, the performance of the controller is demonstrated under three typical working conditions: the random road excitation, speed bump road and sharp acceleration and braking. The simulation results indicated that, compared with the traditional passive suspension, the proposed control algorithm can offer a better coordination between vehicle ride comfort and handling stability. This approach provides a viable alternative to costlier active suspension control systems for commercial vehicles.

Endocrine and metabolic dysfunction in yellow perch, Perca flavescens, exposed to organic contaminants and heavy metals in the St. Lawrence River

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hontela, A.; Duclos, D.; Fortin, R.

1995-04-01

The endocrine and biochemical responses to the acute stress of capture and handling were investigated in sexually mature and in immature male and female yellow perch, Perca flavescens, from a site contaminated by organic contaminants (PAHs and PCBs) and heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, and Zn) and from a reference site in the St. Lawrence River. Following a standardized capture and handling stress, fish from the contaminated site did not exhibit the expected physiological stress response observed in fish from the reference site. Blood cortisol and thyroxine levels were lower, and liver glycogen stores were greater in mature males andmore » females, as well as in the immature fish from the contaminated site, compared to the reference site. Fish from the contaminated site also had smaller gonads and lower condition factor. The impaired ability to elevate blood cortisol in response to an acute stress may be used as a biomarker of toxic stress in health assessment of feral fish from polluted environments.« less

78 FR 38755 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-27

... Proposed Rule Change To Eliminate an Erroneous Reference to the Retired Automatic Quotation Refresh...'s Statement of the Terms of Substance of the Proposed Rule Change The Exchange proposes to eliminate...,'' which references the AQR functionality that was retired. Accordingly, NASDAQ is proposing to eliminate...

Genetics Home Reference: catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia

MedlinePlus

... rate increases in response to physical activity or emotional stress, it can trigger an abnormally fast and irregular ... handling of calcium within myocytes. During exercise or emotional stress, impaired calcium regulation in the heart can lead ...

Information Handling in Selected Academic Libraries of the Caribbean.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez, Ketty

1988-01-01

Describes a survey that examined the extent of library technical processes automation within academic libraries at 10 Caribbean universities. Existing conditions, steps in progress, and plans for future automation are discussed. (8 references) (CLB)

Risk management technique for liquefied natural gas facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fedor, O. H.; Parsons, W. N.

1975-01-01

Checklists have been compiled for planning, design, construction, startup and debugging, and operation of liquefied natural gas facilities. Lists include references to pertinent safety regulations. Methods described are applicable to handling of other hazardous materials.

Managing Time and Tasks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Handy, Alice Evans; Yucht, Alice H.

1993-01-01

Includes two articles that discuss time management and mail management strategies for librarians. Highlights include identifying personal work styles; planning and prioritizing; using calendars and computers; reexamining traffic patterns; delegating; and sorting and handling mail. (Contains eight references.) (LRW)

Characterization of the International Humic Substances Society standard and reference fulvic and humic acids by solution state carbon-13 (13C) and hydrogen-1 (1H) nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thorn, Kevin A.; Folan, Daniel W.; MacCarthy, Patrick

1989-01-01

Standard and reference samples of the International Humic Substances Society have been characterized by solution state carbon-13 and hydrogen-1 nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectrometry. Samples included the Suwannee River, soil, and peat standard fulvic and humic acids, the Leonardite standard humic acid, the Nordic aquatic reference fulvic and humic acids, and the Summit Hill soil reference humic acid. Aqueous-solution carbon-13 NMR analyses included the measurement of spin-lattice relaxation times, measurement of nuclear Overhauser enhancement factors, measurement of quantitative carbon distributions, recording of attached proton test spectra, and recording of spectra under nonquantitative conditions. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer carbon-13 NMR spectra also were recorded on the Suwannee River fulvic acid in deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide. Hydrogen-1 NMR spectra were recorded on sodium salts of the samples in deuterium oxide. The carbon aromaticities of the samples ranged from 0.24 for the Suwannee River fulvic acid to 0.58 for the Leonardite humic acid.

Examination of Life Satisfaction, Child Maltreatment Potential and Substance Use in Mothers Referred for Treatment by Child Protective Services for Child Neglect and Substance Abuse: Implications for Intervention Planning

PubMed Central

Plant, Christopher P.; Donohue, Brad; Holland, Jason M.

2015-01-01

There is evidence to suggest mothers who are served by child protective service agencies are relatively dissatisfied in their lives, leading some investigators to conclude life dissatisfaction may be associated with child maltreatment. To assist in better understanding this relationship the Life Satisfaction Scale for Caregivers (LSSC) was psychometrically developed in a sample of 72 mothers who were referred for behavioral treatment for child neglect and substance abuse by caseworkers from a local child protective service agency. The LSSC was developed to assess mothers’ happiness in nine domains (family, friendships, employment/work, spirituality/religion, safety, sex life/dating, ability to avoid drugs, ability to avoid alcohol, control over one’s own life). Results indicated two factors that appeared to be relevant to Social Satisfaction and Safety and Control Satisfaction. Higher satisfaction scores on both of these scales were negatively associated with child maltreatment potential and substance use at baseline (i.e., positive urinalysis test). Mothers who exposed their children to substances in utero or in infancy (a distinct type of child neglect) were found to report higher satisfaction scores on the LSSC than other types of child neglect. Hispanic-American, African-American, and Caucasian women reported similar levels of life satisfaction. Application of the LSSC as a non-stigmatizing, wellness-focused instrument is discussed within the context of intervention planning. PMID:27617042

Direct handling of equality constraints in multilevel optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Renaud, John E.; Gabriele, Gary A.

1990-01-01

In recent years there have been several hierarchic multilevel optimization algorithms proposed and implemented in design studies. Equality constraints are often imposed between levels in these multilevel optimizations to maintain system and subsystem variable continuity. Equality constraints of this nature will be referred to as coupling equality constraints. In many implementation studies these coupling equality constraints have been handled indirectly. This indirect handling has been accomplished using the coupling equality constraints' explicit functional relations to eliminate design variables (generally at the subsystem level), with the resulting optimization taking place in a reduced design space. In one multilevel optimization study where the coupling equality constraints were handled directly, the researchers encountered numerical difficulties which prevented their multilevel optimization from reaching the same minimum found in conventional single level solutions. The researchers did not explain the exact nature of the numerical difficulties other than to associate them with the direct handling of the coupling equality constraints. The coupling equality constraints are handled directly, by employing the Generalized Reduced Gradient (GRG) method as the optimizer within a multilevel linear decomposition scheme based on the Sobieski hierarchic algorithm. Two engineering design examples are solved using this approach. The results show that the direct handling of coupling equality constraints in a multilevel optimization does not introduce any problems when the GRG method is employed as the internal optimizer. The optimums achieved are comparable to those achieved in single level solutions and in multilevel studies where the equality constraints have been handled indirectly.

Energy-1 ('NRG-1'): don't believe what the newspapers say about it being legal.

PubMed

Wood, David M; Davies, Susannah; Cummins, Aaron; Button, Jennifer; Holt, David W; Ramsey, John; Dargan, Paul I

2011-12-01

A 31-year-old man purchased the legal high Energy-1 (NRG-1) over the internet; this was advertised as containing the compound naphthylpyrovalerone (NPV), which at the time was currently legally available in the UK. He ingested 1 g of this substance and developed a prolonged high associated with palpitations, sweating and insomnia. Analysis of both the powder and serum samples from the patient demonstrated that he ingested two classified recreational drugs β-keto-N-methylbenzodioxolylpropylamine (butylone) and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) rather than the legal substance NPV. Users of legal highs need to be aware that legal highs purchased over the internet may contain illegal substances and therefore they may be liable for prosecution if found in possession of these substances. Future educational campaigns aimed at recreational drug and legal high users should include reference to the potential legal implications of buying these substances.

Energy-1 ('NRG-1'): don't believe what the newspapers say about it being legal.

PubMed

Wood, David M; Davies, Susannah; Cummins, Aaron; Button, Jennifer; Holt, David W; Ramsey, John; Dargan, Paul I

2011-02-02

A 31-year-old man purchased the legal high Energy-1 (NRG-1) over the internet; this was advertised as containing the compound naphthylpyrovalerone (NPV), which at the time was currently legally available in the UK. He ingested 1 g of this substance and developed a prolonged high associated with palpitations, sweating and insomnia. Analysis of both the powder and serum samples from the patient demonstrated that he ingested two classified recreational drugs β-keto-N-methylbenzodioxolylpropylamine (butylone) and methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV) rather than the legal substance NPV. Users of legal highs need to be aware that legal highs purchased over the internet may contain illegal substances and therefore they may be liable for prosecution if found in possession of these substances. Future educational campaigns aimed at recreational drug and legal high users should include reference to the potential legal implications of buying these substances.

The use of psychotropic substances among students: The prevalence, factor association, and abuse

PubMed Central

Mamat, Che Fadhilah bt; Jamshed, Shazia Qasim; El Syed, Tarek; Khan, Tahir Mehmood; Othman, Noordin; Al-Shami, Abdul Kareem; Zaini, Syahrir Bin; Siddiqui, Mohammad Jamshed

2015-01-01

This detailed review analyzed the previously published studies related to the prevalence of psychotropic substances use, associated factors, and the misuse of the psychotropics among students. A comprehensive literature search covering six databases was performed. References from published articles and reports were extracted. This helped in identifying the available information on the use of psychotropic drugs. A total of 16 articles were included in this review. There is an upsurge of using psychotropics with the preceding years. More students are exposed to the risk of using psychotropic substances due to the multiple factors like stress, increased academic workload, etc. The misuse is found to be common with prescribed psychotropic substances. Students need to be aware of the bad outcomes of using psychotropic substances. Participation of every stakeholder to curb this menace needs to be emphasized. More extensive studies are required to know about the increasing prevalence, factors, and misuse of psychotropics. PMID:26229351

Screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment for opioid and other substance use during infertility treatment.

PubMed

Wright, Tricia E

2017-08-01

Opioid use and misuse have reached epidemic proportions in the United States, especially in women of childbearing age, some of whom seek infertility treatments. Substance use is much more common than many of the conditions routinely screened for during the preconception period, and it can have devastating consequences for the woman and her family. Substance use can worsen infertility, complicate pregnancy, increase medical problems, and lead to psychosocial difficulties for the woman and her family. The reproductive endocrinologist thus has an ethical and medical duty to screen for substance use, provide initial counseling, and refer to specialized treatment as needed. This article provides an overview of screening, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT), a public health approach shown to be effective in ameliorating the harms of substance use. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

How Perceptions of Mortality and HIV Morbidity Relate to Substance Abuse Problems and Risky Sexual Behaviors among Former Juvenile Offenders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gromet, Dena M.; Ramchand, Rajeev; Griffin, Beth Ann; Morral, Andrew R.

2010-01-01

This study investigates whether high-risk young adults' perceptions of their likelihood of living to age 35 and of acquiring HIV are related to their substance abuse problems and risky sexual behaviors. The sample consists of data from the 72- and 87-month follow-up assessments of 449 juvenile offenders referred to probation in 1999 and 2000.…

The Relationship of Interpersonal Conflict Handling Styles and Marital Conflicts Among Iranian Divorcing Couples

PubMed Central

Navidian, Ali; Bahari, Farshad; Kermansaravi, Fatihe

2014-01-01

Background: Various research studies have suggested that among other variables that couples remain married if they successfully manage their interactions (marital communication based on acceptance of individual differences, problem solving skills, forgiveness, collaborative decision making, empathy and active listening) and constructively manage conflict. Purpose: The study was aimed at examining the relation of conflict handling styles and marital conflicts among divorcing couples. Methods: As a descriptive–comparative study 60 couples out of 440 couples referred to the Crisis Intervention Center of the Isfahan Well-being Organization have selected. The tools implemented were Marital Conflicts (Barati & Sanaei, 1996) and Interpersonal Conflict Handling Styles Questionnaires (Thomas-Kilman, 1975). Their total reliabilities were, respectively, 0.74 and 0.87. Results: Findings showed that there are no significant differences among their conflict handling styles and marital conflicts. Also, there was positive correlation between avoidance and competition styles and negative one between compromise, accommodation, and cooperation styles with marital conflicts. That is, these styles reduced couples’ conflicts. Finally, wives had tendency to apply accommodation style and husbands tended to use accommodation and cooperation styles to handle their conflicts. Conclusions: It is suggested to be studied couples’ views toward their own styles to handle marital conflicts and holding training courses to orient couples with advantages and disadvantages of marital conflict handling styles. PMID:25363128

Bootstrapping a Multilingual Part-of-speech Tagger in One Person-day

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-01-01

dictionary , (2) a basic library reference grammar, and (3) access to an existing monolingual text corpus in the language. The al- gorithm begins by...inducing initial lexical POS dis- tributions from English translations in a bilingual dictionary without POS tags. It handles irregular, regular and semi...many booksellers and websites offer a foundation of linguistic wisdom in reference grammars and dictionaries . Thus starting from this baseline, what

Corporate influence on threshold limit values.

PubMed

Castleman, B I; Ziem, G E

1988-01-01

Investigations into the historical development of specific Threshold Limit Values (TLVs) for many substances have revealed serious shortcomings in the process followed by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists. Unpublished corporate communications were important in developing TLVs for 104 substances; for 15 of these, the TLV documentation was based solely on such information. Efforts to obtain written copies of this unpublished material were mostly unsuccessful. Case studies on the TLV Committee's handling of lead and seven carcinogens illustrate various aspects of corporate influence and interaction with the committee. Corporate representatives listed officially as "consultants" since 1970 were given primary responsibility for developing TLVs on proprietary chemicals of the companies that employed them (Dow, DuPont). It is concluded that an ongoing international effort is needed to develop scientifically based guidelines to replace the TLVs in a climate of openness and without manipulation by vested interests.

Classification & Labelling Inventory: role of ECHA and notification requirements.

PubMed

Schöning, Gabriele

2011-01-01

The CLP Regulation introduces the criteria of the UN Globally Harmonised System of Classification and Labelling (UN GHS) in the EU. The European Chemicals Agency (ECHA) manages the CLP related tasks - such as harmonised classification and labelling, handling requests for alternative names and maintaining the Classification & Labelling Inventory (C&L) - to ensure consistent implementation in the EU. The obligations for industry depend on their role in the supply chain. Manufacturers and importers have to notify to ECHA the identity and classification and labelling of substances within one month of placing them on the market either on their own or in a mixture, and regardless of the quantitity. As of 3 January 2011 ECHA has received some 3.1 million notifications of over 107 000 substances. This information is stored in the C&L Inventory and accessible to Member State Competent Authorities. The non-confidential information will be made publicly available on ECHA's website in 2011.

Liquid and gaseous oxygen safety review, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lapin, A.

1972-01-01

Guidelines, codes, regulations and special procedures used in the design, installation, fabrication, testing and operations for protection against hazards involved with production, transportation, storage and system handling of oxygen are presented with a list of related references.

Operating guidelines for TxDOT ramp control signals.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-01-01

The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) currently maintains a Traffic Signals Manual. : Originally published in 1999, this manual provides a guide and reference for handling requests : for traffic signals on the designated State Highway System...

Laboratory Identification of Arthropod Ectoparasites

PubMed Central

Pritt, Bobbi S.

2014-01-01

SUMMARY The collection, handling, identification, and reporting of ectoparasitic arthropods in clinical and reference diagnostic laboratories are discussed in this review. Included are data on ticks, mites, lice, fleas, myiasis-causing flies, and bed bugs. The public health importance of these organisms is briefly discussed. The focus is on the morphological identification and proper handling and reporting of cases involving arthropod ectoparasites, particularly those encountered in the United States. Other arthropods and other organisms not of public health concern, but routinely submitted to laboratories for identification, are also briefly discussed. PMID:24396136

A Survey of Rabbit Handling Methods Within the United Kingdom and the Republic of Ireland.

PubMed

Oxley, James Andrew; Ellis, Clare Frances; McBride, E Anne; McCormick, Wanda Denise

2018-04-25

Rabbits are commonly kept in a variety of settings, including homes, laboratories, and veterinary clinics. Despite the popularity of keeping this prey species, little research has investigated current methods of handling. The aim of this study was to examine the experience of caregivers (owners and keepers) in using five handling methods commonly referred to in books written for companion animal (pet) owners and veterinary and/or laboratory personnel. An online survey was completed by 2644 respondents, representing all three of these groups, and breeders. Data were acquired to determine sources that participants used to gain knowledge of different handling methods, the methods they used and for what purposes they used them, and their perceptions of any associated difficulties or welfare concerns. Results indicated that participants most frequently used the method of supporting a rabbit's body against a person's chest, which was considered the easiest and most welfare-friendly method of the handling methods explored. "Scruffing with rear support" was the least used method and was considered to be distressing and painful for the rabbit. As rabbits are a terrestrial prey species, being picked up is likely an innately stressful experience. Additional research is encouraged to explore the experience of rabbits during handling to identify methods that can be easily used with the fewest welfare compromises.

Shoulder torques resulting from luggage handling tasks in non-inertial frames.

PubMed

Shippen, James; May, Barbara

2018-05-18

This paper reports on the torques developed in the shoulder joint experienced by occupants of moving vehicles during manual handling tasks. Handling heavy weights can cause musculoskeletal injuries, especially if handling is done with arms extended or at high levels. The aim of the study was to measure the longitudinal and lateral accelerations in a variety of passenger vehicles together with the postures of subjects lifting luggage onto storage shelves. This data enabled the application of inverse dynamics methods in a non-inertial reference frame to calculate the shoulder joint torques. The subjects lifted 3 pieces of luggage of masses of 5 kg, 10 kg and 14 kg onto shelving which were at heights of 1.2 m, 1.6 m and 1.8 m. The movement of subjects was measured using a 12 camera, 3-dimensional optical tracking system. The subjects stood on force plates to measure the ground reaction forces. Sixty-three trials were completed, although 9 trials were aborted because subjects felt unable to complete the task. It was found that the shoulder torques exceeded the levels recommend by the UK Health and Safety Executive for manual handling. A lift assistance device is suggested to reduce the shoulder torques required for luggage handling.

77 FR 59287 - National Organic Program (NOP); Sunset Review (2012) for Nutrient Vitamins and Minerals

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-27

... Value (DRV). FDA stated that substances such as omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, inositol, choline....\\3\\ The reference to 21 CFR 104.20 refers to the fortification policy for food under the FDA's... those nutrients. \\3\\ FDA Response to NOP--Questions and Answers Regarding Nutrient Fortification of...

78 FR 13243 - Updates to Standards Incorporated by Reference; Reapproved ASTM Standards; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-27

... Characteristics of Plastic Film 2009)[egr]1. and Sheeting. Standard Specification for F682-82a F682-82a 46 56.01-2... (Reapproved Standard Test Method for Determining Gas 2009)[egr]1. Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Film..., Fire prevention, Hazardous substances, Incorporation by reference, Oil pollution, Reporting and...

Innovative biocatalytic production of soil substrate from green waste compost as a sustainable peat substitute.

PubMed

Kazamias, Georgios; Roulia, Maria; Kapsimali, Ioanna; Chassapis, Konstantinos

2017-12-01

In the present work, a new simple and quick eco-friendly method is discussed to handle effectively the green wastes and produce a sustainable peat substitute of high quality on the large scale. Principal physicochemical parameters, i.e., temperature, moisture, specific weight, pH, electrical conductivity and, also, microorganisms, organic matter, humic substances, total Kjeldahl nitrogen and total organic carbon, C/N ratio, ash, metal content and phytotoxicity, were monitored systematically. Humic substances content values were interrelated to both C/N ratio and pH values and, similarly, bulk density, TOC, TKN, C/N, GI, ash and organic matter were found interconnected to each other. A novel biocatalyst, extremely rich in soil microorganisms, prepared from compost extracts and peaty lignite, accelerated the biotransformation. Zeolite was also employed. The compost does not demonstrate any phytotoxicity throughout the entire biotransformation process and has increased humic substances content. Both humic substances content and germination index can be employed as maturation indices of the compost. Addition of compost, processed for 60 days only, in cultivations of grass plants led to a significant increase in the stem mass and root size, annotating the significant contribution of the compost to both growth and germination. The product obtained is comparable to peat humus, useful as peat substitute and can be classified as a first class soil conditioner suitable for organic farming. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Inkjet printing of drug substances and use of porous substrates-towards individualized dosing.

PubMed

Sandler, Niklas; Määttänen, Anni; Ihalainen, Petri; Kronberg, Leif; Meierjohann, Axel; Viitala, Tapani; Peltonen, Jouko

2011-08-01

Medicines are most often oral solid dosage forms made into tablets or capsules, and there is little room for individualized doses. The drug substance and additives are processed through multiple production phases, including complex powder handling steps. In drug manufacturing, the control of the solid-state properties of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) is essential and it offers opportunities for enhancement of drug delivery systems. In this context, inkjet printing technologies have emerged over the last decades in pharmaceutical and biological applications and offer solutions for controlling material and product characteristics with high precision. Here we report the concept of conventional inkjet printing technology to produce printable pharmaceutical dosage forms on porous substrates. Data are shown to demonstrate inkjet printing of APIs into paper substrates, and how the model drug substances (paracetamol, theophylline, and caffeine) are penetrating the porous substrates used. The method enables controlling not only the deposition but also the crystallization of the drug substances. We anticipate that the inkjet printing approach has immense potential in making sophisticated drug delivery systems by use of porous substrates in the future. For example, it may offer new perspectives for solving problems around poorly soluble drugs and dosing low-dose medicines accurately. Furthermore, with the advent of genetic mapping of humans, controlled inkjet dosing can bring solutions to fabricate on-demand individualized medicines for patients. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Surveillance of Washington OSHA exposure data to identify uncharacterized or emerging occupational health hazards.

PubMed

Lofgren, Don J; Reeb-Whitaker, Carolyn K; Adams, Darrin

2010-07-01

Chemical substance exposure data from the Washington State Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) program were reviewed to determine if inspections conducted as a result of a report of a hazard from a complainant or referent may alert the agency to uncharacterized or emerging health hazards. Exposure and other electronically stored data from 6890 health inspection reports conducted between April 2003 and August 2008 were extracted from agency records. A total of 515 (7%) inspections with one or more personal airborne chemical substance samples were identified for further study. Inspections by report of a hazard and by targeting were compared for the following: number of inspections, number and percentage of inspections with workers exposed to substances above an agency's permissible exposure limit, types of industries inspected, and number and type of chemical substances assessed. Report of a hazard inspections documented work sites with worker overexposure at the same rate as agency targeted inspections (approximately 35% of the time), suggesting that complainants and referents are a credible pool of observers capable of directing the agency to airborne chemical substance hazards. Report of a hazard inspections were associated with significantly broader distribution of industries as well as a greater variety of chemical substance exposures than were targeted inspections. Narrative text that described business type and processes inspected was more useful than NAICS codes alone and critical in identifying processes and industries that may be associated with new hazards. Finally, previously identified emerging hazards were found among the report of a hazard data. These findings indicate that surveillance of OSHA inspection data can be a valid tool to identify uncharacterized and emerging health hazards. Additional research is needed to develop criteria for objective review and prioritization of the data for intervention. Federal OSHA and other state OSHA agencies will need to add electronic data entry fields more descriptive of industry, process, and substance to fully use agency exposure data for hazard surveillance.

The role of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry in the analysis of protein reference standards.

PubMed

Pritchard, Caroline; O'Connor, Gavin; Ashcroft, Alison E

2013-08-06

To achieve comparability of measurement results of protein amount of substance content between clinical laboratories, suitable reference materials are required. The impact on measurement comparability of potential differences in the tertiary and quaternary structure of protein reference standards is as yet not well understood. With the use of human growth hormone as a model protein, the potential of ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry as a tool to assess differences in the structure of protein reference materials and their interactions with antibodies has been investigated here.

Ecological Assessment of Substance-abuse Experiences (EASE): findings from a new instrument development pilot study.

PubMed

Matto, Holly C; Miller, Keith; Spera, Christopher

2005-08-01

A newly developed instrument that assesses a client's orientation to addiction or recovery communities using social context referents was pilot tested with a sample of 103 adults seeking treatment for substance abuse at outpatient and residential treatment facilities on the East Coast. Preliminary findings show promising subscale reliabilities, and suggest that drug- and recovery-related social identities are related to drug-use severity and drug-use concern; and drug-related attitudinal congruence between the treatment-seeker and family and treatment-seeker and other significant persons are related to intention to make behavioral changes in reducing substance abuse.

The analysis and assessment of the effect of selected endo- and exogenous substances on prevention and treatment of selected conditions and injuries within the musculoskeletal system.

PubMed

Tomaszewski, Wiesław E; Obmiński, Zbigniew

2017-04-12

The aim of the presented report, prepared based on the results of the newest studies available in the reference sources, is the analysis and assessment of the important endo- and exogenous substances, whose role and significance in prevention and complex treatment of civilization-related diseases (including the pathological conditions and injuries of the musculoskeletal system) can be essential and significantly contribute to the improvement of the efficacy of the accepted treatment approach. Three substances, namely a-lipoic acid, y-linolenic acid and a-linoleic acid were subject to a detailed analysis and assessment.

Determinations of the combined effect of toxic substances in predictions of atmospheric pollution (in Russian)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gusey, M.I.; Gil'denskiol'd, R.S.; Baikov, B.K.

There have recently been several investigations of the combined effect of several pollutants present simultaneously in the atmosphere. As a rule the combined effect of toxic substances in the atmosphere at the levels of liminal and subliminal concentrations are in accordance with the principle of simple summation. There is a definite gap between theory and practice in the establishment of standards for atmospheric pollutants. 17 references, 1 table.

A bill to amend the Controlled Substances Act to allow a veterinarian to transport and dispense controlled substances in the usual course of veterinary practice outside of the registered location.

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Sen. Moran, Jerry [R-KS

2013-06-17

House - 03/20/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Notes: For further action, see H.R.1528, which became Public Law 113-143 on 8/1/2014. Tracker: This bill has the status Passed SenateHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Establishment of the Ph. Eur. erythropoietin chemical reference substance batch 1.

PubMed

Burns, C; Bristow, A F; Buchheit, K H; Daas, A; Wierer, M; Costanzo, A

2015-01-01

The Erythropoietin (EPO) European Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Eur.) Biological Reference Preparation (BRP) batch 3 was calibrated in 2006 by in vivo bioassay and was used as a reference preparation for these assays as well as for the physicochemical methods in the Ph. Eur. monograph Erythropoietin concentrated solution (1316). In order to avoid the frequent replacement of this standard and thus reduce the use of animals, a new EPO Chemical Reference Substance (CRS) was established to be used solely for the physicochemical methods. Here we report the outcome of a collaborative study aimed at demonstrating the suitability of the candidate CRS (cCRS) as a reference for the physicochemical methods in the Ph. Eur. monograph. Results from the study demonstrated that for the physicochemical methods currently required in the monograph (capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE), polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE)/immunoblotting and peptide mapping), the cCRS is essentially identical to the existing BRP. However, data also indicated that, for the physicochemical methods under consideration for inclusion in a revised monograph (test for oxidised forms and glycan mapping), the suitability of the cCRS as a reference needs to be confirmed with additional work. Further to completion of the study, the Ph. Eur. Commission adopted the cCRS as "Erythropoietin for physicochemical tests CRS batch 1" to be used for CZE, PAGE/immunoblotting and peptide mapping.

Chemical Advisory - Solid Ammonium Nitrate (AN) Storage, Handling and Management

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Advisory contains information on recent and past accidents involving AMMONIUM NITRATE (commonly referred to as AN), on the hazards of AN, how to manage these hazards, and appropriate steps for community emergency planning and proper emergency response.

Communication of scientific uncertainty: international case studies on the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values.

PubMed

Brown, Kerry A; de Wit, Liesbeth; Timotijevic, Lada; Sonne, Anne-Mette; Lähteenmäki, Liisa; Brito Garcia, Noé; Jeruszka-Bielak, Marta; Sicińska, Ewa; Moore, Alana N; Lawrence, Mark; Raats, Monique M

2015-06-01

Transparent evidence-based decision making has been promoted worldwide to engender trust in science and policy making. Yet, little attention has been given to transparency implementation. The degree of transparency (focused on how uncertain evidence was handled) during the development of folate and vitamin D Dietary Reference Values was explored in three a priori defined areas: (i) value request; (ii) evidence evaluation; and (iii) final values. Qualitative case studies (semi-structured interviews and desk research). A common protocol was used for data collection, interview thematic analysis and reporting. Results were coordinated via cross-case synthesis. Australia and New Zealand, Netherlands, Nordic countries, Poland, Spain and UK. Twenty-one interviews were conducted in six case studies. Transparency of process was not universally observed across countries or areas of the recommendation setting process. Transparency practices were most commonly seen surrounding the request to develop reference values (e.g. access to risk manager/assessor problem formulation discussions) and evidence evaluation (e.g. disclosure of risk assessor data sourcing/evaluation protocols). Fewer transparency practices were observed to assist with handling uncertainty in the evidence base during the development of quantitative reference values. Implementation of transparency policies may be limited by a lack of dedicated resources and best practice procedures, particularly to assist with the latter stages of reference value development. Challenges remain regarding the best practice for transparently communicating the influence of uncertain evidence on the final reference values. Resolving this issue may assist the evolution of nutrition risk assessment and better inform the recommendation setting process.

Dual Diagnosis Motivational Interviewing: a modification of Motivational Interviewing for substance-abusing patients with psychotic disorders

PubMed Central

Martino, Steve; Carroll, Kathleen; Kostas, Demetrios; Perkins, Jennifer; Rounsaville, Bruce

2013-01-01

Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a brief treatment approach for helping patients develop intrinsic motivation to change addictive behaviors. While initially developed to target primary substance using populations, professionals are increasingly recognizing the promise this approach has for addressing the motivational dilemmas faced by patients who have co-occurring psychiatric and psychoactive substance use disorders. Unfortunately, this recognition has not lead to a clear explication of how MI might be adopted for specific diagnostic populations of dually diagnosed patients. In this article we describe how we have applied the principles and practices of MI to patients who have psychotic disorders and co-occurring drug or alcohol use problems. Specifically, we provide two supplemental guidelines to augment basic MI principles (adopting an integrated dual diagnosis approach, accommodating cognitive impairments and disordered thinking). We present recommended modifications to primary MI skill sets (simplifying open-ended questions, refining reflective listening skills, heightening emphasis on affirmations, integrating psychiatric issues into personalized feedback and decisional balance matrices). Finally, we highlight other clinical considerations (handling psychotic exacerbation and crisis events, recommended professional qualifications) when using MI with psychotic disordered dually diagnosed patients. PMID:12495791

US Fish and Wildlife Service biomonitoring operations manual, Appendices A--K

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gianotto, D.F.; Rope, R.C.; Mondecar, M.

1993-04-01

Volume 2 contains Appendices and Summary Sheets for the following areas: A-Legislative Background and Key to Relevant Legislation, B- Biomonitoring Operations Workbook, C-Air Monitoring, D-Introduction to the Flora and Fauna for Biomonitoring, E-Decontamination Guidance Reference Field Methods, F-Documentation Guidance, Sample Handling, and Quality Assurance/Quality Control Standard Operating Procedures, G-Field Instrument Measurements Reference Field Methods, H-Ground Water Sampling Reference Field Methods, I-Sediment Sampling Reference Field Methods, J-Soil Sampling Reference Field Methods, K-Surface Water Reference Field Methods. Appendix B explains how to set up strategy to enter information on the ``disk workbook``. Appendix B is enhanced by DE97006389, an on-line workbook formore » users to be able to make revisions to their own biomonitoring data.« less

[Simultaneous separation and detection of principal component isomer and related substances of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate by RP-HPLC and structure confirmation].

PubMed

Zhao, Yan-Yan; Liu, Li-Yan; Han, Yuan-Yuan; Li, Yue-Qiu; Wang, Yan; Shi, Min-Jian

2013-08-01

A simple, fast and sensitive analytical method for the simultaneous separation and detection of 18alpha-glycyrrhizinic acid, 18beta-glycyrrhizinic acid, related substance A and related substance B by RP-HPLC and drug quality standard was established. The structures of principal component isomer and related substances of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate have been confirmed. Reference European Pharmacopoeia EP7.0 version, British Pharmacopoeia 2012 version, National Drug Standards of China (WS 1-XG-2002), domestic and international interrelated literature were referred to select the composition of mobile phase. The experimental parameters including salt concentration, pH, addition quantities of organic solvent, column temperature and flow rate were optimized. Finally, the assay was conducted on a Durashell-C18 column (250 mm x 4.6 mm, 5 microm) with 0.01 mol x mL(-1) ammonium perchlorate (add ammonia to adjust the pH value to 8.2) -methanol (48 : 52) as mobile phase at the flow rate of 0.8 mL x min(-1), and the detection wavelength was set at 254 nm. The column temperature was 50 degrees C and the injection volume was 10 microL. The MS, NMR, UV and RP-HPLC were used to confirm the structures of principal component isomer and related substances of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate. Under the optimized separation conditions, the calibration curves of 18 alpha-glycyrrhizinic acid, 18beta-glycyrrhizinic acid, related substance A and related substance B showed good linearity within the concentration of 0.50-100 microg x mL(-1) (r = 0.999 9). The detection limits for 18alpha-glycyrrhizinic acid, 18beta-glycyrrhizinic acid, related substance A and related substance B were 0.15, 0.10, 0.10, 0.15 microg x mL(-1) respectively. The method is sensitive, reproducible and the results are accurate and reliable. It can be used for chiral resolution of 18alpha-glycyrrhizinic acid, 18Pbeta-glycyrrhizinic acid, and detection content of principal component and related substances of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate. It is concluded that the separation of principal component isomer of raw material drug of ammonium glycyrrhizinate and the validity of the substance's structure assignments of retention time being 1.2 in the European pharmacopoeia EP7.0 version, British pharmacopoeia 2012 version remains open to question. It may be of practical value for the quality control of raw material drug, preparation, and Chinese herbal medicine of ammonium glycyrrhizinate.

Understanding Skill in EVA Mass Handling. Volume 1; Theoretical and Operational Foundations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Riccio, Gary; McDonald, Vernon; Peters, Brian; Layne, Charles; Bloomberg, Jacob

1997-01-01

This report describes the theoretical and operational foundations for our analysis of skill in extravehicular mass handling. A review of our research on postural control, human-environment interactions, and exploratory behavior in skill acquisition is used to motivate our analysis. This scientific material is presented within the context of operationally valid issues concerning extravehicular mass handling. We describe the development of meaningful empirical measures that are relevant to a special class of nested control systems: manual interactions between an individual and the substantial environment. These measures are incorporated into a unique empirical protocol implemented on NASA's principal mass handling simulator, the precision air-bearing floor, in order to evaluate skill in extravehicular mass handling. We discuss the components of such skill with reference to the relationship between postural configuration and controllability of an orbital replacement unit, the relationship between orbital replacement unit control and postural stability, the relationship between antecedent and consequent movements of an orbital replacement unit, and the relationship between antecedent and consequent postural movements. Finally, we describe our expectations regarding the operational relevance of the empirical results as it pertains to extravehicular activity tools, training, monitoring, and planning.

Genetics Home Reference: Barth syndrome

MedlinePlus

... intelligence but often have difficulty performing tasks involving math or visual-spatial skills such as puzzles. Males with Barth syndrome have increased levels of a substance called 3-methylglutaconic acid in ...

Stream Lined Emission Particles Handling For Civil Engineering Purposes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hrabovský, Leopold

2017-10-01

Exploitation of conveyor belts for building purposes has large meaning and order scientific potential, that are competently solve the situation in terms of engineering structure. Pocket conveyer is one of the possible structural solutions of belt conveyer transport, where loose substance is conveyed in closed slot of the belt conveyer. The slot emerges (forms) by mutual bringing (approaching) of edges of the belt conveyer together, which have vulcanized lengthwise parts. The lengthwise parts serve for the leading of the belt conveyer and its hanging on a special construction with a number of supporting discs.

Great Lakes and St. Lawrence Seaway Navigation Season Extension. Volume 3. Appendix C. Public Views and Responses on the Report and Environmental Impact Statement

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

Association Save the River Committee (St. Lawrence River) Seafarers Tnternational Union Sierra Club Southeast Michigan Council of Governments U.S. Great Lakes...the area of oil and hazardous substance spills and how they would be handled. After the general meeting, the audience was divided into three groups for...water during the winter shows up on beaches in the spring. j. Should oil tankers and chemical tankers be rebtricted after December 15? k. There needs to

Pilot Plant Makes Oxygen Difluoride

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Humphrey, Marshall F.; Lawton, Emil A.

1989-01-01

Pilot plant makes oxygen difluoride highly-energetic, space-storable oxidizer not made commercially. Designed to handle reactants, product, and byproduct, most of which highly reactive, corrosive, and toxic. Oxygen difluoride evolves continuously from reactor containing potassium hydroxide in water at 10 degree C. Collection tanks alternated; one filled while other drained to storage cylinder. Excess OF2 and F2 dissipated in combustion of charcoal in burn barrel. Toxic byproduct, potassium fluoride, reacted with calcium hydroxide to form nontoxic calcium fluoride and to regenerate potassium hydroxide. Equipment processes toxic, difficult-to-make substance efficiently and safely.

The impact of reference pricing and extension of generic substitution on the daily cost of antipsychotic medication in Finland.

PubMed

Koskinen, Hanna; Ahola, Elina; Saastamoinen, Leena K; Mikkola, Hennamari; Martikainen, Jaana E

2014-12-01

To assess the impact of reference pricing and extension of generic substitution on the daily cost of antipsychotic drugs in Finland during the first year after its launch. Furthermore, the additional impact of reference pricing on prior implemented generic substitution is assessed. A retrospective analysis was performed between 2006 and 2010. A segmented linear regression analysis of interrupted time series was used to estimate changes in the levels and trends in the cost of one day of treatment. Of the study drugs, clozapine belonged to generic substitution already at the start of the study period while olanzapine and quetiapine were included in generic substitution alongside with reference pricing in 2009. Risperidone was included in generic substitution in 2008, before reference pricing. A substantial decrease in the daily cost of all four antipsychotic substances was seen after one year of the implementation of reference pricing and the extension of generic substitution. The impact ranged from -29.9% to -66.3%, and it was most substantial on the daily cost of olanzapine. Also in the daily cost of risperidone a substantial decrease of -43.3% was observed. However, most of these savings, -32.6%, were generated by generic substitution which had been adopted prior. Reference pricing and the extension of generic substitution produced substantial savings on antipsychotic medication costs during the first year after its launch, but the intensity of the impact differed between active substances. Furthermore, our results suggest that the additional cost savings from reference pricing after prior implemented generic substitution, are comparatively low.

The test chemical selection procedure of the European Centre for the Validation of Alternative Methods for the EU Project ReProTect.

PubMed

Pazos, Patricia; Pellizzer, Cristian; Stummann, Tina C; Hareng, Lars; Bremer, Susanne

2010-08-01

The selection of reference compounds is crucial for a successful in vitro test development in order to proof the relevance of the test system. This publication describes the criteria and the selection strategy leading to a list of more than 130 chemicals suitable for test development within the ReProTect project. The presented chemical inventory aimed to support the development and optimization of in vitro tests that seek to fulfill ECVAM's criteria for entering into the prevalidation. In order to select appropriate substances, a primary database was established compiling information from existing databases. In a second step, predefined selection criteria have been applied to obtain a comprehensive list ready to undergo a peer review process from independent experts with industrial, academic and regulatory background. Finally, a peer reviewed chemical list containing 13 substances challenging endocrine disrupter tests, additional 50 substances serving as reference chemicals for various tests evaluating effects on male and female fertility, and finally 61 substances were identified as known to provoke effects on the early development of mammalian offspring. The final list aims to cover relevant and specific mode/site of actions as they are known to be relevant for various substance classes. However, the recommended list should not be interpreted as a list of reproductive toxicants, because such a description requires proven associations with adverse effects of mammalian reproduction, which are subject of regulatory decisions done by involved competent authorities. Copyright 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Health risks from pest control products].

PubMed

Pieper, C; Holthenrich, D; Schneider, H

2014-05-01

According to European biocide legislation, pest control products require assessment and authorization by the responsible national or European authorities. Biocidal products can only be authorized if they have no unacceptable effects on human health. The health risk assessment performed for authorization comprises (a) the derivation of reference values for the active substances and substances of concern contained in the biocidal product and (b) an exposure assessment. These parameters are required for risk characterization. No unacceptable health risks are expected if the determined exposure is less than the relevant reference value. In addition, the toxicological information is used for classification of the biocidal product. The assessment may, where necessary, result in specific conditions for use or other restrictions aimed at minimizing risk. The risk to human health from pest control products is mainly based on the toxicological properties of their active substances. Commonly, the coformulants used in pest control products are of less concern than the active substances (e.g., food ingredients and animal feed products). For example, most rodenticides belong to the group of anticoagulants, which are also effective in humans. Regarding intoxications through insecticides, the group of pyrethroids is of particular importance. Fumigants containing metal phosphides, hydrogen cyanide, or sulfuryl difluoride are particularly toxic. This toxicity is linked to the high acute inhalation toxicity of the gaseous active substances themselves or, in the case of phosphides, of the released gas phosphane. The aim of health risk assessment for the authorization of biocidal products is to ensure their safe application for users and all other persons involved, assuming an adequate and label-compliant use.

Online Patent Searching: The Realities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaback, Stuart M.

1983-01-01

Considers patent subject searching capabilities of major online databases, noting patent claims, "deep-indexed" files, test searches, retrieval of related references, multi-database searching, improvements needed in indexing of chemical structures, full text searching, improvements needed in handling numerical data, and augmenting a…

Accuracy of information on substance use recorded in medical charts of patients with intentional drug overdose.

PubMed

Tournier, Marie; Molimard, Mathieu; Titier, Karine; Cougnard, Audrey; Bégaud, Bernard; Gbikpi-Benissan, Georges; Verdoux, Hélène

2007-07-30

Psychoactive substance use is a risk factor for suicidal behavior and current intoxication increases the likelihood of serious intentional drug overdose (IDO). The objective was to assess the accuracy of information on substance use recorded in medical charts using toxicological assays as a reference in subjects admitted for IDO to an emergency department. Patients (n=1190) consecutively admitted for IDO were included. Information on substance use was recorded in routine practice by the emergency staff and toxicological assays (cannabis, opiate, buprenorphine, amphetamine/ecstasy, cocaine, LSD) were carried out in urine samples collected as part of routine management. The information on substance use was recorded in medical charts for 24.4% of subjects. A third of subjects (27.5%) were positive for toxicological assays. Recorded substance use allowed correct classification of nearly 80% of subjects. However, specificity (88.6%) was better than sensitivity (54.2%). Compared with toxicological assays, medical records allowed identification of only half of the subjects with current substance use. The usefulness of systematic toxicological assays during hospitalization for IDO should be assessed in further studies exploring whether such information allows medical management to be modified and contributes to improving prognosis.

European Proficiency testing of national reference laboratories for the confirmation of sulfonamide residues in muscle and milk.

PubMed

Juhel-Gaugain, Murielle; Fourmond, Marie-Pierre; Delepine, Bernard; Laurentie, Michel; Brigitte, Roudaut; Sanders, Pascal

2005-03-01

Two interlaboratory studies were organized in 2002-2003 in order to check the proficiency of laboratories in confirming the presence of sulfonamide residues in muscle and milk. These studies involved 25 EU National Reference Laboratories (NRLs) from 21 different European Countries in charge of statutory monitoring of antimicrobial residues in food of animal origin at a national level. The study was conducted according to international and national guidelines by the Community Reference Laboratory (CRL) in charge of antimicrobial substances. Four different test matrices of sheep muscle and four different test matrices of bovine milk containing different sulfonamide substances were prepared and sent to the participants. Each participant was asked to use his own routine confirmatory method and to analyse each sample in triplicate within a period of about six weeks during which the stability of the materials was checked by the organizer. The sulfonamide content of each material was determined by calculating the robust means of all the results and the deviation of the results from the assigned values was assessed by calculating Z-scores. Overall, results were satisfactory, particularly considering that it was the first proficiency test dealing with sulfonamides organised by the Community Reference Laboratory.

42 CFR 7.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... described in a common currency of international and national units of activity. Biological preparations means a reference biological substance which may be used for a purpose similar to that of a standard...

Incidence of health crises in tourists visiting Jamaica, west indies, 1998 to 2000.

PubMed

Thompson, Danielle T; Ashley, David V M; Dockery-Brown, Cheryl A; Binns, Alvin; Jolly, Curtis M; Jolly, Pauline E

2003-01-01

Tourism is important to the Jamaican economy accounting for approximately 25% of the gross domestic product. Health problems in tourists could have significant impact on the health of the local population, the scarce health service resources, and the tourist industry. This study was conducted to identify health problems most commonly occurring in tourists visiting Jamaica and examine how these problems are managed. Records of health problems occurring in tourists who visited principal tourist areas on the north coast from June 1998 to June 2002 were reviewed for the type of illness and how the problem was handled. The data were analyzed using Epi-Info software (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA) and Statistical Analysis System software (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). Accidents were the most common health crises reported by tourists. Gastrointestinal, respiratory, and cardiovascular problems occurred less frequently. Those less than 40 years of age more frequently reported accidents or injury, gastrointestinal problems, and drug abuse, whereas respiratory and cardiovascular problems were more common among those above 40 years of age. Cardiovascular problems, drug abuse, and death were more common in men than in women. Hotel nurses handled most of the cases and were more likely to refer patients to private physicians or hospitals than to public hospitals (p <.05). Factors influencing the way the crisis was handled were age (p =.0441); who handled the crisis (p <.0001); and the method of payment (p =.0072). The factors that influenced hospitalization were gender (p =.0615); who handled the crisis at the onset (p =.0497); how the crisis was dealt with (p =.0336); and previous health problems (p =.0056). Men were more likely to be hospitalized and to be referred to a public hospital than women. Medical insurance covered the costs for 11% of tourists, and 75% paid out of pocket. The information provided by this study can be used to implement changes to reduce health problems in tourists and improve emergency health services in tourist areas.

HIV/AIDS Services in Private Substance Abuse Treatment Programs

PubMed Central

Abraham, Amanda J.; O’Brien, Lauren A.; Bride, Brian E.; Roman, Paul M.

2010-01-01

Background HIV infection among substance abusers is a growing concern in the United States. Little research, however, has examined the provision of HIV/AIDS services in substance abuse treatment programs. Methods This study examines the provision of onsite HIV/AIDS services in a nationally representative sample of 345 privately funded substance abuse treatment programs. Data were collected via face-to-face interviews with administrators and clinical directors of treatment programs in 2007–2008. Results Results show that larger programs and programs with a higher percentage of both African American and injection drug using (IDU) patients were more likely to offer onsite HIV/AIDS support groups and a dedicated HIV/AIDS treatment track. Multinomial logistic regression reveals that the odds of offering onsite HIV testing services were higher for hospital based programs, programs providing medical services onsite, and programs with higher percentages of African American patients, relative to the odds of offering no HIV testing or referring patients to an external provider for HIV testing services. The odds of providing onsite testing were lower for outpatient-only treatment programs, relative to the odds of offering no HIV testing or referring patients to an external provider for HIV testing services. Conclusions Our findings highlight critical barriers to the adoption of onsite HIV/AIDS services and suggest treatment programs are missing the opportunity to significantly impact HIV-related health outcomes. PMID:21145179

Semi-Markov adjunction to the Computer-Aided Markov Evaluator (CAME)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rosch, Gene; Hutchins, Monica A.; Leong, Frank J.; Babcock, Philip S., IV

1988-01-01

The rule-based Computer-Aided Markov Evaluator (CAME) program was expanded in its ability to incorporate the effect of fault-handling processes into the construction of a reliability model. The fault-handling processes are modeled as semi-Markov events and CAME constructs and appropriate semi-Markov model. To solve the model, the program outputs it in a form which can be directly solved with the Semi-Markov Unreliability Range Evaluator (SURE) program. As a means of evaluating the alterations made to the CAME program, the program is used to model the reliability of portions of the Integrated Airframe/Propulsion Control System Architecture (IAPSA 2) reference configuration. The reliability predictions are compared with a previous analysis. The results bear out the feasibility of utilizing CAME to generate appropriate semi-Markov models to model fault-handling processes.

Developing adaptive interventions for adolescent substance use treatment settings: protocol of an observational, mixed-methods project.

PubMed

Grant, Sean; Agniel, Denis; Almirall, Daniel; Burkhart, Q; Hunter, Sarah B; McCaffrey, Daniel F; Pedersen, Eric R; Ramchand, Rajeev; Griffin, Beth Ann

2017-12-19

Over 1.6 million adolescents in the United States meet criteria for substance use disorders (SUDs). While there are promising treatments for SUDs, adolescents respond to these treatments differentially in part based on the setting in which treatments are delivered. One way to address such individualized response to treatment is through the development of adaptive interventions (AIs): sequences of decision rules for altering treatment based on an individual's needs. This protocol describes a project with the overarching goal of beginning the development of AIs that provide recommendations for altering the setting of an adolescent's substance use treatment. This project has three discrete aims: (1) explore the views of various stakeholders (parents, providers, policymakers, and researchers) on deciding the setting of substance use treatment for an adolescent based on individualized need, (2) generate hypotheses concerning candidate AIs, and (3) compare the relative effectiveness among candidate AIs and non-adaptive interventions commonly used in everyday practice. This project uses a mixed-methods approach. First, we will conduct an iterative stakeholder engagement process, using RAND's ExpertLens online system, to assess the importance of considering specific individual needs and clinical outcomes when deciding the setting for an adolescent's substance use treatment. Second, we will use results from the stakeholder engagement process to analyze an observational longitudinal data set of 15,656 adolescents in substance use treatment, supported by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration, using the Global Appraisal of Individual Needs questionnaire. We will utilize methods based on Q-learning regression to generate hypotheses about candidate AIs. Third, we will use robust statistical methods that aim to appropriately handle casemix adjustment on a large number of covariates (marginal structural modeling and inverse probability of treatment weights) to compare the relative effectiveness among candidate AIs and non-adaptive decision rules that are commonly used in everyday practice. This project begins filling a major gap in clinical and research efforts for adolescents in substance use treatment. Findings could be used to inform the further development and revision of influential multi-dimensional assessment and treatment planning tools, or lay the foundation for subsequent experiments to further develop or test AIs for treatment planning.

Improving the efficiency of quantitative (1)H NMR: an innovative external standard-internal reference approach.

PubMed

Huang, Yande; Su, Bao-Ning; Ye, Qingmei; Palaniswamy, Venkatapuram A; Bolgar, Mark S; Raglione, Thomas V

2014-01-01

The classical internal standard quantitative NMR (qNMR) method determines the purity of an analyte by the determination of a solution containing the analyte and a standard. Therefore, the standard must meet the requirements of chemical compatibility and lack of resonance interference with the analyte as well as a known purity. The identification of such a standard can be time consuming and must be repeated for each analyte. In contrast, the external standard qNMR method utilizes a standard with a known purity to calibrate the NMR instrument. The external standard and the analyte are measured separately, thereby eliminating the matter of chemical compatibility and resonance interference between the standard and the analyte. However, the instrumental factors, including the quality of NMR tubes, must be kept the same. Any deviations will compromise the accuracy of the results. An innovative qNMR method reported herein utilizes an internal reference substance along with an external standard to assume the role of the standard used in the traditional internal standard qNMR method. In this new method, the internal reference substance must only be chemically compatible and be free of resonance-interference with the analyte or external standard whereas the external standard must only be of a known purity. The exact purity or concentration of the internal reference substance is not required as long as the same quantity is added to the external standard and the analyte. The new method reduces the burden of searching for an appropriate standard for each analyte significantly. Therefore the efficiency of the qNMR purity assay increases while the precision of the internal standard method is retained. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bibliography of work on the heterogeneous photocatalytic removal of hazardous compounds from water and air, Update Number 2 to October 1996

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Blake, D.M.

1997-01-01

The Solar Industrial Program has developed processes that destroy hazardous substances in or remove them from water and air. The processes of interest in this report are based on the application of heterogeneous photocatalysts, principally titanium dioxide or modifications thereof, but work on other heterogeneous catalysts is included in this compilation. This report continues bibliographies that were published in May, 1994, and October, 1995. The previous reports included 663 and 574 citations, respectively. This update contains an additional 518 references. These were published during the period from June 1995 to October 1996, or are references from prior years that weremore » not included in the previous reports. The work generally focuses on removing hazardous contaminants from air or water to meet environmental or health regulations. This report also references work on properties of semiconductor photocatalysts and applications of photocatalytic chemistry in organic synthesis. This report follows the same organization as the previous publications. The first part provides citations for work done in a few broad categories that are generic to the process. Three tables provide references to work on specific substances. The first table lists organic compounds that are included in various lists of hazardous substances identified by the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The second table lists compounds not included in those categories, but which have been treated in a photocatalytic process. The third table covers inorganic compounds that are on EPA lists of hazardous materials or that have been treated by a photocatalytic process. A short update on companies that are active in providing products or services based on photocatalytic processes is provided.« less

Genetics Home Reference: retroperitoneal fibrosis

MedlinePlus

... substances build up in the blood and tissues, leading to nausea, vomiting, weight loss, itching, a low number of red blood cells ( anemia ), and changes in brain function. Related Information What does it ...