48 CFR 204.7101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Definitions. Accounting classification reference number (ACRN) means any combination of a two position alpha/numeric code used as a method of relating the accounting classification citation to detailed line item... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 204.7101...

Satellite power system: Concept development and evaluation program. Volume 3: Power transmission and reception. Technical summary and assessment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietz, R. H.; Arndt, G. D.; Seyl, J. W.; Leopold, L.; Kelley, J. S.

1981-01-01

Efforts in the DOE/NASA concept development and evaluation program are discussed for the solar power satellite power transmission and reception system. A technical summary is provided together with a summary of system assessment activities. System options and system definition drivers are described. Major system assessment activities were in support of the reference system definition, solid state system studies, critical technology supporting investigations, and various system and subsystem tradeoffs. These activities are described together with reference system updates and alternative concepts for each of the subsystem areas. Conclusions reached as a result of the numerous analytical and experimental evaluations are presented. Remaining issues for a possible follow-on program are identified.

Thermodynamics of Dilute Solutions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jancso, Gabor; Fenby, David V.

1983-01-01

Discusses principles and definitions related to the thermodynamics of dilute solutions. Topics considered include dilute solution, Gibbs-Duhem equation, reference systems (pure gases and gaseous mixtures, liquid mixtures, dilute solutions), real dilute solutions (focusing on solute and solvent), terminology, standard states, and reference systems.…

Kinematics of Laying an Automated Weapon System

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-19

mathematical transformation is required to move the firing solution from its reference frame to a reference frame that is meaningful to the weapon system. This...Procedures 2 Conventions and Variable Definitions 2 Rotation Matrices 5 Transformation of a Vector 5 Conversion Between Cartestian and Spherical...Coordinate Systems 6 Transformation of Earth Referenced Lay to Platform Reference Frame 6 Results and Discussions 7 Conclusions 8 Bibliography 9

Effect of reference conditions on flow rate, modifier fraction and retention in supercritical fluid chromatography.

PubMed

De Pauw, Ruben; Shoykhet Choikhet, Konstantin; Desmet, Gert; Broeckhoven, Ken

2016-08-12

When using compressible mobile phases such as fluidic CO2, the density, the volumetric flow rates and volumetric fractions are pressure dependent. The pressure and temperature definition of these volumetric parameters (referred to as the reference conditions) may alter between systems, manufacturers and operating conditions. A supercritical fluid chromatography system was modified to operate in two modes with different definition of the eluent delivery parameters, referred to as fixed and variable mode. For the variable mode, the volumetric parameters are defined with reference to the pump operating pressure and actual pump head temperature. These conditions may vary when, e.g. changing the column length, permeability, flow rate, etc. and are thus variable reference conditions. For the fixed mode, the reference conditions were set at 150bar and 30°C, resulting in a mass flow rate and mass fraction of modifier definition which is independent of the operation conditions. For the variable mode, the mass flow rate of carbon dioxide increases with system pump operating pressure, decreasing the fraction of modifier. Comparing the void times and retention factor shows that the deviation between the two modes is almost independent of modifier percentage, but depends on the operating pressure. Recalculating the set volumetric fraction of modifier to the mass fraction results in the same retention behaviour for both modes. This shows that retention in SFC can be best modelled using the mass fraction of modifier. The fixed mode also simplifies method scaling as it only requires matching average column pressure. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Satellite power system concept development and evaluation program. Volume 2: System definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The system level results of the system definition studies performed by NASA as a part of the Department of Energy/NASA satellite power system concept development and evaluation program are summarized. System requirements and guidelines are discussed as well as the major elements that comprise the reference system and its design options. Alternative system approaches including different system sizes, solid state amplifier (microwave) concepts, and laser power transmission system cost summaries are reviewed. An overview of the system analysis and planning efforts is included. The overall study led to the conclusion that the reference satellite power system concept is a feasible baseload source of electrical power and, within the assumed guidelines, the minimum cost per kilowatt is achieved at the maximum output of 5 gigawatts to the utility grid. Major unresolved technical issues include maximum allowable microwave power density in the ionosphere and performance/mass characteristics of laser power transmission systems.

Systems Engineering Case Studies: Synopsis of the Learning Principles

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-05-17

Engineering Case Study HST refers to the Hubble Space Telescope Systems Engineering Case Study TBMCS refers to the Theater Battle Management Core System...going to orbit undetected in spite of substantial evidence that could have been used to prevent this occurrence. TBMCS /1 Requirements Definition...baseline was volatile up to system acceptance, which took place after TBMCS passed operational test and evaluation. TBMCS /2 System Architecture The

What Is Applied Linguistics?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

James, Carl

1993-01-01

Ostensive and expository definitions of applied linguistics are assessed. It is suggested that the key to a meaningful definition lies in the dual articulation of applied linguistics: it is an interface between linguistics and practicality. Its role as an "expert system" is suggested. (45 references) (Author/LB)

Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use

PubMed Central

Dowling, John N; Baer, Atar; Buckeridge, David L; Cochrane, Dennis; Conway, Michael A; Elkin, Peter; Espino, Jeremy; Gunn, Julia E; Hales, Craig M; Hutwagner, Lori; Keller, Mikaela; Larson, Catherine; Noe, Rebecca; Okhmatovskaia, Anya; Olson, Karen; Paladini, Marc; Scholer, Matthew; Sniegoski, Carol; Thompson, David; Lober, Bill

2010-01-01

Objective Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems. Design Clinical condition–syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions. Results Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created. Limitations The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation. Conclusion The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions. PMID:20819870

Developing syndrome definitions based on consensus and current use.

PubMed

Chapman, Wendy W; Dowling, John N; Baer, Atar; Buckeridge, David L; Cochrane, Dennis; Conway, Michael A; Elkin, Peter; Espino, Jeremy; Gunn, Julia E; Hales, Craig M; Hutwagner, Lori; Keller, Mikaela; Larson, Catherine; Noe, Rebecca; Okhmatovskaia, Anya; Olson, Karen; Paladini, Marc; Scholer, Matthew; Sniegoski, Carol; Thompson, David; Lober, Bill

2010-01-01

Standardized surveillance syndromes do not exist but would facilitate sharing data among surveillance systems and comparing the accuracy of existing systems. The objective of this study was to create reference syndrome definitions from a consensus of investigators who currently have or are building syndromic surveillance systems. Clinical condition-syndrome pairs were catalogued for 10 surveillance systems across the United States and the representatives of these systems were brought together for a workshop to discuss consensus syndrome definitions. Consensus syndrome definitions were generated for the four syndromes monitored by the majority of the 10 participating surveillance systems: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, constitutional, and influenza-like illness (ILI). An important element in coming to consensus quickly was the development of a sensitive and specific definition for respiratory and gastrointestinal syndromes. After the workshop, the definitions were refined and supplemented with keywords and regular expressions, the keywords were mapped to standard vocabularies, and a web ontology language (OWL) ontology was created. The consensus definitions have not yet been validated through implementation. The consensus definitions provide an explicit description of the current state-of-the-art syndromes used in automated surveillance, which can subsequently be systematically evaluated against real data to improve the definitions. The method for creating consensus definitions could be applied to other domains that have diverse existing definitions.

Outer planet entry probe system study. Volume 4: Common Saturn/Uranus probe studies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

Results are summarized of a common scientific probe study to explore the atmospheres of Saturn and Uranus. This was a three-month follow-on effort to the Outer Planet Entry Probe System study. The report presents: (1) a summary, conclusions and recommendations of this study, (2) parametric analysis conducted to support the two system definitions, (3) common Saturn/Uranus probe system definition using the Science Advisory Group's exploratory payload and, (4) common Saturn/Uranus probe system definition using an expanded science complement. Each of the probe system definitions consists of detailed discussions of the mission, science, system and subsystems including telecommunications, data handling, power, pyrotechnics, attitude control, structures, propulsion, thermal control and probe-to-spacecraft integration. References are made to the contents of the first three volumes where it is feasible to do so.

Everything You Need To Know about Math Homework. A Desk Reference for Students and Parents. Fourth to Sixth Grades. Scholastic Homework Reference Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zeman, Anne; Kelly, Kate

This book is written to answer commonly asked homework questions of fourth, fifth, and sixth graders. Included are facts, charts, definitions, explanations, examples, and illustrations. Topics include ancient number systems; decimal system; math symbols; addition; subtraction; multiplication; division; fractions; estimation; averages; properties;…

Definition of a Robust Supervisory Control Scheme for Sodium-Cooled Fast Reactors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ponciroli, R.; Passerini, S.; Vilim, R. B.

In this work, an innovative control approach for metal-fueled Sodium-cooled Fast Reactors is proposed. With respect to the classical approach adopted for base-load Nuclear Power Plants, an alternative control strategy for operating the reactor at different power levels by respecting the system physical constraints is presented. In order to achieve a higher operational flexibility along with ensuring that the implemented control loops do not influence the system inherent passive safety features, a dedicated supervisory control scheme for the dynamic definition of the corresponding set-points to be supplied to the PID controllers is designed. In particular, the traditional approach based onmore » the adoption of tabulated lookup tables for the set-point definition is found not to be robust enough when failures of the implemented SISO (Single Input Single Output) actuators occur. Therefore, a feedback algorithm based on the Reference Governor approach, which allows for the optimization of reference signals according to the system operating conditions, is proposed.« less

Creation of an Open Framework for Point-of-Care Computer-Assisted Reporting and Decision Support Tools for Radiologists.

PubMed

Alkasab, Tarik K; Bizzo, Bernardo C; Berland, Lincoln L; Nair, Sujith; Pandharipande, Pari V; Harvey, H Benjamin

2017-09-01

Decreasing unnecessary variation in radiology reporting and producing guideline-concordant reports is fundamental to radiology's success in value-based payment models and good for patient care. In this article, we present an open authoring system for point-of-care clinical decision support tools integrated into the radiologist reporting environment referred to as the computer-assisted reporting and decision support (CAR/DS) framework. The CAR/DS authoring system, described herein, includes: (1) a definition format for representing radiology clinical guidelines as structured, machine-readable Extensible Markup Language documents and (2) a user-friendly reference implementation to test the fidelity of the created definition files with the clinical guideline. The proposed definition format and reference implementation will enable content creators to develop CAR/DS tools that voice recognition software (VRS) vendors can use to extend the commercial tools currently in use. In making the definition format and reference implementation software freely available, we hope to empower individual radiologists, expert groups such as the ACR, and VRS vendors to develop a robust ecosystem of CAR/DS tools that can further improve the quality and efficiency of the patient care that our field provides. We hope that this initial effort can serve as the basis for a community-owned open standard for guideline definition that the imaging informatics and VRS vendor communities will embrace and strengthen. To this end, the ACR Assist™ initiative is intended to make the College's clinical content, including the Incidental Findings Committee White Papers, available for decision support tool creation based upon the herein described CAR/DS framework. Copyright © 2017 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study exhibit C. Volume 3: Experimental verification definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

An environmentally oriented microwave technology exploratory research program aimed at reducing the uncertainty associated with microwave power system critical technical issues is described. Topics discussed include: (1) Solar Power Satellite System (SPS) development plan elements; (2) critical technology issues related to the SPS preliminary reference configuration; (3) pilot plant to demonstrate commercial viability of the SPS system; and (4) research areas required to demonstrate feasibility of the SPS system. Progress in the development of advanced GaAs solar cells is reported along with a power distribution subsystem.

Four dimensional studies in earth space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mather, R. S.

1972-01-01

A system of reference which is directly related to observations, is proposed for four-dimensional studies in earth space. Global control network and polar wandering are defined. The determination of variations in the earth's gravitational field with time also forms part of such a system. Techniques are outlined for the unique definition of the motion of the geocenter, and the changes in the location of the axis of rotation of an instantaneous earth model, in relation to values at some epoch of reference. The instantaneous system referred to is directly related to a fundamental equation in geodynamics. The reference system defined would provide an unambiguous frame for long period studies in earth space, provided the scale of the space were specified.

Definitions in the context of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

Treesearch

Sandra Brown

2013-01-01

In relation to REDD+ implementation, two key steps are needed: (1) establishing a reference emission level or reference level (RL) and (2) monitoring performance against the RL. The RL is based on historic emissions and this can serve as a key starting point for designing any system for future monitoring. A monitoring system must be able to monitor the performance of...

18 CFR 358.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

....1 of this chapter), affiliate shall have the meaning set forth in § 366.1 of this chapter, or any...) Internet Web site refers to the Internet location where an interstate natural gas pipeline or a public... functions. (e) Open Access Same Time Information System or OASIS refers to the Internet location where a...

42 CFR 412.503 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... through September 30. LTC-DRG stands for the diagnosis-related group used to classify patient discharges... on or after October 1, 2007, are classified by a severity-adjusted patient classification system, the MS-LTC-DRGs. Any reference to the term “LTC-DRG” shall be considered a reference to the term “MS-LTC...

Space Construction System Analysis. Part 2: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

A detailed, end-to-end analysis of the activities, techniques, equipment and Shuttle provisions required to construct a reference project system is described. Included are: platform definition; construction analysis; cost and programmatics; and space construction experiments concepts.

Specification of the Transmitted Signal of the Omega Navigation System.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1984-01-01

This report documents the specification of the transmitted signal to the OMEGA Navigation System. It is intended as a reference document consisting of specifications, definitions, and explanations for general use by designers, manufacturers, and user...

Tracking and data relay satellite system configuration and tradeoff study. Volume 3: TDRSS configuration and data summary, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

A reference handbook of configuration data and design information is presented. It treats the overall system definition, operations and control, and telecommunication service system including link budgets. A brief description of the user transceiver and ground station is presented. A final section includes a summary description of the TDR spacecraft and all the subsystems. The data presented are largely in tabular form for easy reference.

Protoptype integrated design (Pride) system reference manual. Volume 2: Schema definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fishwick, P. A.; Sutter, T. R.; Blackburn, C. L.

1983-01-01

An initial description of an evolving relational database schema is presented for the management of finite element model design and analysis data. The report presents a description of each relation including attribute names, data types, and definitions. The format of this report is such that future modifications and enhancements may be easily incorporated.

42 CFR 495.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... management information system (MMIS) means a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system—referred to as Medicaid Management Information Systems (MMIS)—that meets specified requirements and that... include claims processing and retrieval of utilization and management information necessary for program...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koponen, Kati; Soimakallio, Sampo; Kline, Keith L.

In order to understand the climate effects of a bioenergy system, a comparison between the bioenergy system and a reference system is required. The reference system describes the situation that occurs in the absence of the bioenergy system with respect to the use of land, energy, and materials. The importance of reference systems is discussed in the literature but guidance on choosing suitable reference systems for assessing climate effects of bioenergy is limited. The reference system should align with the purpose of the study. Transparency of reference system assumptions is essential for proper interpretation of bioenergy assessments. This paper presentsmore » guidance for selecting suitable reference systems. Particular attention is given to choosing the land reference. If the goal is to study the climate effects of bioenergy as a part of total anthropogenic activity the reference system should illustrate what is expected in the absence of human activities. In such a case the suitable land reference is natural regeneration, and energy or material reference systems are not relevant. If the goal is to assess the effect of a change in bioenergy use, the reference system should incorporate human activities. In this case suitable reference systems describe the most likely alternative uses of the land, energy and materials in the absence of the change in bioenergy use. The definition of the reference system is furthermore subject to the temporal scope of the study. In practice, selecting and characterizing reference systems will involve various choices and uncertainties which should be considered carefully. As a result, it can be instructive to consider how alternative reference systems influence the results and conclusions drawn from bioenergy assessments.« less

CCSDS Spacecraft Monitor and Control Service Framework

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merri, Mario; Schmidt, Michael; Ercolani, Alessandro; Dankiewicz, Ivan; Cooper, Sam; Thompson, Roger; Symonds, Martin; Oyake, Amalaye; Vaughs, Ashton; Shames, Peter

2004-01-01

This CCSDS paper presents a reference architecture and service framework for spacecraft monitoring and control. It has been prepared by the Spacecraft Monitoring and Control working group of the CCSDS Mission Operations and Information Management Systems (MOIMS) area. In this context, Spacecraft Monitoring and Control (SM&C) refers to end-to-end services between on- board or remote applications and ground-based functions responsible for mission operations. The scope of SM&C includes: 1) Operational Concept: definition of an operational concept that covers a set of standard operations activities related to the monitoring and control of both ground and space segments. 2) Core Set of Services: definition of an extensible set of services to support the operational concept together with its information model and behaviours. This includes (non exhaustively) ground systems such as Automatic Command and Control, Data Archiving and Retrieval, Flight Dynamics, Mission Planning and Performance Evaluation. 3) Application-layer information: definition of the standard information set to be exchanged for SM&C purposes.

Power system requirements and definition for lunar and Mars outposts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petri, D. A.; Cataldo, R. L.; Bozek, J. M.

1990-01-01

Candidate power systems being considered for outpost facilities (stationary power systems) and vehicles (mobile systems) are discussed, including solar, chemical, isotopic, and reactor. The current power strategy was an initial outpost power system composed of photovoltaic arrays for daytime energy needs and regenerative fuel cells for power during the long lunar night. As day and night power demands grow, the outpost transitions to nuclear-based power generation, using thermoelectric conversion initially and evolving to a dynamic conversion system. With this concept as a guideline, a set of requirements has been established, and a reference definition of candidate power systems meeting these requirements has been identified.

Unification of height systems in the frame of GGOS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sánchez, Laura

2015-04-01

Most of the existing vertical reference systems do not fulfil the accuracy requirements of modern Geodesy. They refer to local sea surface levels, are stationary (do not consider variations in time), realize different physical height types (orthometric, normal, normal-orthometric, etc.), and their combination in a global frame presents uncertainties at the metre level. To provide a precise geodetic infrastructure for monitoring the Earth system, the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG), promotes the standardization of the height systems worldwide. The main purpose is to establish a global gravity field-related vertical reference system that (1) supports a highly-precise (at cm-level) combination of physical and geometric heights worldwide, (2) allows the unification of all existing local height datums, and (3) guarantees vertical coordinates with global consistency (the same accuracy everywhere) and long-term stability (the same order of accuracy at any time). Under this umbrella, the present contribution concentrates on the definition and realization of a conventional global vertical reference system; the standardization of the geodetic data referring to the existing height systems; and the formulation of appropriate strategies for the precise transformation of the local height datums into the global vertical reference system. The proposed vertical reference system is based on two components: a geometric component consisting of ellipsoidal heights as coordinates and a level ellipsoid as the reference surface, and a physical component comprising geopotential numbers as coordinates and an equipotential surface defined by a conventional W0 value as the reference surface. The definition of the physical component is based on potential parameters in order to provide reference to any type of physical heights (normal, orthometric, etc.). The conversion of geopotential numbers into metric heights and the modelling of the reference surface (geoid or quasigeoid determination) are considered as steps of the realization. The vertical datum unification strategy is based on (1) the physical connection of height datums to determine their discrepancies, (2) joint analysis of satellite altimetry and tide gauge records to determine time variations of sea level at reference tide gauges, (3) combination of geometrical and physical heights in a well-distributed and high-precise reference frame to estimate the relationship between the individual vertical levels and the global one, and (4) analysis of GNSS time series at reference tide gauges to separate crustal movements from sea level changes. The final vertical transformation parameters are provided by the common adjustment of the observation equations derived from these methods.

Solar power satellite system definition study. Volume 5: Space transportation analysis, phase 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

A small Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle (HLLV) for the Solar Power Satellites (SPS) System was analyzed. It is recommended that the small HLLV with a payload of 120 metric tons be adopted as the SPS launch vehicle. The reference HLLV, a shuttle-derived option with a payload of 400 metric tons, should serve as a backup and be examined further after initial flight experience. The electric orbit transfer vehicle should be retained as the reference orbit-to-orbit cargo system.

9 CFR 205.201 - System operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false System operator. 205.201 Section 205... Interpretive Opinions § 205.201 System operator. The system operator can be the Secretary of State of a State... system refers to operation by the Secretary of State of a State, but the definition in (c)(11) of...

9 CFR 205.201 - System operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false System operator. 205.201 Section 205... Interpretive Opinions § 205.201 System operator. The system operator can be the Secretary of State of a State... system refers to operation by the Secretary of State of a State, but the definition in (c)(11) of...

9 CFR 205.201 - System operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false System operator. 205.201 Section 205... Interpretive Opinions § 205.201 System operator. The system operator can be the Secretary of State of a State... system refers to operation by the Secretary of State of a State, but the definition in (c)(11) of...

9 CFR 205.201 - System operator.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false System operator. 205.201 Section 205... Interpretive Opinions § 205.201 System operator. The system operator can be the Secretary of State of a State... system refers to operation by the Secretary of State of a State, but the definition in (c)(11) of...

17 CFR 250.103 - References and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false References and definitions... (CONTINUED) GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS, PUBLIC UTILITY HOLDING COMPANY ACT OF 1935 Miscellaneous Rules § 250.103 References and definitions. As used in the rules in this part, unless the context indicates...

Specification of the Transmitted Signal of the U.S. Marine Radiobeacon System

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1983-01-01

This report documents the specification of the transmitted signal of the U.S. Marine Radiobeacon System. It is intended as a reference document consisting of specifications, definitions, and explanations for general use by designers, manufacturers, a...

5 CFR 9901.204 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Administrative Personnel DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT AND LABOR RELATIONS SYSTEMS (DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE-OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT) DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE NATIONAL SECURITY PERSONNEL SYSTEM... meaning given that term in § 9901.103. Classification, also referred to as job evaluation, means the...

Quantifying the climate effects of bioenergy – Choice of reference system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koponen, Kati; Soimakallio, Sampo; Kline, Keith L.

In order to understand the climate effects of a bioenergy system, a comparison between the bioenergy system and a reference system is required. The reference system describes the situation that occurs in the absence of the bioenergy system with respect to the use of land, energy, and materials. The importance of reference systems is discussed in the literature but guidance on choosing suitable reference systems for assessing climate effects of bioenergy is limited. The reference system should align with the purpose of the study. Transparency of reference system assumptions is essential for proper interpretation of bioenergy assessments. This paper presentsmore » guidance for selecting suitable reference systems. Particular attention is given to choosing the land reference. If the goal is to study the climate effects of bioenergy as a part of total anthropogenic activity the reference system should illustrate what is expected in the absence of human activities. In such a case the suitable land reference is natural regeneration, and energy or material reference systems are not relevant. If the goal is to assess the effect of a change in bioenergy use, the reference system should incorporate human activities. In this case suitable reference systems describe the most likely alternative uses of the land, energy and materials in the absence of the change in bioenergy use. The definition of the reference system is furthermore subject to the temporal scope of the study. In practice, selecting and characterizing reference systems will involve various choices and uncertainties which should be considered carefully. As a result, it can be instructive to consider how alternative reference systems influence the results and conclusions drawn from bioenergy assessments.« less

Quantifying the climate effects of bioenergy – Choice of reference system

DOE PAGES

Koponen, Kati; Soimakallio, Sampo; Kline, Keith L.; ...

2017-06-27

In order to understand the climate effects of a bioenergy system, a comparison between the bioenergy system and a reference system is required. The reference system describes the situation that occurs in the absence of the bioenergy system with respect to the use of land, energy, and materials. The importance of reference systems is discussed in the literature but guidance on choosing suitable reference systems for assessing climate effects of bioenergy is limited. The reference system should align with the purpose of the study. Transparency of reference system assumptions is essential for proper interpretation of bioenergy assessments. This paper presentsmore » guidance for selecting suitable reference systems. Particular attention is given to choosing the land reference. If the goal is to study the climate effects of bioenergy as a part of total anthropogenic activity the reference system should illustrate what is expected in the absence of human activities. In such a case the suitable land reference is natural regeneration, and energy or material reference systems are not relevant. If the goal is to assess the effect of a change in bioenergy use, the reference system should incorporate human activities. In this case suitable reference systems describe the most likely alternative uses of the land, energy and materials in the absence of the change in bioenergy use. The definition of the reference system is furthermore subject to the temporal scope of the study. In practice, selecting and characterizing reference systems will involve various choices and uncertainties which should be considered carefully. As a result, it can be instructive to consider how alternative reference systems influence the results and conclusions drawn from bioenergy assessments.« less

39 CFR 501.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... limited to postage meters and PC Postage systems. (b) A postage meter is a Postal Service-approved Postage... this part refers to a postage meter. (c) PC Postage products are Postal Service-approved Postage Evidencing Systems that use a personal computer as an integral part of the system. PC Postage products may...

10 CFR 850.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vitro measure of the beryllium antigen-specific, cell-mediated immune response. Beryllium worker means a... particles. Immune response refers to the series of cellular events by which the immune system reacts to...

Actualizing sustainability: environmental policy for resilience in ecological systems

EPA Science Inventory

Society benefits from ecological systems in many ways. These benefits are often referred to as ecosystem services (MA 2005). Because these services matter to humans, they are critical to sustainability. Sustainability has many definitions, but for this chapter, we link our defi...

Satellite power system concept development and evaluation program. Volume 1: Technical assessment summary report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Candidate satellite power system (SPS) concepts were identified and evaluated in terms of technical and cost factors. A number of alternative technically feasible approaches and system concepts were investigated. A reference system was defined to facilitate economic, environmental, and societal assessments by the Department of Energy. All elements of the reference system were defined including the satellite and all its subsystems, the orbital construction and maintenance bases, all elements of the space transportation system, the ground receiving station, and the associated industrial facilities for manufacturing the required hardware. The reference conclusions and remaining issues are stated for the following topical areas: system definition; energy conversion and power management; power transmission and reception; structures, controls, and materials; construction and operations; and space transportation.

The fast iris image clarity evaluation based on Tenengrad and ROI selection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Shuqin; Han, Min; Cheng, Xu

2018-04-01

In iris recognition system, the clarity of iris image is an important factor that influences recognition effect. In the process of recognition, the blurred image may possibly be rejected by the automatic iris recognition system, which will lead to the failure of identification. Therefore it is necessary to evaluate the iris image definition before recognition. Considered the existing evaluation methods on iris image definition, we proposed a fast algorithm to evaluate the definition of iris image in this paper. In our algorithm, firstly ROI (Region of Interest) is extracted based on the reference point which is determined by using the feature of the light spots within the pupil, then Tenengrad operator is used to evaluate the iris image's definition. Experiment results show that, the iris image definition algorithm proposed in this paper could accurately distinguish the iris images of different clarity, and the algorithm has the merit of low computational complexity and more effectiveness.

7 CFR 62.208 - Publication of QSVP assessment status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (CONTINUED) LIVESTOCK, MEAT, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (QUALITY SYSTEMS VERIFICATION PROGRAMS) Quality Systems Verification Programs Definitions Service § 62.208 Publication of QSVP assessment status. Approved programs shall be posted for public reference on the ARC Branch Web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov...

7 CFR 62.208 - Publication of QSVP assessment status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (CONTINUED) LIVESTOCK, MEAT, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (QUALITY SYSTEMS VERIFICATION PROGRAMS) Quality Systems Verification Programs Definitions Service § 62.208 Publication of QSVP assessment status. Approved programs shall be posted for public reference on the ARC Branch Web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov...

7 CFR 62.208 - Publication of QSVP assessment status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (CONTINUED) LIVESTOCK, MEAT, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (QUALITY SYSTEMS VERIFICATION PROGRAMS) Quality Systems Verification Programs Definitions Service § 62.208 Publication of QSVP assessment status. Approved programs shall be posted for public reference on the ARC Branch Web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov...

7 CFR 62.208 - Publication of QSVP assessment status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (CONTINUED) LIVESTOCK, MEAT, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (QUALITY SYSTEMS VERIFICATION PROGRAMS) Quality Systems Verification Programs Definitions Service § 62.208 Publication of QSVP assessment status. Approved programs shall be posted for public reference on the ARC Branch Web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov...

7 CFR 62.208 - Publication of QSVP assessment status.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (CONTINUED) LIVESTOCK, MEAT, AND OTHER AGRICULTURAL COMMODITIES (QUALITY SYSTEMS VERIFICATION PROGRAMS) Quality Systems Verification Programs Definitions Service § 62.208 Publication of QSVP assessment status. Approved programs shall be posted for public reference on the ARC Branch Web site: http://www.ams.usda.gov...

Quantum reference frames and their applications to thermodynamics.

PubMed

Popescu, Sandu; Sainz, Ana Belén; Short, Anthony J; Winter, Andreas

2018-07-13

We construct a quantum reference frame, which can be used to approximately implement arbitrary unitary transformations on a system in the presence of any number of extensive conserved quantities, by absorbing any back action provided by the conservation laws. Thus, the reference frame at the same time acts as a battery for the conserved quantities. Our construction features a physically intuitive, clear and implementation-friendly realization. Indeed, the reference system is composed of the same types of subsystems as the original system and is finite for any desired accuracy. In addition, the interaction with the reference frame can be broken down into two-body terms coupling the system to one of the reference frame subsystems at a time. We apply this construction to quantum thermodynamic set-ups with multiple, possibly non-commuting conserved quantities, which allows for the definition of explicit batteries in such cases.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Foundations of quantum mechanics and their impact on contemporary society'. © 2018 The Author(s).

Evolving Systems of Care with Total Clinical Outcomes Management

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyons, John S.; Epstein, Richard A.; Jordan, Neil

2010-01-01

The current article proposes that further specification of the system of care concept is required. Based on the assertions that the system of care concept (a) refers to an ideal as opposed to an observable phenomenon, and (b) is engaged in offering transformational experiences, the authors propose that the system of care definition must be…

Fire severity classification: Uses and abuses

Treesearch

Theresa B. Jain; Russell T. Graham

2003-01-01

Burn severity (also referred to as fire severity) is not a single definition, but rather a concept and its classification is a function of the measured units unique to the system of interest. The systems include: flora and fauna, soil microbiology and hydrologic processes, atmospheric inputs, fire management, and society. Depending on the particular system of interest...

SPAR reference manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whetstone, W. D.

1976-01-01

The functions and operating rules of the SPAR system, which is a group of computer programs used primarily to perform stress, buckling, and vibrational analyses of linear finite element systems, were given. The following subject areas were discussed: basic information, structure definition, format system matrix processors, utility programs, static solutions, stresses, sparse matrix eigensolver, dynamic response, graphics, and substructure processors.

47 CFR 64.1600 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Aggregate information. The term “aggregate information” means collective data that relate to a group or... Signaling System 7 network. (d) Charge number. The term “charge number” refers to the delivery of the... Signaling System 7 network, that indicates whether the calling party authorizes presentation of the calling...

40 CFR 280.12 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... physical and chemical properties upon contact with one another for the design life of the tank system under... reason of thorough knowledge of the physical sciences and the principles of engineering and mathematics... UST systems located on the same property where the stored heating oil is used. Operational life refers...

Some problems concerned with the geodetic use of high precision altimeter data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lelgemann, D.

1976-01-01

The definition of the geoid in view of different height systems is discussed. A definition is suggested which makes it possible to take into account the influence of the unknown corrections to the various height systems on the solution of Stokes' problem. A solution to Stokes' problem with an accuracy of 10 cm is derived which allows the inclusion of the results of satellite geodesy. In addition equations are developed for the determination of spherical harmonies using altimeter measurements. The influence of the ellipticity of the reference surface is considered.

EDI system definition for a European medical device vigilance system.

PubMed

Doukidis, G; Pallikarakis, N; Pangalos, G; Vassilacopoulos, G; Pramataris, K

1996-01-01

EDI is expected to be the dominant form of business communication between organizations moving to the Electronic Commerce era of 2000. The healthcare sector is already using EDI in the hospital supply function as well as in the clinical area and the reimbursement process. In this paper, we examine the use of EDI in the healthcare administration sector and more specifically its application to the Medical Device Vigilance System. Firstly, the potential of this approach is examined, followed by the definition of the EDI System Reference Model and the specification of the required system architecture. Each of the architecture's components are then explained in more detail, followed by the most important implementation options relating to them.

Job Aid Manuals for Phase II--DESIGN of the Instructional Systems Development Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Russel E.; Farrell, Jean R.

Designed to supplement the descriptive authoring flowcharts presented in a companion volume, this manual includes specific guidance, examples, and other information referred to in the flowcharts for the implementation of the second phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD). The introductory section includes definitions;…

Job Aid Manuals for Phase I--ANALYZE of the Instructional Systems Development Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Russel E.; Farrell, Jean R.

Designed to supplement the descriptive authoring flowcharts in a companion volume, this manual includes specific guidance, examples, and other information referred to in the flowcharts for the implementation of the first phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD). The introductory section includes definitions; descriptions of…

47 CFR 24.5 - Terms and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... bands. National Geodetic Reference System (NGRS): The name given to all geodetic control data contained... processing system for all Wireless Radio Services. ULS supports electronic filing of all applications and... operating in the 1850-1890 MHz, 1930-1970 MHz, 2130-2150 MHz, and 2180-2200 MHz bands. Effective Radiated...

5 CFR 531.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Schedule or GS means the classification and pay system established under 5 U.S.C. chapter 51 and subchapter... officers (LEOs) receiving LEO special base rates are covered by the GS classification and pay system but... a break in service of more than 3 days. (See § 531.241.) Any reference to employees, grades...

5 CFR 531.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... Schedule or GS means the classification and pay system established under 5 U.S.C. chapter 51 and subchapter... officers (LEOs) receiving LEO special base rates are covered by the GS classification and pay system but... a break in service of more than 3 days. (See § 531.241.) Any reference to employees, grades...

5 CFR 531.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... Schedule or GS means the classification and pay system established under 5 U.S.C. chapter 51 and subchapter... officers (LEOs) receiving LEO special base rates are covered by the GS classification and pay system but... a break in service of more than 3 days. (See § 531.241.) Any reference to employees, grades...

5 CFR 531.203 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... Schedule or GS means the classification and pay system established under 5 U.S.C. chapter 51 and subchapter... officers (LEOs) receiving LEO special base rates are covered by the GS classification and pay system but... a break in service of more than 3 days. (See § 531.241.) Any reference to employees, grades...

Job Aid Manuals for Phase III--DEVELOP of the Instructional Systems Development Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schulz, Russel E.; Farrell, Jean R.

Designed to supplement the descriptive authoring flowcharts presented in a companion volume, this manual includes specific guidance, examples, and other information referred to in the flowcharts for the implementation of the third phase of the Instructional Systems Development Model (ISD). The introductory section includes definitions;…

Validity of administrative data claim-based methods for identifying individuals with diabetes at a population level.

PubMed

Southern, Danielle A; Roberts, Barbara; Edwards, Alun; Dean, Stafford; Norton, Peter; Svenson, Lawrence W; Larsen, Erik; Sargious, Peter; Lau, David C W; Ghali, William A

2010-01-01

This study assessed the validity of a widely-accepted administrative data surveillance methodology for identifying individuals with diabetes relative to three laboratory data reference standard definitions for diabetes. We used a combination of linked regional data (hospital discharge abstracts and physician data) and laboratory data to test the validity of administrative data surveillance definitions for diabetes relative to a laboratory data reference standard. The administrative discharge data methodology includes two definitions for diabetes: a strict administrative data definition of one hospitalization code or two physician claims indicating diabetes; and a more liberal definition of one hospitalization code or a single physician claim. The laboratory data, meanwhile, produced three reference standard definitions based on glucose levels +/- HbA1c levels. Sensitivities ranged from 68.4% to 86.9% for the administrative data definitions tested relative to the three laboratory data reference standards. Sensitivities were higher for the more liberal administrative data definition. Positive predictive values (PPV), meanwhile, ranged from 53.0% to 88.3%, with the liberal administrative data definition producing lower PPVs. These findings demonstrate the trade-offs of sensitivity and PPV for selecting diabetes surveillance definitions. Centralized laboratory data may be of value to future surveillance initiatives that use combined data sources to optimize case detection.

Reduced Precision Redundancy Applied to Arithmetic Operations in Field Programmable Gate Arrays for Satellite Control and Sensor Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

Figure 2. Definition of Attitude Angles and Torque Components in Spacecraft Reference Frame...Figure 5. PD controller in ideal three-axis-stabilized spacecraft ADCS. ................................16 Figure 6. Extract Position Angles function in...performance of spacecraft systems. Two categories of system architectures are discussed: recursive data management, found in feedback control systems; and

Definition of a 5-MW Reference Wind Turbine for Offshore System Development

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jonkman, J.; Butterfield, S.; Musial, W.

2009-02-01

This report describes a three-bladed, upwind, variable-speed, variable blade-pitch-to-feather-controlled multimegawatt wind turbine model developed by NREL to support concept studies aimed at assessing offshore wind technology.

"Monogamy" in Primates: Variability, Trends, and Synthesis: Introduction to special issue on Primate Monogamy.

PubMed

Díaz-Muñoz, Samuel L; Bales, Karen L

2016-03-01

This paper is the introduction to a special issue on "'Monogamy' in Primates: Variability, Trends, and Synthesis." The term "monogamy" has undergone redefinition over the years, and is now generally understood to refer to certain social characteristics rather than to genetic monogamy. However, even the term "social monogamy" is used loosely to refer to species which exhibit a spectrum of social structures, mating patterns, and breeding systems. Papers in this volume address key issues including whether or not our definitions of monogamy should change in order to better represent the social and mating behaviors that characterize wild primates; whether or not primate groups traditionally considered monogamous are actually so (by any definition); ways in which captive studies can contribute to our understanding of monogamy; and what selective pressures might have driven the evolution of monogamous and non-monogamous single female breeding systems. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

“Monogamy” in Primates: Variability, Trends and Synthesis

PubMed Central

Díaz-Muñoz, Samuel L.; Bales, Karen

2017-01-01

This paper is the introduction to a special issue on “'Monogamy' in Primates: Variability, Trends, and Synthesis”. The term “monogamy” has undergone redefinition over the years, and is now generally understood to refer to certain social characteristics rather than to genetic monogamy. However, even the term “social monogamy” is used loosely to refer to species which exhibit a spectrum of social structures, mating patterns, and breeding systems. Papers in this volume address key issues including whether or not our definitions of monogamy should change in order to better represent the social and mating behaviors that characterize wild primates; whether or not primate groups traditionally considered monogamous are actually so (by any definition); ways in which captive studies can contribute to our understanding of monogamy; and what selective pressures might have driven the evolution of monogamous and nonmonogamous single female breeding systems. PMID:26317875

Current Status of NASDA Terminology Database

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kato, Akira

2002-01-01

NASDA Terminology Database System provides the English and Japanese terms, abbreviations, definition and reference documents. Recent progress includes a service to provide abbreviation data from the NASDA Home Page, and publishing a revised NASDA bilingual dictionary. Our next efforts to improve the system are (1) to combine our data with the data of NASA THESAURUS, (2) to add terms from new academic and engineering fields that have begun to have relations with space activities, and (3) to revise the NASDA Definition List. To combine our data with the NASA THESAURUS database we must consider the difference between the database concepts. Further effort to select adequate terms is thus required. Terms must be added from other fields to deal with microgravity experiments, human factors and so on. Some examples of new terms to be added have been collected. To revise the NASDA terms definition list, NASA and ESA definition lists were surveyed and a general concept to revise the NASDA definition list was proposed. I expect these activities will contribute to the IAA dictionary.

Solar power satellite system definition study. Volume 3: Reference system description, phase 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

An analysis of the solar power satellite system is presented. The satellite solar energy conversion and microwave power transmission systems are discussed including the structure, power distribution, thermal control, and energy storage. Space construction and support systems are described including the work support facilities and construction equipment. An assessment of the space transportation system for the satellite and the ground receiving station is presented.

Primary care patients in the emergency department: who are they? A review of the definition of the 'primary care patient' in the emergency department.

PubMed

Bezzina, Andrew J; Smith, Peter B; Cromwell, David; Eagar, Kathy

2005-01-01

To review the definition of 'primary care' and 'inappropriate' patients in ED and develop a generally acceptable working definition of a 'primary care' presentation in ED. A Medline review of articles on primary care in ED and the definitions used. A total of 34 reviewed papers contained a proposed definition or comment on the definition for potential 'primary care', 'general practice', or 'inappropriate' patients in ED. A representative definition was developed premised on the common factors in these papers: low urgency/acuity--triage categories four or five in the Australasian Triage Scale, self-referred--by definition, patients referred by general practitioner/community primary medical services are not primary care cases because a primary care service has referred them on, presenting for a new episode of care (i.e. not a planned return because planned returns are not self-referred), unlikely to be admitted (in the opinion of Emergency Nurse interviewers) or ultimately not admitted. This definition can be applied either prospectively or retrospectively, depending on the purpose. Appropriateness must be considered in light of a legitimate role for ED in primary care and the balance of resources between primary care and emergency medicine in local settings.

12 CFR 619.9135 - Direct lender.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9135 Direct lender. The term direct lender refers to Farm Credit banks and associations (production credit associations, agricultural credit associations, and Federal land credit associations) authorized to lend to eligible...

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome.

PubMed

Robertson, Charles M; Coopersmith, Craig M

2006-04-01

The systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) is the body's response to an infectious or noninfectious insult. Although the definition of SIRS refers to it as an "inflammatory" response, it actually has pro- and anti-inflammatory components. This review outlines the pathophysiology of SIRS and highlights potential targets for future therapeutic intervention in patients with this complex entity.

Power Extension Package (PEP) system definition extension, orbital service module systems analysis study. Volume 11: PEP, cost, schedules, and work breakdown structure dictionary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

Cost scheduling and funding data are presented for the reference design of the power extension package. Major schedule milestones are correlated with current Spacelab flight dates. Funding distributions provide for minimum expenditure during the first year of the project.

17 CFR 145.0 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... INFORMATION § 145.0 Definitions. For the purposes of part 145 the following definitions are applicable: Assistant Secretary—refers to the Assistant Secretary of the Commission for FOI, Privacy and Sunshine Acts Compliance. Compliance staff—refers to the FOI, Privacy and Sunshine Acts Compliance staff of the Office of...

Space Station reference configuration description

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1984-01-01

The data generated by the Space Station Program Skunk Works over a period of 4 months which supports the definition of a Space Station reference configuration is documented. The data were generated to meet these objectives: (1) provide a focal point for the definition and assessment of program requirements; (2) establish a basis for estimating program cost; and (3) define a reference configuration in sufficient detail to allow its inclusion in the definition phase Request for Proposal (RFP).

Document for 270 Voltage Direct Current (270 V dc) System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1992-09-01

The paper presents the technical design and application information established by the SAE Aerospace Recommended Practice concerning the generation, distribution, control, and utilization of aircraft 270 V dc electrical power systems and support equipment. Also presented are references and definitions making it possible to compare various electrical systems and components. A diagram of the generic 270 V Direct Current High-Voltage Direct System is included.

Situational Context Affects Definiteness Preferences: Accommodation of Presuppositions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clifton, Charles, Jr.

2013-01-01

In 4 experiments, we used self-paced reading and eye tracking to demonstrate that readers are, under some conditions, sensitive to the presuppositions of definite versus indefinite determiner phrases (DPs). Reading was faster when the context stereotypically provided a single possible referent for a definite DP or multiple possible referents for…

Reference Frames in Earth Rotation Theories

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrándiz, José M.; Belda, Santiago; Heinkelmann, Robert; Getino, Juan; Schuh, Harald; Escapa, Alberto

2015-04-01

Nowadays the determination of the Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) and the different Terrestrial Reference Frames (TRF) are not independent. The available theories of Earth rotation aims at providing the orientation of a certain reference system linked somehow to the Earth with respect to a given celestial system, considered as inertial. In the past years a considerable effort has been dedicated to the improvement of the TRF realizations, following the lines set up in the 1980's. However, the reference systems used in the derivation of the theories have been rather considered as something fully established, not deserving a special attention. In this contribution we review the definitions of the frames used in the main theoretical approaches, focusing on those used in the construction of IAU2000, and the extent to which their underlying hypotheses hold. The results are useful to determine the level of consistency of the predicted and determined EOP.

[Definition and specification requirements for PAC-systems (picture archiving and communication system). A performance index with reference to the standard "IEEE Recommended Practice for Software Requirement Specifications"].

PubMed

König, H; Klose, K J

1999-04-01

The formulation of requirements is necessary to control the goals of a PACS project. Furthermore, in this way, the scope of functionality necessary to support radiological working processes becomes clear. Definitions of requirements and specification are formulated independently of systems according to the IEEE standard "Recommended Practice for Software Requirements Specifications". Definitions are given in the Request for Information, specifications in the Request for Proposal. Functional and non-functional requirements are distinguished. The solutions are rated with respect to scope, appropriateness and quality of implementation. A PACS checklist was created according to the methods described above. It is published on the homepage of the "Arbeitsgemeinschaft Informationstechnologie" (AGIT) within the "Deutsche Röntgengesellschaft" (DRG) (http://www.uni-marburg.de/mzr/agit). The checklist provides a discussion forum which should contribute to an agreement on accepted basic PACS functionalities.

Applying systems biology to biomedical research and health care: a précising definition of systems medicine.

PubMed

Schleidgen, Sebastian; Fernau, Sandra; Fleischer, Henrike; Schickhardt, Christoph; Oßa, Ann-Kristin; Winkler, Eva C

2017-11-21

Systems medicine has become a key word in biomedical research. Although it is often referred to as P4-(predictive, preventive, personalized and participatory)-medicine, it still lacks a clear definition and is open to interpretation. This conceptual lack of clarity complicates the scientific and public discourse on chances, risks and limits of Systems Medicine and may lead to unfounded hopes. Against this background, our goal was to develop a sufficiently precise and widely acceptable definition of Systems Medicine. In a first step, PubMed was searched using the keyword "systems medicine". A data extraction tabloid was developed putting forward a means/ends-division. Full-texts of articles containing Systems Medicine in title or abstract were screened for definitions. Definitions were extracted; their semantic elements were assigned as either means or ends. To reduce complexity of the resulting list, summary categories were developed inductively. In a second step, we applied six criteria for adequate definitions (necessity, non-circularity, non-redundancy, consistency, non-vagueness, and coherence) to these categories to derive a so-called précising definition of Systems Medicine. We identified 185 articles containing the term Systems Medicine in title or abstract. 67 contained at least one definition of Systems Medicine. In 98 definitions, we found 114 means and 132 ends. From these we derived the précising definition: Systems Medicine is an approach seeking to improve medical research (i.e. the understanding of complex processes occurring in diseases, pathologies and health states as well as innovative approaches to drug discovery) and health care (i.e. prevention, prediction, diagnosis and treatment) through stratification by means of Systems Biology (i.e. data integration, modeling, experimentation and bioinformatics). Our study also revealed the visionary character of Systems Medicine. Our insights, on the one hand, allow for a realistic identification of actual ethical as well as legal issues arising in the context of Systems Medicine and, in consequence, for a realistic debate of questions concerning its matter and (future) handling. On the other hand, they help avoiding unfounded hopes and unrealistic expectations. This especially holds for goals like improving patient participation which are intensely debated in the context of Systems Medicine, however not implied in the concept.

Teaching Conversations with the XDS Sigma 7. System Users Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mosmann, Charles; Bork, Alfred M.

This manual is intended as a reference handbook for use in writing instructional dialogs on the Sigma-7 computer. The concern is to give concise information which one would need to write and debug dialogs on this system. Metasymbol, the macro-assembly program for the Sigma-7, is described. Definitions of terminology, legal forms descriptions of…

Validation of a case definition to define chronic dialysis using outpatient administrative data.

PubMed

Clement, Fiona M; James, Matthew T; Chin, Rick; Klarenbach, Scott W; Manns, Braden J; Quinn, Robert R; Ravani, Pietro; Tonelli, Marcello; Hemmelgarn, Brenda R

2011-03-01

Administrative health care databases offer an efficient and accessible, though as-yet unvalidated, approach to studying outcomes of patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The objective of this study is to determine the validity of outpatient physician billing derived algorithms for defining chronic dialysis compared to a reference standard ESRD registry. A cohort of incident dialysis patients (Jan. 1-Dec. 31, 2008) and prevalent chronic dialysis patients (Jan 1, 2008) was selected from a geographically inclusive ESRD registry and administrative database. Four administrative data definitions were considered: at least 1 outpatient claim, at least 2 outpatient claims, at least 2 outpatient claims at least 90 days apart, and continuous outpatient claims at least 90 days apart with no gap in claims greater than 21 days. Measures of agreement of the four administrative data definitions were compared to a reference standard (ESRD registry). Basic patient characteristics are compared between all 5 patient groups. 1,118,097 individuals formed the overall population and 2,227 chronic dialysis patients were included in the ESRD registry. The three definitions requiring at least 2 outpatient claims resulted in kappa statistics between 0.60-0.80 indicating "substantial" agreement. "At least 1 outpatient claim" resulted in "excellent" agreement with a kappa statistic of 0.81. Of the four definitions, the simplest (at least 1 outpatient claim) performed comparatively to other definitions. The limitations of this work are the billing codes used are developed in Canada, however, other countries use similar billing practices and thus the codes could easily be mapped to other systems. Our reference standard ESRD registry may not capture all dialysis patients resulting in some misclassification. The registry is linked to on-going care so this is likely to be minimal. The definition utilized will vary with the research objective.

12 CFR 202.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... creditor shall exercise reasonable diligence in obtaining such information. (g) Business credit refers to... system (including, but not limited to, minimizing bad debt losses and operating expenses in accordance... principles and methodology and adjusted as necessary to maintain predictive ability. (2) A creditor may use...

On the Equivalence of Formal Grammars and Machines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lund, Bruce

1991-01-01

Explores concepts of formal language and automata theory underlying computational linguistics. A computational formalism is described known as a "logic grammar," with which computational systems process linguistic data, with examples in declarative and procedural semantics and definite clause grammars. (13 references) (CB)

Serum proteins by capillary zone electrophoresis: approaches to the definition of reference values.

PubMed

Petrini, C; Alessio, M G; Scapellato, L; Brambilla, S; Franzini, C

1999-10-01

The Paragon CZE 2000 (Beckman Analytical, Milan, Italy) is an automatic dedicated capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) system, producing a five-zone serum protein pattern with quantitative estimation of the zones. With the view of substituting this instrument for two previously used serum protein electrophoresis techniques, we planned to produce reference values for the "new" systems leading to compatible interpretation of the results. High resolution cellulose acetate electrophoresis with visual inspection and descriptive reporting (HR-CAE) and five-zone cellulose acetate electrophoresis with densitometry (CAE-D) were the previously used techniques. Serum samples (n = 167) giving "normal pattern" with HR-CAE were assayed with the CZE system, and the results were statistically assessed to yield 0.95 reference intervals. One thousand normal and pathological serum samples were then assayed with the CAE-D and the CZE techniques, and the regression equations of the CAE-D values over the CZE values for the five zones were used to transform the CAE-D reference limits into the CZE reference limits. The two sets of reference values thereby produced were in good agreement with each other and also with reference values previously reported for the CZE system. Thus, reference values for the CZE techniques permit interpretation of results coherent with the previously used techniques and reporting modes.

The Determination of Earth Orientation by VLBI and GNSS: Principles and Results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capitaine, Nicole

2017-10-01

The Earth Orientation Parameters (EOP) connect the International Terrestrial Reference System (ITRS) to the Geocentric Celestial Reference System (GCRS). These parameters, i.e., Universal Time, UT1, and pole coordinates in the ITRS and in the GCRS, describe the irregularities of the Earth's rotation. They are mainly determined by two modern astro-geodetic techniques, VLBI (Very Long Baseline Radio Interferometry) on extragalactic radio sources, which is used to realize and maintain the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS), and Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS), especially GPS (Global Positioning System), which has an important contribution to the realization of the ITRS. The aim of this presentation is twofold: to present the modern bases for the consider- ation of Earth orientation and to discuss how the principles of VLBI and GPS give access to the measure of different components of the EOP variations, especially UT1. The accuracy that can be achieved is based on the improved concepts, definitions, and models that have been adopted by IAU/IUGG resolutions on reference systems and Earth's rotation, as well as on the refined strategy of the observations.

Application of Energy Integration Techniques to the Design of Advanced Life Support Systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levri, Julie; Finn, Cory

2000-01-01

Exchanging heat between hot and cold streams within an advanced life support system can save energy. This savings will reduce the equivalent system mass (ESM) of the system. Different system configurations are examined under steady-state conditions for various percentages of food growth and waste treatment. The scenarios investigated represent possible design options for a Mars reference mission. Reference mission definitions are drawn from the ALSS Modeling and Analysis Reference Missions Document, which includes definitions for space station evolution, Mars landers, and a Mars base. For each scenario, streams requiring heating or cooling are identified and characterized by mass flow, supply and target temperatures and heat capacities. The Pinch Technique is applied to identify good matches for energy exchange between the hot and cold streams and to calculate the minimum external heating and cooling requirements for the system. For each pair of hot and cold streams that are matched, there will be a reduction in the amount of external heating and cooling required, and the original heating and cooling equipment will be replaced with a heat exchanger. The net cost savings can be either positive or negative for each stream pairing, and the priority for implementing each pairing can be ranked according to its potential cost savings. Using the Pinch technique, a complete system heat exchange network is developed and heat exchangers are sized to allow for calculation of ESM. The energy-integrated design typically has a lower total ESM than the original design with no energy integration. A comparison of ESM savings in each of the scenarios is made to direct future Pinch Analysis efforts.

A minimum drives automatic target definition procedure for multi-axis random control testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musella, Umberto; D'Elia, Giacomo; Carrella, Alex; Peeters, Bart; Mucchi, Emiliano; Marulo, Francesco; Guillaume, Patrick

2018-07-01

Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) vibration control tests are able to closely replicate, via shakers excitation, the vibration environment that a structure needs to withstand during its operational life. This feature is fundamental to accurately verify the experienced stress state, and ultimately the fatigue life, of the tested structure. In case of MIMO random tests, the control target is a full reference Spectral Density Matrix in the frequency band of interest. The diagonal terms are the Power Spectral Densities (PSDs), representative for the acceleration operational levels, and the off-diagonal terms are the Cross Spectral Densities (CSDs). The specifications of random vibration tests are however often given in terms of PSDs only, coming from a legacy of single axis testing. Information about the CSDs is often missing. An accurate definition of the CSD profiles can further enhance the MIMO random testing practice, as these terms influence both the responses and the shaker's voltages (the so-called drives). The challenges are linked to the algebraic constraint that the full reference matrix must be positive semi-definite in the entire bandwidth, with no flexibility in modifying the given PSDs. This paper proposes a newly developed method that automatically provides the full reference matrix without modifying the PSDs, considered as test specifications. The innovative feature is the capability of minimizing the drives required to match the reference PSDs and, at the same time, to directly guarantee that the obtained full matrix is positive semi-definite. The drives minimization aims on one hand to reach the fixed test specifications without stressing the delicate excitation system; on the other hand it potentially allows to further increase the test levels. The detailed analytic derivation and implementation steps of the proposed method are followed by real-life testing considering different scenarios.

Towards a first realization of the International Height Reference System (IHRS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanchez, Laura; Ihde, Johannes; Pail, Roland; Gruber, Thomas; Barzaghi, Riccardo; Marti, Urs; Agren, Jonas; Sideris, Michael; Novak, Pavel

2017-04-01

The IAG Resolution No. 1 released during the IUGG 2015 General Assembly outlines five conventions for the definition of the International Height Reference System (IHRS). The definition is given in terms of potential parameters: the vertical coordinates are geopotential numbers referring to an equipotential surface of the Earth's gravity field realized by the conventional value W0 = 62 636 853.4 m2s-2. The spatial reference of the position P for the potential W(P) = W(X) is given by coordinates X of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF). This Resolution also states that parameters, observations, and data shall be related to the mean tidal system/mean crust. At present, the main challenge is the realization of the IHRS; i.e., the establishment of the International Height Reference Frame (IHRF). It is expected that the IHRF follows the same structure as the ITRF: a global network with regional and national densifications, whose geopotential numbers referring to the global IHRS are known. According to the GGOS objectives, the target accuracy of these global geopotential numbers is 1 x 10-2 m2s-2. In practice, the precise realization of the IHRS is limited by different aspects; for instance, no unified standards or methods for the determination of the potential values W(P); application of different conventions for the gravity field modelling and the estimation of the position vectors X; inhomogeneous distribution of the geodetic infrastructure; restricted accessibility to terrestrial gravity data to increase the GGM resolution; insufficient modelling of geodynamic phenomena, etc. This may restrict the expected accuracy of 1 x 10-2 m2s-2 to some orders lower (from 10 x 10-2 m2s-2 to 100 x 10-2 m2s-2). This contribution discusses the required steps to outline a sustainable realization of the IHRS.

Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen paradox implies a minimum achievable temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rogers, David M.

2017-01-01

This work examines the thermodynamic consequences of the repeated partial projection model for coupling a quantum system to an arbitrary series of environments under feedback control. This paper provides observational definitions of heat and work that can be realized in current laboratory setups. In contrast to other definitions, it uses only properties of the environment and the measurement outcomes, avoiding references to the "measurement" of the central system's state in any basis. These definitions are consistent with the usual laws of thermodynamics at all temperatures, while never requiring complete projective measurement of the entire system. It is shown that the back action of measurement must be counted as work rather than heat to satisfy the second law. Comparisons are made to quantum jump (unravelling) and transition-probability based definitions, many of which appear as particular limits of the present model. These limits show that our total entropy production is a lower bound on traditional definitions of heat that trace out the measurement device. Examining the master equation approximation to the process at finite measurement rates, we show that most interactions with the environment make the system unable to reach absolute zero. We give an explicit formula for the minimum temperature achievable in repeatedly measured quantum systems. The phenomenon of minimum temperature offers an explanation of recent experiments aimed at testing fluctuation theorems in the quantum realm and places a fundamental purity limit on quantum computers.

Event-Driven Process Chains (EPC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mendling, Jan

This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of Event-driven Process Chains (EPCs) and introduces a novel definition of EPC semantics. EPCs became popular in the 1990s as a conceptual business process modeling language in the context of reference modeling. Reference modeling refers to the documentation of generic business operations in a model such as service processes in the telecommunications sector, for example. It is claimed that reference models can be reused and adapted as best-practice recommendations in individual companies (see [230, 168, 229, 131, 400, 401, 446, 127, 362, 126]). The roots of reference modeling can be traced back to the Kölner Integrationsmodell (KIM) [146, 147] that was developed in the 1960s and 1970s. In the 1990s, the Institute of Information Systems (IWi) in Saarbrücken worked on a project with SAP to define a suitable business process modeling language to document the processes of the SAP R/3 enterprise resource planning system. There were two results from this joint effort: the definition of EPCs [210] and the documentation of the SAP system in the SAP Reference Model (see [92, 211]). The extensive database of this reference model contains almost 10,000 sub-models: 604 of them non-trivial EPC business process models. The SAP Reference model had a huge impact with several researchers referring to it in their publications (see [473, 235, 127, 362, 281, 427, 415]) as well as motivating the creation of EPC reference models in further domains including computer integrated manufacturing [377, 379], logistics [229] or retail [52]. The wide-spread application of EPCs in business process modeling theory and practice is supported by their coverage in seminal text books for business process management and information systems in general (see [378, 380, 49, 384, 167, 240]). EPCs are frequently used in practice due to a high user acceptance [376] and extensive tool support. Some examples of tools that support EPCs are ARIS Toolset by IDS Scheer AG, AENEIS by ATOSS Software AG, ADONIS by BOC GmbH, Visio by Microsoft Corp., Nautilus by Gedilan Consulting GmbH, and Bonapart by Pikos GmbH. In order to facilitate the interchange of EPC business process models between these tools, there is a tool neutral interchange format called EPC Markup Language (EPML) [283, 285, 286, 287, 289, 290, 291].

RDTC [Restricted Data Transmission Controller] global variable definitions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grambihler, A.J.; O`Callaghan, P.B.

The purpose of the Restricted Data Transmission Controller (RDTC) is to demonstrate a methodology for transmitting data between computers which have different levels of classification. The RDTC does this by logically filtering the data being transmitted between the two computers. This prototype is set up to filter data from the classified computer so that only numeric data is passed to the unclassified computer. The RDTC allows all data from the unclassified computer to be sent to the classified computer. The classified system is referred to as LUA and the unclassified system is referred to as LUB. 9 tabs.

12 CFR 619.9185 - Funding Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Funding Corporation. 619.9185 Section 619.9185 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9185 Funding Corporation. The term Funding Corporation refers to the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation...

12 CFR 619.9185 - Funding Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Funding Corporation. 619.9185 Section 619.9185 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9185 Funding Corporation. The term Funding Corporation refers to the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation...

12 CFR 619.9185 - Funding Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Funding Corporation. 619.9185 Section 619.9185 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9185 Funding Corporation. The term Funding Corporation refers to the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation...

12 CFR 619.9185 - Funding Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Funding Corporation. 619.9185 Section 619.9185 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9185 Funding Corporation. The term Funding Corporation refers to the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation...

12 CFR 619.9185 - Funding Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Funding Corporation. 619.9185 Section 619.9185 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9185 Funding Corporation. The term Funding Corporation refers to the Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation...

24 CFR 85.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., with or without a fee. Equipment means tangible, nonexpendable, personal property having a useful life... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

44 CFR 13.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., with or without a fee. Equipment means tangible, nonexpendable, personal property having a useful life... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

7 CFR 3016.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... without a fee. Equipment means tangible, nonexpendable, personal property having a useful life of more... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

29 CFR 97.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... without a fee. Equipment means tangible, nonexpendable, personal property having a useful life of more... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

10 CFR 850.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... Beryllium article means a manufactured item that is formed to a specific shape or design during manufacture... particles. Immune response refers to the series of cellular events by which the immune system reacts to... medical removal from beryllium areas following a recommendation by the Site Occupational Medicine Director...

Origins Space Telescope: Science Case and Design Reference Mission for Concept 1

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meixner, Margaret; Cooray, Asantha; Pope, Alexandra; Armus, Lee; Vieira, Joaquin Daniel; Milam, Stefanie N.; Melnick, Gary; Leisawitz, David; Staguhn, Johannes G.; Bergin, Edwin; Origins Space Telescope Science and Technology Definition Team

2018-01-01

The Origins Space Telescope (OST) is the mission concept for the Far-Infrared Surveyor, one of the four science and technology definition studies of NASA Headquarters for the 2020 Astronomy and Astrophysics Decadal survey. The science case for OST covers four themes: Tracing the Signature of Life and the Ingredients of Habitable Worlds; Charting the Rise of Metals, Dust and the First Galaxies, Unraveling the Co-evolution of Black Holes and Galaxies and Understanding Our Solar System in the Context of Planetary System Formation. Using a set of proposed observing programs from the community, we estimate a design reference mission for OST mission concept 1. The mission will complete significant programs in these four themes and have time for other programs from the community. Origins will enable flagship-quality general observing programs led by the astronomical community in the 2030s. We welcome you to contact the Science and Technology Definition Team (STDT) with your science needs and ideas by emailing us at ost_info@lists.ipac.caltech.edu.

Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study (Exhibit D). Volume 6, part 1: Cost and Programmatics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanley, G. M.

1981-01-01

A summary of the cost data reviewed as well as conclusions and recommendations are presented. Cost and programmatic aspects of Rockwell's SPS CR-2 reference configuration were based on the results of several contracts with NASA and independent company-sponsored activities by the Space Operations and Satellite Systems Division of Rockwell International.

Apollo experience report guidance and control systems: Lunar module abort guidance system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kurten, P. M.

1975-01-01

The history of a unique development program that produced an operational fixed guidance system of inertial quality is presented. Each phase of development, beginning with requirement definition and concluding with qualification and testing, is addressed, and developmental problems are emphasized. Software generation and mission operations are described, and specifications for the inertial reference unit are included, as are flight performance results. Significant program observations are noted.

MILSCAP: Military Standard Contract Administration Procedures

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-02-01

Materiel Command, use the Commodity Command Standard System (CCSS) and issue Procurement Automated Document and Distribution System ( PADDS ) generated ...i Table of Contents Acronyms and Abbreviations xi References xv Definitions and Terms xvii CHAPTER 1 - ADMINISTRATIVE AND GENERAL A. Authority 1-1 B...2 - SYSTM CONCEPT A. General 2-1 B. Provisions 2-1 C. Overall System Description 2-2 D. Relationship of Certain FAR and DFARS Provisions to MILSCAP 2

On the Definition of Aberration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Minghui; Wang, Guangli

2014-12-01

There was a groundbreaking step in the history of astronomy in 1728 when the effect of aberration was discovered by James Bradley (1693-1762). Recently, the solar acceleration, due to the variations in the aberrational effect of extragalactic sources caused by it, has been determined from VLBI observations with an uncertainty of about 0.5 mm{\\cdot}{s^{-1}}{\\cdot}{yr^{-1}} level. As a basic concept in astrometry with a nearly 300-year history, the definition of aberration, however, is still equivocal and discordant in the literature. It has been under continuing debate whether it depends on the relative motion between the observer and the observed source or only on the motion of the observer with respect to the frame of reference. In this paper, we will review the debate and the inconsistency in the definition of the aberration since the last century, and then discuss its definition in detail, which involves the discussions on the planetary aberration, the stellar aberration, the proper motion of an object during the travel time of light from the object to the observer, and the way of selecting the reference frame to express and distinguish the motions of the source and the observer. The aberration is essentially caused by the transformation between coordinate systems, and consequently quantified by the velocity of the observer with respect to the selected reference frame, independent of the motion of the source. Obviously, this nature is totally different from that of the definition given by the IAU WG NFA (Capitaine, 2007) in 2006, which is stated as, ``the apparent angular displacement of the observed position of a celestial object from its geometric position, caused by the finite velocity of light in combination with the motions of the observer and of the observed object.''

Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study, exhibit C. Volume 2, part 2: System engineering, cost and programmatics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanley, G. M.

1979-01-01

Volume 2, Part 2, of a seven volume Satellite Power Systems (SPS) report is presented. Part 2 covers cost and programmatics and is divided into four sections. The first section gives illustrations of the SPS reference satellite and rectenna concept, and an overall scenario for SPS space transportation involvement. The second section presents SPS program plans for the implementation of PHASE C/D activities. These plans describe SPS program schedules and networks, critical items of systems evolution/technology development, and the natural resources analysis. The fourth section presents summary comments on the methods and rationale followed in arriving at the results documented. Suggestions are also provided in those areas where further analysis or evaluation will enhance SPS cost and programmatic definitions.

Solar power satellite system definition study. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

Configuration concepts, option sizes, and systems definitions study design evolutions are reviewed. The main features of the present reference design silicon solar cell solar power satellite are described, as well as the provisions for space construction and support systems. The principal study accomplishments and conclusions are summarized according to the following tasks: (1) baseline critique; (2) construction and maintenance; (3) industrial complex needs, cost estimates, and production capacity; (4) launch complex requirements at KSC or at an offshore facility; (5) integration of the SPS/ground power network; (6) technology advancement and development; (7) costs and schedules; and (8) exploratory technology: laser annealing of solar cells degraded by proton irradiation, and a fiber-optic phase distribution link at 980 MHz.

Basic research for the Earth dynamics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

The technique of range differencing with Lageos ranges to obtain more accurate estimates of baseline lengths and polar motion variation was studied. Differencing quasi simultaneous range observations eliminate a great deal of orbital biases. Progress is reported on the definition and maintenance of a conventional terrestrial reference system.

Strategies for Learners with Special Needs in Automobile Mechanics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Missouri LINC.

This Vocational Instructional Management System (VIMS) module illustrates instructional and cognitive strategies that can be used to teach and learn vocational competencies in automobile mechanics. Seven definitions, seven frequently asked questions, and nine references are included. The following questions are answered: Is it important to teach…

40 CFR 1068.95 - What materials does this part reference?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the Society of Automotive Engineers that we have... the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://www.sae... SAE J1930, Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms...

40 CFR 1068.95 - What materials does this part reference?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the Society of Automotive Engineers that we have... the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://www.sae... SAE J1930, Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms...

40 CFR 1068.95 - What materials does this part reference?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the Society of Automotive Engineers that we have... the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://www.sae... SAE J1930, Electrical/Electronic Systems Diagnostic Terms, Definitions, Abbreviations, and Acronyms...

Coordinated Control of a Planar Dual-Crane Non-Fully Restrained System

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

Support Over-The-Shore (HSOTS) 2007 in Puerto Quetzal , Guatemala. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30 Figure 27. Reference frame and coordinate definitions...2007 in Puerto Quetzal , Guatemala. 30 require the construction an inverse of the Jacobian, but rather the transpose only. It is noted that the effector

Satellite Power Systems (SPS) concept definition study, exhibit C. Volume 4: Transportation analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanley, G. M.

1979-01-01

Volume 4 of a seven volume Satellite Power Systems (SPS) is presented. This volume is divided into the following sections: (1) transportation systems elements; (2) transportation systems requirements; (3) heavy lift launch vehicles (HLLV); (4) LEO-GEO transportation; (5) on-orbit mobility systems; (6) personnel transfer systems; and (7) cost and programmatics. Three appendixes are also provided and they include: horizontal takeoff (single stage to orbit technical summary); HLLV reference vehicle trajectory and trade study data; and electric orbital transfer vehicle sizing.

Surveillance of congenital rubella and rubella infections in pregnancy in EU/EEA countries, 2012: Current status and future perspective to monitor elimination.

PubMed

Giambi, C; Montaño-Remacha, C; Celentano, L Pastore; Derrough, T

2015-09-11

Rubella elimination and congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) prevention are targets for achievement by 2015 in the WHO-EURO Region. This paper describes the existing surveillance systems for CRS and rubella in pregnancy in order to critically interpret the findings in relation to the 2012 WHO-EURO surveillance guidelines. In 2012 we conducted a survey to collect information on surveillance of CRS and rubella in pregnancy in 29 EU/EEA countries. Questionnaires explored the characteristics of the surveillance systems, case definition, epidemiological investigation and follow-up of cases, reference laboratories and types of tests performed. Twenty-eight countries had surveillance systems for CRS, mostly nationwide, mandatory, passive and case-based; 23 collected information on the origin of the infection; 11 reported asymptomatic infections; 6 required zero-reporting. Case definitions varied among countries, although 24 used the EU definition. Laboratories reported cases in 18 countries. Twenty countries collected information on pregnancy within the rubella surveillance system and 5 had specific surveillance for rubella in pregnancy. Two countries did not monitor outcomes of suspected infections in pregnancy; infants with CRS were monitored in all the remaining countries; asymptomatic infected infants in 15; stillbirths and fetal deaths in 13; therapeutic and spontaneous abortions in 8 and 7. Twenty-seven countries had a national reference laboratory for CRS and rubella in pregnancy; genotyping was performed in 15. The current surveillance systems allow adequate CRS monitoring in EU. Further efforts are needed to improve their quality, including uniform case definitions, collection of information on the origin of infection, and promotion of reporting from laboratories. Follow-up of pregnant women with suspected infection should be strengthened because it is an entry point for CRS, including detection of fetal deaths, stillbirths and abortions. Laboratory capacity for confirming congenital rubella infections and infections in pregnancy is good in EU, however the use of genotyping should be encouraged. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Situational Context Affects Definiteness Preferences: Accommodation of Presuppositions

PubMed Central

Clifton, Charles

2013-01-01

Four experiments used self-paced reading and eyetracking to demonstrate that readers are, under some conditions, sensitive to the presuppositions of definite vs. indefinite DPs (determiner phrases). Reading was faster when the context stereotypically provided a single possible referent for a definite DP or multiple possible referents for an indefinite DP than when context and DP definiteness were mismatched. This finding goes beyond previous evidence that definite DPs are processed more rapidly than indefinite DPs when there is a unique or familiar referent in the context, showing that readers are sensitive to the semantics and pragmatics of (in)definiteness. However, the finding was obtained only when readers had to perform a simple arithmetic task between reading a sentence and seeing a question about it. The intervening task may have encouraged them to process the sentence more deeply in order to form a representation that would persist while doing the arithmetic. The methodological implications of this observation are discussed. PMID:22732029

Definite Discourse--New Reference in L1 and L2: A Study of Bridging in Mandarin, Korean, and English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crosthwaite, Peter Robert

2014-01-01

Definite expressions may be used to introduce a referent into discourse when their familiarity between speaker and listener can be inferred, a strategy known as bridging. However, for a number of reasons, bridging may be difficult to acquire compared to the acquisition of indefinite introductions for noninferable referent types, with the native…

OWL references in ORM conceptual modelling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Matula, Jiri; Belunek, Roman; Hunka, Frantisek

2017-07-01

Object Role Modelling methodology is the fact-based type of conceptual modelling. The aim of the paper is to emphasize a close connection to OWL documents and its possible mutual cooperation. The definition of entities or domain values is an indispensable part of the conceptual schema design procedure defined by the ORM methodology. Many of these entities are already defined in OWL documents. Therefore, it is not necessary to declare entities again, whereas it is possible to utilize references from OWL documents during modelling of information systems.

School Finance Adequacy: What Is It and How Do We Measure It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Picus, Lawrence O.

2001-01-01

Discusses legal definition of school-finance "adequacy" and four methods for determining the cost of an adequate system: Cost function, observational methods, professional judgment, and costs of a comprehensive school design. Draws implications for school districts' resource-allocation decisions based on adequacy. (Contains 21 references.) (PKP)

Orbital construction demonstration study. Volume 2: Technical

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1977-01-01

The following items are discussed in reference to OCDA requirements; (1) flight mechanics and control, (2) effects of sun angle, (3) disturbance torques, (4) control system requirements, (5) OCDA orbit decay profile, and (6) aerodynamic drag forces. Structural design requirements are also given as well as basic design definition.

49 CFR 1007.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Officer refers to the individual designated to process requests and handle various other matters relating... finger or voice print or a photograph. Statistical Record means a record in a system of records maintained for statistical research or reporting purposes only and not used in whole or in part in making any...

The Descriptive Challenges of Fiber Art.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lunin, Lois F.

1990-01-01

A definition of fiber art, its history, materials and techniques, vocabularies, and creators and users of those vocabularies offer background for understanding the problems in preparing surrogates of this relatively recent art form for text and image databases. Four examples of fiber image information systems are described. (32 references) (EAM)

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

40 CFR 160.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... under FIFRA sections 3, 4 or 24(c). (2) An application for an experimental use permit under FIFRA... distribution of a pesticide. Batch means a specific quantity or lot of a test, control, or reference substance... to a test system. Control substance means any chemical substance or mixture, or any other material...

MOVEMENT BEHAVIOR AND MOTOR LEARNING. SECOND EDITION.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CRATTY, BRYANT J.

TO BRING TOGETHER DATA RELEVANT TO THE UNDERSTANDING OF HUMAN MOVEMENT WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO LEARNING, THE TEXT SURVEYS THE CONCERN OF SEVERAL DISCIPLINES WITH MOTOR BEHAVIOR AND LEARNING. WORDS AND DEFINITIONS ARE ESTABLISHED, AND THE EVOLUTION OF THE HUMAN ACTION SYSTEM IS DISCUSSED. A CONSIDERATION OF PERCEPTION TREATS THE PROCESS OF…

34 CFR 80.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

43 CFR 12.43 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

49 CFR 18.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

28 CFR 66.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

45 CFR 1174.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

22 CFR 135.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

45 CFR 1157.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

45 CFR 1183.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means documentation...

40 CFR 192.31 - Definitions and cross-references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions and cross-references. 192.31 Section 192.31 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) RADIATION... as practicable considering technological feasibility means as quickly as possible considering: the...

40 CFR 192.31 - Definitions and cross-references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 26 2012-07-01 2011-07-01 true Definitions and cross-references. 192.31 Section 192.31 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) RADIATION... as practicable considering technological feasibility means as quickly as possible considering: the...

40 CFR 192.31 - Definitions and cross-references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions and cross-references. 192.31 Section 192.31 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) RADIATION... as practicable considering technological feasibility means as quickly as possible considering: the...

Future space transportation systems analysis study. Phase 1 extension: Transportation systems reference data, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

Transportation mass requirements are developed for various mission and transportation modes based on vehicle systems sized to fit the exact needs of each mission. The parametric data used to derive the mass requirements for each mission and transportation mode are presented to enable accommodation of possible changes in mode options or payload definitions. The vehicle sizing and functional requirements used to derive the parametric data are described.

System Engineering Issues for Avionics Survival in the Space Environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pavelitz, Steven

1999-01-01

This paper examines how the system engineering process influences the design of a spacecraft's avionics by considering the space environment. Avionics are susceptible to the thermal, radiation, plasma, and meteoroids/orbital debris environments. The environment definitions for various spacecraft mission orbits (LEO/low inclination, LEO/Polar, MEO, HEO, GTO, GEO and High ApogeeElliptical) are discussed. NASA models and commercial software used for environment analysis are reviewed. Applicability of technical references, such as NASA TM-4527 "Natural Orbital Environment Guidelines for Use in Aerospace Vehicle Development" is discussed. System engineering references, such as the MSFC System Engineering Handbook, are reviewed to determine how the environments are accounted for in the system engineering process. Tools and databases to assist the system engineer and avionics designer in addressing space environment effects on avionics are described and usefulness assessed.

40 CFR 53.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... followed by a gravimetric mass determination, but which is not a Class I equivalent method because of... MONITORING REFERENCE AND EQUIVALENT METHODS General Provisions § 53.1 Definitions. Terms used but not defined... slope of a linear plot fitted to corresponding candidate and reference method mean measurement data...

38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

38 CFR 10.27 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... used herein refers to the World War Adjusted Compensation Act, as amended; the word Veteran refers to... 38 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 10.27 Section 10.27 Pensions, Bonuses, and Veterans' Relief DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS ADJUSTED COMPENSATION...

Quantum mechanics in noninertial reference frames: Relativistic accelerations and fictitious forces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klink, W. H.; Wickramasekara, S.

2016-06-01

One-particle systems in relativistically accelerating reference frames can be associated with a class of unitary representations of the group of arbitrary coordinate transformations, an extension of the Wigner-Bargmann definition of particles as the physical realization of unitary irreducible representations of the Poincaré group. Representations of the group of arbitrary coordinate transformations become necessary to define unitary operators implementing relativistic acceleration transformations in quantum theory because, unlike in the Galilean case, the relativistic acceleration transformations do not themselves form a group. The momentum operators that follow from these representations show how the fictitious forces in noninertial reference frames are generated in quantum theory.

Effects of emotional and perceptual-motor stress on a voice recognition system's accuracy: An applied investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poock, G. K.; Martin, B. J.

1984-02-01

This was an applied investigation examining the ability of a speech recognition system to recognize speakers' inputs when the speakers were under different stress levels. Subjects were asked to speak to a voice recognition system under three conditions: (1) normal office environment, (2) emotional stress, and (3) perceptual-motor stress. Results indicate a definite relationship between voice recognition system performance and the type of low stress reference patterns used to achieve recognition.

Proceedings of the Intelligent Tutoring Systems Research Forum (2nd) Held in San Antonio, Texas on 6-7 April 1989

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-01

REFERENCES Carbonell, J.R. (1970). A] in CAI: An artifcial intelligence approach to computer-assisted instruction. IEEE Transactions on Man-Machine Systems...of intelligent systems use outcome data of any sort (Anderson, in press, is an exception). Other designers describe system goals for learners and then...5601 90 o9 3007 NOTICE When Government drawings, specifications, or other data are used for any purpose other than in connection with a definitely

A Practical Approach to Governance and Optimization of Structured Data Elements.

PubMed

Collins, Sarah A; Gesner, Emily; Morgan, Steven; Mar, Perry; Maviglia, Saverio; Colburn, Doreen; Tierney, Diana; Rocha, Roberto

2015-01-01

Definition and configuration of clinical content in an enterprise-wide electronic health record (EHR) implementation is highly complex. Sharing of data definitions across applications within an EHR implementation project may be constrained by practical limitations, including time, tools, and expertise. However, maintaining rigor in an approach to data governance is important for sustainability and consistency. With this understanding, we have defined a practical approach for governance of structured data elements to optimize data definitions given limited resources. This approach includes a 10 step process: 1) identification of clinical topics, 2) creation of draft reference models for clinical topics, 3) scoring of downstream data needs for clinical topics, 4) prioritization of clinical topics, 5) validation of reference models for clinical topics, and 6) calculation of gap analyses of EHR compared against reference model, 7) communication of validated reference models across project members, 8) requested revisions to EHR based on gap analysis, 9) evaluation of usage of reference models across project, and 10) Monitoring for new evidence requiring revisions to reference model.

Autonomy and Automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shively, Jay

2017-01-01

A significant level of debate and confusion has surrounded the meaning of the terms autonomy and automation. Automation is a multi-dimensional concept, and we propose that Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems (RPAS) automation should be described with reference to the specific system and task that has been automated, the context in which the automation functions, and other relevant dimensions. In this paper, we present definitions of automation, pilot in the loop, pilot on the loop and pilot out of the loop. We further propose that in future, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) RPAS Panel avoids the use of the terms autonomy and autonomous when referring to automated systems on board RPA. Work Group 7 proposes to develop, in consultation with other workgroups, a taxonomy of Levels of Automation for RPAS.

Frequency standard stability for Doppler measurements on-board the shuttle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harton, P. L.

1974-01-01

The short and long term stability characteristics of crystal and atomic standards are described. Emphasis is placed on crystal oscillators because of the selection which was made for the shuttle baseline and the complexities which are introduced by the shuttle environment. Attention is given, first, to the definitions of stability and the application of these definitions to the shuttle system and its mission. Data from time domain measurements are used to illustrate the definitions. Results of a literature survey to determine environmental effects on frequency reference sources are then presented. Finally, methods of standard frequency dissemination over radio frequency carriers are noted as a possible means of measuring absolute accuracy and long term stability characteristics during on one way Doppler equipment.

CanOpen on RASTA: The Integration of the CanOpen IP Core in the Avionics Testbed

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Furano, Gianluca; Guettache, Farid; Magistrati, Giorgio; Tiotto, Gabriele; Ortega, Carlos Urbina; Valverde, Alberto

2013-08-01

This paper presents the work done within the ESA Estec Data Systems Division, targeting the integration of the CanOpen IP Core with the existing Reference Architecture Test-bed for Avionics (RASTA). RASTA is the reference testbed system of the ESA Avionics Lab, designed to integrate the main elements of a typical Data Handling system. It aims at simulating a scenario where a Mission Control Center communicates with on-board computers and systems through a TM/TC link, thus providing the data management through qualified processors and interfaces such as Leon2 core processors, CAN bus controllers, MIL-STD-1553 and SpaceWire. This activity aims at the extension of the RASTA with two boards equipped with HurriCANe controller, acting as CANOpen slaves. CANOpen software modules have been ported on the RASTA system I/O boards equipped with Gaisler GR-CAN controller and acts as master communicating with the CCIPC boards. CanOpen serves as upper application layer for based on CAN defined within the CAN-in-Automation standard and can be regarded as the definitive standard for the implementation of CAN-based systems solutions. The development and integration of CCIPC performed by SITAEL S.p.A., is the first application that aims to bring the CANOpen standard for space applications. The definition of CANOpen within the European Cooperation for Space Standardization (ECSS) is under development.

28 CFR 42.613 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Financial Assistance § 42.613 Definitions. As used in this regulation, the term: (a) Agency means any... provision(s) to which this regulation applies. (b) Assistant Attorney General refers to the Assistant...) Chairman of the EEOC refers to the Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or his or her...

28 CFR 42.613 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Financial Assistance § 42.613 Definitions. As used in this regulation, the term: (a) Agency means any... provision(s) to which this regulation applies. (b) Assistant Attorney General refers to the Assistant...) Chairman of the EEOC refers to the Chairman of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, or his or her...

[Impact of indirect factors on the growing prevalence of workers with abnormal findings in periodic general health examinations: a survey on the definition and detection of such abnormal workers by occupational health organizations].

PubMed

Hoshuyama, T; Takahashi, K; Fujishiro, K; Uchida, K; Okubo, T

2000-05-01

The prevalence of workers with abnormal findings in periodic general health examinations (PGHEx) has been growing recently in Japan and reached 41.2% in 1998. To clarify the indirect factors related to such an increase in workers with abnormal findings in the PGHEx, we carried out a questionnaire survey on the content of the statutory notification form of results of the PGHEx among a representative sample of 136 Occupational Health Organizations (OHOs). Questions on how those workers with abnormal findings were defined and detected and when the definition and the reference intervals for total cholesterol became available were included. Of the 107 OHOs which answered the questionnaire, 85 were included in the analyses because they actually calculated the number of workers with abnormal findings in each company and helped the employer fill out the notification form. The results revealed that there was no standardized definition of workers with abnormal findings in the PGHEx. Both reference intervals of items in the PGHEx and algorithm in detecting workers with abnormal findings in the PGHEx varied among the OHOs. When detecting the workers, 13 OHOs (15.3%) selected them taking into consideration medical background factors such as previous results of the PGHEx and current medical treatment. From the late 1980s to the early 1990s, many OHOs modified the definition of workers with abnormal findings, and have tended to reduce the upper limit of the reference interval for serum cholesterol. This is mainly due to amendment of the Industrial Safety and Health Law and a new recommendation for a reference interval/value proposed by the related scientific society. Although the prevalence of workers with abnormal findings in the PGHEx has continuously increased, it is not valid to compare the prevalence over the years because of modification in the definition of such workers. The prevalence of workers with abnormal findings in the PGHEx, which is one of the most important indices of the state of occupational health, should be measured by using an objective definition and be compatible with the future system of health examination for Japanese workers.

12 CFR 619.9145 - Farm Credit Bank.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Farm Credit Bank. 619.9145 Section 619.9145 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9145 Farm Credit Bank. The term Farm Credit Bank refers to a bank resulting from the mandatory merger of the Federal land...

12 CFR 619.9145 - Farm Credit Bank.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Farm Credit Bank. 619.9145 Section 619.9145 Banks and Banking FARM CREDIT ADMINISTRATION FARM CREDIT SYSTEM DEFINITIONS § 619.9145 Farm Credit Bank. The term Farm Credit Bank refers to a bank resulting from the mandatory merger of the Federal land...

Evolutionary space platform concept study. Volume 2, part B: Manned space platform concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Logical, cost-effective steps in the evolution of manned space platforms are investigated and assessed. Tasks included the analysis of requirements for a manned space platform, identifying alternative concepts, performing system analysis and definition of the concepts, comparing the concepts and performing programmatic analysis for a reference concept.

40 CFR 60.741 - Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

.... Cgv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v... vessel, Cgv may be measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts. Chv = the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon...

40 CFR 60.741 - Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... Cgv=the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in... vessel, Cgv may be measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts. Chv=the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon...

40 CFR 60.741 - Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Cgv=the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in... vessel, Cgv may be measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts. Chv=the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon...

40 CFR 60.741 - Definitions, symbols, and cross-reference tables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

.... Cgv=the concentration of VOC in the gas stream entering each individual carbon adsorber vessel (v), in... vessel, Cgv may be measured in the carbon adsorption system's common inlet duct prior to the branching of individual inlet ducts. Chv=the concentration of VOC in the gas stream exiting each individual carbon...

A SCORM Compliant Courseware Authoring Tool for Supporting Pervasive Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Te-Hua; Chang, Flora Chia-I

2007-01-01

The sharable content object reference model (SCORM) includes a representation of distance learning contents and a behavior definition of how users should interact with the contents. Generally, SCORMcompliant systems were based on multimedia and Web technologies on PCs. We further build a pervasive learning environment, which allows users to read…

21 CFR 1403.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A grantee... completion method refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means...

20 CFR 437.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... property having a useful life of more than one year and an acquisition cost of $5,000 or more per unit. A... completion method refers to a system under which payments are made for construction work according to the percentage of completion of the work, rather than to the grantee's cost incurred. Prior approval means...

Derivation and definition of a linear aircraft model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duke, Eugene L.; Antoniewicz, Robert F.; Krambeer, Keith D.

1988-01-01

A linear aircraft model for a rigid aircraft of constant mass flying over a flat, nonrotating earth is derived and defined. The derivation makes no assumptions of reference trajectory or vehicle symmetry. The linear system equations are derived and evaluated along a general trajectory and include both aircraft dynamics and observation variables.

Validity and reliability of self-reported diabetes in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

PubMed

Schneider, Andrea L C; Pankow, James S; Heiss, Gerardo; Selvin, Elizabeth

2012-10-15

The objective of this study was to assess the validity of prevalent and incident self-reported diabetes compared with multiple reference definitions and to assess the reliability (repeatability) of a self-reported diagnosis of diabetes. Data from 10,321 participants in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study who attended visit 4 (1996-1998) were analyzed. Prevalent self-reported diabetes was compared with reference definitions defined by fasting glucose and medication use obtained at visit 4. Incident self-reported diabetes was assessed during annual follow-up telephone calls and was compared with reference definitions defined by fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and medication use obtained during an in-person visit attended by a subsample of participants (n = 1,738) in 2004-2005. The sensitivity of prevalent self-reported diabetes ranged from 58.5% to 70.8%, and specificity ranged from 95.6% to 96.8%, depending on the reference definition. Similarly, the sensitivity of incident self-reported diabetes ranged from 55.9% to 80.4%, and specificity ranged from 84.5% to 90.6%. Percent positive agreement of self-reported diabetes during 9 years of repeat assessments ranged from 92.7% to 95.4%. Both prevalent self-reported diabetes and incident self-reported diabetes were 84%-97% specific and 55%-80% sensitive as compared with reference definitions using glucose and medication criteria. Self-reported diabetes was >92% reliable over time.

Diagnostic accuracy of different body weight and height-based definitions of childhood obesity in identifying overfat among Chinese children and adolescents: a cross-sectional study.

PubMed

Wang, Lin; Hui, Stanley Sai-chuen

2015-08-20

Various body weight and height-based references are used to define obese children and adolescents. However, no study investigating the diagnostic accuracies of the definitions of obesity and overweight in Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents has been conducted. The current study aims to investigate the diagnostic accuracy of BMI-based definitions and 1993 HK reference in screening excess body fat among Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 2,134 participants (1,135 boys and 999 girls) were recruited from local schools. The foot-to-foot BIA scale was applied to assess %BF using standard methods. The criterion of childhood obesity (i.e., overfat) was defined as over 25 %BF for boys and over 30 %BF for girls. Childhood obesity was also determined from four BMI-based references and the 1993 HK reference. The diagnostic accuracy of these existing definitions for childhood obesity in screening excess body fat was evaluated using diagnostic indices. Overall, %BF was significantly correlated with anthropometry measurements in both genders (in boys, r = 0.747 for BMI 0.766 for PWH; in girls, r = 0.930 for BMI 0.851 for PWH). The prevalence rates of overweight and obesity determined by BMI-based references were similar with the prevalence rates of obesity in the 1993 HK reference in both genders. All definitions for childhood obesity showed low sensitivity (in boys, 0.325-0.761; in girls, 0.128-0.588) in detecting overfat. Specificities were high for cut-offs among all definitions for childhood obesity (in boys, 0.862-0.980; in girls, 0.973-0.998). In conclusion, prevalence rates of childhood obesity or overweight varied widely according to the diagnostic references applied. The diagnostic performance for weight and height-based references for obesity is poorer than expected for both genders among Hong Kong Chinese children and adolescents. In order to improve the diagnosis accuracy of childhood obesity, either cut-off values of body weight and height-based definitions of childhood obesity should be revised to increase the sensitivity or the possibility of using other indirect methods of estimating the %BF should be explored.

The Current SI Seen From the Perspective of the Proposed New SI

PubMed Central

Taylor, Barry N.

2011-01-01

A revised International System of Units (SI) proposed by the International Committee for Weights and Measures is under consideration by the General Conference on Weights and Measures for eventual adoption. Widely recognized as a significant advance for both metrology and science, it is defined via statements that explicitly fix the numerical values of a selected set of seven reference constants when the values of these constants are expressed in certain specified units. At first sight this approach to defining a system of units appears to be quite different from that used to define the current SI. However, by showing how the definitions of the seven base units of the current SI also fix the numerical values of a set of seven reference constants (broadly interpreted) when the values of these constants are expressed in their coherent SI units, and how the definition of the current SI can be recast into the same form as that of the revised SI under consideration, we show that the revision is not as radical a departure from the current SI as it might initially seem. PMID:26989600

45 CFR 680.10 - Definitions; cross-references to employee ethical conduct standards and financial disclosure...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.10 Definitions; cross-references to... conduct standards and financial disclosure regulations. Members of the National Science Board and other...

45 CFR 680.10 - Definitions; cross-references to employee ethical conduct standards and financial disclosure...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.10 Definitions; cross-references to... conduct standards and financial disclosure regulations. Members of the National Science Board and other...

45 CFR 680.10 - Definitions; cross-references to employee ethical conduct standards and financial disclosure...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.10 Definitions; cross-references to... conduct standards and financial disclosure regulations. Members of the National Science Board and other...

45 CFR 680.10 - Definitions; cross-references to employee ethical conduct standards and financial disclosure...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION RULES OF PRACTICE Rules of Practice for the National Science Foundation § 680.10 Definitions; cross-references to... conduct standards and financial disclosure regulations. Members of the National Science Board and other...

What's in a Name? Definitions and Conceptualisations of Teleworking and Homeworking.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Cath

2003-01-01

Discusses the debate over definitions of teleworking and other home-based working. Argues that project-specific definitions are useful and inevitable. Challenges the assertion that a single definition should be used by all research. (Contains 36 references.) (JOW)

Anthropocene: Shifting Paradigms in Geoscience, Philosophy, History and Geopolitics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maslin, M. A.; Lewis, S. L.

2015-12-01

The concept of the Anthropocene has created a profound paradigm shift within the scientific community that we argue will create equally important changes in philosophy, history and politics. There is general scientific agreement that human activity has been a geologically recent, yet profound, influence on the Earth System. The magnitude, variety and longevity of human-induced changes, to the lithosphere, hydrosphere, cryosphere, biosphere and atmosphere suggests that we should refer to the present, not as within the Holocene Epoch (as it is currently formally referred to), but instead as within the Anthropocene Epoch. Discussion is now centred on defining the start of the epoch using the fundamental principles of stratigraphy. These must include (i) a near permanent change to the Earth system that sets it on to a new trajectory and (ii) global changes to the Earth system recorded in a number of stratigraphic deposits worldwide to provide a correlative boundary event or marker called a Global Stratotype Section & Point (GSSP) or 'golden spike'. Using this framework we conclude that just two time-periods are likely adhere to the criteria. These are 1) the irreversible cross-ocean exchange of species alongside the globally synchronous coolest part of the Little Ice Age in the 17th century, marked by the 1610 minima of CO2 (Orbis Spike), and 2) the accelerating atmospheric, oceanic and terrestrial changes in the second half of the 20th century, referred to as the Great Acceleration and conveniently marked by the 1964 peak radionuclide fallout (Bomb Spike). We seek to clear up misconceptions and misunderstandings about geological criteria and relevant evidence that have crept into the literature. We also argue that there are multiple definitions of the Anthropocene and even if a formal definition of the Anthropocene Epoch is agreed by geoscientists, this would in no way invalidate other definitions or uses. It is the utility and wide appeal that makes the Anthropocene such an important concept.

Different risk scores consider different types of risks: the deficiencies of the 2015 ESPEN consensus on diagnostic criteria for malnutrition.

PubMed

Xu, Jingyong; Jiang, Zhuming

2018-03-02

In 2015, an European Society for the Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition malnutrition diagnosis consensus was published to unify the definition and simplify the diagnostic procedure of malnutrition, in which 'nutritional risk', 'malnutrition risk' and 'at risk of malnutrition' were referred to several times, and 'at risk of malnutrition' was encouraged to be coded and reimbursed in the International Classification of Diseases and diagnosis-related group system systems. However, there may be some mistakes when using the concepts of different 'risk' mentioned above. In this study, we aimed to explain different 'risks' using the original concept by different screening tools to clarify the definition and provide a recommendation for nutritional screening.

Controversies in the definition and treatment of idiopathic short stature (ISS).

PubMed

Pedicelli, Stefania; Peschiaroli, Emanuela; Violi, Enrica; Cianfarani, Stefano

2009-01-01

The term idiopathic short stature (ISS) refers to short children with no identifiable disorder of the growth hormone (GH)/insulin like growth factor (IGF) axis and no other endocrine, genetic or organ system disorder. This heterogeneous group of short children without GH deficiency (GHD) includes children with constitutional delay of growth and puberty, familial short stature, or both, as well as those with subtle cartilage and bone dysplasias. In rare cases, ISS is due to IGF molecular abnormalities. In this review we tackle the major challenges in the definition and treatment of ISS.

Solar power satellite cost estimate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harron, R. J.; Wadle, R. C.

1981-01-01

The solar power configuration costed is the 5 GW silicon solar cell reference system. The subsystems identified by work breakdown structure elements to the lowest level for which cost information was generated. This breakdown divides into five sections: the satellite, construction, transportation, the ground receiving station and maintenance. For each work breakdown structure element, a definition, design description and cost estimate were included. An effort was made to include for each element a reference that more thoroughly describes the element and the method of costing used. All costs are in 1977 dollars.

Oscillatory Dynamics of One-Dimensional Homogeneous Granular Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Starosvetsky, Yuli; Jayaprakash, K. R.; Hasan, Md. Arif; Vakakis, Alexander F.

The acoustics of the homogeneous granular chains has been studied extensively both numerically and experimentally in the references cited in the previous chapters. This chapter focuses on the oscillatory behavior of finite dimensional homogeneous granular chains. It is well known that normal vibration modes are the building blocks of the vibrations of linear systems due to the applicability of the principle of superposition. One the other hand, nonlinear theory is deprived of such a general superposition principle (although special cases of nonlinear superpositions do exist), but nonlinear normal modes ‒ NNMs still play an important role in the forced and resonance dynamics of these systems. In their basic definition [1], NNMs were defined as time-periodic nonlinear oscillations of discrete or continuous dynamical systems where all coordinates (degrees-of-freedom) oscillate in-unison with the same frequency; further extensions of this definition have been considered to account for NNMs of systems with internal resonances [2]...

Construction Theory and Noise Analysis Method of Global CGCS2000 Coordinate Frame

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Z.; Wang, F.; Bai, J.; Li, Z.

2018-04-01

The definition, renewal and maintenance of geodetic datum has been international hot issue. In recent years, many countries have been studying and implementing modernization and renewal of local geodetic reference coordinate frame. Based on the precise result of continuous observation for recent 15 years from state CORS (continuously operating reference system) network and the mainland GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) network between 1999 and 2007, this paper studies the construction of mathematical model of the Global CGCS2000 frame, mainly analyzes the theory and algorithm of two-step method for Global CGCS2000 Coordinate Frame formulation. Finally, the noise characteristic of the coordinate time series are estimated quantitatively with the criterion of maximum likelihood estimation.

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

43 CFR 10005.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... amended (42 U.S.C. 4321 et seq.); and the Endangered Species Act of 1973, as amended (16 U.S.C. 1531 et... CONSERVATION PLAN § 10005.2 Definitions. The Act refers to the Central Utah Project Completion Act, Titles II... Conservation Commission, as established by section 301 of the Act. Interested parties refers to Federal and...

31 CFR 315.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING U.S. SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES A, B, C, D, E, F, G, H, J, AND K, AND U.S. SAVINGS NOTES General Information § 315.2 Definitions. As used in... the context indicates otherwise. General references to bonds and direct references to Series E bonds...

Characteristics of Hydrogen Monitoring Systems for Severe Accident Management at a Nuclear Power Plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrosyan, V. G.; Yeghoyan, E. A.; Grigoryan, A. D.; Petrosyan, A. P.; Movsisyan, M. R.

2018-02-01

One of the main objectives of severe accident management at a nuclear power plant is to protect the integrity of the containment, for which the most serious threat is possible ignition of the generated hydrogen. There should be a monitoring system providing information support of NPP personnel, ensuring data on the current state of a containment gaseous environment and trends in its composition changes. Monitoring systems' requisite characteristics definition issues are considered by the example of a particular power unit. Major characteristics important for proper information support are discussed. Some features of progression of severe accident scenarios at considered power unit are described and a possible influence of the hydrogen concentration monitoring system performance on the information support reliability in a severe accident is analyzed. The analysis results show that the following technical characteristics of the combustible gas monitoring systems are important for the proper information support of NPP personnel in the event of a severe accident at a nuclear power plant: measured parameters, measuring ranges and errors, update rate, minimum detectable concentration of combustible gas, monitoring reference points, environmental qualification parameters of the system components. For NPP power units with WWER-440/270 (230) type reactors, which have a relatively small containment volume, the update period for measurement results is a critical characteristic of the containment combustible gas monitoring system, and the choice of monitoring reference points should be focused not so much on the definition of places of possible hydrogen pockets but rather on the definition of places of a possible combustible mixture formation. It may be necessary for the above-mentioned power units to include in the emergency operating procedures measures aimed at a timely heat removal reduction from the containment environment if there are signs of a severe accident phase approaching to prevent a combustible mixture formation in the containment.

Satellite power systems (SPS) concept definition study. Volume 2, part 1: System engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hanley, G. M.

1980-01-01

Top level trade studies are presented, including comparison of solid state and klystron concepts, higher concentration on the solar cells, composite and aluminum structure, and several variations to the reference concept. Detailed trade studies are presented in each of the subsystem areas (solar array, power distribution, structures, thermal control, attitude control and stationkeeping, microwave transmission, and ground receiving station). A description of the selected point design is also presented.

What is open peer review? A systematic review.

PubMed

Ross-Hellauer, Tony

2017-01-01

Background : "Open peer review" (OPR), despite being a major pillar of Open Science, has neither a standardized definition nor an agreed schema of its features and implementations. The literature reflects this, with numerous overlapping and contradictory definitions. While for some the term refers to peer review where the identities of both author and reviewer are disclosed to each other, for others it signifies systems where reviewer reports are published alongside articles. For others it signifies both of these conditions, and for yet others it describes systems where not only "invited experts" are able to comment. For still others, it includes a variety of combinations of these and other novel methods. Methods : Recognising the absence of a consensus view on what open peer review is, this article undertakes a systematic review of definitions of "open peer review" or "open review", to create a corpus of 122 definitions. These definitions are systematically analysed to build a coherent typology of the various innovations in peer review signified by the term, and hence provide the precise technical definition currently lacking. Results : This quantifiable data yields rich information on the range and extent of differing definitions over time and by broad subject area. Quantifying definitions in this way allows us to accurately portray exactly how ambiguously the phrase "open peer review" has been used thus far, for the literature offers 22 distinct configurations of seven traits, effectively meaning that there are 22 different definitions of OPR in the literature reviewed. Conclusions : I propose a pragmatic definition of open peer review as an umbrella term for a number of overlapping ways that peer review models can be adapted in line with the aims of Open Science, including making reviewer and author identities open, publishing review reports and enabling greater participation in the peer review process.

50 CFR 402.30 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...” outlining a new approach to managing fires, together with the accompanying budget requests, strategies... § 402.30 Definitions. The definitions in § 402.02 are applicable to this subpart. In addition, the following definitions are applicable only to this subpart. Action Agency refers to the Department of...

50 CFR 402.30 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...” outlining a new approach to managing fires, together with the accompanying budget requests, strategies... § 402.30 Definitions. The definitions in § 402.02 are applicable to this subpart. In addition, the following definitions are applicable only to this subpart. Action Agency refers to the Department of...

28 CFR 345.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 28 Judicial Administration 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 345.11 Section 345.11... (FPI) INMATE WORK PROGRAMS Definitions § 345.11 Definitions. (a) Federal Prison Industries, Inc. (FPI... Superintendent of Industries, also referred to as Associate Warden/Industries and Education, is responsible for...

Advanced Transportation System Studies Technical Area 2 (TA-2) Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Development Contract. Volume 2; Technical Results

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

The purpose of the Advanced Transportation System Studies (ATSS) Technical Area 2 (TA-2) Heavy Lift Launch Vehicle Development contract was to provide advanced launch vehicle concept definition and analysis to assist NASA in the identification of future launch vehicle requirements. Contracted analysis activities included vehicle sizing and performance analysis, subsystem concept definition, propulsion subsystem definition (foreign and domestic), ground operations and facilities analysis, and life cycle cost estimation. This document is Volume 2 of the final report for the contract. It provides documentation of selected technical results from various TA-2 analysis activities, including a detailed narrative description of the SSTO concept assessment results, a user's guide for the associated SSTO sizing tools, an SSTO turnaround assessment report, an executive summary of the ground operations assessments performed during the first year of the contract, a configuration-independent vehicle health management system requirements report, a copy of all major TA-2 contract presentations, a copy of the FLO launch vehicle final report, and references to Pratt & Whitney's TA-2 sponsored final reports regarding the identification of Russian main propulsion technologies.

Quantum mechanics in noninertial reference frames: Relativistic accelerations and fictitious forces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klink, W.H., E-mail: william-klink@uiowa.edu; Wickramasekara, S., E-mail: wickrama@grinnell.edu

2016-06-15

One-particle systems in relativistically accelerating reference frames can be associated with a class of unitary representations of the group of arbitrary coordinate transformations, an extension of the Wigner–Bargmann definition of particles as the physical realization of unitary irreducible representations of the Poincaré group. Representations of the group of arbitrary coordinate transformations become necessary to define unitary operators implementing relativistic acceleration transformations in quantum theory because, unlike in the Galilean case, the relativistic acceleration transformations do not themselves form a group. The momentum operators that follow from these representations show how the fictitious forces in noninertial reference frames are generated inmore » quantum theory.« less

78 FR 24449 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BOX Options Exchange, LLC; Order Approving a Proposed Rule Change...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-25

... proposed rule change to amend the rules governing the trading of Complex Orders on BOX Market LLC (``BOX... particular investment strategy.\\4\\ BOX notes that its proposed definition of Complex Order is consistent with.../Crossed National Market System Plan.\\5\\ BOX also proposes to delete references to Stock-Option Orders and...

Effects of adopting new precession, nutation and equinox corrections on the terrestrial reference frame

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhu, S. Y.; Mueller, I. I.

1982-01-01

The effect of adopting definitive precession and equinox corrections on the terrestrial reference frame was investigated. It is noted that the effect on polar motion is a diurnal periodic term with an amplitude increasing linearly in time whole on UT1 it is a linear term: general principles are given to determine the effects of small rotations of the frame of a conventional inertial reference system (CIS) on the frame of the conventional terrestrial reference system (CTS); seven CTS options are presented, one of which is necessary to accommodate such rotation. Accommodating possible future changes in the astronomical nutation is discussed. The effects of differences which may exist between the various CTS's and CIS's on Earth rotation parameters (ERP) and how these differences can be determined are examined. It is shown that the CTS differences can be determined from observations made at the same site. The CIS differences by comparing the ERP's are determined by the different techniques during the same time period.

Effects of adopting new precession, nutation and equinox corrections on the terrestrial reference frame

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zhu, S. Y.; Mueller, I. I.

1982-01-01

The effects of adopting new definitive precession and equinox corrections on the terrestrial reference frame was investigated. It is noted that: (1) the effect on polar motion is a diurnal periodic term with an amplitude increasing linearly in time whole on UT1 it is a linear term; (2) general principles are given to determine the effects of small rotations of the frame of a conventional inertial reference system (CIS) on the frame of the conventional terrestrial reference system (CTS); (3) seven CTS options are presented, one of which is necessary to accommodate such rotation. Accommodating possible future changes in the astronomical nutation is discussed. The effects of differences which may exist between the various CTS's and CIS's on Earth rotation parameters (ERP) and how these differences can be determined are examined. It is shown that the CTS differences can be determined from observations made at the same site, while the CIS differences by comparing the ERP's determined by the different techniques during the same time period.

Are “extreme consumption games” drinking games? Sometimes it's a matter of perspective

PubMed Central

Zamboanga, Byron L.; Pearce, Marc W.; Kenney, Shannon R.; Ham, Lindsay S.; Woods, Olivia E.; Borsari, Brian

2013-01-01

Drinking games are widespread on college campuses and pose health risks to their players. Although there has been considerable research progress in the college drinking games literature, there does not appear to be a standard definition of the term “drinking games.” Researchers, however, have attempted to classify and categorize drinking games in a systematic manner. For example, one category of drinking games (e.g., chugging, keg stands) is often referred to as consumption or extreme consumption games. Questions remain as to whether or how these types of games align with researchers' definitions of drinking games or the categorization systems advanced by researchers in the field. Potential challenges regarding the definition and categorization of drinking games, particularly with respect to extreme consumption types of games, are discussed. PMID:23968169

Study of the NASTRAN input/output systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, W. K.; Schoellmann, W. F.

1977-01-01

The basic characteristics of the NASTRAN level 16 I/O subsystem are presented with particular reference to blocking/deblocking aspects, I/O methods used on the IBM, CDC, and UNIVAC machines, definition of basic NASTRAN I/O control tables, and portability of parts of the I/O subsystem to other programs outside the NASTRAN environment are included. An explanation of the IBM primary, secondary, and tertiary files defined by the data definition (DD) cards in the NASTRAN JCL procedure. The explanation is intended to enlighten users as to the purpose of these DD cards, how they relate to one another, and why there are no similar type definition cards required on the CDC and UNIVAC versions. Enhancements designed to increase overall efficiency and decrease core requirements are also recommended.

The role of local terminologies in electronic health records. The HEGP experience.

PubMed

Daniel-Le Bozec, Christel; Steichen, Olivier; Dart, Thierry; Jaulent, Marie-Christine

2007-01-01

Despite decades of work, there is no universally accepted standard medical terminology and no generally usable terminological tools have yet emerged. The local dictionary of concepts of the Georges Pompidou European Hospital (HEGP) is a Terminological System (TS) designed to support clinical data entry. It covers 93 data entry forms and contains definitions and synonyms of more than 5000 concepts, sometimes linked to reference terminologies such as ICD-10. In this article, we evaluate to which extend SNOMED CT could fully replace or rather be mapped to the local terminology system. We first describe the local dictionary of concepts of HEGP according to some published TS characterization framework. Then we discuss the specific role that a local terminology system plays with regards to reference terminologies.

Compliance to treatment in patients with chronic illness: A concept exploration

PubMed Central

Rafii, Forough; Fatemi, Naima Seyed; Danielson, Ella; Johansson, Christina Melin; Modanloo, Mahnaz

2014-01-01

Background: Patients’ compliance to treatment is an important indicator for evaluating the successful management in chronic illnesses. Despite the fact an applicable definition of compliance is required to suitable intervention and research, this concept is not clear and there is no consensus concerning its meaning, definition, and measurement. The aim of this study was to explore the concept of compliance and to formulate a working definition. Materials and Methods: Theoretical phase of Schwartz-Barcott and Kim's Hybrid Model of concept analysis was used to analyze the concept of compliance. Data were collected by using literature reviews. Medline, CINAHL, Ovid, Elsevier, Pro Quest and Blackwell databases were searched from 1975 to 2010 using the keywords “Compliance,” “Non-compliance,” “Adherence,” and “Concordance.” Articles published in English were selected if they included adult patients with chronic illnesses and reported attributes of compliance; 23 such relevant articles were chosen. Results: The attributes of compliance included patient obedience, ability to implement medical advice, flexibility, responsibility, collaboration, participation, and persistence in implementing the advices. Antecedents are organized into two interacting categories: Internal factors refer to the patient, disease, and treatment characteristics and external factors refer to the healthcare professionals, healthcare system, and socioeconomic factors. Compliance may lead to desirable and undesirable consequences. A working definition of compliance was formulated by comparing and contrasting the existing definitions with regard to its attributes which are useful in clinical practice and research. Conclusions: This finding will be useful in clinical practice and research. But this working definition has to be tested in a clinical context and a broad view of its applicability has to be obtained. PMID:24834085

77 FR 58739 - Small Business Size Standards: Educational Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-24

... programs, SBA establishes small business size definitions (referred to as size standards) for private... programs effectively, SBA establishes distinct definitions to determine which businesses are deemed small... businesses definitions (15 U.S.C. 632(a)). The Act also requires that small business definitions vary to...

40 CFR 61.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... definition of reference man are outlined in the International Commission on Radiological Protection's... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 61.101 Section 61.101....101 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined here have the meaning given them in...

A reference architecture for integrated EHR in Colombia.

PubMed

de la Cruz, Edgar; Lopez, Diego M; Uribe, Gustavo; Gonzalez, Carolina; Blobel, Bernd

2011-01-01

The implementation of national EHR infrastructures has to start by a detailed definition of the overall structure and behavior of the EHR system (system architecture). Architectures have to be open, scalable, flexible, user accepted and user friendly, trustworthy, based on standards including terminologies and ontologies. The GCM provides an architectural framework created with the purpose of analyzing any kind of system, including EHR system´s architectures. The objective of this paper is to propose a reference architecture for the implementation of an integrated EHR in Colombia, based on the current state of system´s architectural models, and EHR standards. The proposed EHR architecture defines a set of services (elements) and their interfaces, to support the exchange of clinical documents, offering an open, scalable, flexible and semantically interoperable infrastructure. The architecture was tested in a pilot tele-consultation project in Colombia, where dental EHR are exchanged.

NASA thesaurus. Volume 3: Definitions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

Publication of NASA Thesaurus definitions began with Supplement 1 to the 1985 NASA Thesaurus. The definitions given here represent the complete file of over 3,200 definitions, complimented by nearly 1,000 use references. Definitions of more common or general scientific terms are given a NASA slant if one exists. Certain terms are not defined as a matter of policy: common names, chemical elements, specific models of computers, and nontechnical terms. The NASA Thesaurus predates by a number of years the systematic effort to define terms, therefore not all Thesaurus terms have been defined. Nevertheless, definitions of older terms are continually being added. The following data are provided for each entry: term in uppercase/lowercase form, definition, source, and year the term (not the definition) was added to the NASA Thesaurus. The NASA History Office is the authority for capitalization in satellite and spacecraft names. Definitions with no source given were constructed by lexicographers at the NASA Scientific and Technical Information (STI) Facility who rely on the following sources for their information: experts in the field, literature searches from the NASA STI database, and specialized references.

Developing the security culture at the SEISMED Reference Centres.

PubMed

Fowler, J

1996-01-01

The paper gives a brief summary of the SEISMED project and the particular role played by the Reference Centres. Details are given of the hardware and application systems in use in the Royal Hospitals (NHS) Trust (RHT), one of the SEISMED Reference Centres. It proposes, without verification, a definition of a Security Culture based on three criteria. These are suggested to be the "Awareness" the "Acceptance" and the "Actions" of the management and staff to improve Information Systems Security throughout the RHT. The way that "Awareness" was increased is shown by the specific initiatives commenced as a result of a CRAMM Risk Analysis and the management and staff training programmes. The specific initiatives mentioned include, an Information Systems Security Policy, a contingency and disaster recovery plan, improvements in the physical protection of equipment and changes to the method of access control. The "Acceptance" by the staff of these measures is considered and the success or failure of "Developing A Security Culture" examined. The role of SEISMED in this process is assessed.

26 CFR 1.921-2 - Foreign Sales Corporation-general rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 10 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Foreign Sales Corporation-general rules. 1.921-2... Sales Corporation—general rules. (a) Definition of a FSC and the Effect of a FSC Election. Q-1. What is the definition of a Foreign Sales Corporation (hereinafter referred to as a “FSC” (All references to...

47 CFR 52.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Administration § 52.7 Definitions. As used in this subpart: (a) Area code or numbering plan area (NPA). The term “area code or numbering plan area” refers to the first three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone... “central office code” refers to the second three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone number in the form...

47 CFR 52.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Administration § 52.7 Definitions. As used in this subpart: (a) Area code or numbering plan area (NPA). The term “area code or numbering plan area” refers to the first three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone... “central office code” refers to the second three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone number in the form...

47 CFR 52.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Administration § 52.7 Definitions. As used in this subpart: (a) Area code or numbering plan area (NPA). The term “area code or numbering plan area” refers to the first three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone... “central office code” refers to the second three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone number in the form...

47 CFR 52.7 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Administration § 52.7 Definitions. As used in this subpart: (a) Area code or numbering plan area (NPA). The term “area code or numbering plan area” refers to the first three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone... “central office code” refers to the second three digits (NXX) of a ten-digit telephone number in the form...

77 FR 53830 - Rules of Practice in Proceedings Relative to Administrative Offsets Initiated Against Former...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-04

... follows: Sec. 966.3 Definitions. (a) Accounting Service Center refers to the United States Postal Service... 31 CFR parts 900-904. Changes to Sec. 966.3 update the definitions of part 966 to refer to the Postal Service Accounting Service Center (ASC) or successor installation instead of the area Postmaster...

24 CFR 891.205 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 891.205 Section 891... for the Elderly § 891.205 Definitions. As used in this part in reference to the Section 202 Program, and in addition to the applicable definitions in § 891.105: Acquisition means the purchase of (or...

24 CFR 891.205 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 891.205 Section 891... for the Elderly § 891.205 Definitions. As used in this part in reference to the Section 202 Program, and in addition to the applicable definitions in § 891.105: Acquisition means the purchase of (or...

40 CFR 61.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... dose equivalent and the definition of reference man are outlined in the International Commission on... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 61.21 Section 61.21... Underground Uranium Mines § 61.21 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined here have the...

40 CFR 61.91 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... included. The method for calculating effective dose equivalent and the definition of reference man are... 40 Protection of Environment 8 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 61.91 Section 61.91... Other Than Radon From Department of Energy Facilities § 61.91 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all...

High-precision control of static magnetic field magnitude, orientation, and gradient using optically pumped vapour cell magnetometry.

PubMed

Ingleby, S J; Griffin, P F; Arnold, A S; Chouliara, M; Riis, E

2017-04-01

An integrated system of hardware and software allowing precise definition of arbitrarily oriented magnetic fields up to |B| = 1 μT within a five-layer Mumetal shield is described. The system is calibrated with reference to magnetic resonance observed between Zeeman states of the 6S 1/2 F = 4 133 Cs ground state. Magnetic field definition over the full 4π solid angle is demonstrated with one-sigma tolerances in magnitude, orientation, and gradient of δ|B| = 0.94 nT, δθ = 5.9 mrad, and δ|∇B|=13.0 pT/mm, respectively. This field control is used to empirically map M x magnetometer signal amplitude as a function of the static field (B 0 ) orientation.

Choice of Reference Serum Creatinine in Defining AKI

PubMed Central

Siew, Edward D.; Matheny, Michael E.

2015-01-01

Background/Aims The study of acute kidney injury (AKI) has expanded with the increasing availability of electronic health records and the use of standardized definitions. Understanding the impact of AKI between settings is limited by heterogeneity in the selection of reference creatinine to anchor the definition of AKI. In this mini-review, we discuss different approaches used to select reference creatinine and their relative merits and limitations. Methods We reviewed the literature to obtain representative examples of published baseline creatinine definitions when pre-hospital data were not available, as well as literature evaluating estimation of baseline renal function, using Pubmed and reference back-tracing within known works. Results 1) Prehospital creatinine values are useful in determining reference creatinine, and in high-risk populations, the mean outpatient serum creatinine value 7-365 days before hospitalization closely approximates nephrology adjudication, 2) in patients without pre-hospital data, the eGFR 75 approach does not reliably estimate true AKI incidence in most at-risk populations 3) using the lowest inpatient serum creatinine may be reasonable, especially in those with preserved kidney function, but may generously estimate AKI incidence and severity and miss community-acquired AKI that does not fully resolve, 4) using more specific definitions of AKI (e.g. KIDGO Stage 2 and 3) may help to reduce the effects of misclassification when using surrogate values, and 5) leveraging available clinical data may help refine the estimate of reference creatinine. Conclusions Choosing reference creatinine for AKI calculation is important for AKI classification and study interpretation. We recommend obtaining data on pre-hospital kidney function, wherever possible. In studies where surrogate estimates are used, transparency in how they are applied and discussion that informs the reader of potential biases should be provided. Further work to refine the estimation of reference creatinine is needed. PMID:26332325

A Database Design for a Unit Status Reporting System.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-03-01

definitions. g. Extraction of data dictionary entries from existing programs. [Ref. 7:pp. 63-66] The third tool is used to define the logic of the...Automation of the Unit Status Reporting System is feasible, and would require: integrated files of data, some direct data extraction from those files...an extract of AR 220-1. Relevant sections of the regulation are included to provide an easy reference for the reader. The last section of the

A survey of adaptive control technology in robotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tosunoglu, S.; Tesar, D.

1987-01-01

Previous work on the adaptive control of robotic systems is reviewed. Although the field is relatively new and does not yet represent a mature discipline, considerable attention has been given to the design of sophisticated robot controllers. Here, adaptive control methods are divided into model reference adaptive systems and self-tuning regulators with further definition of various approaches given in each class. The similarity and distinct features of the designed controllers are delineated and tabulated to enhance comparative review.

Avionics Integrity Program (AVIP). Volume 4. Force Management - Economic Life Considerations.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-01

often used to refer to the period of time during which financial considerations justify the continued use of an existing system. The study addresses...rejporLs incl-ude contractor ei forts between September 1983 and Marih 1984. Each report represents a completed study in a specific area and stands alone...during which financial considerations justify the selection or continued use of a system. A variety of definitions currently exist for economic life. One

Data Modeling Challenges of Advanced Interoperability.

PubMed

Blobel, Bernd; Oemig, Frank; Ruotsalainen, Pekka

2018-01-01

Progressive health paradigms, involving many different disciplines and combining multiple policy domains, requires advanced interoperability solutions. This results in special challenges for modeling health systems. The paper discusses classification systems for data models and enterprise business architectures and compares them with the ISO Reference Architecture. On that basis, existing definitions, specifications and standards of data models for interoperability are evaluated and their limitations are discussed. Amendments to correctly use those models and to better meet the aforementioned challenges are offered.

DEFINITION FOR ASBESTOS.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ross, Malcolm; Kuntze, Richard A.; Clifton, Robert A.; ,

1984-01-01

A definition of asbestos is proposed. Under this definition, the term asbestos applies to six naturally occurring minerals exploited commercially for their desirable physical properties, which are in part derived from their asbestiform habit. The six minerals are the serpentine mineral chrysotile and the amphibole minerals grunerite asbestos (also referred to as amosite), riebeckite asbestos (also referred to as crocidolite), anthophyllite asbestos, tremolite asbestos, and actinolite asbestos. Individual mineral particles, however processed and regardless of their mineral name, are not demonstrated to be asbestos if the length-to-width ratio is less than 20:1.

Accuracy of five intraoral scanners compared to indirect digitalization.

PubMed

Güth, Jan-Frederik; Runkel, Cornelius; Beuer, Florian; Stimmelmayr, Michael; Edelhoff, Daniel; Keul, Christine

2017-06-01

Direct and indirect digitalization offer two options for computer-aided design (CAD)/ computer-aided manufacturing (CAM)-generated restorations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of different intraoral scanners and compare them to the process of indirect digitalization. A titanium testing model was directly digitized 12 times with each intraoral scanner: (1) CS 3500 (CS), (2) Zfx Intrascan (ZFX), (3) CEREC AC Bluecam (BLU), (4) CEREC AC Omnicam (OC) and (5) True Definition (TD). As control, 12 polyether impressions were taken and the referring plaster casts were digitized indirectly with the D-810 laboratory scanner (CON). The accuracy (trueness/precision) of the datasets was evaluated by an analysing software (Geomagic Qualify 12.1) using a "best fit alignment" of the datasets with a highly accurate reference dataset of the testing model, received from industrial computed tomography. Direct digitalization using the TD showed the significant highest overall "trueness", followed by CS. Both performed better than CON. BLU, ZFX and OC showed higher differences from the reference dataset than CON. Regarding the overall "precision", the CS 3500 intraoral scanner and the True Definition showed the best performance. CON, BLU and OC resulted in significantly higher precision than ZFX did. Within the limitations of this in vitro study, the accuracy of the ascertained datasets was dependent on the scanning system. The direct digitalization was not superior to indirect digitalization for all tested systems. Regarding the accuracy, all tested intraoral scanning technologies seem to be able to reproduce a single quadrant within clinical acceptable accuracy. However, differences were detected between the tested systems.

Definition and evaluation of the data-link layer of PACnet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alsafadi, Yasser H.; Martinez, Ralph; Sanders, William H.

1991-07-01

PACnet is a 200-500 Mbps dual-ring fiber optic network designed to implement a picture archiving and communication system (PACS) in a hospital environment. The network consists of three channels: an image transfer channel, a command and control channel, and a real-time data channel. An initial network interface unit (NIU) design for PACnet consisted of a functional description of the protocols and NIU major components. In order to develop a demonstration prototype, additional definition of protocol algorithms of each channel is necessary. Using the International Standards Organization/Open Systems Interconnection (ISO/OSI) reference model as a guide, the definition of the data link layer is extended. This definition covers interface service specifications for the two constituent sublayers: logical link control (LLC) and medium access control (MAC). Furthermore, it describes procedures for data transfer, mechanisms of error detection and fault recovery. A performance evaluation study was then made to determine how the network performs under various application scenarios. The performance evaluation study was performed using stochastic activity networks, which can formally describe the network behavior. The results of the study demonstrate the feasibility of PACnet as an integrated image, data, and voice network for PACS.

[The evolution of the concept of self-care in the healthcare system: a narrative literature review].

PubMed

Lommi, Marzia; Matarese, Maria; Alvaro, Rosaria; Piredda, Michela; De Marinis, Maria Grazia

2015-01-01

To identify and analyze the definitions of self-care in the healthcare system in the evolution over time as well as to identify the key actors of self-care. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the definition of self-care in the CINAHL, PubMed and ILISI databases. The searches ranged from the first year included in each database until May 2013. In addition, a secondary analysis was performed on the references of articles selected to identify additional data sources. The self-care definitions were grouped according to decades and examined in their evolution. The first self-care definitions date back to the seventies, but only in the eighties self-care has been seen as a key resource for healthcare systems. In the nineties, care activities previously considered the exclusive domain of the health professions were included in this concept; and finally over the 2000s the role of health professionals in self-care is highlighted, extending the self-care activities to the psychological, social and spiritual dimensions. Self-care activities can be carried out directly by the person upon himself, delegated to others, or performed on others. The review has showed the large body of literature published in different disciplinary and cultural fields, which has led to the proliferation of definitions and interpretations of self-care. Italy has taken part in a marginal way to the international debate. It would be useful that also Italian nurses did research to describe and understand.

Validation of the EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to rheumatoid arthritis.

PubMed

Burgers, Leonie E; Siljehult, Filip; Ten Brinck, Robin M; van Steenbergen, Hanna W; Landewé, Robert B M; Rantapää-Dahlqvist, Solbritt; van der Helm-van Mil, Annette H M

2017-12-01

Recently a EULAR-taskforce defined arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA, in order to allow inclusion of homogeneous sets of arthralgia patients in clinical studies. This longitudinal study aimed (i) to validate this definition in arthralgia patients in whom rheumatologists felt that imminent RA was more likely than other arthralgias [clinically suspect arthralgia (CSA)], that is, the target population fulfilling the entry criterion, and (ii) to explore the performance in arthralgia patients who were referred to secondary care prior to rheumatological evaluation, hence ignoring the entry criterion. The definition was assessed in 241 Dutch patients identified with CSA by rheumatologists and 113 patients referred to the Umeå university hospital with recent-onset arthralgia in small joints. The external reference was arthritis development <2 years' follow-up. CSA patients with a positive definition (⩾3/7 parameters present) had an increased risk for developing arthritis compared with definition-negative CSA patients (hazard ratio = 2.1, 95% CI: 0.9, 4.7). The sensitivity was 84% and the positive predictive value 30%. In arthralgia patients in whom the definition was applied before rheumatological evaluation, a positive definition was neither sensitive (10%) nor predictive (positive predictive value 3%). The EULAR definition of arthralgia suspicious for progression to RA is sensitive when used to support the rheumatologist's opinion on imminent RA. This validation study shows that the definition, when used as designed, further homogenizes patients that rheumatologists consider at risk for RA. To arrive at a high specificity, the clinical definition needs to be combined with biomarkers. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Advanced propulsion system concept for hybrid vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bhate, S.; Chen, H.; Dochat, G.

1980-01-01

A series hybrid system, utilizing a free piston Stirling engine with a linear alternator, and a parallel hybrid system, incorporating a kinematic Stirling engine, are analyzed for various specified reference missions/vehicles ranging from a small two passenger commuter vehicle to a van. Parametric studies for each configuration, detail tradeoff studies to determine engine, battery and system definition, short term energy storage evaluation, and detail life cycle cost studies were performed. Results indicate that the selection of a parallel Stirling engine/electric, hybrid propulsion system can significantly reduce petroleum consumption by 70 percent over present conventional vehicles.

Application Level Protocol Development for Library and Information Science Applications. Volume 1: Service Definition. Volume 2: Protocol Specification. Report No. TG.1.5; TG.50.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aagaard, James S.; And Others

This two-volume document specifies a protocol that was developed using the Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI), which provides a framework for communications within a heterogeneous network environment. The protocol implements the features necessary for bibliographic searching, record maintenance, and mail transfer between…

Nesting in an Object Oriented Language is NOT for the Birds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Buhr, P. A.; Zarnke, C. R.

The notion of nested blocks has come into disfavour or has been ignored in recent program language design. Many of the current object oriented programming languages use subclassing as the sole mechanism to establish relationships between classes and have no general notion of nesting. We argue that nesting (and, more generally, hierarchical organization) is a powerful mechanism that provides facilities that are not otherwise possible in a class based programming language. We agree that traditional block structure and its associated nesting have severe problems, and we suggest several extensions to the notion of blocks and block structure that indirectly make nesting a useful and powerful mechanism, particularly in an object oriented programming system. The main extension is to allow references to definitions from outside of the containing block, thereby making the contained definitions available in a larger scope. References are made using either the name of the containing entity or an instance of the containing entity. The extensions suggest a way to organize the programming environment for a large, multi-user system. These facilities are not available with subclassing, and subclassing provides facilities not available by nesting; hence, an object oriented language can benefit by providing nesting as well.

Modernization of Koesters interferometer and high accuracy calibration gauge blocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

França, R. S.; Silva, I. L. M.; Couceiro, I. B.; Torres, M. A. C.; Bessa, M. S.; Costa, P. A.; Oliveira, W., Jr.; Grieneisen, H. P. H.

2016-07-01

The Optical Metrology Division (Diopt) of Inmetro is responsible for maintaining the national reference of the length unit according to International System of Units (SI) definitions. The length unit is realized by interferometric techniques and is disseminated to the dimensional community through calibrations of gauge blocks. Calibration of large gauge blocks from 100 mm to 1000 mm has been performed by Diopt with a Koesters interferometer with reference to spectral lines of a krypton discharge lamp. Replacement of this lamp by frequency stabilized lasers, traceable now to the time and frequency scale, is described and the first results are reported.

Young Children Use Shared Experience to Interpret Definite Reference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmerse, Daniel; Lieven, Elena; Tomasello, Michael

2015-01-01

We investigated whether children at the ages of two and three years understand that a speaker's use of the definite article specifies a referent that is in common ground between speaker and listener. An experimenter and a child engaged in joint actions in which the experimenter chose one of three similar objects of the same category to perform an…

46 CFR Appendix B to Part 154 - Stress Analyses Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Stress Analyses Definitions B Appendix B to Part 154...—Stress Analyses Definitions The following are the standard definitions of stresses for the analysis of an independent tank type B: Normal stress means the component of stress normal to the plane of reference...

An Analysis of Noun Definition in Cantonese

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

To, Carol Kit Sum; Stokes, Stephanie; Man, Yonnie; T'Sou, Benjamin

2013-01-01

This study investigated the noun definitions given by Cantonese speakers at different ages. Definitional responses on six concrete nouns from 1075 children aged 4;10 to 12;01 and 15 adults were analyzed with reference to the semantic content and the syntactic form. Results showed that conventional definitions produced by Cantonese adult speakers…

46 CFR Appendix B to Part 154 - Stress Analyses Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Stress Analyses Definitions B Appendix B to Part 154...—Stress Analyses Definitions The following are the standard definitions of stresses for the analysis of an independent tank type B: Normal stress means the component of stress normal to the plane of reference...

46 CFR Appendix B to Part 154 - Stress Analyses Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Stress Analyses Definitions B Appendix B to Part 154...—Stress Analyses Definitions The following are the standard definitions of stresses for the analysis of an independent tank type B: Normal stress means the component of stress normal to the plane of reference...

46 CFR Appendix B to Part 154 - Stress Analyses Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Stress Analyses Definitions B Appendix B to Part 154...—Stress Analyses Definitions The following are the standard definitions of stresses for the analysis of an independent tank type B: Normal stress means the component of stress normal to the plane of reference...

46 CFR Appendix B to Part 154 - Stress Analyses Definitions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Stress Analyses Definitions B Appendix B to Part 154...—Stress Analyses Definitions The following are the standard definitions of stresses for the analysis of an independent tank type B: Normal stress means the component of stress normal to the plane of reference...

21 CFR 107.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... CONSUMPTION INFANT FORMULA General Provisions § 107.3 Definitions. The following definitions shall apply, in...): Exempt formula. An exempt infant formula is an infant formula intended for commercial or charitable... of an infant formula or packages the infant formula in containers for distribution. References...

21 CFR 107.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... CONSUMPTION INFANT FORMULA General Provisions § 107.3 Definitions. The following definitions shall apply, in...): Exempt formula. An exempt infant formula is an infant formula intended for commercial or charitable... of an infant formula or packages the infant formula in containers for distribution. References...

16 CFR 1102.6 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Background and Definitions § 1102.6 Definitions. (a... Database. (2) Commission or CPSC means the Consumer Product Safety Commission. (3) Consumer product means a... private labeler. (7) Publicly Available Consumer Product Safety Information Database, also referred to as...

16 CFR 1102.6 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Background and Definitions § 1102.6 Definitions. (a... Database. (2) Commission or CPSC means the Consumer Product Safety Commission. (3) Consumer product means a... private labeler. (7) Publicly Available Consumer Product Safety Information Database, also referred to as...

Phase 1 of the near team hybrid passenger vehicle development program. Appendix C: Preliminary design data package, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Piccolo, R.

1979-01-01

The methodology used for vehicle layout and component definition is described as well as techniques for system optimization and energy evaluation. The preliminary design is examined with particular attention given to body and structure; propulsion system; crash analysis and handling; internal combustion engine; DC motor separately excited; Ni-Zn battery; transmission; control system; vehicle auxiliarries; weight breakdown, and life cycle costs. Formulas are given for the quantification of energy consumption and results are compared with the reference vehicle.

Critical appraisal of the Vienna consensus: performance indicators for assisted reproductive technology laboratories.

PubMed

Lopez-Regalado, María Luisa; Martínez-Granados, Luis; González-Utor, Antonio; Ortiz, Nereyda; Iglesias, Miriam; Ardoy, Manuel; Castilla, Jose A

2018-05-24

The Vienna consensus, based on the recommendations of an expert panel, has identified 19 performance indicators for assisted reproductive technology (ART) laboratories. Two levels of reference values are established for these performance indicators: competence and benchmark. For over 10 years, the Spanish embryology association (ASEBIR) has participated in the definition and design of ART performance indicators, seeking to establish specific guidelines for ART laboratories to enhance quality, safety and patient welfare. Four years ago, ASEBIR took part in an initiative by AENOR, the Spanish Association for Standardization and Certification, to develop a national standard in this field (UNE 17900:2013 System of quality management for assisted reproduction laboratories), extending the former requirements, based on ISO 9001, to include performance indicators. Considering the experience acquired, we discuss various aspects of the Vienna consensus and consider certain discrepancies in performance indicators between the consensus and UNE 179007:2013, and analyse the definitions, methodology and reference values used. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Fission Surface Power System Initial Concept Definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2010-01-01

Under the NASA Exploration Technology Development Program (ETDP) and in partnership with the Department of Energy (DOE), NASA has embarked on a project to develop Fission Surface Power (FSP) technology. The primary goals of the project are to 1) develop FSP concepts that meet expected surface power requirements at reasonable cost with added benefits over other options, 2) establish a hardwarebased technical foundation for FSP design concepts and reduce overall development risk, 3) reduce the cost uncertainties for FSP and establish greater credibility for flight system cost estimates, and 4) generate the key products to allow NASA decision-makers to consider FSP as a preferred option for flight development. The FSP project was initiated in 2006 as the Prometheus Program and the Jupiter Icy Moons Orbiter (JIMO) mission were phased-out. As a first step, NASA Headquarters commissioned the Affordable Fission Surface Power System Study to evaluate the potential for an affordable FSP development approach. With a cost-effective FSP strategy identified, the FSP team evaluated design options and selected a Preliminary Reference Concept to guide technology development. Since then, the FSP Preliminary Reference Concept has served as a point-of-departure for several NASA mission architecture studies examining the use of nuclear power and has provided the foundation for a series of "Pathfinder" hardware tests. The long-term technology goal is a Technology Demonstration Unit (TDU) integrated system test using full-scale components and a non-nuclear reactor simulator. The FSP team consists of Glenn Research Center (GRC), Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) and the DOE National Laboratories at Los Alamos (LANL), Idaho (INL), Oak Ridge (ORNL), and Sandia (SNL). The project is organized into two main elements: Concept Definition and Risk Reduction. Under Concept Definition, the team performs trade studies, develops analytical tools, and formulates system concepts. Under Risk Reduction the team develops hardware prototypes and conducts laboratory-based testing.

Systems Measures of Water Distribution System Resilience

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klise, Katherine A.; Murray, Regan; Walker, La Tonya Nicole

2015-01-01

Resilience is a concept that is being used increasingly to refer to the capacity of infrastructure systems to be prepared for and able to respond effectively and rapidly to hazardous events. In Section 2 of this report, drinking water hazards, resilience literature, and available resilience tools are presented. Broader definitions, attributes and methods for measuring resilience are presented in Section 3. In Section 4, quantitative systems performance measures for water distribution systems are presented. Finally, in Section 5, the performance measures and their relevance to measuring the resilience of water systems to hazards is discussed along with needed improvements tomore » water distribution system modeling tools.« less

The Swedish Research Council's definition of 'scientific misconduct': a critique.

PubMed

Salwén, Håkan

2015-02-01

There is no consensus over the proper definition of 'scientific misconduct.' There are differences in opinion not only between countries but also between research institutions in the same country. This is unfortunate. Without a widely accepted definition it is difficult for scientists to adjust to new research milieux. This might hamper scientific innovation and make cooperation difficult. Furthermore, due to the potentially damaging consequences it is important to combat misconduct. But how frequent is it and what measures are efficient? Without an appropriate definition there are no interesting answers to these questions. In order to achieve a high degree of consensus and to foster research integrity, the international dialogue over the proper definition of 'scientific misconduct' must be on going. Yet, the scientific community should not end up with the definition suggested by the Swedish Research Council. The definition the council advocates does not satisfy the ordinary language condition. That is, the definition is not consistent with how 'scientific misconduct' is used by scientists. I will show that this is due to the fact that it refers to false results. I generalise this and argue that no adequate definition of 'scientific misconduct' makes such a reference.

Molecular diodes based on conjugated diblock co-oligomers.

PubMed

Ng, Man-Kit; Lee, Dong-Chan; Yu, Luping

2002-10-09

This report describes synthesis and characterization of a molecular diode based upon a diblock conjugated oligomer system. This system consists of two conjugated blocks with opposite electronic demand. The molecular structure exhibits a built-in electronic asymmetry, much like a semiconductor p-n junction. Electrical measurements by scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) clearly revealed a pronounced rectifying effect. Definitive proof for the molecular nature of the rectifying effect in this conjugated diblock molecule is provided by control experiments with a structurally similar reference compound.

Expert system isssues in automated, autonomous space vehicle rendezvous

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goodwin, Mary Ann; Bochsler, Daniel C.

1987-01-01

The problems involved in automated autonomous rendezvous are briefly reviewed, and the Rendezvous Expert (RENEX) expert system is discussed with reference to its goals, approach used, and knowledge structure and contents. RENEX has been developed to support streamlining operations for the Space Shuttle and Space Station program and to aid definition of mission requirements for the autonomous portions of rendezvous for the Mars Surface Sample Return and Comet Nucleus Sample return unmanned missions. The experience with REMEX to date and recommendations for further development are presented.

State of the art in adaptive control of robotic systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tosunoglu, Sabri; Tesar, Delbert

1988-01-01

An up-to-date assessment of adaptive control technology as applied to robotics is presented. Although the field is relatively new and does not yet represent a mature discipline, considerable attention for the design of sophisticated robot controllers has occured. In this presentation, adaptive control methods are divided into model reference adaptive systems and self-tuning regulators, with further definition of various approaches given in each class. The similarity and distinct features of the designed controllers are delineated and tabulated to enhance comparative review.

16 CFR § 1102.6 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE Background and Definitions § 1102.6 Definitions. (a... Database. (2) Commission or CPSC means the Consumer Product Safety Commission. (3) Consumer product means a... private labeler. (7) Publicly Available Consumer Product Safety Information Database, also referred to as...

46 CFR 309.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Definitions. 309.2 Section 309.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS VALUES FOR WAR RISK INSURANCE § 309.2 Definitions. (a) Ship Valuation Committee means the Ship Valuation Committee referred to in Maritime...

46 CFR 309.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 309.2 Section 309.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS VALUES FOR WAR RISK INSURANCE § 309.2 Definitions. (a) Ship Valuation Committee means the Ship Valuation Committee referred to in Maritime...

46 CFR 309.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Definitions. 309.2 Section 309.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS VALUES FOR WAR RISK INSURANCE § 309.2 Definitions. (a) Ship Valuation Committee means the Ship Valuation Committee referred to in Maritime...

46 CFR 309.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Definitions. 309.2 Section 309.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS VALUES FOR WAR RISK INSURANCE § 309.2 Definitions. (a) Ship Valuation Committee means the Ship Valuation Committee referred to in Maritime...

46 CFR 309.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Definitions. 309.2 Section 309.2 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS VALUES FOR WAR RISK INSURANCE § 309.2 Definitions. (a) Ship Valuation Committee means the Ship Valuation Committee referred to in Maritime...

7 CFR 1940.302 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) GENERAL Environmental Program § 1940.302 Definitions. Following is a list of definitions that apply to the implementation of this subpart. Please note that § 1940.301(b) of this subpart refers to the Council on Environmental Quality's Regulations for Implementing the Procedural Provisions...

Operational Exploitation of Satellite-Based Sounding Data and Numerical Weather Prediction Models for Directed Energy Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-01

Verification Tool for Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference (LEEDR) Development ................................... 45 3.5 Gap Filling with NWP... effective cloud cover for all cloud layers within the AIRS field-of-view. ......................................... 59 Figure 37. Average wind...IR Infrared JPL Jet Propulsion Lab LEEDR Laser Environmental Effects Definition and Reference LIDAR Light Detection and Ranging MODIS Moderate

Experimental investigations of weak definite and weak indefinite noun phrases

PubMed Central

Klein, Natalie M.; Gegg-Harrison, Whitney M.; Carlson, Greg N.; Tanenhaus, Michael K.

2013-01-01

Definite noun phrases typically refer to entities that are uniquely identifiable in the speaker and addressee’s common ground. Some definite noun phrases (e.g. the hospital in Mary had to go the hospital and John did too) seem to violate this uniqueness constraint. We report six experiments that were motivated by the hypothesis that these “weak definite” interpretations arise in “incorporated” constructions. Experiments 1-3 compared nouns that seem to allow for a weak definite interpretation (e.g. hospital, bank, bus, radio) with those that do not (e.g. farm, concert, car, book). Experiments 1 and 2 used an instruction-following task and picture-judgment task, respectively, to demonstrate that a weak definite need not uniquely refer. In Experiment 3 participants imagined scenarios described by sentences such as The Federal Express driver had to go to the hospital/farm. The imagined scenarios following weak definite noun phrases were more likely to include conventional activities associated with the object, whereas following regular nouns, participants were more likely to imagine scenarios that included typical activities associated with the subject; similar effects were observed with weak indefinites. Experiment 4 found that object-related activities were reduced when the same subject and object were used with a verb that does not license weak definite interpretations. In Experiment 5, a science fiction story introduced an artificial lexicon for novel concepts. Novel nouns that shared conceptual properties with English weak definite nouns were more likely to allow weak reference in a judgment task. Experiment 6 demonstrated that familiarity for definite articles and anti- familiarity for indefinite articles applies to the activity associated with the noun, consistent with predictions made by the incorporation analysis. PMID:23685208

An evaluation of the usefulness of consensus definitions of sarcopenia in older men: results from the observational Osteoporotic Fractures in Men (MrOS) cohort study

PubMed Central

Cawthon, Peggy M; Blackwell, Terri L; Cauley, Jane; Kado, Deborah M; Barrett-Connor, Elizabeth; Lee, Christine G; Hoffman, Andrew R; Nevitt, Michael M; Stefanick, Marcia L; Lane, Nancy E; Ensrud, Kristine E; Cummings, Steven R; Orwoll, Eric S

2016-01-01

Background Recently, several consensus definitions for sarcopenia have been developed. Objective To evaluate the associations and discriminative ability of definitions of sarcopenia against clinical outcomes. Design Osteoporotic Fractures in Men study Setting Six clinical centers Participants 5,934 community-dwelling men aged ≥65 yrs Measurements Sarcopenia definitions evaluated were: International Working Group (IWG), European Working Group for Sarcopenia in Older Persons (EWGSOP), Foundation for the NIH (FNIH) Sarcopenia, Baumgartner, and Newman. Recurrent falls were defined as ≥2 self-reported falls in the year after baseline (N=694, 11.9%). Incident hip fractures (N=207, 3.5 %) and deaths (N=2003, 34.1%) were confirmed by central review of medical records over 9.8 years. Self-reported functional limitations were assessed at baseline and again 4.6 years later. Logistic regression or proportional hazards models estimated associations between sarcopenia and falls, hip fractures or death. The discriminative ability of the sarcopenia definitions (compared to referent models) for these outcomes was evaluated with areas under the receiver operator curve (AUCs) or C-statistics. Referent models included age alone for falls, function limitations and mortality, and age and BMD for hip fractures. Results The association between sarcopenia by the various definitions and risk of falls, functional limitations, and hip fractures was variable; all definitions were associated with increased mortality risk. However, none of the definitions materially changed discrimination based on AUC and C-statistic when compared to referent models (change ≤1% in all models). Conclusions Sarcopenia definitions as currently constructed did not consistently improve prediction of clinical outcomes in relatively healthy older men. PMID:26502831

New definition of complexity for self-gravitating fluid distributions: The spherically symmetric, static case

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herrera, L.

2018-02-01

We put forward a new definition of complexity, for static and spherically symmetric self-gravitating systems, based on a quantity, hereafter referred to as complexity factor, that appears in the orthogonal splitting of the Riemann tensor, in the context of general relativity. We start by assuming that the homogeneous (in the energy density) fluid, with isotropic pressure is endowed with minimal complexity. For this kind of fluid distribution, the value of complexity factor is zero. So, the rationale behind our proposal for the definition of complexity factor stems from the fact that it measures the departure, in the value of the active gravitational mass (Tolman mass), with respect to its value for a zero complexity system. Such departure is produced by a specific combination of energy density inhomogeneity and pressure anisotropy. Thus, zero complexity factor may also be found in self-gravitating systems with inhomogeneous energy density and anisotropic pressure, provided the effects of these two factors, on the complexity factor, cancel each other. Some exact interior solutions to the Einstein equations satisfying the zero complexity criterium are found, and prospective applications of this newly defined concept, to the study of the structure and evolution of compact objects, are discussed.

Space construction system analysis. Part 2: Platform definition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hart, R. J.; Myers, H. L.; Abramson, R. D.; Dejong, P. N.; Donavan, R. D.; Greenberg, H. S.; Indrikis, J.; Jandrasi, J. S.; Manoff, M.; Mcbaine, C. K.

1980-01-01

The top level system requirements are summarized and the accompanying conceptual design for an engineering and technology verification platform (ETVP) system is presented. An encompassing statement of the system objectives which drive the system requirements is presented and the major mission and subsystem requirements are described with emphasis on the advanced communications technology mission payload. The platform design is defined and used as a reference configuration for an end to space construction analyses. The preferred construction methods and processes, the important interactions between the platform design and the construction system design and operation, and the technology development efforts required to support the design and space construction of the ETVP are outlined.

10 CFR 435.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Definitions. 435.2 Section 435.2 Energy DEPARTMENT OF... Mandatory Energy Efficiency Standards for Federal Low-Rise Residential Buildings. § 435.2 Definitions. For... International Energy Conservation Code, 2004 Supplement Edition, January 2005 (incorporated by reference, see...

106-17 Telemetry Standards Chapter 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-01

Telemetry Standards , RCC Standard 106-17 Chapter 1, July 2017 1-1 CHAPTER 1 Introduction The Telemetry Standards address the here-to-date...generally devoted to a different element of the telemetry system or process . Chapters 21 through 28 address the topic of network telemetry. These...Commonly used terms are defined in standard reference glossaries and dictionaries. Definitions of terms with special applications are included when

Comparison of medicine availability measurements at health facilities: evidence from Service Provision Assessment surveys in five sub-Saharan African countries.

PubMed

Choi, Yoonjoung; Ametepi, Paul

2013-07-09

With growing emphasis on health systems strengthening in global health, various health facility assessment methods have been used increasingly to measure medicine and commodity availability. However, few studies have systematically compared estimates of availability based on different definitions. The objective of this study was to compare estimates of medicine availability based on different definitions. A secondary data analysis was conducted using data from the Service Provision Assessment (SPA)--a nationally representative sample survey of health facilities--conducted in five countries: Kenya SPA 2010, Namibia SPA 2009, Rwanda SPA 2007, Tanzania SPA 2006, and Uganda SPA 2007. For 32 medicines, percent of facilities having the medicine were estimated using five definitions: four for current availability and one for six-month period availability. 'Observed availability of at least one valid unit' was used as a reference definition, and ratios between the reference and each of the other four estimates were calculated. Summary statistics of the ratios among the 32 medicines were calculated by country. The ratios were compared further between public and non-public facilities within each country. Across five countries, compared to current observed availability of at least one valid unit, 'reported availability without observation' was on average 6% higher (ranging from 3% in Rwanda to 8% in Namibia), 'observed availability where all units were valid' was 11% lower (ranging from 2% in Tanzania to 19% in Uganda), and 'six-month period availability' was 14% lower (ranging from 5% in Namibia to 25% in Uganda). Medicine availability estimates vary substantially across definitions, and need to be interpreted with careful consideration of the methods used.

What is open peer review? A systematic review

PubMed Central

Ross-Hellauer, Tony

2017-01-01

Background: “Open peer review” (OPR), despite being a major pillar of Open Science, has neither a standardized definition nor an agreed schema of its features and implementations. The literature reflects this, with numerous overlapping and contradictory definitions. While for some the term refers to peer review where the identities of both author and reviewer are disclosed to each other, for others it signifies systems where reviewer reports are published alongside articles. For others it signifies both of these conditions, and for yet others it describes systems where not only “invited experts” are able to comment. For still others, it includes a variety of combinations of these and other novel methods. Methods: Recognising the absence of a consensus view on what open peer review is, this article undertakes a systematic review of definitions of “open peer review” or “open review”, to create a corpus of 122 definitions. These definitions are systematically analysed to build a coherent typology of the various innovations in peer review signified by the term, and hence provide the precise technical definition currently lacking. Results: This quantifiable data yields rich information on the range and extent of differing definitions over time and by broad subject area. Quantifying definitions in this way allows us to accurately portray exactly how ambiguously the phrase “open peer review” has been used thus far, for the literature offers 22 distinct configurations of seven traits, effectively meaning that there are 22 different definitions of OPR in the literature reviewed. Conclusions: I propose a pragmatic definition of open peer review as an umbrella term for a number of overlapping ways that peer review models can be adapted in line with the aims of Open Science, including making reviewer and author identities open, publishing review reports and enabling greater participation in the peer review process. PMID:28580134

77 FR 10943 - Small Business Size Standards: Transportation and Warehousing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-24

... assistance programs, SBA establishes small business size definitions (referred to as size standards) for... business concern * * *'' Sec. 3(a)(2)(C)(ii)(II) [emphasis added]. Third, SBA's existing definitions of... establishes distinct definitions to determine which businesses are deemed small businesses. The Small Business...

7 CFR 43.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SAMPLING PLANS Definitions § 43.102 Definitions. Statistical and inspection or sampling terms and their... probability of acceptance (Pa) for the Limited Quality (LQ) lots. The consumer protection is 90 percent in... the standards of this subpart that have a ten percent probability of acceptance are referred to as a...

Lack of consensus on optimal acetabular cup orientation because of variation in assessment methods in total hip arthroplasty: a systematic review.

PubMed

Snijders, Thom E; Willemsen, Koen; van Gaalen, Steven M; Castelein, Rene M; Weinans, Harrie; de Gast, Arthur

2018-05-01

Dislocation is one of the main reasons for revision of total hip arthroplasty but dislocation rates have not changed in the past decades, compromising patients' well-being. Acetabular cup orientation plays a key role in implant stability and has been widely studied. This article investigates whether there is a consensus on optimal cup orientation, which is necessary when using a navigation system. A systematic search of the literature in the PubMed, Embase and Cochrane databases was performed (March 2017) to identify articles that investigated the direct relationship between cup orientation and dislocation, including a thorough evaluation of postoperative cup orientation assessment methods. Twenty eight relevant articles evaluating a direct relation between dislocation and cup orientation could not come to a consensus. The key reason is a lack of uniformity in the assessment of cup orientation. Cup orientation is assessed with different imaging modalities, different methodologies, different definitions for inclination and anteversion, several reference planes and distinct patient positions. All available studies lack uniformity in cup orientation assessment; therefore it is impossible to reach consensus on optimal cup orientation. Using navigation systems for placement of the cup is inevitably flawed when using different definitions in the preoperative planning, peroperative placement and postoperative evaluation. Further methodological development is required to assess cup orientation. Consequently, the postoperative assessment should be uniform, thus differentiating between anterior and posterior dislocation, use the same definitions for inclination and anteversion with the same reference plane and with the patient in the same position.

Evaluation of a Spotted Fever Group Rickettsia Public Health Surveillance System in Tennessee.

PubMed

Fill, Mary-Margaret A; Moncayo, Abelardo C; Bloch, Karen C; Dunn, John R; Schaffner, William; Jones, Timothy F

2017-09-01

Spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsioses are endemic in Tennessee, with ∼2,500 cases reported during 2000-2012. Because of this substantial burden of disease, we performed a three-part evaluation of Tennessee's routine surveillance for SFG rickettsioses cases and deaths to assess the system's effectiveness. Tennessee Department of Health (TDH) SFG rickettsioses surveillance records were matched to three patient series: 1) patients with positive serologic specimens from a commercial reference laboratory during 2010-2011, 2) tertiary medical center patients with positive serologic tests during 2007-2013, and 3) patients identified from death certificates issued during 1995-2014 with SFG rickettsiosis-related causes of death. Chart reviews were performed and patients were classified according to the Council of State and Territorial Epidemiologists' case definition. Of 254 SFG Rickettsia -positive serologic specimens from the reference laboratory, 129 (51%) met the case definition for confirmed or probable cases of rickettsial disease after chart review. The sensitivity of the TDH surveillance system to detect cases was 45%. Of the 98 confirmed or probable cases identified from the medical center, the sensitivity of the TDH surveillance system to detect cases was 34%. Of 27 patients identified by death certificates, 12 (44%) were classified as confirmed or probable cases; four (33%) were reported to TDH, but none were correctly identified as deceased. Cases of SFG rickettsioses were underreported and fatalities not correctly identified. Efforts are needed to improve SFG rickettsiosis surveillance in Tennessee.

HDRK-Woman: whole-body voxel model based on high-resolution color slice images of Korean adult female cadaver

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeom, Yeon Soo; Jeong, Jong Hwi; Kim, Chan Hyeong; Han, Min Cheol; Ham, Bo Kyoung; Cho, Kun Woo; Hwang, Sung Bae

2014-07-01

In a previous study, we constructed a male reference Korean phantom; HDRK-Man (High-Definition Reference Korean-Man), to represent Korean adult males for radiation protection purposes. In the present study, a female phantom; HDRK-Woman (High-Definition Reference Korean-Woman), was constructed to represent Korean adult females. High-resolution color photographic images obtained by serial sectioning of a 26 year-old Korean adult female cadaver were utilized. The body height and weight, the skeletal mass, and the dimensions of the individual organs and tissues were adjusted to the reference Korean data. The phantom was then compared with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) female reference phantom in terms of calculated organ doses and organ-depth distributions. Additionally, the effective doses were calculated using both the HDRK-Man and HDRK-Woman phantoms, and the values were compared with those of the ICRP reference phantoms.

HDRK-Woman: whole-body voxel model based on high-resolution color slice images of Korean adult female cadaver.

PubMed

Yeom, Yeon Soo; Jeong, Jong Hwi; Kim, Chan Hyeong; Han, Min Cheol; Ham, Bo Kyoung; Cho, Kun Woo; Hwang, Sung Bae

2014-07-21

In a previous study, we constructed a male reference Korean phantom; HDRK-Man (High-Definition Reference Korean-Man), to represent Korean adult males for radiation protection purposes. In the present study, a female phantom; HDRK-Woman (High-Definition Reference Korean-Woman), was constructed to represent Korean adult females. High-resolution color photographic images obtained by serial sectioning of a 26 year-old Korean adult female cadaver were utilized. The body height and weight, the skeletal mass, and the dimensions of the individual organs and tissues were adjusted to the reference Korean data. The phantom was then compared with the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) female reference phantom in terms of calculated organ doses and organ-depth distributions. Additionally, the effective doses were calculated using both the HDRK-Man and HDRK-Woman phantoms, and the values were compared with those of the ICRP reference phantoms.

Choice of Reference Serum Creatinine in Defining Acute Kidney Injury.

PubMed

Siew, Edward D; Matheny, Michael E

2015-01-01

The study of acute kidney injury (AKI) has expanded with the increasing availability of electronic health records and the use of standardized definitions. Understanding the impact of AKI between settings is limited by heterogeneity in the selection of reference creatinine to anchor the definition of AKI. In this mini-review, we discuss different approaches used to select reference creatinine and their relative merits and limitations. We reviewed the literature to obtain representative examples of published baseline creatinine definitions when pre-hospital data were not available, as well as literature evaluating the estimation of baseline renal function, using PubMed and reference back-tracing within known works. (1) Pre-hospital creatinine values are useful in determining reference creatinine, and in high-risk populations, the mean outpatient serum creatinine value 7-365 days before hospitalization closely approximates nephrology adjudication, (2) in patients without pre-hospital data, the eGFR 75 approach does not reliably estimate true AKI incidence in most at-risk populations, (3) using the lowest inpatient serum creatinine may be reasonable, especially in those with preserved kidney function, but may generously estimate AKI incidence and severity and miss community-acquired AKI that does not fully resolve, (4) using more specific definitions of AKI (e.g., KIDGO stages 2 and 3) may help to reduce the effects of misclassification when using surrogate values and (5) leveraging available clinical data may help refine the estimate of reference creatinine. Choosing reference creatinine for AKI calculation is important for AKI classification and study interpretation. We recommend obtaining data on pre-hospital kidney function, wherever possible. In studies where surrogate estimates are used, transparency in how they are applied and discussion that informs the reader of potential biases should be provided. Further work to refine the estimation of reference creatinine is needed. © 2015 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Variation in Definition of Prolonged Mechanical Ventilation.

PubMed

Rose, Louise; McGinlay, Michael; Amin, Reshma; Burns, Karen Ea; Connolly, Bronwen; Hart, Nicholas; Jouvet, Philippe; Katz, Sherri; Leasa, David; Mawdsley, Cathy; McAuley, Danny F; Schultz, Marcus J; Blackwood, Bronagh

2017-10-01

Consistency of definitional criteria for terminology applied to describe subject cohorts receiving mechanical ventilation within ICU and post-acute care settings is important for understanding prevalence, risk stratification, effectiveness of interventions, and projections for resource allocation. Our objective was to quantify the application and definition of terms for prolonged mechanical ventilation. We conducted a scoping review of studies (all designs except single-case study) reporting a study population (adult and pediatric) using the term prolonged mechanical ventilation or a synonym. We screened 5,331 references, reviewed 539 full-text references, and excluded 120. Of the 419 studies (representing 38 countries) meeting inclusion criteria, 297 (71%) reported data on a heterogeneous subject cohort, and 66 (16%) included surgical subjects only (46 of those 66, 70% cardiac surgery). Other studies described COPD (16, 4%), trauma (22, 5%), neuromuscular (17, 4%), and sepsis (1, 0.2%) cohorts. A total of 741 terms were used to refer to the 419 study cohorts. The most common terms were: prolonged mechanical ventilation (253, 60%), admission to specialized unit (107, 26%), and long-term mechanical ventilation (79, 19%). Some authors (282, 67%) defined their cohorts based on duration of mechanical ventilation, with 154 studies (55%) using this as the sole criterion. We identified 37 different durations of ventilation ranging from 5 h to 1 y, with > 21 d being the most common (28 of 282, 7%). For studies describing a surgical cohort, minimum ventilation duration required for inclusion was ≥ 24 h for 20 of 66 studies (30%). More than half of all studies (237, 57%) did not provide a reason/rationale for definitional criteria used, with only 28 studies (7%) referring to a consensus definition. We conclude that substantial variation exists in the terminology and definitional criteria for cohorts of subjects receiving prolonged mechanical ventilation. Standardization of terminology and definitional criteria is required for study data to be maximally informative. Copyright © 2017 by Daedalus Enterprises.

Mission applications for advanced photovoltaic solar arrays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stella, Paul M.; West, John L.; Chave, Robert G.; Mcgee, David P.; Yen, Albert S.

1990-01-01

The suitability of the Advanced Photovoltaic Solar Array (APSA) for future space missions was examined by considering the impact on the spacecraft system in general. The lightweight flexible blanket array system was compared to rigid arrays and a radio-isotope thermoelectric generator (RTG) static power source for a wide range of assumed future earth orbiting and interplanetary mission applications. The study approach was to establish assessment criteria and a rating scheme, identify a reference mission set, perform the power system assessment for each mission, and develop conclusions and recommendations to guide future APSA technology development. The authors discuss the three selected power sources, the assessment criteria and rating definitions, and the reference missions. They present the assessment results in a convenient tabular format. It is concluded that the three power sources examined, APSA, conventional solar arrays, and RTGs, can be considered to complement each other. Each power technology has its own range of preferred applications.

Parsing with logical variables (logic-based programming systems)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Finin, T.W.; Stone Palmer, M.

1983-01-01

Logic based programming systems have enjoyed an increasing popularity in applied AI work in the last few years. One of the contributions to computational linguistics made by the logic programming paradigm has been the definite clause grammar. In comparing DCGS with previous parsing mechanisms such as ATNS, certain clear advantages are seen. The authors feel that the most important of these advantages are due to the use of logical variables with unification as the fundamental operation on them. To illustrate the power of the logical variable, they have implemented an experimental atn system which treats atn registers as logical variablesmore » and provides a unification operation over them. They aim to simultaneously encourage the use of the powerful mechanisms available in DCGS and demonstrate that some of these techniques can be captured without reference to a resolution theorem prover. 14 references.« less

The Italy's D.P.C. - I.N.G.V. Project UNREST: Realization of an integrated method for the definition of the unrest phases at Campi Flegrei.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Civetta, Lucia; Del Pezzo, Edoardo

2010-05-01

In this poster we present the framework of the Project "UNREST" and the preliminary results obtained in the first 18 months of activity. The Campi Flegrei resurgent caldera, where several hundred thousands people live, have been characterized during last decades by several bradiseismic crises which determined the partial evacuation of the population, as for the crises in 1969-72 and 1982-84. Recent studies have revealed a process of unrest which continues since the fifties, and which presents characteristics similar to the several centuries-decades long unrest period which led to the last eruption in AD 1538. In the frame of last INGV-DPC Agreement a method has been developed, which allows accounting of any information and associated uncertainty coming from historical, field, and modelling studies, and from the monitoring network, providing a probability on the state of the volcano and on the occurrence of an eruption. In the present project this method is explored and developed, particularly through the experimentation of methods for the definition of reference parameters and thresholds, and of criteria and procedures to make it an operational tool useful for volcano surveillance and crisis management. The research in the project include the following points: a) Definition of the reference database for the validation of models of pre-eruptive dynamics. The database will include geologic, geophysic, geochemical, hydrological and hystorical data. b) Quantitative analysis of measured signals, and formulation of hypotheses on source mechanisms. c) Definition of a general conceptual model for the magma-rocks-geothermal system at Campi Flegrei. d) Physico-mathematical modelling and numerical simulation of the magmatic and geothermal process dynamics, and of the space-time relationships between such dynamics and the geophysical and geochemical signals measured at the surface. e) Definition of the critical parameters for the definition of the different unrest phases, and development of possible new methods for their determination. f) Realization of a prototype of an integrated multidisciplinary system for short term volcano hazard evaluation. This system should integrate the information coming from the monitoring network, the models and simulations, and any other kind of information source in the project, within a simple and efficient scheme like the Event Tree one. This should be useful in real time during emergencies, either real or simulated. g) Study of the methods for the operational use of the prototype above, and of the modalities for interfacing it with the DPC Functional Center.

The Environmental Heat Flux Routine, Version 4 (EHFR-4) and Multiple Reflections Routine (MRR). Volume 2: Programmers reference manual

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dietz, J. B.

1973-01-01

The EHFR program reference information which is presented consists of the following subprogram detailed data: purpose-description of the routine, a list of the calling programs, an argument list description, nomenclature definition, flow charts, and a compilation listing of each subprogram. Each of the EHFR subprograms were developed specifically for this routine and do not have an applicability of a general nature. Single precision accuracy available on the Univac 1108 is used exclusively in all but two of the 31 EHFR subprograms. The double precision variables required are identified in the nomenclature definition of the two subprograms that require them. A concise definition of the purpose, function, and capabilities is made in the subprogram description. The description references the appropriate Volume 1 sections of the report which contain the applicable detailed definitions, governing equations, and assumptions used. The compilation listing of each subprogram defines the program/data storage requirements, identifies the labeled block common data required, and identifies other subprograms called during execution. For Vol. 1, see N73-31842.

28 CFR 2.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTS United States Code Prisoners and Parolees § 2.1 Definitions. As used in this... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 2.1 Section 2.1 Judicial... members of the U.S. Parole Commission. (c) The term National Appeals Board refers to the three-member...

28 CFR 2.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTS United States Code Prisoners and Parolees § 2.1 Definitions. As used in this... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 2.1 Section 2.1 Judicial... members of the U.S. Parole Commission. (c) The term National Appeals Board refers to the three-member...

28 CFR 2.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTS United States Code Prisoners and Parolees § 2.1 Definitions. As used in this... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 2.1 Section 2.1 Judicial... members of the U.S. Parole Commission. (c) The term National Appeals Board refers to the three-member...

28 CFR 2.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTS United States Code Prisoners and Parolees § 2.1 Definitions. As used in this... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 2.1 Section 2.1 Judicial... members of the U.S. Parole Commission. (c) The term National Appeals Board refers to the three-member...

28 CFR 2.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., AND JUVENILE DELINQUENTS United States Code Prisoners and Parolees § 2.1 Definitions. As used in this... 28 Judicial Administration 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 2.1 Section 2.1 Judicial... members of the U.S. Parole Commission. (c) The term National Appeals Board refers to the three-member...

77 FR 62147 - Night Definition; Technical Amendment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-12

.... Nos. 1-1] Night Definition; Technical Amendment AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration, DOT. ACTION... Canada. In 14 CFR 1.1 the definition of night refers to twilight times as published in the ``American Air... make the amendment effective in less than 30 days. List of Subjects in 14 CFR Part 1 Air transportation...

Definitions: Health, Fitness, and Physical Activity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corbin, Charles B.; Pangrazi, Robert P.; Franks, B. Don

2000-01-01

This paper defines a variety of fitness components, using a simple multidimensional hierarchical model that is consistent with recent definitions in the literature. It groups the definitions into two broad categories: product and process. Products refer to states of being such as physical fitness, health, and wellness. They are commonly referred…

29 CFR 20.52 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Definitions. 20.52 Section 20.52 Labor Office of the... Definitions. For purposes of this subpart— (a) The terms claim and debt are deemed synonymous and interchangeable. They refer to an amount of money or property which has been determined by an appropriate agency...

76 FR 12358 - Common Formats for Patient Safety Data Collection and Event Reporting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-07

... HHS, AHRQ coordinates the development of a set of common definitions and reporting formats (Common... unsafe conditions that increase risks and hazards to patients. Definitions and other details about PSOs... hospitals and skilled nursing facilities. Definition of Common Formats The term ``Common Formats'' refers to...

Operational Definition of Active and Healthy Aging (AHA): The European Innovation Partnership (EIP) on AHA Reference Site Questionnaire: Montpellier October 20-21, 2014, Lisbon July 2, 2015.

PubMed

Bousquet, Jean; Malva, Joao; Nogues, Michel; Mañas, Leocadio Rodriguez; Vellas, Bruno; Farrell, John

2015-12-01

A core operational definition of active and healthy aging (AHA) is needed to conduct comparisons. A conceptual AHA framework proposed by the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site Network includes several items such as functioning (individual capability and underlying body systems), well-being, activities and participation, and diseases (including noncommunicable diseases, frailty, mental and oral health disorders). The instruments proposed to assess the conceptual framework of AHA have common applicability and availability attributes. The approach includes core and optional domains/instruments depending on the needs and the questions. A major common domain is function, as measured by the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS 2.0). WHODAS 2.0 can be used across all diseases and healthy individuals. It covers many of the AHA dimensions proposed by the Reference Site network. However, WHODAS 2.0 does not include all dimensions proposed for AHA assessment. The second common domain is health-related quality of life (HRQoL). A report of the AHA questionnaire in the form of a spider net has been proposed to facilitate usual comparisons across individuals and groups of interest. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Relation Between the Celestial Reference System and the Terrestrial Reference System of a Rigid Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aoki, Shinko

1987-03-01

A relation between the Celestial Reference System (CRS) and the Terrestrial Reference System is established theoretically by solving the equations of motion of a rigid Earth under the influence of the Sun and the Moon up to the second order perturbation. The solutions include not only nutation including Oppolzer terms but also the right ascension of the dynamical departure point (DP), as well as the wobble matrix. We have found that the kinematical definition of the Non-Rotating Origin NRO (for which our term is DP) given by Capitaine, Guinot and Souchay (1987) is not entirely equivalent to that included in the solutions of the equations of motion but shows perturbation, in particular when this is taken on the instantaneous equator. Besides this serious fault, we feel little merit in taking the DP as reference: (1) Unnecessary spurious mixed secular terms appear which come from the geometrical configuration that the DP leaves far and far from the ecliptic. (2) the DP moves secularly as well as oscillating with respect to space; this literally contradicts the term ‘NRO’, or is at least misleading. (3) It does not free us from the precession uncertainty to adopt DP as reference, since we cannot avoid virtual proper motions in terms of the current CRS. (4) No terms ignored hitherto are introduced, even if we take the DP properly chosen, i.e., on the equator of the celestial ephemeris pole. The transformation is only mathematical. There is no sufficient reason to take it instead of the equinox, which is observable in principle, as reference at the cost of the labor of changing all the textbooks, ephemerides, data and computer software now existing.

The Self-Referring Text: Strategies and Intentions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington, Gene

This paper discusses self-reference in the text, in order to examine its rhetorical intentions, and the writing strategies it offers an author. Following a brief introduction, the first section deals with definitions, and classifies self-reference "markers." The second section discusses intentions and self-reference, while the third…

Space Station flight telerobotic servicer functional requirements development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Oberright, John; Mccain, Harry; Whitman, Ruth I.

1987-01-01

The Space Station flight telerobotic servicer (FTS), a flight robotic system for use on the first Space Station launch, is described. The objectives of the FTS program include: (1) the provision of an alternative crew EVA by supporting the crew in assembly, maintenance, and servicing activities, and (2) the improvement of crew safety by performing hazardous tasks such as spacecraft refueling or thermal and power system maintenance. The NASA/NBS Standard Reference Model provides the generic, hierarchical, structured functional control definition for the system. It is capable of accommodating additional degrees of machine intelligence in the future.

Facial measurements for frame design.

PubMed

Tang, C Y; Tang, N; Stewart, M C

1998-04-01

Anthropometric data for the purpose of spectacle frame design are scarce in the literature. Definitions of facial features to be measured with existing systems of facial measurement are often not specific enough for frame design and manufacturing. Currently, for individual frame design, experienced personnel collect data with facial rules or instruments. A new measuring system is proposed, making use of a template in the form of a spectacle frame. Upon fitting the template onto a subject, most of the measuring references can be defined. Such a system can be administered by lesser-trained personnel and can be used for researches covering a larger population.

Dosimetric characteristics of Novalis Tx system with high definition multileaf collimator

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang Zheng; Wang Zhiheng; Wu, Q. Jackie

A new Novalis Tx system equipped with a high definition multileaf collimator (HDMLC) recently became available to perform both image-guided radiosurgery and conventional radiotherapy. It is capable of delivering a highly conformal radiation dose with three energy modes: 6 MV photon energy, 15 MV photon energy, and 6 MV photon energy in a stereotactic radiosurgery mode with 1000 MU/min dose rate. Dosimetric characteristics of the new Novalis Tx treatment unit with the HDMLC are systematically measured for commissioning. A high resolution diode detector and miniion-chamber detector are used to measure dosimetric data for a range of field sizes from 4x4more » mm to 400x400 mm. The commissioned Novalis Tx system has passed the RPC stereotactic radiosurgery head phantom irradiation test. The Novalis Tx system not only expands its capabilities with three energy modes, but also achieves better beam conformity and sharer beam penumbra with HDMLC. Since there is little beam data information available for the new Novalis Tx system, we present in this work the dosimetric data of the new modality for reference and comparison.« less

Adiabatic diesel engine component development: Reference engine for on-highway applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hakim, Nabil S.

1986-01-01

The main objectives were to select an advanced low heat rejection diesel reference engine (ADRE) and to carry out systems analysis and design. The ADRE concept selection consisted of: (1) rated point performance optimization; (2) study of various exhaust energy recovery scenarios; (3) components, systems and engine configuration studies; and (4) life cycle cost estimates of the ADRE economic worth. The resulting ADRE design proposed a reciprocator with many advanced features for the 1995 technology demonstration time frame. These included ceramic air gap insulated hot section structural components, high temperature tribology treatments, nonmechanical (camless) valve actuation systems, and elimination of the cylinder head gasket. ADRE system analysis and design resulted in more definition of the engine systems. These systems include: (1) electro-hydraulic valve actuation, (2) electronic common rail injection system; (3) engine electronic control; (4) power transfer for accessory drives and exhaust energy recovery systems; and (5) truck installation. Tribology and performance assessments were also carried out. Finite element and probability of survival analyses were undertaken for the ceramic low heat rejection component.

Vision sensor and dual MEMS gyroscope integrated system for attitude determination on moving base

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Xiaoting; Sun, Changku; Wang, Peng; Huang, Lu

2018-01-01

To determine the relative attitude between the objects on a moving base and the base reference system by a MEMS (Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems) gyroscope, the motion information of the base is redundant, which must be removed from the gyroscope. Our strategy is to add an auxiliary gyroscope attached to the reference system. The master gyroscope is to sense the total motion, and the auxiliary gyroscope is to sense the motion of the moving base. By a generalized difference method, relative attitude in a non-inertial frame can be determined by dual gyroscopes. With the vision sensor suppressing accumulative drift of the MEMS gyroscope, the vision and dual MEMS gyroscope integration system is formed. Coordinate system definitions and spatial transform are executed in order to fuse inertial and visual data from different coordinate systems together. And a nonlinear filter algorithm, Cubature Kalman filter, is used to fuse slow visual data and fast inertial data together. A practical experimental setup is built up and used to validate feasibility and effectiveness of our proposed attitude determination system in the non-inertial frame on the moving base.

[Chest trauma: who, how and what?].

PubMed

Molnár, F Tamás

2012-10-01

A chest-trauma management system, tagged as the "Pécs model" in a tertiary referral center is described with extensive references to the state of the art in thoracic trauma. Chest drainage has utmost importance in primary therapy as well as in surgical decision making (diagnosis). Thoracotomy is a general surgical competence, just as damage control is. Definitive treatment and management of sequelae, however, requires competence in thoracic surgery. Multidisciplinarity is underscored.

Navigation System Design and State Estimation for a Small Rigid Hull Inflatable Boat (RHIB)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

addition of the Coriolis term as previously defined has no effect on pitch, only one measurement is compared against Condor’s true pitch angle values...33  B.  REFERENCE FRAME DEFINITIONS ......................................................33  1.  Earth Centered Inertial...the effect of higher order terms. Lastly, the zeroth weight of the scaled weight set can be modified to incorporate prior knowledge of the

Book Review: Precession, Nutation, and Wobble of the Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sterken, Christiaan; Dehant, V.; Mathews, P. M.

2016-10-01

This great book describes and explains observational and computational aspects of three apparently tiny changes in the Earth's motion and orientation, viz., precession, nutation, and wobble. The three introductory chapters of this book present fundamental definitions, elementary geodetic theory, and celestial/terrestrial reference systems - including transformations between reference frames. The next chapter on observational techniques describes the principle of accurate measurements of the orientation of the Earth's axis, as obtained from measurements of extra-galactic radio sources using Very Long Baseline Interferometry and GPS observations. Chapter 5 handles precession and nutation of the rigid Earth (i.e., a celestial body that cannot, by definition, deform) and the subsequent chapter takes deformation into consideration, viz., the effect of a centrifugal force caused by a constant-rate rotation that causes the Earth's shape and structure to become ellipsoidal. Deformations caused by external solar-system bodies are discussed in terms of deformability parameters. The next three chapters handle additional complex deviations: non-rigid Earth and more general Earth models, anelastic Earth parameters, and the effects of the fluid layers (i.e., ocean and atmosphere) on Earth rotation. Chapter 10 complements Chapter 7 with refinements that take into account diverse small effects such as the effect of a thermal conductive layer at the top of the core, Core Mantle and Inner Boundary coupling effects on nutation, electromagnetic coupling, and so-called topographic coupling. Chapter 11 covers comparison of observation and theory, and tells us that the present-date precision of the nutation theory is at the level of milliarcseconds in the time domain, and of a tenth of a microsecond in the frequency domain (with some exceptions). This chapter is followed by a 25-page chapter of definitions of equator, equinox, celestial intermediate pole and origin, stellar angle, universal time, and more. Chapter 13 treats the planet Mars, as it is also rapidly rotating, has an equatorial bulge and an obliquity that is comparable to that of the Earth. The last chapter is followed by three Appendices, viz., Rotation representation, Clairaut theory and Definitions of equinoxes. Appendix A deals with rotation vector and rotation matrix, specifically applied to small angles, such as in the case of rotation from change of pole position. Appendix B expresses the Earth's gravitational potential, and the first-order hypothesis that the Earth is in hydrostatic equilibrium, and that its uniformly-rotating surface is an equipotential corresponding to the mean sea level. Appendix C presents a set of definitions of equinoxes. This book is extremely well documented with more than 50 pages of references that are very up to date. The illustrations (exclusively line art diagrams) are all of good quality and the data tables are rich and well formatted. The language is clear and direct, but with nearly 1500 mathematical formulae, this reference work primarily appeals to the community of mathematically-schooled researchers, although anyone lecturing or teaching in celestial mechanics will see this jewel as a treasure trove to be visited on.

Patients' Use and Evaluation of an Online System to Annotate Radiology Reports with Lay Language Definitions.

PubMed

Cook, Tessa S; Oh, Seong Cheol; Kahn, Charles E

2017-09-01

The increasing availability of personal health portals has made it easier for patients to obtain their imaging results online. However, the radiology report typically is designed to communicate findings and recommendations to the referring clinician, and may contain many terms unfamiliar to lay readers. We sought to evaluate a web-based interface that presented reports of knee MRI (magnetic resonance imaging) examinations with annotations that included patient-oriented definitions, anatomic illustrations, and hyperlinks to additional information. During a 7-month observational trial, a statement added to all knee MRI reports invited patients to view their annotated report online. We tracked the number of patients who opened their reports, the terms they hovered over to view definitions, and the time hovering over each term. Patients who accessed their annotated reports were invited to complete a survey. Of 1138 knee MRI examinations during the trial period, 185 patients (16.3%) opened their report in the viewing portal. Of those, 141 (76%) hovered over at least one term to view its definition, and 121 patients (65%) viewed a mean of 27.5 terms per examination and spent an average of 3.5 minutes viewing those terms. Of the 22 patients who completed the survey, 77% agreed that the definitions helped them understand the report and 91% stated that the illustrations were helpful. A system that provided definitions and illustrations of the medical and technical terms in radiology reports has potential to improve patients' understanding of their reports and their diagnoses. Copyright © 2017 The Association of University Radiologists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lay Definitions of Happiness across Nations: The Primacy of Inner Harmony and Relational Connectedness

PubMed Central

Delle Fave, Antonella; Brdar, Ingrid; Wissing, Marié P.; Araujo, Ulisses; Castro Solano, Alejandro; Freire, Teresa; Hernández-Pozo, María Del Rocío; Jose, Paul; Martos, Tamás; Nafstad, Hilde E.; Nakamura, Jeanne; Singh, Kamlesh; Soosai-Nathan, Lawrence

2016-01-01

In well-being research the term happiness is often used as synonymous with life satisfaction. However, little is known about lay people's understanding of happiness. Building on the available literature, this study explored lay definitions of happiness across nations and cultural dimensions, analyzing their components and relationship with participants' demographic features. Participants were 2799 adults (age range = 30–60, 50% women) living in urban areas of Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, and United States. They completed the Eudaimonic and Hedonic Happiness Investigation (EHHI), reporting, among other information, their own definition of happiness. Answers comprised definitions referring to a broad range of life domains, covering both the contextual-social sphere and the psychological sphere. Across countries and with little variation by age and gender, inner harmony predominated among psychological definitions, and family and social relationships among contextual definitions. Whereas relationships are widely acknowledged as basic happiness components, inner harmony is substantially neglected. Nevertheless, its cross-national primacy, together with relations, is consistent with the view of an ontological interconnectedness characterizing living systems, shared by several conceptual frameworks across disciplines and cultures. At the methodological level, these findings suggest the potential of a bottom-up, mixed method approach to contextualize psychological dimensions within culture and lay understanding. PMID:26858677

Lay Definitions of Happiness across Nations: The Primacy of Inner Harmony and Relational Connectedness.

PubMed

Delle Fave, Antonella; Brdar, Ingrid; Wissing, Marié P; Araujo, Ulisses; Castro Solano, Alejandro; Freire, Teresa; Hernández-Pozo, María Del Rocío; Jose, Paul; Martos, Tamás; Nafstad, Hilde E; Nakamura, Jeanne; Singh, Kamlesh; Soosai-Nathan, Lawrence

2016-01-01

In well-being research the term happiness is often used as synonymous with life satisfaction. However, little is known about lay people's understanding of happiness. Building on the available literature, this study explored lay definitions of happiness across nations and cultural dimensions, analyzing their components and relationship with participants' demographic features. Participants were 2799 adults (age range = 30-60, 50% women) living in urban areas of Argentina, Brazil, Croatia, Hungary, India, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, South Africa, and United States. They completed the Eudaimonic and Hedonic Happiness Investigation (EHHI), reporting, among other information, their own definition of happiness. Answers comprised definitions referring to a broad range of life domains, covering both the contextual-social sphere and the psychological sphere. Across countries and with little variation by age and gender, inner harmony predominated among psychological definitions, and family and social relationships among contextual definitions. Whereas relationships are widely acknowledged as basic happiness components, inner harmony is substantially neglected. Nevertheless, its cross-national primacy, together with relations, is consistent with the view of an ontological interconnectedness characterizing living systems, shared by several conceptual frameworks across disciplines and cultures. At the methodological level, these findings suggest the potential of a bottom-up, mixed method approach to contextualize psychological dimensions within culture and lay understanding.

The Acceleration of the Barycenter of Solar System Obtained from VLBI Observations and Its Impact on the ICRS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, M. H.

2016-03-01

Since 1998 January 1, instead of the traditional stellar reference system, the International Celestial Reference System (ICRS) has been realized by an ensemble of extragalactic radio sources that are located at hundreds of millions of light years away (if we accept their cosmological distances), so that the reference frame realized by extragalactic radio sources is assumed to be space-fixed. The acceleration of the barycenter of solar system (SSB), which is the origin of the ICRS, gives rise to a systematical variation in the directions of the observed radio sources. This phenomenon is called the secular aberration drift. As a result, the extragalactic reference frame fixed to the space provides a reference standard for detecting the secular aberration drift, and the acceleration of the barycenter with respect to the space can be determined from the observations of extragalactic radio sources. In this thesis, we aim to determine the acceleration of the SSB from astrometric and geodetic observations obtained by Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), which is a technique using the telescopes globally distributed on the Earth to observe a radio source simultaneously, and with the capacity of angular positioning for compact radio sources at 10-milliarcsecond level. The method of the global solution, which allows the acceleration vector to be estimated as a global parameter in the data analysis, is developed. Through the formal error given by the solution, this method shows directly the VLBI observations' capability to constrain the acceleration of the SSB, and demonstrates the significance level of the result. In the next step, the impact of the acceleration on the ICRS is studied in order to obtain the correction of the celestial reference frame (CRF) orientation. This thesis begins with the basic background and the general frame of this work. A brief review of the realization of the CRF based on the kinematical and the dynamical methods is presented in Chapter 2, along with the definition of the CRF and its relationship with the inertial reference frame. Chapter 3 is divided into two parts. The first part describes various effects that modify the geometric direction of an object, especially the parallax, the aberration, and the proper motion. Then the derivative model and the principle of determination of the acceleration are introduced in the second part. The VLBI data analysis method, including VLBI data reduction (solving the ambiguity, identifying the clock break, and determining the ionospheric effect), theoretical delay model, parameterization, and datum definition, is discussed in detail in Chapter 4. The estimation of the acceleration by more than 30-year VLBI observations and the results are then described in Chapter 5. The evaluation and the robust check of our results by different solutions and the comparison to that from another research group are performed. The error sources for the estimation of the acceleration, such as the secular parallax caused by the velocity of the barycenter in space, are quantitatively studied by simulation and data analysis in Chapter 6. The two main impacts of the acceleration on the CRF, the apparent proper motion with the magnitude of the μ as\\cdot yr^{-1} level and the global rotation in the CRF due to the un-uniformed distribution of radio sources on the sky, are discussed in Chapter 7. The definition and the realization of the epoch CRF are presented as well. The future work concerning the explanation of the estimated acceleration and potential research on several main problems in modern astrometry are discussed in the last chapter.

FOSSIL2 energy policy model documentation: FOSSIL2 documentation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1980-10-01

This report discusses the structure, derivations, assumptions, and mathematical formulation of the FOSSIL2 model. Each major facet of the model - supply/demand interactions, industry financing, and production - has been designed to parallel closely the actual cause/effect relationships determining the behavior of the United States energy system. The data base for the FOSSIL2 program is large, as is appropriate for a system dynamics simulation model. When possible, all data were obtained from sources well known to experts in the energy field. Cost and resource estimates are based on DOE data whenever possible. This report presents the FOSSIL2 model at severalmore » levels. Volumes II and III of this report list the equations that comprise the FOSSIL2 model, along with variable definitions and a cross-reference list of the model variables. Volume III lists the model equations and a one line definition for equations, in a short, readable format.« less

A computer system for processing data from routine pulmonary function tests.

PubMed Central

Pack, A I; McCusker, R; Moran, F

1977-01-01

In larger pulmonary function laboratories there is a need for computerised techniques of data processing. A flexible computer system, which is used routinely, is described. The system processes data from a relatively large range of tests. Two types of output are produced--one for laboratory purposes, and one for return to the referring physician. The system adds an automatic interpretative report for each set of results. In developing the interpretative system it has been necessary to utilise a number of arbitrary definitions. The present terminology for reporting pulmonary function tests has limitations. The computer interpretation system affords the opportunity to take account of known interaction between measurements of function and different pathological states. Images PMID:329462

Northern Alberta remote teleglaucoma program: clinical outcomes and patient disposition.

PubMed

Verma, Sanam; Arora, Sourabh; Kassam, Faazil; Edwards, Marianne C; Damji, Karim F

2014-04-01

To review the diagnostic outcomes and clinical referral pathways of patients assessed and managed through a collaborative care patient-centred teleglaucoma program. Retrospective cohort study. Eligible patients were those assessed by the referring optometrist or ophthalmologist to be open-angle glaucoma suspects or to have definite early open-angle glaucoma. A glaucoma specialist graded each case through virtual consultation. Clinical referral pathways were noted: in-person consultation with glaucoma specialist, repeat teleconsultation, collaborative glaucoma management with optometrist, or referral for nonglaucomatous ophthalmic pathology. A total of 247 patients were referred to the program from 2008 to 2012. Of all teleconsults, 31.1% were diagnosed with glaucoma, 42.1% were suspects, and 26.7% were unaffected. Of all patients, 27% were referred for in-person glaucoma evaluation; 69% of patients could be managed by their referring optometrist, with 48% of patients requiring repeat teleconsultation. Treatment was initiated before being seen for 87% of patients with definite glaucoma and 28% of glaucoma suspects. Of all patients seen through the remote teleglaucoma program, most did not require an in-person consultation with an ophthalmologist and could be managed through distance collaboration. For the approximately one third who were diagnosed with glaucoma based on virtual assessment, medication was started in the majority of cases and in-person consultation was arranged. Further studies to validate and consider cost-effectiveness of this system are under way. © 2013 Canadian Ophthalmological Society Published by Canadian Ophthalmological Society All rights reserved.

7 CFR 810.1802 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... GRAIN United States Standards for Sunflower Seed Terms Defined § 810.1802 Definition of other terms. (a) Cultivated sunflower seed. Sunflower seed grown for oil content. The term seed in this and other definitions related to sunflower seed refers to both the kernel and hull which is a fruit or achene. (b) Damaged...

7 CFR 810.1802 - Definition of other terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... GRAIN United States Standards for Sunflower Seed Terms Defined § 810.1802 Definition of other terms. (a) Cultivated sunflower seed. Sunflower seed grown for oil content. The term seed in this and other definitions related to sunflower seed refers to both the kernel and hull which is a fruit or achene. (b) Damaged...

20 CFR 404.1502 - General definitions and terms for this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false General definitions and terms for this... definitions and terms for this subpart. As used in the subpart— Acceptable medical source refers to one of the... administrative review process, and at the Federal reviewing official, administrative law judge, and Decision...

Bridging national and reference definitions for harmonizing forest statistics

Treesearch

Göran ​Ståhl; Emil Cienciala; Gherardo Chirici; Adrian Lanz; Claude Vidal; Susanne Winter; Ronald E. McRoberts; Jacques Rondeux; Klemens Schadauer; Erkki Tomppo

2012-01-01

Harmonization is the process of making information and estimates comparable across administrative borders. The degree to which harmonization succeeds depends on many factors, including the conciseness of the definitions, the availability and quality of data, and the methods used to convert an estimate according to a local definition to an estimate according to the...

For Researchers on Obesity: Historical Review of Extra Body Weight Definitions.

PubMed

Komaroff, Marina

2016-01-01

Rationale. The concept of obesity has been known since ancient world; however, the current standard definition of obesity was endorsed only about a decade ago. There is a need for researches to understand multiple approaches to defining obesity and how and why the standard definition was developed. The review will help to grasp the complexity of the problem and can lead to novel hypotheses in obesity research. Objective. This paper focuses on the objective to understand historical background on the development of "reference and standard tables" of weight as a platform for normal versus abnormal body weight definition. Methods. A systematic literature review was performed to chronologically summarize the definition of body weight from time of Hippocrates till the year of 2010. Conclusion. This paper presents the historical background on the development of "reference and standard tables" of weight as a platform for normal versus abnormal body weight definition. Knowledge of historical approaches to the concept of obesity can motivate researchers to find new hypotheses and utilize the appropriate obesity assessments to address their objectives.

Glossary of Water Resource Terms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Titelbaum, Olga Adler

Twelve reference sources were used in the compilation of this glossary of water pollution control terminology. Definitions for 364 words, acronyms, and phrases are included with cross references. (KP)

Theoretical and Applied Research in the Field of Higher Geodesy Conducted in Rzeszow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kadaj, Roman; Świętoń, Tomasz

2016-06-01

Important qualitative changes were taking place in polish geodesy in last few years. It was related to application of new techniques and technologies and to introduction of European reference frames in Poland. New reference stations network ASG-EUPOS, together with Internet services which helps in precise positioning was created. It allows to fast setting up precise hybrid networks. New, accurate satellite networks became the basis of new definitions in the field of reference systems. Simultaneously arise the need of new software, which enables to execute the geodetic works in new technical conditions. Authors had an opportunity to participate in mentioned undertakings, also under the aegis of GUGiK, by creation of methods, algorithms and necessary software tools. In this way the automatic postprocessing module (APPS) in POZGEO service, a part of ASG-EUPOS system came into being. It is an entirely polish product which works in Trimble environment. Universal software for transformation between PLETRF89, PL-ETRF2000, PULKOWO'42 reference systems as well as defined coordinate systems was created (TRANSPOL v. 2.06) and published as open product. An essential functional element of the program is the quasi-geoid model PL-geoid-2011, which has been elaborated by adjustment (calibration) of the global quasi-geoid model EGM2008 to 570 geodetic points (satellite-leveling points). Those and other studies are briefly described in this paper.

18 CFR 385.103 - References to rules (Rule 103).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false References to rules (Rule 103). 385.103 Section 385.103 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY... Definitions § 385.103 References to rules (Rule 103). This part cross-references its sections according to...

18 CFR 385.103 - References to rules (Rule 103).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false References to rules (Rule 103). 385.103 Section 385.103 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY... Definitions § 385.103 References to rules (Rule 103). This part cross-references its sections according to...

On the use of regression analysis for the estimation of human biological age.

PubMed

Krøll, J; Saxtrup, O

2000-01-01

The present investigation compares three linear regression procedures for the definition of human biological age (bioage). As a model system for bioage definition is used the variations with age of blood hemoglobin (B-hemoglobin) in males in the age range 50-95 years. The bioage measures compared are: 1: P-bioage; defined from regression of chronological age on B-hemoglobin results. 2: AC-bioage; obtained by indirect regression, using in reverse the equation describing the regression of B-hemoglobin on age in a reference population. 3: BC-bioage; defined by orthogonal regression on the reference regression line of B-hemoglobin on age. It is demonstrated that the P-bioage measure gives an overestimation of the bioage in the younger and an underestimation in the older individuals. This 'regression to the mean' is avoided using the indirect regression procedures. Here the relatively low SD of the BC-bioage measure results from the inclusion of individual chronological age in the orthogonal regression procedure. Observations on male blood donors illustrates the variation of the AC- and BC-bioage measures in the individual.

Validation of asthma recording in electronic health records: a systematic review

PubMed Central

Nissen, Francis; Quint, Jennifer K; Wilkinson, Samantha; Mullerova, Hana; Smeeth, Liam; Douglas, Ian J

2017-01-01

Objective To describe the methods used to validate asthma diagnoses in electronic health records and summarize the results of the validation studies. Background Electronic health records are increasingly being used for research on asthma to inform health services and health policy. Validation of the recording of asthma diagnoses in electronic health records is essential to use these databases for credible epidemiological asthma research. Methods We searched EMBASE and MEDLINE databases for studies that validated asthma diagnoses detected in electronic health records up to October 2016. Two reviewers independently assessed the full text against the predetermined inclusion criteria. Key data including author, year, data source, case definitions, reference standard, and validation statistics (including sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value [PPV], and negative predictive value [NPV]) were summarized in two tables. Results Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. Most studies demonstrated a high validity using at least one case definition (PPV >80%). Ten studies used a manual validation as the reference standard; each had at least one case definition with a PPV of at least 63%, up to 100%. We also found two studies using a second independent database to validate asthma diagnoses. The PPVs of the best performing case definitions ranged from 46% to 58%. We found one study which used a questionnaire as the reference standard to validate a database case definition; the PPV of the case definition algorithm in this study was 89%. Conclusion Attaining high PPVs (>80%) is possible using each of the discussed validation methods. Identifying asthma cases in electronic health records is possible with high sensitivity, specificity or PPV, by combining multiple data sources, or by focusing on specific test measures. Studies testing a range of case definitions show wide variation in the validity of each definition, suggesting this may be important for obtaining asthma definitions with optimal validity. PMID:29238227

Reference Reviewed and Re-Envisioned: Revamping Librarian and Desk-Centric Services with LibStARs and LibAnswers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevens, Christy R.

2013-01-01

The first section of this article reviews the literature on the changing face of reference, beginning with a discussion of the national decline in reference transactions, its causes, and the likelihood that online reference services might one day halt or reverse the decline. It then analyzes definitions of the term "reference," pointing…

29 CFR 20.103 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of Labor. (d) Individual refers to a taxpayer identified by a social security number (SSN). (e) Business entity refers to an entity identified by an employer identification number (EIN). (f) Taxpayer... understanding refers to the agreement between the Department and IRS outlining the duties and responsibilities...

English/Russian terminology on radiometric calibration of space-borne optoelectronic sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Privalsky, V.; Zakharenkov, V.; Humpherys, T.; Sapritsky, V.; Datla, R.

The efficient use of data acquired through exo-atmospheric observations of the Earth within the framework of existing and newly planned programs requires a unique understanding of respective terms and definitions. Yet, the last large-scale document on the subject - The International Electrotechnical Vocabulary - had been published 18 years ago. This lack of a proper document, which would reflect the changes that had occurred in the area since that time, is especially detrimental to the developing international efforts aimed at global observations of the Earth from space such as the Global Earth Observations Program proposed by the U.S.A. at the 2003 WMO Congress. To cover this gap at least partially, a bi-lingual explanatory dictionary of terms and definitions in the area of radiometric calibration of space-borne IR sensors is developed. The objectives are to produce a uniform terminology for the global space-borne observations of the Earth, establish a unique understanding of terms and definitions by the radiometric communities, including a correspondence between the Russian and American terms and definitions, and to develop a formal English/Russian reference dictionary for use by scientists and engineers involved in radiometric observations of the Earth from space. The dictionary includes close to 400 items covering basic concepts of geometric, wave and corpuscular optics, remote sensing technologies, and ground-based calibration as well as more detailed treatment of terms and definitions in the areas of radiometric quantities, symbols and units, optical phenomena and optical properties of objects and media, and radiometric systems and their properties. The dictionary contains six chapters: Basic Concepts, Quantities, Symbols, and Units, Optical phenomena, Optical characteristics of surfaces and media, Components of Radiometric Systems, Characteristics of radiometric system components, plus English/Russian and Russian/Inglish indices.

29 CFR 1610.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to the request. (h) Attestation refers to the authentication of copies of Commission documents by an... refers to the authentication of copies of Commission documents by an affidavit or unsworn declaration...

Design/cost tradeoff studies. Appendix A. Supporting analyses and tradeoffs, book 2. Earth Observatory Satellite system definition study (EOS)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1974-01-01

Attitude reference systems for use with the Earth Observatory Satellite (EOS) are described. The systems considered are fixed and gimbaled star trackers, star mappers, and digital sun sensors. Covariance analyses were performed to determine performance for the most promising candidate in low altitude and synchronous orbits. The performance of attitude estimators that employ gyroscopes which are periodically updated by a star sensor is established by a single axis covariance analysis. The other systems considered are: (1) the propulsion system design, (2) electric power and electrical integration, (3) thermal control, (4) ground data processing, and (5) the test plan and cost reduction aspects of observatory integration and test.

Advanced extravehicular activity systems requirements definition study

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1988-01-01

A study to define the requirements for advanced extravehicular activities (AEVA) was conducted. The purpose of the study was to develop an understanding of the EVA technology requirements and to map a pathway from existing or developing technologies to an AEVA system capable of supporting long-duration missions on the lunar surface. The parameters of an AEVA system which must sustain the crewmembers and permit productive work for long periods in the lunar environment were examined. A design reference mission (DRM) was formulated and used as a tool to develop and analyze the EVA systems technology aspects. Many operational and infrastructure design issues which have a significant influence on the EVA system are identified.

Time scales in the context of general relativity.

PubMed

Guinot, Bernard

2011-10-28

Towards 1967, the accuracy of caesium frequency standards reached such a level that the relativistic effect could not be ignored anymore. Corrections began to be applied for the gravitational frequency shift and for distant time comparisons. However, these corrections were not applied to an explicit theoretical framework. Only in 1991 did the International Astronomical Union provide metrics (then improved in 2000) for a definition of space-time coordinates in reference systems centred at the barycentre of the Solar System and at the centre of mass of the Earth. In these systems, the temporal coordinates (coordinate times) can be realized on the basis of one of them, the International Atomic Time (TAI), which is itself a realized time scale. The definition and the role of TAI in this context will be recalled. There remain controversies regarding the name to be given to the unit of coordinate times and to other quantities appearing in the theory. However, the idea that astrometry and celestial mechanics should adopt the usual metrological rules is progressing, together with the use of the International System of Units, among astronomers.

New cellular automaton model for magnetohydrodynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Hudong; Matthaeus, William H.

1987-01-01

A new type of two-dimensional cellular automation method is introduced for computation of magnetohydrodynamic fluid systems. Particle population is described by a 36-component tensor referred to a hexagonal lattice. By appropriate choice of the coefficients that control the modified streaming algorithm and the definition of the macroscopic fields, it is possible to compute both Lorentz-force and magnetic-induction effects. The method is local in the microscopic space and therefore suited to massively parallel computations.

Computed tomography in cases of coccidioidal meningitis, with clinical correlation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shetter, A.G.; Fischer, D.W.; Flom, R.A.

1985-06-01

Cranial computed tomographic (CT) scans of 22 patients with coccidioidal meningitis were reviewed and their clinical course was analyzed. Abnormalities of the ventricular system or the basilar cisterns or both were present in 16 instances. Although it is not a definitive diagnostic tool, the CT scan is helpful in suggesting a diagnosis of coccidioidal meningitis and in predicting the prognosis of patients affected by the disease. 19 references, 4 figures, 2 tables.

Solar power satellite system definition study. Volume 4: Solid State SPS Analysis, Phase 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

A 2500 megawatt solid ground output Solar Power Satellite (SPS) of conventional configuration was designed and analyzed. Because the power per receiving antenna is halved, as compared with the klystron reference, twice the number of receiving antennas are needed to deliver the same total power. The solid state approach appears feasible with a slightly greater specific mass and slightly higher cost than the klystron SPS design.

Developing a competitive advantage in the market for radiology services.

PubMed

Kropf, R; Szafran, A J

1988-01-01

This article describes how managers of outpatient diagnostic radiology services can develop a competitive advantage by increasing the value of services to patients and referring physicians. A method is presented to identify changes to services that increase their value. The method requires the definition of the "value chains" of patients and referring physicians. Particular attention is paid to the use of information systems technology to suggest and implement service changes. A narrow range of health services was selected because the approach requires a detailed understanding of consumers and how they use services. The approach should, however, be examined carefully by managers seeking to develop a competitive advantage for a wide range of health services.

Role of the "National Reference Centre for Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) detection" in the official control of food and feed.

PubMed

Ciabatti, I; Marchesi, U; Froiio, A; Paternò, A; Ruggeri, M; Amaddeo, D

2005-08-01

The National Reference Centre for Genetically Modified Organisms (GMO) detection was established in 2002 within the Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Lazio e Toscana, with the aim of providing scientific and technical support to the National Health System and to the Ministry of Health within the scope of the regulation of GMO use in food and feed.The recently adopted EU legislation on GMOs (Regulation CE no. 1829/2003 and no. 1830/2003) introduced more rigorous procedures for the authorisation, labelling and analytical control of food and feed consisting, containing or derived from GMOs. The National Reference Centre, besides its institutional tasks as one of the laboratories of the Italian National Health System, collects and analyses data and results of the national official control of GMOs; carries out scientific research aimed at developing, improving, validating and harmonising detection and quantification methods, in cooperation with other scientific institutions, the Community Reference Laboratory and within the European Network of GMOs laboratories (ENGL); collaborates with the Ministry of Health in the definition of control programmes and promotes educational and training initiatives. Objectives defined for 2004-2006, activities in progress and goals already achieved are presented.

Definition and Means of Maintaining the Emergency Notification and Evacuation System Portion of the Plutonium Finishing Plant (PFP) Safety Envelope

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

WHITE, W.F.

2000-04-04

The purpose of this document is to provide the definition and means of maintaining the safety envelope (SE) for the Emergency Notification and Evacuation System (ENES). Together with the appendices, it provides: (1) The system requirements for determining system operability (Section 3.0); (2) Evaluations of equipment to determine the safety boundary for the system (Section 4.0); (3) List of system drawings that are annotated to show the SE boundaries (Appendix A); (4) Identification of the SE equipment by reference to systems and drawings (Appendix B); (5) Requirements for the individual SE equipment (Section 4.0); and (6) A list of themore » operational and surveillance procedures necessary to operate and maintain the system equipment within the SE (Sections 5.0 and 6.0). The Private Automatic Exchange (PAX) phones and PAX switchers are outside the safety envelope defined in WHC-SD-CP-OSR-010, Section 5.4.10, ''Safety Communication and Alarm Systems,'' Section 5.4.1 0.1, ''Major Components and Operating Characteristics,'' and Section 5.4.10.1.12, ''PAX System.'' The PAX override microphone system maintains the safety envelope, and functions as a backup to the evacuation sirens during an emergency.« less

Mission requirements for a manned earth observatory. Task 2: Reference mission definition and analyiss, volume 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The mission requirements and conceptual design of manned earth observatory payloads for the 1980 time period are discussed. Projections of 1980 sensor technology and user data requirements were used to formulate typical basic criteria pertaining to experiments, sensor complements, and reference missions. The subjects discussed are: (1) mission selection and prioritization, (2) baseline mission analysis, (3) earth observation data handling and contingency plans, and (4) analysis of low cost mission definition and rationale.

A Unified Mathematical Definition of Classical Information Retrieval.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dominich, Sandor

2000-01-01

Presents a unified mathematical definition for the classical models of information retrieval and identifies a mathematical structure behind relevance feedback. Highlights include vector information retrieval; probabilistic information retrieval; and similarity information retrieval. (Contains 118 references.) (Author/LRW)

Mini-Special Issue: Taking Practical Work Beyond the Laboratory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hodson, Derek

1998-01-01

Reviews the traditional definition of practical work in science, offers a different definition of it, and points out that practical work is not always laboratory based. Discusses the logistics of coordinating fieldwork. Contains 17 references. (DDR)

22 CFR 120.28 - Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. 120.28 Section 120.28 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.28 Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. The forms referred to in...

22 CFR 120.28 - Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. 120.28 Section 120.28 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.28 Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. The forms referred to in...

22 CFR 120.28 - Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. 120.28 Section 120.28 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.28 Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. The forms referred to in...

22 CFR 120.28 - Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. 120.28 Section 120.28 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.28 Listing of forms referred to in this subchapter. The forms referred to in...

Expert diagnosis of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity from computer-based image analysis

PubMed Central

Campbell, J. Peter; Ataer-Cansizoglu, Esra; Bolon-Canedo, Veronica; Bozkurt, Alican; Erdogmus, Deniz; Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree; Patel, Samir N.; Reynolds, James D.; Horowitz, Jason; Hutcheson, Kelly; Shapiro, Michael; Repka, Michael X.; Ferrone, Phillip; Drenser, Kimberly; Martinez-Castellanos, Maria Ana; Ostmo, Susan; Jonas, Karyn; Chan, R.V. Paul; Chiang, Michael F.

2016-01-01

Importance Published definitions of “plus disease” in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) reference arterial tortuosity and venous dilation within the posterior pole based on a standard published photograph. One possible explanation for limited inter-expert reliability for plus disease diagnosis is that experts deviate from the published definitions. Objective To identify vascular features used by experts for diagnosis of plus disease through quantitative image analysis. Design We developed a computer-based image analysis system (Imaging and Informatics in ROP, i-ROP), and trained the system to classify images compared to a reference standard diagnosis (RSD). System performance was analyzed as a function of the field of view (circular crops 1–6 disc diameters [DD] radius) and vessel subtype (arteries only, veins only, or all vessels). The RSD was compared to the majority diagnosis of experts. Setting Routine ROP screening in neonatal intensive care units at 8 academic institutions. Participants A set of 77 digital fundus images was used to develop the i-ROP system. A subset of 73 images was independently classified by 11 ROP experts for validation. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the percentage accuracy of i-ROP system classification of plus disease with the RSD as a function of field-of-view and vessel type. Secondary outcome measures included the accuracy of the 11 experts compared to the RSD. Results Accuracy of plus disease diagnosis by the i-ROP computer based system was highest (95%, confidence interval [CI] 94 – 95%) when it incorporated vascular tortuosity from both arteries and veins, and with the widest field of view (6 disc diameter radius). Accuracy was ≤90% when using only arterial tortuosity (P<0.001), and ≤85% using a 2–3 disc diameter view similar to the standard published photograph (p<0.001). Diagnostic accuracy of the i-ROP system (95%) was comparable to that of 11 expert clinicians (79–99%). Conclusions and Relevance ROP experts appear to consider findings from beyond the posterior retina when diagnosing plus disease, and consider tortuosity of both arteries and veins, in contrast to published definitions. It is feasible for a computer-based image analysis system to perform comparably to ROP experts, using manually segmented images. PMID:27077667

Redefinition of the crater-density and absolute-age boundaries for the chronostratigraphic system of Mars

USGS Publications Warehouse

Werner, S.C.; Tanaka, K.L.

2011-01-01

For the boundaries of each chronostratigraphic epoch on Mars, we present systematically derived crater-size frequencies based on crater counts of geologic referent surfaces and three proposed " standard" crater size-frequency production distributions as defined by (a) a simple -2 power law, (b) Neukum and Ivanov, (c) Hartmann. In turn, these crater count values are converted to model-absolute ages based on the inferred cratering rate histories. We present a new boundary definition for the Late Hesperian-Early Amazonian transition. Our fitting of crater size-frequency distributions to the chronostratigraphic record of Mars permits the assignment of cumulative counts of craters down to 100. m, 1. km, 2. km, 5. km, and 16. km diameters to martian epochs. Due to differences in the " standard" crater size-frequency production distributions, a generalized crater-density-based definition to the chronostratigraphic system cannot be provided. For the diameter range used for the boundary definitions, the resulting model absolute age fits vary within 1.5% for a given set of production function and chronology model ages. Crater distributions translated to absolute ages utilizing different curve descriptions can result in absolute age differences exceeding 10%. ?? 2011 Elsevier Inc.

The rise of novelty in ecosystems.

PubMed

Radeloff, Volker C; Williams, John W; Bateman, Brooke L; Burke, Kevin D; Carter, Sarah K; Childress, Evan S; Cromwell, Kara J; Gratton, Claudio; Hasley, Andrew O; Kraemer, Benjamin M; Latzka, Alexander W; Marin-Spiotta, Erika; Meine, Curt D; Munoz, Samuel E; Neeson, Thomas M; Pidgeon, Anna M; Rissman, Adena R; Rivera, Ricardo J; Szymanski, Laura M; Usinowicz, Jacob

2015-12-01

Rapid and ongoing change creates novelty in ecosystems everywhere, both when comparing contemporary systems to their historical baselines, and predicted future systems to the present. However, the level of novelty varies greatly among places. Here we propose a formal and quantifiable definition of abiotic and biotic novelty in ecosystems, map abiotic novelty globally, and discuss the implications of novelty for the science of ecology and for biodiversity conservation. We define novelty as the degree of dissimilarity of a system, measured in one or more dimensions relative to a reference baseline, usually defined as either the present or a time window in the past. In this conceptualization, novelty varies in degree, it is multidimensional, can be measured, and requires a temporal and spatial reference. This definition moves beyond prior categorical definitions of novel ecosystems, and does not include human agency, self-perpetuation, or irreversibility as criteria. Our global assessment of novelty was based on abiotic factors (temperature, precipitation, and nitrogen deposition) plus human population, and shows that there are already large areas with high novelty today relative to the early 20th century, and that there will even be more such areas by 2050. Interestingly, the places that are most novel are often not the places where absolute changes are largest; highlighting that novelty is inherently different from change. For the ecological sciences, highly novel ecosystems present new opportunities to test ecological theories, but also challenge the predictive ability of ecological models and their validation. For biodiversity conservation, increasing novelty presents some opportunities, but largely challenges. Conservation action is necessary along the entire continuum of novelty, by redoubling efforts to protect areas where novelty is low, identifying conservation opportunities where novelty is high, developing flexible yet strong regulations and policies, and establishing long-term experiments to test management approaches. Meeting the challenge of novelty will require advances in the science of ecology, and new and creative. conservation approaches.

Measurement uncertainty: Friend or foe?

PubMed

Infusino, Ilenia; Panteghini, Mauro

2018-02-02

The definition and enforcement of a reference measurement system, based on the implementation of metrological traceability of patients' results to higher order reference methods and materials, together with a clinically acceptable level of measurement uncertainty, are fundamental requirements to produce accurate and equivalent laboratory results. The uncertainty associated with each step of the traceability chain should be governed to obtain a final combined uncertainty on clinical samples fulfilling the requested performance specifications. It is important that end-users (i.e., clinical laboratory) may know and verify how in vitro diagnostics (IVD) manufacturers have implemented the traceability of their calibrators and estimated the corresponding uncertainty. However, full information about traceability and combined uncertainty of calibrators is currently very difficult to obtain. Laboratory professionals should investigate the need to reduce the uncertainty of the higher order metrological references and/or to increase the precision of commercial measuring systems. Accordingly, the measurement uncertainty should not be considered a parameter to be calculated by clinical laboratories just to fulfil the accreditation standards, but it must become a key quality indicator to describe both the performance of an IVD measuring system and the laboratory itself. Copyright © 2018 The Canadian Society of Clinical Chemists. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Ecosystem services classification: A systems ecology perspective of the cascade framework.

PubMed

La Notte, Alessandra; D'Amato, Dalia; Mäkinen, Hanna; Paracchini, Maria Luisa; Liquete, Camino; Egoh, Benis; Geneletti, Davide; Crossman, Neville D

2017-03-01

Ecosystem services research faces several challenges stemming from the plurality of interpretations of classifications and terminologies. In this paper we identify two main challenges with current ecosystem services classification systems: i) the inconsistency across concepts, terminology and definitions, and; ii) the mix up of processes and end-state benefits, or flows and assets. Although different ecosystem service definitions and interpretations can be valuable for enriching the research landscape, it is necessary to address the existing ambiguity to improve comparability among ecosystem-service-based approaches. Using the cascade framework as a reference, and Systems Ecology as a theoretical underpinning, we aim to address the ambiguity across typologies. The cascade framework links ecological processes with elements of human well-being following a pattern similar to a production chain. Systems Ecology is a long-established discipline which provides insight into complex relationships between people and the environment. We present a refreshed conceptualization of ecosystem services which can support ecosystem service assessment techniques and measurement. We combine the notions of biomass, information and interaction from system ecology, with the ecosystem services conceptualization to improve definitions and clarify terminology. We argue that ecosystem services should be defined as the interactions (i.e. processes) of the ecosystem that produce a change in human well-being, while ecosystem components or goods, i.e. countable as biomass units, are only proxies in the assessment of such changes. Furthermore, Systems Ecology can support a re-interpretation of the ecosystem services conceptualization and related applied research, where more emphasis is needed on the underpinning complexity of the ecological system.

The impact of different definitions and reference groups on the prevalence of cognitive impairment: a study in postmenopausal breast cancer patients before the start of adjuvant systemic therapy.

PubMed

Schilder, Christina M; Seynaeve, Caroline; Linn, Sabine C; Boogerd, Willem; Gundy, Chad M; Beex, Louk V; van Dam, Frits S; Schagen, Sanne B

2010-04-01

Several prospective studies into the effects of adjuvant systemic therapy on cognitive functioning suggest that a proportion of breast cancer patients show cognitive deficits already before the start of systemic therapy. Owing to, among others, methodological inconsistency, studies report different rates of this pre-treatment cognitive impairment. We examined the impact of four different criteria of cognitive impairment and two types of reference groups (a study-specific healthy reference group versus published normative data) on the prevalence of cognitive impairment. Two hundred and five postmenopausal breast cancer patients underwent a battery of neuropsychological tests before the start of endocrine therapy, 124 healthy subjects underwent the same tests. Proportions of cognitive impaired patients were calculated for each of four criteria for cognitive impairment, using (1) study-specific healthy controls and (2) published norms of healthy controls as reference groups. The prevalence of cognitive impairment varied greatly with the strictness of the criterion, as expected, but also was dependent on the reference group used. Cognitive impairment, relative to published norms, ranged from 1% for the strictest to 36.6% for the less strict criterion, cognitive impairment relative to study-specific healthy controls, ranged from 13.7 to 45.4% for the same criteria. This study highlights contrasting proportions of cognitive impairment by using different criteria for cognitive impairment and different reference groups. (Dis)advantages of the methods using a criterion for cognitive impairment, and of the use of published norms versus a study-specific reference group are discussed. Copyright 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

32 CFR 220.14 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... COLLECTION FROM THIRD PARTY PAYERS OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.14 Definitions....2). Covered beneficiaries. Covered beneficiaries are all healthcare beneficiaries under chapter 55...-99 (often referred to as “Uniformed Services Treatment Facilities” or “USTFs”). Healthcare services...

32 CFR 220.14 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... COLLECTION FROM THIRD PARTY PAYERS OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.14 Definitions....2). Covered beneficiaries. Covered beneficiaries are all healthcare beneficiaries under chapter 55...-99 (often referred to as “Uniformed Services Treatment Facilities” or “USTFs”). Healthcare services...

32 CFR 220.14 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... COLLECTION FROM THIRD PARTY PAYERS OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.14 Definitions....2). Covered beneficiaries. Covered beneficiaries are all healthcare beneficiaries under chapter 55...-99 (often referred to as “Uniformed Services Treatment Facilities” or “USTFs”). Healthcare services...

32 CFR 220.14 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... COLLECTION FROM THIRD PARTY PAYERS OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.14 Definitions....2). Covered beneficiaries. Covered beneficiaries are all healthcare beneficiaries under chapter 55...-99 (often referred to as “Uniformed Services Treatment Facilities” or “USTFs”). Healthcare services...

32 CFR 220.14 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... COLLECTION FROM THIRD PARTY PAYERS OF REASONABLE CHARGES FOR HEALTHCARE SERVICES § 220.14 Definitions....2). Covered beneficiaries. Covered beneficiaries are all healthcare beneficiaries under chapter 55...-99 (often referred to as “Uniformed Services Treatment Facilities” or “USTFs”). Healthcare services...

Severe versus Moderate Criteria for the New Pediatric Case Definition for ME/CFS

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jason, Leonard; Porter, Nicole; Shelleby, Elizabeth; Till, Lindsay; Bell, David S.; Lapp, Charles W.; Rowe, Kathy; De Meirleir, Kenny

2009-01-01

The new diagnostic criteria for pediatric ME/CFS are structurally based on the Canadian Clinical Adult case definition, and have more required specific symptoms than the (Fukuda et al. Ann Intern Med 121:953-959, 1994) adult case definition. Physicians specializing in pediatric ME/CFS referred thirty-three pediatric patients with ME/CFS and 21…

31 CFR 342.1 - Definition of words and terms used in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definition of words and terms used in this part. 342.1 Section 342.1 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... SAVINGS NOTES § 342.1 Definition of words and terms used in this part. (a) Payroll savings plan refers to...

Revisiting the systemic vasculitis in eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss): A study of 157 patients by the Groupe d'Etudes et de Recherche sur les Maladies Orphelines Pulmonaires and the European Respiratory Society Taskforce on eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Churg-Strauss).

PubMed

Cottin, Vincent; Bel, Elisabeth; Bottero, Paolo; Dalhoff, Klaus; Humbert, Marc; Lazor, Romain; Sinico, Renato A; Sivasothy, Pasupathy; Wechsler, Michael E; Groh, Matthieu; Marchand-Adam, Sylvain; Khouatra, Chahéra; Wallaert, Benoit; Taillé, Camille; Delaval, Philippe; Cadranel, Jacques; Bonniaud, Philippe; Prévot, Grégoire; Hirschi, Sandrine; Gondouin, Anne; Dunogué, Bertrand; Chatté, Gérard; Briault, Christophe; Pagnoux, Christian; Jayne, David; Guillevin, Loïc; Cordier, Jean-François

2017-01-01

To guide nosology and classification of patients with eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) based on phenotype and presence or absence of ANCA. Organ manifestations and ANCA status were retrospectively analyzed based on the presence or not of predefined definite vasculitis features or surrogates of vasculitis in patients asthma, eosinophilia, and at least one systemic organ manifestation attributable to systemic disease. The study population included 157 patients (mean age 49.4±14.1), with a follow-up of 7.4±6.4years. Patients with ANCA (31%) more frequently had weight loss, myalgias, arthralgias, biopsy-proven vasculitis, glomerulonephritis on biopsy, hematuria, leukocytoclastic capillaritis and/or eosinophilic infiltration of arterial wall on biopsy, and other renal disease. A total of 41% of patients had definite vasculitis manifestations (37%) or strong surrogates of vasculitis (4%), of whom only 53% had ANCA. Mononeuritis multiplex was associated with systemic vasculitis (p=0.005) and with the presence of ANCA (p<0.001). Overall, 59% of patients had polyangiitis as defined by definite vasculitis, strong surrogate of vasculitis, mononeuritis multiplex, and/or ANCA with at least one systemic manifestation other than ENT or respiratory. Patients with polyangiitis had more systemic manifestations including arthralgias (p=0.02) and renal disease (p=0.024), had higher peripheral eosinophilia (p=0.027), and a trend towards less myocarditis (p=0.057). Using predefined criteria of vasculitis and surrogates of vasculitis, ANCA alone were found to be insufficient to categorise patients with vasculitis features. We suggest a revised nomenclature and definition for EGPA and a new proposed entity referred to as hypereosinophilic asthma with systemic (non vasculitic) manifestations. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Referent Salience Affects Second Language Article Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Trenkic, Danijela; Pongpairoj, Nattama

2013-01-01

The effect of referent salience on second language (L2) article production in real time was explored. Thai (-articles) and French (+articles) learners of English described dynamic events involving two referents, one visually cued to be more salient at the point of utterance formulation. Definiteness marking was made communicatively redundant with…

40 CFR 1045.810 - What materials does this part reference?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Definitions and Other Reference Information § 1045.810 What materials does this part reference? Documents... material. Table 1 to this section lists material from the Society of Automotive Engineers that we have... the Society of Automotive Engineers, 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA 15096 or http://www.sae...

Knowledge translation in health care: a concept analysis.

PubMed

Khoddam, Homeira; Mehrdad, Neda; Peyrovi, Hamid; Kitson, Alison L; Schultz, Timothy J; Athlin, Asa Muntlin

2014-01-01

Although knowledge translation is one of the most widely used concepts in health and medical literature, there is a sense of ambiguity and confusion over its definition. The aim of this paper is to clarify the characteristics of KT. This will assist the theoretical development of it and shape its implementation into the health care system Methods: Walker and Avant's framework was used to analyze the concept and the related literature published between 2000 and 2010 was reviewed. A total of 112 papers were analyzed. Review of the literature showed that "KT is a process" and "implementing refined knowledge into a participatory context through a set of challenging activities" are the characteristics of KT. Moreover, to occur successfully, KT needs some necessary antecedents like an integrated source of knowledge, a receptive context, and preparedness. The main consequence of successful process is a change in four fields of healthcare, i.e. quality of patient care, professional practice, health system, and community. In addition, this study revealed some empirical referents which are helpful to evaluate the process. By aiming to portray a clear picture of KT, we highlighted its attributes, antecedents, consequences and empirical referents. Identifying the characteristics of this concept may resolve the existing ambiguities in its definition and boundaries thereby facilitate distinction from similar concepts. In addition, these findings can be used as a knowledge infrastructure for developing the KT-related models, theories, or tools.

Expert Diagnosis of Plus Disease in Retinopathy of Prematurity From Computer-Based Image Analysis.

PubMed

Campbell, J Peter; Ataer-Cansizoglu, Esra; Bolon-Canedo, Veronica; Bozkurt, Alican; Erdogmus, Deniz; Kalpathy-Cramer, Jayashree; Patel, Samir N; Reynolds, James D; Horowitz, Jason; Hutcheson, Kelly; Shapiro, Michael; Repka, Michael X; Ferrone, Phillip; Drenser, Kimberly; Martinez-Castellanos, Maria Ana; Ostmo, Susan; Jonas, Karyn; Chan, R V Paul; Chiang, Michael F

2016-06-01

Published definitions of plus disease in retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) reference arterial tortuosity and venous dilation within the posterior pole based on a standard published photograph. One possible explanation for limited interexpert reliability for a diagnosis of plus disease is that experts deviate from the published definitions. To identify vascular features used by experts for diagnosis of plus disease through quantitative image analysis. A computer-based image analysis system (Imaging and Informatics in ROP [i-ROP]) was developed using a set of 77 digital fundus images, and the system was designed to classify images compared with a reference standard diagnosis (RSD). System performance was analyzed as a function of the field of view (circular crops with a radius of 1-6 disc diameters) and vessel subtype (arteries only, veins only, or all vessels). Routine ROP screening was conducted from June 29, 2011, to October 14, 2014, in neonatal intensive care units at 8 academic institutions, with a subset of 73 images independently classified by 11 ROP experts for validation. The RSD was compared with the majority diagnosis of experts. The primary outcome measure was the percentage of accuracy of the i-ROP system classification of plus disease, with the RSD as a function of the field of view and vessel type. Secondary outcome measures included the accuracy of the 11 experts compared with the RSD. Accuracy of plus disease diagnosis by the i-ROP computer-based system was highest (95%; 95% CI, 94%-95%) when it incorporated vascular tortuosity from both arteries and veins and with the widest field of view (6-disc diameter radius). Accuracy was 90% or less when using only arterial tortuosity and 85% or less using a 2- to 3-disc diameter view similar to the standard published photograph. Diagnostic accuracy of the i-ROP system (95%) was comparable to that of 11 expert physicians (mean 87%, range 79%-99%). Experts in ROP appear to consider findings from beyond the posterior retina when diagnosing plus disease and consider tortuosity of both arteries and veins, in contrast with published definitions. It is feasible for a computer-based image analysis system to perform comparably with ROP experts, using manually segmented images.

STATS SRS v11.0

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Piscotty, M A; Nazario, O L

2007-06-20

The objective of this project is the delivery of an application that will provide a unified, web-based system for collecting, verifying and analyzing the achievements for Laboratory employees. The application will enable individual Directorates to manage and report achievement record data for their employees using an LLNL standard web browser. In addition, cross directorate data reporting and analysis will be available for such organizations as LSTO and programmatic directorates. This system is intended to store reference data and metadata for employee achievements. Abstracts and entire publications will not be stored in this system.Directorates are expected to use this system atmore » all levels of management in preparing for Annual Self-Assessments, peer reviews, LDRD reviews, work force reviews, performance appraisals, and requests from sponsors. This document represents the primary deliverable for the Requirements Definition stage of system development. As part of a successful Requirements Definition, this document provides the development staff, the project sponsor, and the user community with a clear understanding of the product's operational, data, and other requirements. With this understanding, the development staff will take the opportunity to refine estimates regarding the cost, schedule, and deliverables reflected in it.« less

Referential Choices in a Collaborative Storytelling Task: Discourse Stages and Referential Complexity Matter.

PubMed

Fossard, Marion; Achim, Amélie M; Rousier-Vercruyssen, Lucie; Gonzalez, Sylvia; Bureau, Alexandre; Champagne-Lavau, Maud

2018-01-01

During a narrative discourse, accessibility of the referents is rarely fixed once and for all. Rather, each referent varies in accessibility as the discourse unfolds, depending on the presence and prominence of the other referents. This leads the speaker to use various referential expressions to refer to the main protagonists of the story at different moments in the narrative. This study relies on a new, collaborative storytelling in sequence task designed to assess how speakers adjust their referential choices when they refer to different characters at specific discourse stages corresponding to the introduction, maintaining, or shift of the character in focus, in increasingly complex referential contexts. Referential complexity of the stories was manipulated through variations in the number of characters (1 vs. 2) and, for stories in which there were two characters, in their ambiguity in gender (different vs. same gender). Data were coded for the type of reference markers as well as the type of reference content (i.e., the extent of the information provided in the referential expression). Results showed that, beyond the expected effects of discourse stages on reference markers (more indefinite markers at the introduction stage, more pronouns at the maintaining stage, and more definite markers at the shift stage), the number of characters and their ambiguity in gender also modulated speakers' referential choices at specific discourse stages, For the maintaining stage, an effect of the number of characters was observed for the use of pronouns and of definite markers, with more pronouns when there was a single character, sometimes replaced by definite expressions when two characters were present in the story. For the shift stage, an effect of gender ambiguity was specifically noted for the reference content with more specific information provided in the referential expression when there was referential ambiguity. Reference content is an aspect of referential marking that is rarely addressed in a narrative context, yet it revealed a quite flexible referential behavior by the speakers.

Referential Choices in a Collaborative Storytelling Task: Discourse Stages and Referential Complexity Matter

PubMed Central

Fossard, Marion; Achim, Amélie M.; Rousier-Vercruyssen, Lucie; Gonzalez, Sylvia; Bureau, Alexandre; Champagne-Lavau, Maud

2018-01-01

During a narrative discourse, accessibility of the referents is rarely fixed once and for all. Rather, each referent varies in accessibility as the discourse unfolds, depending on the presence and prominence of the other referents. This leads the speaker to use various referential expressions to refer to the main protagonists of the story at different moments in the narrative. This study relies on a new, collaborative storytelling in sequence task designed to assess how speakers adjust their referential choices when they refer to different characters at specific discourse stages corresponding to the introduction, maintaining, or shift of the character in focus, in increasingly complex referential contexts. Referential complexity of the stories was manipulated through variations in the number of characters (1 vs. 2) and, for stories in which there were two characters, in their ambiguity in gender (different vs. same gender). Data were coded for the type of reference markers as well as the type of reference content (i.e., the extent of the information provided in the referential expression). Results showed that, beyond the expected effects of discourse stages on reference markers (more indefinite markers at the introduction stage, more pronouns at the maintaining stage, and more definite markers at the shift stage), the number of characters and their ambiguity in gender also modulated speakers' referential choices at specific discourse stages, For the maintaining stage, an effect of the number of characters was observed for the use of pronouns and of definite markers, with more pronouns when there was a single character, sometimes replaced by definite expressions when two characters were present in the story. For the shift stage, an effect of gender ambiguity was specifically noted for the reference content with more specific information provided in the referential expression when there was referential ambiguity. Reference content is an aspect of referential marking that is rarely addressed in a narrative context, yet it revealed a quite flexible referential behavior by the speakers. PMID:29515493

Remotely Piloted Aircraft Systems Panel (RPASP) Working Paper: Autonomy and Automation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shively, Jay

2017-01-01

A significant level of debate and confusion has surrounded the meaning of the terms "autonomy" and "automation". Automation is a multi-dimensional concept, and we propose that RPAS automation should be described with reference to the specific system and task that has been automated, the context in which the automation functions, and other relevant dimensions. In this paper, we present a definition of "automation". We recommend that autonomy and autonomous operations are out of the scope of the RPAS panel. WG7 proposes to develop, in consultation with other workgroups, a taxonomy of "Levels of Automation" for RPAS.

Essentiality Weighting Models for Wholesale Level Inventory Management

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-12-01

Collection System (MDCS) and the VIDS/MAF (Visual Identification Display System/Maintenance Action Form, OPNAV 4790/ 60 ) to obtain Equipment Operation...4-) oI C. oo >, U r09 09 L C IC d - E- 0 .l . C .P UH 4- 3 0 r r-1 U 4- 0000 0U H Uu) 𔃾-) > 4-) ri Ol U- 0f 01l U >/ a U)) ODL U . t .1 Z 11 U0...the definition in reference (b). The remaining 60 percent, although not all MEC 3 items, must currently be assigned that MEC since none other exists

21 CFR 310.305 - Records and reports concerning adverse drug experiences on marketed prescription drugs for human...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... specificity. For example, under this definition, hepatic necrosis would be unexpected (by virtue of greater... only listed cerebral vascular accidents. “Unexpected,” as used in this definition, refers to an adverse...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

48 CFR 36.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... CONTRACTING CONSTRUCTION AND ARCHITECT-ENGINEER CONTRACTS General 36.102 Definitions. As used in this part— Contract is intended to refer to a contract for construction or a contract for architect-engineer services..., structural, electrical, mechanical, and fire protection), producing the technical specifications and drawings...

16 CFR 1102.6 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AVAILABLE CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY INFORMATION DATABASE (Eff. Jan. 10, 2011) Background and Definitions... Product Safety Information Database. (2) Commission or CPSC means the Consumer Product Safety Commission... Information Database, also referred to as the Database, means the database on the safety of consumer products...

23 CFR 230.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... for Minority, Disadvantaged, and Women Business Enterprises § 230.202 Definitions. (a) Minority Business Enterprise, as used in this subpart, refers to all small businesses which participate in the Federal-aid highway program as a minority business enterprise (MBE), women business enterprise (WBE), or...

40 CFR 11.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 11.4 Section 11.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GENERAL SECURITY CLASSIFICATION REGULATIONS.... Confidential refers to that national security information or material which requires protection. The test for...

How do different definitions of night shift affect the exposure assessment of night work?

PubMed

Garde, Anne Helene; Hansen, Johnni; Kolstad, Henrik A; Larsen, Ann Dyreborg; Hansen, Åse Marie

The aim is to show how different definitions affect the proportion of shifts classified as night shifts. The Danish Working Hour Database was used to calculate number of night shifts according to eight definitions. More than 98% of the total night shifts were night shifts by use of both the reference definition (at least 3 h of work between 24:00 and 05:00) and definitions using a period during the night. The overlap with definitions based on starting and ending time was less pronounced (64-71 %). The proportion of classified night shifts differs little when night shifts are based on definitions including a period during the night. Studies based on other definitions may be less comparable.

Category mistakes: A barrier to effective environmental management.

PubMed

Wallace, Ken J; Jago, Mark

2017-09-01

How entities, the things that exist, are defined and categorised affects all aspects of environmental management including technical descriptions, quantitative analyses, participatory processes, planning, and decisions. Consequently, ambiguous definitions and wrongly assigning entities to categories, referred to as category mistakes, are barriers to effective management. Confusion caused by treating the term 'biodiversity' variously as the property of an area, the biota of an area, and a preferred end state (a value) - quite different categories of entities - is one example. To overcome such difficulties, we develop and define four entity categories - elements, processes, properties, and values - and two derived categories - states and systems. We argue that adoption of these categories and definitions will significantly improve environmental communication and analysis, and thus strengthen planning and decision-making. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

First-Year Non-STEM Majors' Use of Definitions to Solve Calculus Tasks: Benefits of Using Concept Image over Concept Definition?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dahl, Bettina

2017-01-01

Six US first-year university students in humanities or social science degree programmes were interviewed while solving 4 tasks on continuity and asymptotes in a required mathematics course. The focus was on how the students referred to the definitions or to the concept images when solving the tasks and if partial understandings appeared. Partial…

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

29 CFR 1625.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Relating to Labor (Continued) EQUAL EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITY COMMISSION AGE DISCRIMINATION IN EMPLOYMENT ACT Interpretations § 1625.1 Definitions. The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission is hereinafter referred to as... have the meanings set forth in section 11 of the Age Discrimination in Employment Act of 1967, as...

32 CFR 1290.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Definitions. 1290.4 Section 1290.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS PREPARING AND PROCESSING MINOR OFFENSES AND VIOLATION NOTICES REFERRED TO U.S. DISTRICT COURTS § 1290.4...

32 CFR 1290.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Definitions. 1290.4 Section 1290.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS PREPARING AND PROCESSING MINOR OFFENSES AND VIOLATION NOTICES REFERRED TO U.S. DISTRICT COURTS § 1290.4...

32 CFR 1290.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Definitions. 1290.4 Section 1290.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS PREPARING AND PROCESSING MINOR OFFENSES AND VIOLATION NOTICES REFERRED TO U.S. DISTRICT COURTS § 1290.4...

32 CFR 1290.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Definitions. 1290.4 Section 1290.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS PREPARING AND PROCESSING MINOR OFFENSES AND VIOLATION NOTICES REFERRED TO U.S. DISTRICT COURTS § 1290.4...

32 CFR 1290.4 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 6 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Definitions. 1290.4 Section 1290.4 National Defense Other Regulations Relating to National Defense DEFENSE LOGISTICS AGENCY MISCELLANEOUS PREPARING AND PROCESSING MINOR OFFENSES AND VIOLATION NOTICES REFERRED TO U.S. DISTRICT COURTS § 1290.4...

Models of Reference Services in Australian Academic Libraries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, Liz

2008-01-01

This article reports on a project which was undertaken in 2006 to investigate the current modes and methods for delivering reference services in Australian academic libraries. The project included a literature review to assist in providing a definition of reference services as well as a snapshot of statistics showing staff and patron numbers from…

Essentials of College and University Accounting: A Reference Companion to NACUBO's Online Self-Study Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of College and University Business Officers (NJ3), 2006

2006-01-01

This reference guide presents the basic accounting concepts, terminology, and definitions used by colleges and universities. The guide, a companion to the National Association of College and University Business Officers' (NACUBO's) online self-study course of the same name or a standalone reference, compares college and university accounting…

Space Geodetic Technique Co-location in Space: Simulation Results for the GRASP Mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzmicz-Cieslak, M.; Pavlis, E. C.

2011-12-01

The Global Geodetic Observing System-GGOS, places very stringent requirements in the accuracy and stability of future realizations of the International Terrestrial Reference Frame (ITRF): an origin definition at 1 mm or better at epoch and a temporal stability on the order of 0.1 mm/y, with similar numbers for the scale (0.1 ppb) and orientation components. These goals were derived from the requirements of Earth science problems that are currently the international community's highest priority. None of the geodetic positioning techniques can achieve this goal alone. This is due in part to the non-observability of certain attributes from a single technique. Another limitation is imposed from the extent and uniformity of the tracking network and the schedule of observational availability and number of suitable targets. The final limitation derives from the difficulty to "tie" the reference points of each technique at the same site, to an accuracy that will support the GGOS goals. The future GGOS network will address decisively the ground segment and to certain extent the space segment requirements. The JPL-proposed multi-technique mission GRASP (Geodetic Reference Antenna in Space) attempts to resolve the accurate tie between techniques, using their co-location in space, onboard a well-designed spacecraft equipped with GNSS receivers, a SLR retroreflector array, a VLBI beacon and a DORIS system. Using the anticipated system performance for all four techniques at the time the GGOS network is completed (ca 2020), we generated a number of simulated data sets for the development of a TRF. Our simulation studies examine the degree to which GRASP can improve the inter-technique "tie" issue compared to the classical approach, and the likely modus operandi for such a mission. The success of the examined scenarios is judged by the quality of the origin and scale definition of the resulting TRF.

The Role of Metarepresentation in the Production and Resolution of Referring Expressions.

PubMed

Horton, William S; Brennan, Susan E

2016-01-01

In this paper we consider the potential role of metarepresentation-the representation of another representation, or as commonly considered within cognitive science, the mental representation of another individual's knowledge and beliefs-in mediating definite reference and common ground in conversation. Using dialogues from a referential communication study in which speakers conversed in succession with two different addressees, we highlight ways in which interlocutors work together to successfully refer to objects, and achieve shared conceptualizations. We briefly review accounts of how such shared conceptualizations could be represented in memory, from simple associations between label and referent, to "triple co-presence" representations that track interlocutors in an episode of referring, to more elaborate metarepresentations that invoke theory of mind, mutual knowledge, or a model of a conversational partner. We consider how some forms of metarepresentation, once created and activated, could account for definite reference in conversation by appealing to ordinary processes in memory. We conclude that any representations that capture information about others' perspectives are likely to be relatively simple and subject to the same kinds of constraints on attention and memory that influence other kinds of cognitive representations.

A framework for remission in SLE: consensus findings from a large international task force on definitions of remission in SLE (DORIS).

PubMed

van Vollenhoven, Ronald; Voskuyl, Alexandre; Bertsias, George; Aranow, Cynthia; Aringer, Martin; Arnaud, Laurent; Askanase, Anca; Balážová, Petra; Bonfa, Eloisa; Bootsma, Hendrika; Boumpas, Dimitrios; Bruce, Ian; Cervera, Ricard; Clarke, Ann; Coney, Cindy; Costedoat-Chalumeau, Nathalie; Czirják, László; Derksen, Ronald; Doria, Andrea; Dörner, Thomas; Fischer-Betz, Rebecca; Fritsch-Stork, Ruth; Gordon, Caroline; Graninger, Winfried; Györi, Noémi; Houssiau, Frédéric; Isenberg, David; Jacobsen, Soren; Jayne, David; Kuhn, Annegret; Le Guern, Veronique; Lerstrøm, Kirsten; Levy, Roger; Machado-Ribeiro, Francinne; Mariette, Xavier; Missaykeh, Jamil; Morand, Eric; Mosca, Marta; Inanc, Murat; Navarra, Sandra; Neumann, Irmgard; Olesinska, Marzena; Petri, Michelle; Rahman, Anisur; Rekvig, Ole Petter; Rovensky, Jozef; Shoenfeld, Yehuda; Smolen, Josef; Tincani, Angela; Urowitz, Murray; van Leeuw, Bernadette; Vasconcelos, Carlos; Voss, Anne; Werth, Victoria P; Zakharova, Helena; Zoma, Asad; Schneider, Matthias; Ward, Michael

2017-03-01

Treat-to-target recommendations have identified 'remission' as a target in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), but recognise that there is no universally accepted definition for this. Therefore, we initiated a process to achieve consensus on potential definitions for remission in SLE. An international task force of 60 specialists and patient representatives participated in preparatory exercises, a face-to-face meeting and follow-up electronic voting. The level for agreement was set at 90%. The task force agreed on eight key statements regarding remission in SLE and three principles to guide the further development of remission definitions:1. Definitions of remission will be worded as follows: remission in SLE is a durable state characterised by …………………. (reference to symptoms, signs, routine labs).2. For defining remission, a validated index must be used, for example, clinical systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index (SLEDAI)=0, British Isles lupus assessment group (BILAG) 2004 D/E only, clinical European consensus lupus outcome measure (ECLAM)=0; with routine laboratory assessments included, and supplemented with physician's global assessment.3. Distinction is made between remission off and on therapy: remission off therapy requires the patient to be on no other treatment for SLE than maintenance antimalarials; and remission on therapy allows patients to be on stable maintenance antimalarials, low-dose corticosteroids (prednisone ≤5 mg/day), maintenance immunosuppressives and/or maintenance biologics.The task force also agreed that the most appropriate outcomes (dependent variables) for testing the prognostic value (construct validity) of potential remission definitions are: death, damage, flares and measures of health-related quality of life. The work of this international task force provides a framework for testing different definitions of remission against long-term outcomes. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

Color image definition evaluation method based on deep learning method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Di; Li, YingChun

2018-01-01

In order to evaluate different blurring levels of color image and improve the method of image definition evaluation, this paper proposed a method based on the depth learning framework and BP neural network classification model, and presents a non-reference color image clarity evaluation method. Firstly, using VGG16 net as the feature extractor to extract 4,096 dimensions features of the images, then the extracted features and labeled images are employed in BP neural network to train. And finally achieve the color image definition evaluation. The method in this paper are experimented by using images from the CSIQ database. The images are blurred at different levels. There are 4,000 images after the processing. Dividing the 4,000 images into three categories, each category represents a blur level. 300 out of 400 high-dimensional features are trained in VGG16 net and BP neural network, and the rest of 100 samples are tested. The experimental results show that the method can take full advantage of the learning and characterization capability of deep learning. Referring to the current shortcomings of the major existing image clarity evaluation methods, which manually design and extract features. The method in this paper can extract the images features automatically, and has got excellent image quality classification accuracy for the test data set. The accuracy rate is 96%. Moreover, the predicted quality levels of original color images are similar to the perception of the human visual system.

Fat Analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Min, David B.; Ellefson, Wayne C.

Lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates constitute the principal structural components of foods. Lipids are a group of substances that, in general, are soluble in ether, chloroform, or other organic solvents but are sparingly soluble in water. However, there exists no clear scientific definition of a lipid, primarily due to the water solubility of certain molecules that fall within one of the variable categories of food lipids (1). Some lipids, such as triacylglycerols, are very hydrophobic. Other lipids, such as di- and monoacylglycerols, have both hydrophobic and hydrophilic moieties in their molecules and are soluble in relatively polar solvents (2). Short-chain fatty acids such as C1-C4 are completely miscible in water and insoluble in nonpolar solvents (1). The most widely accepted definition is based on solubility as previously stated. While most macromolecules are characterized by common structural features, the designation of "lipid" being defined by solubility characteristics is unique to lipids (2). Lipids comprise a broad group of substances that have some common properties and compositional similarities (3). Triacylglycerols are fats and oils that represent the most prevalent category of the group of compounds known as lipids. The terms lipids, fats, and oils are often used interchangeably. The term "lipid" commonly refers to the broad, total collection of food molecules that meet the definition previously stated. Fats generally refer to those lipids that are solid at room temperature and oils generally refer to those lipids that are liquid at room temperature. While there may not be an exact scientific definition, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has established a regulatory definition for nutrition labeling purposes. The FDA has defined total fat as the sum of fatty acids from C4 to C24, calculated as triglycerides. This definition provides a clear path for resolution of any nutrition labeling disputes.

Validation of a case definition for leptospirosis diagnosis in patients with acute severe febrile disease admitted in reference hospitals at the State of Pernambuco, Brazil.

PubMed

Albuquerque Filho, Alfredo Pereira Leite de; Araújo, Jéssica Guido de; Souza, Inacelli Queiroz de; Martins, Luciana Cardoso; Oliveira, Marta Iglis de; Silva, Maria Jesuíta Bezerra da; Montarroyos, Ulisses Ramos; Miranda Filho, Demócrito de Barros

2011-01-01

Leptospirosis is often mistaken for other acute febrile illnesses because of its nonspecific presentation. Bacteriologic, serologic, and molecular methods have several limitations for early diagnosis: technical complexity, low availability, low sensitivity in early disease, or high cost. This study aimed to validate a case definition, based on simple clinical and laboratory tests, that is intended for bedside diagnosis of leptospirosis among hospitalized patients. Adult patients, admitted to two reference hospitals in Recife, Brazil, with a febrile illness of less than 21 days and with a clinical suspicion of leptospirosis, were included to test a case definition comprising ten clinical and laboratory criteria. Leptospirosis was confirmed or excluded by a composite reference standard (microscopic agglutination test, ELISA, and blood culture). Test properties were determined for each cutoff number of the criteria from the case definition. Ninety seven patients were included; 75 had confirmed leptospirosis and 22 did not. Mean number of criteria from the case definition that were fulfilled was 7.8±1.2 for confirmed leptospirosis and 5.9±1.5 for non-leptospirosis patients (p<0.0001). Best sensitivity (85.3%) and specificity (68.2%) combination was found with a cutoff of 7 or more criteria, reaching positive and negative predictive values of 90.1% and 57.7%, respectively; accuracy was 81.4%. The case definition, for a cutoff of at least 7 criteria, reached average sensitivity and specificity, but with a high positive predictive value. Its simplicity and low cost make it useful for rapid bedside leptospirosis diagnosis in Brazilian hospitalized patients with acute severe febrile disease.

Family and Medical Leave Act; Definition of Spouse. Final rule.

PubMed

2016-04-08

The U.S. Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is revising the definition of spouse in its regulations on the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) as a result of the decision by the United States Supreme Court holding section 3 of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA) unconstitutional. The new definition replaces the existing definition, which contains language from DOMA that refers to "a legal union between one man and one woman.'' The new definition permits Federal employees with same-sex spouses to use FMLA leave in the same manner as Federal employees with opposite-sex spouses.

International Geomagnetic Reference Field: the third generation.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peddie, N.W.

1982-01-01

In August 1981 the International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy revised the International Geomagnetic Reference Field (IGRF). It is the second revision since the inception of the IGRF in 1968. The revision extends the earlier series of IGRF models from 1980 to 1985, introduces a new series of definitive models for 1965-1976, and defines a provisional reference field for 1975- 1980. The revision consists of: 1) a model of the main geomagnetic field at 1980.0, not continuous with the earlier series of IGRF models together with a forecast model of the secular variation of the main field during 1980-1985; 2) definitive models of the main field at 1965.0, 1970.0, and 1975.0, with linear interpolation of the model coefficients specified for intervening dates; and 3) a provisional reference field for 1975-1980, defined as the linear interpolation of the 1975 and 1980 main-field models.-from Author

First Definition of Reference Intervals of Liver Function Tests in China: A Large-Population-Based Multi-Center Study about Healthy Adults

PubMed Central

Zhang, Chuanbao; Guo, Wei; Huang, Hengjian; Ma, Yueyun; Zhuang, Junhua; Zhang, Jie

2013-01-01

Background Reference intervals of Liver function tests are very important for the screening, diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of liver diseases. We aim to establish common reference intervals of liver function tests specifically for the Chinese adult population. Methods A total of 3210 individuals (20–79 years) were enrolled in six representative geographical regions in China. Analytes of ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, total protein, albumin and total bilirubin were measured using three analytical systems mainly used in China. The newly established reference intervals were based on the results of traceability or multiple systems, and then validated in 21 large hospitals located nationwide qualified by the National External Quality Assessment (EQA) of China. Results We had been established reference intervals of the seven liver function tests for the Chinese adult population and found there were apparent variances of reference values for the variables for partitioning analysis such as gender(ALT, GGT, total bilirubin), age(ALP, albumin) and region(total protein). More than 86% of the 21 laboratories passed the validation in all subgroup of reference intervals and overall about 95.3% to 98.8% of the 1220 validation results fell within the range of the new reference interval for all liver function tests. In comparison with the currently recommended reference intervals in China, the single side observed proportions of out of range of reference values from our study for most of the tests deviated significantly from the nominal 2.5% such as total bilirubin (15.2%), ALP (0.2%), albumin (0.0%). Most of reference intervals in our study were obviously different from that of other races. Conclusion These used reference intervals are no longer applicable for the current Chinese population. We have established common reference intervals of liver function tests that are defined specifically for Chinese population and can be universally used among EQA-approved laboratories located all over China. PMID:24058449

A First Look at the Upcoming SISO Space Reference FOM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crues, Edwin; Dexter, Dan; Madden, Michael; Garro, Alfred; Vankov, Alexander; Skuratovskiy, Anton; Moller, Bjorn

2016-01-01

Simulation is increasingly used in the space domain for several purposes. One example is analysis and engineering, from the mission level down to individual systems and subsystems. Another example is training of space crew and flight controllers. Several distributed simulations have been developed for example for docking vehicles with the ISS and for mission training, in many cases with participants from several nations. Space based scenarios are also used in the "Simulation Exploration Experience", SISO's university outreach program. We have thus realized that there is a need for a distributed simulation interoperability standard for data exchange within the space domain. Based on these experiences, SISO is developing a Space Reference FOM. Members of the product development group come from several countries and contribute experiences from projects within NASA, ESA and other organizations. Participants represent government, academia and industry. The first version will focus on handling of time and space. The Space Reference FOM will provide the following: (i) a flexible positioning system using reference frames for arbitrary bodies in space, (ii) a naming conventions for well known reference frames, (iii) definitions of common time scales, (iv) federation agreements for common types of time management with focus on time stepped simulation, and (v) support for physical entities, such as space vehicles and astronauts. The Space Reference FOM is expected to make collaboration politically, contractually and technically easier. It is also expected to make collaboration easier to manage and extend.

Monitoring that matters

USGS Publications Warehouse

Johnson, Douglas H.; Gitzen, Robert A.; Millspaugh, Joshua J.; Cooper, Andrew B.; Licht, Daniel S.

2012-01-01

Monitoring is a critically important activity for assessing the status of a system, such as the health of an individual, the balance in one's checking account, profits and losses of a business, the economic activity of a nation, or the size of an animal population. Monitoring is especially vital for evaluating changes in the system associated with specific known impacts occurring to the system. It is also valuable for detecting unanticipated changes in the system and identifying plausible causes of such changes, all in time to take corrective action. Before proceeding, we should define "monitoring." One definition of "monitor" (Microsoft Corporation 2009) is "to check something at regular intervals in order to find out how it is progressing or developing." The key point here is "at regular intervals," suggesting a continuing process. Some definitions do not indicate the repetitive nature of monitoring and are basically synonymous with "observing." Most monitoring, in the strict sense of the word, is intended to persist for long periods of time, perhaps indefinitely or permanently. Similarly, Thompson et al. (1998: 3) referred to the "repeated assessment of status" of something, but noted that the term "monitor" is sometimes used for analogous activities such as collecting baseline information or evaluating projects for either implementation or effectiveness. For their purposes, they restricted the term to involve repeated measurements collected at a specified frequency of time units. Let us adopt that definition, recognizing that repeated measurements imply collecting comparable information on each occasion.

FOSSIL2 energy policy model documentation: FOSSIL2 documentation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1980-10-01

This report discusses the structure, derivations, assumptions, and mathematical formulation of the FOSSIL2 model. Each major facet of the model - supply/demand interactions, industry financing, and production - has been designed to parallel closely the actual cause/effect relationships determining the behavior of the United States energy system. The data base for the FOSSIL2 program is large, as is appropriate for a system dynamics simulation model. When possible, all data were obtained from sources well known to experts in the energy field. Cost and resource estimates are based on DOE data whenever possible. This report presents the FOSSIL2 model at severalmore » levels. Volumes II and III of this report list the equations that comprise the FOSSIL2 model, along with variable definitions and a cross-reference list of the model variables. Volume II provides the model equations with each of their variables defined, while Volume III lists the equations, and a one line definition for equations, in a shorter, more readable format.« less

Proposing a Novel, Three-level Definition of Periodontitis 
using Probing Depth, Clinical Attachment Loss and Bleeding on Probing: Analysis of a Rural Chinese Population.

PubMed

Pei, Xi Yan; He, Lu; Ouyang, Xiang Ying

To propose a novel, three-level (severe, moderate, mild) case definition using probing depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL) and bleeding on probing (BOP) for epidemiologic studies on periodontitis. Case definitions (DEF) 1-30 with PD, CAL and BOP were made. Based on data from epidemiologic research in Chengde (Hebei Province, China) in 1992, prevalence of periodontitis by DEF1-30 was calculated and compared with a reference (definitions by Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/American Academy of Periodontology in 2012). Sensitivity, specificity, Youden Index, Cohen's kappa coefficient (CKC) and the area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC) were calculated for the definitions selected. DEF1 and DEF18 for periodontitis, DEF2, DEF3, DEF19 for moderate and severe periodontitis, and DEF5, DEF13, DEF14, DEF21 and DEF25 for severe periodontitis, which were similar for estimation of periodontitis prevalence compared with the reference, were selected. DEF18 for periodontitis, DEF19 for moderate and severe periodontitis, and DEF5 for severe periodontitis were selected because they showed higher values for the Youden Index, CKC and AUC, and formed a three-level definition. A novel three-level case classification of periodontitis using three parameters of PD, CAL and BOP was proposed. The estimated periodontitis prevalence according to the novel proposed definition is close to the prevalence according to the CDC/AAP definition.

Linearity and nonlinearity of basin response as a function of scale: Discussion of alternative definitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sivapalan, M.; Jothityangkoon, C.; Menabde, M.

2002-02-01

Two uses of the terms ``linearity'' and ``nonlinearity'' appear in recent literature. The first definition of nonlinearity is with respect to the dynamical property such as the rainfall-runoff response of a catchment, and nonlinearity in this sense refers to a nonlinear dependence of the storm response on the magnitude of the rainfall inputs [Minshall, 1960; Wang et al., 1981]. The second definition of nonlinearity [Huang and Willgoose, 1993; Goodrich et al., 1997] is with respect to the dependence of a catchment statistical property, such as the mean annual flood, on the area of the catchment. They are both linked to important and interconnected hydrologic concepts, and furthermore, the change of nonlinearity with area (scale) has been an important motivation for hydrologic research. While both definitions are correct mathematically, they refer to hydrologically different concepts. In this paper we show that nonlinearity in the dynamical sense and that in the statistical sense can exist independently of each other (i.e., can be unrelated). If not carefully distinguished, the existence of these two definitions can lead to a catchment's response being described as being both linear and nonlinear at the same time. We therefore recommend separating these definitions by reserving the term ``nonlinearity'' for the classical, dynamical definition with respect to rainfall inputs, while adopting the term ``scaling relationship'' for the dependence of a catchment hydrological property on catchment area.

Professional Socialisation: An Influence on Professional Development and Role Definition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornelissen, J. J.; van Wyk, A. S.

2007-01-01

Professional socialisation refers to the acquisition of values, attitudes, skills and knowledge pertaining to a profession. This article reviews the definition and conceptualisation of professional socialisation through anticipatory and formal professional socialisation processes. It describes the core elements of professional socialisation such…

16 CFR 1210.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... STANDARD FOR CIGARETTE LIGHTERS Requirements for Child Resistance § 1210.2 Definitions. As used in this part 1210: (a) Cigarette lighter. See lighter. (b) Disposable lighter—means a lighter that either is..., is $2.25. (c) Lighter, also referred to as cigarette lighter, means a flame-producing product...

45 CFR 144.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH CARE ACCESS REQUIREMENTS RELATING TO HEALTH INSURANCE COVERAGE Source: § 144.202 Definitions. As used in this Subpart— Partnership qualified policy refers to a qualified long-term care insurance policy issued under a qualified State long...

APPLICATIONS OF A CONCEPTUAL MODEL (THE BIOLOGICAL CONDITION GRADIENT) TO DEFINE AQUATIC REFERENCE CONDITIONS

EPA Science Inventory

The United States Clean Water Act currently offers no definitions to interpret the Act's objective to "restore and maintain physical, chemical and biological integrity of the Nation's waters". Operative definitions, independent of differences in assessment methodologies, are nee...

40 CFR 60.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...-Process Phosphoric Acid Plants § 60.201 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein... acid plant means any facility manufacturing phosphoric acid by reacting phosphate rock and acid. (b) Total fluorides means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods...

40 CFR 60.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-Process Phosphoric Acid Plants § 60.201 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein... acid plant means any facility manufacturing phosphoric acid by reacting phosphate rock and acid. (b) Total fluorides means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods...

40 CFR 60.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...-Process Phosphoric Acid Plants § 60.201 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein... acid plant means any facility manufacturing phosphoric acid by reacting phosphate rock and acid. (b) Total fluorides means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods...

40 CFR 60.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...-Process Phosphoric Acid Plants § 60.201 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein... acid plant means any facility manufacturing phosphoric acid by reacting phosphate rock and acid. (b) Total fluorides means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods...

40 CFR 60.201 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-Process Phosphoric Acid Plants § 60.201 Definitions. As used in this subpart, all terms not defined herein... acid plant means any facility manufacturing phosphoric acid by reacting phosphate rock and acid. (b) Total fluorides means elemental fluorine and all fluoride compounds as measured by reference methods...

Salaries and Wages for Professional and Support Personnel in Public Schools, 2000-2001: A Reference Tool for Education Leaders. National Survey of Salaries and Wages in Public Schools. 28th Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Alicia D.; Protheroe, Nancy; Parks, Michael C.

This is the 28th edition of salary and wage studies conducted annually by the Educational Research Service. It collects salary data from a national panel sample of school systems for 22 professional and 10 support positions. Consistency in study design and procedures through the years has also made this the definitive study of salary changes in…

Computer vision in cell biology.

PubMed

Danuser, Gaudenz

2011-11-23

Computer vision refers to the theory and implementation of artificial systems that extract information from images to understand their content. Although computers are widely used by cell biologists for visualization and measurement, interpretation of image content, i.e., the selection of events worth observing and the definition of what they mean in terms of cellular mechanisms, is mostly left to human intuition. This Essay attempts to outline roles computer vision may play and should play in image-based studies of cellular life. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

TOPEX NASA Altimeter Operations Handbook, September 1992. Volume 6

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hancock, David W., III; Hayne, George S.; Purdy, Craig L.; Bull, James B.; Brooks, Ronald L.

2003-01-01

This operations handbook identifies the commands for the NASA radar altimeter for the TOPEX/Poseidon spacecraft, defines the functions of these commands, and provides supplemental reference material for use by the altimeter operations personnel. The main emphasis of this document is placed on command types, command definitions, command sequences, and operational constraints. Additional document sections describe uploadable altimeter operating parameters, the telemetry stream data contents (for both the science and the engineering data), the Missions Operations System displays, and the spacecraft and altimeter health monitors.

Community core detection in transportation networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

De Leo, Vincenzo; Santoboni, Giovanni; Cerina, Federica; Mureddu, Mario; Secchi, Luca; Chessa, Alessandro

2013-10-01

This work analyzes methods for the identification and the stability under perturbation of a territorial community structure with specific reference to transportation networks. We considered networks of commuters for a city and an insular region. In both cases, we have studied the distribution of commuters’ trips (i.e., home-to-work trips and vice versa). The identification and stability of the communities’ cores are linked to the land-use distribution within the zone system, and therefore their proper definition may be useful to transport planners.

Fundamentals of Modeling, Data Assimilation, and High-performance Computing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rood, Richard B.

2005-01-01

This lecture will introduce the concepts of modeling, data assimilation and high- performance computing as it relates to the study of atmospheric composition. The lecture will work from basic definitions and will strive to provide a framework for thinking about development and application of models and data assimilation systems. It will not provide technical or algorithmic information, leaving that to textbooks, technical reports, and ultimately scientific journals. References to a number of textbooks and papers will be provided as a gateway to the literature.

Development and Validation of a Rapid (13)C6-Glucose Isotope Dilution UPLC-MRM Mass Spectrometry Method for Use in Determining System Accuracy and Performance of Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices.

PubMed

Matsunami, Risë K; Angelides, Kimon; Engler, David A

2015-05-18

There is currently considerable discussion about the accuracy of blood glucose concentrations determined by personal blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMS). To date, the FDA has allowed new BGMS to demonstrate accuracy in reference to other glucose measurement systems that use the same or similar enzymatic-based methods to determine glucose concentration. These types of reference measurement procedures are only comparative in nature and are subject to the same potential sources of error in measurement and system perturbations as the device under evaluation. It would be ideal to have a completely orthogonal primary method that could serve as a true standard reference measurement procedure for establishing the accuracy of new BGMS. An isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (ID-UPLC-MRM) assay was developed using (13)C6-glucose as a stable isotope analogue to specifically measure glucose concentration in human plasma, and validated for use against NIST standard reference materials, and against fresh isolates of whole blood and plasma into which exogenous glucose had been spiked. Assay performance was quantified to NIST-traceable dry weight measures for both glucose and (13)C6-glucose. The newly developed assay method was shown to be rapid, highly specific, sensitive, accurate, and precise for measuring plasma glucose levels. The assay displayed sufficient dynamic range and linearity to measure across the range of both normal and diabetic blood glucose levels. Assay performance was measured to within the same uncertainty levels (<1%) as the NIST definitive method for glucose measurement in human serum. The newly developed ID UPLC-MRM assay can serve as a validated reference measurement procedure to which new BGMS can be assessed for glucose measurement performance. © 2015 Diabetes Technology Society.

Development and Validation of a Rapid 13C6-Glucose Isotope Dilution UPLC-MRM Mass Spectrometry Method for Use in Determining System Accuracy and Performance of Blood Glucose Monitoring Devices

PubMed Central

Matsunami, Risë K.; Angelides, Kimon; Engler, David A.

2015-01-01

Background: There is currently considerable discussion about the accuracy of blood glucose concentrations determined by personal blood glucose monitoring systems (BGMS). To date, the FDA has allowed new BGMS to demonstrate accuracy in reference to other glucose measurement systems that use the same or similar enzymatic-based methods to determine glucose concentration. These types of reference measurement procedures are only comparative in nature and are subject to the same potential sources of error in measurement and system perturbations as the device under evaluation. It would be ideal to have a completely orthogonal primary method that could serve as a true standard reference measurement procedure for establishing the accuracy of new BGMS. Methods: An isotope-dilution liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (ID-UPLC-MRM) assay was developed using 13C6-glucose as a stable isotope analogue to specifically measure glucose concentration in human plasma, and validated for use against NIST standard reference materials, and against fresh isolates of whole blood and plasma into which exogenous glucose had been spiked. Assay performance was quantified to NIST-traceable dry weight measures for both glucose and 13C6-glucose. Results: The newly developed assay method was shown to be rapid, highly specific, sensitive, accurate, and precise for measuring plasma glucose levels. The assay displayed sufficient dynamic range and linearity to measure across the range of both normal and diabetic blood glucose levels. Assay performance was measured to within the same uncertainty levels (<1%) as the NIST definitive method for glucose measurement in human serum. Conclusions: The newly developed ID UPLC-MRM assay can serve as a validated reference measurement procedure to which new BGMS can be assessed for glucose measurement performance. PMID:25986627

A glossary for carbon dioxide and climate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Millemann, R.E.

1988-03-01

This glossary contains definitions of selected CO/sub 2/-related terms as well as tables containing information related to CO/sub 2/climate. Each term is deined first, emphasizing its relationship to CO/sub 2/ and climate, and then for many of the terms the definition is followed by a more detailed description. References to the literature from which the definitions were taken are listed at the end of the Glossary

Impact of the Word "Bully" on the Reported Rate of Bullying Behavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kert, Allison S.; Codding, Robin S.; Tryon, Georgiana Shick; Shiyko, Mariya

2010-01-01

This study examined whether the definition and use of the word "bully" would result in lower self-reports of bullying behavior by providing students with one of three versions of a self-report measure with: (a) no reference to the word bully or its definition, (b) the definition of the word bully followed by use of the word in each item, or (c)…

Possessives and the Distinction between Determiners and Modifiers (with Special Reference to German).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plank, Frans

1992-01-01

A discussion of possessives, determiners, and modifiers covers the following topics: nonuniformity of nouns, distributional differences between demonstratives and definitive articles, and German possessives and the determiner-modifier continuum. (Contains eight references.) (LB)

BIOBASED MATERIALS

EPA Science Inventory

Biobased materials refer to products that mainly consist of a substance (or substances) derived from living matter (biomass) and either occur naturally or are synthesized, or it may refer to products made by processes that use biomass. Following a strict definition, many common m...

GEODYN system support program, volume 4. [computer program for trajectory analysis of artificial satellites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mullins, N. E.

1972-01-01

The GEODYN Orbit Determination and Geodetic Parameter Estimation System consists of a set of computer programs designed to determine and analyze definitive satellite orbits and their associated geodetic and measurement parameters. This manual describes the Support Programs used by the GEODYN System. The mathematics and programming descriptions are detailed. The operational procedures of each program are presented. GEODYN ancillary analysis programs may be grouped into three different categories: (1) orbit comparison - DELTA (2) data analysis using reference orbits - GEORGE, and (3) pass geometry computations - GROUNDTRACK. All of the above three programs use one or more tapes written by the GEODYN program in either a data reduction or orbit generator run.

Analytical Characterization of SPM Impact on XPM-Induced Degradation in Dispersion-Compensated WDM Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luís, Ruben S.; Cartaxo, Adolfo V. T.

2005-03-01

This paper proposes the definition of a cross-phase modulation (XPM)-induced power penalty for intensity modulation/direct detection (IM-DD) systems as a function of the normalized variance of the XPM-induced IM. This allows the definition of 1-dB power penalty reference values. New expressions of the equivalent linear model transfer functions for the XPM-induced IM and phase modulation (PM) that include the influence of self-phase modulation (SPM) as well as group-velocity dispersion are derived. The new expressions allow a significant extension for higher powers and dispersion parameters of expressions derived in previous papers for single-segment and multisegment fiber systems with dispersion compensation. Good agreement between analytical results and numerical simulations is obtained. Consistency with work performed numerically and experimentally by other authors is shown, validating the proposed model. Using the proposed model, the influence of residual dispersion and SPM on the limitations imposed by XPM on the performance of dispersion-compensated systems is assessed. It is shown that inline residual dispersion may lead to performance improvement for a properly tuned total residual dispersion. The influence of SPM is shown to degrade the system performance when nonzero-dispersion-shifted fiber is used. However, systems using standard single-mode fiber may benefit from the presence of SPM.

Studies on the Magnetic Center of the Mu2e Solenoid System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lopes, M. L.; Ambrosio, G.; Buehler, M.

2014-01-01

The definition of the magnetic center in the Mu2e solenoid system is not trivial given the S-shaped nature of the transport solenoid. Moreover, due to the fringe field of the larger bore adjacent magnets-production solenoid and the detector solenoid-the magnetic center does not coincide with the geometric center of the system. The reference magnetic center can be obtained by tracking a low-momentum charged particle through the whole system. This paper will discuss this method and will evaluate the deviations from the nominal magnetic center given the tolerances in the manufacturing and the alignment of the coils. Methods for the correctionmore » of the magnetic center will also be presented.« less

28 CFR 29.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE MOTOR VEHICLE THEFT PREVENTION ACT REGULATIONS § 29.2 Definitions. For the purposes of this part: (a) The Act or the MVTPA means the Motor Vehicle Theft Prevention Act. (b) Owner... used automobile dealerships. (c) The Program refers to the National Voluntary Motor Vehicle Theft...

42 CFR 405.201 - Scope of subpart and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...). (b) Definitions. As used in this subpart— Class I refers to devices for which the general controls of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, such as adherence to good manufacturing practice regulations, are... addition to general controls, require special controls, such as performance standards or postmarket...

42 CFR 405.201 - Scope of subpart and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...). (b) Definitions. As used in this subpart— Class I refers to devices for which the general controls of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, such as adherence to good manufacturing practice regulations, are... addition to general controls, require special controls, such as performance standards or postmarket...

42 CFR 405.201 - Scope of subpart and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...). (b) Definitions. As used in this subpart— Class I refers to devices for which the general controls of the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act, such as adherence to good manufacturing practice regulations, are... addition to general controls, require special controls, such as performance standards or postmarket...

A Phenomenographical Study of Voluntary Digital Exclusion

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Derrick L.

2012-01-01

Traditionally scholars have used the digital divide and technology acceptance model definitions when examining why some people elect not to use certain information and communications technologies. When examining the phenomenon referred to as voluntary digital exclusion, the use of these classic definitions is woefully inadequate. They do not…

46 CFR 72.05-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-5 Definitions. Note: The parenthetical number after each space refers to... considered as including the following spaces: (1) Control stations, i.e., spaces containing the emergency source of power, and those spaces in which a continuous watch is maintained and in which navigating...

46 CFR 72.05-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-5 Definitions. Note: The parenthetical number after each space refers to... considered as including the following spaces: (1) Control stations, i.e., spaces containing the emergency source of power, and those spaces in which a continuous watch is maintained and in which navigating...

46 CFR 72.05-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Structural Fire Protection § 72.05-5 Definitions. Note: The parenthetical number after each space refers to... considered as including the following spaces: (1) Control stations, i.e., spaces containing the emergency source of power, and those spaces in which a continuous watch is maintained and in which navigating...

40 CFR 52.1100 - Original identification of plan section.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Coating, Interior Sheet Drum Lining). (i) Incorporation by reference. (A) Revisions to COMAR 10.18.21.10... paper and plastic parts coating, including definitions for the terms fountain, letterpress printing... coating, and the addition of definitions for the terms sheet-fed paper coating and ultraviolet curable...

17 CFR 300.300 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... to Part 285 RULES OF THE SECURITIES INVESTOR PROTECTION CORPORATION Closeout Or Completion of Open...) of the Securities Investor Protection Act of 1970, as amended (hereinafter referred to as “the Act... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 300.300 Section...

45 CFR 95.605 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Equipment and Services-Conditions for Federal Financial Participation (FFP) General § 95.605 Definitions. As... acquiring ADP equipment or services from commercial sources or from State or local government resources... use of ADP services or equipment. The term APD refers to a Planning APD, or to a planning and/or...

21 CFR 900.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a scientific study conducted in accordance with FDA's investigational device exemption regulations..., regardless of whether the person is referred by a physician or is self-referred. (jj) Phantom means a test..., instructors in a post-high school training institution and manufacturer's representatives. (pp) Quality...

Virtual non-contrast dual-energy CT compared to single-energy CT of the urinary tract: a prospective study.

PubMed

Lundin, Margareta; Lidén, Mats; Magnuson, Anders; Mohammed, Ahmed Abdulilah; Geijer, Håkan; Andersson, Torbjörn; Persson, Anders

2012-07-01

Dual-energy computed tomography (DECT) has been shown to be useful for subtracting bone or calcium in CT angiography and gives an opportunity to produce a virtual non-contrast-enhanced (VNC) image from a series where contrast agents have been given intravenously. High noise levels and low resolution have previously limited the diagnostic value of the VNC images created with the first generation of DECT. With the recent introduction of a second generation of DECT, there is a possibility of obtaining VNC images with better image quality at hopefully lower radiation dose compared to the previous generation. To compare the image quality of the single-energy series to a VNC series obtained with a two generations of DECT scanners. CT of the urinary tract was used as a model. Thirty patients referred for evaluation of hematuria were examined with an older system (Somatom Definition) and another 30 patients with a new generation (Somatom Definition Flash). One single-energy series was obtained before and one dual-energy series after administration of intravenous contrast media. We created a VNC series from the contrast-enhanced images. Images were assessed concerning image quality with a visual grading scale evaluation of the VNC series with the single-energy series as gold standard. The image quality of the VNC images was rated inferior to the single-energy variant for both scanners, OR 11.5-67.3 for the Definition and OR 2.1-2.8 for the Definition Flash. Visual noise and overall quality were regarded as better with Flash than Definition. Image quality of VNC images obtained with the new generation of DECT is still slightly inferior compared to native images. However, the difference is smaller with the new compared to the older system.

INTEGRATION OF RELIABILITY WITH MECHANISTIC THERMALHYDRAULICS: REPORT ON APPROACH AND TEST PROBLEM RESULTS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. S. Schroeder; R. W. Youngblood

The Risk-Informed Safety Margin Characterization (RISMC) pathway of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability Program is developing simulation-based methods and tools for analyzing safety margin from a modern perspective. [1] There are multiple definitions of 'margin.' One class of definitions defines margin in terms of the distance between a point estimate of a given performance parameter (such as peak clad temperature), and a point-value acceptance criterion defined for that parameter (such as 2200 F). The present perspective on margin is that it relates to the probability of failure, and not just the distance between a nominal operating point and a criterion.more » In this work, margin is characterized through a probabilistic analysis of the 'loads' imposed on systems, structures, and components, and their 'capacity' to resist those loads without failing. Given the probabilistic load and capacity spectra, one can assess the probability that load exceeds capacity, leading to component failure. Within the project, we refer to a plot of these probabilistic spectra as 'the logo.' Refer to Figure 1 for a notional illustration. The implications of referring to 'the logo' are (1) RISMC is focused on being able to analyze loads and spectra probabilistically, and (2) calling it 'the logo' tacitly acknowledges that it is a highly simplified picture: meaningful analysis of a given component failure mode may require development of probabilistic spectra for multiple physical parameters, and in many practical cases, 'load' and 'capacity' will not vary independently.« less

A First Look at the Upcoming SISO Space Reference FOM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mueller, Bjorn; Crues, Edwin Z.; Dexter, Dan; Garro, Alfredo; Skuratovskiy, Anton; Vankov, Alexander

2016-01-01

Spaceflight is difficult, dangerous and expensive; human spaceflight even more so. In order to mitigate some of the danger and expense, professionals in the space domain have relied, and continue to rely, on computer simulation. Simulation is used at every level including concept, design, analysis, construction, testing, training and ultimately flight. As space systems have grown more complex, new simulation technologies have been developed, adopted and applied. Distributed simulation is one those technologies. Distributed simulation provides a base technology for segmenting these complex space systems into smaller, and usually simpler, component systems or subsystems. This segmentation also supports the separation of responsibilities between participating organizations. This segmentation is particularly useful for complex space systems like the International Space Station (ISS), which is composed of many elements from many nations along with visiting vehicles from many nations. This is likely to be the case for future human space exploration activities. Over the years, a number of distributed simulations have been built within the space domain. While many use the High Level Architecture (HLA) to provide the infrastructure for interoperability, HLA without a Federation Object Model (FOM) is insufficient by itself to insure interoperability. As a result, the Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO) is developing a Space Reference FOM. The Space Reference FOM Product Development Group is composed of members from several countries. They contribute experiences from projects within NASA, ESA and other organizations and represent government, academia and industry. The initial version of the Space Reference FOM is focusing on time and space and will provide the following: (i) a flexible positioning system using reference frames for arbitrary bodies in space, (ii) a naming conventions for well-known reference frames, (iii) definitions of common time scales, (iv) federation agreements for common types of time management with focus on time stepped simulation, and (v) support for physical entities, such as space vehicles and astronauts. The Space Reference FOM is expected to make collaboration politically, contractually and technically easier. It is also expected to make collaboration easier to manage and extend.

Towards a common formalization of resilience and vulnerability to natural hazards

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rougé, Charles; Mathias, Jean-Denis; Deffuant, Guillaume

2015-04-01

Resilience and vulnerability are two widely-used concepts when it comes to describe the potential impacts of natural hazards on a social and ecological system. They are an attractive way to communicate both with stakeholders and between the different disciplinary fields that use them in that context. Therefore, a formal definition of the concepts is warranted so as to provide a non-ambiguous reference for discussion and avoid misunderstandings. Besides, such a formalization should strive to formalize both concepts together so as to use their complimentarity. This abstract uses a stochastic controlled dynamical system formulation to propose a common framework for the definition of both resilience and vulnerability. Stochasticity represents all sources of uncertainty post-hazard, and the hazard is assumed to be an exogenous input. This mathematical representation highlights how the interplay between a natural hazard, the system's dynamic and the possible action policies influence the final outcome after the hazard hits. It also clarifies the role of normative choices in defining indicators that may inform or guide the system's management. More importantly, we demonstrate how the proposed framework may serve as a basis to generate indicators that are representative of general definitions of the concepts, yet flexible enough to be easily adapted to very diverse situations. Resilience is the ability for the system to keep or recover its properties of interest after a perturbation, while vulnerability is defined in a most general way as a measure of future harm. The definition of vulnerability leads to a variety of possible indicators, and ultimately to the identification of safe configurations of the system. Being resilient is then the fact of returning to a safe configuration, and the probability of resilience is that of doing so within a pre-defined time frame. Then, indicators may be designed around the probability distribution of return times. We show how viability, a control theory that aims at keeping a system in a desirable state, is relevant to the definition of safe configurations in a system, no matter how complex. A simple lake eutrophication model illustrates how resilience and vulnerability can be made complimentary through the proposed framework. It also highlights potential trade-offs between some resilience and vulnerability indicators, and showcases the relationship between indicators, management objectives and recovery trajectories after a hazard hits a system. We insist that the framework provides a meaningful basis to think about resilience to natural hazards, no matter the existence of a dynamical system representation for a given system.

Myocardial ischemia during intravenous DSA in patients with cardiac disease

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hesselink, J.R.; Hayman, L.A.; Chung, K.J.

1984-12-01

A prospective study was performed for 48 patients who had histories of angina and were referred for digital subtraction angiography (DSA). Cardiac disease was graded according to the American Heart Association (AHA) functional classification system. Each patient received 2-5 injections of 40-ml diatrizoate meglumine and diatrizoate sodium at 15 ml per second in the superior vena cava. Of the 28 patients in functional Classes I or II, 11% had angina and 32% had definite ischemic ECG changes after the DSA injections. Of the patients in functional Class III 63% had angina, and 58% had definite ischemic ECG changes after themore » injections. These observed cardiac effects following bolus injections of hypertonic ionic contrast media indicate that special precautions are necessary when performing intravenous DSA examinations on this group of high risk patients.« less

The New Kilogram Definition and its Implications for High-Precision Mass Tolerance Classes.

PubMed

Abbott, Patrick J; Kubarych, Zeina J

2013-01-01

The SI unit of mass, the kilogram, is the only remaining artifact definition in the seven fundamental units of the SI system. It will be redefined in terms of the Planck constant as soon as certain experimental conditions, based on recommendations of the Consultative Committee for Mass and Related Quantities (CCM) are met. To better reflect reality, the redefinition will likely be accompanied by an increase in the uncertainties that National Metrology Institutes (NMIs) pass on to customers via artifact dissemination, which could have an impact on the reference standards that are used by secondary calibration laboratories if certain weight tolerances are adopted for use. This paper will compare the legal metrology requirements for precision mass calibration laboratories after the kilogram is redefined with the current capabilities based on the international prototype kilogram (IPK) realization of the kilogram.

Reference in human and non-human primate communication: What does it take to refer?

PubMed

Sievers, Christine; Gruber, Thibaud

2016-07-01

The concept of functional reference has been used to isolate potentially referential vocal signals in animal communication. However, its relatedness to the phenomenon of reference in human language has recently been brought into question. While some researchers have suggested abandoning the concept of functional reference altogether, others advocate a revision of its definition to include contextual cues that play a role in signal production and perception. Empirical and theoretical work on functional reference has also put much emphasis on how the receiver understands the referential signal. However, reference, as defined in the linguistic literature, is an action of the producer, and therefore, any definition describing reference in non-human animals must also focus on the producer. To successfully determine whether a signal is used to refer, we suggest an approach from the field of pragmatics, taking a closer look at specific situations of signal production, specifically at the factors that influence the production of a signal by an individual. We define the concept of signaller's reference to identify intentional acts of reference produced by a signaller independently of the communicative modality, and illustrate it with a case study of the hoo vocalizations produced by wild chimpanzees during travel. This novel framework introduces an intentional approach to referentiality. It may therefore permit a closer comparison of human and non-human animal referential behaviour and underlying cognitive processes, allowing us to identify what may have emerged solely in the human lineage.

Teacher Professional Development as a Scientific Problem in Comparative Pedagogics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Avshenyuk, Natalia; Kostina, Lyudmyla

2014-01-01

Cogent argument for better understanding of the take-up of teacher professional development through understanding the definition itself has been presented. The main constituents of the definition with reference to different sources of information in psychology, philosophy and pedagogics have been analyzed. To make the research more logical, the…

38 CFR 64.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... THE RURAL VETERANS COORDINATION PILOT (RVCP) § 64.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part and any... health care means residing in an area identified by the Health Resources and Services Administration of... area classified as “rural” by the U.S. Census Bureau. Rural Veterans Coordination Pilot (RVCP) refers...

38 CFR 64.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... THE RURAL VETERANS COORDINATION PILOT (RVCP) § 64.2 Definitions. For the purpose of this part and any... health care means residing in an area identified by the Health Resources and Services Administration of... area classified as “rural” by the U.S. Census Bureau. Rural Veterans Coordination Pilot (RVCP) refers...

14 CFR 1240.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Definitions. 1240.102 Section 1240.102... Contributions Board. (d) Commercial quality refers to computer software that is not in an experimental or beta..., engineering or scientific concept, idea, design, process, or product, reported as new technology on NASA Form...

77 FR 58499 - Substitution of Term in a Definition; Addition and Adoption of the Use of Specific...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-21

.... The Committee is substituting the term ``disabled'' for ``handicapped'' in a term defined in its..., the terms other severely handicapped and severely handicapped individuals are used to define persons... remove references to ``handicap'' or ``handicapped'' in the list of definitions. Additionally, the...

40 CFR 262.87 - Reporting and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... movements subject to this subpart, persons (e.g., exporters, recognized traders) who meet the definition of...(s) and applicable waste code(s) from the appropriate OECD waste list incorporated by reference in... imprisonment. (b) Exception reports. Any person who meets the definition of primary exporter in § 262.51 or who...

40 CFR 262.87 - Reporting and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... movements subject to this subpart, persons (e.g., exporters, recognized traders) who meet the definition of...(s) and applicable waste code(s) from the appropriate OECD waste list incorporated by reference in... imprisonment. (b) Exception reports. Any person who meets the definition of primary exporter in § 262.51 or who...

40 CFR 262.87 - Reporting and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... movements subject to this subpart, persons (e.g., exporters, recognized traders) who meet the definition of...(s) and applicable waste code(s) from the appropriate OECD waste list incorporated by reference in... imprisonment. (b) Exception reports. Any person who meets the definition of primary exporter in § 262.51 or who...

40 CFR 262.87 - Reporting and recordkeeping.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... movements subject to this subpart, persons (e.g., exporters, recognized traders) who meet the definition of...(s) and applicable waste code(s) from the appropriate OECD waste list incorporated by reference in... imprisonment. (b) Exception reports. Any person who meets the definition of primary exporter in § 262.51 or who...

45 CFR 16.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Health and Human Services. Reference below to an action of the Board means an action of the Chair... 45 Public Welfare 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Definitions. 16.2 Section 16.2 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL ADMINISTRATION PROCEDURES OF THE DEPARTMENTAL GRANT APPEALS...

18 CFR 281.203 - Definitions and cross references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... power generation. (10) Hospital means a facility, the primary function of which is delivering medical... clinics or doctors' offices are not included in this definition. (11) School means a facility, the primary function of which is to deliver instruction to regularly enrolled students in attendance at such facility...

18 CFR 281.203 - Definitions and cross references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... power generation. (10) Hospital means a facility, the primary function of which is delivering medical... clinics or doctors' offices are not included in this definition. (11) School means a facility, the primary function of which is to deliver instruction to regularly enrolled students in attendance at such facility...

18 CFR 281.203 - Definitions and cross references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... power generation. (10) Hospital means a facility, the primary function of which is delivering medical... clinics or doctors' offices are not included in this definition. (11) School means a facility, the primary function of which is to deliver instruction to regularly enrolled students in attendance at such facility...

18 CFR 281.203 - Definitions and cross references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... power generation. (10) Hospital means a facility, the primary function of which is delivering medical... clinics or doctors' offices are not included in this definition. (11) School means a facility, the primary function of which is to deliver instruction to regularly enrolled students in attendance at such facility...

18 CFR 281.203 - Definitions and cross references.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... power generation. (10) Hospital means a facility, the primary function of which is delivering medical... clinics or doctors' offices are not included in this definition. (11) School means a facility, the primary function of which is to deliver instruction to regularly enrolled students in attendance at such facility...

45 CFR 233.80 - Disability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... or XVI of the Social Security Act must: (1) Contain a definition of permanently and totally disabled... occupations within his competence, such as holding a job. Under this definition: “Permanently” refers to a... able to work. (2) Provide for the review of each medical report and social history by technically...

36 CFR 241.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Conservation of Fish, Wildlife, and Their Habitat, Chugach National Forest, Alaska § 241.21 Definitions. For... refers to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) Federal lands mean... to a Native corporation or person. Fish and Wildlife means any member of the animal kingdom...

36 CFR 241.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Conservation of Fish, Wildlife, and Their Habitat, Chugach National Forest, Alaska § 241.21 Definitions. For... refers to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) Federal lands mean... to a Native corporation or person. Fish and Wildlife means any member of the animal kingdom...

36 CFR 241.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Conservation of Fish, Wildlife, and Their Habitat, Chugach National Forest, Alaska § 241.21 Definitions. For... refers to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) Federal lands mean... to a Native corporation or person. Fish and Wildlife means any member of the animal kingdom...

36 CFR 241.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Conservation of Fish, Wildlife, and Their Habitat, Chugach National Forest, Alaska § 241.21 Definitions. For... refers to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) Federal lands mean... to a Native corporation or person. Fish and Wildlife means any member of the animal kingdom...

36 CFR 241.21 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Conservation of Fish, Wildlife, and Their Habitat, Chugach National Forest, Alaska § 241.21 Definitions. For... refers to the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (16 U.S.C. 3101 et seq.) Federal lands mean... to a Native corporation or person. Fish and Wildlife means any member of the animal kingdom...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

22 CFR 1102.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 1102.2 Definitions. Act means the Freedom of Information Act, 5 U.S.C. 552, as amended. Commercial-use request refers to a request from or on behalf of one who seeks information.... Records and/or information are defined as all books, papers, manuals, maps, photographs, or other...

45 CFR 2507.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... environment. (k) Representative of the news media means a person who is actively gathering information for an... FOR DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 2507.1 Definitions. As used in this..., sometimes referred to as the “Freedom of Information Act”, and Pub. L. 104-231, 110 Stat. 3048, sometimes...

45 CFR 2507.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... environment. (k) Representative of the news media means a person who is actively gathering information for an... FOR DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 2507.1 Definitions. As used in this..., sometimes referred to as the “Freedom of Information Act”, and Pub. L. 104-231, 110 Stat. 3048, sometimes...

45 CFR 2507.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... environment. (k) Representative of the news media means a person who is actively gathering information for an... FOR DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 2507.1 Definitions. As used in this..., sometimes referred to as the “Freedom of Information Act”, and Pub. L. 104-231, 110 Stat. 3048, sometimes...

45 CFR 2507.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... environment. (k) Representative of the news media means a person who is actively gathering information for an... FOR DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 2507.1 Definitions. As used in this..., sometimes referred to as the “Freedom of Information Act”, and Pub. L. 104-231, 110 Stat. 3048, sometimes...

45 CFR 2507.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... environment. (k) Representative of the news media means a person who is actively gathering information for an... FOR DISCLOSURE OF RECORDS UNDER THE FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT § 2507.1 Definitions. As used in this..., sometimes referred to as the “Freedom of Information Act”, and Pub. L. 104-231, 110 Stat. 3048, sometimes...

42 CFR 2.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS General Provisions § 2.11 Definitions. For purposes of these regulations... social well-being of the user. Drug abuse means the use of a psychoactive substance for other than.... Diagnosis means any reference to an individual's alcohol or drug abuse or to a condition which is identified...

42 CFR 2.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS General Provisions § 2.11 Definitions. For purposes of these regulations... social well-being of the user. Drug abuse means the use of a psychoactive substance for other than.... Diagnosis means any reference to an individual's alcohol or drug abuse or to a condition which is identified...

42 CFR 2.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS General Provisions § 2.11 Definitions. For purposes of these regulations... social well-being of the user. Drug abuse means the use of a psychoactive substance for other than.... Diagnosis means any reference to an individual's alcohol or drug abuse or to a condition which is identified...

42 CFR 2.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS General Provisions § 2.11 Definitions. For purposes of these regulations... social well-being of the user. Drug abuse means the use of a psychoactive substance for other than.... Diagnosis means any reference to an individual's alcohol or drug abuse or to a condition which is identified...

42 CFR 2.11 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... DRUG ABUSE PATIENT RECORDS General Provisions § 2.11 Definitions. For purposes of these regulations... social well-being of the user. Drug abuse means the use of a psychoactive substance for other than.... Diagnosis means any reference to an individual's alcohol or drug abuse or to a condition which is identified...

A Comprehensive Definition of Plagiarism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liddell, Jean

2003-01-01

Explains how the internet has made it easy for students to plagiarize papers. Gives definitions for plagiarism. Explains reasons why students plagiarize including the following: they don't understand what it is, they think they won't get caught, etc. Describes ways to detect and prevent plagiarism. (ontains 58 references.)(MZ)