Sentence Complexity and Working Memory Effects in Ambiguity Resolution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Ji Hyon; Christianson, Kiel

2013-01-01

Two self-paced reading experiments using a paraphrase decision task paradigm were performed to investigate how sentence complexity contributed to the relative clause (RC) attachment preferences of speakers of different working memory capacities (WMCs). Experiment 1 (English) showed working memory effects on relative clause processing in both…

Processing Preference Toward Object-Extracted Relative Clauses in Mandarin Chinese by L1 and L2 Speakers: An Eye-Tracking Study

PubMed Central

Sung, Yao-Ting; Tu, Jung-Yueh; Cha, Jih-Ho; Wu, Ming-Da

2016-01-01

The current study employed an eye-movement technique with an attempt to explore the reading patterns for the two types of Chinese relative clauses, subject-extracted relative clauses (SRCs) and object-extracted relative clauses (ORCs), by native speakers (L1), and Japanese learners (L2) of Chinese. The data were analyzed in terms of gaze duration, regression path duration, and regression rate on the two critical regions, head noun, and embedded verb. The results indicated that both the L1 and L2 participants spent less time on the head nouns in ORCs than in SRCs. Also, the L2 participants spent less time on the embedded verbs in ORCs than in SRCs and their regression rate for embedded verbs was generally lower in ORCs than in SRC. The findings showed that the participants experienced less processing difficulty in ORCs than SRCs. These results suggest an ORC preference in L1 and L2 speakers of Chinese, which provides evidence in support of linear distance hypothesis and implies that the syntactic nature of Chinese is at play in the RC processing. PMID:26834677

Ambiguity in the processing of Mandarin Chinese relative clauses: One factor cannot explain it all

PubMed Central

Mansbridge, Michael P.; Tamaoka, Katsuo; Xiong, Kexin; Verdonschot, Rinus G.

2017-01-01

This study addresses the question of whether native Mandarin Chinese speakers process and comprehend subject-extracted relative clauses (SRC) more readily than object-extracted relative clauses (ORC) in Mandarin Chinese. Presently, this has been a hotly debated issue, with various studies producing contrasting results. Using two eye-tracking experiments with ambiguous and unambiguous RCs, this study shows that both ORCs and SRCs have different processing requirements depending on the locus and time course during reading. The results reveal that ORC reading was possibly facilitated by linear/temporal integration and canonicity. On the other hand, similarity-based interference made ORCs more difficult, and expectation-based processing was more prominent for unambiguous ORCs. Overall, RC processing in Mandarin should not be broken down to a single ORC (dis)advantage, but understood as multiple interdependent factors influencing whether ORCs are either more difficult or easier to parse depending on the task and context at hand. PMID:28594939

Pushed aside: Parentheticals, Memory and Processing

PubMed Central

Dillon, Brian; Clifton, Charles; Frazier, Lyn

2014-01-01

In the current work, we test the hypothesis that ‘at-issue’ and 'not-at-issue' content (Potts, 2005) are processed semi-independently. In a written rating study comparing restrictive relative clauses and parentheticals in interrogatives and declaratives, we observe a significantly larger length penalty for restrictive relative clauses than for parentheticals. This difference cannot be attributed to differences in how listeners allocate attention across a sentence: a second study confirms that readers are equally sensitive to agreement violations in at-issue and not-at-issue content. A third rating experiment showed that the results do not depend on the restrictive relative clause intervening on the subject-verb dependency. A final experiment showed that the observed effects obtain with definite determiners and demonstratives alike. Taken jointly the results suggest that the parenthetical structures are processed independently of their embedding utterance, which in turn suggests that syntactic memory may be more differentiated than is typically assumed. PMID:24812639

The Acquisition of English Restrictive Relative Clauses by Arab Adult EFL Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alroudhan, Hayat Eid

2016-01-01

This study investigates the challenges faced by Arab adult learners of English as a foreign language (EFL) in acquiring English restrictive relative clauses (RRCs), as well as the factors that affect the process of acquisition. This issue has received considerable attention in second language (L2) research. The present study discusses the…

The Role of Working Memory and Contextual Constraints in Children's Processing of Relative Clauses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wieghall, Anna R.; Altmann, Gerry T. M.

2011-01-01

An auditory sentence comprehension task investigated the extent to which the integration of contextual and structural cues was mediated by verbal memory span with 32 English-speaking six- to eight-year-old children. Spoken relative clause sentences were accompanied by visual context pictures which fully (depicting the actions described within the…

Transfer in L3 Sentence Processing: Evidence from Relative Clause Attachment Ambiguities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rah, Anne

2010-01-01

The present study investigates transfer effects in two groups of German learners of French for ambiguous relative clause (RC) constructions. The first learner group had started to learn French before English, whereas the second group had started to learn English before French. The RC attachment ambiguity is interesting to study possible transfer…

The Pistol that Injured the Cowboy: Difficulty with Inanimate Subject-Verb Integration Is Reduced by Structural Separation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowder, Matthew W.; Gordon, Peter C.

2012-01-01

Previous work has suggested that the difficulty normally associated with processing an object-extracted relative clause (ORC) compared to a subject-extracted relative clause (SRC) is increased when the head noun phrase (NP1) is animate and the embedded noun phrase (NP2) is inanimate, compared to the reverse animacy configuration. Two eye-tracking…

Effects of Noun Phrase Type on Sentence Complexity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Peter C.; Hendrick, Randall; Johnson, Marcus

2004-01-01

A series of self-paced reading time experiments was performed to assess how characteristics of noun phrases (NPs) contribute to the difference in processing difficulty between object- and subject-extracted relative clauses. Structural semantic characteristics of the NP in the embedded clause (definite vs. indefinite and definite vs. generic) did…

Syntactic and Prosodic Computations in the Resolution of Relative Clause Attachment Ambiguity by English-French Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dekydtspotter, Laurent; Donaldson, Bryan; Edmonds, Amanda C.; Fultz, Audrey Liljestrand; Petrush, Rebecca A.

2008-01-01

This study investigates the manner in which syntax, prosody, and context interact when second- and fourth-semester college-level English-French learners process relative clause (RC) attachment to either the first noun phrase (NP1) or the second noun phrase (NP2) in complex nominal expressions such as "le secretaire du psychologue qui se promene"…

Anticipating explanations in relative clause processing.

PubMed

Rohde, H; Levy, R; Kehler, A

2011-03-01

We show that comprehenders' expectations about upcoming discourse coherence relations influence the resolution of local structural ambiguity. We employ cases in which two clauses share both a syntactic relationship and a discourse relationship, and hence in which syntactic and discourse processing might be expected to interact. An off-line sentence-completion study and an on-line self-paced reading study examined readers' expectations for high/low relative-clause attachments following implicit-causality and non-implicit causality verbs (John detests/babysits the children of the musician who…). In the off-line study, the widely reported low-attachment preference for English is observed in the non-implicit causality condition, but this preference gives way to more high attachments in the implicit-causality condition in cases in which (i) the verb's causally implicated referent occupies the high-attachment position and (ii) the relative clause provides an explanation for the event described by the matrix clause (e.g., …who are arrogant and rude). In the on-line study, a similar preference for high attachment emerges in the implicit-causality context-crucially, before the occurrence of any linguistic evidence that the RC does in fact provide an explanation-whereas the low-attachment preference is consistent elsewhere. These findings constitute the first demonstration that expectations about ensuing discourse coherence relationships can elicit full reversals in syntactic attachment preferences, and that these discourse-level expectations can affect on-line disambiguation as rapidly as lexical and morphosyntactic cues. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Anticipating Explanations in Relative Clause Processing

PubMed Central

Rohde, H.; Levy, R.; Kehler, A.

2011-01-01

We show that comprehenders’ expectations about upcoming discourse coherence relations influence the resolution of local structural ambiguity. We employ cases in which two clauses share both a syntactic relationship and a discourse relationship, and hence in which syntactic and discourse processing might be expected to interact. An off-line sentence-completion study and an on-line self-paced reading study examined readers’ expectations for high/low relative clause attachments following implicit-causality and non-implicit-causality verbs (John detests/babysits the children of the musician who…). In the off-line study, the widely reported low-attachment preference for English is observed in the non-implicit causality condition, but this preference gives way to more high attachments in the implicit causality condition in cases in which (i) the verb’s causally implicated referent occupies the high-attachment position and (ii) the relative clause provides an explanation for the event described by the matrix clause (e.g., …who are arrogant and rude). In the on-line study, a similar preference for high attachment emerges in the implicit causality context—crucially, before the occurrence of any linguistic evidence that the RC does in fact provide an explanation—whereas the low-attachment preference is consistent elsewhere. These findings constitute the first demonstration that expectations about ensuing discourse coherence relationships can elicit full reversals in syntactic attachment preferences, and that these discourse-level expectations can affect on-line disambiguation as rapidly as lexical and morphosyntactic cues. PMID:21216396

The On-Line Processing of Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in Aphasia

PubMed Central

Shapiro, Lewis P.; Love, Tracy; Grodzinsky, Yosef

2009-01-01

We investigated the on-line processing of verb-phrase ellipsis (VPE) constructions in two brain injured populations: Broca’s and Anomic aphasics. VPE constructions are built from two simple clauses; the first is the antecedent clause and the second is the ellipsis clause. The ellipsis clause is missing its verb and object (i.e., its verb phrase (VP)), which receives its reference from the fully specified VP in the antecedent clause. VPE constructions are unlike other sentence types that require displacement of an argument NP; these latter constructions (e.g., object-relatives, wh-questions) yield either on-time or delayed antecedent reactivation. Our results demonstrate that Anomics, like unimpaired individuals, evince reactivation of the direct object NP (within the VP) at the elided position. Broca’s patients, on the other hand, do not show reactivation of the antecedent. We consider several interpretations for our data, including explanations focusing on the larger ‘grain size’ of the reconstructed material in the ellipsis clause, the properties of the auxiliary that carries tense and agreement features, and the possibility that the cost-free syntactic copy procedure claimed to underlie VPE may be modulated by the functional deficit in Broca’s aphasia. PMID:19350393

The Syntax of Zero in African American Relative Clauses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sistrunk, Walter

2012-01-01

African American relative clauses are distinct from Standard English relative clauses in allowing zero subject relatives and zero appositive relatives. Pesetsky and Torrego's (2003) (P&T) analysis of the subject-nonsubject asymmetry in relative clauses accounts for zero object relatives while restricting zero subject relatives. P&T…

Eye-Tracking and Corpus-Based Analyses of Syntax-Semantics Interactions in Complement Coercion

PubMed Central

Lowder, Matthew W.; Gordon, Peter C.

2016-01-01

Previous work has shown that the difficulty associated with processing complex semantic expressions is reduced when the critical constituents appear in separate clauses as opposed to when they appear together in the same clause. We investigated this effect further, focusing in particular on complement coercion, in which an event-selecting verb (e.g., began) combines with a complement that represents an entity (e.g., began the memo). Experiment 1 compared reading times for coercion versus control expressions when the critical verb and complement appeared together in a subject-extracted relative clause (SRC) (e.g., The secretary that began/wrote the memo) compared to when they appeared together in a simple sentence. Readers spent more time processing coercion expressions than control expressions, replicating the typical coercion cost. In addition, readers spent less time processing the verb and complement in SRCs than in simple sentences; however, the magnitude of the coercion cost did not depend on sentence structure. In contrast, Experiment 2 showed that the coercion cost was reduced when the complement appeared as the head of an object-extracted relative clause (ORC) (e.g., The memo that the secretary began/wrote) compared to when the constituents appeared together in an SRC. Consistent with the eye-tracking results of Experiment 2, a corpus analysis showed that expressions requiring complement coercion are more frequent when the constituents are separated by the clause boundary of an ORC compared to when they are embedded together within an SRC. The results provide important information about the types of structural configurations that contribute to reduced difficulty with complex semantic expressions, as well as how these processing patterns are reflected in naturally occurring language. PMID:28529960

Semantic Bias in the Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Japanese

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozeki, Hiromi; Shirai, Yasuhiro

2010-01-01

This study analyzes the acquisition of relative clauses in Japanese to determine the semantic and functional characteristics of children's relative clauses in spontaneous speech. Longitudinal data from five Japanese children are analyzed and compared with English data (Diessel & Tomasello, 2000). The results show that the relative clauses produced…

The On-Line Processing of Verb-Phrase Ellipsis in Aphasia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poirier, Josee; Shapiro, Lewis P.; Love, Tracy; Grodzinsky, Yosef

2009-01-01

We investigate the on-line processing of verb-phrase ellipsis (VPE) constructions in two brain injured populations: Broca's and Anomic aphasics. VPE constructions are built from two simple clauses; the first is the antecedent clause and the second is the ellipsis clause. The ellipsis clause is missing its verb and object (i.e., its verb phrase…

Low Quality Natural Gas Sulfur Removal and Recovery CNG Claus Sulfur Recovery Process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klint, V.W.; Dale, P.R.; Stephenson, C.

1997-10-01

Increased use of natural gas (methane) in the domestic energy market will force the development of large non-producing gas reserves now considered to be low quality. Large reserves of low quality natural gas (LQNG) contaminated with hydrogen sulfide (H{sub 2}S), carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) and nitrogen (N) are available but not suitable for treatment using current conventional gas treating methods due to economic and environmental constraints. A group of three technologies have been integrated to allow for processing of these LQNG reserves; the Controlled Freeze Zone (CFZ) process for hydrocarbon / acid gas separation; the Triple Point Crystallizer (TPC) processmore » for H{sub 2}S / C0{sub 2} separation and the CNG Claus process for recovery of elemental sulfur from H{sub 2}S. The combined CFZ/TPC/CNG Claus group of processes is one program aimed at developing an alternative gas treating technology which is both economically and environmentally suitable for developing these low quality natural gas reserves. The CFZ/TPC/CNG Claus process is capable of treating low quality natural gas containing >10% C0{sub 2} and measurable levels of H{sub 2}S and N{sub 2} to pipeline specifications. The integrated CFZ / CNG Claus Process or the stand-alone CNG Claus Process has a number of attractive features for treating LQNG. The processes are capable of treating raw gas with a variety of trace contaminant components. The processes can also accommodate large changes in raw gas composition and flow rates. The combined processes are capable of achieving virtually undetectable levels of H{sub 2}S and significantly less than 2% CO in the product methane. The separation processes operate at pressure and deliver a high pressure (ca. 100 psia) acid gas (H{sub 2}S) stream for processing in the CNG Claus unit. This allows for substantial reductions in plant vessel size as compared to conventional Claus / Tail gas treating technologies. A close integration of the components of the CNG Claus process also allow for use of the methane/H{sub 2}S separation unit as a Claus tail gas treating unit by recycling the CNG Claus tail gas stream. This allows for virtually 100 percent sulfur recovery efficiency (virtually zero SO{sub 2} emissions) by recycling the sulfur laden tail gas to extinction. The use of the tail gas recycle scheme also deemphasizes the conventional requirement in Claus units to have high unit conversion efficiency and thereby make the operation much less affected by process upsets and feed gas composition changes. The development of these technologies has been ongoing for many years and both the CFZ and the TPC processes have been demonstrated at large pilot plant scales. On the other hand, prior to this project, the CNG Claus process had not been proven at any scale. Therefore, the primary objective of this portion of the program was to design, build and operate a pilot scale CNG Claus unit and demonstrate the required fundamental reaction chemistry and also demonstrate the viability of a reasonably sized working unit.« less

Predicting and Priming Thematic Roles: Flexible Use of Verbal and Nonverbal Cues during Relative Clause Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kowalski, Alix; Huang, Yi Ting

2017-01-01

Relative-clause sentences (RCs) have been a key test case for psycholinguistic models of comprehension. While object-relative clauses (e.g., ORCs: "The bear that 'the horse' . . .") are distinguished from subject-relative clauses (SRCs) after the second noun phrase (NP2; e.g., SRCs: "The bear that 'pushed' . . ."), role…

The Matrix Verb as a Source of Comprehension Difficulty in Object Relative Sentences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Staub, Adrian; Dillon, Brian; Clifton, Charles, Jr.

2017-01-01

Two experiments used eyetracking during reading to examine the processing of the matrix verb following object and subject relative clauses. The experiments show that the processing of the matrix verb following an object relative is indeed slowed compared to the processing of the same verb following a subject relative. However, this difficulty is…

48 CFR 227.7102-3 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... processes. Do not require the contractor to include this clause in its subcontracts. (2) Use the clause at... for commercial items or commercial components. (c) Use the clause at 252.227-7037, Validation of...

48 CFR 251.205 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Fleet Management System (IFMS) Vehicles 251.205 Contract clause. Use the clause at 252.251-7001, Use of Interagency Fleet Management System (IFMS)Vehicles and Related Services, in solicitations and contracts which include the clause at FAR 52.251-2, Interagency Fleet Management System (IFMS) Vehicles and Related...

The syntactic complexity of Russian relative clauses

PubMed Central

Fedorenko, Evelina; Gibson, Edward

2012-01-01

Although syntactic complexity has been investigated across dozens of studies, the available data still greatly underdetermine relevant theories of processing difficulty. Memory-based and expectation-based theories make opposite predictions regarding fine-grained time course of processing difficulty in syntactically constrained contexts, and each class of theory receives support from results on some constructions in some languages. Here we report four self-paced reading experiments on the online comprehension of Russian relative clauses together with related corpus studies, taking advantage of Russian’s flexible word order to disentangle predictions of competing theories. We find support for key predictions of memory-based theories in reading times at RC verbs, and for key predictions of expectation-based theories in processing difficulty at RC-initial accusative noun phrase (NP) objects, which corpus data suggest should be highly unexpected. These results suggest that a complete theory of syntactic complexity must integrate insights from both expectation-based and memory-based theories. PMID:24711687

Processing Controlled PROs in Spanish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Betancort, Moises; Carreiras, Manuel; Acuna-Farina, Carlos

2006-01-01

Two experiments were carried out to investigate the processing of the empty category PRO and the time-course of this in Spanish. Eye movements were recorded while participants read sentences in which a matrix clause was followed by a subordinate infinitival clause, so that the subject or the object of the main clause could act as controller of…

76 FR 25657 - Cross-Waiver of Liability Clauses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-05-05

... activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or guidance and control equipment and... process for use other than for ISS-related activities in implementation of the IGA. (8) ``Related Entity... activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or guidance and control equipment, and...

Animacy-Based Accessibility and Competition in Relative Clause Production in Hindi and Malayalam.

PubMed

Perera, C K; Srivastava, A K

2016-08-01

Two studies investigated interaction of animacy-based accessibility and competition processes with language specific constraints in shaping production preferences. Relative clause elicitation tasks (Gennari et al. in Cogn Psychol 65:141-176, 2012) were performed by two groups with 40 participants in each. Significantly more passives were produced with animate question/focus and assigned subject function to them in Malayalam, while the difference was insignificant in Hindi with animacy not equating with grammatical function assignment. Both languages produced active objects with OSV order significantly more with animate question/focus. This indicates animacy effect on word order. Animacy also influenced the expression of the agent phase in both languages as a tendency was found to omit the agent by-phase or to delay its appearance, when the two animate nouns entering into the structure are highly similar. The results point to language specific constraints in relative clause production and variability in the role of animacy-based retrieval order across languages.

Context predicts word order processing in Broca's region.

PubMed

Kristensen, Line Burholt; Engberg-Pedersen, Elisabeth; Wallentin, Mikkel

2014-12-01

The function of the left inferior frontal gyrus (L-IFG) is highly disputed. A number of language processing studies have linked the region to the processing of syntactical structure. Still, there is little agreement when it comes to defining why linguistic structures differ in their effects on the L-IFG. In a number of languages, the processing of object-initial sentences affects the L-IFG more than the processing of subject-initial ones, but frequency and distribution differences may act as confounding variables. Syntactically complex structures (like the object-initial construction in Danish) are often less frequent and only viable in certain contexts. With this confound in mind, the L-IFG activation may be sensitive to other variables than a syntax manipulation on its own. The present fMRI study investigates the effect of a pragmatically appropriate context on the processing of subject-initial and object-initial clauses with the IFG as our ROI. We find that Danish object-initial clauses yield a higher BOLD response in L-IFG, but we also find an interaction between appropriateness of context and word order. This interaction overlaps with traditional syntax areas in the IFG. For object-initial clauses, the effect of an appropriate context is bigger than for subject-initial clauses. This result is supported by an acceptability study that shows that, given appropriate contexts, object-initial clauses are considered more appropriate than subject-initial clauses. The increased L-IFG activation for processing object-initial clauses without a supportive context may be interpreted as reflecting either reinterpretation or the recipients' failure to correctly predict word order from contextual cues.

48 CFR 52.251-2 - Interagency Fleet Management System Vehicles and Related Services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Management System Vehicles and Related Services. 52.251-2 Section 52.251-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.251-2 Interagency Fleet Management System Vehicles and Related...

48 CFR 52.251-2 - Interagency Fleet Management System Vehicles and Related Services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Management System Vehicles and Related Services. 52.251-2 Section 52.251-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.251-2 Interagency Fleet Management System Vehicles and Related...

48 CFR 1513.507 - Clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... automatic data processing equipment, word processing, and similar types of commercially available equipment... CONTRACT TYPES SIMPLIFIED ACQUISITION PROCEDURES Purchase Orders 1513.507 Clauses. (a) It is the general...

A Cognitive Complexity Metric Applied to Cognitive Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Andrews, Glenda; Halford, Graeme S.

2002-01-01

Two experiments tested predictions from a theory in which processing load depends on relational complexity (RC), the number of variables related in a single decision. Tasks from six domains (transitivity, hierarchical classification, class inclusion, cardinality, relative-clause sentence comprehension, and hypothesis testing) were administered to…

77 FR 59339 - Cross Waivers of Liability Clauses

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-27

... facilities and services; and (ii) All activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or... develop further a Payload's product or process for use other than for ISS-related activities in... (ii) All activities related to ground support, test, training, simulation, or guidance and control...

The parser doesn't ignore intransitivity, after all

PubMed Central

Staub, Adrian

2015-01-01

Several previous studies (Adams, Clifton, & Mitchell, 1998; Mitchell, 1987; van Gompel & Pickering, 2001) have explored the question of whether the parser initially analyzes a noun phrase that follows an intransitive verb as the verb's direct object. Three eyetracking experiments examined this issue in more detail. Experiment 1 strongly replicated the finding (van Gompel & Pickering, 2001) that readers experience difficulty on this noun phrase in normal reading, and found that this difficulty occurs even with a class of intransitive verbs for which a direct object is categorically prohibited. Experiment 2, however, demonstrated that this effect is not due to syntactic misanalysis, but is instead due to disruption that occurs when a comma is absent at a subordinate clause/main clause boundary. Exploring a different construction, Experiment 3 replicated the finding (Pickering & Traxler, 2003; Traxler & Pickering, 1996) that when a noun phrase “filler” is an implausible direct object for an optionally transitive relative clause verb, processing difficulty results; however, there was no evidence for such difficulty when the relative clause verb was strictly intransitive. Taken together, the three experiments undermine the support for the claim that the parser initially ignores a verb's subcategorization restrictions. PMID:17470005

The Elicited Production of Korean Relative Clauses by Heritage Speakers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee-Ellis, Sunyoung

2011-01-01

In response to new theoretical claims and inconclusive empirical findings regarding relative clauses in East Asian languages, this study examined the factors relevant to relative clause production by Korean heritage speakers. Gap position (subject vs. object), animacy (plus or minus animate), and the topicality of head nouns (plus or minus…

Relative Clauses in Cantonese-English Bilingual Children: Typological Challenges and Processing Motivations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yip, Virginia; Matthews, Stephen

2007-01-01

Findings from a longitudinal study of bilingual children acquiring Cantonese and English pose a challenge to the noun phrase accessibility hierarchy (NPAH; Keenan & Comrie, 1977), which predicts that object relatives should not be acquired before subject relatives. In the children's Cantonese, object relatives emerged earlier than or…

Annoying Danish Relatives: Comprehension and Production of Relative Clauses by Danish Children with and without SLI

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jensen De Lopez, Kristine; Olsen, Lone Sundahl; Chondrogianni, Vasiliki

2014-01-01

This study examines the comprehension and production of subject and object relative clauses (SRCs, ORCs) by children with Specific Language Impairment (SLI) and their typically developing (TD) peers. The purpose is to investigate whether relative clauses are problematic for Danish children with SLI and to compare errors with those produced by TD…

Child and Adult Construal of Restrictive Relative Clauses: Knowledge of Grammar and Differential Effects of Syntactic Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fragman, Cathy; Goodluck, Helen; Heggie, Lindsay

2007-01-01

We report four act-out experiments testing the sensitivity of adults and three- to five-year-old children to the distinction between restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses in English. Specifically, we test knowledge of the fact that restrictive relative clauses cannot modify a proper name head, and of the fact that relatives introduced…

The Acquisition of German Relative Clauses: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brand, Silke; Diessel, Holger; Tomasello, Michael

2008-01-01

This paper investigates the development of relative clauses in the speech of one German-speaking child aged 2 ; 0 to 5 ; 0. The earliest relative clauses we found in the data occur in topicalization constructions that are only a little different from simple sentences: they contain a single proposition, express the actor prior to other…

Acquisition of Zero Relative Clauses in English by Adult Turkish Learners of English

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ordem, Eser

2017-01-01

Studies on acquisition of relative clauses by first and second language learners have evoked considerable interest in recent decades. In line with such studies, in this present study we aim to show the possible effect of first language (Turkish) on second language (English) in zero relative clause constructions. English uses certain stranded…

22 CFR 124.9 - Additional clauses required only in manufacturing license agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... manufacturing license agreements. 124.9 Section 124.9 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL... Additional clauses required only in manufacturing license agreements. (a) Clauses for all manufacturing license agreements. The following clauses must be included only in manufacturing license agreements: (1...

Time-Driven Effects on Processing Relative Clauses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schremm, Andrea; Horne, Merle; Roll, Mikael

2016-01-01

The present response time study investigated how a hypothesized time-based working memory constraint of 2-3 s affects the resolution of grammatical and semantic dependencies. Congruent and incongruent object relative (OR) and subject relative sentences were read at different presentation rates so that the distance between dependent words was…

48 CFR 846.302-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-72 Frozen processed foods. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 852.246-72, Frozen processed foods, in solicitations and contracts for... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Frozen processed foods...

48 CFR 846.302-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Frozen processed foods... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-72 Frozen processed foods. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 852.246-72, Frozen processed foods, in solicitations and contracts for...

48 CFR 846.302-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Frozen processed foods... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-72 Frozen processed foods. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 852.246-72, Frozen processed foods, in solicitations and contracts for...

48 CFR 846.302-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Frozen processed foods... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-72 Frozen processed foods. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 852.246-72, Frozen processed foods, in solicitations and contracts for...

48 CFR 846.302-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Frozen processed foods... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-72 Frozen processed foods. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 852.246-72, Frozen processed foods, in solicitations and contracts for...

48 CFR 728.313 - Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS BONDS AND INSURANCE Insurance 728.313 Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services. (a... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Contract clauses for...

41 CFR 60-250.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-250.5 Section 60-250.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... PROTECTED VETERANS Preliminary Matters, Equal Opportunity Clause § 60-250.5 Equal opportunity clause. (a...

41 CFR 60-250.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-250.5 Section 60-250.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... PROTECTED VETERANS Preliminary Matters, Equal Opportunity Clause § 60-250.5 Equal opportunity clause. (a...

41 CFR 60-250.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equal opportunity clause. 60-250.5 Section 60-250.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... PROTECTED VETERANS Preliminary Matters, Equal Opportunity Clause § 60-250.5 Equal opportunity clause. (a...

A Theory of Reading: From Eye Fixations to Comprehension.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Just, Marcel Adam; Carpenter, Patricia A.

1980-01-01

A model of reading comprehension focuses on eye fixations, which are related to the level of reading processes--words, clauses, and text units. Longer pauses are associated with greater processing difficulty. This model is illustrated for a group of undergraduate students reading scientific articles from "Newsweek" and "Time" magazines. (GDC)

48 CFR 852.271-72 - Time spent by counselee in counseling process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... counseling process. 852.271-72 Section 852.271-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... Clauses 852.271-72 Time spent by counselee in counseling process. As prescribed in 871.212, insert the following clause: Time Spent by Counselee in Counseling Process (APR 1984) The contractor agrees that no...

48 CFR 852.271-72 - Time spent by counselee in counseling process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... counseling process. 852.271-72 Section 852.271-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... Clauses 852.271-72 Time spent by counselee in counseling process. As prescribed in 871.212, insert the following clause: Time Spent by Counselee in Counseling Process (APR 1984) The contractor agrees that no...

48 CFR 852.271-72 - Time spent by counselee in counseling process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... counseling process. 852.271-72 Section 852.271-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... Clauses 852.271-72 Time spent by counselee in counseling process. As prescribed in 871.212, insert the following clause: Time Spent by Counselee in Counseling Process (APR 1984) The contractor agrees that no...

48 CFR 852.271-72 - Time spent by counselee in counseling process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... counseling process. 852.271-72 Section 852.271-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... Clauses 852.271-72 Time spent by counselee in counseling process. As prescribed in 871.212, insert the following clause: Time Spent by Counselee in Counseling Process (APR 1984) The contractor agrees that no...

48 CFR 852.271-72 - Time spent by counselee in counseling process.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... counseling process. 852.271-72 Section 852.271-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF... Clauses 852.271-72 Time spent by counselee in counseling process. As prescribed in 871.212, insert the following clause: Time Spent by Counselee in Counseling Process (APR 1984) The contractor agrees that no...

The Influence of Contextual Contrast on Syntactic Processing: Evidence for Strong-Interaction in Sentence Comprehension

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grodner, D.; Gibson, E.; Watson, D.

2005-01-01

The present study compares the processing of unambiguous restrictive and non-restrictive relative clauses (RCs) within both a null context and a supportive discourse using a self-paced reading methodology. Individuals read restrictive RCs more slowly than non-restrictive RCs in a null context, but processed restrictive RCs faster than…

The Sentence-Composition Effect: Processing of Complex Sentences Depends on the Configuration of Common Noun Phrases versus Unusual Noun Phrases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Marcus L.; Lowder, Matthew W.; Gordon, Peter C.

2011-01-01

In 2 experiments, the authors used an eye tracking while reading methodology to examine how different configurations of common noun phrases versus unusual noun phrases (NPs) influenced the difference in processing difficulty between sentences containing object- and subject-extracted relative clauses. Results showed that processing difficulty was…

Deaf Readers’ Response to Syntactic Complexity: Evidence from Self-Paced Reading

PubMed Central

Traxler, Matthew J.; Corina, David P.; Morford, Jill P.; Hafer, Sarah; Hoversten, Liv J.

2013-01-01

This study was designed to determine the feasibility of using self-paced reading methods to study deaf readers and to assess how deaf readers respond to two syntactic manipulations. Three groups of participants read the test sentences: deaf readers, hearing monolingual English readers, and hearing bilingual readers whose second language was English. In Experiment 1, participants read sentences containing subject relative or object relative clauses. The test sentences contained semantic information that influences on-line processing outcomes (Traxler et al., 2002; 2005). All of the participant groups had greater difficulty processing sentences containing object relative clauses. This difficulty was reduced when helpful semantic cues were present. In Experiment 2, participants read active voice and passive voice sentences. The sentences were processed similarly by all three groups. Comprehension accuracy was higher in hearing readers than in deaf readers. Within deaf readers, native signers read the sentences faster and comprehended them to a higher degree than did non-native signers. These results indicate that self-paced reading is a useful method for studying sentence interpretation among deaf readers. PMID:23868696

Activating without Inhibiting: Left-Edge Boundary Tones and Syntactic Processing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roll, Mikael; Horne, Merle; Lindgren, Magnus

2011-01-01

Right-edge boundary tones have earlier been found to restrict syntactic processing by closing a clause for further integration of incoming words. The role of left-edge intonation, however, has received little attention to date. We show that Swedish left-edge boundary tones selectively facilitate the on-line processing of main clauses, the…

48 CFR 1352.237-70 - Security processing requirements-high or moderate risk contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... requirements-high or moderate risk contracts. 1352.237-70 Section 1352.237-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations... Provisions and Clauses 1352.237-70 Security processing requirements—high or moderate risk contracts. As prescribed in 48 CFR 1337.110-70 (b), insert the following clause: Security Processing Requirements—High or...

Limiting Exposure to Medical Malpractice Claims and Defamatory Cyber Postings via Patient Contracts

PubMed Central

Segal, Jeffrey J.

2008-01-01

The documents patients sign on admission to a medical practice can constitute a legal contract. Medical practices around the country are attempting to use these documents as a prospective defense against medical malpractice claims. Protective contractual provisions are often attacked on grounds that they are legally void as a result of unconscionability. Widespread use of arbitration clauses have been met with mixed success. Arbitration clauses that limit damages available in medical negligence cases have been stricken in some states as having provisions that impose excessive entry costs on a patient starting the arbitration process. Other provisions relating to prequalification requirements for expert witnesses are now being used with increasing frequency. Clauses have even been placed in patient contracts that address cyber postings of adverse claims against physicians. Prospective patient contracts may be an effective means to limit exposure to medical malpractice lawsuits and to minimize defamatory cyber postings. PMID:19057975

Limiting exposure to medical malpractice claims and defamatory cyber postings via patient contracts.

PubMed

Sacopulos, Michael; Segal, Jeffrey J

2009-02-01

The documents patients sign on admission to a medical practice can constitute a legal contract. Medical practices around the country are attempting to use these documents as a prospective defense against medical malpractice claims. Protective contractual provisions are often attacked on grounds that they are legally void as a result of unconscionability. Widespread use of arbitration clauses have been met with mixed success. Arbitration clauses that limit damages available in medical negligence cases have been stricken in some states as having provisions that impose excessive entry costs on a patient starting the arbitration process. Other provisions relating to prequalification requirements for expert witnesses are now being used with increasing frequency. Clauses have even been placed in patient contracts that address cyber postings of adverse claims against physicians. Prospective patient contracts may be an effective means to limit exposure to medical malpractice lawsuits and to minimize defamatory cyber postings.

[Santa Claus is perceived as reliable and friendly: results of the Danish Christmas 2013 survey].

PubMed

Amin, Faisal Mohammad; West, Anders Sode; Jørgensen, Carina Sleiborg; Simonsen, Sofie Amalie; Lindberg, Ulrich; Tranum-Jensen, Jørgen; Hougaard, Anders

2013-12-02

Several studies have indicated that the population in general perceives doctors as reliable. In the present study perceptions of reliability and kindness attributed to another socially significant archetype, Santa Claus, have been comparatively examined in relation to the doctor. In all, 52 randomly chosen participants were shown a film, where a narrator dressed either as Santa Claus or as a doctor tells an identical story. Structured interviews were then used to assess the subjects' perceptions of reliability and kindness in relation to the narrator's appearance. We found a strong inclination for Santa Claus being perceived as friendlier than the doctor (p = 0.053). However, there was no significant difference in the perception of reliability between Santa Claus and the doctor (p = 0.524). The positive associations attributed to Santa Claus probably cause that he is perceived friendlier than the doctor who may be associated with more serious and unpleasant memories of illness and suffering. Surprisingly, and despite him being an imaginary person, Santa Claus was assessed as being as reliable as the doctor.

Processing of Japanese Cleft Constructions in Context: Evidence from Event-Related Brain Potentials

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yano, Masataka; Tateyama, Yuki; Sakamoto, Tsutomu

2015-01-01

Numerous studies have found "subject gap preference" in relative clauses and cleft constructions in English, French, and other languages. In contrast, previous studies have reported "object gap preference" in cleft constructions in Japanese. However, the effect of integrating a filler and its gap may be influenced by the effect…

77 FR 8174 - EPAAR Prescription for Work Assignments

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-14

...: EPA will amend the EPA Acquisition Regulation (EPAAR) prescription for the work assignment clause. This final rule provides revised language to the prescription for the work assignment clause, incorporating prescriptive language that provides further instructions on the use of the related clause. DATES...

48 CFR 852.236-76 - Correspondence.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Correspondence. 852.236-76... SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 852.236-76 Correspondence. As prescribed in 836.570, insert the following clause: Correspondence (APR 1984) All correspondence relative to...

41 CFR 60-1.4 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-1.4 Section 60-1.4 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to Public... 1-OBLIGATIONS OF CONTRACTORS AND SUBCONTRACTORS Preliminary Matters; Equal Opportunity Clause...

Discourse accessibility constraints in children’s processing of object relative clauses

PubMed Central

Haendler, Yair; Kliegl, Reinhold; Adani, Flavia

2015-01-01

Children’s poor performance on object relative clauses has been explained in terms of intervention locality. This approach predicts that object relatives with a full DP head and an embedded pronominal subject are easier than object relatives in which both the head noun and the embedded subject are full DPs. This prediction is shared by other accounts formulated to explain processing mechanisms. We conducted a visual-world study designed to test the off-line comprehension and on-line processing of object relatives in German-speaking 5-year-olds. Children were tested on three types of object relatives, all having a full DP head noun and differing with respect to the type of nominal phrase that appeared in the embedded subject position: another full DP, a 1st- or a 3rd-person pronoun. Grammatical skills and memory capacity were also assessed in order to see whether and how they affect children’s performance. Most accurately processed were object relatives with 1st-person pronoun, independently of children’s language and memory skills. Performance on object relatives with two full DPs was overall more accurate than on object relatives with 3rd-person pronoun. In the former condition, children with stronger grammatical skills accurately processed the structure and their memory abilities determined how fast they were; in the latter condition, children only processed accurately the structure if they were strong both in their grammatical skills and in their memory capacity. The results are discussed in the light of accounts that predict different pronoun effects like the ones we find, which depend on the referential properties of the pronouns. We then discuss which role language and memory abilities might have in processing object relatives with various embedded nominal phrases. PMID:26157410

Schematization and Sentence Processing by Foreign Language Learners: A Reading-Time Experiment and a Stimulated-Recall Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tode, Tomoko

2012-01-01

This article examines how learners of English as a foreign language process reduced relative clauses (RRCs) from the perspective of usage-based language learning, which posits that language knowledge forms a hierarchy from item-based knowledge consisting only of entrenched frequent exemplars to more advanced schematized knowledge. Twenty-eight…

Children’s Processing and Comprehension of Complex Sentences Containing Temporal Connectives: The Influence of Memory on the Time Course of Accurate Responses

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

In a touch-screen paradigm, we recorded 3- to 7-year-olds’ (N = 108) accuracy and response times (RTs) to assess their comprehension of 2-clause sentences containing before and after. Children were influenced by order: performance was most accurate when the presentation order of the 2 clauses matched the chronological order of events: “She drank the juice, before she walked in the park” (chronological order) versus “Before she walked in the park, she drank the juice” (reverse order). Differences in RTs for correct responses varied by sentence type: accurate responses were made more speedily for sentences that afforded an incremental processing of meaning. An independent measure of memory predicted this pattern of performance. We discuss these findings in relation to children’s knowledge of connective meaning and the processing requirements of sentences containing temporal connectives. PMID:27690492

Health Related Legal Issues in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomas, Stephen B.

This monograph analyzes health and safety issues in education in terms of relevant constitutional and statutory provisions. Chapter 1, an introduction, summarizes Fourteenth Amendment equal protection and due process clauses and defines "handicapped" under the Rehabilitation Act. State assistance and student eligibility under the…

Minimization of dependency length in written English.

PubMed

Temperley, David

2007-11-01

Gibson's Dependency Locality Theory (DLT) [Gibson, E. 1998. Linguistic complexity: locality of syntactic dependencies. Cognition, 68, 1-76; Gibson, E. 2000. The dependency locality theory: A distance-based theory of linguistic complexity. In A. Marantz, Y. Miyashita, & W. O'Neil (Eds.), Image, Language, Brain (pp. 95-126). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.] proposes that the processing complexity of a sentence is related to the length of its syntactic dependencies: longer dependencies are more difficult to process. The DLT is supported by a variety of phenomena in language comprehension. This raises the question: Does language production reflect a preference for shorter dependencies as well? I examine this question in a corpus study of written English, using the Wall Street Journal portion of the Penn Treebank. The DLT makes a number of predictions regarding the length of constituents in different contexts; these predictions were tested in a series of statistical tests. A number of findings support the theory: the greater length of subject noun phrases in inverted versus uninverted quotation constructions, the greater length of direct-object versus subject NPs, the greater length of postmodifying versus premodifying adverbial clauses, the greater length of relative-clause subjects within direct-object NPs versus subject NPs, the tendency towards "short-long" ordering of postmodifying adjuncts and coordinated conjuncts, and the shorter length of subject NPs (but not direct-object NPs) in clauses with premodifying adjuncts versus those without.

Children’s Relative Clause Markers in Two Nonmainstream Dialects of English

PubMed Central

Oetting, Janna B.; Newkirk, Brandi L.

2013-01-01

Purpose We examined children’s productions of mainstream and nonmainstream relative clause markers (e.g., that, who, which, what, where, Ø) in African American English (AAE) and Southern White English (SWE) as a function of three linguistic variables (syntactic role of the marker, humanness of the antecedent, and adjacency of the noun phrase head). Method The data were language samples from 99 typically developing four- to six-year-olds; 61 spoke AAE and 38 spoke SWE. Results The majority of the children’s relative clauses included mainstream markers. Nonmainstream markers were rare, with 3-6% involving Ø subjects and 2% involving what. The children produced who exclusively as subjects and with human antecedents, where exclusively as locatives and with nonhuman antecedents, and Ø and what primarily as direct objects or objects of prepositions and with nonhuman antecedents. Conclusions Although AAE- and SWE-speaking children produce some nonmainstream relative markers, the majority of their markers are mainstream. Their use of relative markers is also influenced by linguistic variables in ways that are consistent with a wide range of mainstream and nonmainstream English dialects. These findings show across-dialect similarity in children’s relative clauses, even though characterization of relative clauses as a contrastive dialect structure remains justified. PMID:21453062

48 CFR 239.7306 - Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TECHNOLOGY Requirements for Information Relating to Supply Chain Risk 239.7306 Solicitation provision and contract clause. (a) Insert the provision at 252.239-7017, Notice of Supply Chain Risk, in all... as a supply. (b) Insert the clause at 252.239-7018, Supply Chain Risk, in all solicitations and...

Highs and Lows in English Attachment.

PubMed

Grillo, Nino; Costa, João; Fernandes, Bruno; Santi, Andrea

2015-11-01

Grillo and Costa (2014) claim that Relative-Clause attachment ambiguity resolution is largely dependent on whether or not a Pseudo-Relative interpretation is available. Data from Italian, and other languages allowing Pseudo-Relatives, support this hypothesis. Pseudo-Relative availability, however, covaries with the semantics of the main predicate (e.g., perceptual vs. stative). Experiment 1 assesses whether this predicate distinction alone can account for prior attachment results by testing it with a language that disallows Pseudo-Relatives (i.e. English). Low Attachment was found independent of Predicate-Type. Predicate-Type did however have a minor modulatory role. Experiment 2 shows that English, traditionally classified as a Low Attachment language, can demonstrate High Attachment with sentences globally ambiguous between a Small-Clause and a reduced Relative-Clause interpretation. These results support a grammatical account of previous effects and provide novel evidence for the parser's preference of a Small-Clause over a Restrictive interpretation, crosslinguistically. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A U-Shaped Relative Clause Attachment Preference in Japanese.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miyamoto, Edson T.; Gibson, Edward; Pearlmutter, Neal J.; Aikawa, Takako; Miyagawa, Shigeru

1999-01-01

Presents results from a self-paced reading experiment in Japanese investigating attachment preferences for relative clauses to three ensuing potential nominal heads. Results are discussed in light of two types of parsing models. (Author/VWL)

48 CFR 227.7102-4 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... processes. (2) Use the clause at 252.227-7015 with its Alternate I in solicitations and contracts, including..., Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, in solicitations and contracts using FAR part 12...

48 CFR 227.7102-4 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... processes. (2) Use the clause at 252.227-7015 with its Alternate I in contracts for the development or..., Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, in all solicitations and contracts for commercial items...

48 CFR 227.7102-4 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... processes. (2) Use the clause at 252.227-7015 with its Alternate I in contracts for the development or..., Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, in all solicitations and contracts for commercial items...

48 CFR 227.7102-4 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... processes. (2) Use the clause at 252.227-7015 with its Alternate I in solicitations and contracts, including..., Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, in solicitations and contracts using FAR part 12...

Segmentation in reading and film comprehension.

PubMed

Zacks, Jeffrey M; Speer, Nicole K; Reynolds, Jeremy R

2009-05-01

When reading a story or watching a film, comprehenders construct a series of representations in order to understand the events depicted. Discourse comprehension theories and a recent theory of perceptual event segmentation both suggest that comprehenders monitor situational features such as characters' goals, to update these representations at natural boundaries in activity. However, the converging predictions of these theories had previously not been tested directly. Two studies provided evidence that changes in situational features such as characters, their locations, their interactions with objects, and their goals are related to the segmentation of events in both narrative texts and films. A 3rd study indicated that clauses with event boundaries are read more slowly than are other clauses and that changes in situational features partially mediate this relation. A final study suggested that the predictability of incoming information influences reading rate and possibly event segmentation. Taken together, these results suggest that processing situational changes during comprehension is an important determinant of how one segments ongoing activity into events and that this segmentation is related to the control of processing during reading. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Religion in the Public Schools--The Twilight Zones.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bilger, Jean

This paper analyzes two parts of the First Amendment, the establishment and free exercise clauses, and discusses related court cases. The establishment clause prohibits the fusion of governmental and religious functions or the dependency of one on the other. The free exercise clause guarantees every person the freedom to choose his or her own…

The Peaceful Co-existence of Input Frequency and Structural Intervention Effects on the Comprehension of Complex Sentences in German-Speaking Children

PubMed Central

Adani, Flavia; Stegenwallner-Schütz, Maja; Niesel, Talea

2017-01-01

The predictions of two contrasting approaches to the acquisition of transitive relative clauses were tested within the same groups of German-speaking participants aged from 3 to 5 years old. The input frequency approach predicts that object relative clauses with inanimate heads (e.g., the pullover that the man is scratching) are comprehended earlier and more accurately than those with an animate head (e.g., the man that the boy is scratching). In contrast, the structural intervention approach predicts that object relative clauses with two full NP arguments mismatching in number (e.g., the man that the boys are scratching) are comprehended earlier and more accurately than those with number-matching NPs (e.g., the man that the boy is scratching). These approaches were tested in two steps. First, we ran a corpus analysis to ensure that object relative clauses with number-mismatching NPs are not more frequent than object relative clauses with number-matching NPs in child directed speech. Next, the comprehension of these structures was tested experimentally in 3-, 4-, and 5-year-olds respectively by means of a color naming task. By comparing the predictions of the two approaches within the same participant groups, we were able to uncover that the effects predicted by the input frequency and by the structural intervention approaches co-exist and that they both influence the performance of children on transitive relative clauses, but in a manner that is modulated by age. These results reveal a sensitivity to animacy mismatch already being demonstrated by 3-year-olds and show that animacy is initially deployed more reliably than number to interpret relative clauses correctly. In all age groups, the animacy mismatch appears to explain the performance of children, thus, showing that the comprehension of frequent object relative clauses is enhanced compared to the other conditions. Starting with 4-year-olds but especially in 5-year-olds, the number mismatch supported comprehension—a facilitation that is unlikely to be driven by input frequency. Once children fine-tune their sensitivity to verb agreement information around the age of four, they are also able to deploy number marking to overcome the intervention effects. This study highlights the importance of testing experimentally contrasting theoretical approaches in order to characterize the multifaceted, developmental nature of language acquisition. PMID:29033863

48 CFR 252.203-7005 - Representation Relating to Compensation of Former DoD Officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Representation Relating to... AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.203-7005 Representation Relating to...: Representation Relating to Compensation of Former DoD Officials (NOV 2011) (a) Definition. Covered DoD official...

48 CFR 252.203-7005 - Representation Relating to Compensation of Former DoD Officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Representation Relating to... AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.203-7005 Representation Relating to...: Representation Relating to Compensation of Former DoD Officials (NOV 2011) (a) Definition. Covered DoD official...

48 CFR 252.203-7005 - Representation Relating to Compensation of Former DoD Officials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Representation Relating to... AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions And Clauses 252.203-7005 Representation Relating to...: Representation Relating to Compensation of Former DoD Officials (NOV 2011) (a) Definition. Covered DoD official...

The Processing of Extraposed Structures in English

PubMed Central

Levy, Roger; Fedorenko, Evelina; Breen, Mara; Gibson, Ted

2012-01-01

In most languages, most of the syntactic dependency relations found in any given sentence are PROJECTIVE: the word-word dependencies in the sentence do not cross each other. Some syntactic dependency relations, however, are NON-PROJECTIVE: some of their word-word dependencies cross each other. Non-projective dependencies are both rarer and more computationally complex than projective dependencies; hence, it is of natural interest to investigate whether there are any processing costs specific to non-projective dependencies, and whether factors known to influence processing of projective dependencies also affect non-projective dependency processing. We report three self-paced reading studies, together with corpus and sentence completion studies, investigating the comprehension difficulty associated with the non-projective dependencies created by the extraposition of relative clauses in English. We find that extraposition over either verbs or prepositional phrases creates comprehension difficulty, and that this difficulty is consistent with probabilistic syntactic expectations estimated from corpora. Furthermore, we find that manipulating the expectation that a given noun will have a postmodifying relative clause can modulate and even neutralize the difficulty associated with extraposition. Our experiments rule out accounts based purely on derivational complexity and/or dependency locality in terms of linear positioning. Our results demonstrate that comprehenders maintain probabilistic syntactic expectations that persist beyond projective-dependency structures, and suggest that it may be possible to explain observed patterns of comprehension difficulty associated with extraposition entirely through probabilistic expectations. PMID:22035959

48 CFR 232.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Section 232.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests and Receiving Reports 232.7004 Contract clause. (a) Except as provided in 232...

48 CFR 232.7004 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Section 232.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests and Receiving Reports 232.7004 Contract clauses. (a) Except as provided in 232...

48 CFR 232.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Section 232.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests and Receiving Reports 232.7004 Contract clause. (a) Except as provided in 232...

Moulding Interpersonal Relations through Conditional Clauses: Consensus-Building Strategies in Written Academic Discourse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Warchal, Krystyna

2010-01-01

This paper focuses on the interpersonal potential of the conditional clause as a rhetorical device for establishing a dialogue between the author and the reader of an academic text in search for shared understanding and consensus. It presents a corpus-based analysis of functions conditional clauses play in linguistics research articles in an…

Semantic and Lexical Coherence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fahnestock, Jeanne

Helping students understand coherence in terms of the lexical ties and semantic relations possible between clauses and sentences formalizes an area of writing instruction that has been somewhat vague before and makes the process of creating a coherent paragraph less mysterious. Many students do not have the intuitive knowledge base for absorbing…

Animacy and Competition in Relative Clause Production: A Cross-Linguistic Investigation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gennari, Silvia P.; Mirkovic, Jelena; MacDonald, Maryellen C.

2012-01-01

This work investigates production preferences in different languages. Specifically, it examines how animacy, competition processes, and language-specific constraints shape speakers' choices of structure. English, Spanish and Serbian speakers were presented with depicted events in which either an animate or inanimate entity was acted upon by an…

48 CFR 970.2702 - Patent related clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Patent related clauses. 970.2702 Section 970.2702 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AGENCY SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Patents, Data, and Copyrights 970.2702 Patent...

48 CFR 970.2702 - Patent related clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Patent related clauses. 970.2702 Section 970.2702 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AGENCY SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Patents, Data, and Copyrights 970.2702 Patent...

48 CFR 970.2702 - Patent related clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Patent related clauses. 970.2702 Section 970.2702 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AGENCY SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Patents, Data, and Copyrights 970.2702 Patent...

48 CFR 970.2702 - Patent related clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Patent related clauses. 970.2702 Section 970.2702 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AGENCY SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Patents, Data, and Copyrights 970.2702 Patent...

48 CFR 970.2702 - Patent related clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Patent related clauses. 970.2702 Section 970.2702 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY AGENCY SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Patents, Data, and Copyrights 970.2702 Patent...

Text exposure predicts spoken production of complex sentences in eight and twelve year old children and adults

PubMed Central

Montag, Jessica L.; MacDonald, Maryellen C.

2015-01-01

There is still much debate about the nature of the experiential and maturational changes that take place during childhood to bring about the sophisticated language abilities of an adult. The present study investigated text exposure as a possible source of linguistic experience that plays a role in the development of adult-like language abilities. Corpus analyses of object and passive relative clauses (Object: The book that the woman carried; Passive: The book that was carried by the woman) established the frequencies of these sentence types in child-directed speech and children's literature. We found that relative clauses of either type were more frequent in the written corpus, and that the ratio of passive to object relatives was much higher in the written corpus as well. This analysis suggests that passive relative clauses are much more frequent in a child's linguistic environment if they have high rates of text exposure. We then elicited object and passive relative clauses using a picture-description production task with eight and twelve year old children and adults. Both group and individual differences were consistent with the corpus analyses, such that older individuals and individuals with more text exposure produced more passive relative clauses. These findings suggest that the qualitatively different patterns of text versus speech may be an important source of linguistic experience for the development of adult-like language behavior. PMID:25844625

48 CFR 232.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 232.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests and Receiving Reports 232.7004 Contract clause. Except as provided in 232.7002(a...

48 CFR 232.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 232.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEFENSE ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING Electronic Submission and Processing of Payment Requests and Receiving Reports 232.7004 Contract clause. Except as provided in 232.7002(a...

Processing Subject-Object Ambiguities in the L2: A Self-Paced Reading Study with German L2 Learners of Dutch

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Havik, Else; Roberts, Leah; van Hout, Roeland; Schreuder, Robert; Haverkort, Marco

2009-01-01

The results of two self-paced reading experiments are reported, which investigated the online processing of subject-object ambiguities in Dutch relative clause constructions like "Dat is de vrouw die de meisjes heeft/hebben gezien" by German advanced second language (L2) learners of Dutch. Native speakers of both Dutch and German have been shown…

Bei: Intraclausal Coherence Relations Illustrated with a German Preposition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grabski, Michael; Stede, Manfred

2006-01-01

Coherence relations are typically taken to link two clauses or larger units and to be signaled at the text surface by conjunctions and certain adverbials. Relations, however, also can hold within clauses, indicated by prepositions like despite, due to, or in case of, when these have an internal argument denoting an eventuality. Although these…

Processing Load Imposed by Line Breaks in English Temporal Wh-Questions

PubMed Central

Hirotani, Masako; Terry, J. Michael; Sadato, Norihiro

2016-01-01

Prosody plays an important role in online sentence processing both explicitly and implicitly. It has been shown that prosodically packaging together parts of a sentence that are interpreted together facilitates processing of the sentence. This applies not only to explicit prosody but also implicit prosody. The present work hypothesizes that a line break in a written text induces an implicit prosodic break, which, in turn, should result in a processing bias for interpreting English wh-questions. Two experiments—one self-paced reading study and one questionnaire study—are reported. Both supported the “line break” hypothesis mentioned above. The results of the self-paced reading experiment showed that unambiguous wh-questions were read faster when the location of line breaks (or frame breaks) matched the scope of a wh-phrase (main or embedded clause) than when they did not. The questionnaire tested sentences with an ambiguous wh-phrase, one that could attach either to the main or the embedded clause. These sentences were interpreted as attaching to the main clause more often than to the embedded clause when a line break appeared after the main verb, but not when it appeared after the embedded verb. PMID:27774072

Processing Load Imposed by Line Breaks in English Temporal Wh-Questions.

PubMed

Hirotani, Masako; Terry, J Michael; Sadato, Norihiro

2016-01-01

Prosody plays an important role in online sentence processing both explicitly and implicitly. It has been shown that prosodically packaging together parts of a sentence that are interpreted together facilitates processing of the sentence. This applies not only to explicit prosody but also implicit prosody. The present work hypothesizes that a line break in a written text induces an implicit prosodic break, which, in turn, should result in a processing bias for interpreting English wh-questions. Two experiments-one self-paced reading study and one questionnaire study-are reported. Both supported the "line break" hypothesis mentioned above. The results of the self-paced reading experiment showed that unambiguous wh-questions were read faster when the location of line breaks (or frame breaks) matched the scope of a wh-phrase (main or embedded clause) than when they did not. The questionnaire tested sentences with an ambiguous wh-phrase, one that could attach either to the main or the embedded clause. These sentences were interpreted as attaching to the main clause more often than to the embedded clause when a line break appeared after the main verb, but not when it appeared after the embedded verb.

An audit questionnaire that examines specifically the management of technical activities clauses in ISO 15189.

PubMed

Hartley, T F

2010-01-01

The aim of this study was to design an audit questionnaire that focuses on the management of the technical activities in a Diagnostic Pathology Laboratory. The ISO 15189 Standard is written in such a way that it continually moves back and forth from topics where the auditor needs to question bench level staff, to topics where the auditor needs to question Technical Management Staff. This makes for a disjointed audit process - both Bench Staff and Technical Managers are repeatedly interrupted. The solution was to do a clause by clause analysis of the Standard and assign the major responsibility for the compliance to each clause to either Technical Managers or Bench Staff. The Clauses were then grouped under four topic headings regardless of whether they were a Section 4 or Section 5 Clause. Two questionnaires have emerged - the one described in this work and one directed primarily towards the activities of bench staff. There are 95 questions and it takes approximately two hours to complete.

Academic writing in a corpus of 4th grade science notebooks: An analysis of student language use and adult expectations of the genres of school science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Esquinca, Alberto

This is a study of language use in the context of an inquiry-based science curriculum in which conceptual understanding ratings are used split texts into groups of "successful" and "unsuccessful" texts. "Successful" texts could include known features of science language. 420 texts generated by students in 14 classrooms from three school districts, culled from a prior study on the effectiveness of science notebooks to assess understanding, in addition to the aforementioned ratings are the data sources. In science notebooks, students write in the process of learning (here, a unit on electricity). The analytical framework is systemic functional linguistics (Halliday and Matthiessen, 2004; Eggins, 2004), specifically the concepts of genre, register and nominalization. Genre classification involves an analysis of the purpose and register features in the text (Schleppegrell, 2004). The use of features of the scientific academic register, namely the use relational processes and nominalization (Halliday and Martin, 1993), requires transitivity analysis and noun analysis. Transitivity analysis, consisting of the identification of the process type, is conducted on 4737 ranking clauses. A manual count of each noun used in the corpus allows for a typology of nouns. Four school science genres, procedures, procedural recounts reports and explanations, are found. Most texts (85.4%) are factual, and 14.1% are classified as explanations, the analytical genre. Logistic regression analysis indicates that there is no significant probability that the texts classified as explanation are placed in the group of "successful" texts. In addition, material process clauses predominate in the corpus, followed by relational process clauses. Results of a logistic regression analysis indicate that there is a significant probability (Chi square = 15.23, p < .0001) that texts with a high rate of relational processes are placed in the group of "successful" texts. In addition, 59.5% of 6511 nouns are references to physical materials, followed by references to abstract concepts (35.54%). Only two of the concept nouns were found to be nominalized referents in definition model sentences. In sum, the corpus has recognizable genres and features science language, and relational processes are more prevalent in "successful" texts. However, the pervasive feature of science language, nominalization, is scarce.

22 CFR 145.48 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Contract clauses. 145.48 Section 145.48 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS GRANTS AND AGREEMENTS WITH INSTITUTIONS OF HIGHER EDUCATION, HOSPITALS, AND OTHER NON-PROFIT ORGANIZATIONS Post-Award Requirements Procurement Standards § 145.48...

22 CFR Appendix A to Part 145 - Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

.... 145, App. A Appendix A to Part 145—Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient All contracts and small purchases, awarded by a recipient who is subject to this regulation, shall contain the... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases...

Task-dependent and task-independent neurovascular responses to syntactic processing⋆

PubMed Central

Caplan, David; Chen, Evan; Waters, Gloria

2008-01-01

The neural basis for syntactic processing was studied using event-related fMRI to determine the locations of BOLD signal increases in the contrast of syntactically complex sentences with center-embedded, object-extracted relative clauses and syntactically simple sentences with right-branching, subject-extracted relative clauses in a group of 15 participants in three tasks. In a sentence verification task, participants saw a target sentence in one of these two syntactic forms, followed by a probe in a simple active form, and determined whether the probe expressed a proposition in the target. In a plausibility judgment task, participants determined whether a sentence in one of these two syntactic forms was plausible or implausible. Finally, in a non-word detection task, participants determined whether a sentence in one of these two syntactic forms contained only real words or a non-word. BOLD signal associated with the syntactic contrast increased in the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus in non-word detection and in a widespread set of areas in the other two tasks. We conclude that the BOLD activity in the left posterior inferior frontal gyrus reflects syntactic processing independent of concurrent cognitive operations and the more widespread areas of activation reflect the use of strategies and the use of the products of syntactic processing to accomplish tasks. PMID:18387556

48 CFR 952.223 - Clauses related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety, and drug-free workplace. 952.223 Section 952.223 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND... related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety...

48 CFR 952.223 - Clauses related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety, and drug-free workplace. 952.223 Section 952.223 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND... related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety...

48 CFR 952.223 - Clauses related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety, and drug-free workplace. 952.223 Section 952.223 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND... related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety...

48 CFR 952.223 - Clauses related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety, and drug-free workplace. 952.223 Section 952.223 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND... related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety...

48 CFR 952.223 - Clauses related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety, and drug-free workplace. 952.223 Section 952.223 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND... related to environment, energy and water efficiency, renewable energy technologies, occupational safety...

On Resolving a Paradox in the Analysis of Navajo Syntax.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jelinek, Eloise

An analysis of relative clauses in Navajo looks at a paradox that is rooted in the assumption that in Navajo, as in English, argument positions not occupied by some free lexical item must be occupied categorically by an EC. It examines patterns of and constraints on nominals with relation to the relative clause, theory concerning argumental…

Asymmetries in Children's Production of Relative Clauses: Data from English and Korean

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Chae-Eun; O'Grady, William

2016-01-01

We report here on a series of elicited production experiments that investigate the production of indirect object and oblique relative clauses by monolingual child learners of English and Korean. Taken together, the results from the two languages point toward a pair of robust asymmetries: children manifest a preference for subject relative clauses…

Senior High School Students' Errors on the Use of Relative Words

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bao, Xiaoli

2015-01-01

Relative clause is one of the most important language points in College English Examination. Teachers have been attaching great importance to the teaching of relative clause, but the outcomes are not satisfactory. Based on Error Analysis theory, this article aims to explore the reasons why senior high school students find it difficult to choose…

Constitutional Law--Irrebuttable Statutory Presemption of Student Non-Residency Held Violative of Due Process Clause of Fourteenth Amendment--Vlandis v. Kline, 93 S. Ct. 2230 (1973)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

University of Richmond Law Review, 1974

1974-01-01

In the past the durational residence requirement in colleges and universities has been subject to constitutional challenge under the equal protection clause of the fourteenth amendment. The durational residence requirement in this case displays a further fourteenth amendment vulnerability--the contravention of procedural due process. (Author/PG)

Extending Clause Learning of SAT Solvers with Boolean Gröbner Bases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zengler, Christoph; Küchlin, Wolfgang

We extend clause learning as performed by most modern SAT Solvers by integrating the computation of Boolean Gröbner bases into the conflict learning process. Instead of learning only one clause per conflict, we compute and learn additional binary clauses from a Gröbner basis of the current conflict. We used the Gröbner basis engine of the logic package Redlog contained in the computer algebra system Reduce to extend the SAT solver MiniSAT with Gröbner basis learning. Our approach shows a significant reduction of conflicts and a reduction of restarts and computation time on many hard problems from the SAT 2009 competition.

Reanalysis in Adult Heritage Language: New Evidence in Support of Attrition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Polinsky, Maria

2011-01-01

This study presents and analyzes the comprehension of relative clauses in child and adult speakers of Russian, comparing monolingual controls with Russian heritage speakers (HSs) who are English-dominant. Monolingual and bilingual children demonstrate full adultlike mastery of relative clauses. Adult HSs, however, are significantly different from…

Basque Relative Clauses: Head Raising, Case and Micro-Variation within Bizkaiera

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gondra, Ager

2013-01-01

This dissertation establishes the syntactic representation and derivation of relative clause (RC) constructions in Bizkaiera Basque. Using native speaker introspection, grammaticality judgment under direct elicitation and formal experiments, I show that Bizkaiera follows the Head raising strategy in RC construction. Evidence for this comes from…

Task Repetition and Second Language Speech Processing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lambert, Craig; Kormos, Judit; Minn, Danny

2017-01-01

This study examines the relationship between the repetition of oral monologue tasks and immediate gains in L2 fluency. It considers the effect of aural-oral task repetition on speech rate, frequency of clause-final and midclause filled pauses, and overt self-repairs across different task types and proficiency levels and relates these findings to…

[The role of animacy in European Portuguese relative clause attachment: evidence from production and comprehension tasks].

PubMed

Soares, Ana Paula; Fraga, Isabel; Comesaña, Montserrat; Piñeiro, Ana

2010-11-01

This work presents an analysis of the role of animacy in attachment preferences of relative clauses to complex noun phrases in European Portuguese (EP). The study of how the human parser solves this kind of syntactic ambiguities has been focus of extensive research. However, what is known about EP is both limited and puzzling. Additionally, as recent studies have stressed the importance of extra-syntactic variables in this process, two experiments were carried out to assess EP attachment preferences considering four animacy conditions: Study 1 used a sentence-completion-task, and Study 2 a self-paced reading task. Both studies indicate a significant preference for high attachment in EP. Furthermore, they showed that this preference was modulated by the animacy of the host NP: if the first host was inanimate and the second one was animate, the parser's preference changed to low attachment preference. These findings shed light on previous results regarding EP and strengthen the idea that, even in early stages of processing, the parser seems to be sensitive to extra-syntactic information.

Assessing understanding of relative clauses: a comparison of multiple-choice comprehension versus sentence repetition.

PubMed

Frizelle, Pauline; O'Neill, Clodagh; Bishop, Dorothy V M

2017-11-01

Although sentence repetition is considered a reliable measure of children's grammatical knowledge, few studies have directly compared children's sentence repetition performance with their understanding of grammatical structures. The current study aimed to compare children's performance on these two assessment measures, using a multiple-choice picture-matching sentence comprehension task and a sentence repetition task. Thirty-three typically developing children completed both assessments, which included relative clauses representing a range of syntactic roles. Results revealed a similar order of difficulty of constructions on both measures but little agreement between them when evaluating individual differences. Interestingly, repetition was the easier of the two measures, with children showing the ability to repeat sentences they did not understand. This discrepancy is primarily attributed to the additional processing load resulting from the design of multiple-choice comprehension tasks, and highlights the fact that these assessments are invoking skills beyond those of linguistic competence.

48 CFR 47.305 - Solicitation provisions, contract clauses, and transportation factors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., and award phases of the acquisition process (see 47.105). (b) To the extent feasible, activities shall..., contract clauses, and transportation factors. 47.305 Section 47.305 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Transportation in Supply Contracts 47...

48 CFR 47.305 - Solicitation provisions, contract clauses, and transportation factors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., and award phases of the acquisition process (see 47.105). (b) To the extent feasible, activities shall..., contract clauses, and transportation factors. 47.305 Section 47.305 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Transportation in Supply Contracts 47...

Case Markers in Mongolian: A Means for Encoding Null Constituents in Noun Phrase and Relative Clause

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Otgonsuren, Tseden

2017-01-01

This paper focuses on the capacity of the case markers in the Mongolian language, as a relative element, to generate any finite noun phrase or relative clause based on their syntactic function or relationship. In Mongolian, there are two different approaches to generate noun phrases: parataxis and hypotaxis. According to my early observation, if…

Elicited Production of Relative Clauses in German: Evidence from Typically Developing Children and Children with Specific Language Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adani, Flavia; Stegenwallner-Schütz, Maja; Haendler, Yair; Zukowski, Andrea

2016-01-01

We elicited the production of various types of relative clauses in a group of German-speaking children with specific language impairment (SLI) and typically developing controls in order to test the movement optionality account of grammatical difficulty in SLI. The results show that German-speaking children with SLI are impaired in relative clause…

Syntactic priming in Chinese sentence comprehension: evidence from event-related potentials.

PubMed

Chen, Qingrong; Xu, Xiaodong; Tan, Dingliang; Zhang, Jingjing; Zhong, Yuan

2013-10-01

Using the event-related potential (ERP) technique, this study examined the nature of syntactic priming effects in Chinese. Participants were required to read prime-target sentence pairs each embedding an ambiguous relative clause (RC) containing either the same verb or a synonymous verb. In Chinese, the word de serves as a relative clause marker. During reading a potential Chinese RC structure (either the prime or the target sentence), Chinese readers initially expect to read an subject-verb-object (SVO) structure but the encounter of a relative clause marker de would make readers abandon the initial strategy and reanalyze the structure as a relative clause. A reduced P600 effect was elicited by the critical word de in the target sentence containing the same initial verb as in the prime sentence. No significant reduction of the P600 was observed in the target sentences in the synonymous condition. The results demonstrated that verb repetition but not similarity in meaning produced a syntactic priming effect in Chinese. The constraint-based lexicalist hypothesis and the argument structure theory were adopted to explain the syntactic priming effect obtained in the current study. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

37 CFR 1.79 - Reservation clauses not permitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Reservation clauses not permitted. 1.79 Section 1.79 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification...

37 CFR 1.79 - Reservation clauses not permitted.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reservation clauses not permitted. 1.79 Section 1.79 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Specification...

The Acquisition of Chinese Relative Clauses: Contrasting Two Theoretical Approaches

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hu, Shenai; Gavarró, Anna; Vernice, Mirta; Guasti, Maria Teresa

2016-01-01

This study examines the comprehension of relative clauses by Chinese-speaking children, and evaluates the validity of the predictions of the Dependency Locality Theory (Gibson, 1998, 2000) and the Relativized Minimality approach (Friedmann, Belletti & Rizzi, 2009). One hundred and twenty children from three to eight years of age were tested by…

48 CFR 728.313 - Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services. 728.313 Section 728.313 Federal Acquisition...) USAID is required by law to include language in all its direct contracts and subcontracts ensuring that...

48 CFR 728.313 - Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services. 728.313 Section 728.313 Federal Acquisition...) USAID is required by law to include language in all its direct contracts and subcontracts ensuring that...

48 CFR 728.313 - Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services. 728.313 Section 728.313 Federal Acquisition...) USAID is required by law to include language in all its direct contracts and subcontracts ensuring that...

48 CFR 728.313 - Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Contract clauses for insurance of transportation or transportation-related services. 728.313 Section 728.313 Federal Acquisition...) USAID is required by law to include language in all its direct contracts and subcontracts ensuring that...

Adult age differences in wrap-up during sentence comprehension: evidence from ex-Gaussian distributional analyses of reading time.

PubMed

Payne, Brennan R; Stine-Morrow, Elizabeth A L

2014-06-01

We report a secondary data analysis investigating age differences in the effects of clause and sentence wrap-up on reading time distributions during sentence comprehension. Residual word-by-word self-paced reading times were fit to the ex-Gaussian distribution to examine age differences in the effects of clause and sentence wrap-up on both the location and shape of participants' reaction time (RT) distributions. The ex-Gaussian distribution showed good fit to the data in both younger and older adults. Sentence wrap-up increased the central tendency, the variability, and the tail of the distribution, and these effects were exaggerated among the old. In contrast, clause wrap-up influenced the tail of the distribution only, and did so differentially for older adults. Effects were confirmed via nonparametric vincentile plots. Individual differences in visual acuity, working memory, speed of processing, and verbal ability were differentially related to ex-Gaussian parameters reflecting wrap-up effects on underlying reading time distributions. These findings argue against simple pause mechanisms to explain end-of-clause and end-of-sentence reading time patterns; rather, the findings are consistent with a cognitively effortful view of wrap-up and suggest that age and individual differences in attentional allocation to semantic integration during reading, as revealed by RT distribution analyses, play an important role in sentence understanding. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved.

An interference account of the missing-VP effect

PubMed Central

Häussler, Jana; Bader, Markus

2015-01-01

Sentences with doubly center-embedded relative clauses in which a verb phrase (VP) is missing are sometimes perceived as grammatical, thus giving rise to an illusion of grammaticality. In this paper, we provide a new account of why missing-VP sentences, which are both complex and ungrammatical, lead to an illusion of grammaticality, the so-called missing-VP effect. We propose that the missing-VP effect in particular, and processing difficulties with multiply center-embedded clauses more generally, are best understood as resulting from interference during cue-based retrieval. When processing a sentence with double center-embedding, a retrieval error due to interference can cause the verb of an embedded clause to be erroneously attached into a higher clause. This can lead to an illusion of grammaticality in the case of missing-VP sentences and to processing complexity in the case of complete sentences with double center-embedding. Evidence for an interference account of the missing-VP effect comes from experiments that have investigated the missing-VP effect in German using a speeded grammaticality judgments procedure. We review this evidence and then present two new experiments that show that the missing-VP effect can be found in German also with less restricting procedures. One experiment was a questionnaire study which required grammaticality judgments from participants without imposing any time constraints. The second experiment used a self-paced reading procedure and did not require any judgments. Both experiments confirm the prior findings of missing-VP effects in German and also show that the missing-VP effect is subject to a primacy effect as known from the memory literature. Based on this evidence, we argue that an account of missing-VP effects in terms of interference during cue-based retrieval is superior to accounts in terms of limited memory resources or in terms of experience with embedded structures. PMID:26136698

Investigating the causes of wrap-up effects: evidence from eye movements and E-Z Reader.

PubMed

Warren, Tessa; White, Sarah J; Reichle, Erik D

2009-04-01

Wrap-up effects in reading have traditionally been thought to reflect increased processing associated with intra- and inter-clause integration (Just, M. A. & Carpenter, P. A. (1980). A theory of reading: From eye fixations to comprehension. Psychological Review,87(4), 329-354; Rayner, K., Kambe, G., & Duffy, S. A. (2000). The effect of clause wrap-up on eye movements during reading. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology,53A(4), 1061-1080; cf. Hirotani, M., Frazier, L., & Rayner, K. (2006). Punctuation and intonation effects on clause and sentence wrap-up: Evidence from eye movements. Journal of Memory and Language,54, 425-443). We report an eye-tracking experiment with a strong manipulation of integrative complexity at a critical word that was either sentence-final, ended a comma-marked clause, or was not comma-marked. Although both complexity and punctuation had reliable effects, they did not interact in any eye-movement measure. These results as well as simulations using the E-Z Reader model of eye-movement control (Reichle, E. D., Warren, T., & McConnell, K. (2009). Using E-Z Reader to model the effects of higher-level language processing on eye movements during reading. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review,16(1), 1-20) suggest that traditional accounts of clause wrap-up are incomplete.

48 CFR 252.217-7016 - Plant protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Plant protection. 252.217... Clauses 252.217-7016 Plant protection. As prescribed in 217.7104(a), use the following clause: Plant Protection (DEC 1991) (a) The Contractor shall provide, for the plant and work in process, reasonable...

48 CFR 252.217-7016 - Plant protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Plant protection. 252.217... Clauses 252.217-7016 Plant protection. As prescribed in 217.7104(a), use the following clause: Plant Protection (DEC 1991) (a) The Contractor shall provide, for the plant and work in process, reasonable...

48 CFR 252.217-7016 - Plant protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Plant protection. 252.217... Clauses 252.217-7016 Plant protection. As prescribed in 217.7104(a), use the following clause: Plant Protection (DEC 1991) (a) The Contractor shall provide, for the plant and work in process, reasonable...

48 CFR 252.217-7016 - Plant protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Plant protection. 252.217... Clauses 252.217-7016 Plant protection. As prescribed in 217.7104(a), use the following clause: Plant Protection (DEC 1991) (a) The Contractor shall provide, for the plant and work in process, reasonable...

48 CFR 252.217-7016 - Plant protection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Plant protection. 252.217... Clauses 252.217-7016 Plant protection. As prescribed in 217.7104(a), use the following clause: Plant Protection (DEC 1991) (a) The Contractor shall provide, for the plant and work in process, reasonable...

Government Regulation and the First Amendment Religion Clauses--An Analysis of the NLRB Jurisdiction over Parochial Schools and Their Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bastress, Robert M., Jr.

1978-01-01

This article maintains that National Labor Relations Board regulation of parochial schools and teachers impermissibly intrudes on the decision-making processes that the First Amendment has committed to private individuals and institutions. Available from Duquesne Law Review, 901 Rockwell Hall, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15219; sc…

EEOC policy statement aids workers seeking to avoid arbitration. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.

PubMed

1997-09-19

The Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) issued a policy statement condemning a prevalent practice among U.S. employers--new hires are asked to sign an agreement obligating them to submit Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) claims to binding arbitration. By signing the clause, an employee virtually forfeits his or her rights to bring an ADA claim to court. The EEOC compares these employment clauses to conditions of employment rather than voluntary agreements between worker and employer. Employers argue that the binding arbitration process is fast and equitable. Opponents argue that the process is unfair. The EEOC instructed its investigators to proceed with administrative charges regardless of whether or not the complainant signed a binding arbitration agreement. The EEOC policy statement argues against mandatory arbitration clauses, noting that the arbitration process limits the rights of employees and weighs heavily in favor of employers.

Elicited Production of Relative Clauses in Children with Williams Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zukowski, Andrea

2009-01-01

Relative clauses have been implicated alternately as a strength and a weakness in the language of people with Williams Syndrome (WS). To clarify the facts, an elicited production test was administered to 10 people with WS (age 10-16 years), 10 typically developing children (age 4-7 years), and 12 typically developing adults. Nearly every WS…

The Acquisition of Relative Clauses in Spontaneous Child Speech in Mandarin Chinese

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Jidong; Shirai, Yasuhiro

2015-01-01

This study investigates the developmental trajectory of relative clauses (RCs) in Mandarin-learning children's speech. We analyze the spontaneous production of RCs by four monolingual Mandarin-learning children (0;11 to 3;5) and their input from a longitudinal naturalistic speech corpus (Min, 1994). The results reveal that in terms of the…

Reanalysis of Clause Boundaries in Japanese as a Constraint-Driven Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miyamoto, Edson T.

2003-01-01

Reports on two experiments that focus on clause boundaries in Japanese that suggest that minimal change restriction is unnecessary to characterize reanalysis. Proposes that the data and previous observations are more naturally explained by a constraint-driven model in which revisions are performed only when required by parsing constraints.…

Context Improves Comprehension of Fronted Objects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kristensen, Line Burholt; Engberg-Pedersen, Elisabeth; Poulsen, Mads

2014-01-01

Object-initial clauses (OCs) are associated with more processing difficulties than subject-initial clauses (SCs) in a number of languages (e.g. English, German and Finnish), but a supportive context can reduce or neutralize the difference between SCs and OCs with respect to reading times. Still, it is unresolved how context can affect the…

The Effect of Mechanical and Meaningful Production of Output on Learning English Relative Clauses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abadikhah, Shirin

2012-01-01

The present study examined the effectiveness of mechanical and meaningful production of output on the learning of English relative clauses by Iranian EFL learners. The study involved two groups of learners (N = 36) who completed a pre-test, three activities and a post-test over an 8-week period. The collaborative dialogue of the participants was…

Number Dissimilarities Facilitate the Comprehension of Relative Clauses in Children with (Grammatical) Speci?c Language Impairment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adani, Flavia; Forgiarini, Matteo; Guasti, Maria Teresa; Van Der Lely, Heather K. J.

2014-01-01

This study investigates whether number dissimilarities on subject and object DPs facilitate the comprehension of subject- and object-extracted centre-embedded relative clauses in children with Grammatical Specific Language Impairment (G-SLI). We compared the performance of a group of English-speaking children with G-SLI (mean age: 12;11) with that…

Young Children's Comprehension of Temporal Relations in Complex Sentences: The Influence of Memory on Performance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blything, Liam P.; Davies, Robert; Cain, Kate

2015-01-01

The present study investigated 3- to 7-year-olds' (N = 91) comprehension of two-clause sentences containing the temporal connectives before or after. The youngest children used an order of mention strategy to interpret the relation between clauses: They were more accurate when the presentation order matched the chronological order of events:…

The Production System's Formulation of Relative Clause Structures: Evidence from Polish

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McDaniel, Dana; Lech, Dorota

2003-01-01

In this study, we focused on the formulation of relative clauses with preposition and genitive pied-piping. Thirty child (5;9 to 8;4) and 30 adult Polish speakers were given an elicited production task and a grammaticality judgment task. Almost all of the children accepted preposition pied-piping, but only half of them produced it. We suggest that…

The Application of Corpora in Teaching Grammar: The Case of English Relative Clause

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sahragard, Rahman; Kushki, Ali; Ansaripour, Ehsan

2013-01-01

The study was conducted to see if the provision of implementing corpora on English relative clauses would prove useful for Iranian EFL learners or not. Two writing classes were held for the participants of intermediate level. A record of 15 writing samples produced by each participant was kept in the form of a portfolio. Participants' portfolios…

Syntactic Complexity Effects of Russian Relative Clause Sentences in Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rakhlin, Natalia; Kornilov, Sergey A.; Kornilova, Tatiana V.; Grigorenko, Elena L.

2016-01-01

We investigated relative clause (RC) comprehension in 44 Russian-speaking children with typical language (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD) (M age = 10;67, SD = 2.84) and 22 adults. Flexible word order and morphological case in Russian allowed us to isolate factors that are obscured in English, helping us to identify sources of…

Prosodic Cues in Relative Clauses Disambiguation: Bilinguals vs. L2 Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Checa-Garcia, Irene

2016-01-01

This study investigates the preferences for attachment of a relative clause (RC) to a complex noun phrase (NP) of the type: NP1 of NP2, in Spanish-English bilinguals and advanced learners of Spanish. Spanish speakers show a moderate preference for attaching the RC to the first NP, while speakers of English prefer the second NP. Subjects were…

Parallel functional category deficits in clauses and nominal phrases: The case of English agrammatism

PubMed Central

Wang, Honglei; Yoshida, Masaya; Thompson, Cynthia K.

2015-01-01

Individuals with agrammatic aphasia exhibit restricted patterns of impairment of functional morphemes, however, syntactic characterization of the impairment is controversial. Previous studies have focused on functional morphology in clauses only. This study extends the empirical domain by testing functional morphemes in English nominal phrases in aphasia and comparing patients’ impairment to their impairment of functional morphemes in English clauses. In the linguistics literature, it is assumed that clauses and nominal phrases are structurally parallel but exhibit inflectional differences. The results of the present study indicated that aphasic speakers evinced similar impairment patterns in clauses and nominal phrases. These findings are consistent with the Distributed Morphology Hypothesis (DMH), suggesting that the source of functional morphology deficits among agrammatics relates to difficulty implementing rules that convert inflectional features into morphemes. Our findings, however, are inconsistent with the Tree Pruning Hypothesis (TPH), which suggests that patients have difficulty building complex hierarchical structures. PMID:26379370

48 CFR 1515.209 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... and contract clauses. 1515.209 Section 1515.209 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Solicitation and Receipt... selection and their relative importance in each solicitation. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the...

48 CFR 1515.209 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... and contract clauses. 1515.209 Section 1515.209 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Solicitation and Receipt... selection and their relative importance in each solicitation. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the...

48 CFR 1515.209 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and contract clauses. 1515.209 Section 1515.209 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Solicitation and Receipt... selection and their relative importance in each solicitation. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the...

48 CFR 1515.209 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... and contract clauses. 1515.209 Section 1515.209 Federal Acquisition Regulations System ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Solicitation and Receipt... selection and their relative importance in each solicitation. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the...

The trends and constructive ambiguity in international agreements on intellectual property and pharmaceutical affairs: Implications for domestic legislations in low- and middle-income countries.

PubMed

Son, Kyung-Bok; Lee, Tae-Jin

2017-06-06

The purpose of this study is to analyse the trends in international agreements including Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS), Korea-United States Free Trade Agreements, and Trans-Pacific Partnership Agreements on intellectual property and pharmaceutical affairs with the updated framework. The study also assesses constructive ambiguity in international agreements, which might affect the implementation process through interpretation and domestic legislations. Five flexibility clauses and three TRIPS-plus provisions were selected, and presence of constructive ambiguity in the agreements was analysed to draw actual trends in international agreements. Flexibility provisions excluding compulsory licensing were not noticeably changed, and TRIPS-plus provisions including data exclusivity and patent linkage were expanded in scope or newly appeared, respectively. The clause regarding compulsory licensing, extension of the patent term, data exclusivity, and patent linkage showed unclear definitions or the lack of adequate explanations. With constructive ambiguity in those clauses, a country who wants to join international agreements in the near future could amend domestic legislations to minimise the detrimental effect of international agreements on access to medicines.

48 CFR 970.5227-1 - Rights in data-facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Computer data bases, as used in this clause, means a collection of data in a form capable of, and for the purpose of, being stored in, processed, and operated on by a computer. The term does not include computer software. (2) Computer software, as used in this clause, means (i) computer programs which are data...

48 CFR 970.5227-1 - Rights in data-facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Computer data bases, as used in this clause, means a collection of data in a form capable of, and for the purpose of, being stored in, processed, and operated on by a computer. The term does not include computer software. (2) Computer software, as used in this clause, means (i) computer programs which are data...

48 CFR 970.5227-1 - Rights in data-facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Computer data bases, as used in this clause, means a collection of data in a form capable of, and for the purpose of, being stored in, processed, and operated on by a computer. The term does not include computer software. (2) Computer software, as used in this clause, means (i) computer programs which are data...

48 CFR 970.5227-1 - Rights in data-facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Computer data bases, as used in this clause, means a collection of data in a form capable of, and for the purpose of, being stored in, processed, and operated on by a computer. The term does not include computer software. (2) Computer software, as used in this clause, means (i) computer programs which are data...

Inhibitive and Facilitative Priming Induced by Traces in the Processing of "Wh"-Dependencies in a Second Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dekydtspotter, Laurent; Miller, A. Katherine

2013-01-01

Two experiments involving picture classifications investigated priming behavior in the context of "wh"-movement at clause edge and in indirect object position, respectively. In Experiment 1, intermediate L1-Chinese L2-English learners produced slower classification times (inhibitions) at clause edge, apparently induced by the computation of…

Does the Noun Phrase Accessibility Hierarchy Predict the Difficulty Order in the Acquisition of Japanese Relative Clauses?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ozeki, Hiromi; Shirai, Yasuhiro

2007-01-01

Although Keenan and Comrie's (1977) noun phrase accessibility hierarchy (NPAH) has been shown to predict the difficulty order of relative clauses (RCs) in SLA, most studies of the NPAH have been on European languages. This paper tests the prediction for Japanese. Study 1 analyzes RCs in an oral interview corpus from 90 learners of Japanese at four…

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... REGARDING DISABLED VETERANS, RECENTLY SEPARATED VETERANS, OTHER PROTECTED VETERANS, AND ARMED FORCES SERVICE...

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... REGARDING DISABLED VETERANS, RECENTLY SEPARATED VETERANS, OTHER PROTECTED VETERANS, AND ARMED FORCES SERVICE...

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to... REGARDING DISABLED VETERANS, RECENTLY SEPARATED VETERANS, OTHER PROTECTED VETERANS, AND ARMED FORCES SERVICE...

41 CFR 60-300.5 - Equal opportunity clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... job service or exchange provides the information to the appropriate employment service delivery system... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Equal opportunity clause. 60-300.5 Section 60-300.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Other Provisions Relating to...

Predicting and priming thematic roles: Flexible use of verbal and nonverbal cues during relative clause comprehension.

PubMed

Kowalski, Alix; Huang, Yi Ting

2017-09-01

Relative-clause sentences (RCs) have been a key test case for psycholinguistic models of comprehension. While object-relative clauses (e.g., ORCs: "The bear that the horse . . .") are distinguished from subject-relative clauses (SRCs) after the second noun phrase (NP2; e.g., SRCs: "The bear that pushed . . ."), role assignments are often delayed until the embedded verb (e.g., ". . . pushed ate the sandwich"). This contrasts with overwhelming evidence of incremental role assignment in other garden-path sentences. The current study investigates how contextual factors modulate reliance on verbal and nonverbal cues. Using a visual-world paradigm, participants saw preceding discourse contexts that highlighted relevant roles within events (e.g., pusher, pushee). Nevertheless, role assignment for ORCs remained delayed until the embedded verb (Experiment 1). However, role assignment for ORCs occurred before the embedded verb when additional linguistic input was provided by an adverb (Experiment 2). Finally, when the likelihood of encountering RCs increased within the experimental context, role immediate assignment for ORCs was observed after NP2 (Experiment 3). Together, these findings suggest that real-time role assignment often prefers verbal cues, but can also flexibly adapt to the statistical properties of the local context. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

22 CFR 124.8 - Clauses required both in manufacturing license agreements and technical assistance agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... agreements and technical assistance agreements. 124.8 Section 124.8 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE... Clauses required both in manufacturing license agreements and technical assistance agreements. The following statements must be included both in manufacturing license agreements and in technical assistance...

Some Observations on the Syntactic Development of Discourse beyond Childhood.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wald, Benji

A study of the syntactic development of discourse in and after adolescence among fluent English speakers in a bilingual community of East Los Angeles focused on subordinate devices not observed until adolescence, such as the relative clause using "which" and clauses using "even though/although." Discourse analysis of these…

Adjunct Control in Telugu and Assamese

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haddad, Youssef A.

2007-01-01

My study explores Adjunct Control in two South Asian languages, Telugu (Dravidian) and Assamese (Indo-Aryan), within the Minimalist Program of syntactic theory. Adjunct Control is a relation of obligatory co-referentiality between two subjects, one in the matrix clause and one in an adjunct/subordinate clause of the same structure. Telugu and…

48 CFR 252.228-7000 - Reimbursement for war-hazard losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... amount of the claim; (2) Give the Contracting Officer immediate written notice of any suit or action... connection with any third party suit or claim relating to this clause which the Government elects to...

48 CFR 252.228-7000 - Reimbursement for war-hazard losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... amount of the claim; (2) Give the Contracting Officer immediate written notice of any suit or action... connection with any third party suit or claim relating to this clause which the Government elects to...

48 CFR 252.228-7000 - Reimbursement for war-hazard losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... amount of the claim; (2) Give the Contracting Officer immediate written notice of any suit or action... connection with any third party suit or claim relating to this clause which the Government elects to...

48 CFR 252.228-7000 - Reimbursement for war-hazard losses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ACQUISITION REGULATIONS SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT... amount of the claim; (2) Give the Contracting Officer immediate written notice of any suit or action... connection with any third party suit or claim relating to this clause which the Government elects to...

A Study of the Constraints Affecting Resumption in Turkish and Mandarin Chinese Relative Clauses, and the Transfer of These Constraints to English as a Second Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hitz, John

2012-01-01

Odlin (2003) observes that there is no consensus among researchers regarding the importance of L1 transfer in second-language acquisition (henceforth SLA). To test whether L1 transfer is a significant factor in SLA of English relative clauses (RCs), an English-language acceptability judgment task (AJT) with a four-point rating scale was…

A Legal Analysis of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment and Its Impact on Ballot Initiatives and Affirmative Action Programs in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waters, Harold Davon

2012-01-01

This dissertation explores the controversial issues surrounding affirmative action in higher education. Are anti-affirmative action ballot initiatives in violation of the Equal Protection Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment by restructuring the political process of minorities in such a way that places special burden on their ability to secure…

45 CFR 650.17 - Subcontracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Subcontracts. 650.17 Section 650.17 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.17 Subcontracts. As provided in paragraph (g) of the Patent Rights clause in § 650.4(a), awardees should normally use that clause in all subcontracts. At...

45 CFR 650.17 - Subcontracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Subcontracts. 650.17 Section 650.17 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.17 Subcontracts. As provided in paragraph (g) of the Patent Rights clause in § 650.4(a), awardees should normally use that clause in all subcontracts. At...

45 CFR 650.17 - Subcontracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Subcontracts. 650.17 Section 650.17 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.17 Subcontracts. As provided in paragraph (g) of the Patent Rights clause in § 650.4(a), awardees should normally use that clause in all subcontracts. At...

45 CFR 650.17 - Subcontracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Subcontracts. 650.17 Section 650.17 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION PATENTS § 650.17 Subcontracts. As provided in paragraph (g) of the Patent Rights clause in § 650.4(a), awardees should normally use that clause in all subcontracts. At...

48 CFR 970.2703-2 - Patent rights clause provisions for management and operating contractors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-exempted areas of technology or in operation of DOE facilities primarily dedicated to naval nuclear... for-profit, large business firm and the contract does not have a technology transfer mission or if... dedicated to naval nuclear propulsion or weapons related programs. That clause provides for DOE's statutory...

48 CFR 970.2703-2 - Patent rights clause provisions for management and operating contractors.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-exempted areas of technology or in operation of DOE facilities primarily dedicated to naval nuclear... for-profit, large business firm and the contract does not have a technology transfer mission or if... dedicated to naval nuclear propulsion or weapons related programs. That clause provides for DOE's statutory...

Neural Correlates of Dutch Verb Second in Speech Production

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

den Ouden, Dirk-Bart; Hoogduin, Hans; Stowe, Laurie A.; Bastiaanse, Roelien

2008-01-01

Dutch speakers with agrammatic Broca's aphasia are known to have problems with the production of finite verbs in main clauses. This performance pattern has been accounted for in terms of the specific syntactic complexity of the Dutch main clause structure, which requires an extra syntactic operation (Verb Second), relative to the basic…

Loss of Infinitival Complementation in Romanian Diachronic Syntax

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jordan, Maria

2009-01-01

For the most part, my study is a descriptive analysis of infinitival complement clauses and the corresponding subjunctive clauses in Romanian, that is, obligatory control (OC) structures. OC is a relation of obligatory coreferentiality between a matrix argument (controller) and the null subject of the subordinate (controlee) of the same sentence.…

Avoiding revenue loss due to 'lesser of' contract clauses.

PubMed

Stodolak, Frederick; Gutierrez, Henry

2014-08-01

Finance managers seeking to avoid lost revenue attributable to lesser-of-charge-or-fixed-fee (lesser-of) clauses in their contracts should: Identify payer contracts that contain lesser-of clauses. Prepare lesser-of lost-revenue reports for non-bundled and bundled rates. For claims with covered charges below the bundled rate, identify service codes associated with the greatest proportion of total gross revenue and determine new, higher charge levels for those codes. Establish an approach for setting charges for non-bundled fee schedules to address lost-revenue-related issues. Incorporate changes into overall strategic or hospital zero-based pricing modeling and parameters.

Language Design in the Processing of Non-Restrictive Relative Clauses in French as a Second Language

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lorente Lapole, Amandine

2012-01-01

Recent years have witnessed a lively debate on the nature of learners' morphological competence and use. Some argue that a breakdown in acquisition of second-language (L2) is expected whenever features required for the analysis of L2 input are not present in the L1. Others argue that features have the same nature and etiology in first…

Surface acoustic wave sensors/gas chromatography; and Low quality natural gas sulfur removal and recovery CNG Claus sulfur recovery process

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klint, B.W.; Dale, P.R.; Stephenson, C.

This topical report consists of the two titled projects. Surface Acoustic Wave/Gas Chromatography (SAW/GC) provides a cost-effective system for collecting real-time field screening data for characterization of vapor streams contaminated with volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The Model 4100 can be used in a field screening mode to produce chromatograms in 10 seconds. This capability will allow a project manager to make immediate decisions and to avoid the long delays and high costs associated with analysis by off-site analytical laboratories. The Model 4100 is currently under evaluation by the California Environmental Protection Agency Technology Certification Program. Initial certification focuses upon themore » following organics: cis-dichloroethylene, chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, trichlorethylene, tetrachloroethylene, tetrachloroethane, benzene, ethylbenzene, toluene, and o-xylene. In the second study the CNG Claus process is being evaluated for conversion and recovery of elemental sulfur from hydrogen sulfide, especially found in low quality natural gas. This report describes the design, construction and operation of a pilot scale plant built to demonstrate the technical feasibility of the integrated CNG Claus process.« less

A novel argument for the Universality of Parsing principles.

PubMed

Grillo, Nino; Costa, João

2014-10-01

Previous work on Relative Clause attachment has overlooked a crucial grammatical distinction across both the languages and structures tested: the selective availability of Pseudo Relatives. We reconsider the literature in light of this observation and argue that, all else being equal, local attachment is found with genuine Relative Clauses and that non-local attachment emerges when their surface identical imposters, Pseudo Relatives, are available. Hence, apparent cross-linguistic variation in parsing preferences is reducible to grammatical factors. The results from two novel experiments in Italian are presented in support of these conclusions. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

48 CFR 52.214-27 - Price Reduction for Defective Certified Cost or Pricing Data-Modifications-Sealed Bidding.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... reduction. This right to a price reduction is limited to that resulting from defects in data relating to... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Price Reduction for... PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.214-27 Price Reduction for Defective...

Evolution and the Biblical Account of Creation: Equal Time.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caplan, Gerald A.

This sixth chapter in a book on school law provides a general overview of the religion clauses of the First Amendment and reviews the cases in which the issue of evolution versus creationism has been decided from the Scopes trial to the present. Rulings related to the Establishment Clause of the Constitution are discussed and the "three-part…

Processing implicit control: evidence from reading times

PubMed Central

McCourt, Michael; Green, Jeffrey J.; Lau, Ellen; Williams, Alexander

2015-01-01

Sentences such as “The ship was sunk to collect the insurance” exhibit an unusual form of anaphora, implicit control, where neither anaphor nor antecedent is audible. The non-finite reason clause has an understood subject, PRO, that is anaphoric; here it may be understood as naming the agent of the event of the host clause. Yet since the host is a short passive, this agent is realized by no audible dependent. The putative antecedent to PRO is therefore implicit, which it normally cannot be. What sorts of representations subserve the comprehension of this dependency? Here we present four self-paced reading time studies directed at this question. Previous work showed no processing cost for implicit vs. explicit control, and took this to support the view that PRO is linked syntactically to a silent argument in the passive. We challenge this conclusion by reporting that we also find no processing cost for remote implicit control, as in: “The ship was sunk. The reason was to collect the insurance.” Here the dependency crosses two independent sentences, and so cannot, we argue, be mediated by syntax. Our Experiments 1–4 examined the processing of both implicit (short passive) and explicit (active or long passive) control in both local and remote configurations. Experiments 3 and 4 added either “3 days ago” or “just in order” to the local conditions, to control for the distance between the passive and infinitival verbs, and for the predictability of the reason clause, respectively. We replicate the finding that implicit control does not impose an additional processing cost. But critically we show that remote control does not impose a processing cost either. Reading times at the reason clause were never slower when control was remote. In fact they were always faster. Thus, efficient processing of local implicit control cannot show that implicit control is mediated by syntax; nor, in turn, that there is a silent but grammatically active argument in passives. PMID:26579016

48 CFR 52.244-6 - Subcontracts for Commercial Items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Labor Relations Act (DEC 2010) (E.O. 13496), if flow down is required in accordance with paragraph (f) of FAR clause 52.222-40. (ix) 52.222-50, Combating Trafficking in Persons (FEB 2009) (22 U.S.C. 7104... 2013), if flow down is required in accordance with paragraph (c) of FAR clause 52.232-40. (xii) 52.247...

22 CFR Appendix A to Part 145 - Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Awarded by Recipient A Appendix A to Part 145 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS GRANTS.... 145, App. A Appendix A to Part 145—Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient All contracts and small purchases, awarded by a recipient who is subject to this regulation, shall contain the...

22 CFR Appendix A to Part 145 - Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Awarded by Recipient A Appendix A to Part 145 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS GRANTS.... 145, App. A Appendix A to Part 145—Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient All contracts and small purchases, awarded by a recipient who is subject to this regulation, shall contain the...

22 CFR Appendix A to Part 145 - Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Awarded by Recipient A Appendix A to Part 145 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE CIVIL RIGHTS GRANTS.... 145, App. A Appendix A to Part 145—Clauses for Contracts and Small Purchases Awarded by Recipient All contracts and small purchases, awarded by a recipient who is subject to this regulation, shall contain the...

Of Monkeys and Men--An Atheist's Heretical View of the Constitutionality of Teaching the Disproof of a Religion in the Public Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gelfand, Gregory

1987-01-01

Reviews court decisions on creationism, science, and separation of church and state in relation to 1st and 14th amendments,establishment clause, and free exercise clause. Discusses fundamentalist interpretation of evolution and concept of "scientific neutrality." Proposes that rights of religious minorities are best served if teaching of…

Paving the road to negligence: the compensation for research-related injuries in Spain.

PubMed

Ramiro Avilés, Miguel A

2015-01-01

The planned reform of the regulation of clinical trials in Spain has reopened the debate over how to regulate research-related injuries. Act 29/2006 and Royal Decree 223/2004 regulate the insurance of research-related injuries, and they include a general clause requiring mandatory insurance and imposing a no-fault compensation system; they also contain an exception clause enabling clinical trials to be carried out without insurance under some conditions, and an exclusion clause excluding compensation when there is no causal connection between injuries and a clinical trial. National legislation is under review, affecting the requirement of mandatory insurance and paving the road to a liability system based on negligence, which will affect the level of protection of the persons enrolled in clinical trials because it would not ensure compensation. Regulatory texts on individuals' participation as research subjects should include not only mandatory insurance, but also a no-fault compensation system for cases when voluntary research subjects are injured, irrespective of negligence.

Beyond Verb Meaning: Experimental Evidence for Incremental Processing of Semantic Roles and Event Structure.

PubMed

Philipp, Markus; Graf, Tim; Kretzschmar, Franziska; Primus, Beatrice

2017-01-01

We present an event-related potentials (ERP) study that addresses the question of how pieces of information pertaining to semantic roles and event structure interact with each other and with the verb's meaning. Specifically, our study investigates German verb-final clauses with verbs of motion such as fliegen 'fly' and schweben 'float, hover,' which are indeterminate with respect to agentivity and event structure. Agentivity was tested by manipulating the animacy of the subject noun phrase and event structure by selecting a goal adverbial, which makes the event telic, or a locative adverbial, which leads to an atelic reading. On the clause-initial subject, inanimates evoked an N400 effect vis-à-vis animates. On the adverbial phrase in the atelic (locative) condition, inanimates showed an N400 in comparison to animates. The telic (goal) condition exhibited a similar amplitude like the inanimate-atelic condition. Finally, at the verbal lexeme, the inanimate condition elicited an N400 effect against the animate condition in the telic (goal) contexts. In the atelic (locative) condition, items with animates evoked an N400 effect compared to inanimates. The combined set of findings suggest that clause-initial animacy is not sufficient for agent identification in German, which seems to be completed only at the verbal lexeme in our experiment. Here non-agents (inanimates) changing their location in a goal-directed way and agents (animates) lacking this property are dispreferred and this challenges the assumption that change of (locational) state is generally a defining characteristic of the patient role. Besides this main finding that sheds new light on role prototypicality, our data seem to indicate effects that, in our view, are related to complexity, i.e., minimality. Inanimate subjects or goal arguments increase processing costs since they have role or event structure restrictions that animate subjects or locative modifiers lack.

Syntactic analysis in sentence comprehension: effects of dependency types and grammatical constraints.

PubMed

De Vincenzi, M

1996-01-01

This paper presents three experiments on the parsing of Italian wh-questions that manipulate the wh-type (who vs. which-N) and the wh extraction site (main clause, dependent clause with or without complementizer). The aim of these manipulations is to see whether the parser is sensitive to the type of dependencies being processed and whether the processing effects can be explained by a unique processing principle, the minimal chain principle (MCP; De Vincenzi, 1991). The results show that the parser, following the MCP, prefers structures with fewer and less complex chains. In particular: (1) There is a processing advantage for the wh-subject extractions, the structures with less complex chains; (2) there is a processing dissociation between the who and which questions; (3) the parser respects the principle that governs the well-formedness of the empty categories (ECP).

ULTRA: Universal Grammar as a Universal Parser

PubMed Central

Medeiros, David P.

2018-01-01

A central concern of generative grammar is the relationship between hierarchy and word order, traditionally understood as two dimensions of a single syntactic representation. A related concern is directionality in the grammar. Traditional approaches posit process-neutral grammars, embodying knowledge of language, put to use with infinite facility both for production and comprehension. This has crystallized in the view of Merge as the central property of syntax, perhaps its only novel feature. A growing number of approaches explore grammars with different directionalities, often with more direct connections to performance mechanisms. This paper describes a novel model of universal grammar as a one-directional, universal parser. Mismatch between word order and interpretation order is pervasive in comprehension; in the present model, word order is language-particular and interpretation order (i.e., hierarchy) is universal. These orders are not two dimensions of a unified abstract object (e.g., precedence and dominance in a single tree); rather, both are temporal sequences, and UG is an invariant real-time procedure (based on Knuth's stack-sorting algorithm) transforming word order into hierarchical order. This shift in perspective has several desirable consequences. It collapses linearization, displacement, and composition into a single performance process. The architecture provides a novel source of brackets (labeled unambiguously and without search), which are understood not as part-whole constituency relations, but as storage and retrieval routines in parsing. It also explains why neutral word order within single syntactic cycles avoids 213-like permutations. The model identifies cycles as extended projections of lexical heads, grounding the notion of phase. This is achieved with a universal processor, dispensing with parameters. The empirical focus is word order in noun phrases. This domain provides some of the clearest evidence for 213-avoidance as a cross-linguistic word order generalization. Importantly, recursive phrase structure “bottoms out” in noun phrases, which are typically a single cycle (though further cycles may be embedded, e.g., relative clauses). By contrast, a simple transitive clause plausibly involves two cycles (vP and CP), embedding further nominal cycles. In the present theory, recursion is fundamentally distinct from structure-building within a single cycle, and different word order restrictions might emerge in larger domains like clauses. PMID:29497394

Interpreting Conjoined Noun Phrases and Conjoined Clauses: Collective vs. Distributive Preferences

PubMed Central

Clifton, Charles; Frazier, Lyn

2012-01-01

Two experiments are reported that show that introducing event participants in a conjoined noun phrase (NP) favors a single event (collective) interpretation while introducing them in separate clauses favors a separate events (distributive) interpretation. In Experiment 1, acceptability judgments were speeded when the bias of a predicate toward separate events vs. a single event matched the presumed bias of how the subjects’ referents were introduced (as conjoined noun phrases or in conjoined clauses). In Experiment 2, reading of a phrase containing an anaphor following conjoined noun phrases was facilitated when the anaphor was they, relative to when it was neither/each of them; the opposite pattern was found when the anaphor followed conjoined clauses. We argue that comprehension was facilitated when the form of an anaphor was appropriate for how its antecedents were introduced. These results address the very general problem of how we individuate entities and events when presented with a complex situation, and show that different linguistic forms can guide how we construe a situation.. The results also indicate that there is no general penalty for introducing the entities or events separately – in distinct clauses as ‘split’ antecedents. PMID:22512324

Prosodic Correlates of Sentences in Signed Languages: A Literature Review and Suggestions for New Types of Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ormel, Ellen; Crasborn, Onno

2012-01-01

This article contains a literature review of evidence of large prosodic domains that correspond to syntactic units such as a clause or a sentence. In particular, different phonetic nonmanual cues that may relate to clause or sentence boundaries are discussed in detail. On the basis of various ideas and views in the literature, we also describe two…

Systemic Grammar in Computation. The Nigel Case.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-02-01

Had Sir Christopher Wren been going to build a cathedral ever since his youth?. as a way of illustrating and organizing the discussion. 2. THE TEXT...arisen, In a conversation about Sir Christopher Wren . the need arises to know whether there was a plan for him to build a cathedral sometime after the time...of the clause. Sir Christopher Wren is the ACTOR of the clause, built the PROCESS, and this cathedral is the GOAL. (ii) Tense, i.e., the organization

Syntactic Complexity Effects of Russian Relative Clause Sentences in Children with and without Developmental Language Disorder

PubMed Central

Rakhlin, Natalia; Kornilov, Sergey A.; Kornilova, Tatiana V.

2016-01-01

We investigated relative clause (RC) comprehension in 44 Russian-speaking children with typical language (TD) and developmental language disorder (DLD); M age = 10.67, SD = 2.84, and 22 adults. Flexible word order and morphological case in Russian allowed us to isolate factors that are obscured in English, helping us to identify sources of syntactic complexity and evaluate their roles in RC comprehension by children with typical language and their peers with DLD. We administered a working memory and an RC comprehension (picture-choice) task, which contained subject- and object-gap center-embedded and right branching RCs. The TD group, but not adults, demonstrated the effects of gap, embedding, and case. Their lower accuracy relative to adults was not fully attributable to differences in working memory. The DLD group displayed lower than TD children overall accuracy, accounted for by their lower working memory scores. While the effect of gap and embedding on their performance was not different from what was found for the TD group, children with DLD exhibited a diminished effect of case, suggesting reduced sensitivity to morphological case markers as processing cues. The implications of these results to theories of syntactic complexity and core deficits in DLD are discussed. PMID:28626347

Animacy and competition in relative clause production: A cross-linguistic investigation

PubMed Central

Gennari, Silvia P.; Mirkovi, Jelena; MacDonald, Maryellen C.

2014-01-01

This work investigates production preferences in different languages. Specifically, it examines how animacy, competition processes, and language-specific constraints shape speakers’ choices of structure. English, Spanish and Serbian speakers were presented with depicted events in which either an animate or inanimate entity was acted upon by an agent. Questions about the affected participant in these events prompted the production of relative clauses identifying these entities (e.g., the bag the woman is punching). Results indicated that in English, animacy plays a strong role in determining the choice of passive structures. In contrast, it plays a less prominent role in Spanish and Serbian structure choices, where more active structures were produced to varying degrees. Critically, the semantic similarity between the agent and the patient of the event correlated with the omission of the agent in all languages, indicating that competition resulted in the agent’s inhibition. Similarity also correlated with different functional choices in Spanish. The results suggest that similarity-based competition may influence various stages of production planning but its manifestations are constrained by language-specific grammatical options. Implications for models of sentence production and the relationship between production and comprehension are discussed. PMID:22537914

48 CFR 227.7102 - Commercial items, components, or processes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... process. Follow the procedures in 227.7103-13 and the clause at 252.227-7037, Validation of Restrictive Markings on Technical Data, when information provided by the Department of Defense demonstrates that an...

48 CFR 852.246-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Frozen processed foods. 852.246-72 Section 852.246-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... Frozen processed foods. As prescribed in 846.302-72, insert the following clause: Frozen Processed Foods...

48 CFR 852.246-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Frozen processed foods. 852.246-72 Section 852.246-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... Frozen processed foods. As prescribed in 846.302-72, insert the following clause: Frozen Processed Foods...

48 CFR 852.246-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Frozen processed foods. 852.246-72 Section 852.246-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... Frozen processed foods. As prescribed in 846.302-72, insert the following clause: Frozen Processed Foods...

48 CFR 852.246-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Frozen processed foods. 852.246-72 Section 852.246-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... Frozen processed foods. As prescribed in 846.302-72, insert the following clause: Frozen Processed Foods...

48 CFR 852.246-72 - Frozen processed foods.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Frozen processed foods. 852.246-72 Section 852.246-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS... Frozen processed foods. As prescribed in 846.302-72, insert the following clause: Frozen Processed Foods...

48 CFR 2128.370 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS BONDS AND INSURANCE Insurance 2128.370 Contract clause. The contract clause at FAR 52.228-7 is a mandatory clause in FEGLI... paragraph (c) of this clause is limited to the amount available in the Employee's Life Insurance Fund...

48 CFR 2128.370 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS BONDS AND INSURANCE Insurance 2128.370 Contract clause. The contract clause at FAR 52.228-7 is a mandatory clause in FEGLI... paragraph (c) of this clause is limited to the amount available in the Employee's Life Insurance Fund...

48 CFR 1816.506-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1816...-70 NASA contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.216-80, Task Ordering Procedure, in solicitations... reporting (See NPR 9501.2, NASA Contractor Financial Management Reporting System), use the clause with its...

48 CFR 1816.506-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1816...-70 NASA contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.216-80, Task Ordering Procedure, in solicitations... reporting (See NPR 9501.2, NASA Contractor Financial Management Reporting System), use the clause with its...

48 CFR 1816.506-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clause. 1816...-70 NASA contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.216-80, Task Ordering Procedure, in solicitations... reporting (See NPR 9501.2, NASA Contractor Financial Management Reporting System), use the clause with its...

48 CFR 1816.506-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1816...-70 NASA contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.216-80, Task Ordering Procedure, in solicitations... reporting (See NPR 9501.2, NASA Contractor Financial Management Reporting System), use the clause with its...

48 CFR 1816.506-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1816...-70 NASA contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.216-80, Task Ordering Procedure, in solicitations... reporting (See NPR 9501.2, NASA Contractor Financial Management Reporting System), use the clause with its...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

48 CFR 48.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. (a) General. The contracting officer shall insert a value engineering clause in solicitations and... specified in subparagraphs (1) through (5) and in paragraph (f) below. A value engineering clause may be...

Direct speech quotations promote low relative-clause attachment in silent reading of English.

PubMed

Yao, Bo; Scheepers, Christoph

2018-07-01

The implicit prosody hypothesis (Fodor, 1998, 2002) proposes that silent reading coincides with a default, implicit form of prosody to facilitate sentence processing. Recent research demonstrated that a more vivid form of implicit prosody is mentally simulated during silent reading of direct speech quotations (e.g., Mary said, "This dress is beautiful"), with neural and behavioural consequences (e.g., Yao, Belin, & Scheepers, 2011; Yao & Scheepers, 2011). Here, we explored the relation between 'default' and 'simulated' implicit prosody in the context of relative-clause (RC) attachment in English. Apart from confirming a general low RC-attachment preference in both production (Experiment 1) and comprehension (Experiments 2 and 3), we found that during written sentence completion (Experiment 1) or when reading silently (Experiment 2), the low RC-attachment preference was reliably enhanced when the critical sentences were embedded in direct speech quotations as compared to indirect speech or narrative sentences. However, when reading aloud (Experiment 3), direct speech did not enhance the general low RC-attachment preference. The results from Experiments 1 and 2 suggest a quantitative boost to implicit prosody (via auditory perceptual simulation) during silent production/comprehension of direct speech. By contrast, when reading aloud (Experiment 3), prosody becomes equally salient across conditions due to its explicit nature; indirect speech and narrative sentences thus become as susceptible to prosody-induced syntactic biases as direct speech. The present findings suggest a shared cognitive basis between default implicit prosody and simulated implicit prosody, providing a new platform for studying the effects of implicit prosody on sentence processing. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

When the Second Language Takes the Lead: Neurocognitive Processing Changes in the First Language of Adult Attriters.

PubMed

Kasparian, Kristina; Steinhauer, Karsten

2017-01-01

Although research on multilingualism has revealed continued neuroplasticity for language-learning beyond what was previously expected, it remains controversial whether and to what extent a second language (L2) acquired in adulthood may induce changes in the neurocognitive processing of a first language (L1). First language (L1) attrition in adulthood offers new insight on neuroplasticity and the factors that modulate neurocognitive responses to language. To date, investigations of the neurocognitive correlates of L1 attrition and of factors influencing these mechanisms are still scarce. Moreover, most event-related-potential (ERP) studies of second language processing have focused on L1 influence on the L2, while cross-linguistic influence in the reverse direction has been underexplored. Using ERPs, we examined the real-time processing of Italian relative-clauses in 24 Italian-English adult migrants with predominant use of English since immigration and reporting attrition of their native-Italian (Attriters), compared to 30 non-attriting monolinguals in Italy (Controls). Our results showed that Attriters differed from Controls in their acceptability judgment ratings and ERP responses when relative clause constructions were ungrammatical in English, though grammatical in Italian. Controls' ERP responses to unpreferred sentence constructions were consistent with garden path effects typically observed in the literature for these complex sentences. In contrast, due to L2-English influence, Attriters were less sensitive to semantic cues than to word-order preferences, and processed permissible Italian sentences as outright morphosyntactic violations. Key factors modulating processing differences within Attriters were the degree of maintained L1 exposure, length of residence in the L2 environment and L2 proficiency - with higher levels of L2 immersion and proficiency associated with increased L2 influence on the L1. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that high levels of L2 proficiency and exposure may render a grammatical sentence in one's native language ungrammatical. These group differences strongly point to distinct processing strategies and provide evidence that even a "stabilized" L1 grammar is subject to change after a prolonged period of L2 immersion and reduced L1 use, especially in linguistic areas promoting cross-linguistic influence.

Are Subject Small Clauses Really Small Clauses?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kubo, Miori

1993-01-01

This paper discusses the ongoing debate over small clauses concerning the structure of the verb phrase in "I consider Bill smart." It is demonstrated that the subject constituent in question is not a small clause, but a Noun Phrase (NP), following Noun (N). It is shown that some peculiar phenomena under the small clause analysis are…

48 CFR 1832.412-70 - NASA Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA Contract clauses. 1832....412-70 NASA Contract clauses. When the clause at FAR 52.232-12 or its Alternates II or V are used, insert the clause at 1852.232-70, NASA Modification of FAR 52.232-12. [63 FR 14040, Mar. 24, 1998] ...

48 CFR 1832.412-70 - NASA Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA Contract clauses....412-70 NASA Contract clauses. When the clause at FAR 52.232-12 or its Alternates II or V are used, insert the clause at 1852.232-70, NASA Modification of FAR 52.232-12. [63 FR 14040, Mar. 24, 1998] ...

48 CFR 1832.412-70 - NASA Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA Contract clauses....412-70 NASA Contract clauses. When the clause at FAR 52.232-12 or its Alternates II or V are used, insert the clause at 1852.232-70, NASA Modification of FAR 52.232-12. [63 FR 14040, Mar. 24, 1998] ...

48 CFR 1832.412-70 - NASA Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA Contract clauses....412-70 NASA Contract clauses. When the clause at FAR 52.232-12 or its Alternates II or V are used, insert the clause at 1852.232-70, NASA Modification of FAR 52.232-12. [63 FR 14040, Mar. 24, 1998] ...

48 CFR 1832.412-70 - NASA Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA Contract clauses....412-70 NASA Contract clauses. When the clause at FAR 52.232-12 or its Alternates II or V are used, insert the clause at 1852.232-70, NASA Modification of FAR 52.232-12. [63 FR 14040, Mar. 24, 1998] ...

Reducing the Teacher Workforce: A Management Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Philip; Nelson, Dorothy Q.

1983-01-01

Discusses substantive and procedural restraints, including legal pitfalls, due process, and no-layoff clauses, within which public employers must decide questions of reduction in workforce (RIF). Describes elements of a sound RIF policy and considers ways of using the collective bargaining process to facilitate the RIF process. (JBM)

'MetaTaal': enhancing complex syntax in children with specific language impairment--a metalinguistic and multimodal approach.

PubMed

Zwitserlood, Rob; Wijnen, Frank; van Weerdenburg, Marjolijn; Verhoeven, Ludo

2015-01-01

Currently, most research on the effective treatment of morphosyntax in children with specific language impairment (SLI) pertains to younger children. In the last two decades, several studies have provided evidence that intervention for older school-age children with SLI can be effective. These metalinguistic intervention approaches teach grammatical rules explicitly and use shapes and colours as two-dimensional visual support. Reading or writing activities form a substantial part of these interventions. However, some children with SLI are poor readers and might benefit more from an approach that is less dependent on literacy skills. To examine the effectiveness of a combined metalinguistic and multimodal approach in older school-age children with SLI. The intervention was adapted to suit poor readers and targeted the improvement of relative clause production, because relative clauses still pose difficulties for older children with SLI. Participants were 12 monolingual Dutch children with SLI (mean age 11;2). All children visited a special school for children with speech and language disorders in the Netherlands. A quasi-experimental multiple-baseline design was chosen to evaluate the effectiveness of the intervention. A set of tasks was constructed to test relative clause production and comprehension. Two balanced versions were alternated in order to suppress a possible learning effect from multiple presentations of the tasks. After 3 monthly baseline measurements, the children received individual treatment with a protocolled intervention programme twice a week during 5 weeks. The tests were repeated directly post-therapy and at a retention measurement 3 months later. During the intervention programme, the speech therapist delivering the treatment remained blind to the test results. No significant changes were found during the baseline measurements. However, measurement directly post-therapy showed that 5 h of intervention produced significant improvement on the relative clause production tasks, but not on the relative clause comprehension task. The gains were also maintained 3 months later. The motor and tactile/kinesthetic dimensions of the 'MetaTaal' metalinguistic intervention approach are a valuable addition to the existing metalinguistic approaches. This study supports the evidence that grammatical skills in older school-age children with SLI can be remediated with direct intervention using a metalinguistic approach. The current tendency to diminish direct intervention for older children with SLI should be reconsidered. © 2015 Royal College of Speech and Language Therapists.

12 CFR Appendix B to Part 230 - Model Clauses and Sample Forms

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Model Clauses and Sample Forms B Appendix B to... SYSTEM TRUTH IN SAVINGS (REGULATION DD) Pt. 230, App. B Appendix B to Part 230—Model Clauses and Sample Forms Table of contents B-1—Model Clauses for Account Disclosures (Section 230.4(b)) B-2—Model Clauses...

Punctuation and Intonation Effects on Clause and Sentence Wrap-Up: Evidence from Eye Movements

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hirotani, Masako; Frazier, Lyn; Rayner, Keith

2006-01-01

Three eye movement studies examined the role of punctuation in reading. In Experiment 1, although a comma at the end of a clause facilitated overall reading times for the sentence, first pass times were longer at the end of comma-marked clauses than clauses without a comma (or the same material in clause medial position). The data supported the…

41 CFR 60-1.24 - Processing of matters.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 1 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Processing of matters. 60... Procedure § 60-1.24 Processing of matters. (a) Complaints. OFCCP may refer appropriate complaints to the... opportunity clause, the matter should be resolved by informal means whenever possible. Such informal means may...

A Logical Basis In The Layered Computer Vision Systems Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tejwani, Y. J.

1986-03-01

In this paper a four layer computer vision system model is described. The model uses a finite memory scratch pad. In this model planar objects are defined as predicates. Predicates are relations on a k-tuple. The k-tuple consists of primitive points and relationship between primitive points. The relationship between points can be of the direct type or the indirect type. Entities are goals which are satisfied by a set of clauses. The grammar used to construct these clauses is examined.

48 CFR 752.7007 - Personnel compensation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... 752.7007 Section 752.7007 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7007 Personnel compensation. The following clause shall be used in all USAID cost-reimbursement contracts...

48 CFR 3402.201 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clause. 3402.201 Section 3402.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL DEFINITIONS OF WORDS AND TERMS Definitions Clause 3402.201 Contract clause. The contracting...

Is there a domain-general cognitive structuring system? Evidence from structural priming across music, math, action descriptions, and language.

PubMed

Van de Cavey, Joris; Hartsuiker, Robert J

2016-01-01

Cognitive processing in many domains (e.g., sentence comprehension, music listening, and math solving) requires sequential information to be organized into an integrational structure. There appears to be some overlap in integrational processing across domains, as shown by cross-domain interference effects when for example linguistic and musical stimuli are jointly presented (Koelsch, Gunter, Wittfoth, & Sammler, 2005; Slevc, Rosenberg, & Patel, 2009). These findings support theories of overlapping resources for integrational processing across domains (cfr. SSIRH Patel, 2003; SWM, Kljajevic, 2010). However, there are some limitations to the studies mentioned above, such as the frequent use of unnaturalistic integrational difficulties. In recent years, the idea has risen that evidence for domain-generality in structural processing might also be yielded though priming paradigms (cfr. Scheepers, 2003). The rationale behind this is that integrational processing across domains regularly requires the processing of dependencies across short or long distances in the sequence, involving respectively less or more syntactic working memory resources (cfr. SWM, Kljajevic, 2010), and such processing decisions might persist over time. However, whereas recent studies have shown suggestive priming of integrational structure between language and arithmetics (though often dependent on arithmetic performance, cfr. Scheepers et al., 2011; Scheepers & Sturt, 2014), it remains to be investigated to what extent we can also find evidence for priming in other domains, such as music and action (cfr. SWM, Kljajevic, 2010). Experiment 1a showed structural priming from the processing of musical sequences onto the position in the sentence structure (early or late) to which a relative clause was attached in subsequent sentence completion. Importantly, Experiment 1b showed that a similar structural manipulation based on non-hierarchically ordered color sequences did not yield any priming effect, suggesting that the priming effect is not based on linear order, but integrational dependency. Finally, Experiment 2 presented primes in four domains (relative clause sentences, music, mathematics, and structured descriptions of actions), and consistently showed priming within and across domains. These findings provide clear evidence for domain-general structural processing mechanisms. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Clause Structure in Old English: Evidence from Negative Concord.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haeberli, Eric; Haegeman, Liliane

1995-01-01

This paper deals with the clause structure of Old English. It is argued that the clause structure of Old English contains a head-initial functional projection whose head can be the landing site of verb movement in subordinate clauses. (41 references) (JL)

48 CFR 546.710 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clause. 546.710 Section 546.710 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Warranties 546.710 Contract clause. The Contracting officer shall insert the clause at...

48 CFR 846.710 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clauses. 846.710 Section 846.710 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF VETERANS AFFAIRS CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Warranties 846.710 Contract clauses. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at...

48 CFR 1339.107 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clauses. 1339.107 Section 1339.107 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY General 1339.107 Contract clauses. Insert clause 1352.239-70...

48 CFR 1846.370 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1846.370 Section 1846.370 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 1846.370 NASA contract clauses. (a) The...

48 CFR 1846.370 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1846.370 Section 1846.370 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 1846.370 NASA contract clauses. (a) The...

48 CFR 1846.370 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1846.370 Section 1846.370 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 1846.370 NASA contract clauses. (a) The...

48 CFR 1846.370 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clauses. 1846.370 Section 1846.370 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 1846.370 NASA contract clauses. (a) The...

48 CFR 1846.370 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1846.370 Section 1846.370 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 1846.370 NASA contract clauses. (a) The...

48 CFR 2009.570-5 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Organizational Conflicts of Interest 2009.570-5 Contract clauses. (a) General contract clause. All contracts and simplified acquisitions of the types set forth in 2009.570-4(b) must include the clause entitled, “Contractor Organizational Conflicts of...

48 CFR 752.7004 - Emergency locator information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... information. 752.7004 Section 752.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7004 Emergency locator information. The following clause is to be included in all contracts requiring...

48 CFR 752.7004 - Emergency locator information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... information. 752.7004 Section 752.7004 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7004 Emergency locator information. The following clause is to be included in all contracts requiring...

48 CFR 752.7003 - Documentation for payment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... 752.7003 Section 752.7003 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7003 Documentation for payment. The following clause is required in all USAID direct contracts, excluding fixed price...

48 CFR 1852.301 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses (Matrix).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Solicitation provisions and contract clauses (Matrix). 1852.301 Section 1852.301 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... and Clause Matrix 1852.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses (Matrix). ...

48 CFR 19.708 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS The Small Business Subcontracting Program 19.708 Contract clauses. (a) Insert the clause at 52.219-8, Utilization of Small Business Concerns, in solicitations and contracts... clause at 52.219-9, Small Business Subcontracting Plan, in solicitations and contracts that offer...

48 CFR 19.708 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS The Small Business Subcontracting Program 19.708 Contract clauses. (a) Insert the clause at 52.219-8, Utilization of Small Business Concerns, in solicitations and contracts... clause at 52.219-9, Small Business Subcontracting Plan, in solicitations and contracts that offer...

48 CFR 19.708 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS The Small Business Subcontracting Program 19.708 Contract clauses. (a) Insert the clause at 52.219-8, Utilization of Small Business Concerns, in solicitations and contracts... clause at 52.219-9, Small Business Subcontracting Plan, in solicitations and contracts that offer...

48 CFR 19.708 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS The Small Business Subcontracting Program 19.708 Contract clauses. (a) Insert the clause at 52.219-8, Utilization of Small Business Concerns, in solicitations and contracts... clause at 52.219-9, Small Business Subcontracting Plan, in solicitations and contracts that offer...

48 CFR 48.202 - Clause for construction contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Clause for construction contracts. 48.202 Section 48.202 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 48.202 Clause for construction contracts. The...

How do language-specific characteristics affect the acquisition of different relative clause types? Evidence from Finnish.

PubMed

Kirjavainen, Minna; Kidd, Evan; Lieven, Elena

2017-01-01

We report three studies (one corpus, two experimental) that investigated the acquisition of relative clauses (RCs) in Finnish-speaking children. Study 1 found that Finnish children's naturalistic exposure to RCs predominantly consists of non-subject relatives (i.e. oblique, object) which typically have inanimate head nouns. Study 2 tested children's comprehension of subject, object, and two types of oblique relatives. No difference was found in the children's performance on different structures, including a lack of previously widely reported asymmetry between subject and object relatives. However, children's comprehension was modulated by animacy of the head referent. Study 3 tested children's production of the same RC structures using sentence repetition. Again we found no subject-object asymmetry. The pattern of results suggested that distributional frequency patterns and the relative complexity of the relativizer contribute to the difficulty associated with particular RC structures.

48 CFR 2103.571 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Contract clause. 2103.571 Section 2103.571 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT, FEDERAL EMPLOYEES... CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Other Improper Business Practices 2103.571 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.203-70...

48 CFR 52.222-12 - Contract Termination-Debarment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...: Contract Termination—Debarment (FEB 1988) A breach of the contract clauses entitled Davis-Bacon Act... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract Termination... (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 52...

48 CFR 1346.710 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clauses. 1346.710 Section 1346.710 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Warranties 1346.710 Contract clauses. The warranty clauses and alternates under FAR Subpart 46.710...

48 CFR 1836.570 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. 1836.570 Section 1836.570 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 1836.570 NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. (a) The contracting...

48 CFR 1836.570 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. 1836.570 Section 1836.570 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 1836.570 NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. (a) The contracting...

48 CFR 1842.271 - NASA clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA clause. 1842.271 Section 1842.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION... NASA clause. Insert the clause at 1852.242-70, Technical Direction, when paragraph 3(m) of the NASA...

48 CFR 1842.271 - NASA clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA clause. 1842.271 Section 1842.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION... NASA clause. Insert the clause at 1852.242-70, Technical Direction, when paragraph 3(m) of the NASA...

48 CFR 1836.570 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. 1836.570 Section 1836.570 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 1836.570 NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. (a) The contracting...

48 CFR 1842.271 - NASA clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA clause. 1842.271 Section 1842.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION... NASA clause. Insert the clause at 1852.242-70, Technical Direction, when paragraph 3(m) of the NASA...

48 CFR 1836.570 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. 1836.570 Section 1836.570 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 1836.570 NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. (a) The contracting...

48 CFR 1836.570 - NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. 1836.570 Section 1836.570 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... CONTRACTS Contract Clauses 1836.570 NASA solicitation provisions and contract clause. (a) The contracting...

48 CFR 1842.271 - NASA clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA clause. 1842.271 Section 1842.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION... NASA clause. Insert the clause at 1852.242-70, Technical Direction, when paragraph 3(m) of the NASA...

48 CFR 1842.271 - NASA clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA clause. 1842.271 Section 1842.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION... NASA clause. Insert the clause at 1852.242-70, Technical Direction, when paragraph 3(m) of the NASA...

48 CFR 37.304 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clauses. 37.304... CONTRACTING SERVICE CONTRACTING Dismantling, Demolition, or Removal of Improvements 37.304 Contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.237-4, Payment by Government to Contractor...

48 CFR 925.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FOREIGN ACQUISITION Acquisition of Nuclear Hot Cell Services 925.7004 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 952.225-70, Subcontracting for Nuclear Hot Cell Services, in solicitations and contracts involving nuclear hot cell services. This clause does not flow down to second-tier...

48 CFR 11.304 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Contract clause. 11.304 Section 11.304 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION ACQUISITION PLANNING DESCRIBING AGENCY NEEDS Acceptable Material 11.304 Contract clause. Insert the clause at 52.211-5, Material...

48 CFR 242.7204 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Management and Accounting System 242.7204 Contract clause. Use the clause at 252.242-7004, Material Management and Accounting System, in all solicitations and contracts exceeding the simplified acquisition... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clause. 242.7204...

48 CFR 752.7006 - Notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 752.7006 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7006 Notices. The following clause shall be used in all USAID contracts. Notices (APR 1984) Any notice given by any of the parties...

48 CFR 752.7006 - Notices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 752.7006 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7006 Notices. The following clause shall be used in all USAID contracts. Notices (APR 1984) Any notice given by any of the parties...

48 CFR 752.7000 - Scope of subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Section 752.7000 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7000 Scope of subpart. Subpart 752.70 contains the text of USAID-specific contract clauses for which there is no FAR...

48 CFR 752.7000 - Scope of subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Section 752.7000 Federal Acquisition Regulations System AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of USAID Contract Clauses 752.7000 Scope of subpart. Subpart 752.70 contains the text of USAID-specific contract clauses for which there is no FAR...

48 CFR 925.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... FOREIGN ACQUISITION Acquisition of Nuclear Hot Cell Services 925.7004 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 952.225-70, Subcontracting for Nuclear Hot Cell Services, in solicitations and contracts involving nuclear hot cell services. This clause does not flow down to second-tier...

48 CFR 925.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... FOREIGN ACQUISITION Acquisition of Nuclear Hot Cell Services 925.7004 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 952.225-70, Subcontracting for Nuclear Hot Cell Services, in solicitations and contracts involving nuclear hot cell services. This clause does not flow down to second-tier...

48 CFR 925.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... FOREIGN ACQUISITION Acquisition of Nuclear Hot Cell Services 925.7004 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 952.225-70, Subcontracting for Nuclear Hot Cell Services, in solicitations and contracts involving nuclear hot cell services. This clause does not flow down to second-tier...

48 CFR 925.7004 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... FOREIGN ACQUISITION Acquisition of Nuclear Hot Cell Services 925.7004 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 952.225-70, Subcontracting for Nuclear Hot Cell Services, in solicitations and contracts involving nuclear hot cell services. This clause does not flow down to second-tier...

48 CFR 1847.7001 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Protection of the Florida Manatee 1847.7001 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.247-71, Protection of the Florida Manatee, in... the contract will involve use of waterways inhabited by manatees. The clause shall also be included in...

48 CFR 1847.7001 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Protection of the Florida Manatee 1847.7001 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.247-71, Protection of the Florida Manatee, in... the contract will involve use of waterways inhabited by manatees. The clause shall also be included in...

48 CFR 1847.7001 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Protection of the Florida Manatee 1847.7001 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.247-71, Protection of the Florida Manatee, in... the contract will involve use of waterways inhabited by manatees. The clause shall also be included in...

48 CFR 1847.7001 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Protection of the Florida Manatee 1847.7001 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.247-71, Protection of the Florida Manatee, in... the contract will involve use of waterways inhabited by manatees. The clause shall also be included in...

48 CFR 1847.7001 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TRANSPORTATION Protection of the Florida Manatee 1847.7001 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.247-71, Protection of the Florida Manatee, in... the contract will involve use of waterways inhabited by manatees. The clause shall also be included in...

The Time Course of Verb Processing in Dutch Sentences

PubMed Central

Shapiro, Lewis P.; Wester, Femke; Swinney, David A.; Bastiaanse, Roelien

2012-01-01

The verb has traditionally been characterized as the central element in a sentence. Nevertheless, the exact role of the verb during the actual ongoing comprehension of a sentence as it unfolds in time remains largely unknown. This paper reports the results of two Cross-Modal Lexical Priming (CMLP) experiments detailing the pattern of verb priming during on-line processing of Dutch sentences. Results are contrasted with data from a third CMLP experiment on priming of nouns in similar sentences. It is demonstrated that the meaning of a matrix verb remains active throughout the entire matrix clause, while this is not the case for the meaning of a subject head noun. Activation of the meaning of the verb only dissipates upon encountering a clear signal as to the start of a new clause. PMID:19452278

BOLD response to semantic and syntactic processing during hypoglycemia is load-dependent.

PubMed

Schafer, Robin J; Page, Kathleen A; Arora, Jagriti; Sherwin, Robert; Constable, R Todd

2012-01-01

This study investigates how syntactic and semantic load factors impact sentence comprehension and BOLD signal under moderate hypoglycemia. A dual session, whole brain fMRI study was conducted on 16 healthy participants using the glucose clamp technique. In one session, they experienced insulin-induced hypoglycemia (plasma glucose at ∼50mg/dL); in the other, plasma glucose was maintained at euglycemic levels (∼100mg/dL). During scans subjects were presented with sentences of contrasting syntactic (embedding vs. conjunction) and semantic (reversibility vs. irreversibility) load. Semantic factors dominated the overall load effects on both performance (p<0.001) and BOLD response (p<0.01, corrected). Differential BOLD signal was observed in frontal, temporal, temporo-parietal and medio-temporal regions. Hypoglycemia and syntactic factors significantly impacted performance (p=0.002) and BOLD response (p<0.01, corrected) in the reversible clause conditions, more extensively in reversible-embedded than in reversible-conjoined clauses. Hypoglycemia resulted in a robust decrease in performance on reversible clauses and exerted attenuating effects on BOLD unselectively across cortical circuits. The dominance of reversibility in all measures underscores the distinction between the syntactic and semantic contrasts. The syntactic is based in a quantitative difference in algorithms interpreting embedded and conjoined structures. We suggest that the semantic is based in a qualitative difference between algorithmic mapping of arguments in reversible clauses and heuristic linking in irreversible clauses. Because heuristics drastically reduce resource demand, the operations they support would resist the load-dependent cognitive consequences of hypoglycemia. © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Locality and Word Order in Active Dependency Formation in Bangla.

PubMed

Chacón, Dustin A; Imtiaz, Mashrur; Dasgupta, Shirsho; Murshed, Sikder M; Dan, Mina; Phillips, Colin

2016-01-01

Research on filler-gap dependencies has revealed that there are constraints on possible gap sites, and that real-time sentence processing is sensitive to these constraints. This work has shown that comprehenders have preferences for potential gap sites, and immediately detect when these preferences are not met. However, neither the mechanisms that select preferred gap sites nor the mechanisms used to detect whether these preferences are met are well-understood. In this paper, we report on three experiments in Bangla, a language in which gaps may occur in either a pre-verbal embedded clause or a post-verbal embedded clause. This word order variation allows us to manipulate whether the first gap linearly available is contained in the same clause as the filler, which allows us to dissociate structural locality from linear locality. In Experiment 1, an untimed ambiguity resolution task, we found a global bias to resolve a filler-gap dependency with the first gap linearly available, regardless of structural hierarchy. In Experiments 2 and 3, which use the filled-gap paradigm, we found sensitivity to disruption only when the blocked gap site is both structurally and linearly local, i.e., the filler and the gap site are contained in the same clause. This suggests that comprehenders may not show sensitivity to the disruption of all preferred gap resolutions.

48 CFR 227.7103-6 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... private expense). Do not use the clause when the only deliverable items are computer software or computer software documentation (see 227.72), commercial items developed exclusively at private expense (see 227... the clause in architect-engineer and construction contracts. (b)(1) Use the clause at 252.227-7013...

48 CFR 227.7103-6 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... private expense). Do not use the clause when the only deliverable items are computer software or computer software documentation (see 227.72), commercial items developed exclusively at private expense (see 227... the clause in architect-engineer and construction contracts. (b)(1) Use the clause at 252.227-7013...

48 CFR 203.1004 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF DEFENSE GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct 203.1004 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.203-7003 in solicitations and contracts that include the FAR clause 52.203-13, Contractor Code of Business Ethics and Conduct...

48 CFR 970.5200 - Scope of subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Solicitation Provisions and Contract Clauses for Management... provisions and contract clauses for use in management and operating contracts. The provisions and clauses... prescription, are to be used in addition to or in place of such clauses. Management and operating contracts are...

48 CFR 52.104 - Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses. 52.104 Section 52.104 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES...

48 CFR 925.901 - Omission of the audit clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Omission of the audit clause. 925.901 Section 925.901 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY SOCIOECONOMIC PROGRAMS FOREIGN ACQUISITION Additional Foreign Acquisition Clauses 925.901 Omission of the audit clause...

48 CFR 1632.772 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Contract clause. 1632.772 Section 1632.772 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES... Funding 1632.772 Contract clause. The clause at 1652.232-72 shall be included in all contracts that are...

48 CFR 2132.772 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Contract clause. 2132.772 Section 2132.772 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT, FEDERAL EMPLOYEES... Contract Funding 2132.772 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.232-71 shall be inserted in all FEGLI Program...

48 CFR 1844.204-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1844.204-70 Section 1844.204-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.244-70, Geographic...

48 CFR 1816.307-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1816.307-70 Section 1816.307-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.216-73, Estimated...

48 CFR 1832.502-470 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.502-470 Section 1832.502-470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer may insert a clause substantially as stated at 1852.232...

48 CFR 1832.502-470 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.502-470 Section 1832.502-470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer may insert a clause substantially as stated at 1852.232...

48 CFR 1811.404-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1811.404-70 Section 1811.404-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1811.404-70 NASA contract clauses. The clause at 1852.211-70, Packaging, Handling, and Transportation...

48 CFR 1844.204-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1844.204-70 Section 1844.204-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.244-70, Geographic...

48 CFR 1811.404-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1811.404-70 Section 1811.404-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1811.404-70 NASA contract clauses. The clause at 1852.211-70, Packaging, Handling, and Transportation...

48 CFR 1832.502-470 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clause. 1832.502-470 Section 1832.502-470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer may insert a clause substantially as stated at 1852.232...

48 CFR 1816.307-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1816.307-70 Section 1816.307-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.216-73, Estimated...

48 CFR 1816.307-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1816.307-70 Section 1816.307-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.216-73, Estimated...

48 CFR 1832.502-470 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.502-470 Section 1832.502-470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer may insert a clause substantially as stated at 1852.232...

48 CFR 1844.204-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1844.204-70 Section 1844.204-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.244-70, Geographic...

48 CFR 1844.204-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1844.204-70 Section 1844.204-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.244-70, Geographic...

48 CFR 1811.404-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clauses. 1811.404-70 Section 1811.404-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1811.404-70 NASA contract clauses. The clause at 1852.211-70, Packaging, Handling, and Transportation...

48 CFR 1811.404-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1811.404-70 Section 1811.404-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1811.404-70 NASA contract clauses. The clause at 1852.211-70, Packaging, Handling, and Transportation...

48 CFR 1816.307-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1816.307-70 Section 1816.307-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.216-73, Estimated...

48 CFR 1811.404-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1811.404-70 Section 1811.404-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1811.404-70 NASA contract clauses. The clause at 1852.211-70, Packaging, Handling, and Transportation...

48 CFR 1832.502-470 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.502-470 Section 1832.502-470 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer may insert a clause substantially as stated at 1852.232...

48 CFR 1816.307-70 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clauses. 1816.307-70 Section 1816.307-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.216-73, Estimated...

48 CFR 1844.204-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clause. 1844.204-70 Section 1844.204-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.244-70, Geographic...

48 CFR 1348.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Clauses for supply or service contracts. 1348.201 Section 1348.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 1348.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts...

48 CFR 52.104 - Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses. 52.104 Section 52.104 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES...

48 CFR 52.104 - Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses. 52.104 Section 52.104 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES...

48 CFR 52.104 - Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses. 52.104 Section 52.104 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES...

48 CFR 52.104 - Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Procedures for modifying and completing provisions and clauses. 52.104 Section 52.104 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION (CONTINUED) CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES...

48 CFR 227.7103-6 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS PATENTS, DATA, AND COPYRIGHTS Rights in Technical Data 227.7103-6 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.227-7013, Rights in Technical Data... technical data to the Government. Do not use the clause when the only deliverable items are computer...

48 CFR 942.270-2 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Contract clause. 942.270-2 Section 942.270-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CONTRACT MANAGEMENT CONTRACT ADMINISTRATION AND AUDIT SERVICES Contract Administration Services 942.270-2 Contract clause. The clause at 952...

48 CFR 1804.470-4 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... clause. (a) Insert the clause at 1852.204-76, Security Requirements for Unclassified Information...— (1) Have physical or electronic access to NASA's computer systems, networks, or IT infrastructure; or... Security Manager before granting any waivers to paragraph (b) of the clause; and (2) The Center Chief of...

48 CFR 52.301 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses (Matrix).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Solicitation provisions and contract clauses (Matrix). 52.301 Section 52.301 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL... and Clause Matrix 52.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses (Matrix). Note: The FAR matrix...

48 CFR 2124.104-70 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Contract clause. 2124.104-70 Section 2124.104-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT, FEDERAL... AND FREEDOM OF INFORMATION Protection of Individual Privacy 2124.104-70 Contract clause. The clause at...

48 CFR 1348.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Clauses for supply or service contracts. 1348.201 Section 1348.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 1348.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts...

Serrano and Rodriguez -- an Overextension of Equal Protection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Jo Desha

1972-01-01

Discusses the relationship of the Equal Protection Clause to the underlying premises of State educational finance decisions: (1) the Equal Protection Clause and local government generally, (2) the Equal Protection Clause and geographical classifications, (3) the Equal Protection Clause and geographical classifications of services or benefits, (4)…

32 CFR 173.3 - Profit reduction clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Profit reduction clause. 173.3 Section 173.3... INFORMATION CERTIFICATE AND PROFIT REDUCTION CLAUSE § 173.3 Profit reduction clause. The following profit... Information Certificate is required prior to award. Profit Reduction for Illegal or Improper Activity (a) The...

32 CFR 173.3 - Profit reduction clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Profit reduction clause. 173.3 Section 173.3... INFORMATION CERTIFICATE AND PROFIT REDUCTION CLAUSE § 173.3 Profit reduction clause. The following profit... Information Certificate is required prior to award. Profit Reduction for Illegal or Improper Activity (a) The...

32 CFR 173.3 - Profit reduction clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Profit reduction clause. 173.3 Section 173.3... INFORMATION CERTIFICATE AND PROFIT REDUCTION CLAUSE § 173.3 Profit reduction clause. The following profit... Information Certificate is required prior to award. Profit Reduction for Illegal or Improper Activity (a) The...

32 CFR 173.3 - Profit reduction clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Profit reduction clause. 173.3 Section 173.3... INFORMATION CERTIFICATE AND PROFIT REDUCTION CLAUSE § 173.3 Profit reduction clause. The following profit... Information Certificate is required prior to award. Profit Reduction for Illegal or Improper Activity (a) The...

32 CFR 173.3 - Profit reduction clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Profit reduction clause. 173.3 Section 173.3... INFORMATION CERTIFICATE AND PROFIT REDUCTION CLAUSE § 173.3 Profit reduction clause. The following profit... Information Certificate is required prior to award. Profit Reduction for Illegal or Improper Activity (a) The...

48 CFR 1615.470-1 - Investment income clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Investment income clause. 1615.470-1 Section 1615.470-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT... CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Contract Pricing 1615.470-1 Investment income clause. The clause set forth in 1652...

48 CFR 1615.470-1 - Investment income clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Investment income clause. 1615.470-1 Section 1615.470-1 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT... CONTRACTING BY NEGOTIATION Contract Pricing 1615.470-1 Investment income clause. The clause set forth in 1652...

48 CFR 212.301 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial items. 212.301 Section 212.301 Federal... PLANNING ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL ITEMS Solicitation Provisions and Contract Clauses for the Acquisition of Commercial Items 212.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the acquisition of...

48 CFR 452.236-73 - Archaeological or Historic Sites.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Archaeological or Historic... CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 452.236-73 Archaeological or Historic Sites. As prescribed in 436.573, insert the following clause: Archaeological or...

48 CFR 515.209-70 - Examination of records by GSA clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... payments based on cost, or guaranteed loan. (3) Contain a price warranty or price reduction clause. (4.... (5) Include an economic price adjustment clause where the adjustment is not based solely on an... property, compliance with the price reduction clause). Counsel and the Assistant Inspector General—Auditing...

48 CFR 252.225-7013 - Duty-free entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the Buy American Act-Free Trade Agreements-Balance of Payments Program clause of this contract; or... product have the meanings given in the Trade Agreements clause, the Buy American Act and Balance of Payments Program clause, or the Buy American Act—Free Trade Agreements—Balance of Payments Program clause...

48 CFR 970.2704-3 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... SUPPLEMENTARY REGULATIONS DOE MANAGEMENT AND OPERATING CONTRACTS Patents, Data, and Copyrights 970.2704-3 Contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 48 CFR 970.5227-1, Rights in Data—Facilities, in management and operating contracts which do not contain the clause at 48 CFR 970.5227-2...

48 CFR 1837.203-72 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1837.203-72 Section 1837.203-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.237-72, Access to...

48 CFR 1832.111-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clause. 1832.111-70 Section 1832.111-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....111-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-79, Payment...

48 CFR 1837.203-72 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clauses. 1837.203-72 Section 1837.203-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.237-72, Access to...

48 CFR 1827.409-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1827.409-70 Section 1827.409-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....409-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall use the clause at 1852.227-86, Commercial...

48 CFR 1823.271 - NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. 1823.271 Section 1823.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Renewable Energy 1823.271 NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.223-76...

48 CFR 1823.271 - NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. 1823.271 Section 1823.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Renewable Energy 1823.271 NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.223-76...

48 CFR 1823.271 - NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. 1823.271 Section 1823.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Renewable Energy 1823.271 NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.223-76...

48 CFR 1827.409-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1827.409-70 Section 1827.409-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....409-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall use the clause at 1852.227-86, Commercial...

48 CFR 1841.501-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1841.501-70 Section 1841.501-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1841.501-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.241-70...

48 CFR 1823.271 - NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. 1823.271 Section 1823.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Renewable Energy 1823.271 NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.223-76...

48 CFR 1841.501-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clause. 1841.501-70 Section 1841.501-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1841.501-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.241-70...

48 CFR 1832.111-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.111-70 Section 1832.111-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....111-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-79, Payment...

48 CFR 1823.271 - NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. 1823.271 Section 1823.271 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL... Renewable Energy 1823.271 NASA Solicitation provision and contract clause. Insert the clause at 1852.223-76...

48 CFR 1832.111-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.111-70 Section 1832.111-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....111-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-79, Payment...

48 CFR 1841.501-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1841.501-70 Section 1841.501-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1841.501-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.241-70...

48 CFR 1827.409-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true NASA contract clause. 1827.409-70 Section 1827.409-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....409-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall use the clause at 1852.227-86, Commercial...

48 CFR 1832.111-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.111-70 Section 1832.111-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....111-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-79, Payment...

48 CFR 1827.409-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1827.409-70 Section 1827.409-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....409-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall use the clause at 1852.227-86, Commercial...

48 CFR 1837.203-72 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1837.203-72 Section 1837.203-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.237-72, Access to...

48 CFR 1827.409-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1827.409-70 Section 1827.409-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....409-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall use the clause at 1852.227-86, Commercial...

48 CFR 1841.501-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1841.501-70 Section 1841.501-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1841.501-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.241-70...

48 CFR 1837.203-72 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1837.203-72 Section 1837.203-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.237-72, Access to...

48 CFR 1841.501-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1841.501-70 Section 1841.501-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... 1841.501-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.241-70...

48 CFR 1837.203-72 - NASA contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false NASA contract clauses. 1837.203-72 Section 1837.203-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE... NASA contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.237-72, Access to...

48 CFR 1832.111-70 - NASA contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false NASA contract clause. 1832.111-70 Section 1832.111-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE....111-70 NASA contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 1852.232-79, Payment...

48 CFR 512.301 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial items.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial items. 512.301 Section 512.301 Federal... ACQUISITION OF COMMERCIAL ITEMS Solicitation Provisions and Contract Clauses for the Acquisition of Commercial Items 512.301 Solicitation provisions and contract clauses for the acquisition of commercial items. (a...

48 CFR 229.402-70 - Additional clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... performance will be in Spain. (f) Use the clause at 252.229-7006, Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom.... (i) Use the clause at 252.229-7009, Relief from Customs Duty and Value Added Tax on Fuel (Passenger... SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS TAXES Contract Clauses 229.402-70...

48 CFR 229.402-70 - Additional clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... performance will be in Spain. (f) Use the clause at 252.229-7006, Value Added Tax Exclusion (United Kingdom.... (i) Use the clause at 252.229-7009, Relief from Customs Duty and Value Added Tax on Fuel (Passenger... SYSTEM, DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS TAXES Contract Clauses 229.402-70...

48 CFR 952.223-72 - Radiation protection and nuclear criticality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... nuclear criticality. 952.223-72 Section 952.223-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.223-72 Radiation protection and nuclear criticality. As prescribed in 923.7003 the clause set forth...

48 CFR 952.223-72 - Radiation protection and nuclear criticality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... nuclear criticality. 952.223-72 Section 952.223-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.223-72 Radiation protection and nuclear criticality. As prescribed in 923.7003 the clause set forth...

48 CFR 952.223-72 - Radiation protection and nuclear criticality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... nuclear criticality. 952.223-72 Section 952.223-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.223-72 Radiation protection and nuclear criticality. As prescribed in 923.7003 the clause set forth...

48 CFR 952.223-72 - Radiation protection and nuclear criticality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... nuclear criticality. 952.223-72 Section 952.223-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.223-72 Radiation protection and nuclear criticality. As prescribed in 923.7003 the clause set forth...

48 CFR 952.223-72 - Radiation protection and nuclear criticality.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... nuclear criticality. 952.223-72 Section 952.223-72 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 952.223-72 Radiation protection and nuclear criticality. As prescribed in 923.7003 the clause set forth...

48 CFR 2152.243-70 - Changes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Changes. 2152.243-70... CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 2152.243-70 Changes. As prescribed in 2143.205, insert the following clause: Changes (OCT 2005) (a) Except as provided in paragraph (f) of this clause, the Contracting...

48 CFR 904.404 - Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... provision and contract clause. (d) The security clauses to be used in DOE contracts are found at 952.204. They are: (1) Security, 952.204-2. This clause is required in contracts and subcontracts, the... materials or the provision of protective services. DOE utilizes the National Industrial Security Program but...

48 CFR 904.404 - Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... provision and contract clause. (d) The security clauses to be used in DOE contracts are found at 952.204. They are: (1) Security, 952.204-2. This clause is required in contracts and subcontracts, the... materials or the provision of protective services. DOE utilizes the National Industrial Security Program but...

48 CFR 904.404 - Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... provision and contract clause. (d) The security clauses to be used in DOE contracts are found at 952.204. They are: (1) Security, 952.204-2. This clause is required in contracts and subcontracts, the... materials or the provision of protective services. DOE utilizes the National Industrial Security Program but...

48 CFR 904.404 - Solicitation provision and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... provision and contract clause. (d) The security clauses to be used in DOE contracts are found at 952.204. They are: (1) Security, 952.204-2. This clause is required in contracts and subcontracts, the... materials or the provision of protective services. DOE utilizes the National Industrial Security Program but...

24 CFR 221.1 - Savings clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Savings clause. 221.1 Section 221.1... MORTGAGE AND LOAN INSURANCE PROGRAMS UNDER NATIONAL HOUSING ACT AND OTHER AUTHORITIES LOW COST AND MODERATE INCOME MORTGAGE INSURANCE-SAVINGS CLAUSE Eligibility Requirements-Low Cost Homes-Savings Clause § 221.1...

48 CFR 648.201 - Clauses for supply or service contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Clauses for supply or service contracts. 648.201 Section 648.201 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Contract Clauses 648.201 Clauses for supply or service contracts. The...

Government control over health-related not-for-profit organisations: Agency for International Development v. Alliance for Open Society International Inc 570 US_(2013).

PubMed

Vines, Tim; Donohoo, Angus M; Faunce, Thomas

2013-12-01

The relationship between government and the not-for-profit (NFP) sector has important implications for society, especially in relation to the delivery of public health measures and the protection of the environment. In key health-related areas such as provision of medical services, welfare, foreign aid and education, governments have traditionally preferred for the NFP sector to act as service partners, with the relationship mediated through grants or funding agreements. This service delivery arrangement is intended to provide a diversity of voices, and encourage volunteerism and altruism, in conjunction with the purposes and objectives of the relevant NGO. Under the pretence of "accountability", however, governments increasingly are seeking to impose intrusive conditions on grantees, which limit their ability to fulfil their mission and advocate on behalf of their constituents. This column examines the United States Supreme Court decision, Agency for International Development v Alliance for Open Society International Inc 570 US_(2013), and compares it to the removal of gag clauses in Australian federal funding rules. Recent national changes to the health-related NFP sector in Australia are then discussed, such as those found in the Charities Act 2013 (Cth) and the Not-for-Profit Sector Freedom to Advocate Act 2013 (Cth). These respectively include the establishment of the Australian Charities and Not-For-Profit Commission, the modernising of the definition of "charity" and statutory blocks on "gag" clauses. This analysis concludes with a survey of recent moves by Australian States to impose new restrictions on the ability of health-related NFPs to lobby against harmful government policy Among the responses considered is the protection afforded by s 51l(xxiiiA) of the Australian Constitution. This constitutional guarantee appears to have been focused historically on preventing medical and dental practitioners and related small businesses being practically coerced into government or large-scale private corporate operations. As such, it may prohibit civil conscription arising not only from "gag clauses" in managed care contracts, but also from "gag clauses" in governmental ideological controls over taxpayer-funded, health-related NFPs.

False belief and relative clauses in Autism Spectrum Disorders.

PubMed

Durrleman, Stephanie; Hinzen, Wolfram; Franck, Julie

Previous studies have suggested sentential complementation is the crucial ingredient of language that relates to false-belief (FB) reasoning, while the role of relative clauses (RCs) is less clear. Nevertheless, under the hypothesis that clausal embedding has a meta-representational effect, arguably implied in FB, one expects a link between FB and not only complementation but also relativization. Seventeen children with ASD (6 to 16 years, mean age 9;2) were assessed for RCs and FB. Comprehension of RCs significantly predicted FB performance, while none of the controlled factors played a predictive role (comprehension of simple sentences, vocabulary, morpho-syntax and working memory). Findings suggest that clausal embedding, common to both sentential complements and RCs, serves as a bootstrap for FB reasoning. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Task-dependency and structure-dependency in number interference effects in sentence comprehension

PubMed Central

Franck, Julie; Colonna, Saveria; Rizzi, Luigi

2015-01-01

We report three experiments on French that explore number mismatch effects in intervention configurations in the comprehension of object A’-dependencies, relative clauses and questions. The study capitalizes on the finding of object attraction in sentence production, in which speakers sometimes erroneously produce a verb that agrees in number with a plural object in object relative clauses. Evidence points to the role of three critical constructs from formal syntax: intervention, intermediate traces and c-command (Franck et al., 2010). Experiment 1, using a self-paced reading procedure on these grammatical structures with an agreement error on the verb, shows an enhancing effect of number mismatch in intervention configurations, with faster reading times with plural (mismatching) objects. Experiment 2, using an on-line grammaticality judgment task on the ungrammatical versions of these structures, shows an interference effect in the form of attraction, with slower response times with plural objects. Experiment 3 with a similar grammaticality judgment task shows stronger attraction from c-commanding than from preceding interveners. Overall, the data suggest that syntactic computations in performance refer to the same syntactic representations in production and comprehension, but that different tasks tap into different processes involved in parsing: whereas performance in self-paced reading reflects the intervention of the subject in the process of building an object A’-dependency, performance in grammaticality judgment reflects intervention of the object on the computation of the subject-verb agreement dependency. The latter shows the hallmarks of structure-dependent attraction effects in sentence production, in particular, a sensitivity to specific characteristics of hierarchical representations. PMID:25914652

48 CFR 48.103 - Processing value engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... engineering change proposals. 48.103 Section 48.103 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.103 Processing value engineering... Government are included in paragraphs (c) and (d) of the value engineering clauses prescribed in subpart 48.2...

48 CFR 48.103 - Processing value engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... engineering change proposals. 48.103 Section 48.103 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.103 Processing value engineering... Government are included in paragraphs (c) and (d) of the value engineering clauses prescribed in subpart 48.2...

48 CFR 48.103 - Processing value engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... engineering change proposals. 48.103 Section 48.103 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.103 Processing value engineering... Government are included in paragraphs (c) and (d) of the value engineering clauses prescribed in subpart 48.2...

48 CFR 48.103 - Processing value engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... engineering change proposals. 48.103 Section 48.103 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.103 Processing value engineering... Government are included in paragraphs (c) and (d) of the value engineering clauses prescribed in subpart 48.2...

48 CFR 48.103 - Processing value engineering change proposals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... engineering change proposals. 48.103 Section 48.103 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT VALUE ENGINEERING Policies and Procedures 48.103 Processing value engineering... Government are included in paragraphs (c) and (d) of the value engineering clauses prescribed in subpart 48.2...

48 CFR 52.234-1 - Industrial Resources Developed Under Defense Production Act Title III.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... materials, services, processes, or manufacturing equipment (including the processes, technologies, and... project contractor for testing and qualification of a Title III industrial resource to the Contracting... Contracting Officer modifies the contract to direct testing pursuant to this clause, the Government will...

48 CFR 552.107-70 - Provisions and clauses prescribed in subpart 552.1.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Provisions and clauses prescribed in subpart 552.1. 552.107-70 Section 552.107-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL... Using Provisions and Clauses 552.107-70 Provisions and clauses prescribed in subpart 552.1. (a) Insert...

41 CFR 109-45.301-51 - Export/import clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Export/import clause... § 109-45.301-51 Export/import clause. The following clause shall be included in all sales invitations.../import from/into the country where the personal property is located. If export/import is allowed, the...

Dependent Verbless Clause: Its Structure, Function and Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrlíková, Jarmila

2013-01-01

The term "clause" is not only applied to structures which comply with formal prerequisites, containing a subject and a predicate conveyed by a finite verb, but also to such structures which are analysable into clause elements. The verbless clause is a structure containing no verb element at all (either finite or nonfinite), usually…

48 CFR 216.203-4-70 - Additional clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... copper mill products. (1) The price adjustment clause at 252.216-7000, Economic Price Adjustment—Basic... figure in paragraph (d)(1) of the clause shall not be exceeded unless approval is obtained at a level... adjustment clause at 252.216-7001, Economic Price Adjustment—Nonstandard Steel Items, may be used in fixed...

48 CFR 216.203-4-70 - Additional clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... copper mill products. (1) The price adjustment clause at 252.216-7000, Economic Price Adjustment—Basic... figure in paragraph (d)(1) of the clause shall not be exceeded unless approval is obtained at a level... adjustment clause at 252.216-7001, Economic Price Adjustment—Nonstandard Steel Items, may be used in fixed...

48 CFR 1652.370 - Use of the matrix.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 true Use of the matrix. 1652.370... HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION CLAUSES AND FORMS CONTRACT CLAUSES FEHBP Clause Matrix 1652.370 Use of the matrix. (a) The matrix in this section lists the FAR and FEHBAR clauses to be used with...

48 CFR 352.228-7 - Insurance-liability to third persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... SERVICES CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 352... paragraph shall be in form and amount and for those periods as the Contracting Officer may require or... Cost and Payment clause of this contract. (g) If any suit or action is filed or any claim is made...

48 CFR 352.228-7 - Insurance-liability to third persons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... SERVICES CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Texts of Provisions and Clauses 352... paragraph shall be in form and amount and for those periods as the Contracting Officer may require or... Cost and Payment clause of this contract. (g) If any suit or action is filed or any claim is made...

48 CFR 519.7017 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... PROGRAMS SMALL BUSINESS PROGRAMS GSA Mentor-Protégé Program 519.7017 Contract clauses. (a) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 552.219-75, GSA Mentor-Protégé Program, in all unrestricted... small business protégé. (b) The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 552.219-76, Mentor...

48 CFR 234.203 - Solicitation provisions and contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... accordance with 234.201(1)(iii) and (iv)— (1) Use the provision at 252.234-7001, Notice of Earned Value... solicitation; and (2) Use the clause at 252.234-7002, Earned Value Management System, instead of the clause at... ACQUISITION Earned Value Management System 234.203 Solicitation provisions and contract clause. For cost or...

Syntactic and Semantic Coordination in Finite Complement-Clause Constructions: A Diary-Based Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Köymen, Bahar; Lieven, Elena; Brandt, Silke

2016-01-01

This study investigates the coordination of matrix and subordinate clauses within finite complement-clause constructions. The data come from diary and audio recordings which include the utterances produced by an American English-speaking child, L, between the ages 1;08 and 3;05. We extracted all the finite complement-clause constructions that L…

48 CFR 1252.216-70 - Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... subject to an economic price adjustment clause. 1252.216-70 Section 1252.216-70 Federal Acquisition... Text of Provisions and Clauses 1252.216-70 Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment... Subject to an Economic Price Adjustment Clause (OCT 1994) Offers shall be evaluated without an amount for...

48 CFR 1252.216-70 - Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... subject to an economic price adjustment clause. 1252.216-70 Section 1252.216-70 Federal Acquisition... Text of Provisions and Clauses 1252.216-70 Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment... Subject to an Economic Price Adjustment Clause (OCT 1994) Offers shall be evaluated without an amount for...

48 CFR 1252.216-70 - Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... subject to an economic price adjustment clause. 1252.216-70 Section 1252.216-70 Federal Acquisition... Text of Provisions and Clauses 1252.216-70 Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment... Subject to an Economic Price Adjustment Clause (OCT 1994) Offers shall be evaluated without an amount for...

48 CFR 3052.216-70 - Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... subject to an economic price adjustment clause. 3052.216-70 Section 3052.216-70 Federal Acquisition... Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment clause. As prescribed in (HSAR) 48 CFR 3016.203... Economic Price Adjustment Clause (JUN 2006) Offers shall be evaluated without adding an amount for an...

48 CFR 1252.216-70 - Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... subject to an economic price adjustment clause. 1252.216-70 Section 1252.216-70 Federal Acquisition... Text of Provisions and Clauses 1252.216-70 Evaluation of offers subject to an economic price adjustment... Subject to an Economic Price Adjustment Clause (OCT 1994) Offers shall be evaluated without an amount for...

The Construction of Stance in Reporting Clauses: A Cross-Disciplinary Study of Theses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charles, Maggie

2006-01-01

Using a corpus-based approach, this paper investigates the construction of stance in finite reporting clauses with "that"-clause complementation. The data are drawn from two corpora of theses in contrasting disciplines: a social science--politics--and a natural science--materials science. A network for the analysis of reporting clauses is…

78 FR 48404 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement: Clauses With Alternates-Contract Financing...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-08

... as well as the alternate. In addition, the proposed rule would include the full text of the clause.... The inclusion of the full text of each clause alternate aims to make the terms of a clause alternate... conditions easier to read and understand. By placing alternates in full text, all paragraph substitutions...

Santa Claus, Ga./Ind.

NASA Image and Video Library

2002-12-23

The towns of Santa Claus, Ga., (top) and Santa Claus, Ind. (bottom), are shown in these two images from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) instrument on NASA's Terra satellite. They are the only two Santa Claus towns in the United States with post offices and zip codes, although there are 11 towns with this name in the United States. Santa Claus, Ga. is located in Toombs County, and has a population of 237. Santa Claus, Ind. is located in Spencer County, and has a population of 2,041. Its name was accepted by the United States Postal Service in 1856. The images were acquired on July 3, 2000 (top) and June 16, 2001 (bottom), respectively. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA03891

Sex Discrimination as Public Policy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pottker, Janice; Fishel, Andrew

1974-01-01

Article examined the policy procedure that existed until struck down by the Supreme Court which made it a violation of the due process clause of the U. S. Constitution to promote discriminatory maternity leave policies. (RK)

48 CFR 242.503-2 - Post-award conference procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... contracts that include the clause at 252.234-7004, Cost and Software Data Reporting, postaward conferences shall include a discussion of the contractor's standard cost and software data reporting (CSDR) process...

48 CFR 242.503-2 - Post-award conference procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... contracts that include the clause at 252.234-7004, Cost and Software Data Reporting, postaward conferences shall include a discussion of the contractor's standard cost and software data reporting (CSDR) process...

48 CFR 242.503-2 - Post-award conference procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... contracts that include the clause at 252.234-7004, Cost and Software Data Reporting, postaward conferences shall include a discussion of the contractor's standard cost and software data reporting (CSDR) process...

The processing and comprehension of wh-questions among L2 German speakers

PubMed Central

Jackson, Carrie N.; Bobb, Susan C.

2009-01-01

Using the self-paced-reading paradigm, the present study examines whether highly proficient second language (L2) speakers of German (English L1) use case-marking information during the on-line comprehension of unambiguous wh-extractions, even when task demands do not draw explicit attention to this morphosyntactic feature in German. Results support previous findings, in that both the native and the L2 German speakers exhibited an immediate subject-preference in the matrix clause, suggesting they were sensitive to case-marking information. However, only among the native speakers did this subject-preference carry over to reading times in the complement clause. The results from the present study are discussed in light of current debates regarding the ability of L2 speakers to attain native-like processing strategies in their L2. PMID:20161006

When the Second Language Takes the Lead: Neurocognitive Processing Changes in the First Language of Adult Attriters

PubMed Central

Kasparian, Kristina; Steinhauer, Karsten

2017-01-01

Although research on multilingualism has revealed continued neuroplasticity for language-learning beyond what was previously expected, it remains controversial whether and to what extent a second language (L2) acquired in adulthood may induce changes in the neurocognitive processing of a first language (L1). First language (L1) attrition in adulthood offers new insight on neuroplasticity and the factors that modulate neurocognitive responses to language. To date, investigations of the neurocognitive correlates of L1 attrition and of factors influencing these mechanisms are still scarce. Moreover, most event-related-potential (ERP) studies of second language processing have focused on L1 influence on the L2, while cross-linguistic influence in the reverse direction has been underexplored. Using ERPs, we examined the real-time processing of Italian relative-clauses in 24 Italian-English adult migrants with predominant use of English since immigration and reporting attrition of their native-Italian (Attriters), compared to 30 non-attriting monolinguals in Italy (Controls). Our results showed that Attriters differed from Controls in their acceptability judgment ratings and ERP responses when relative clause constructions were ungrammatical in English, though grammatical in Italian. Controls’ ERP responses to unpreferred sentence constructions were consistent with garden path effects typically observed in the literature for these complex sentences. In contrast, due to L2-English influence, Attriters were less sensitive to semantic cues than to word-order preferences, and processed permissible Italian sentences as outright morphosyntactic violations. Key factors modulating processing differences within Attriters were the degree of maintained L1 exposure, length of residence in the L2 environment and L2 proficiency – with higher levels of L2 immersion and proficiency associated with increased L2 influence on the L1. To our knowledge, this is the first demonstration that high levels of L2 proficiency and exposure may render a grammatical sentence in one’s native language ungrammatical. These group differences strongly point to distinct processing strategies and provide evidence that even a “stabilized” L1 grammar is subject to change after a prolonged period of L2 immersion and reduced L1 use, especially in linguistic areas promoting cross-linguistic influence. PMID:28424634

15 CFR Supplement No. 13 to Part 760 - Interpretation

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... alters the effect of this clause. The effect is to draw the contractor into the decision-making process... service because of the presumed intrusion of boycott-based criteria into the selection process. Thus... selecting a single supplier or subcontractor for each element of the contract. The boycotting country buyer...

48 CFR 1603.7003 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION GENERAL IMPROPER BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Misleading, Deceptive, or Unfair Advertising 1603.7003 Contract clause. The clause at 1652.203-70...

48 CFR 239.7103 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Security and Privacy for Computer Systems 239.7103 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.239-7000, Protection...

48 CFR 239.7103 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Security and Privacy for Computer Systems 239.7103 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.239-7000, Protection...

48 CFR 239.7103 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Security and Privacy for Computer Systems 239.7103 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.239-7000, Protection...

48 CFR 239.7103 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Security and Privacy for Computer Systems 239.7103 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.239-7000, Protection...

48 CFR 239.7103 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... OF DEFENSE SPECIAL CATEGORIES OF CONTRACTING ACQUISITION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY Security and Privacy for Computer Systems 239.7103 Contract clauses. (a) Use the clause at 252.239-7000, Protection...

48 CFR 1827.409 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses. (NASA supplements paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (e...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... and contract clauses. (NASA supplements paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (i), and (k)) 1827.409... Solicitation provisions and contract clauses. (NASA supplements paragraph (a), (b), (c), (d), (e), (i), and (k.... (k)(i) The contracting officer shall add paragraph (e) as set forth in 1852.227-19(a) to the clause...

How MFN clauses used in the health care industry unreasonably restrain trade under the Sherman Act.

PubMed

Wright, Beth Ann

When used in the health care industry, an MFN clause is a contractual agreement that guarantees a health insurer the same best price as their market competitors. MFN clauses have the effect of unnecessarily raising consumer costs, reducing choice among providers, constraining access to care and preventing the development of alternative health care delivery models. The purpose of this paper is four-fold. First, to design a four-quadrant matrix to evaluate the pro-competitive and anticompetitive purposes and effects of MFN clauses under Section 1 of the Sherman Act. Second, to defeat the jurisprudential presumption that MFN clauses are pro-competitive in the health care industry and to recommend that this presumption be abolished. Third, to examine the U.S. Department of Justice's paradigmatic shift over the last decade toward prosecuting large insurers who employ MFN clauses resulting in U.S. Consent Decrees. Fourth, to outline the indicia of a meritorious claim against an insurer who employs an MFN clause.

48 CFR 904.7201 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MATTERS Public Affairs 904.7201 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 952.204-75, Public Affairs, in solicitations and contracts that require the contractor to release...

Locality and Word Order in Active Dependency Formation in Bangla

PubMed Central

Chacón, Dustin A.; Imtiaz, Mashrur; Dasgupta, Shirsho; Murshed, Sikder M.; Dan, Mina; Phillips, Colin

2016-01-01

Research on filler-gap dependencies has revealed that there are constraints on possible gap sites, and that real-time sentence processing is sensitive to these constraints. This work has shown that comprehenders have preferences for potential gap sites, and immediately detect when these preferences are not met. However, neither the mechanisms that select preferred gap sites nor the mechanisms used to detect whether these preferences are met are well-understood. In this paper, we report on three experiments in Bangla, a language in which gaps may occur in either a pre-verbal embedded clause or a post-verbal embedded clause. This word order variation allows us to manipulate whether the first gap linearly available is contained in the same clause as the filler, which allows us to dissociate structural locality from linear locality. In Experiment 1, an untimed ambiguity resolution task, we found a global bias to resolve a filler-gap dependency with the first gap linearly available, regardless of structural hierarchy. In Experiments 2 and 3, which use the filled-gap paradigm, we found sensitivity to disruption only when the blocked gap site is both structurally and linearly local, i.e., the filler and the gap site are contained in the same clause. This suggests that comprehenders may not show sensitivity to the disruption of all preferred gap resolutions. PMID:27610090

48 CFR 9.507-2 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Organizational and Consultant Conflicts of Interest 9.507-2 Contract clause. (a) If... a proposed clause that specifies both the nature and duration of the proposed restraint. The...

48 CFR 803.570-2 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Other Improper Business Practices 803.570-2 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 852.203-70, Commercial advertising, in...

48 CFR 503.570-2 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... BUSINESS PRACTICES AND PERSONAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST Other Improper Business Practices 503.570-2 Contract clause. Insert the clause at 552.203-71, Restriction on Advertising, in solicitations and contracts...

48 CFR 1649.101-71 - FEHBP termination for convenience clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 1649.101-71 FEHBP termination for convenience clause. The clause set forth in...

48 CFR 245.107 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... clause at 252.245-7000, Government-Furnished Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy Property, in solicitations and contracts when mapping, charting, and geodesy property is to be furnished. (2) Use the clause at...

48 CFR 245.107 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... clause at 252.245-7000, Government-Furnished Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy Property, in solicitations and contracts when mapping, charting, and geodesy property is to be furnished. (2) Use the clause at...

48 CFR 245.107 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... clause at 252.245-7000, Government-Furnished Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy Property, in solicitations and contracts when mapping, charting, and geodesy property is to be furnished. (2) Use the clause at...

48 CFR 52.222-19 - Child Labor-Cooperation with Authorities and Remedies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Text of Provisions and Clauses 52.222-19 Child Labor—Cooperation with Authorities and Remedies. As... Contractor uses forced or indentured child labor in its mining, production, or manufacturing processes. (4...

48 CFR 2146.270-1 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... EMPLOYEES GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Quality Requirements 2146.270-1 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.246-70 shall be inserted in all FEGLI...

48 CFR 2146.270-1 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... EMPLOYEES GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Quality Requirements 2146.270-1 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.246-70 shall be inserted in all FEGLI...

48 CFR 2146.270-1 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... EMPLOYEES GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Quality Requirements 2146.270-1 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.246-70 shall be inserted in all FEGLI...

48 CFR 2146.270-1 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... EMPLOYEES GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Quality Requirements 2146.270-1 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.246-70 shall be inserted in all FEGLI...

48 CFR 2146.270-1 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... EMPLOYEES GROUP LIFE INSURANCE FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Quality Requirements 2146.270-1 Contract clause. The clause at 2152.246-70 shall be inserted in all FEGLI...

48 CFR 552.219-73 - Goals for Subcontracting Plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ADMINISTRATION CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 552..., historical performance and significant achievements in placing subcontracts for the same or similar products...

48 CFR 1649.101-72 - FEHBP termination for default clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT FEDERAL EMPLOYEES HEALTH BENEFITS ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 1649.101-72 FEHBP termination for default clause. The clause set forth in 1652...

48 CFR 245.107 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... clause at 252.245-7000, Government-Furnished Mapping, Charting, and Geodesy Property, in solicitations andcontracts when mapping, charting, and geodesy property is to be furnished. (b) Use the clause at 252.245...

12 CFR 34.5 - Due-on-sale clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Due-on-sale clauses. 34.5 Section 34.5 Banks... General § 34.5 Due-on-sale clauses. A national bank may make or acquire a loan or interest therein, secured by a lien on real property, that includes a due-on-sale clause. Except as set forth in 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR 34.5 - Due-on-sale clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Due-on-sale clauses. 34.5 Section 34.5 Banks... General § 34.5 Due-on-sale clauses. A national bank may make or acquire a loan or interest therein, secured by a lien on real property, that includes a due-on-sale clause. Except as set forth in 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR 34.5 - Due-on-sale clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Due-on-sale clauses. 34.5 Section 34.5 Banks... General § 34.5 Due-on-sale clauses. A national bank may make or acquire a loan or interest therein, secured by a lien on real property, that includes a due-on-sale clause. Except as set forth in 12 U.S.C...

12 CFR Appendix B to Part 230 - Model Clauses and Sample Forms

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... for Change in Terms (Section 230.5(a)) B-3—Model Clauses for Pre-Maturity Notices for Time Accounts... avoid imposition of a fee will increase to $___. B-3—Model Clauses for Pre-Maturity Notices for Time... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Model Clauses and Sample Forms B Appendix B to...

Subjunctive and Sequence of Tense in Three Varieties of Spanish: Corpus and Experimental Studies of Change in Progress

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guajardo, Gustavo

2017-01-01

Spanish generally shows a Sequence of Tense (SOT) phenomenon in subjunctive clauses: the tense of the embedded clause (present or past) must agree with the tense of the matrix clause. It has been reported, however, that one kind of violation sometimes occurs, in which a present tense subjunctive clause is embedded under a past tense matrix clause…

12 CFR Appendix G to Part 226 - Open-End Model Forms and Clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G Appendix G... RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) TRUTH IN LENDING (REGULATION Z) Pt. 226, App. G Appendix G to Part 226—Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G-1Balance Computation Methods Model Clauses (Home-equity Plans) (§§ 226.6 and...

12 CFR Appendix G to Part 1026 - Open-End Model Forms and Clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G Appendix G...) Pt. 1026, App. G Appendix G to Part 1026—Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G-1Balance Computation Methods Model Clauses (Home-equity Plans) (§§ 1026.6 and 1026.7) G-1(A)Balance Computation Methods Model...

12 CFR Appendix G to Part 1026 - Open-End Model Forms and Clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 8 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G Appendix G...) Pt. 1026, App. G Appendix G to Part 1026—Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G-1Balance Computation Methods Model Clauses (Home-equity Plans) (§§ 1026.6 and 1026.7) G-1(A)Balance Computation Methods Model...

12 CFR Appendix G to Part 1026 - Open-End Model Forms and Clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 9 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G Appendix G...) Pt. 1026, App. G Appendix G to Part 1026—Open-End Model Forms and Clauses G-1Balance Computation Methods Model Clauses (Home-equity Plans) (§§ 1026.6 and 1026.7) G-1(A)Balance Computation Methods Model...

12 CFR Appendix H to Part 226 - Closed-End Model Forms and Clauses

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2018-01-01

... Payment Summary Model Clause (§ 226.18(s)) H-4(F)—Adjustable-Rate Mortgage or Step-Rate Mortgage Interest Rate and Payment Summary Model Clause (§ 226.18(s)) H-4(G)—Mortgage with Negative Amortization Interest Rate and Payment Summary Model Clause (§ 226.18(s)) H-4(H)—Fixed-Rate Mortgage with Interest-Only...

48 CFR 2009.570-5 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Organizational Conflicts of Interest 2009.570-5... prohibit the acceptance of production contracts following a related non-production contract previously...

48 CFR 2009.570-5 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Organizational Conflicts of Interest 2009.570-5... prohibit the acceptance of production contracts following a related non-production contract previously...

48 CFR 2009.570-5 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Organizational Conflicts of Interest 2009.570-5... prohibit the acceptance of production contracts following a related non-production contract previously...

48 CFR 2009.570-5 - Contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION PLANNING CONTRACTOR QUALIFICATIONS Organizational Conflicts of Interest 2009.570-5... prohibit the acceptance of production contracts following a related non-production contract previously...

48 CFR 1022.7000 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... MINORITY AND WOMEN INCLUSION Fair inclusion of minorities and women 1022.7000 Contract clause. Insert the clause at 1052.222-70, Minority and Women Inclusion, in all solicitations and contracts in support of...

48 CFR 10.003 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MARKET RESEARCH 10.003 Contract clause. The contracting officer shall insert the clause at 52.210-1, Market Research, in solicitations and contracts over $5 million for the procurement of items other than...

48 CFR 370.404 - Contract clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Contract clause. The Contracting Officer shall insert the clause in 352.270-5(b), Care of Live Vertebrate Animals, in solicitations, contracts, and orders that involve live vertebrate animals. [75 FR 21512, Apr...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 229 - Model Availability Policy Disclosures, Clauses, and Notices; Model Substitute Check Policy...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... in different states or check processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our... processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our employees, funds from the following... Your Rights What Is a Substitute Check? To make check processing faster, federal law permits banks to...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 229 - Model Availability Policy Disclosures, Clauses, and Notices; Model Substitute Check Policy...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... in different states or check processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our... processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our employees, funds from the following... Your Rights What Is a Substitute Check? To make check processing faster, federal law permits banks to...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 229 - Model Availability Policy Disclosures, Clauses, and Notices; Model Substitute Check Policy...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... in different states or check processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our... processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our employees, funds from the following... Your Rights What Is a Substitute Check? To make check processing faster, federal law permits banks to...

12 CFR Appendix C to Part 229 - Model Availability Policy Disclosures, Clauses, and Notices; Model Substitute Check Policy...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our employees, funds from the following... in different states or check processing regions)]. If you make the deposit in person to one of our...] Substitute Checks and Your Rights What Is a Substitute Check? To make check processing faster, federal law...

Can we restore the fire process? What awaits us if we don't?

Treesearch

R. Gordon Schmidt

1996-01-01

This paper's title - "Can we restore the fire process? What awaits us if we don't?" - represents an ecologist's view of the world. I submit that this view is unrealistic. The first clause uses the term "restore" which implies reestablishing the fire process of the past. The second phrase uses the absolute term "don't"...

48 CFR 846.302-70 - Guarantee clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-70 Guarantee clause. (a) The contracting officer shall... installation shall be borne by the Government. Where it is industry policy to guarantee components for the life...

48 CFR 846.302-70 - Guarantee clause.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Contract Clauses 846.302-70 Guarantee clause. (a) The contracting officer shall... installation shall be borne by the Government. Where it is industry policy to guarantee components for the life...

48 CFR 1352.228-76 - Approval of group insurance plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... COMMERCE CLAUSES AND FORMS SOLICITATION PROVISIONS AND CONTRACT CLAUSES Text of Provisions and Clauses 1352... Officer. Any change in benefits provided under an approved plan that can reasonably be expected to...