Goal preference shapes confrontations of sexism.

PubMed

Mallett, Robyn K; Melchiori, Kala J

2014-05-01

Although most women assume they would confront sexism, assertive responses are rare. We test whether women's preference for respect or liking during interpersonal interactions explains this surprising tendency. Women report preferring respect relative to liking after being asked sexist, compared with inappropriate, questions during a virtual job interview (Study 1, n = 149). Women's responses to sexism increase in assertiveness along with their preference for being respected, and a respect-preference mediates the relation between the type of questions and response assertiveness (Studies 1 and 2). In Study 2 (n = 105), women's responses to sexist questions are more assertive when the sense of belonging is enhanced with a belonging manipulation. Moreover, preference for respect mediates the effect of the type of questions on response assertiveness, but only when belonging needs are met. Thus the likelihood of confrontation depends on the goal to be respected outweighing the goal to be liked.

Inelastic compaction, dilation and hysteresis of sandstones under hydrostatic conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shalev, Eyal; Lyakhovsky, Vladimir; Ougier-Simonin, Audrey; Hamiel, Yariv; Zhu, Wenlu

2014-05-01

Sandstones display non-linear and inelastic behaviour such as hysteresis when subjected to cyclic loading. We present three hydrostatic compaction experiments with multiple loading-unloading cycles on Berea and Darley Dale sandstones and explain their hysteretic behaviour using non-linear inelastic compaction and dilation. Each experiment included eight to nine loading-unloading cycles with increasing maximum pressure in each subsequent cycle. Different pressure-volumetric strain relations during loading and unloading were observed. During the first cycles, under relatively low pressures, not all of the volumetric strain is recovered at the end of each cycle whereas at the last cycles, under relatively high pressures, the strain is recovered and the pressure-volumetric strain hysteresis loops are closed. The observed pressure-volumetric strain relations are non-linear and the effective bulk modulus of the sandstones changes between cycles. Observations are modelled with two inelastic deformation processes: irreversible compaction caused by changes in grain packing and recoverable compaction associated with grain contact adhesion, frictional sliding on grains or frictional sliding on cracks. The irreversible compaction is suggested to reflect rearrangement of grains into a more compact mode as the maximum pressure increases. Our model describes the `inelastic compaction envelope' in which sandstone sample will follow during hydrostatic loading. Irreversible compaction occurs when pressure is greater than a threshold value defined by the `inelastic compaction envelope'.

How do roll compaction/dry granulation affect the tableting behaviour of inorganic materials? Comparison of four magnesium carbonates.

PubMed

Freitag, Franziska; Kleinebudde, Peter

2003-07-01

The effect of roll compaction/dry granulation on the particle and bulk material characteristics of different magnesium carbonates was evaluated. The flowability of all materials could be improved, even by the application of low specific compaction forces. The tablet properties made of powder and dry granulated magnesium carbonate were compared. Roll compaction/dry granulation resulted in a modified compactibility of the material and, consequently, tablets with reduced tensile strength. The higher relative tap density of the compacted material does not allow a densification to the same extent as the uncompacted powder. The degree of densification during tableting can be expressed as the ratio of the relative tablet density to the relative tap density of the feed material. Increasing the specific compaction forces resulted in higher apparent mean yield pressure, gained from Heckel plots, of all materials analysed. The partial loss of compactibility leads to the demand of low loads during roll compaction. Comparing the tablet properties of different magnesium carbonates reveals an obvious capping disposition. However, it depends on the type of magnesium carbonate, the specific compaction force and also on the tableting force applied.

Compact Stars in Eddington-inspired Born-Infeld Gravity and General Relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sham, Yu Hin

In this thesis we apply the Eddington inspired Born-Infeld (EiBI) gravity to study the structure and the properties of compact stars. The hydrostatic equilibrium structure of compact stars characterized by different equations of state (EOSs) is considered and it is found that EiBI gravity can lead to different new features that are not found in standard general relativity (GR). A unified framework to study radial perturbations and the stability of compact stars in this theory is also developed. As in the GR case, the frequency- square of the fundamental oscillation mode vanishes for the maximum mass stellar configuration. Also, the oscillation modes depend on the parameter kappa introduced in EiBI gravity and the dependence is stronger for higher-order modes. We also discover that EiBI gravity imposes certain constraints on the EOSs that allow physical stable equilibrium states of compact stars to exist. However, such constraints are unphysical as the validity of an EOS should be independent of the theory of gravity, hinting that EiBI gravity needs to be modified. On the other hand, we demonstrate that two universal relations of compact stars, namely the I-Love-Q relation, which relates the moment of intertia, the tidal Love number and the quadrupole moment of compact stars, and the f-I relation, which links the f-mode oscillation frequency and the moment of inertia of compact stars together, still hold in EiBI gravity within the observational bounds of kappa. The origin of the two universal relations is then studied and it is found that a stiff EOS at the core of the compact star guarantees the universality. The two universal relations are further extended and universal relations relating the multipolar f-mode oscillation frequency and the corresponding multipolar tidal Love number, which can be derived analytically in the Newtonian limit for stars with sufficiently stiff EOSs, are found.

An uncertainty principle for unimodular quantum groups

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crann, Jason; Université Lille 1 - Sciences et Technologies, UFR de Mathématiques, Laboratoire de Mathématiques Paul Painlevé - UMR CNRS 8524, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cédex; Kalantar, Mehrdad, E-mail: jason-crann@carleton.ca, E-mail: mkalanta@math.carleton.ca

2014-08-15

We present a generalization of Hirschman's entropic uncertainty principle for locally compact Abelian groups to unimodular locally compact quantum groups. As a corollary, we strengthen a well-known uncertainty principle for compact groups, and generalize the relation to compact quantum groups of Kac type. We also establish the complementarity of finite-dimensional quantum group algebras. In the non-unimodular setting, we obtain an uncertainty relation for arbitrary locally compact groups using the relative entropy with respect to the Haar weight as the measure of uncertainty. We also show that when restricted to q-traces of discrete quantum groups, the relative entropy with respect tomore » the Haar weight reduces to the canonical entropy of the random walk generated by the state.« less

Age-Related Deficits in Auditory Confrontation Naming

PubMed Central

Hanna-Pladdy, Brenda; Choi, Hyun

2015-01-01

The naming of manipulable objects in older and younger adults was evaluated across auditory, visual, and multisensory conditions. Older adults were less accurate and slower in naming across conditions, and all subjects were more impaired and slower to name action sounds than pictures or audiovisual combinations. Moreover, there was a sensory by age group interaction, revealing lower accuracy and increased latencies in auditory naming for older adults unrelated to hearing insensitivity but modest improvement to multisensory cues. These findings support age-related deficits in object action naming and suggest that auditory confrontation naming may be more sensitive than visual naming. PMID:20677880

Hamburger hazards and emotions.

PubMed

Olsen, Nina Veflen; Røssvoll, Elin; Langsrud, Solveig; Scholderer, Joachim

2014-07-01

Previous studies indicate that many consumers eat rare hamburgers and that information about microbiological hazards related to undercooked meat not necessarily leads to more responsible behavior. With this study we aim to investigate whether consumers' willingness to eat hamburgers depends on the emotions they experience when confronted with the food. A representative sample of 1046 Norwegian consumers participated in an online experiment. In the first part, participants were randomly divided into two groups. One group was confronted with a picture of a rare hamburger, whereas the other group was confronted with a picture of a well-done hamburger. The respondents were instructed to imagine that they were served the hamburger on the picture and then to indicate which emotions they experienced: fear, disgust, surprise, interest, pleasure, or none of these. In part two, all respondents were confronted with four pictures of hamburgers cooked to different degrees of doneness (rare, medium rare, medium well-done, well-done), and were asked to state their likelihood of eating. We analyzed the data by means of a multivariate probit model and two linear fixed-effect models. The results show that confrontation with rare hamburgers evokes more fear and disgust than confrontation with well-done hamburgers, that all hamburgers trigger pleasure and interest, and that a consumer's willingness to eat rare hamburgers depends on the particular type of emotion evoked. These findings indicate that emotions play an important role in a consumer's likelihood of eating risky food, and should be considered when developing food safety strategies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Who Receives Confrontation in Recovery Houses and when is it Experienced as Supportive?

PubMed Central

Polcin, Douglas L.

2008-01-01

The Alcohol and Drug Confrontation Scale (ADCS) is a 72-item instrument that measures a construct of confrontation defined as warnings about potential harm associated with alcohol and drug use. This analysis describes the characteristics of individuals entering residential recovery homes (N=323) who received confrontation and when it was experienced as supportive. A large proportion reported receiving at least one confrontational statement (80%), most commonly from family/friends (71%). Individuals who did and did not receive confrontation did not differ by demographics, but those receiving confrontation had more recent substance use, higher perceived costs of sobriety and more severe family and psychiatric problems. Differences were noted in confrontation from the criminal justice system versus family/friends. Overall, residents experienced confrontation as supportive regardless of who confronted them. Residents who experienced confrontation the most helpful were those with higher levels of substance use and those who believed maintaining sobriety would be difficult. PMID:20011678

Differences in Flower Transcriptome between Grapevine Clones Are Related to Their Cluster Compactness, Fruitfulness, and Berry Size

PubMed Central

Grimplet, Jérôme; Tello, Javier; Laguna, Natalia; Ibáñez, Javier

2017-01-01

Grapevine cluster compactness has a clear impact on fruit quality and health status, as clusters with greater compactness are more susceptible to pests and diseases and ripen more asynchronously. Different parameters related to inflorescence and cluster architecture (length, width, branching, etc.), fruitfulness (number of berries, number of seeds) and berry size (length, width) contribute to the final level of compactness. From a collection of 501 clones of cultivar Garnacha Tinta, two compact and two loose clones with stable differences for cluster compactness-related traits were selected and phenotyped. Key organs and developmental stages were selected for sampling and transcriptomic analyses. Comparison of global gene expression patterns in flowers at the end of bloom allowed identification of potential gene networks with a role in determining the final berry number, berry size and ultimately cluster compactness. A large portion of the differentially expressed genes were found in networks related to cell division (carbohydrates uptake, cell wall metabolism, cell cycle, nucleic acids metabolism, cell division, DNA repair). Their greater expression level in flowers of compact clones indicated that the number of berries and the berry size at ripening appear related to the rate of cell replication in flowers during the early growth stages after pollination. In addition, fluctuations in auxin and gibberellin signaling and transport related gene expression support that they play a central role in fruit set and impact berry number and size. Other hormones, such as ethylene and jasmonate may differentially regulate indirect effects, such as defense mechanisms activation or polyphenols production. This is the first transcriptomic based analysis focused on the discovery of the underlying gene networks involved in grapevine traits of grapevine cluster compactness, berry number and berry size. PMID:28496449

Differences in Flower Transcriptome between Grapevine Clones Are Related to Their Cluster Compactness, Fruitfulness, and Berry Size.

PubMed

Grimplet, Jérôme; Tello, Javier; Laguna, Natalia; Ibáñez, Javier

2017-01-01

Grapevine cluster compactness has a clear impact on fruit quality and health status, as clusters with greater compactness are more susceptible to pests and diseases and ripen more asynchronously. Different parameters related to inflorescence and cluster architecture (length, width, branching, etc.), fruitfulness (number of berries, number of seeds) and berry size (length, width) contribute to the final level of compactness. From a collection of 501 clones of cultivar Garnacha Tinta, two compact and two loose clones with stable differences for cluster compactness-related traits were selected and phenotyped. Key organs and developmental stages were selected for sampling and transcriptomic analyses. Comparison of global gene expression patterns in flowers at the end of bloom allowed identification of potential gene networks with a role in determining the final berry number, berry size and ultimately cluster compactness. A large portion of the differentially expressed genes were found in networks related to cell division (carbohydrates uptake, cell wall metabolism, cell cycle, nucleic acids metabolism, cell division, DNA repair). Their greater expression level in flowers of compact clones indicated that the number of berries and the berry size at ripening appear related to the rate of cell replication in flowers during the early growth stages after pollination. In addition, fluctuations in auxin and gibberellin signaling and transport related gene expression support that they play a central role in fruit set and impact berry number and size. Other hormones, such as ethylene and jasmonate may differentially regulate indirect effects, such as defense mechanisms activation or polyphenols production. This is the first transcriptomic based analysis focused on the discovery of the underlying gene networks involved in grapevine traits of grapevine cluster compactness, berry number and berry size.

The Science and Technology Case for High-Field Fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Whyte, D.

2017-10-01

This review will focus on the origin, development and new opportunities of a strategy for fusion energy based on the high-field approach. In this approach confinement devices are designed at the maximum possible value of vacuum magnetic field strength, B. The integrated electrical, mechanical and cooling engineering challenges of high-field on coil (Bcoil) , large-bore electromagnets are examined for both copper and superconductor materials. These engineering challenges are confronted because of the profound science advantages provided by high-B, which are derived and reviewed: high fusion power density, B4, in compact devices, thermonuclear plasmas with significant stability margin, and, in tokamaks, access to higher plasma density. Two distinct high-field strategies emerged in the 1980's. The first was compact, cryogenically-cooled copper devices (BPX, IGNITOR, FIRE) with Bcoil>20 T, while the second was a large-volume, Nb3Sn superconductor device with Bcoil <12 T; with the second path exclusively chosen ca. 2000 with the ITER construction decision. The reasoning, advantages and challenges of that decision are discussed. Yet since that decision, a new opportunity has arisen: compact, Rare Earth Barium Copper Oxide (REBCO) superconductor-based devices with Bcoil >20 T; a strategy that essentially combines the best components of the two previous strategies. Recent activities examining the technology and science implications of this new strategy are reviewed. On the technology side, REBCO superconductors have now been used to produce Bcoil>40 T in small-bore electromagnets, enabled by rapid progress in manufactured REBCO conductor quality, coil modularity and flexible operating temperature range. Specific tokamak designs, over a range of aspect ratios, have been developed to take scientific advantage of these features in various ways, and will be described.

Perceiving and Confronting Sexism: The Causal Role of Gender Identity Salience.

PubMed

Wang, Katie; Dovidio, John F

2017-03-01

Although many researchers have explored the relations among gender identification, discriminatory attributions, and intentions to challenge discrimination, few have examined the causal impact of gender identity salience on women's actual responses to a sexist encounter. In the current study, we addressed this question by experimentally manipulating the salience of gender identity and assessing its impact on women's decision to confront a sexist comment in a simulated online interaction. Female participants ( N = 114) were randomly assigned to complete a short measure of either personal or collective self-esteem, which was designed to increase the salience of personal versus gender identity. They were then given the opportunity to confront a male interaction partner who expressed sexist views. Compared to those who were primed to focus on their personal identity, participants who were primed to focus on their gender identity perceived the interaction partner's remarks as more sexist and were more likely to engage in confrontation. By highlighting the powerful role of subtle contextual cues in shaping women's perceptions of, and responses to, sexism, our findings have important implications for the understanding of gender identity salience as an antecedent of prejudice confrontation. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ's website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index.

The continuum limit of aN-1(2) spin chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vernier, Eric; Jacobsen, Jesper Lykke; Saleur, Hubert

2016-10-01

Building on our previous work for a2(2) and a3(2) we explore systematically the continuum limit of gapless aN-1(2) vertex models and spin chains. We find the existence of three possible regimes. Regimes I and II for a2n-1(2) are related with a2n-1(2) Toda, and described by n compact bosons. Regime I for a2n(2) is related with a2n(2) Toda and involves n compact bosons, while regime II is related instead with B(1) (0 , n) super Toda, and involves in addition a single Majorana fermion. The most interesting is regime III, where non-compact degrees of freedom appear, generalising the emergence of the Euclidean black hole CFT in the a2(2) case. For a2n(2) we find a continuum limit made of n compact and n non-compact bosons, while for a2n-1(2) we find n compact and n - 1 non-compact bosons. We also find deep relations between aN-1(2) in regime III and the gauged WZW models SO (N) / SO (N - 1).

Important Learnings for Reliable Management of Hydrocarbon Production and Salt Solution Mining induced Subsidence from Case Histories in the Netherlands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Waal, H. D.; Muntendam-Bos, A.; Breunese, J.; Roest, H.; Fokker, P. A.

2012-12-01

Reliable management of subsidence caused by hydrocarbon production and salt solution mining is important for a country like the Netherlands where most land surface is below or near sea level. However, a factor two difference between prediction and observation is not uncommon. To nevertheless ensure a high probability that subsidence is kept within the limits an area can robustly sustain, a tightly integrated prediction/monitoring/updating loop is applied. Prior to production, scenario's spanning the range of parameter and model uncertainties are generated to calculate possible subsidence outcomes. The probability of each scenario is updated over time through confrontation with measurements (e.g. using Bayesian statistics) as they become available. Production can thus be halted or adjusted timely if probabilities start to indicate an unacceptable risk of exceeding set limits now or in the future. A number of projects with well documented, high quality prediction and monitoring were started in the Netherlands in the second half of the previous century. They provide quality case histories covering multi-decade production periods from which important learnings have been been extracted. Firstly, from the data it is clear that sandstone reservoir compaction is not a linear function of pressure depletion. Initially the rock in the field compacts much less than expected based on standard lab measurements. As pressure drops further, compaction gradually increases, reaching and exceeding lab values. Various mechanisms could be responsible: delayed compaction in lower permeability/poorly connected parts of the reservoir or aquifers; intrinsic non-linear, time-dependent, rate-type or diffusive behavior of the reservoir rock; previous deeper burial or increasing overpressure over geological time. The observed field behavior is described reasonably well by a single exponential time decay model. The non-linear and/or time-dependent field behavior has to be accounted for when updating predictions based on early field data. Otherwise it leads to under-prediction of subsidence, followed by multiple upward adjustments as new data become available. Secondly, the large difference between lab and field loading rate results in late time field compressibilities that can be 20 to 30% higher then the lab data. For chalk reservoirs the difference in loading rate causes much earlier pore collapse in the field. These effects need and can be accounted for. Thirdly, the case histories show that the shape of the subsidence bowl changes over time. The bowl shape becomes steeper in time for hydrocarbon extraction and flatter in the case of salt extraction. This is believed to be related to the changing elasticity contrast between the compacting volume and its surroundings as the reservoir compressibility increases and surrounding salt layers start to creep. The observed shape changes can be modeled numerically or by a varying rigid basement depth in the analytical van Opstal model. Not accounting for it can result in large subsidence allocation errors where salt mining and hydrocarbon production bowls overlap.

Critical neuropsychobiological analysis of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents confronted with snakes in polygonal arenas and complex labyrinths: a comparison to the elevated plus- and T-maze behavioral tests.

PubMed

Coimbra, Norberto C; Paschoalin-Maurin, Tatiana; Bassi, Gabriel S; Kanashiro, Alexandre; Biagioni, Audrey F; Felippotti, Tatiana T; Elias-Filho, Daoud H; Mendes-Gomes, Joyce; Cysne-Coimbra, Jade P; Almada, Rafael C; Lobão-Soares, Bruno

2017-01-01

To compare prey and snake paradigms performed in complex environments to the elevated plus-maze (EPM) and T-maze (ETM) tests for the study of panic attack- and anticipatory anxiety-like behaviors in rodents. PubMed was reviewed in search of articles focusing on the plus maze test, EPM, and ETM, as well as on defensive behaviors displayed by threatened rodents. In addition, the authors' research with polygonal arenas and complex labyrinth (designed by the first author for confrontation between snakes and small rodents) was examined. The EPM and ETM tests evoke anxiety/fear-related defensive responses that are pharmacologically validated, whereas the confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas with or without shelters or in the complex labyrinth offers ethological conditions for studying more complex defensive behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs. Prey vs. predator paradigms also allow discrimination between non-oriented and oriented escape behavior. Both EPM and ETM simple labyrinths are excellent apparatuses for the study of anxiety- and instinctive fear-related responses, respectively. The confrontation between rodents and snakes in polygonal arenas, however, offers a more ethological environment for addressing both unconditioned and conditioned fear-induced behaviors and the effects of anxiolytic and panicolytic drugs.

What happens after prejudice is confronted in the workplace? How mindsets affect minorities' and women's outlook on future social relations.

PubMed

Rattan, Aneeta; Dweck, Carol S

2018-06-01

Organizations are increasingly concerned with fostering successful diversity. Toward this end, diversity research has focused on trying to reduce prejudice and biased behavior. But what happens when prejudice in the workplace inevitably occurs? Research also needs to focus on whether recovery and repair of social relations after expressions of prejudice are possible. To begin investigating this question, we develop a new framework for understanding reactions to prejudice in the workplace. We hypothesized that when women and minorities choose to confront a prejudiced comment in a workplace interaction (vs. remain silent) and hold a growth (vs. fixed) mindset-the belief that others can change-they remain more positive in their subsequent outlook in the workplace. Studies 1a, 1b, and 2 used hypothetical workplace scenarios to expose participants to someone who expressed bias; Study 3 ensured real-world relevance by eliciting retrospective accounts of workplace bias from African American employees. Across studies, women and minorities who confronted the perpetrator of prejudice exhibited more positive subsequent expectations of that coworker when they held a growth mindset. It is important that these more positive expectations were associated with reports of greater workplace belonging (Study 2), ratings of improved relations with coworkers who had displayed bias (Study 3), and greater workplace satisfaction (Studies 2-3). Thus, a growth mindset contributes to successful workplace diversity by protecting women's and minorities' outlook when they opt to confront expressions of bias. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2018 APA, all rights reserved).

Massive stars in advanced evolutionary stages, and the progenitor of GW150914

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamann, Wolf-Rainer; Oskinova, Lidia; Todt, Helge; Sander, Andreas; Hainich, Rainer; Shenar, Tomer; Ramachandran, Varsha

2017-11-01

The recent discovery of a gravitational wave from the merging of two black holes of about 30 solar masses each challenges our incomplete understanding of massive stars and their evolution. Critical ingredients comprise mass-loss, rotation, magnetic fields, internal mixing, and mass transfer in close binary systems. The imperfect knowledge of these factors implies large uncertainties for models of stellar populations and their feedback. In this contribution we summarize our empirical studies of Wolf-Rayet populations at different metallicities by means of modern non-LTE stellar atmosphere models, and confront these results with the predictions of stellar evolution models. At the metallicity of our Galaxy, stellar winds are probably too strong to leave remnant masses as high as ~30 M⊙, but given the still poor agreement between evolutionary tracks and observation even this conclusion is debatable. At the low metallicity of the Small Magellanic Cloud, all WN stars which are (at least now) single are consistent with evolving quasi-homogeneously. O and B-type stars, in contrast, seem to comply with standard evolutionary models without strong internal mixing. Close binaries which avoided early merging could evolve quasi-homogeneously and lead to close compact remnants of relatively high masses that merge within a Hubble time.

A visually guided collision warning system with a neuromorphic architecture.

PubMed

Okuno, Hirotsugu; Yagi, Tetsuya

2008-12-01

We have designed a visually guided collision warning system with a neuromorphic architecture, employing an algorithm inspired by the visual nervous system of locusts. The system was implemented with mixed analog-digital integrated circuits consisting of an analog resistive network and field-programmable gate array (FPGA) circuits. The resistive network processes the interaction between the laterally spreading excitatory and inhibitory signals instantaneously, which is essential for real-time computation of collision avoidance with a low power consumption and a compact hardware. The system responded selectively to approaching objects of simulated movie images at close range. The system was, however, confronted with serious noise problems due to the vibratory ego-motion, when it was installed in a mobile miniature car. To overcome this problem, we developed the algorithm, which is also installable in FPGA circuits, in order for the system to respond robustly during the ego-motion.

Nuclear fuel particles and method of making nuclear fuel compacts therefrom

DOEpatents

DeVelasco, Rubin I.; Adams, Charles C.

1991-01-01

Methods for making nuclear fuel compacts exhibiting low heavy metal contamination and fewer defective coatings following compact fabrication from a mixture of hardenable binder, such as petroleum pitch, and nuclear fuel particles having multiple layer fission-product-retentive coatings, with the dense outermost layer of the fission-product-retentive coating being surrounded by a protective overcoating, e.g., pyrocarbon having a density between about 1 and 1.3 g/cm.sup.3. Such particles can be pre-compacted in molds under relatively high pressures and then combined with a fluid binder which is ultimately carbonized to produce carbonaceous nuclear fuel compacts having relatively high fuel loadings.

Na+ Shows a Markedly Higher Potential than K+ in DNA Compaction in a Crowded Environment

PubMed Central

Zinchenko, Anatoly A.; Yoshikawa, Kenichi

2005-01-01

Whereas many physicochemical investigations have shown that among monovalent cations Na+ ion possesses minimal potential for DNA binding, biological assays have shown that Na+ ion (in contrast to K+ ion) plays a primary role in chromatin compaction and related processes. It is difficult to explain this inverse relationship between the compaction potentials of Na+ and K+ and their binding abilities. In this study we sought to resolve this contradiction and emphasize the phenomenological distinction between DNA compaction and DNA binding processes in the case of DNA compaction by monocations. Using polyethylene glycol solutions as a model of a crowded cell environment, we studied DNA compaction by alkali metal salts LiCl, NaCl, KCl, RbCl, and CsCl, and found that all of these monocations promote DNA compaction. Among these monovalent cations Na+ produces the greatest compaction and the ratio of K+ cand Na+ oncentrations for DNA compaction is ∼1.5–2. A comparative analysis of recent experimental results indicates that a higher binding activity of monocation generally corresponds to a low compaction potential of the corresponding monovalent ion. This inverse relation is explained as a result of partial dehydration of monocations in the compact state. PMID:15778438

Perceiving and Confronting Sexism: The Causal Role of Gender Identity Salience

PubMed Central

Wang, Katie; Dovidio, John F.

2017-01-01

Although many researchers have explored the relations among gender identification, discriminatory attributions, and intentions to challenge discrimination, few have examined the causal impact of gender identity salience on women’s actual responses to a sexist encounter. In the current study, we addressed this question by experimentally manipulating the salience of gender identity and assessing its impact on women’s decision to confront a sexist comment in a simulated online interaction. Female participants (N = 114) were randomly assigned to complete a short measure of either personal or collective self-esteem, which was designed to increase the salience of personal versus gender identity. They were then given the opportunity to confront a male interaction partner who expressed sexist views. Compared to those who were primed to focus on their personal identity, participants who were primed to focus on their gender identity perceived the interaction partner’s remarks as more sexist and were more likely to engage in confrontation. By highlighting the powerful role of subtle contextual cues in shaping women’s perceptions of, and responses to, sexism, our findings have important implications for the understanding of gender identity salience as an antecedent of prejudice confrontation. Online slides for instructors who want to use this article for teaching are available on PWQ’s website at http://journals.sagepub.com/page/pwq/suppl/index. PMID:29051685

Mechanics of Ballast Compaction. Volume 1 : Technical Review of Ballast Compaction and Related Topics

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1982-03-01

The purpose of the research program on the mechanics of ballast compaction is to determine the influence of mechanical compaction on the ballast physical state and its consequence on the performance of the track structure. This report, which is one o...

The four-meter confrontation visual field test.

PubMed Central

Kodsi, S R; Younge, B R

1992-01-01

The 4-m confrontation visual field test has been successfully used at the Mayo Clinic for many years in addition to the standard 0.5-m confrontation visual field test. The 4-m confrontation visual field test is a test of macular function and can identify small central or paracentral scotomas that the examiner may not find when the patient is tested only at 0.5 m. Also, macular sparing in homonymous hemianopias and quadrantanopias may be identified with the 4-m confrontation visual field test. We recommend use of this confrontation visual field test, in addition to the standard 0.5-m confrontation visual field test, on appropriately selected patients to obtain the most information possible by confrontation visual field tests. PMID:1494829

The four-meter confrontation visual field test.

PubMed

Kodsi, S R; Younge, B R

1992-01-01

The 4-m confrontation visual field test has been successfully used at the Mayo Clinic for many years in addition to the standard 0.5-m confrontation visual field test. The 4-m confrontation visual field test is a test of macular function and can identify small central or paracentral scotomas that the examiner may not find when the patient is tested only at 0.5 m. Also, macular sparing in homonymous hemianopias and quadrantanopias may be identified with the 4-m confrontation visual field test. We recommend use of this confrontation visual field test, in addition to the standard 0.5-m confrontation visual field test, on appropriately selected patients to obtain the most information possible by confrontation visual field tests.

Modeling of charged anisotropic compact stars in general relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dayanandan, Baiju; Maurya, S. K.; T, Smitha T.

2017-06-01

A charged compact star model has been determined for anisotropic fluid distribution. We have solved the Einstein-Maxwell field equations to construct the charged compact star model by using the radial pressure, the metric function e^{λ} and the electric charge function. The generic charged anisotropic solution is verified by exploring different physical conditions like causality condition, mass-radius relation and stability of the solution (via the adiabatic index, TOV equations and the Herrera cracking concept). It is observed that the present charged anisotropic compact star model is compatible with the star PSR 1937+21. Moreover, we also presented the EOS ρ = f(p) for the present charged compact star model.

Powder compaction in systems of bimodal distribution

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chattopadhyay, A. K.; Whittemore, O. J., Jr.

1973-01-01

The compaction of mixtures involving different particle sizes is discussed. The various stages of the compaction process include the rearrangement of particles, the filling of the interstices of the large particles by the smaller ones, and the change in particle size and shape upon further densification through the application of pressure. Experimental approaches and equipment used for compacting material are discussed together with the theoretical relations of the compacting process.

Police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting

PubMed Central

Ti, Lianping; Wood, Evan; Shannon, Kate; Feng, Cindy; Kerr, Thomas

2012-01-01

Background Street-level policing has been recognized as a driver of health-related harms among people who inject drugs (IDU). However, the extent of interaction between police and street-involved youth has not been well characterized. We examined the incidence and risk factors for police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Methods Using data derived from participants enrolled in the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS) between 2005 and 2011, we assessed factors associated with being stopped, searched, or detained by police without arrest in the previous six months using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with logit link for binary outcomes. Results Among 991 participants followed during the study period, 440 (44.4%) reported being stopped, searched, or detained by police for an incidence density of 49.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.42–65.01) per 100 person years. In multivariate GEE analyses, factors associated with police confrontations included: male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.35), homelessness (AOR = 2.05), recent incarceration (AOR = 1.78), daily cannabis use (AOR = 1.31), daily heroin injecting (AOR = 1.36), crack pipe/syringe sharing (AOR = 1.61), injection drug use (AOR = 1.37), public drug use (AOR = 2.19), sex work involvement (AOR = 1.67), and drug dealing (AOR = 1.49) (all p<0.05). In total, 19.0% of participants reported that police confiscated their drug paraphernalia without arresting them. Additionally, 16.9% individuals reported experiencing violence at the hands of police. Conclusion We found that various factors, such as homelessness and markers of more severe addiction, increased the likelihood of being confronted by police, and police confrontations were associated with markers of health-related harm among street youth. These findings highlight the need for social and structural interventions that best enable police to fulfill public safety and public order objectives without negatively influencing health behaviours of street youth. PMID:22883543

Police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting.

PubMed

Ti, Lianping; Wood, Evan; Shannon, Kate; Feng, Cindy; Kerr, Thomas

2013-01-01

Street-level policing has been recognized as a driver of health-related harms among people who inject drugs (IDU). However, the extent of interaction between police and street-involved youth has not been well characterized. We examined the incidence and risk factors for police confrontations among street-involved youth in a Canadian setting. Using data derived from participants enrolled in the At-Risk Youth Study (ARYS) between 2005 and 2011, we assessed factors associated with being stopped, searched, or detained by police without arrest in the previous six months using generalized estimating equations (GEE) with logit link for binary outcomes. Among 991 participants followed during the study period, 440 (44.4%) reported being stopped, searched, or detained by police for an incidence density of 49.20 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.42-65.01) per 100 person years. In multivariate GEE analyses, factors associated with police confrontations included: male gender (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]=1.35), homelessness (AOR=2.05), recent incarceration (AOR=1.78), daily cannabis use (AOR=1.31), daily heroin injecting (AOR=1.36), crack pipe/syringe sharing (AOR=1.61), injection drug use (AOR=1.37), public drug use (AOR=2.19), sex work involvement (AOR=1.67), and drug dealing (AOR=1.49) (all p<0.05). In total, 19.0% of participants reported that police confiscated their drug paraphernalia without arresting them. Additionally, 16.9% of individuals reported experiencing violence at the hands of police. We found that various factors, such as homelessness and markers of more severe addiction, increased the likelihood of being confronted by police, and police confrontations were associated with markers of health-related harm among street youth. These findings highlight the need for social and structural interventions that best enable police to fulfil public safety and public order objectives without negatively influencing health behaviours of street youth. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Universality and stationarity of the I-Love relation for self-bound stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, T. K.; Chan, AtMa P. O.; Leung, P. T.

2016-01-01

The emergence of the I-Love-Q relations, revealing that the moment of inertia, the tidal Love number (deformability) and the spin-induced quadrupole moment of compact stars are, to high accuracy, interconnected in a universal way disregarding the wide variety of equations of state (EOSs) of dense matter, has attracted much interest recently. However, the physical origin of these relations is still a debatable issue. In the present paper, we focus on the I-Love relation for self-bound stars (SBSs) such as incompressible stars and quark stars. We formulate perturbative expansions for the moment of inertia, the tidal Love number (deformability) and the I-Love relation of SBSs. By comparing the respective I-Love relations of incompressible stars and a specific kind of SBSs, we show analytically that the I-Love relation is, to relevant leading orders in stellar compactness, stationary with respect to changes in the EOS about the incompressible limit. Hence, the universality of the I-Love relation is indeed attributable to the proximity of compact stars to incompressible stars, and the stationarity of the relation as unveiled here. We also discover that the moment of inertia and the tidal deformability of a SBS with finite compressibility are, to leading order in compactness, equal to their counterparts of an incompressible star with an adjusted compactness, thus leading to a novel explanation for the I-Love universal relation.

Current subsidence rates due to compaction of Holocene sediments in southern Louisiana

USGS Publications Warehouse

Meckel, T.A.; ten Brink, Uri S.; Williams, S.J.

2006-01-01

Relative contributions of geologic and anthropogenic processes to subsidence of southern Louisiana are vigorously debated. Of these, shallow sediment compaction is often considered dominant, although this has never been directly observed or effectively demonstrated. Quantitative understanding of subsidence is important for predicting relative sea level rise, storm surge flooding due to hurricanes, and for successful wetland restoration. Despite many shallow borings, few appropriate stratigraphic and geotechnical data are available for site-specific calculations. We overcome this by determining present compaction rates from Monte Carlo simulations of the incremental sedimentation and compaction of stratigraphies typical of the Holocene of southern Louisiana. This approach generates distributions of present compaction rates that are not expected to exceed 5 mm/yr, but may locally. Locations with present subsidence rates greater than the predicted maximum probable shallow compaction rates are likely influenced by additional processes.

How serious a problem is subsoil compaction in the Netherlands? A survey based on probability sampling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brus, Dick J.; van den Akker, Jan J. H.

2018-02-01

Although soil compaction is widely recognized as a soil threat to soil resources, reliable estimates of the acreage of overcompacted soil and of the level of soil compaction parameters are not available. In the Netherlands data on subsoil compaction were collected at 128 locations selected by stratified random sampling. A map showing the risk of subsoil compaction in five classes was used for stratification. Measurements of bulk density, porosity, clay content and organic matter content were used to compute the relative bulk density and relative porosity, both expressed as a fraction of a threshold value. A subsoil was classified as overcompacted if either the relative bulk density exceeded 1 or the relative porosity was below 1. The sample data were used to estimate the means of the two subsoil compaction parameters and the overcompacted areal fraction. The estimated global means of relative bulk density and relative porosity were 0.946 and 1.090, respectively. The estimated areal fraction of the Netherlands with overcompacted subsoils was 43 %. The estimates per risk map unit showed two groups of map units: a low-risk group (units 1 and 2, covering only 4.6 % of the total area) and a high-risk group (units 3, 4 and 5). The estimated areal fraction of overcompacted subsoil was 0 % in the low-risk unit and 47 % in the high-risk unit. The map contains no information about where overcompacted subsoils occur. This was caused by the poor association of the risk map units 3, 4 and 5 with the subsoil compaction parameters and subsoil overcompaction. This can be explained by the lack of time for recuperation.

On the Definition of Public Relations: A European View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vercic, Dejan; van Ruler, Betteke; Butschi, Gerhard; Flodin, Bertil

2001-01-01

Introduces the project on the European Public Relations Body of Knowledge (EBOK). Reviews proposals on the definition, dimensions, and domain of public relations. Confronts these with findings from EBOK. Presents ideas on how to bridge the differences. Proposes ideas for further investigation. (SG)

Non-Compact Cardiomyopathy or Ventricular Non-Compact Syndrome?

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Ventricular myocardial non-compaction has been recognized and defined as a genetic cardiomyopathy by American Heart Association since 2006. The argument on the nomenclature and pathogenesis of this kind of ventricular myocardial non-compaction characterized by regional ventricular wall thickening and deep trabecular recesses often complicated with chronic heart failure, arrhythmia and thromboembolism and usually overlap the genetics and phenotypes of other kind of genetic or mixed cardiomyopathy still exist. The proper classification and correct nomenclature of the non-compact ventricles will contribute to the precisely and completely understanding of etiology and its related patho-physiological mechanism for a better risk stratification and more personalized therapy of the disease individually. All of the genetic heterogeneity and phenotypical overlap and the variety in histopathological, electromechanical and clinical presentation indicates that some of the cardiomyopathies might just be the different consequence of myocardial development variations related to gene mutation and phenotype of one or group genes induced by the interacted and disturbed process of gene modulation at different links of gene function expression and some other etiologies. This review aims to establish a new concept of "ventricular non-compaction syndrome" based on the demonstration of the current findings of etiology, epidemiology, histopathology and echocardiography related to the disorder of ventricular myocardial compaction and myocardial electromechanical function development. PMID:25580189

How do Residents of Recovery Houses Experience Confrontation between Entry and 12-Month Follow-Up?

PubMed Central

Polcin, Douglas L.; Galloway, Gantt P.; Bond, Jason; Korcha, Rachael; Greenfield, Thomas K.

2010-01-01

The role of confrontation in recovery has been vigorously debated. Proponents suggest that confrontation can help break down denial and increase motivation. Critics point to counseling studies showing confrontation harms the therapeutic alliance and increases resistance. Frequently missing in these debates is an operational definition of confrontation that can be reliably measured. The Alcohol and Drug Confrontation Scale (ADCS) is a new 72-item measure that defines confrontation as “warnings about potential harm” that might result from substance use. Previous psychometric work using a sample of residents of recovery homes at intake (N=323) indicated the ADCS had acceptable reliability and validity. Confrontation from different sources (e.g., family, friends and professionals) was generally experienced as supportive and helpful. The goals of the current study were twofold: 1) to see if the psychometric properties of the ADCS were maintained at 6 and 12 month follow up, and 2) to see if experiences and perceptions of confrontation changed over time. Despite minor variations in the factor structure between baseline and follow up, the ADCS generally maintained good reliability and validity. At follow up, the amount of confrontation participants received declined, but it continued to be generally experienced as supportive and helpful. PMID:20464806

Suitability of intelligent compaction for relatively smaller-scale projects in Vermont : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-28

Intelligent Compaction (IC) is considered to be an innovative technology intended to address some of the problems associated with conventional compaction methods of earthwork (e.g. stiffnessbased measurements instead of density-based measurements). I...

Confronting human papilloma virus/oropharyngeal cancer: a model for interprofessional collaboration.

PubMed

Fried, Jacquelyn L

2014-06-01

A collaborative practice model related to Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal cancer highlights the role of the dental hygienist in addressing this condition. The incidence of HPV associated head and neck cancer is rising. Multiple professionals including the dental hygienist can work collaboratively to confront this growing public health concern. A critical review applies the growth and utilization of interprofessional education (IPE) and interprofessional collaboration (IPC) to multi-disciplinary models addressing the human papilloma virus and oropharyngeal cancers. A model related to HPV associated oropharyngeal cancer addresses an oral systemic condition that supports the inclusion of a dental hygienist on collaborative teams addressing prevention, detection, treatment and cure of OPC. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Confrontation Naming and Reading Abilities at Primary School: A Longitudinal Study

PubMed Central

Savelli, Enrico; Termine, Cristiano

2015-01-01

Background. Confrontation naming tasks are useful in the assessment of children with learning and language disorders. Objectives. The aims of this study were (1) providing longitudinal data on confrontation naming; (2) investigating the role of socioeconomic status (SES), intelligence, age, and gender in confrontation naming; (3) identifying relationship between confrontation naming and reading abilities (fluency, accuracy, and comprehension). Method. A five-year longitudinal investigation of confrontation naming (i.e., the Boston Naming Test (BNT)) in a nonclinical sample of Italian primary school children was conducted (n = 126), testing them at the end of each school year, to assess nonverbal intelligence, confrontation naming, and reading abilities. Results. Performance on the BNT emerged as a function of IQ and SES. Significant correlations between confrontation naming and reading abilities, especially comprehension, were found; BNT scores correlated better with reading fluency than with reading accuracy. Conclusions. The longitudinal data obtained in this study are discussed with regard to reading abilities, intelligence, age, gender, and socioeconomic status. PMID:26124541

Confirmatory Factor Analysis and Test-Retest Reliability of the Alcohol and Drug Confrontation Scale (ADCS)

PubMed Central

Polcin, Douglas L.; Galloway, Gantt P.; Bond, Jason; Korcha, Rachael; Greenfield, Thomas K.

2008-01-01

The addiction field lacks an accepted definition and reliable measure of confrontation. The Alcohol and Drug Confrontation Scale (ADCS) defines confrontation as warnings about the potential consequences of substance use. To assess psychometric properties, 323 individual entering recovery houses in U.S. urban and suburban areas were interviewed between 2003 and 2005 (20% women, 68% white). Analyses included test-retest reliability, confirmatory factor analysis, and measures of internal consistency. Findings support the ADCS as a reliable way of assessing two factors: Internal Support and External intensity. Confrontation was experienced as supportive, accurate and helpful. Additional studies should assess confrontation in different contexts. PMID:20686635

[Trauma and stressor-related disorders: diagnostic conceptualization in DSM-5].

PubMed

Kapfhammer, H P

2014-05-01

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders 5 (DSM-5) includes a distinct diagnostic group of trauma and stressor-related disorders that has been set apart from anxiety disorders. From a perspective of adult psychiatry this new disorder category includes posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), acute stress disorder (ASD), and adjustment disorders. The PTSD is based on narrower trauma criteria that focus on acute life-threatening situations, serious injury, or sexual violence by way of direct confrontation, witnessing or indirect confrontation. Indirect confrontation, however, is reserved only for violent or accidental events that occurred to close family members or friends. The former A2 criterion of an intense emotional reaction to trauma has been removed. A deliberately broad approach to clinical PTSD phenomenology has created an empirically driven new cluster of persistent negative alterations in cognition and mood due to experiencing traumatic events. The ASD has been reconceptualized as an intense stress syndrome with a clear need of acute treatment during the early course after traumatic exposure. Adjustment disorders continue to emphasize maladaptive emotional and behavioral responses to unspecific, non-traumatic stressors in an intensity that is beyond social or cultural norms. Neither complex PTSD nor prolonged grief disorders have received an independent diagnostic status within DSM-5. With respect to stress-related disorders major divergences between DSM-5 and the future International Classification of Diseases 11 (ICD-11) are to be expected.

I-Love-Q relations for gravastars and the approach to the black-hole limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pani, Paolo

2015-12-01

The multipole moments and the tidal Love numbers of neutron stars and quark stars satisfy certain relations which are almost insensitive to the star's internal structure. A natural question is whether the same relations hold for different compact objects and how they possibly approach the black-hole limit. Here we consider "gravastars," which are hypothetical compact objects sustained by their internal vacuum energy. Such solutions have been proposed as exotic alternatives to the black-hole paradigm because they can be as compact as black holes and exist in any mass range. By constructing slowly rotating, thin-shell gravastars to quadratic order in the spin, we compute the moment of inertia I , the mass quadrupole moment Q , and the tidal Love number λ in exact form. The I -λ -Q relations of a gravastar are dramatically different from those of an ordinary compact star, but the black-hole limit is continuous; i.e., these quantities approach their Kerr counterparts when the compactness is maximum. Therefore, such relations can be used to discern a gravastar from an ordinary compact star but not to break the degeneracy with the black-hole case. Based on these results, we conjecture that the full multipolar structure and the tidal deformability of a spinning, ultracompact gravastar are identical to those of a Kerr black hole. The approach to the black-hole limit is nonpolynomial, thus differing from the critical behavior recently found for strongly anisotropic neutron stars.

The accuracy of confrontation visual field test in comparison with automated perimetry.

PubMed Central

Johnson, L. N.; Baloh, F. G.

1991-01-01

The accuracy of confrontation visual field testing was determined for 512 visual fields using automated static perimetry as the reference standard. The sensitivity of confrontation testing excluding patchy defects was 40% for detecting anterior visual field defects, 68.3% for posterior defects, and 50% for both anterior and posterior visual field defects combined. The sensitivity within each group varied depending on the type of visual field defect encountered. Confrontation testing had a high sensitivity (75% to 100%) for detecting altitudinal visual loss, central/centrocecal scotoma, and homonymous hemianopsia. Confrontation testing was fairly insensitive (20% to 50% sensitivity) for detecting arcuate scotoma and bitemporal hemianopsia. The specificity of confrontation testing was high at 93.4%. The high positive predictive value (72.6%) and negative predictive value (75.7%) would indicate that visual field defects identified during confrontation testing are often true visual field defects. However, the many limitations of confrontation testing should be remembered, particularly its low sensitivity for detecting visual field loss associated with parasellar tumors, glaucoma, and compressive optic neuropathies. PMID:1800764

Confronting Violence, Improving Women's Lives Special Display Opens at NLM | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... history of nurses and nursing in relation to domestic violence and related research. Activists and reformers in the United States have long recognized the harm of domestic violence and sought to improve the lives of women ...

Computational Approach for Developing Blood Pump

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwak, Dochan

2002-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides an overview of the computational approach to developing a ventricular assist device (VAD) which utilizes NASA aerospace technology. The VAD is used as a temporary support to sick ventricles for those who suffer from late stage congestive heart failure (CHF). The need for donor hearts is much greater than their availability, and the VAD is seen as a bridge-to-transplant. The computational issues confronting the design of a more advanced, reliable VAD include the modelling of viscous incompressible flow. A computational approach provides the possibility of quantifying the flow characteristics, which is especially valuable for analyzing compact design with highly sensitive operating conditions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and rocket engine technology has been applied to modify the design of a VAD which enabled human transplantation. The computing requirement for this project is still large, however, and the unsteady analysis of the entire system from natural heart to aorta involves several hundred revolutions of the impeller. Further study is needed to assess the impact of mechanical VADs on the human body

Simulation of roller compaction with subsequent tableting and characterization of lactose and microcrystalline cellulose.

PubMed

Hein, Stephanie; Picker-Freyer, Katharina M; Langridge, John

2008-01-01

Tablets are by far the most common solid oral dosage forms, and many drugs need to be granulated before they can be tableted. Increasingly roller compaction is being used as a dry granulation technique; however it is a very time and material intensive method. Thus some mini roller compactors and simulations of the roller compaction process have been developed as a means of studying the technique at small scale. An important factor in the selection of materials for roller compaction is their ability to be recompressed into tablets after the initial roller compaction and milling steps. In this paper the roller compaction process was simulated on the basis of some models by Gereg and Cappola (2002) and Zinchuk et al. (2004). An eccentric tableting machine was used to make compacts from alpha-lactose monohydrate, anhydrous beta-lactose, spray-dried lactose and microcrystalline cellulose at different maximum relative densities (rho rel,max 0.6-0.9). These compacts were milled immediately to granules with a rotary granulator. The properties of the granules were analyzed and compared to the properties of the original powders. These granules and powders were then tableted at different maximum relative densities (rho rel,max 0.75-0.95) and their properties including elastic recovery, crushing force and 3D-model were analyzed. The properties of the tablets made from the granules were compared to the properties of the tablets made from the powders to determine which excipients are most suitable for the roller compaction process. The study showed that anhydrous beta-lactose is the preferred form of lactose for use in roller compaction since compaction did not affect tablet crushing force to a large extent. With the simulation of roller compaction process one is able to find qualified materials for use in roller compaction without the necessity of a great deal of material and time.

Regional Thicknesses and Thickening of Compacted and Trabeculated Myocardial Layers of the Normal Left Ventricle Studied by Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance

PubMed Central

Dawson, Dana K.; Maceira, Alicia M.; Raj, Vimal J.; Graham, Catriona; Pennell, Dudley J.; Kilner, Philip J.

2011-01-01

Background We used cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) to study normal left ventricular (LV) trabeculation as a basis for differentiation from pathological noncompaction. Methods and Results The apparent end-diastolic (ED) and end-systolic (ES) thicknesses and thickening of trabeculated and compacted myocardial layers were measured in 120 volunteers using a consistent selection of basal, mid, and apical CMR short-axis slices. All had a visible trabeculated layer in 1 or more segments. The compacted but not the trabeculated layer was thicker in men than in women (P<0.01 at ED and ES). When plotted against age, the trabeculated and compacted layer thicknesses demonstrated opposite changes: an increase of the compact layer after the fourth decade at both ED and ES (P<0.05) but a decrease of the trabeculated layer. There was age-related preservation of total wall thickness at ED but an increase at ES (P<0.05). The compacted layer thickened, whereas the trabeculated layer thinned with systole, but neither change differed between sexes. With age, the most trabeculated LV segments showed significantly greater systolic thinning of trabeculated layers and, conversely, greater thickening of the compact segments (P<0.05). Total wall thickening is neither sex nor age dependent. There were no sex differences in the trabeculated/compacted ratio at ES or ED, but the ES trabeculated/compacted ratio was smaller in older (50 to 79 years) versus younger (20 to 49 years) groups (P<0.05). Conclusions We demonstrated age- and sex-related morphometric differences in the apparent trabeculated and compacted layer thicknesses and systolic thinning of the visible trabeculated layer that contrasts with compacted myocardial wall thickening. PMID:21193690

Distribution of compact object mergers around galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bulik, T.; Belczyński, K.; Zbijewski, W.

1999-09-01

Compact object mergers are one of the favoured models of gamma ray bursts (GRB). Using a binary population synthesis code we calculate properties of the population of compact object binaries; e.g. lifetimes and velocities. We then propagate them in galactic potentials and find their distribution in relation to the host.

Collective Bargaining Can Enhance Quality of Worklife.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knott, Ildiko

1984-01-01

Examines elements of labor-management relationships in educational institutions, suggesting that communication on a noncrisis basis is crucial to healthy labor relations which are adversarial rather than confrontational. Describes a mature stage of labor-management relation and stresses the importance of sound grievance procedures. (LAL)

Ethical problems experienced by oncology nurses.

PubMed

da Luz, Kely Regina; Vargas, Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira; Schmidtt, Pablo Henrique; Barlem, Edison Luiz Devos; Tomaschewski-Barlem, Jamila Geri; da Rosa, Luciana Martins

2015-01-01

To know the ethical problems experienced by oncology nurses. Descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, performed in inpatient units and in chemotherapy out-patients units that provide assistance to oncological patients in two capitals in the South region of Brazil. Eighteen nurses participated in this study, selected by snowball sampling type. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were carried out, which were recorded and transcribed, and then analyzed by thematic analysis. Two categories were established: when informing or not becomes a dilemma - showing the main difficulties related to oncological treatment information regarding health staff, health system, and infrastructure; to invest or not - dilemmas related to finitude - showing situations of dilemmas related to pain and confrontation with finitude. For the effective confrontation of the ethical problems experienced by oncology nurses to occur, it is important to invest in the training of these professionals, preparing them in an ethical and human way to act as lawyers of the patient with cancer, in a context of dilemmas related mainly to the possibility of finitude.

The Optical Green Valley Versus Mid-infrared Canyon in Compact Groups

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, Lisa May; Butterfield, Natalie; Johnson, Kelsey; Zucker, Catherine; Gallagher, Sarah; Konstantopoulos, Iraklis; Zabludoff, Ann; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Tzanavaris, Panayiotis; Charlton, Jane C.

2013-01-01

Compact groups of galaxies provide conditions similar to those experienced by galaxies in the earlier universe. Recent work on compact groups has led to the discovery of a dearth of mid-infrared transition galaxies (MIRTGs) in Infrared Array Camera (3.6-8.0 micrometers) color space as well as at intermediate specific star formation rates. However, we find that in compact groups these MIRTGs have already transitioned to the optical ([g-r]) red sequence. We investigate the optical color-magnitude diagram (CMD) of 99 compact groups containing 348 galaxies and compare the optical CMD with mid-infrared (mid-IR) color space for compact group galaxies. Utilizing redshifts available from Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we identified new galaxy members for four groups. By combining optical and mid-IR data, we obtain information on both the dust and the stellar populations in compact group galaxies. We also compare with more isolated galaxies and galaxies in the Coma Cluster, which reveals that, similar to clusters, compact groups are dominated by optically red galaxies. While we find that compact group transition galaxies lie on the optical red sequence, LVL (Local Volume Legacy) + (plus) SINGS (Spitzer Infrared Nearby Galaxies Survey) mid-IR (infrared) transition galaxies span the range of optical colors. The dearth of mid-IR transition galaxies in compact groups may be due to a lack of moderately star-forming low mass galaxies; the relative lack of these galaxies could be due to their relatively small gravitational potential wells. This makes them more susceptible to this dynamic environment, thus causing them to more easily lose gas or be accreted by larger members.

Influence of ambient moisture on the compaction behavior of microcrystalline cellulose powder undergoing uni-axial compression and roller-compaction: a comparative study using near-infrared spectroscopy.

PubMed

Gupta, Abhay; Peck, Garnet E; Miller, Ronald W; Morris, Kenneth R

2005-10-01

This study evaluates the effect of variation in the ambient moisture on the compaction behavior of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder. The study was conducted by comparing the physico-mechanical properties of, and the near infrared (NIR) spectra collected on, compacts prepared by roller compaction with those collected on simulated ribbons, that is, compacts prepared under uni-axial compression. Relative density, moisture content, tensile strength (TS), and Young modulus were used as key sample attributes for comparison. Samples prepared at constant roller compactor settings and feed mass showed constant density and a decrease in TS with increasing moisture content. Compacts prepared under uni-axial compression at constant pressure and compact mass showed the opposite effect, that is, density increased while TS remained almost constant with increasing moisture content. This suggests difference in the influence of moisture on the material under roller compaction, in which the roll gap (i.e., thickness and therefore density) remains almost constant, vs. under uni-axial compression, in which the thickness is free to change in response to the applied pressure. Key sample attributes were also related to the NIR spectra using multivariate data analysis by the partial least squares projection to latent structures (PLS). Good agreement was observed between the measured and the NIR-PLS predicted values for all key attributes for both, the roller compacted samples as well as the simulated ribbons. Copyright (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association

Resilience and Associated Factors among Mainland Chinese Women Newly Diagnosed with Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Wu, Zijing; Liu, Ye; Li, Xuelian; Li, Xiaohan

2016-01-01

Resilience is the individual's ability to bounce back from trauma. It has been studied for some time in the U.S., but few studies in China have addressed this important construct. In mainland China, relatively little is known about the resilience of patients in clinical settings, especially among patients with breast cancer. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the level of resilience and identify predictors of resilience among mainland Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer. A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted with 213 mainland Chinese women newly diagnosed with breast cancer between November 2014 and June 2015. Participants were assessed with the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC), Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS), Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire (MCMQ, including 3 subscales: confrontation, avoidance, and acceptance-resignation), Herth Hope Index (HHI), and demographic and disease-related information. Descriptive statistics, bivariate analyses and multiple stepwise regression were conducted to explore predictors for resilience. The average score for CD-RISC was 60.97, ranging from 37 to 69. Resilience was positively associated with educational level, family income, time span after diagnosis, social support, confrontation, avoidance, and hope. However, resilience was negatively associated with age, body mass index (BMI), and acceptance-resignation. Multiple stepwise regression analysis indicated that hope (β = 0.343, P<0.001), educational level of junior college or above (β = 0.272, P<0.001), educational level of high school (β = 0.235, P<0.001), avoidance (β = 0.220, P<0.001), confrontation (β = 0.187, P = 0.001), and age (β = -0.108, P = 0.037) significantly affected resilience and explained 50.1% of the total variance in resilience. Women with newly diagnosed breast cancer from mainland China demonstrated particularly low resilience level, which was predicted by hope educational level, avoidance, confrontation, and age.

When Do We Confront? Perceptions of Costs and Benefits Predict Confronting Discrimination on Behalf of the Self and Others

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Good, Jessica J.; Moss-Racusin, Corinne A.; Sanchez, Diana T.

2012-01-01

Across two studies, we tested whether perceived social costs and benefits of confrontation would similarly predict confronting discrimination both when it was experienced and when it was observed as directed at others. Female undergraduate participants were asked to recall past experiences and observations of sexism, as well as their confronting…

Diverse Formation Mechanisms for Compact Galaxies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Jin-Ah; Paudel, Sanjaya; Yoon, Suk-Jin

2018-01-01

Compact, quenched galaxies such as M32 are unusual ones located off the mass - size scaling relation defined by normal galaxies. Still, their formation mechanisms remain unsolved. Here we investigate the evolution of ~100 compact, quenched galaxies at z = 0 identified in the Illustris cosmological simulation. We identify three ways for a galaxy to become a compact one and, often, multiple mechanisms operate in a combined manner. First, stripping is responsible for making about a third of compact galaxies. Stripping removes stars from galaxies, usually while keeping their sizes intact. About one third are galaxies that cease their growth early on after entering into more massive, gigantic halos. Finally, about half of compact galaxies, ~ 35 % of which turn out to undergo stripping, experience the compaction due to the highly centrally concentrated star formation. We discuss the evolutionary path of compact galaxies on the mass – size plane for each mechanism in a broader context of dwarf galaxy formation and evolution.

[Effect of compaction pressure on the properties of dental machinable zirconia ceramic].

PubMed

Huang, Hui; Wei, Bin; Zhang, Fu-qiang; Sun, Jing; Gao, Lian

2010-10-01

To investigate the effect of compaction pressure on the linear shrinkage, sintering property and machinability of the dental zirconia ceramic. The nano-size zirconia powder was compacted at different isostatic pressure and sintered at different temperature. The linear shrinkage of sintered body was measured and the relative density was tested using the Archimedes method. The cylindrical surface of pre-sintering blanks was traversed using a hard metal tool. Surface and edge quality were checked visually using light stereo microscopy. The sintering behaviour depended on the compaction pressure. Increasing compaction pressure led to higher sintering rate and lower sintering temperature. Increasing compaction pressure also led to decreasing linear shrinkage of the sintered bodies, from 24.54% of 50 MPa to 20.9% of 400 MPa. Compaction pressure showed only a weak influence on machinability of zirconia blanks, but the higher compaction pressure resulted in the poor surface quality. The better sintering property and machinability of dental zirconia ceramic is found for 200-300 MPa compaction pressure.

The effect of perceptual reasoning abilities on confrontation naming performance: An examination of three naming tests.

PubMed

Soble, Jason R; Marceaux, Janice C; Galindo, Juliette; Sordahl, Jeffrey A; Highsmith, Jonathan M; O'Rourke, Justin J F; González, David Andrés; Critchfield, Edan A; McCoy, Karin J M

2016-01-01

Confrontation naming tests are a common neuropsychological method of assessing language and a critical diagnostic tool in identifying certain neurodegenerative diseases; however, there is limited literature examining the visual-perceptual demands of these tasks. This study investigated the effect of perceptual reasoning abilities on three confrontation naming tests, the Boston Naming Test (BNT), Neuropsychological Assessment Battery (NAB) Naming Test, and Visual Naming Test (VNT) to elucidate the diverse cognitive functions underlying these tasks to assist with test selection procedures and increase diagnostic accuracy. A mixed clinical sample of 121 veterans were administered the BNT, NAB, VNT, and Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-4th Edition (WAIS-IV) Verbal Comprehension Index (VCI) and Perceptual Reasoning Index (PRI) as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological evaluation. Multiple regression indicated that PRI accounted for 23%, 13%, and 15% of the variance in BNT, VNT, and NAB scores, respectively, but dropped out as a significant predictor once VCI was added. Follow-up bootstrap mediation analyses revealed that PRI had a significant indirect effect on naming performance after controlling education, primary language, and severity of cognitive impairment, as well as the mediating effect of general verbal abilities for the BNT (B = 0.13; 95% confidence interval, CI [.07, .20]), VNT (B = 0.01; 95% CI [.002, .03]), and NAB (B = 0.03; 95% CI [.01, .06]). Findings revealed a complex relationship between perceptual reasoning abilities and confrontation naming that is mediated by general verbal abilities. However, when verbal abilities were statistically controlled, perceptual reasoning abilities were found to have a significant indirect effect on performance across all three confrontation naming measures with the largest effect noted with the BNT relative to the VNT and NAB Naming Test.

The operator algebra approach to quantum groups

PubMed Central

Kustermans, Johan; Vaes, Stefaan

2000-01-01

A relatively simple definition of a locally compact quantum group in the C*-algebra setting will be explained as it was recently obtained by the authors. At the same time, we put this definition in the historical and mathematical context of locally compact groups, compact quantum groups, Kac algebras, multiplicative unitaries, and duality theory. PMID:10639116

I-Love-Q relations: from compact stars to black holes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yagi, Kent; Yunes, Nicolás

2016-05-01

The relations between most observables associated with a compact star, such as the mass and radius of a neutron star or a quark star, typically depend strongly on their unknown internal structure. The recently discovered I-Love-Q relations (between the moment of inertia, the tidal deformability and the quadrupole moment) are however approximately insensitive to this structure. These relations become exact for stationary black holes (BHs) in General Relativity as shown by the no-hair theorems, mainly because BHs are vacuum solutions with event horizons. In this paper, we take the first steps toward studying how the approximate I-Love-Q relations become exact in the limit as compact stars become BHs. To do so, we consider a toy model for compact stars, i.e. incompressible stars with anisotropic pressure, which allows us to model an equilibrium sequence of stars with ever increasing compactness that approaches the BH limit arbitrarily closely. We numerically construct such a sequence in the slow-rotation and in the small-tide approximations by extending the Hartle-Thorne formalism, and then extract the I-Love-Q trio from the asymptotic behavior of the metric tensor at spatial infinity. We find that the I-Love-Q relations approach the BH limit in a nontrivial way, with the quadrupole moment and the tidal deformability changing sign as the compactness and the amount of anisotropy are increased. Through a generalization of Maclaurin spheroids to anisotropic stars, we show that the multipole moments also change sign in the Newtonian limit as the amount of anisotropy is increased because the star becomes prolate. We also prove analytically that the stellar moment of inertia reaches the BH limit as the compactness reaches a critical BH value in the strongly anisotropic limit. Modeling the BH limit through a sequence of anisotropic stars, however, can fail when considering other theories of gravity. We calculate the scalar dipole charge and the moment of inertia in a particular parity-violating modified theory and find that these quantities do not tend to their BH counterparts as the anisotropic stellar sequence approaches the BH limit.

Are you being sabotaged by your coworkers?

PubMed

Ferrara-Love, R

1998-10-01

Men and women are both guilty of sabotaging coworkers, but men and women do it differently and for different reasons. Men tend to do it more overtly and for more work-related reasons. However, women are more covert; their reasons are motivated more by jealousy of another's success or their own insecurity. Once women are betrayed by another, they take it more personally than their male counterparts. Men confront the betrayer and move on; that is business. Women do not confront the betrayer and see betrayal in the workplace as being let down by their friends. Women need to treat business relationships and situations as business, not as friendships.

Characterization by X-ray tomography of granulated alumina powder during in situ die compaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cottrino, Sandrine; Jorand, Yves, E-mail: yves.jorand@insa-lyon.fr; Maire, Eric

2013-07-15

Compaction process, the aim of which being to obtain green bodies with low porosity and small size, is often used before sintering treatment. Prior to die filling, the ceramic powder is generally granulated to improve flowability. However during compaction, density heterogeneity and critical size defects may appear due to intergranule and granule-die wall frictions. In this work, the influence of granule formulation on the compact morphology has been studied. To do so, a compaction setup was installed inside an X-ray tomography equipment so that the evolution of the compact morphology could be analysed during the whole compaction process. We havemore » demonstrated that high humidity rate and the addition of binder in the granule formulation increase density heterogeneity and generate larger defects. - Highlights: • An original compaction set up was installed inside an X-Ray tomography equipment. • The compaction process of granulated ceramic powder is imaged. • The compact green microstructure is quantified and related to the compaction stages. • The most detrimental defects of dry-pressed parts are caused by hollow granules. • Formulations without binder allow a reduction of the number of large defects.« less

Anger and hostility from the perspective of the Big Five personality model.

PubMed

Sanz, Jesús; García-Vera, María Paz; Magán, Inés

2010-06-01

This study was aimed at examining the relationships of the personality dimensions of the five-factor model or Big Five with trait anger and with two specific traits of hostility (mistrust and confrontational attitude), and identifying the similarities and differences between trait anger and hostility in the framework of the Big Five. In a sample of 353 male and female adults, the Big Five explained a significant percentage of individual differences in trait anger and hostility after controlling the effects due to the relationship between both constructs and content overlapping across scales. In addition, trait anger was primarily associated with neuroticism, whereas mistrust and confrontational attitude were principally related to low agreeableness. These findings are discussed in the context of the anger-hostility-aggression syndrome and the capability of the Big Five for organizing and clarifying related personality constructs.

Effects of nutritional and psychological status of the patients with advanced stomach cancer on physical performance status.

PubMed

Tian, Jun; Chen, Zhen-chun; Hang, Li-Fang

2009-10-01

The aim of this study was to assess the associations between coping mode, nutritional status, and psychological status and performance status of the patients with advanced stomach cancer. An epidemiological survey was conducted among 233 patients with advanced stomach cancer in Fujian, China. In-person interviews were performed for the participants with respect to information of psychological status prior to chemotherapy, nutritional status during chemotherapy, and physical performance status after chemotherapy. Multivariate logistic regression analyses showed that the level of hemoglobin (HB), level of daily calorie intake, score of Depression Status Inventory (DSI), and score of confrontation subscale of Medical Coping Modes Questionnaire had a significant influence on performance status (P < 0.05). The relative risks (95% confidence interval) were 2.06 (1.12-3.79) for low level of hemoglobin versus normal level of hemoglobin, 1.16 (1.02-1.32) for low level of daily calorie intake versus normal level of daily calorie intake, 5.89 (2.00-17.31) for DSI score > or =40 versus DSI score <40, and 3.17 (1.73-5.78) for low score of confrontation versus high score of confrontation, respectively. Depression, low score of "Confrontation", low levels of HB, and low level of daily calorie intake may be the risk factors of poor performance status of the patients with advanced stomach cancer.

Midlife and Beyond: Issues for Aging Women.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saucier, Maggi G.

2004-01-01

The author discusses issues confronted by aging women, particularly those related to ageism and body image, emphasizing society's role in influencing women's perceptions of their bodies. Although body image issues cause anxiety throughout most women's lives, women entering middle age become more conscious of this concern. Problems related to a…

Confronting Educational Politics with Preservice Teachers: Reactions to "Waiting for Superman"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Journell, Wayne; Buchanan, Lisa Brown

2013-01-01

Within the literature on teacher education in the United States, relatively little research has been conducted on how preservice teachers conceptualize popular depictions of the profession or issues related to the "extended professionality" of teaching. In this study, the authors explore the reactions of elementary, middle, and secondary…

Teaching the Black Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kirschenbaum, Howard

1968-01-01

Instructional materials and teaching approaches can be used to get students to seriously and constructively confront problems in race relations which they will eventually have to solve. For example, Richard Wright's "Black Boy," an anthology of Negro poetry or a collection of poems on race relations, and such films as "Where is Prejudice?" can…

Homosexuality: An Educational Confrontation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathews, Walter M.

The school's reaction to homosexuality, in particular as related to the teacher, is discussed, and studies relating to the homosexual are referenced. What the educator can do to prevent homosexual behavior is, according to Hooker (1961): (1) create a climate that allows homosexuality to be openly and sensibly discussed and objectively handled; (2)…

Confronting as autonomy promotion: Speaking up against discrimination and psychological well-being in racial minorities.

PubMed

Sanchez, Diana T; Himmelstein, Mary S; Young, Danielle M; Albuja, Analia F; Garcia, Julie A

2016-09-01

Few studies have considered confrontation in the context of coping with discriminatory experiences. These studies test for the first time whether confronting racial discrimination is associated with greater psychological well-being and physical health through the promotion of autonomy. In two separate samples of racial minorities who had experienced racial discrimination, confrontation was associated with greater psychological well-being, and this relationship was mediated by autonomy promotion. These findings did not extend to physical health symptoms. These studies provide preliminary evidence that confrontation may aid in the process of regaining autonomy after experiencing discrimination and therefore promote well-being. © The Author(s) 2015.

Can activity be understood out of subjectivity?

PubMed

Hubault, F; Sznelwar, L I

2012-01-01

The PSR echo a crisis of the relation of the organization with the subjectivity, which is at the same time a crisis of the relation of the organization with the reality that subjectivity is confronting through activity. Thus, they also raise, with ergonomics, the question to know which place it grants itself to subjectivity in the relation health-effectiveness.

Granule fraction inhomogeneity of calcium carbonate/sorbitol in roller compacted granules.

PubMed

Bacher, C; Olsen, P M; Bertelsen, P; Sonnergaard, J M

2008-02-12

The granule fraction inhomogeneity of roller compacted granules was examined on mixtures of three different morphologic forms of calcium carbonate and three particle sizes of sorbitol. The granule fraction inhomogeneity was determined by the distribution of the calcium carbonate in each of the 10 size fractions between 0 and 2000 microm and by calculating the demixing potential. Significant inhomogeneous occurrence of calcium carbonate in the size fractions was demonstrated, depending mostly on the particles sizes of sorbitol but also on the morphological forms of calcium carbonate. The heterogeneous distribution of calcium carbonate was related to the decrease in compactibility of roller compacted granules in comparison to the ungranulated materials. This phenomenon was explained by a mechanism where fracturing of the ribbon during granulation occurred at the weakest interparticulate bonds (the calcium carbonate: calcium carbonate bonds) and consequently exposed the weakest areas of bond formation on the surface of the granules. Accordingly, the non-uniform allocation of the interparticulate attractive forces in a tablet would cause a lowering of the compactibility. Furthermore, the ability of the powder to agglomerate in the roller compactor was demonstrated to be related to the ability of the powder to be compacted into a tablet, thus the most compactable calcium carbonate and the smallest sized sorbitol improved the homogeneity by decreasing the demixing potential.

A compact finite element method for elastic bodies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rose, M. E.

1984-01-01

A nonconforming finite method is described for treating linear equilibrium problems, and a convergence proof showing second order accuracy is given. The close relationship to a related compact finite difference scheme due to Phillips and Rose is examined. A condensation technique is shown to preserve the compactness property and suggests an approach to a certain type of homogenization.

Multipolar universal relations between f -mode frequency and tidal deformability of compact stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, T. K.; Sham, Y.-H.; Leung, P. T.; Lin, L.-M.

2014-12-01

Though individual stellar parameters of compact stars usually demonstrate obvious dependence on the equation of state (EOS), EOS-insensitive universal formulas relating these parameters remarkably exist. In the present paper, we explore the interrelationship between two such formulas, namely the f -I relation connecting the f -mode quadrupole oscillation frequency ω2 and the moment of inertia I , and the I -Love-Q relations relating I , the quadrupole tidal deformability λ2, and the quadrupole moment Q , which have been proposed by Lau, Leung, and Lin [Astrophys. J. 714, 1234 (2010)] and Yagi and Yunes [Science 341, 365 (2013)], respectively. A relativistic universal relation between ωl and λl with the same angular momentum l =2 ,3 ,… , the so-called "diagonal f -Love relation" that holds for realistic compact stars and stiff polytropic stars, is unveiled here. An in-depth investigation in the Newtonian limit is further carried out to pinpoint its underlying physical mechanism and hence leads to a unified f -I -Love relation. We reach the conclusion that these EOS-insensitive formulas stem from a common physical origin—compact stars can be considered as quasiincompressible when they react to slow time variations introduced by f -mode oscillations, tidal forces and rotations.

Tidal deformability and I-Love-Q relations for gravastars with polytropic thin shells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Uchikata, Nami; Yoshida, Shijun; Pani, Paolo

2016-09-01

The moment of inertia, the spin-induced quadrupole moment, and the tidal Love number of neutron-star and quark-star models are related through some relations which depend only mildly on the stellar equation of state. These "I-Love-Q" relations have important implications for astrophysics and gravitational-wave astronomy. An interesting problem is whether similar relations hold for other compact objects and how they approach the black hole limit. To answer these questions, here we investigate the deformation properties of a large class of thin-shell gravastars, which are exotic compact objects that do not possess an event horizon nor a spacetime singularity. Working in a small-spin and small-tidal field expansion, we calculate the moment of inertia, the quadrupole moment, and the (quadrupolar electric) tidal Love number of gravastars with a polytropic thin shell. The I-Love-Q relations of a thin-shell gravastar are drastically different from those of an ordinary neutron star. The Love number and quadrupole moment for less compact models have the opposite sign relative to those of ordinary neutron stars, and the I-Love-Q relations continuously approach the black hole limit. We consider a variety of polytropic equations of state for the matter shell and find no universality in the I-Love-Q relations. However, we cannot deny the possibility that, similarly to the neutron-star case, an approximate universality might emerge for a limited class of equations of state. Finally, we discuss how a measurement of the tidal deformability from the gravitational-wave detection of a compact-binary inspiral can be used to constrain exotic compact objects like gravastars.

Deep Compaction Control of Sandy Soils

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bałachowski, Lech; Kurek, Norbert

2015-02-01

Vibroflotation, vibratory compaction, micro-blasting or heavy tamping are typical improvement methods for the cohesionless deposits of high thickness. The complex mechanism of deep soil compaction is related to void ratio decrease with grain rearrangements, lateral stress increase, prestressing effect of certain number of load cycles, water pressure dissipation, aging and other effects. Calibration chamber based interpretation of CPTU/DMT can be used to take into account vertical and horizontal stress and void ratio effects. Some examples of interpretation of soundings in pre-treated and compacted sands are given. Some acceptance criteria for compaction control are discussed. The improvement factors are analysed including the normalised approach based on the soil behaviour type index.

Factor Analysis of the Alcohol and Drug Confrontation Scale (ADCS)

PubMed Central

Polcin, Douglas L.; Galloway, Gantt P.; Bostrom, Alan; Greenfield, Thomas K.

2007-01-01

The Alcohol and Drug Confrontation Scale (ADCS) is a 72-item instrument that defines confrontation as an individual being told “bad things” might happen if they do not make changes to address alcohol or drug problems or maintain sobriety. Preliminary assessment of the ADCS using substance abusers entering SLH's revealed: 1) Scale items were frequently endorsed; 2) Confrontation was often experienced as accurate and helpful; and 3) Confronters' statements were viewed supportive and accurate. This study reports the results of a factor analysis on a larger sample 179 participants using baseline and 6 month follow-up data. Results yielded a clear two factor solution: 1) Internal Support (alpha = 0.80) and 2) External Intensity (alpha = 0.63). The two factors accounted for 58% of the variance. The ADCS offers a fresh and broader view of confrontation that can be reliably measured. PMID:17270360

Roller compaction: Effect of relative humidity of lactose powder.

PubMed

Omar, Chalak S; Dhenge, Ranjit M; Palzer, Stefan; Hounslow, Michael J; Salman, Agba D

2016-09-01

The effect of storage at different relative humidity conditions, for various types of lactose, on roller compaction behaviour was investigated. Three types of lactose were used in this study: anhydrous lactose (SuperTab21AN), spray dried lactose (SuperTab11SD) and α-lactose monohydrate 200M. These powders differ in their amorphous contents, due to different manufacturing processes. The powders were stored in a climatic chamber at different relative humidity values ranging from 10% to 80% RH. It was found that the roller compaction behaviour and ribbon properties were different for powders conditioned to different relative humidities. The amount of fines produced, which is undesirable in roller compaction, was found to be different at different relative humidity. The minimum amount of fines produced was found to be for powders conditioned at 20-40% RH. The maximum amount of fines was produced for powders conditioned at 80% RH. This was attributed to the decrease in powder flowability, as indicated by the flow function coefficient ffc and the angle of repose. Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) was also applied to determine the velocity of primary particles during ribbon production, and it was found that the velocity of the powder during the roller compaction decreased with powders stored at high RH. This resulted in less powder being present in the compaction zone at the edges of the rollers, which resulted in ribbons with a smaller overall width. The relative humidity for the storage of powders has shown to have minimal effect on the ribbon tensile strength at low RH conditions (10-20%). The lowest tensile strength of ribbons produced from lactose 200M and SD was for powders conditioned at 80% RH, whereas, ribbons produced from lactose 21AN at the same condition of 80% RH showed the highest tensile strength. The storage RH range 20-40% was found to be an optimum condition for roll compacting three lactose powders, as it resulted in a minimum amount of fines in the product. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Immediate and long term effects of compaction on the stress-strain behaviour of soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noor, Sarah T.; Chowdhury, Prantick; Chowdhury, Tasnim

2018-04-01

This paper explores whether delay in construction after compaction can benefit from the gain in soil’s strength and stability point of view. An experimental investigation has been carried out to examine the gradual development of soil’s shear strength by ageing of mechanically compacted soil at three relative densities. In order to separate the gain in strength due to ageing from that occurring from the reduction in soil moisture, the soil samples prepared in moulds were kept in desiccators for different periods of time (1, 9 and 17 days) before testing unconfined compressive strength test. The soil in densely compacted state is found to gain in strength due to ageing faster than that in medium compacted state. Only due to ageing of 9 days or more, unconfined compressive strength of compacted soil is found about 1.7 to 2.4 times of that attained in day 1 after compaction.

Helping Counselors Learn to Confront.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tamminen, Armas W.; Smaby, Marlowe H.

1981-01-01

Presents a model for training counselors to learn to confront empathetically. Describes a confrontation training scale that includes inadequate responses of acquiescing and scolding and the progressively more effective responses of recognizing ineffective behavior, realizing its negative consequences, and committing to change. Suggests confronting…

Confronting Standard Models of Proto-planetary Disks with New Mid-infrared Sizes from the Keck Interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Millan-Gabet, Rafael; Che, Xiao; Monnier, John D.; Sitko, Michael L.; Russell, Ray W.; Grady, Carol A.; Day, Amanda N.; Perry, R. B.; Harries, Tim J.; Aarnio, Alicia N.; Colavita, Mark M.; Wizinowich, Peter L.; Ragland, Sam; Woillez, Julien

2016-08-01

We present near- and mid-infrared (MIR) interferometric observations made with the Keck Interferometer Nuller and near-contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the infrared telescope facilities (IRTFs) of 11 well-known young stellar objects, several of which were observed for the first time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With au-level spatial resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and MIR disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar luminosity and the MIR disk sizes after using near-infrared data to remove the contribution from the inner rim. We then use a semi-analytical physical model to also find that the very widely used “star + inner dust rim + flared disk” class of models strongly fails to reproduce the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spatially resolved MIR data simultaneously; specifically a more compact source of MIR emission is required than results from the standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and find that the 2-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases. This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modeling alone, although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. recently came to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al., the difficulty in predicting MIR sizes from the SED alone might hint at “transition disk”-like gaps in the inner au; however, the relatively high correlation found in our MIR disk size versus stellar luminosity relation favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients instead.

CONFRONTING STANDARD MODELS OF PROTO-PLANETARY DISKS WITH NEW MID-INFRARED SIZES FROM THE KECK INTERFEROMETER

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Millan-Gabet, Rafael; Che, Xiao; Monnier, John D.

We present near- and mid-infrared (MIR) interferometric observations made with the Keck Interferometer Nuller and near-contemporaneous spectro-photometry from the infrared telescope facilities (IRTFs) of 11 well-known young stellar objects, several of which were observed for the first time in these spectral and spatial resolution regimes. With au-level spatial resolution, we first establish characteristic sizes of the infrared emission using a simple geometrical model consisting of a hot inner rim and MIR disk emission. We find a high degree of correlation between the stellar luminosity and the MIR disk sizes after using near-infrared data to remove the contribution from the innermore » rim. We then use a semi-analytical physical model to also find that the very widely used “star + inner dust rim + flared disk” class of models strongly fails to reproduce the spectral energy distribution (SED) and spatially resolved MIR data simultaneously; specifically a more compact source of MIR emission is required than results from the standard flared disk model. We explore the viability of a modification to the model whereby a second dust rim containing smaller dust grains is added, and find that the 2-rim model leads to significantly improved fits in most cases. This complexity is largely missed when carrying out SED modeling alone, although detailed silicate feature fitting by McClure et al. recently came to a similar conclusion. As has been suggested recently by Menu et al., the difficulty in predicting MIR sizes from the SED alone might hint at “transition disk”-like gaps in the inner au; however, the relatively high correlation found in our MIR disk size versus stellar luminosity relation favors layered disk morphologies and points to missing disk model ingredients instead.« less

Agonistic Recognition in Education: On Arendt's Qualification of Political and Moral Meaning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ljunggren, Carsten

2010-01-01

Agonistic recognition in education has three interlinked modes of aesthetic experience and self-presentation where one is related to actions in the public realm; one is related to plurality in the way in which it comes into existence in confrontation with others; and one is related to the subject-self, disclosed by "thinking. Arendt"s conception…

UNITY: Confronting Supernova Cosmology's Statistical and Systematic Uncertainties in a Unified Bayesian Framework

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rubin, D.; Aldering, G.; Barbary, K.; Boone, K.; Chappell, G.; Currie, M.; Deustua, S.; Fagrelius, P.; Fruchter, A.; Hayden, B.; Lidman, C.; Nordin, J.; Perlmutter, S.; Saunders, C.; Sofiatti, C.; Supernova Cosmology Project, The

2015-11-01

While recent supernova (SN) cosmology research has benefited from improved measurements, current analysis approaches are not statistically optimal and will prove insufficient for future surveys. This paper discusses the limitations of current SN cosmological analyses in treating outliers, selection effects, shape- and color-standardization relations, unexplained dispersion, and heterogeneous observations. We present a new Bayesian framework, called UNITY (Unified Nonlinear Inference for Type-Ia cosmologY), that incorporates significant improvements in our ability to confront these effects. We apply the framework to real SN observations and demonstrate smaller statistical and systematic uncertainties. We verify earlier results that SNe Ia require nonlinear shape and color standardizations, but we now include these nonlinear relations in a statistically well-justified way. This analysis was primarily performed blinded, in that the basic framework was first validated on simulated data before transitioning to real data. We also discuss possible extensions of the method.

Taking the Next Step: Confronting the Legacies of Slavery at Historic Sites

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grim, Linnea; Wickens, K. Allison; Jecha, Jackie; Powell, Linda; Hawkins, Callie; Flanagan, Candra

2017-01-01

"Slavery is the ground zero of race relations," declared James and Lois Horton in their groundbreaking book, "Slavery and Public History." Engaging the history and legacy of slavery is a crucial step in understanding current U.S. society especially race relations. Historic sites that have connections to slavery have begun to…

Recovery of compacted soils in Mojave Desert ghost towns.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Webb, R.H.; Steiger, J.W.; Wilshire, H.G.

1986-01-01

Residual compaction of soils was measured at seven sites in five Mojave Desert ghost towns. Soils in these Death Valley National Monument townsites were compacted by vehicles, animals, and human trampling, and the townsites had been completely abandoned and the buildings removed for 64 to 75 yr. Recovery times extrapolated using a linear recovery model ranged from 80 to 140 yr and averaged 100 yr. The recovery times were related to elevation, suggesting freeze-thaw loosening as an important factor in ameliorating soil compaction in the Mojave Desert. -from Authors

Ethical problems experienced by oncology nurses1

PubMed Central

da Luz, Kely Regina; Vargas, Mara Ambrosina de Oliveira; Schmidtt, Pablo Henrique; Barlem, Edison Luiz Devos; Tomaschewski-Barlem, Jamila Geri; da Rosa, Luciana Martins

2015-01-01

Objective: to know the ethical problems experienced by oncology nurses. Method: descriptive and exploratory study with a qualitative approach, performed in inpatient units and in chemotherapy out-patients units that provide assistance to oncological patients in two capitals in the South region of Brazil. Eighteen nurses participated in this study, selected by snowball sampling type. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were carried out, which were recorded and transcribed, and then analyzed by thematic analysis. Results: two categories were established: when informing or not becomes a dilemma - showing the main difficulties related to oncological treatment information regarding health staff, health system, and infrastructure; to invest or not - dilemmas related to finitude - showing situations of dilemmas related to pain and confrontation with finitude. Conclusion: for the effective confrontation of the ethical problems experienced by oncology nurses to occur, it is important to invest in the training of these professionals, preparing them in an ethical and human way to act as lawyers of the patient with cancer, in a context of dilemmas related mainly to the possibility of finitude. PMID:26626012

A high order compact least-squares reconstructed discontinuous Galerkin method for the steady-state compressible flows on hybrid grids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Jian; Zhang, Fan; Liu, Tiegang

2018-06-01

In this paper, a class of new high order reconstructed DG (rDG) methods based on the compact least-squares (CLS) reconstruction [23,24] is developed for simulating the two dimensional steady-state compressible flows on hybrid grids. The proposed method combines the advantages of the DG discretization with the flexibility of the compact least-squares reconstruction, which exhibits its superior potential in enhancing the level of accuracy and reducing the computational cost compared to the underlying DG methods with respect to the same number of degrees of freedom. To be specific, a third-order compact least-squares rDG(p1p2) method and a fourth-order compact least-squares rDG(p2p3) method are developed and investigated in this work. In this compact least-squares rDG method, the low order degrees of freedom are evolved through the underlying DG(p1) method and DG(p2) method, respectively, while the high order degrees of freedom are reconstructed through the compact least-squares reconstruction, in which the constitutive relations are built by requiring the reconstructed polynomial and its spatial derivatives on the target cell to conserve the cell averages and the corresponding spatial derivatives on the face-neighboring cells. The large sparse linear system resulted by the compact least-squares reconstruction can be solved relatively efficient when it is coupled with the temporal discretization in the steady-state simulations. A number of test cases are presented to assess the performance of the high order compact least-squares rDG methods, which demonstrates their potential to be an alternative approach for the high order numerical simulations of steady-state compressible flows.

Ethical issues for hospice volunteers.

PubMed

Berry, Patricia; Planalp, Sally

Health care professionals usually receive professional education in ethics, but the half million hospice volunteers in the United States may receive only brief training that is limited to confidentiality and the volunteer role. The purpose of this study was to explore ethical issues hospice volunteers confront in their work. Interviews with 39 hospice volunteers were conducted, audio recorded, transcribed, and analyzed using qualitative methods. Prominent themes were dilemmas about gifts, patient care and family concerns, issues related to volunteer roles and boundaries, and issues surrounding suicide and hastening death. Suggestions for training include discussions of ethics after initial training once volunteers had confronted ethical issues, with special emphasis on strategies for negotiating their uneasy role positioned between health care professional and friend.

Momentum--"Helping Teachers Grow: Confronting Inappropriate Teaching Behavior."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Albrecht, Kay

1989-01-01

Discusses confrontations which lead to growth in day care teachers. The steps of confrontation discussed include: (1) identifying the problem; (2) describing the desired behavior and how it will come about; (3) determining how the successfulness of the change will be measured. (RJC)

Looking at the heart of low and high heart rate variability fearful flyers: self-reported anxiety when confronting feared stimuli.

PubMed

Bornas, Xavier; Llabrés, Jordi; Noguera, Miquel; López, Ana Ma; Barceló, Francesca; Tortella-Feliu, Miquel; Fullana, Miquel Angel

2005-12-01

Previous research has shown that phobic subjects with low heart rate variability (HRV) are less able to inhibit an inappropriate response when confronted with threatening words compared to phobic subjects with high HRV [Johnsen, B.H., Thayer, J.F., Laberg, J.C., Wormnes, B., Raadal, M., Skaret, E., et al., 2003. Attentional and physiological characteristics of patients with dental anxiety. Journal of Anxiety Disorders, 17, 75-87]. The aim of this study was to evaluate changes in self-reported anxiety when low HRV and high HRV fearful flyers (N=15) and a matched control group (N=15) were exposed to flight-related pictures, flight-related sounds or both pictures and sounds. We hypothesized that sounds would be crucial to evoke fear. Also, low HRV fearful flyers were expected to report higher anxiety than high HRV fearful flyers assuming anxiety as their inappropriate response. Decreases on HRV measures were also predicted for a subgroup of phobic participants (N=10) when confronted with the feared stimuli. Our data supported the hypothesis that sounds are crucial in this kind of phobia. Low HRV fearful flyers reported higher anxiety than high HRV fearful flyers in two out of three aversive conditions. The predicted HRV decreases were not found in this study. Results are discussed in the context of avoidance of exposure-based treatments.

Well behaved anisotropic compact star models in general relativity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jasim, M. K.; Maurya, S. K.; Gupta, Y. K.; Dayanandan, B.

2016-11-01

Anisotropic compact star models have been constructed by assuming a particular form of a metric function e^{λ}. We solved the Einstein field equations for determining the metric function e^{ν}. For this purpose we have assumed a physically valid expression of radial pressure (pr). The obtained anisotropic compact star model is representing the realistic compact objects such as PSR 1937 +21. We have done an extensive study about physical parameters for anisotropic models and found that these parameters are well behaved throughout inside the star. Along with these we have also determined the equation of state for compact star which gives the radial pressure is purely the function of density i.e. pr=f(ρ).

Numerical simulation of mechanical compaction of deepwater shallow sediments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Jin; Wu, Shiguo; Deng, Jingen; Lin, Hai; Zhang, Hanyu; Wang, Jiliang; Gao, Jinwei

2018-02-01

To study the compaction law and overpressure evolution in deepwater shallow sediments, a large-strain compaction model that considers material nonlinearity and moving boundary is formulated. The model considers the dependence of permeability and material properties on void ratio. The modified Cam-Clay model is selected as the constitutive relations of the sediments, and the deactivation/reactivation method is used to capture the moving top surface during the deposition process. A one-dimensional model is used to study the compaction law of the shallow sediments. Results show that the settlement of the shallow sediments is large under their own weight during compaction. The void ratio decreases strictly with burial depth and decreases more quickly near the seafloor than in the deeper layers. The generation of abnormal pressure in the shallow flow sands is closely related to the compaction law of shallow sediments. The two main factors that affect the generation of overpressure in the sands are deposition rate and permeability of overlying clay sediments. Overpressure increases with an increase in deposition rate and a decrease in the permeability of the overlying clay sediment. Moreover, an upper limit for the overpressure exists. A two-dimensional model is used to study the differential compaction of the shallow sediments. The pore pressure will still increase due to the inflow of the pore fluid from the neighboring clay sediment even though the deposition process is interrupted.

Compaction of Ductile and Fragile Grains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Creissac, S.; Pouliquen, O.; Dalloz-Dubrujeaud, B.

2009-06-01

The compaction of powders into tablets is widely used in several industries (cosmetics, food, pharmaceutics…). In all these industries, the composition of the initial powder is complex, and the behaviour under compaction is not well known, also the mechanical behaviour of the tablets. The aim of this paper is to understand the behaviour (pressure vs density) of a simplified media made of fragile and ductile powders, varying the relative ratio of each powder. Some compaction experiments were carried out with glass beads (fragile) and Polyethylen Glycol powder (ductile). We observe two typical behaviours, depending on the relative volumic fraction of each component. A transition is pointed out, observing the evolution of the slope of the curve pressure/density. This transition is explained by geometrical considerations during compaction. A model is proposed, based on the assumption that the studied media can be compare to a diphasic material with a continuous phase (the ductile powder) and a discrete phase (the fragile powder). The result of this model is compare to the experimental results of compaction, and give a good prediction of the behaviour of the different mixing, knowing the behaviour of the ductile and the fragile phase separately. These results were also interpreted in terms of Heckel parameter which characterizes the ability of the powder to deform plastically under compaction. Some mechanical tests were also performed to compare the mechanical resitance of the obtained tablets.

Compacted graphite iron: Cast iron makes a comeback

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dawson, S.

1994-08-01

Although compacted graphite iron has been known for more than four decades, the absence of a reliable mass-production technique has resulted in relatively little effort to exploit its operational benefits. However, a proven on-line process control technology developed by SinterCast allows for series production of complex components in high-quality CGI. The improved mechanical properties of compacted graphite iron relative to conventional gray iron allow for substantial weight reduction in gasoline and diesel engines or substantial increases in horsepower, or an optimal combination of both. Concurrent with these primary benefits, CGI also provides significant emissions and fuel efficiency benefits allowing automakers to meet legislated performance standards. The operational and environmental benefits of compacted graphite iron together with its low cost and recyclability reinforce cast iron as a prime engineering material for the future.

Social instigation and repeated aggressive confrontations in male Swiss mice: analysis of plasma corticosterone, CRF and BDNF levels in limbic brain areas.

PubMed

Fortes, Paula Madeira; Albrechet-Souza, Lucas; Vasconcelos, Mailton; Ascoli, Bruna Maria; Menegolla, Ana Paula; de Almeida, Rosa Maria M

2017-01-01

Agonistic behaviors help to ensure survival, provide advantage in competition, and communicate social status. The resident-intruder paradigm, an animal model based on male intraspecific confrontations, can be an ethologically relevant tool to investigate the neurobiology of aggressive behavior. To examine behavioral and neurobiological mechanisms of aggressive behavior in male Swiss mice exposed to repeated confrontations in the resident intruder paradigm. Behavioral analysis was performed in association with measurements of plasma corticosterone of mice repeatedly exposed to a potential rival nearby, but inaccessible (social instigation), or to 10 sessions of social instigation followed by direct aggressive encounters. Moreover, corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BNDF) were measured in the brain of these animals. Control mice were exposed to neither social instigation nor aggressive confrontations. Mice exposed to aggressive confrontations exhibited a similar pattern of species-typical aggressive and non-aggressive behaviors on the first and the last session. Moreover, in contrast to social instigation only, repeated aggressive confrontations promoted an increase in plasma corticosterone. After 10 aggressive confrontation sessions, mice presented a non-significant trend toward reducing hippocampal levels of CRF, which inversely correlated with plasma corticosterone levels. Conversely, repeated sessions of social instigation or aggressive confrontation did not alter BDNF concentrations at the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Exposure to repeated episodes of aggressive encounters did not promote habituation over time. Additionally, CRF seems to be involved in physiological responses to social stressors.

"I know it because it happened to me!" Confrontations of children within forensic investigations.

PubMed

Katz, Carmit; Barnetz, Zion

2018-06-06

Confrontations and cross-examination are considered to be a vital stage in forensic investigations; however, laboratory and field studies have systematically shown their adverse effects on children`s testimonies. The current field study aimed to assess the strategies utilized, and the frequency with which they are used, in confrontations within forensic investigations involving children following suspected abuse, and to assess their effects on the children's testimonies. The forensic investigations were conducted using the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD) Protocol. The transcripts of 224 children aged 4-14, who were referred for forensic investigation following suspected physical or sexual abuse, were analyzed. All the cases included external evidence suggesting a high probability of abuse. The results indicated that confrontations of children were utilized in more than 60% of the forensic interviews, regardless of the child`s age. The vast majority of the interviewers' confrontation strategies involved references to the alleged suspects, with the number of confrontations ranging from 1 to 18 per interview. An examination of the children`s responses to the confrontations revealed that most of the children insisted on their initial reported testimonies; however, some of the children displayed confusion or fear, and one child recanted the allegation. The discussion addresses how confrontations and cross-examination, as a necessary stage of forensic investigation, can affect children`s testimonies, and the implications of these effects for the forensic context. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Development of Discrete Compaction Bands in Two Porous Sandstones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tembe, S.; Baud, P.; Wong, T.

2003-12-01

Compaction band formation has been documented by recent field and laboratory studies as a localized failure mode occurring in porous sandstones. The coupling of compaction and localization may significantly alter the stress field and strain partitioning, and act as barriers within reservoirs. Two end-members of this failure mode that develop subperpendicular to the maximum principal stress have been identified: numerous discrete compaction bands with a thickness of only several grains, or a few diffuse bands that are significantly thicker. Much of what is known about discrete compaction bands derives from laboratory experiments performed on the relatively homogeneous Bentheim sandstone with 23% porosity. In this study we observe similar compaction localization behavior in the Diemelstadt sandstone, that has an initial porosity of 24.4% and a modal composition of 68% quartz, 26% feldspar, 4% oxides, and 2% micas. CT scans of the Diemelstadt sandstone indicate bedding corresponding to low porosity laminae. Saturated samples cored perpendicular to bedding were deformed at room temperature under drained conditions at a constant pore pressure of 10 MPa and a confining pressure range of 20-175 MPa. Acoustic emission activity and pore volume change were recorded continuously. Samples were deformed to axial strains of 1-4% and recovered from the triaxial cell for microstructural analysis. The mechanical data map the transition in failure mode from brittle faulting to compactive cataclastic flow. The brittle regime occurred at effective pressures up to 40 MPa, associated with failure by conjugate shear bands. At an effective pressure range of 60-175 MPa strain hardening and shear-enhanced compaction were accompanied by the development of discrete compaction bands, that was manifested by episodic surges of acoustic emission. Preliminary microstructural observations of the failed samples suggest that bedding influenced the band orientations which varies between 75-90\\deg relative to the maximum principle stress. Our study demonstrates that despite their different mineralogy, failure modes and development of the compaction localization are similar in the Diemelstadt and Benthiem sandstones.

Confronting Discrimination and the Integrative Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manning-Miller, Carmen

1993-01-01

Argues for the importance of weaving disability issues into all the courses in a journalism curriculum. Discusses ways to do so in classes on the news editorial, on public relations and advertising, and on mass media history, policy, and ethics. (SR)

AIDS: Legal Tools Helpful for Mental Health Counseling Interventions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Friedman, Ann Lorentson; Hughes, Rosemary B.

1994-01-01

Complex HIV and AIDS related legal issues confronting mental health professionals are addressed, specifically: living will, statutes, durable power of attorney, durable power of attorney for health care, rational suicide, euthanasia, workplace discrimination, and laws affecting minors. (JBJ)

The Phaedrus Complex.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitson, Steve

1988-01-01

Examines the possibility for a textually grounded inquiry of Plato's "Gorgias" and "Phaedrus" that would probe the psychic investments intrinsic to discursive phenomena. Examines the impact of the confrontation with rhetoric as the "Other" of philosophy, and explores the relations among rhetoric, philosophy, and…

Confronting Poor Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennis, Bruce L.

Responsible and effective administrative leadership requires confronting those members of the teaching staff who are a negative influence on the institution. Importantly, the absence of expressed appreciation for good work can have a devastating impact on a principal's image if he or she suddenly begins to confront poor performances. Actually, the…

The Effect of Compaction Force on the Transition to Hydrate of Anhydrous Aripiprazole.

PubMed

Togo, Taichiro; Taniguchi, Toshiya; Nakata, Yoshitaka

2018-01-01

Aripiprazole (APZ) is used to treat schizophrenia and is administered as a tablet containing the anhydrous form of APZ. In this study, the effect of compaction force on the crystal form transition was investigated. The crystalline state was observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD). APZ Anhydrous Form II was compacted into tablets. The XRD intensity of anhydrous APZ became lower with higher compressive force. The degree of crystallinity decreased with the compaction force. The powder and the compacted tablets of anhydrous APZ were stored for one week under 60°C and 75% relative humidity. The powder showed no crystal form transition after storage. For the tablets, however, XRD peaks of APZ hydrate were observed after storage. The tablets compacted with higher force showed the higher XRD diffraction intensity of hydrate form. We concluded that the crystallinity reduction of APZ Anhydrous Form II by compaction caused and accelerated the transition to hydrate under high temperature and humidity conditions. In order to manufacture crystallographically stable tablets containing anhydrous APZ, it is important to prevent this crystallinity reduction during compaction.

Chick Heart Invasion Assay for Testing the Invasiveness of Cancer Cells and the Activity of Potentially Anti-invasive Compounds.

PubMed

Bracke, Marc E; Roman, Bart I; Stevens, Christian V; Mus, Liselot M; Parmar, Virinder S; De Wever, Olivier; Mareel, Marc M

2015-06-06

The goal of the chick heart assay is to offer a relevant organ culture method to study tumor invasion in three dimensions. The assay can distinguish between invasive and non-invasive cells, and enables study of the effects of test compounds on tumor invasion. Cancer cells - either as aggregates or single cells - are confronted with fragments of embryonic chick heart. After organ culture in suspension for a few days or weeks the confronting cultures are fixed and embedded in paraffin for histological analysis. The three-dimensional interaction between the cancer cells and the normal tissue is then reconstructed from serial sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin or after immunohistochemical staining for epitopes in the heart tissue or the confronting cancer cells. The assay is consistent with the recent concept that cancer invasion is the result of molecular interactions between the cancer cells and their neighbouring stromal host elements (myofibroblasts, endothelial cells, extracellular matrix components, etc.). Here, this stromal environment is offered to the cancer cells as a living tissue fragment. Supporting aspects to the relevance of the assay are multiple. Invasion in the assay is in accordance with the criteria of cancer invasion: progressive occupation and replacement in time and space of the host tissue, and invasiveness and non-invasiveness in vivo of the confronting cells generally correlates with the outcome of the assay. Furthermore, the invasion pattern of cells in vivo, as defined by pathologists, is reflected in the histological images in the assay. Quantitative structure-activity relation (QSAR) analysis of the results obtained with numerous potentially anti-invasive organic congener compounds allowed the study of structure-activity relations for flavonoids and chalcones, and known anti-metastatic drugs used in the clinic (e.g., microtubule inhibitors) inhibit invasion in the assay as well. However, the assay does not take into account immunological contributions to cancer invasion.

25 CFR 1000.421 - What is the purpose of this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... AFA or compact and certain other disputes related to self-governance. It also describes the... reconsideration of decisions involving self-governance compacts; and (e) The agency head for certain pre-award AFA...

Effective depth of soil compaction in relation to applied compactive energy.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-02-01

The determination of appropriate lift thickness used in the embankment construction has important economic : and engineering implications in the design, construction, and performance of transportation systems. Department : of Transportations (DOTs) a...

Confrontation--Catalyst for Consensus.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, Vincent M., Jr.

The main question discussed in this paper is whether the confrontations which have been taking place on college campuses these past few years provide the basis for a new consensus which will enable all to move forward with confidence and a renewed sense of achievement. In discussing these confrontations, however, several fallacies need to be…

ADDRESSES ADAPTED FROM THE 24TH ANNUAL INSTITUTE OF RACE RELATIONS (FISK UNIVERSITY, AMISTAD RESEARCH CENTER AND RACE RELATIONS DEPARTMENT, NASHVILLE, TENNESSEE).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

SHERRY, P.H., ED.

THIS JOURNAL CONTAINS SPEECHES ON RACE RELATIONS AND THE NEGRO'S STRUGGLE FOR POLITICAL POWER. WHITNEY YOUNG DISCUSSES "THE SEARCH FOR LIBERALS" WHO WILL NOT BACK DOWN WHEN CONFRONTED BY ANGRY NEGRO DEMANDS FOR INDEPENDENCE AND EQUALITY. BAYARD RUSTIN ANALYZES TRENDS IN THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENT AND CONCLUDES THAT THE MOVEMENT'S CURRENT…

Food for trans-Atlantic rowers: a menu planning model and case study.

PubMed

Clark, Nancy; Coleman, Cato; Figure, Kerri; Mailhot, Tom; Zeigler, John

2003-06-01

Every 4 years, rowers from around the world compete in a 50- to 60-day trans-Atlantic rowing challenge. These ultra-distance rowers require a diet that provides adequate calories, protein, vitamins, minerals, and fluids so they can perform well day after day, minimize fatigue, and stay healthy. Yet, the rowers are confronted with menu planning challenges. The food needs to be lightweight, compact, sturdy, non-spoiling in tropical temperatures, calorie dense, easy to prepare, quick to cook, and good tasting. Financial concerns commonly add another menu planning challenge. The purpose of this case study is to summarize the rowers' food experiences and to provide guidance for sports nutrition professionals who work with ultra-endurance athletes embarking on a physical challenge with similar food requirements. The article provides food and nutrition recommendations as well as practical considerations for ultra-distance athletes. We describe an 8,000 calorie per day menu planning model that uses food exchanges based on familiar, tasty, and reasonably priced supermarket foods that provide the required nutrients and help contain financial costs.

School Public Relations and the Principalship: An Interview with Mark Bielang, President of American Association of School Administrators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Paul

2011-01-01

From returning phone calls to traversing the political landscape to building trust, American Association of School Administrators (AASA) president Mark Bielang covers a lot of territory as he describes the public relations challenges confronting today's school administrators. Having just concluded his term as AASA president, Mr. Bielang has served…

Government-Press Relations in Nigeria: Conflict and Confrontation, 1880-1987.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunt, Gary T.; Seng, Michael P.

An independent, critical press has been active in Nigeria for a century. Most newspapers are privately owned and publish a range of news and commentary, often critical of the government. The history of the relations between the press and the government during the century, and particularly during the 20 months of rule by the Mohammedu Buhari regime…

Consumer Law-Related Education Materials (Grades 4-7). Okeechobee County.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Rodney F., Ed.; Landry, Russell H., Ed.

These teacher-developed learning activities for grades 4-7 deal with consumer law-related topics. The self-contained activities are organized into five sections. Section one contains a role-playing card game that helps students examine rules and feelings. For example, one role-playing situation involves a confrontation between a student and a bus…

Ethical Issues and Questions about Testing for Test Publishers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzgibbon, Thomas J.

The test publisher's responsibility is discussed. "Right and good conduct" of the publisher in relation to the desires of the test user is related to the actual age of the test--old versus new materials. Other issues confronting the test publisher are the conflict between the needs for personal privacy and the claims of the community in relation…

China Confronts Afghan Drugs: Law Enforcement Views of The Golden Crescent

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

US-China relations, and insights into critical developments within China itself. Whether focused on Chinese defense and security issues, Beijing’s... Chinese Assessments of Smuggling and Trafficking Golden Crescent Drugs into Western China.........................................................6... Chinese Assessments of the Growing Seriousness of Golden Crescent Drug Trafficking in Relation to China’s Overall Illegal Drug Patterns

HUMAN RELATIONS IN THE CLASSROOM--A CHALLENGE TO TEACHER EDUCATION.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Central Association of Colleges and Schools, Chicago, IL.

A SURVEY OF A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLE OF 1,075 SECONDARY SCHOOL TEACHERS HAS SHOWN THAT TEACHERS ARE CONFRONTED DAILY IN THEIR CLASSROOMS WITH A WIDE RANGE OF HUMAN RELATIONS PROBLEMS AND SITUATIONS. DECIDING HOW TO DISCUSS SUCH A CONTROVERSIAL SUBJECT AS DISCRIMINATION WITH MINORITY GROUPS OR DECIDING WHETHER OR NOT TO SING SONGS SUCH AS "OLD…

Ideology, "Truth" and Spin: Dialectic Relations between the Neoliberal Think-Tank Movement and Academia in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Lester; Wadley, David

2017-01-01

The context of contemporary universities restrains their ability to drive public policy. Yet, currently, they confront the relative success of a global network of neoliberal institutes, referred to as think-tanks, promoting freedoms derived from particular ideologies. Neoliberal reasoning has so moulded classical ideas of individual freedom into a…

How Staff of Youth Programs Respond to Culture-Related Incidents: Nonengagement Versus Going "Full-Right-In"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gutiérrez, Vanessa; Larson, Reed W.; Raffaelli, Marcela; Fernandez, Mariela; Guzman, Sandy

2017-01-01

Incidents in which program leaders confront issues of culture and race occur regularly in many youth programs. These incidents are important because they reflect powerful dimensions of youth's lived experience and bring issues of injustice and program inclusiveness to the fore. This study examined these culture-related incidents and how leaders…

Interpersonal Relationship Styles in Marathon Group Therapy: A Study with Illicit Drug Users.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Page, Richard C.; Bridges, Ned

1983-01-01

Assessed how illegal drug users (N=12) related to one another during a 16-hour unstructured group marathon. Interaction analysis supported the effectiveness of the marathon group. Members and facilitators were able to relate to each other by confronting significant behaviors and receiving feedback about ways to cope with personal problems. (JAC)

Study of isotropic compact stars in f(R,T,R_{μν}T^{μν}) gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharif, M.; Waseem, Arfa

2016-06-01

In this paper, we investigate physical behavior and stability of compact stars filled with isotropic fluid in f(R,T,R_{μν}T^{μν}) gravity. We consider the static spherically symmetric spacetime and choose the simplest model of this gravity, i.e., R+α R_{μν}T^{μν} . To examine the basic features of compact stars like Her X-1, SAX J 1808.4-3658 and 4U 1820-30, we apply analytic solutions of Krori and Barua metric using the mass-radius relation. We study the behavior of effective energy density, pressure, equation of state parameter and energy conditions in the interior of compact stars. We also explore the stability criteria of compact stars via the speed of sound. It is concluded that all the energy conditions are satisfied and the compact stars are found to be stable at the boundary for this particular model.

Biased processing of threat-related information rather than knowledge deficits contributes to overestimation of threat in obsessive-compulsive disorder.

PubMed

Moritz, Steffen; Pohl, Rüdiger F

2009-11-01

Overestimation of threat (OET) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The present study deconstructed this complex concept and looked for specific deviances in OCD relative to controls. A total of 46 participants with OCD and 51 nonclinical controls were asked: (a) to estimate the incidence rate for 20 events relating to washing, checking, positive, or negative incidents. Furthermore, they were required (b) to assess their personal vulnerability to experience each event type, and (c) to judge the degree of accompanying worry. Later, participants were confronted with the correct statistics and asked (d) to rate their degree of worry versus relief. OCD participants did not provide higher estimates for OCD-related events than healthy participants, thus rendering a knowledge deficit unlikely. The usual unrealistic optimism bias was found in both groups but was markedly attenuated in OCD participants. OCD-related events worried OCD participants more than controls. Confrontation with the correct statistics appeased OCD participants less than healthy participants. Even in the case of large initial overestimations for OCD-related events, correct information appeased OCD participants significantly less than healthy participants. Our results suggest that OCD is not associated with a knowledge deficit regarding OCD-related events but that patients feel personally more vulnerable than nonclinical controls.

Relativistic compact stars with charged anisotropic matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maurya, S. K.; Banerjee, Ayan; Channuie, Phongpichit

2018-05-01

In this article, we perform a detailed theoretical analysis of new exact solutions with anisotropic fluid distribution of matter for compact objects subject to hydrostatic equilibrium. We present a family solution to the Einstein-Maxwell equations describing a spherically symmetric, static distribution of a fluid with pressure anisotropy. We implement an embedding class one condition to obtain a relation between the metric functions. We generalize the properties of a spherical star with hydrostatic equilibrium using the generalised Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff (TOV) equation. We match the interior solution to an exterior Reissner-Nordström one, and study the energy conditions, speed of sound, and mass-radius relation of the star. We also show that the obtained solutions are compatible with observational data for the compact object Her X-1. Regarding our results, the physical behaviour of the present model may serve for the modeling of ultra compact objects.

Coherent states for quantum compact groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurĉo, B.; Ŝťovíĉek, P.

1996-12-01

Coherent states are introduced and their properties are discussed for simple quantum compact groups A l, Bl, Cl and D l. The multiplicative form of the canonical element for the quantum double is used to introduce the holomorphic coordinates on a general quantum dressing orbit. The coherent state is interpreted as a holomorphic function on this orbit with values in the carrier Hilbert space of an irreducible representation of the corresponding quantized enveloping algebra. Using Gauss decomposition, the commutation relations for the holomorphic coordinates on the dressing orbit are derived explicitly and given in a compact R-matrix formulation (generalizing this way the q-deformed Grassmann and flag manifolds). The antiholomorphic realization of the irreducible representations of a compact quantum group (the analogue of the Borel-Weil construction) is described using the concept of coherent state. The relation between representation theory and non-commutative differential geometry is suggested.

THE STELLAR MASS FUNDAMENTAL PLANE AND COMPACT QUIESCENT GALAXIES AT z < 0.6

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zahid, H. Jabran; Damjanov, Ivana; Geller, Margaret J.

2016-04-20

We examine the evolution of the relation between stellar mass surface density, velocity dispersion, and half-light radius—the stellar mass fundamental plane (MFP)—for quiescent galaxies at z < 0.6. We measure the local relation from galaxies in the Sloan Digital Sky Survey and the intermediate redshift relation from ∼500 quiescent galaxies with stellar masses 10 ≲ log( M {sub *}/ M {sub ⊙}) ≲ 11.5. Nearly half of the quiescent galaxies in our intermediate redshift sample are compact. After accounting for important selection and systematic effects, the velocity dispersion distribution of galaxies at intermediate redshifts is similar to that of galaxiesmore » in the local universe. Galaxies at z < 0.6 appear to be smaller (≲0.1 dex) than galaxies in the local sample. The orientation of the stellar MFP is independent of redshift for massive quiescent galaxies at z < 0.6 and the zero-point evolves by ∼0.04 dex. Compact quiescent galaxies fall on the same relation as the extended objects. We confirm that compact quiescent galaxies are the tail of the size and mass distribution of the normal quiescent galaxy population.« less

Observational properties of compact groups of galaxies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hickson, Paul

1990-01-01

Compact groups are small, relatively isolated, systems of galaxies with projected separations comparable to the diameters of the galaxies themselves. Two well-known examples are Stephan's Quintet (Stephan, 1877) and Seyfert's Sextet (Seyfert 1948a,b). In groups such as these, the apparent space density of galaxies approaches 10(exp 6) Mpc(sub -3), denser even than the cores of rich clusters. The apparent unlikeliness of the chance occurrence of such tight groupings lead Ambartsumyan (1958, 1975) to conclude that compact groups must be physically dense systems. This view is supported by clear signs of galaxy interactions that are seen in many groups. Spectroscopic observations reveal that typical relative velocities of galaxies in the groups are comparable to their internal stellar velocities. This should be conducive to strong gravitational interactions - more so than in rich clusters, where galaxy velocities are typically much higher. This suggests that compact groups could be excellent laboratories in which to study galaxy interactions and their effects. Compact groups often contain one or more galaxies whose redshift differs greatly from those of the other group members. If these galaxies are at the same distance as the other members, either entire galaxies are being ejected at high velocities from these groups, or some new physical phenomena must be occurring. If their redshifts are cosmological, we must explain why so many discordant galaxies are found in compact groups. In recent years much progress has been made in addressing these questions. Here, the author discusses the current observational data on compact groups and their implications.

Confronting Perpetrators of Prejudice: The Inhibitory Effects of Social Costs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shelton, J. Nicole; Stewart, Rebecca E.

2004-01-01

The purpose of this research is to investigate the extent to which social costs influence whether or not targets of prejudice confront individuals who behave in a prejudiced manner during interpersonal interactions. Consistent with our predictions, we found that although women believe they will confront perpetrators of prejudice regardless of the…

The Vatican & Population Growth Control: Why an American Confrontation?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mumford, Stephen D.

1983-01-01

The Vatican, because of its position on population growth, threatens the security of all nations. Catholic countries with right-wing dictatorships cannot confront the Vatican on family planning and survive. U.S. Catholics must confront the Vatican on this issue. American lay Catholics must break the American church away from the Vatican control.…

When Professors Confront Themselves: Towards a Theoretical Conceptualization of Video Self-Confrontation in Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perlberg, Arye

1983-01-01

Two explanations of the underlying process in faculty self-evaluation by videotape recording are outlined and integrated into one conceptualization. One theory is based on affect: self-confrontation, dissonance, stress, distress, and eustress. The second is based on a cognitive and information processing approach and includes feedback,…

Use of roller-compacted concrete pavement in Stafford, Virginia.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-05-01

Roller-compacted concrete (RCC) is a relatively stiffer hydraulic cement concrete mixture than regular concrete when : fresh. Similar to regular concrete, RCC is a mixture of aggregate, cementitious materials, and water, but it is placed using asphal...

Gravitational radiation emitted when a mass falls onto a compact star.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borelli, A.

1997-03-01

The authors study the energy spectrum related to the axial perturbations of a compact star when a particle falls spiralling onto it. They find that both slowly-damped quasi-normal modes and strongly damped w-modes are excited, and that a part of the energy in the process is associated to these w-modes. A substantial difference between the energy spectra of compact stars and black holes is shown.

Relationship between job stress level and coping strategies used by Hong Kong nurses working in an acute surgical unit.

PubMed

Wang, Wenru; Kong, Amelia Wai Man; Chair, Sek Ying

2011-11-01

The aim of this study is to explore the relationship between job stress and coping strategies of Hong Kong nurses working in an acute surgical unit. This is a descriptive correlational study. Data were collected from 98 Hong Kong surgical nurses using the Nursing Stress Scale and the Jalowiec Coping Scale. Results showed that workload (M = 15.36), lack of support (M = 13.32), and inadequate preparation (M = 12.33) are the most common stressors for Hong Kong surgical nurses. The most frequent strategies used by nurses to cope with stress can be characterized as evasive (M = 19.23), confrontive (M = 17.46), and optimistic (M = 15.81), all of which are also rated as the most effective strategies in reducing stress levels. Only the confrontive, optimistic, supportant, and emotive coping strategies reveal significant correlations (p < .05) with the stress levels of nurses, whereas the evasive, fatalistic, palliative, and self-reliant strategies showed no significant correlation with stress levels (p > .05). Recognizing the impacts of job-related stress and making use of effective coping methods play a vital role in reducing nurse's stress. A change in leadership styles from the managerial level and reallocation of manpower may help reduce job stress. The use of confrontive and optimistic coping strategies in reducing job-related stress for surgical nurses should be advocated and promoted in their daily work. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Confronting Violence through the Arts: A Thematic Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arnold, Alice

2005-01-01

When art, music, and poetry are integrated into the art room, children can confront difficult themes in works of art and process information in highly personal ways (Jewitt & Kress, 2003). An arts classroom gives children the time and place to confront images of war and violence and decode the multiple levels of meaning (Arnold, 1997) found within…

Achieving Affective Competencies through the Teacher Concerns-Self Confrontation Model of Personalized Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, Frances F.

A three-level model was derived from the literature on motivation and behavior change processes and from specific research on teacher concerns and self-confrontation. Teacher concerns comprise the first level of the model: concerns about self, task, and pupils. Self-confrontation feedback and behavior change procedures comprise the second level:…

Mountain bike trail compaction relation to selected physical parameters

Treesearch

Jeff Hale; Rodney R. Zwick

2002-01-01

The purpose of this research is to explore the rates of compaction and their relation to trail contextual aspects of: soil type, slope and crown cover on a newly established mountain bike trail in the northern reach of Vermont. A random sample of 52 sites was selected for monitoring on the 1.09-mile trail. Three penetrometer readings were taken at each of the sample...

Effects of Process Parameters on Copper Powder Compaction Process Using Multi-Particle Finite Element Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güner, F.; Sofuoğlu, H.

2018-01-01

Powder metallurgy (PM) has been widely used in several industries; especially automotive and aerospace industries and powder metallurgy products grow up every year. The mechanical properties of the final product that is obtained by cold compaction and sintering in powder metallurgy are closely related to the final relative density of the process. The distribution of the relative density in the die is affected by parameters such as compaction velocity, friction coefficient and temperature. Moreover, most of the numerical studies utilizing finite element approaches treat the examined environment as a continuous media with uniformly homogeneous porosity whereas Multi-Particle Finite Element Method (MPFEM) treats every particles as an individual body. In MPFEM, each of the particles can be defined as an elastic- plastic deformable body, so the interactions of the particles with each other and the die wall can be investigated. In this study, each particle was modelled and analyzed as individual deformable body with 3D tetrahedral elements by using MPFEM approach. This study, therefore, was performed to investigate the effects of different temperatures and compaction velocities on stress distribution and deformations of copper powders of 200 µm-diameter in compaction process. Furthermore, 3-D MPFEM model utilized von Mises material model and constant coefficient of friction of μ=0.05. In addition to MPFEM approach, continuum modelling approach was also performed for comparison purposes.

Controversial issues confronting the BEIR III committee: implications for radiation protection

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fabrikant, J.I.

1981-05-01

This paper reviews the state-of-the-art for conducting risk assessment studies, especially known and unknown factors relative to radioinduced cancer or other diseases, sources of scientific and epidemiological data, dose-response models used, and uncertainties which limit precision of estimation of excess radiation risks. These are related to decision making for radiation protection policy. (PSB)

The Relation between Types of Assessment Tasks and the Mathematical Reasoning Students Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boesen, Jesper; Lithner, Johan; Palm, Torulf

2010-01-01

The relation between types of tasks and the mathematical reasoning used by students trying to solve tasks in a national test situation is analyzed. The results show that when confronted with test tasks that share important properties with tasks in the textbook the students solved them by trying to recall facts or algorithms. Such test tasks did…

Dealing with Activism in Canada: An Ideal Cultural Fit for the Two-Way Symmetrical Public Relations Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guiniven, John E.

2002-01-01

Notes that disputes are seen as much less confrontational, much less zero-sum games in Canada than in the United States. Interviews 15 communications and public relations practitioners and professors with experiences on both sides of the 49th parallel and reviews relevant literature. Concludes that the greater acceptance of two-way symmetrical…

I-Love relations for incompressible stars and realistic stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chan, T. K.; Chan, AtMa P. O.; Leung, P. T.

2015-02-01

In spite of the diversity in the equations of state of nuclear matter, the recently discovered I-Love-Q relations [Yagi and Yunes, Science 341, 365 (2013), 10.1126/science.1236462], which relate the moment of inertia, tidal Love number (deformability), and the spin-induced quadrupole moment of compact stars, hold for various kinds of realistic neutron stars and quark stars. While the physical origin of such universality is still a current issue, the observation that the I-Love-Q relations of incompressible stars can well approximate those of realistic compact stars hints at a new direction to approach the problem. In this paper, by establishing recursive post-Minkowskian expansion for the moment of inertia and the tidal deformability of incompressible stars, we analytically derive the I-Love relation for incompressible stars and show that the so-obtained formula can be used to accurately predict the behavior of realistic compact stars from the Newtonian limit to the maximum mass limit.

Observation, Serendipity, and Climatic Change

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schaefer, Vincent J.

1974-01-01

Provides an illustration of the contribution of serendipitous happenings to scientific information and relates this to a consideration of social and technical problems confronting mankind. The author decries an unfortunate tendency in science today: that of discarding observational aspects of field activities which cannot easily be made…

Public School Choice: Let the Education Buyer Beware.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gainey, Donald D.

1995-01-01

Within an open-market system, educators must confront a basic philosophical conflict between equity and excellence. Public school choice requires that educators review all existing rules, roles, and relationships related to school practice and adequately address new competition, accountability, and assessment challenges. Schools must have…

78 FR 14151 - Delegation by the Secretary of State to the Assistant Secretary for Consular Affairs and the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-04

... Authority To Make Findings of Extraordinary Circumstance for Aliens Who Remain in the United States Beyond..., relative to circumstances that may be confronted by one or more aliens, to ensure that the alien would not...

Standards Supporters Firing Back

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ujifusa, Andrew

2013-01-01

Supporters of the Common Core State Standards are moving to confront increasingly high-profile opposition to the standards at the state and national levels by rallying the private sector and initiating coordinated public relations and advertising campaigns as schools continue implementation. In states such as Michigan and Tennessee, where…

The Crisis in Upbringing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vul'fson, B. L.

2007-01-01

What is man? How do people differ in terms of their biological and psychological characteristics? What determines their thoughts, desires, and actions? These eternal questions, which have confronted thinkers and scientists since antiquity, relate directly to problems of upbringing. Under current conditions, it is increasingly obvious that to…

Informal Learning. Symposium 27. [AHRD Conference, 2001].

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2001

This document contains three papers on informal learning and human resource development. "Workplace Learning Reviewed: Confronting the Rhetoric with Empirical Research" (Rob F. Poell, Ferd J. Van der Krogt) discusses the considerable discrepancy between theory on workplace learning and actual workplace learning-related developments in…

Confidentiality and Public Policy Regarding Children with HIV Infection.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harvey, David C.

1994-01-01

Addresses the relationship between law and policy, examining significant gains in establishing legal precedents for protecting the educational rights of children with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection in confronting HIV-related discrimination. The article looks at legal principles of confidentiality, disclosure, negligence and potential…

31 CFR 13.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... means a need for protection requiring measurable reinforcements of police personnel or equipment, or... actual or potential violence related to: (1) Confrontations between nationalist or other groups, (2) threats or acts of violence by terrorist or other groups, (3) a specific diplomatic event or visit, or (4...

Influence of wood-derived biochar on the compactibility and strength of silt loam soil

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahmed, Ahmed; Gariepy, Yvan; Raghavan, Vijaya

2017-04-01

Biochar is proven to enhance soil fertility and increase crop productivity. Given that the influence of biochar on soil compaction remains unclear, selected physico-mechanical properties of soil amended with wood-derived biochar were assessed. For unamended silt loam, the bulk density, maximum bulk density, optimum moisture content, plastic limit, liquid limit, and plasticity index were 1.05 Mg m-3, 1.69 Mg m-3, 16.55, 17.1, 29.3, and 12.2%, respectively. The penetration resistance and shear strength of the unamended silt loam compacted in the standard compaction Proctor mold and at its optimum moisture content were 1800 kPa and 850 kPa, respectively. Results from amending the silt loam with 10% particle size ranges (0.5-212 μm) led to relative decreases of 18.1, 17.75, 66.66, and 97.4% in bulk density, maximum bulk density, penetration resistance, and shear strength, respectively; a 26.8% relative increase in optimum moisture content; along with absolute increases in plastic limit, liquid limit, and plasticity index of 5.3, 13.7, and 8.4%, respectively. While the biochar-amended silt loam soil was more susceptible to compaction, however, soil mechanical impedance enhanced.

Scale and modeling issues in water resources planning

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lins, H.F.; Wolock, D.M.; McCabe, G.J.

1997-01-01

Resource planners and managers interested in utilizing climate model output as part of their operational activities immediately confront the dilemma of scale discordance. Their functional responsibilities cover relatively small geographical areas and necessarily require data of relatively high spatial resolution. Climate models cover a large geographical, i.e. global, domain and produce data at comparatively low spatial resolution. Although the scale differences between model output and planning input are large, several techniques have been developed for disaggregating climate model output to a scale appropriate for use in water resource planning and management applications. With techniques in hand to reduce the limitations imposed by scale discordance, water resource professionals must now confront a more fundamental constraint on the use of climate models-the inability to produce accurate representations and forecasts of regional climate. Given the current capabilities of climate models, and the likelihood that the uncertainty associated with long-term climate model forecasts will remain high for some years to come, the water resources planning community may find it impractical to utilize such forecasts operationally.

Tidal deformations of compact stars with crystalline quark matter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lau, S. Y.; Leung, P. T.; Lin, L.-M.

2017-05-01

We study the tidal deformability of bare quark stars and hybrid compact stars composed of a quark-matter core in general relativity, assuming that the deconfined quark matter exists in a crystalline color superconducting phase. We find that taking the elastic property of crystalline quark matter into account in the calculation of the tidal deformability can break the universal I-Love relation discovered for fluid compact stars, which connects the moment of inertia and tidal deformability. Our result suggests that measurements of the moment of inertia and tidal deformability can in principle be used to test the existence of solid quark stars, despite our ignorance of the high-density equation of state. Assuming that the moment of inertia can be measured to 10% level, one can then distinguish a 1.4 (1 ) M⊙ solid quark star described by our quark-matter equation of state model with a gap parameter Δ =25 MeV from a fluid compact star if the tidal deformability can be measured to about 10% (45%) level. On the other hand, we find that the nuclear matter fluid envelope of a hybrid star can screen out the effect of the solid core significantly so that the resulting I-Love relation for hybrid stars still agrees with the universal relation for fluid stars to about 1% level.

Quantitative analysis of packed and compacted granular systems by x-ray microtomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Xiaowei; Milroy, Georgina E.; Dutt, Meenakshi; Bentham, A. Craig; Hancock, Bruno C.; Elliott, James A.

2005-04-01

The packing and compaction of powders are general processes in pharmaceutical, food, ceramic and powder metallurgy industries. Understanding how particles pack in a confined space and how powders behave during compaction is crucial for producing high quality products. This paper outlines a new technique, based on modern desktop X-ray tomography and image processing, to quantitatively investigate the packing of particles in the process of powder compaction and provide great insights on how powder densify during powder compaction, which relate in terms of materials properties and processing conditions to tablet manufacture by compaction. A variety of powder systems were considered, which include glass, sugar, NaCl, with a typical particle size of 200-300 mm and binary mixtures of NaCl-Glass Spheres. The results are new and have been validated by SEM observation and numerical simulations using discrete element methods (DEM). The research demonstrates that XMT technique has the potential in further investigating of pharmaceutical processing and even verifying other physical models on complex packing.

Compaction of quasi-one-dimensional elastoplastic materials.

PubMed

Shaebani, M Reza; Najafi, Javad; Farnudi, Ali; Bonn, Daniel; Habibi, Mehdi

2017-06-06

Insight into crumpling or compaction of one-dimensional objects is important for understanding biopolymer packaging and designing innovative technological devices. By compacting various types of wires in rigid confinements and characterizing the morphology of the resulting crumpled structures, here, we report how friction, plasticity and torsion enhance disorder, leading to a transition from coiled to folded morphologies. In the latter case, where folding dominates the crumpling process, we find that reducing the relative wire thickness counter-intuitively causes the maximum packing density to decrease. The segment size distribution gradually becomes more asymmetric during compaction, reflecting an increase of spatial correlations. We introduce a self-avoiding random walk model and verify that the cumulative injected wire length follows a universal dependence on segment size, allowing for the prediction of the efficiency of compaction as a function of material properties, container size and injection force.

From Confrontation to Cooperation: 8th International Seminar on Nuclear War

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zichichi, A.; Dardo, M.

1992-09-01

The Table of Contents for the full book PDF is as follows: * OPENING SESSION * A. Zichichi: Opening Statements * R. Nicolosi: Opening Statements * MESSAGES * CONTRIBUTIONS * "The Contribution of the Erice Seminars in East-West-North-South Scientific Relations" * 1. LASER TECHNOLOGY * "Progress in laser technology" * "Progress in laboratory high gain ICF: prospects for the future" * "Applications of laser in metallurgy" * "Laser tissue interactions in medicine and surgery" * "Laser fusion" * "Compact X-ray lasers in the laboratory" * "Alternative method for inertial confinement" * "Laser technology in China" * 2. NUCLEAR AND CHEMICAL SAFETY * "Reactor safety and reactor design" * "Thereotical analysis and numerical modelling of heat transfer and fuel migration in underlying soils and constructive elements of nuclear plants during an accident release from the core" * "How really to attain reactor safely" * "The problem of chemical weapons" * "Long terms genetic effects of nuclear and chemical accidents" * "Features of the brain which are of importance in understanding the mode of operation of toxic substances and of radiation" * "CO2 and ultra safe reactors" * 3. USE OF MISSILES * "How to convert INF technology for peaceful scientific purposes" * "Beating words into plowshares: a proposal for the peaceful uses of retired nuclear warheads" * "Some thoughts on the peaceful use of retired nuclear warheads" * "Status of the HEFEST project" * 4. OZONE * "Status of the ozone layer problem" * 5. CONVENTIONAL AND NUCLEAR FORCE RESTRUCTURING IN EUROPE * 6. CONFLICT AVOIDANCE MODEL * 7. GENERAL DISCUSSION OF THE WORLD LAB PROJECTS * "East-West-North-South Collaboration in Subnuclear Physics" * "Status of the World Lab in the USSR" * CLOSING SESSION

An Active Black Hole in a Compact Dwarf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2016-05-01

A new type of galaxy has just been added to the galaxy zoo: a small, compact, and old elliptical galaxy that shows signs of a monster black hole actively accreting material in its center. What can this unusual discovery tell us about how compact elliptical galaxies form?A New Galactic BeastCompact elliptical galaxies are an extremely rare early-type dwarf galaxy. Consistent with their name, compact ellipticals are small, very compact collections of ancient stars; these galaxies exhibit a high surface brightness and arent actively forming stars.Optical view of the ancient compact elliptical galaxy SDSS J085431.18+173730.5 (center of image) in an SDSS color composite image. [Adapted from Paudel et al. 2016]Most compact ellipticals are found in dense environments, particularly around massive galaxies. This has led astronomers to believe that compact ellipticals might form via the tidal stripping of a once-large galaxy in interactions with another, massive galaxy. In this model, once the original galaxys outer layers are stripped away, the compact inner bulge component would be left behind as a compact elliptical galaxy. Recent discoveries of a few isolated compact ellipticals, however, have strained this model.Now a new galaxy has been found to confuse our classification schemes: the first-ever compact elliptical to also display signs of an active galactic nucleus. Led by Sanjaya Paudel (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute), a team of scientists discovered SDSS J085431.18+173730.5 serendipitously in Sloan Digital Sky Survey data. The team used SDSS images and spectroscopy in combination with data from the Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope to learn more about this unique galaxy.Puzzling CharacteristicsSDSS J085431.18+173730.5 presents an interesting conundrum. Ancient compact ellipticals are supposed to be devoid of gas, with no fuel left to trigger nuclear activity. Yet SDSS J085431.18+173730.5 clearly shows the emission lines that indicate active accretion onto a supermassive black hole of ~2 million solar masses, according to the authors estimates. Paudel and collaboratorsshow that this mass is consistent with the low-mass extension of the known scaling relation between central black-hole mass and brightness of the host galaxy.Central black hole mass vs. bulge K-band magnitude. SDSS J085431.18+173730.5 (red dot) falls right on the low-mass extension of the observed scaling relation. It has similar properties to M32, another compact elliptical galaxy. [Adapted from Paudel et al. 2016]To add to the mystery, SDSS J085431.18+173730.5 has no nearby neighbors: like the few other isolated compact ellipticals recently discovered, there are no massive galaxies in the immediate vicinity that could have led to its tidal stripping. So how was this puzzling ancient galaxy formed?The authors of this study support a previously proposed flyby scenario: isolated compact ellipticals may simply be tidally stripped systems that ran away from their hosts. Paudel and collaborators suggest that SDSS J085431.18+173730.5 might have long ago interacted with NGC 2672 a galaxy group located a whopping 6.5 million light-years away before being flung out to its current location.Further studies of this unique galaxys emission profile, as well as efforts to learn about its underlying stellar population and central kinematics, will hopefully help us to better understand not only the origins of this galaxy, but how all compact ellipticals form and evolve.CitationSanjaya Paudel et al 2016 ApJ 820 L19. doi:10.3847/2041-8205/820/1/L19

Evolution of the microstructure during the process of consolidation and bonding in soft granular solids.

PubMed

Yohannes, B; Gonzalez, M; Abebe, A; Sprockel, O; Nikfar, F; Kiang, S; Cuitiño, A M

2016-04-30

The evolution of microstructure during powder compaction process was investigated using a discrete particle modeling, which accounts for particle size distribution and material properties, such as plasticity, elasticity, and inter-particle bonding. The material properties were calibrated based on powder compaction experiments and validated based on tensile strength test experiments for lactose monohydrate and microcrystalline cellulose, which are commonly used excipient in pharmaceutical industry. The probability distribution function and the orientation of contact forces were used to study the evolution of the microstructure during the application of compaction pressure, unloading, and ejection of the compact from the die. The probability distribution function reveals that the compression contact forces increase as the compaction force increases (or the relative density increases), while the maximum value of the tensile contact forces remains the same. During unloading of the compaction pressure, the distribution approaches a normal distribution with a mean value of zero. As the contact forces evolve, the anisotropy of the powder bed also changes. Particularly, during loading, the compression contact forces are aligned along the direction of the compaction pressure, whereas the tensile contact forces are oriented perpendicular to direction of the compaction pressure. After ejection, the contact forces become isotropic. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Measuring Reading Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blanton, William E., Ed.; And Others

Designed to provide solutions to some of the problems related to measuring reading behavior, this publication explores some of the problems of test selection and usage which confront educators. Contents include "Reading Testing for Reading Evaluation" by Walter R. Hill, "Reading Tests and the Disadvantaged" by Thomas J. Fitzgibbon, "What Is…

Anglo-Native Relations in Australia, New Zealand and the USA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Havighurst, Robert J.

1984-01-01

The consequences of contact between Western culture and Australian Aborigines, New Zealand Maoris, and North American Indians are chronicled. The historical manifestations of cultural confrontation--the interaction between technological, aggressive Anglo society and societies without the value orientation or technology to withstand the onslaught…

Choices for Science. Symposium Proceedings. Bunting Institute Working Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Radcliffe Coll., Cambridge, MA. Mary Ingraham Bunting Inst.

These proceedings result from a symposium designed to provide a forum for the consideration of major social issues confronting science today. Participants (including scientists at different stages of career development from undergraduate concentrator to Nobel laureate) discussed issues related to the scientist's responsibilities as scientist and…

Can MOOCs Enhance Sexuality Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldman, Juliette

2016-01-01

There is a revolution taking place in teacher/learner/technology relations. At primary, secondary and tertiary education levels, teachers and students are being confronted by new technologies, new pedagogies, new relationships in teacher-student roles, as well as reconsiderations about how information is to be learned. The growth of information…

Confronting School: Immigrant Families, Hope, Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amigó, María Florencia

2017-01-01

While children remain at the center of families' decisions to emigrate, the global contexts and technologies that allow diasporas to remain connected to their cultures have influenced families' aspirations in relation to their children's education. This article presents data from a qualitative study on how immigrant families negotiate the…

Counseling Adult Sex Offenders: Unique Challenges and Treatment Paradigms.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Priest, Ronnie; Smith, Annalee

1992-01-01

Reviews current definitions and research literature related to characteristics of adults who sexually victimize children. Presents discussion of pedophilia as a sexual deviation. Examines treatment issues that may confront counselors engaged in treating adults who sexually victimize children and discusses implications for practitioners. (Author/NB)

Forty Years of Struggle and Still No Right to Inuit Education in Nunavut

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rasmussen, Derek

2011-01-01

In this article issues related to policy and education in the Canadian Arctic are critically put to question. The focus is on the struggle for Inuit education, language issues, and supporting minority rights, with pragmatic solutions proposed to the problems confronting Nunavut.

Students with AIDS. A Legal Memorandum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strope, John L., Jr.; Broadwell, Cathy Allen

When confronted with a student with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), administrators must act very cautiously. In addition to the public relations and political problems asociated with students with AIDS, administrators are faced with the legal implications of their decisions; their actions, if uninformed, can result in monetary…

METHOD FOR SOLVENT-ISOSTATIC PRESSING

DOEpatents

Archibald, P.B.

1962-09-18

This invention provides a method for producing densely compacted bodies having relatively large dimensions. The method comprises the addition of a small quantity of a suitable solvent to a powder which is to be compacted. The solvent- moistened powder is placed inside a flexible bag, and the bag is suspended in an isostatic press. The solvent is squeezed out of the powder by the isostatic pressure, and the resulting compacted body is recovered. The presence of the solvent markedly decreases the proportion of void space in the powder, thereby resulting in a denser, more homogeneous compact. Another effect of the solvent is that it allows the isostatic pressing operation to be conducted at substantially lower pressures than are conventionally employed. (AEC)

Physical properties and microstructure study of stainless steel 316L alloy fabricated by selective laser melting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Islam, Nurul Kamariah Md Saiful; Harun, Wan Sharuzi Wan; Ghani, Saiful Anwar Che; Omar, Mohd Asnawi; Ramli, Mohd Hazlen; Ismail, Muhammad Hussain

2017-12-01

Selective Laser Melting (SLM) demonstrates the 21st century's manufacturing infrastructure in which powdered raw material is melted by a high energy focused laser, and built up layer-by-layer until it forms three-dimensional metal parts. SLM process involves a variation of process parameters which affects the final material properties. 316L stainless steel compacts through the manipulation of building orientation and powder layer thickness parameters were manufactured by SLM. The effect of the manipulated parameters on the relative density and dimensional accuracy of the 316L stainless steel compacts, which were in the as-build condition, were experimented and analysed. The relationship between the microstructures and the physical properties of fabricated 316L stainless steel compacts was investigated in this study. The results revealed that 90° building orientation has higher relative density and dimensional accuracy than 0° building orientation. Building orientation was found to give more significant effect in terms of dimensional accuracy, and relative density of SLM compacts compare to build layer thickness. Nevertheless, the existence of large number and sizes of pores greatly influences the low performances of the density.

Visual Field Function in School-Aged Children with Spastic Unilateral Cerebral Palsy Related to Different Patterns of Brain Damage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobson, Lena; Rydberg, Agneta; Eliasson, Ann-Christin; Kits, Annika; Flodmark, Olof

2010-01-01

Aim: To relate visual field function to brain morphology in children with unilateral cerebral palsy (CP). Method: Visual field function was assessed using the confrontation technique and Goldmann perimetry in 29 children (15 males, 14 females; age range 7-17y, median age 11y) with unilateral CP classified at Gross Motor Function Classification…

Relationship between urban sprawl and physical activity, obesity, and morbidity - update and refinement.

PubMed

Ewing, Reid; Meakins, Gail; Hamidi, Shima; Nelson, Arthur C

2014-03-01

This study aims to model multiple health outcomes and behaviors in terms of the updated, refined, and validated county compactness/sprawl measures. Multiple health outcomes and behaviors are modeled using multi-level analysis. After controlling for observed confounding influences, both original and new compactness measures are negatively related to BMI, obesity, heart disease, high blood pressure, and diabetes. Indices are not significantly related to physical activity, perhaps because physical activity is not defined broadly to include active travel to work, shopping, and other destinations. Developing urban and suburban areas in a more compact manner may have some salutary effect on obesity and chronic disease trends. Copyright © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Predicting gravitational lensing by stellar remnants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Harding, Alexander J.; Stefano, R. Di; Lépine, S.; Urama, J.; Pham, D.; Baker, C.

2018-03-01

Gravitational lensing provides a means to measure mass that does not rely on detecting and analysing light from the lens itself. Compact objects are ideal gravitational lenses, because they have relatively large masses and are dim. In this paper, we describe the prospects for predicting lensing events generated by the local population of compact objects, consisting of 250 neutron stars, five black holes, and ≈35 000 white dwarfs. By focusing on a population of nearby compact objects with measured proper motions and known distances from us, we can measure their masses by studying the characteristics of any lensing event they generate. Here, we concentrate on shifts in the position of a background source due to lensing by a foreground compact object. With Hubble Space Telescope, JWST, and Gaia, measurable centroid shifts caused by lensing are relatively frequent occurrences. We find that 30-50 detectable events per decade are expected for white dwarfs. Because relatively few neutron stars and black holes have measured distances and proper motions, it is more difficult to compute realistic rates for them. However, we show that at least one isolated neutron star has likely produced detectable events during the past several decades. This work is particularly relevant to the upcoming data releases by the Gaia mission and also to data that will be collected by JWST. Monitoring predicted microlensing events will not only help to determine the masses of compact objects, but will also potentially discover dim companions to these stellar remnants, including orbiting exoplanets.

La Grippe and World War I: conflict participation and pandemic confrontation.

PubMed

Steele, B J; Collins, C D

2009-01-01

This paper assesses whether a nation-state's participation in conflict influences its ability to confront global pandemic or disease. Two alternative hypotheses are proposed. First, increased levels of conflict participation lead to increased abilities of states to confront pandemics. A second and alternative hypothesis is that increased conflict participation decreases the ability of states to confront pandemics. The hypotheses are tested through the ultimate case of war and pandemic: the 1918 Influenza pandemic (Spanish Flu or 'La Grippe') that killed 20-100 million people worldwide. Using simple correlation and case illustrations, we test these hypotheses with special focus upon the ability of the participant countries to confront the pandemic. The findings suggest, in a limited and varied fashion, that while neutral countries enjoyed the lowest levels of pandemic deaths, of the participant countries greater levels of conflict participation correlate with lower levels of pandemic deaths. The paper concludes with some propositions regarding the relationship between the current 'war on terror' and prospective pandemics such as avian flu.

Effect of the variation in the ambient moisture on the compaction behavior of powder undergoing roller-compaction and on the characteristics of tablets produced from the post-milled granules.

PubMed

Gupta, Abhay; Peck, Garnet E; Miller, Ronald W; Morris, Kenneth R

2005-10-01

Effect of variation in the ambient moisture levels on the compaction behavior of a 10% acetaminophen (APAP) powder blend in microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) powder was studied by comparing the physical and mechanical properties of ribbons prepared by roller compaction with those of simulated ribbons, i.e., tablets prepared under uni-axial compression. Relative density, moisture content, tensile strength, and Young's modulus were used as key compact properties for comparison. Moisture was found to facilitate the particle rearrangement of both, the APAP and the MCC particles, as well as the deformation of the MCC particles. The tensile strength of the simulated ribbons also showed an increase with increasing moisture content. An interesting observation was that the tensile strength of the roller compacted samples first increased and then decreased with increasing moisture content. Variation in the ambient moisture during roller compaction was also found to influence the characteristics of tablets produced from the granules obtained post-milling the ribbons. A method to study this influence is also reported. Copyright (c) 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association

Confronting quasi-exponential inflation with WMAP seven

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pal, Barun Kumar; Pal, Supratik; Basu, B., E-mail: barunp1985@rediffmail.com, E-mail: pal@th.physik.uni-bonn.de, E-mail: banasri@isical.ac.in

2012-04-01

We confront quasi-exponential models of inflation with WMAP seven years dataset using Hamilton Jacobi formalism. With a phenomenological Hubble parameter, representing quasi exponential inflation, we develop the formalism and subject the analysis to confrontation with WMAP seven using the publicly available code CAMB. The observable parameters are found to fair extremely well with WMAP seven. We also obtain a ratio of tensor to scalar amplitudes which may be detectable in PLANCK.

Compaction of quasi-one-dimensional elastoplastic materials

PubMed Central

Shaebani, M. Reza; Najafi, Javad; Farnudi, Ali; Bonn, Daniel; Habibi, Mehdi

2017-01-01

Insight into crumpling or compaction of one-dimensional objects is important for understanding biopolymer packaging and designing innovative technological devices. By compacting various types of wires in rigid confinements and characterizing the morphology of the resulting crumpled structures, here, we report how friction, plasticity and torsion enhance disorder, leading to a transition from coiled to folded morphologies. In the latter case, where folding dominates the crumpling process, we find that reducing the relative wire thickness counter-intuitively causes the maximum packing density to decrease. The segment size distribution gradually becomes more asymmetric during compaction, reflecting an increase of spatial correlations. We introduce a self-avoiding random walk model and verify that the cumulative injected wire length follows a universal dependence on segment size, allowing for the prediction of the efficiency of compaction as a function of material properties, container size and injection force. PMID:28585550

About the nature of design in universal design.

PubMed

Heylighen, Ann

2014-01-01

Studies suggest that the concept of universal design (UD) is not widely accepted and that some of its ideas are received rather sceptically. This article confronts the concept of UD with prevailing notions and practices of design. It examines how UD can be situated relative to design in general, and explores whether elements in the nature of design can help us explain this scepticism. The article confronts writings about how design is understood with the concept and ideas of UD. This confrontation is substantiated with examples from studies of design processes in architectural design practice. The confrontation highlights the ambiguity of how UD is framed and presented, ranging from an attitude over something utopian to a normative design domain. (1) Besides UD other attitudes are thinkable that address the diversity in human abilities and conditions. (2) The impossibility to really design for everyone may be inherent to design rather than characteristic of UD. (3) Even if UD as a normative design domain were a top priority, the question remains how to assess whether a design is universally usable given the nature of design (problems), and prevailing design practices. Implications for Rehabilitation Understanding disability as originating in the interaction between features of an individual's body and features of his/her environment, as universal design does, implies that rehabilitation specialists need to consider the context in which a person lives. Besides striving for independence, self-reliance and individualism, rehabilitation specialists may consider other attitudes to address the diversity in human abilities and conditions. Designers do not have direct access to the perspective of the people they design for. Assessing whether a design is universally accessible may benefit from expertise of rehabilitation specialists.

Current Events and the International Relations Curriculum: Instructional Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chernotsky, Harry I.

One of the most significant challenges confronting college instructors who teach international politics survey courses is the coverage of current events issues and how to stimulate student interest about the issues. This paper describes two techniques, a current events sweepstakes and a Great Decisions roundtable, designed to infuse current events…

Race and the Limits of American Meritocracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Samson, Frank L.

2009-01-01

Do whites' views about the importance of traditional meritocratic criteria become malleable when they are confronted with circumstances in which Asians appear to be surpassing, whites under the current rules of the game? In the United States, the relative success of Asians compared to whites on various socioeconomic status indicators (college…

Confronting ADHD in the Music Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Patience

2009-01-01

Tell-tale signs of Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) ADHD and its relative ADD (Attention Deficit Disorder) include an inability to maintain attention, impulsive behaviors, and/or motor restlessness. There are three subcategories of ADHD; for the purpose of this article, the blanket term ADHD applies to all three. A crucial first step…

Agonistic Struggle: Master-Slave Dialogues in Humanities Supervision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grant, Barbara M.

2008-01-01

Hegel's master and slave is a significant archetype for graduate research supervision. The master-slave relation vividly exemplifies the hierarchical bond that ties supervisor and student together. Such a confronting view of supervision provides a counterbalance to contemporary emphases on equality between supervisor and student. In what follows,…

Impaired Job Performance and Critical Incidents: Factors Influencing Supervisory EAP Referrals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harley, David A.

Relatively little empirical research has been done on the supervisory referral of employees to employee assistance programs (EAPs). Inclusion of constructive confrontation (supervisory referral) into program standards and its continued promotion as a "central strategy" of program theory and operation calls for critical investigation of…

Confronting Our Own Hypocrisy: Being a Model for Our Students and Clients.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kottler, Jeffrey A.

1992-01-01

Notes that counselor educators, supervisors, and practitioners who communicate to students and trainees the importance of being caring, respectful, warm, flexible, honest, and personally competent, sometimes act in ways that contradict these significant beliefs and values. Discusses issues related to counselor educator's, supervisor's, and…

Self-Esteem and Couples Counseling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palisi, Anthony T.

1992-01-01

The components of the self system include self-concept, self-esteem, and self-efficacy. Learning that adds to identity augments self-concept. Learning that leads to self-appraisal relates to self-esteem. Learning that leads to prediction of achievement belongs to self-efficacy. Courage to persist when confronted by a "Gulp!" experience…

Indigenous Knowledge and Intellectual Property Rights: Confronting Modern Norms to Promote Sustainability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Godbole-Chaudhuri, Pragati; Srikantaiah, Deepa; van Fleet, Justin

2008-01-01

The global proliferation of intellectual property rights (IPRs), most recently through the World Trade Organization's Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) Agreement, poses a grave threat for Indigenous knowledge systems. There is an increasing amount of "piracy" of Indigenous knowledge, whereby corporations and scientists…

Minority Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gadsden, Gloria Y.

2008-01-01

In this article, the author shares her experience teaching in a predominantly white institution. As an African-American woman, she relates that some students have confronted her in class, typically with a great deal of hostility and a complete lack of respect. Others have gone to department chairs with a barrage of complaints in an attempt to…

Enacting Democracy: Using Forum Theatre to Confront Bullying

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gourd, Karen M.; Gourd, Tina Y.

2011-01-01

This article describes a curriculum project designed to create opportunities for transformative educational experiences in relation to democratic and social justice ideals. The project used an empowering interactive art form, Forum Theatre, to explore the topic of bullying. Through the development of Forum Theatre scenes by eighth grade students…

Demand/Withdraw Patterns in Serial Arguments: Implications for Well-Being

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malis, Rachel S.; Roloff, Michael E.

2006-01-01

Serial arguing has been linked to relational difficulties. We extend this research by looking at the relationship between demand/withdraw patterns enacted during argumentative episodes and aversive reactions after the episode has ended in romantic relationships ("N" = 219). We found that individuals who initiated the first confrontation often…

Confronting Transnational Organized Crime: Getting It Right to Forestall a New National Security Threat

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

about them. These franchises operate in, and control, specific geographic territories that allow them to function in a relatively safe environment...businesses should be paired with aggressive non–law enforcement engagement and social services in a coor- dinated fashion . This type of coordination

A Matter of Exposition: Examination and Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schröder, Sabrina; Thompson, Christiane

2015-01-01

While current literature on examination and testing mostly engages with the objectivity of exams and their procedural logic, this article is concerned with the 'ethical dimension' of examination: Examinations provoke a particular relation to oneself, possibly self-transformation. The praxis of examination entails self-confrontation in the light of…

Language and Related Approaches to the Writing Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seesholtz, Melvin C.

Providing instruction in language theory is an innovative technique for use in remedial and other composition courses in the two-year college. Such innovations provide intellectually stimulating material to students who lose interest when confronted with traditional grammar and composition. Students are acquainted with American Edited English in…

Hollis Sigler: Artist, Teacher, and Activist

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith-Shank, Deborah L.

2007-01-01

Hollis Sigler was an artist, teacher, and activist. Her works seductively invite us to consider fantasies and challenge to confront the monsters. Sigler's narrative artwork after 1991 focused almost exclusively on issues relating to her and her family's history with breast cancer. It purposefully calls into question the capricious nature of life…

Videotape Self-Confrontation in Human Relations Training

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Roger D.

1971-01-01

Results indicate that the effects of videotape feedback are not necessarily predictable, and may cause either beneficial or detrimental group behavior change. Videotape feedback also seems to have markedly different effects on different groups. Conclusions are presented regarding the appropriateness of time-series research designs with T groups.…

Strategy and Communication: A Framework for Future International Relations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roshwald, Mordecai

1984-01-01

World conditions make clarity of intent and substance essential in communications among governments. To avoid nuclear confrontation, strategy planners and policymakers should analyze their own communications as well as those of others with great care. Direct and fast communication among leaders can help to preserve peace. (Author/CS)

In Search of Theory and Method in American Indian Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Champagne, Duane

2007-01-01

American Indian studies should have a theoretical and methodological focus sufficient to organize an academic discipline. A primary focus of American Indian studies as a discipline is to conceptualize, research, and explain patterns of American Indian individual and collective community choices and strategies when confronted with relations with…

Research Politics: Some Issues in Conducting Research for Government as a Client

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Diko, Nolutho; Bantwini, Bongani D.

2013-01-01

Researchers are guided by their ideological and ethical viewpoints when conducting research. Doing research for government challenges them to confront these ideals head-on. This article explores the uncertain terrain researchers sometimes have to negotiate when conducting research for government, and discusses relations between researchers and…

Confronting Global Issues: A Multipurpose IR Simulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shellman, Stephen M.; Turan, Kursad

2006-01-01

This article describes an international relations simulation that focuses on threats of transnational insurgent organizations, the future of the Iraqi regime, and the effect of globalization on foreign policies. It contains both the Simulation Director's Guide and the Participant's Guide. The guides explain the steps taken to run the simulation…

Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-07-21

6 Mapuche Activism...have protested the new law, saying it fails to address the privatization of education, which they contend is the root problem.26 Mapuche Activism...Confrontation with the Mapuche population has been a persistent problem for the Bachelet Administration. The Mapuche are Chile’s largest indigenous

Confronting a Career Myth: The Case of Rhonda.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Richard W.; Silva, Santiago

1990-01-01

Responds to case of 34-year-old White female employee relations assistant who lost her job when it was upgraded to a position for which she was unqualified. Discusses information needed by counselor who might work with this client through the corporation's Employee Assistance Program and considers an intervention strategy. (NB)

Mexico: The Quest for a U.S. Policy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Peter H.

Illustrated with photographs, cartoons and charts, this essay provides background information on the Mexican political system and economy and discusses the main issues confronting the United States in its relations with Mexico. The essay was written to provide interested citizens with background information on important foreign policy questions.…

The Nation and the Soldier in German Civil-Military Relations, 1800-1945

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-12-01

opportunity for foreign war presented itself in the Schleswig- Holstein crises with Denmark, Bismarck capitalized on this confrontation to skillfully quiet...elite could be assured of a decisive influence in the new regime.352 [They] had no scruples about sacrificing the holiest cows of Prussian

Family Life and Racial and Ethnic Diversity: An Assessment of Communitarianism, Liberalism, and Conservatism.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sjoberg, Gideon; And Others

1995-01-01

Examines the debates among communitarians, liberals, and conservatives regarding contemporary family issues and critically evaluates these perspectives. Current orientations inadequately address the impact of large-scale bureaucratic organizations on family life and do not confront problems relating to ethnic and racial discrimination. Education…

Mismatch and Conflict: Neurophysiological and Behavioral Evidence for Conflict Priming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mager, Ralph; Meuth, Sven G.; Krauchi, Kurt; Schmidlin, Maria; Muller-Spahn, Franz; Falkenstein, Michael

2009-01-01

Conflict-related cognitive processes are critical for adapting to sudden environmental changes that confront the individual with inconsistent or ambiguous information. Thus, these processes play a crucial role to cope with daily life. Generally, conflicts tend to accumulate especially in complex and threatening situations. Therefore, the question…

Higher Education Leadership: Servant Leadership and the Effects on Student Satisfaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Padron, Joshua

2012-01-01

The enormous challenge confronting higher education today in relation to its revenue shortfall, lack of student persistence and low graduation rates are problematic. The literature proposes that if an institution of higher education increases student satisfaction rates, they will increase student persistence. Also, the literature suggests that an…

From Weber to Parsons and Shutz: The Eclipse of History in Modern Social Theory.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zaret, David

1980-01-01

Compares the relationship between theoretical synthesis and historical research in light of research by Max Weber, Talcott Parsons, and Alfred Schutz. Traces theoretical developments within one subfield of sociology (action theory) and relates these developments to research problems confronting contemporary theoretical work in sociology. (DB)

Forgetting ACT UP

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Juhasz, Alexandra

2012-01-01

When ACT UP is remembered as the pinnacle of postmodern activism, other forms and forums of activism that were taking place during that time--practices that were linked, related, just modern, in dialogue or even opposition to ACT UP's "confrontational activism"--are forgotten. In its time, ACT UP was embedded in New York City, and a…

Inclusive Adult Learning Environments. ERIC Digest No. 162.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Imel, Susan

Adult educators are recognizing that factors in the learning environment related to psychological, social, and cultural conditions exert a powerful influence on learners' growth and development. Current discussions on learning environments have broadened to include the need to confront issues of sexism and racism, interlocking systems of power and…

Teacher Pupil Control Ideology and Behavior as Predictors of Classroom Robustness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Estep, Linda E.; And Others

1980-01-01

It was hypothesized that confrontations between a strict teacher and misbehaving students would add drama and robustness to the classroom. In 88 secondary classrooms, robustness and teacher's control ideology and behavior were measured. The hypothesis was rejected; humanistic control behavior related to high robustness. A companion elementary…

Opening the Space: Making the School Library a Site of Participatory Culture

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Plemmons, Andy

2012-01-01

In "Confronting the Challenges of Participatory Culture" Henry Jenkins defines participatory culture as having "relatively low barriers to artistic expression and civic engagement, strong support for creating and sharing with others, and informal mentorship whereby experienced participants pass along knowledge to novices. Members believe their…

Dual transcriptional profiling of a bacterial/fungal confrontation: Collimonas fungivorans versus Aspergillus niger

PubMed Central

Mela, Francesca; Fritsche, Kathrin; de Boer, Wietse; van Veen, Johannes A; de Graaff, Leo H; van den Berg, Marlies; Leveau, Johan H J

2011-01-01

Interactions between bacteria and fungi cover a wide range of incentives, mechanisms and outcomes. The genus Collimonas consists of soil bacteria that are known for their antifungal activity and ability to grow at the expense of living fungi. In non-contact confrontation assays with the fungus Aspergillus niger, Collimonas fungivorans showed accumulation of biomass concomitant with inhibition of hyphal spread. Through microarray analysis of bacterial and fungal mRNA from the confrontation arena, we gained new insights into the mechanisms underlying the fungistatic effect and mycophagous phenotype of collimonads. Collimonas responded to the fungus by activating genes for the utilization of fungal-derived compounds and for production of a putative antifungal compound. In A. niger, differentially expressed genes included those involved in lipid and cell wall metabolism and cell defense, which correlated well with the hyphal deformations that were observed microscopically. Transcriptional profiles revealed distress in both partners: downregulation of ribosomal proteins and upregulation of mobile genetic elements in the bacteria and expression of endoplasmic reticulum stress and conidia-related genes in the fungus. Both partners experienced nitrogen shortage in each other's presence. Overall, our results indicate that the Collimonas/Aspergillus interaction is a complex interplay between trophism, antibiosis and competition for nutrients. PMID:21614084

When confrontational images may be counter productive: reinforcing the case for pre-testing communications in sensitive areas.

PubMed

Donovan, Robert J; Jalleh, Geoffrey; Fielder, Lynda; Ouschan, Robyn

2008-08-01

White Ribbon Day is an international campaign that encourages men to speak out about and demonstrate their opposition to violence against women by wearing a white ribbon on 25 November. This study assesses the effectiveness of a graphic confrontational image in the Australian 2006 campaign versus an alternative non-violent image to motivate men to wear a white ribbon on White Ribbon Day. An intercept survey was conducted with a sample of 45 males aged 30-49 years recruited in an inner city suburban shopping strip. Respondents were presented with two alternatives: a graphic 'amputated arm' image and a non-violent 'father-daughter' image. The primary dependent variable was the relative ability of the two alternatives in motivating respondents to wear a white ribbon on White Ribbon Day. The vast majority of respondents nominated the 'father-daughter' as image being more motivating than the 'amputated arm' image to wear a white ribbon on White Ribbon Day: 84% vs 9%. The bland 'father-daughter' image was far more motivating than the macabre/violent 'amputated arm' image in motivating men to wear a white ribbon on White Ribbon Day. This is contrary to the UNIFEM Australia and White Ribbon Day assertion that 'confrontational/provocative' images are necessary to achieve this behaviour.

Semantic feature analysis treatment for anomia in two fluent aphasia syndromes.

PubMed

Boyle, Mary

2004-08-01

The effect of semantic feature analysis (SFA) treatment on confrontation naming and discourse production was examined in 2 persons, 1 with anomic aphasia and 1 with Wernicke's aphasia. Results indicated that confrontation naming of treated nouns improved and generalized to untreated nouns for both participants, who appeared to have different lexical access impairments. Both participants demonstrated improvement in some aspects of discourse production associated with the confrontation naming SFA treatment. However, there was no change in most manifestations of lexical retrieval difficulty during discourse for either participant. These findings support previous work regarding improved and generalized naming associated with SFA treatment and indicate a need to examine effects of improved confrontation naming on more natural speaking situations.

Design and experimental evaluation of compact radial-inflow turbines

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fredmonski, A. J.; Huber, F. W.; Roelke, R. J.; Simonyi, S.

1991-01-01

The application of a multistage 3D Euler solver to the aerodynamic design of two compact radial-inflow turbines is presented, along with experimental results evaluating and validating the designs. The objectives of the program were to design, fabricate, and rig test compact radial-inflow turbines with equal or better efficiency relative to conventional designs, while having 40 percent less rotor length than current traditionally-sized radial turbines. The approach to achieving these objectives was to apply a calibrated 3D multistage Euler code to accurately predict and control the high rotor flow passage velocities and high aerodynamic loadings resulting from the reduction in rotor length. A comparison of the advanced compact designs to current state-of-the-art configurations is presented.

Evaluation of potential site for mineral processing plant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Izwan Ishak, Muhamad Noor; Sipaun, Susan Maria; Mustapha, Ismail; Fahmi Engku Chik, Engku Mohd; Abdullah, Nurliyana; Affandi Mahmood, Airwan

2018-01-01

Nuclear moisture-density gauge is a type of instrument for measuring density and moisture of the material in a relatively thin zone beneath a surface of the material by using low activity of neutron and gamma radiation source. Density and moisture content data of the compacted layers are needed to determine the degree of compaction of soils, aggregate, concrete, asphalt or other materials used in civil engineering works. A gamma radiation source is mounted inside gauge housing with the source rod vertically extended to various depth positions. Direct transmission gamma radiation technique is used to obtain the count reading for the number of photons emitted before it is converted into density reading by microprocessor. This paper presents the inspection technique and results for the measurement of soil moisture and density carried out at potential site for mineral processing plant, Malaysian Nuclear Agency. Primarily, the experiment was conducted to ensure the compaction of ground is suitable for the plant construction. From the calculation, the percentages of soil wet density compaction (%WD Compact) are within acceptable limits with respect to the standard compacted wet soil density measured in the laboratory.

The Milky Way Project: What are Yellowballs?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerton, C. R.; Wolf-Chase, G.; Arvidsson, K.; Lintott, C. J.; Simpson, R. J.

2015-02-01

Yellowballs are a collection of approximately 900 compact, infrared sources identified and named by volunteers participating in the Milky Way Project (MWP), a citizen science project that uses GLIMPSE/MIPSGAL images from Spitzer to explore topics related to Galactic star formation. In this paper, through a combination of catalog cross-matching and infrared color analysis, we show that yellowballs are a mix of compact star-forming regions, including ultra-compact and compact H II regions, as well as analogous regions for less massive B-type stars. The resulting MWP yellowball catalog provides a useful complement to the Red MSX Source survey. It similarly highlights regions of massive star formation, but the selection of objects purely on the basis of their infrared morphology and color in Spitzer images identifies a signature of compact star-forming regions shared across a broad range of luminosities and, by inference, masses. We discuss the origin of their striking mid-infrared appearance and suggest that future studies of the yellowball sample will improve our understanding of how massive and intermediate-mass star-forming regions transition from compact to more extended bubble-like structures.

A simple physical model for X-ray burst sources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joss, P. C.; Rappaport, S.

1977-01-01

In connection with information considered by Illarianov and Sunyaev (1975) and van den Heuvel (1975), a simple physical model for an X-ray burst source in the galactic disk is proposed. The model includes an unevolved OB star with a relatively weak stellar wind and a compact object in a close binary system. For some reason, the stellar wind from the OB star is unable to accrete steadily on to the compact object. When the stellar wind is sufficiently weak, the compact object accretes irregularly, leading to X-ray bursts.

Classifying and Finding Nearby Compact Stellar Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Colebaugh, Alexander; Cunningham, Devin; Dixon, Christopher; Romanowsky, Aaron; Striegel, Stephanie

2018-01-01

Compact stellar systems (CSSs) such as compact ellipticals (cEs) and ultracompact dwarfs (UCDs) are relatively rare and poorly understood types of galaxies. To build a more complete picture of these objects, we create search queries using the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, to inventory CSSs in the nearby universe and to explore their properties. We develop an objective set of criteria for classifying cEs, and use these to construct a large, novel catalog of cEs both during and after formation. We also investigate the numbers of cEs and UCDs around nearby giant galaxies.

Detecting illegal intra-corporeal cocaine containers: Which factors influence their density?

PubMed

Platon, Alexandra; Herrera, Bruno; Becker, Minerva; Perneger, Thomas; Getaz, Laurent; Wolff, Hans; Lock, Eric; Rutschmann, Olivier; Poletti, Pierre-Alexandre

2018-05-30

To determine parameters related to hyperdensity (>40 HU) of intra-corporeal cocaine packets on low-dose CT (LDCT); hyperdensity increases detectability on abdominal radiographs. LDCT showing drug packets (n = 46) were analyzed for mean radiological density and packets volume. Following expulsion, packets weight and cocaine concentration were measured. Hypercompaction was defined as >0.9 g/cm 3 . Packets were hyperdense in 33 cases (72%). Mean compaction was 1.0 g/cm 3 , mean density 118.5 HU and mean cocaine concentration 44.2%. On multivariate analysis, only high compaction remained significantly related to hyperdensity (p = 0.001). Compaction >0.9 g/cm 3 is the only parameter significantly associated with hyperdense packets. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

PTSD and Cannabis-Related Coping Among Recent Veterans in New York City

PubMed Central

Elliott, Luther; Golub, Andrew; Bennett, Alexander; Guarino, Honoria

2017-01-01

This article presents interview and focus group data from veterans of recent conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan about their use of cannabis as a coping tool for dealing with posttraumatic stress disorder. Veterans’ comparisons of cannabis, alcohol, and psychopharmaceuticals tended to highlight advantages to cannabis use as more effective and less complicated by side effects. Some participants suggested that cannabis can be part of an approach-based coping strategy that aids with introspection and direct confrontation of the sources of personal trauma. Others, however, held that cannabis use was part of a less productive, avoidant coping strategy. Some self-reports suggested the need for more nuanced theorizations of coping behaviors, as they indicated motivations for use that were grounded in symptom alleviation rather than any direct confrontation with (or avoidance of) sources of trauma. PMID:28638168

Perspectives on Ultraluminous X-ray sources after the discovery of Ultraluminous Pulsars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zampieri, L.; Ambrosi, E.; Fiore, A.; Pintore, F.; Turolla, R.; Israel, GL.; Stella, L.; Casella, P.; Papitto, A.; Rodriguez Castillo, G. A.; De Luca, A.; Tiengo, A.; Belfiore, A.; Esposito, P.; Marelli, M.; Novara, G.; Salvaterra, R.; Salvetti, D.; Mereghetti, S.; Wolter, A.

2017-10-01

Ultraluminous X-ray sources (ULXs) are observationally defined as non-nuclear extragalactic X-ray point sources with inferred (isotropic) luminosity exceeding the Eddington limit for a ˜ 10 M_{⊙} compact object. While in the past few years a certain evidence (and a general consensus) has been gathered in favour of the existence of black hole (BH) remnants in ULXs, the recent discovery of three Ultraluminous X-ray Pulsars has unexpectedly revealed what is likely to be a significant population of neutron star (NS) ULXs. These findings challenge more than ever our present understanding of these sources, their accretion mechanism/history, and their formation pathways. After reviewing some of these intriguing observational facts, we will summarize some perspective studies that we are carrying out to model the multiwavelength variability and broadband spectra of ULXs, including the contribution of an accretion column for NS systems. We derive the luminosity emitted by the latter assuming that a multipolar component dominates the magnetic field close to the NS. The focus is on comparing the simulated multiwavelength emission properties of stellar-mass/massive BHs to those of NS systems, and on confronting the model predictions with the available observations of Pulsar ULXs.

A new compact for owners and directors. The Working Group on Corporate Governance.

PubMed

1991-01-01

The virtual demise of hostile takeovers and leveraged buyouts has not cooled the tensions over corporate governance. In congressional hearings, at annual meetings, and in proxy contests splashed across the business pages, senior executives and powerful shareholders continue to confront each other. The basic issues remain remarkably consistent. When do investors' legitimate needs for returns translate into destructive pressures on long-term corporate prosperity? What kinds of accountability do top managers owe shareholders in terms of strategic consultation and disclosure? What is the precise role of the board of directors as a management monitor and shareholder representative? More than a year ago, a working group of distinguished lawyers representing large public companies and leading institutional investors began a series of meetings to cut through the rancor. Their goal was to reach common ground on a set of principles that reconciles the tensions between owners and managers. Recently, the group agreed on a statement that all eight members endorsed. The statement, "A New Charter for Owners and Managers," deserves wide readership, scrutiny, and commentary. HBR is pleased the working group chose it as the exclusive forum to release its statement.

Compact fusion energy based on the spherical tokamak

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sykes, A.; Costley, A. E.; Windsor, C. G.; Asunta, O.; Brittles, G.; Buxton, P.; Chuyanov, V.; Connor, J. W.; Gryaznevich, M. P.; Huang, B.; Hugill, J.; Kukushkin, A.; Kingham, D.; Langtry, A. V.; McNamara, S.; Morgan, J. G.; Noonan, P.; Ross, J. S. H.; Shevchenko, V.; Slade, R.; Smith, G.

2018-01-01

Tokamak Energy Ltd, UK, is developing spherical tokamaks using high temperature superconductor magnets as a possible route to fusion power using relatively small devices. We present an overview of the development programme including details of the enabling technologies, the key modelling methods and results, and the remaining challenges on the path to compact fusion.

Constraining the physical state by symmetries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fatibene, L., E-mail: lorenzo.fatibene@unito.it; INFN - Sezione Torino - IS QGSKY; Ferraris, M.

After reviewing the hole argument and its relations with initial value problem and general covariance, we shall discuss how much freedom one has to define the physical state in a generally covariant field theory (with or without internal gauge symmetries). Our analysis relies on Cauchy problems, thus it is restricted to globally hyperbolic spacetimes. We shall show that in generally covariant theories on a compact space (as well as for internal gauge symmetries on any spacetime) one has no freedom and one is forced to declare as physically equivalent two configurations which differ by a global spacetime diffeomorphism (or bymore » an internal gauge transformation) as it is usually prescribed. On the contrary, when space is not compact, the result does not hold true and one may have different options to define physically equivalent configurations, still preserving determinism. - Highlights: • Investigate the relation between the hole argument, covariance, determinism and physical state. • Show that if space is compact then any diffeomorphism is a gauge symmetry. • Show that if space is not compact then there may be more freedom in choosing gauge group.« less

Force-chain evolution in a two-dimensional granular packing compacted by vertical tappings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iikawa, Naoki; Bandi, M. M.; Katsuragi, Hiroaki

2018-03-01

We experimentally study the statistics of force-chain evolution in a vertically-tapped two-dimensional granular packing by using photoelastic disks. In this experiment, the tapped granular packing is gradually compacted. During the compaction, the isotropy of grain configurations is quantified by measuring the deviator anisotropy derived from fabric tensor, and then the evolution of force-chain structure is quantified by measuring the interparticle forces and force-chain orientational order parameter. As packing fraction increases, the interparticle force increases and finally saturates to an asymptotic value. Moreover, the grain configurations and force-chain structures become isotropically random as the tapping-induced compaction proceeds. In contrast, the total length of force chains remains unchanged. From the correlations of those parameters, we find two relations: (i) a positive correlation between the isotropy of grain configurations and the disordering of force-chain orientations, and (ii) a negative correlation between the increasing of interparticle forces and the disordering of force-chain orientations. These relations are universally held regardless of the mode of particle motions with or without convection.

Dependence of displacement-length scaling relations for fractures and deformation bands on the volumetric changes across them

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schultz, R.A.; Soliva, R.; Fossen, H.; Okubo, C.H.; Reeves, D.M.

2008-01-01

Displacement-length data from faults, joints, veins, igneous dikes, shear deformation bands, and compaction bands define two groups. The first group, having a power-law scaling relation with a slope of n = 1 and therefore a linear dependence of maximum displacement and discontinuity length (Dmax = ??L), comprises faults and shear (non-compactional or non-dilational) deformation bands. These shearing-mode structures, having shearing strains that predominate over volumetric strains across them, grow under conditions of constant driving stress, with the magnitude of near-tip stress on the same order as the rock's yield strength in shear. The second group, having a power-law scaling relation with a slope of n = 0.5 and therefore a dependence of maximum displacement on the square root of discontinuity length (Dmax = ??L0.5), comprises joints, veins, igneous dikes, cataclastic deformation bands, and compaction bands. These opening- and closing-mode structures grow under conditions of constant fracture toughness, implying significant amplification of near-tip stress within a zone of small-scale yielding at the discontinuity tip. Volumetric changes accommodated by grain fragmentation, and thus control of propagation by the rock's fracture toughness, are associated with scaling of predominantly dilational and compactional structures with an exponent of n = 0.5. ?? 2008 Elsevier Ltd.

Antarctic Firn Compaction Rates from Repeat-Track Airborne Radar Data: I. Methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Medley, B.; Ligtenberg, S. R. M.; Joughin, I.; Van Den Broeke, M. R.; Gogineni, S.; Nowicki, S.

2015-01-01

While measurements of ice-sheet surface elevation change are increasingly used to assess mass change, the processes that control the elevation fluctuations not related to ice-flow dynamics (e.g. firn compaction and accumulation) remain difficult to measure. Here we use radar data from the Thwaites Glacier (West Antarctica) catchment to measure the rate of thickness change between horizons of constant age over different time intervals: 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2009-11. The average compaction rate to approximately 25m depth is 0.33ma(exp -1), with largest compaction rates near the surface. Our measurements indicate that the accumulation rate controls much of the spatio-temporal variations in the compaction rate while the role of temperature is unclear due to a lack of measurements. Based on a semi-empirical, steady-state densification model, we find that surveying older firn horizons minimizes the potential bias resulting from the variable depth of the constant age horizon. Our results suggest that the spatiotemporal variations in the firn compaction rate are an important consideration when converting surface elevation change to ice mass change. Compaction rates varied by up to 0.12ma(exp -1) over distances less than 6km and were on average greater than 20% larger during the 2010-11 interval than during 2009-10.

Role of pressure anisotropy on relativistic compact stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maurya, S. K.; Banerjee, Ayan; Hansraj, Sudan

2018-02-01

We investigate a compact spherically symmetric relativistic body with anisotropic particle pressure profiles. The distribution possesses characteristics relevant to modeling compact stars within the framework of general relativity. For this purpose, we consider a spatial metric potential of Korkina and Orlyanskii [Ukr. Phys. J. 36, 885 (1991)] type in order to solve the Einstein field equations. An additional prescription we make is that the pressure anisotropy parameter takes the functional form proposed by Lake [Phys. Rev. D 67, 104015 (2003), 10.1103/PhysRevD.67.104015]. Specifying these two geometric quantities allows for further analysis to be carried out in determining unknown constants and obtaining a limit of the mass-radius diagram, which adequately describes compact strange star candidates like Her X-1 and SMC X-1. Using the anisotropic Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations, we explore the hydrostatic equilibrium and the stability of such compact objects. Then, we investigate other physical features of this model, such as the energy conditions, speeds of sound, and compactness of the star, in detail and show that our results satisfy all the required elementary conditions for a physically acceptable stellar model. The results obtained are useful in analyzing the stability of other anisotropic compact objects like white dwarfs, neutron stars, and gravastars.

Low Gas Fractions Connect Compact Star-forming Galaxies to Their z ~ 2 Quiescent Descendants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spilker, Justin S.; Bezanson, Rachel; Marrone, Daniel P.; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Williams, Christina C.

2016-11-01

Early quiescent galaxies at z˜ 2 are known to be remarkably compact compared to their nearby counterparts. Possible progenitors of these systems include galaxies that are structurally similar, but are still rapidly forming stars. Here, we present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the CO(1-0) line toward three such compact, star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at z˜ 2.3, significantly detecting one. The VLA observations indicate baryonic gas fractions ≳ 5 times lower and gas depletion timescales ≳ 10 times shorter than normal, extended massive SFGs at these redshifts. At their current star formation rates, all three objects will deplete their gas reservoirs within 100 Myr. These objects are among the most gas-poor objects observed at z\\gt 2, and are outliers from standard gas scaling relations, a result that remains true regardless of assumptions about the CO-H2 conversion factor. Our observations are consistent with the idea that compact, SFGs are in a rapid state of transition to quiescence in tandem with the buildup of the z˜ 2 quenched population. In the detected compact galaxy, we see no evidence of rotation or that the CO-emitting gas is spatially extended relative to the stellar light. This casts doubt on recent suggestions that the gas in these compact galaxies is rotating and significantly extended compared to the stars. Instead, we suggest that, at least for this object, the gas is centrally concentrated, and only traces a small fraction of the total galaxy dynamical mass.

Confronting Virginia's transportation challenge : phase II report of the Commission on Transportation in the Twenty-First Century

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1987-12-07

"In Phase II we have looked at transportation from a more local perspective. We have: 1. Examined the way local transportation financing needs can be met; 2. Looked at how state and local relations can be improved; and 3. Evaluated a variety of ways ...

Antecedents of Helping: Assessing the Role of Empathy and Values.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Earle, Walter B.; And Others

Empathy and prosocial moral values are often identified as antecedents of helping behavior, but interest in their relationship and joint operation has only recently emerged. To investigate the relative contribution of empathy and values to helping responses, 87 college students were confronted with a request for help delivered either in person or…

The Urban Environment. A Teacher's Guide, Grades K-3.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Busch, Phyllis S.

Sixty-three learning activities comprise this curriculum guide to conservation education designed for elementary students. The activities enable the teacher to relate the urban child's immediate environment to the ecological problems which confront our world. Four conceptual schemes are used for each of the four grades, K-3: Living things (plants,…

Developing Creative Materials for Teaching the Culturally Different Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindberg, Dormalee H.; Swick, Kevin J.

A persistent problem confronting the teacher of the culturally different child is the need for finding learning materials that the child can relate to and utilize in his learning situation. The increasing availability of mass-produced learning materials for these children, although helpful, has not solved the problem of providing socioeconomically…

Youth and Work: Toward a Model of Lifetime Economic Prospects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carroll, Stephen J.; Pascal, Anthony H.

As part of an effort to reduce inequalities in economic opportunities confronting the young, this general model of youth behavior and opportunity was developed. Underlying the model are three sets of variables which influence economic opportunities: experience, perceptions, and opportunities. The relations between behavior at a point in time and…

Racial Identification, Knowledge, and the Politics of Everyday Life in an Arizona Science Classroom: A Linguistic Ethnography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connor, Brendan Harold

2012-01-01

This dissertation is a linguistic ethnography of a high school Astronomy/Oceanography classroom in southern Arizona, where an exceptionally promising, novice, white science teacher and mostly Mexican-American students confronted issues of identity and difference through interactions both related and unrelated to science learning. Through close…

Innovative Learning Environments and New Materialism: A Conjunctural Analysis of Pedagogic Spaces

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Charteris, Jennifer; Smardon, Dianne; Nelson, Emily

2017-01-01

An Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development research priority, innovative learning environments (ILEs) have been translated into policy and practice in 25 countries around the world. In Aotearoa/New Zealand, learning spaces are being reconceptualised in relation to this policy work by school leaders who are confronted by an impetus to…

Sources of Stress for Greek Students with Intellectual Disabilities Attending Mainstream Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soulis, Spiridon-Georgios; Floridis, Theodore

2010-01-01

Students with intellectual disabilities often experience school-related stress. As a result, they are confronted with many difficulties in their daily school life. The goal of this study was to assess situations of school life that students attending Greek mainstream settings are likely to experience as stressful. Twenty students with mild…

Broadband Access and Implications for Efforts to Address Equity Gaps in Postsecondary Attainment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sisneros, Lauren; Sponsler, Brian A.

2016-01-01

This education trends report focuses on two related but distinct challenges confronting state policy leaders and students as they seek to leverage online distance education to meet personal and statewide education goals: (1) access to the infrastructure necessary to provide industry-standard broadband speeds and (2) ensuring availability of the…

The Dropout Prevention Initiative Jobs Program: Perceptions of At-Risk Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Willis, Denise C.; And Others

As the 21st century rapidly approaches, America will be directly confronted with the reality that its nationwide public education system has failed to adequately and accurately train its future generation of citizens. Socioeconomic status and race have been implicated as the two biggest factors related to dropping out. Current researchers have…

Personal Striving Level and Self-Evaluation Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orias, John; Leung, Lisa; Dosanj, Shikha; McAnlis, JoAnna; Levy, Gal; Sheposh, John P.

Three studies were conducted to determine if goal striving level was related to accurate self-knowledge. The purpose of the research was to determine if the tendency of high strivers to confront stressful stimuli extends to self-evaluation processes. Three experiments were designed to investigate whether high strivers differ from low strivers in…

Let's Get Personal: Making Sustainability Tangible to Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Savageau, Ann E.

2013-01-01

Purpose: Most students report giving little thought to their consumption and waste, and when confronted with issues of sustainability still find them either distant and impersonal or overwhelming. One area that has been relatively unexplored is the concept of a self-audit and self-reflection in the development of intrinsic motivation for living…

Death Concerns among Individuals Newly Diagnosed with Lung Cancer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lehto, Rebecca; Therrien, Barbara

2010-01-01

Confronting the reality of death is an important challenge for individuals facing life-threatening illness such as lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Few studies, however, document the nature of death-related concerns in individuals newly diagnosed with lung cancer. The aims of this exploratory study were to examine unsolicited…

Error Tendencies in Processing Student Feedback for Instructional Decision Making.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schermerhorn, John R., Jr.; And Others

1985-01-01

Seeks to assist instructors in recognizing two basic errors that can occur in processing student evaluation data on instructional development efforts; offers a research framework for future investigations of the error tendencies and related issues; and suggests ways in which instructors can confront and manage error tendencies in practice. (MBR)

Taking a Stand: Confronting the Costs and Benefits of Divestment. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neururer, Julie

Nonmonetary costs of the divestiture from U.S. corporations that do business with South Africa are examined, based on four case studies of colleges. Hidden costs concern the realm of beliefs, values, and perceptions and include the costs to: community standards, public relations, corporate links, institutional identity, cohesion, social…

Students and Psychotropic Medication: The School's Role. A Resources Aid Packet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Univ., Los Angeles. Center for Mental Health in Schools.

School professionals encountering students on medication are confronted with a variety of procedures and issues related to medication administration, monitoring, and effects. This resource aid is designed to provide a brief overview guide to this topic and some procedural tools. Section 1 provides an overview perspective, guidelines, and tools…

Post-Racial Pedagogy--Challenges and Possibilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singh, Gurnam

2018-01-01

Against the backdrop of ongoing discussions about how best to conceptualise, confront and ultimately eradicate racism, this paper seeks to critically examine the relevance of 'post-racial' thinking, both in a general sense, but also in relation to education. The argument is framed around a concern that multi-cultural, and to a lesser extent,…

Towards Sustainable National Development through Well Managed Early Childhood Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abraham, Nath M.

2012-01-01

This paper discusses issues relating to sustainable development and effective management of early childhood education. The child is the "owner" of the future. The problems that confront the current generation are complex and serious that cannot be addressed in the same way they were created. But they can be addressed. The concept of…

Human Factors Technologies: Past Promises, Future Issues. Final Technical Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alluisi, Earl A.

This discussion of the major issues confronting the human factors profession begins by pointing out that the concepts of systems and system design are central to the roles and functions of the human factors specialist. Three related disciplines--human factors engineering, ergonomics, and human skilled performance--are briefly described, and the…

Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-06-03

6 Mapuche Activism...education, which they contend is the root problem.26 Mapuche Activism Confrontation with the Mapuche population has been a persistent problem for the...Bachelet Administration. The Mapuche are Chile’s largest indigenous group and comprise approximately 4% of the population or 660,000 of Chile’s 16.5

Chile: Political and Economic Conditions and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-12

Demonstrations ........................................................................................................ 5 Mapuche Activism...is the root problem.18 ’ # Confrontation with the Mapuche population has been a persistent problem for the Bachelet Administration...The Mapuche are Chile’s largest indigenous group and comprise approximately 4% of the population or 660,000 of Chile’s 16.5 million citizens.19 They

Essential Touch: Meeting the Needs of Young Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carlson, Frances M.

2006-01-01

Learn how to safely incorporate touch in the early childhood setting and how to prepare children to confront troubling touch-related situations that may arise outside your setting. Following Acknowledgments, the book includes the following six chapters: (1) Taking a Look at Touch; (2) The Importance of Touch in Development and Learning; (3)…

Evaluation of the ecological integrity and ecosystem health of three benthic networks influenced by coastal upwelling in the northern Chile

EPA Science Inventory

The ecological health of ecosystems relates to the maintenance or restoration of optimal system function when confronted with a disturbance. A healthy ecosystem is a prerequisite for ecological sustainability. Ecological integrity has been defined as an emergent property of ecosy...

Cutting hardwood cants can boost sawmill profits

Treesearch

George R. Niskala; Thomas W., Jr. Church

1966-01-01

The markets for hardwood lumber are now strong, and sawmill profits are increasing. But this favorable market-price situation is the exception rather than the rule. Usually hardwood sawmill operators are confronted with ever-decreasing profit margins. During the past decade, while lumber prices have remained relatively constant, most logging and sawmilling costs have...

Rural Schools in Developing Countries: A Case of Donon Manga in Eastern Tandjile in Chad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ndoutorlengar, Médard; Djangrang, Man-na; Mamgue, Bassinang; Yongsi, H. B. Nguendo; Groza, Octavian

2014-01-01

The schools in rural areas in developing countries are often confronted with difficulties which are, in general, related to poverty, the quantitative and qualitative insufficiency of the professionals and the organization. Consequently, every year, the examinations results are unsatisfactory playing on the curriculum and excellence in the…

Can Improvisation Be Taught?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Gary

2005-01-01

The aim of this article is to reconsider the (age old) problem of relating theory to practice in art education by placing it within the largely ignored context of improvisation. In so doing it is hoped that some of the well-known "difficulties" art practitioners have when confronted with the (usually mandatory) history and theory components of…

Teacher and Students: Setting up the Transference

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Carvalho, Ana; Cabral, Tania

2003-01-01

Ana De Carvalho and Tania Cabral write here that they think the learning process rests heavily on the ability of speech, so they recommend placing students more and more in the position of speaking. Not happy with prompt, correct answers, they confront their students with further related questions trying to establish if they have fairly consistent…

Agricultural drainage pipe detection using ground penetrating radar: Effects of antenna orientation relative to drainage pipe directional trend

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Locating buried agricultural drainage pipes is a difficult problem confronting farmers and land improvement contractors, especially in the Midwest U.S., where the removal of excess soil water using subsurface drainage systems is a common farm practice. Enhancing the efficiency of soil water removal ...

Values: Relations and Implications. Symposium V C.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Wit, Jan; Keats, D. M.

Reported at a symposium generally concerned with values and adolescents are discussions of (1) socialization issues and the impact of values on adolescents, and (2) dimensions of Asian youths' confrontation with the problem of modernization. In the first study (by Jan de Witt), the conceptual shift in socialization research to a focus on…

Confrontation with Aggressive Peers at School: Students' Reluctance To Seek Help from the Teacher.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newman, Richard S.; Murray, Brian; Lussier, Catherine

2001-01-01

Investigated situations where asking for assistance from a teacher is appropriate and necessary in resolving conflict with an aggressive peer. Relations between help seeking and children's grade level, gender, and self perceptions are discussed in terms of goal and strategy components in a social-information-processing model of conflict…

Crisis Intervention for the ESL Teacher: Whose Problem Is It?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quan, Cao Anh

Stresses confronting Asian refugee students in the United States begin with the flight process itself and include the following: those within the family system (role changes, values, attitudes, and behavior); those related to the home culture (survivor guilt, post-traumatic stress, identity and marginality, and generation gaps); those within the…

An Underdeveloped Role for Occupational Social Work: Facilitating the Employment of People with Disabilities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mudrick, Nancy R.

1991-01-01

Notes that, although occupational social workers routinely assist employees with alcohol- or drug-related problems, workers with disabling problems such as back pain, paralysis, and cancer have not received much attention. Presents analysis of issues confronting workers with disabilities and their employers and provides information about…

Undergraduate nursing students' transformational learning during clinical training.

PubMed

Melin-Johansson, Christina; Österlind, Jane; Hagelin, Carina Lundh; Henoch, Ingela; Ek, Kristina; Bergh, Ingrid; Browall, Maria

2018-04-02

Undergraduate nursing students encounter patients at the end of life during their clinical training. They need to confront dying and death under supportive circumstances in order to be prepared for similar situations in their future career. To explore undergraduate nursing students' descriptions of caring situations with patients at the end of life during supervised clinical training. A qualitative study using the critical incident technique was chosen. A total of 85 students wrote a short text about their experiences of caring for patients at the end of life during their clinical training. These critical incident reports were then analysed using deductive and inductive content analysis. The theme 'students' transformational learning towards becoming a professional nurse during clinical training' summarises how students relate to patients and relatives, interpret the transition from life to death, feel when caring for a dead body and learn end-of-life caring actions from their supervisors. As a preparation for their future profession, students undergoing clinical training need to confront death and dying while supported by trained supervisors and must learn how to communicate about end-of-life issues and cope with emotional stress and grief.

Confrontational scavenging as a possible source for language and cooperation

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

The emergence of language and the high degree of cooperation found among humans seems to require more than a straightforward enhancement of primate traits. Some triggering episode unique to human ancestors was likely necessary. Here it is argued that confrontational scavenging was such an episode. Arguments for and against an established confrontational scavenging niche are discussed, as well as the probable effects of such a niche on language and co-operation. Finally, several possible directions for future research are suggested. PMID:21933413

Efficacy of confrontational counselling for smoking cessation in smokers with previously undiagnosed mild to moderate airflow limitation: study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Kotz, Daniel; Wesseling, Geertjan; Huibers, Marcus J H; van Schayck, Onno C P

2007-11-15

The use of spirometry for early detection of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still an issue of debate, particularly because of a lack of convincing evidence that spirometry has an added positive effect on smoking cessation. We hypothesise that early detection of COPD and confrontation with spirometry for smoking cessation may be effective when applying an approach we have termed "confrontational counselling"; a patient-centred approach which involves specific communication skills and elements of cognitive therapy. An important aspect is to confront the smoker with his/her airflow limitation during the counselling sessions. The primary objective of this study is to test the efficacy of confrontational counselling in comparison to regular health education and promotion for smoking cessation delivered by specialized respiratory nurses in current smokers with previously undiagnosed mild to moderate airflow limitation. The study design is a randomized controlled trial comparing confrontational counselling delivered by a respiratory nurse combined with nortriptyline for smoking cessation (experimental group), health education and promotion delivered by a respiratory nurse combined with nortriptyline for smoking cessation (control group 1), and "care as usual" delivered by the GP (control group 2). Early detection of smokers with mild to moderate airflow limitation is achieved by means of a telephone interview in combination with spirometry. Due to a comparable baseline risk of airflow limitation and motivation to quit smoking, and because of the standardization of number, duration, and scheduling of counselling sessions between the experimental group and control group 1, the study enables to assess the "net" effect of confrontational counselling. The study has been ethically approved and registered. Ethical as well as methodological considerations of the study are discussed in this protocol. A significant and relevant effect of confrontational counselling would provide an argument in favour of early detection of current smokers with airflow limitation. Successful treatment of tobacco dependence in respiratory patients requires repeated intensive interventions. The results of this study may also show that respiratory nurses are able to deliver this treatment and that intensive smoking cessation counselling is more feasible. : Netherlands Trial Register (ISRCTN 64481813).

Sino-American Military Relations: Determinants of Policy and Corresponding Military Responsiveness

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

military medicine, administration, and a host of non -combat related areas10 Similar priorities and methods can be seen in official documents such as the...with the national foreign policy, the PLA conducts military cooperation that is non -aligned, non -confrontational and not directed against any third...benefit. It takes part in bilateral or multilateral joint military exercises in non -traditional security fields so as to enhance the joint

Relative astrometry of compact flaring structures in Sgr A* with polarimetric very long baseline interferometry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Johnson, Michael D.; Doeleman, Sheperd S.; Fish, Vincent L.

2014-10-20

We demonstrate that polarimetric interferometry can be used to extract precise spatial information about compact polarized flares of Sgr A*. We show that, for a faint dynamical component, a single interferometric baseline suffices to determine both its polarization and projected displacement from the quiescent intensity centroid. A second baseline enables two-dimensional reconstruction of the displacement, and additional baselines can self-calibrate using the flare, enhancing synthesis imaging of the quiescent emission. We apply this technique to simulated 1.3 mm wavelength observations of a 'hot spot' embedded in a radiatively inefficient accretion disk around Sgr A*. Our results indicate that, even withmore » current sensitivities, polarimetric interferometry with the Event Horizon Telescope can achieve ∼5 μas relative astrometry of compact flaring structures near Sgr A* on timescales of minutes.« less

Keck-I MOSFIRE spectroscopy of compact star-forming galaxies at z ≳ 2: high velocity dispersions in progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barro, Guillermo; Koo, David C.; Faber, Sandra M.

2014-11-10

We present Keck-I MOSFIRE near-infrared spectroscopy for a sample of 13 compact star-forming galaxies (SFGs) at redshift 2 ≤ z ≤ 2.5 with star formation rates of SFR ∼ 100 M {sub ☉} yr{sup –1} and masses of log(M/M {sub ☉}) ∼10.8. Their high integrated gas velocity dispersions of σ{sub int} =230{sub −30}{sup +40} km s{sup –1}, as measured from emission lines of Hα and [O III], and the resultant M {sub *}-σ{sub int} relation and M {sub *}-M {sub dyn} all match well to those of compact quiescent galaxies at z ∼ 2, as measured from stellar absorption lines.more » Since log(M {sub *}/M {sub dyn}) =–0.06 ± 0.2 dex, these compact SFGs appear to be dynamically relaxed and evolved, i.e., depleted in gas and dark matter (<13{sub −13}{sup +17}%), and present larger σ{sub int} than their non-compact SFG counterparts at the same epoch. Without infusion of external gas, depletion timescales are short, less than ∼300 Myr. This discovery adds another link to our new dynamical chain of evidence that compact SFGs at z ≳ 2 are already losing gas to become the immediate progenitors of compact quiescent galaxies by z ∼ 2.« less

Compact pulse forming line using barium titanate ceramic material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar Sharma, Surender; Deb, P.; Shukla, R.; Prabaharan, T.; Shyam, A.

2011-11-01

Ceramic material has very high relative permittivity, so compact pulse forming line can be made using these materials. Barium titanate (BaTiO3) has a relative permittivity of 1200 so it is used for making compact pulse forming line (PFL). Barium titanate also has piezoelectric effects so it cracks during high voltages discharges due to stresses developed in it. Barium titanate is mixed with rubber which absorbs the piezoelectric stresses when the PFL is charged and regain its original shape after the discharge. A composite mixture of barium titanate with the neoprene rubber is prepared. The relative permittivity of the composite mixture is measured to be 85. A coaxial pulse forming line of inner diameter 120 mm, outer diameter 240 mm, and length 350 mm is made and the composite mixture of barium titanate and neoprene rubber is filled between the inner and outer cylinders. The PFL is charged up to 120 kV and discharged into 5 Ω load. The voltage pulse of 70 kV, 21 ns is measured across the load. The conventional PFL is made up of oil or plastics dielectrics with the relative permittivity of 2-10 [D. R. Linde, CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 90th ed. (CRC, 2009); Xia et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 79, 086113 (2008); Yang et al., Rev. Sci. Instrum. 81, 43303 (2010)], which increases the length of PFL. We have reported the compactness in length achieved due to increase in relative permittivity of composite mixture by adding barium titanate in neoprene rubber.

Internal zone growth method for producing metal oxide metal eutectic composites

DOEpatents

Clark, Grady W.; Holder, John D.; Pasto, Arvid E.

1980-01-01

An improved method for preparing a cermet comprises preparing a compact having about 85 to 95 percent theoretical density from a mixture of metal and metal oxide powders from a system containing a eutectic composition, and inductively heating the compact in a radiofrequency field to cause the formation of an internal molten zone. The metal oxide particles in the powder mixture are effectively sized relative to the metal particles to permit direct inductive heating of the compact by radiofrequency from room temperature. Surface melting is prevented by external cooling or by effectively sizing the particles in the powder mixture.

I-Love-Q Anisotropically

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yagi, Kent; Yunes, Nicolas

2015-04-01

Recent work shows that rotating incompressible stars with anisotropic matter in the weak-field limit become prolate, which is rather counter-intuitive. We construct slowly-rotating, incompressible and anisotropic stellar solutions in full General Relativity valid to quadratic order in spin and show that the stellar shape shifts from prolate to oblate as one increases the relativistic effect. Anisotropic stars are also interesting because they can be more compact than isotropic stars, and can even be as compact as black holes. We present how stellar multipole moments approach the black hole limit as one increases the compactness, suggesting that they reach the black hole limit continuously.

IMPROVEMENTS IN OR RELATING TO THE PRODUCTION OF SINTERED URANIUM DIOXIDE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Russell, L.E.; Harrison, J.D.L.; Brett, N.H.

A method is described for producing a dense sintered body of uranium dioxide or a mixture thereof with plutonium dioxide. Compacted uranium dioxide or a compacted uranium dioxide-plutonium dioxide mixture is heated to at least 1300 deg C in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide or carbon dioxide mixed with carbon monoxide. (R.J.S.)

[Meaning of family confrontation for nurses of intensive care units for adult people - Medellín 2013].

PubMed

Montoya Tamayo, D P; Monsalve Ospina, T P; Forero Pulido, C

2015-01-01

To comprehend the meaning nurses give to family confrontation, from their experiences while patients are in adult intensive care units in Medellin 2013. A qualitative research study was carried out using a phenomenological approach and theoretical convenience sampling of subjects was used. Interviews with open questions were conducted with nurses that worked in different intensive care units in the city of Medellin, with more than one year of experience in these units. The information was coded and categorised to perform the analysis, and some concept maps were created for the final report. This study showed that nurses focus their care on the critical patient and not on the patient's family. They considered that there is family confrontation when its members comprehend the processes that are carried out in the intensive care unit, and can contribute to the patient's care, while if families do not have confrontations, it is because they do not understand the process, or feel desperate or are absent. The interventions that nurses consider must be done to help in the family confrontation are: information, interdisciplinary support, visits, and companionship. For the nurses, family confrontation means that family members understand, comprehend, accept, know, bear and go on with the situation; therefore, they can make good decisions regarding the patient's care in the adult intensive care units. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier España, S.L.U. y SEEIUC. All rights reserved.

Examining the Role of Environment in a Comprehensive Sample of Compact Groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Charlton, Jane C.; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Hibbard, John E.

2012-03-01

Compact groups, with their high number densities, small velocity dispersions, and an interstellar medium that has not been fully processed, provide a local analog to conditions of galaxy interactions in the earlier universe. The frequent and prolonged gravitational encounters that occur in compact groups affect the evolution of the constituent galaxies in a myriad of ways, for example, gas processing and star formation. Recently, a statistically significant "gap" has been discovered in the mid-infrared (MIR: 3.6-8 μm) IRAC color space of compact group galaxies. This gap is not seen in field samples and is a new example of how the compact group environment may affect the evolution of member galaxies. In order to investigate the origin and nature of this gap, we have compiled a larger sample of 37 compact groups in addition to the original 12 groups studied by Johnson et al. (yielding 174 individual galaxies with reliable MIR photometry). We find that a statistically significant deficit of galaxies in this gap region of IRAC color space is persistent in the full sample, lending support to the hypothesis that the compact group environment inhibits moderate specific star formation rates. Using this expanded sample, we have more fully characterized the distribution of galaxies in this color space and quantified the low-density region more fully with respect to MIR bluer and MIR redder colors. We note a curvature in the color-space distribution, which is fully consistent with increasing dust temperature as the activity in a galaxy increases. This full sample of 49 compact groups allows us to subdivide the data according to physical properties of the groups. An analysis of these subsamples indicates that neither projected physical diameter nor density shows a trend in color space within the values represented by this sample. We hypothesize that the apparent lack of a trend is due to the relatively small range of properties in this sample, whose groups have already been pre-selected to be compact and dense. Thus, the relative influence of stochastic effects (such as the particular distribution and amount of star formation in individual galaxies) becomes dominant. We analyze spectral energy distributions of member galaxies as a function of their location in color space and find that galaxies in different regions of MIR color space contain dust with varying temperatures and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission.

Examining the Role of Environment in a Comprehensive Sample of Compact Groups

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, Lisa May; Johnson, Kelsey E.; Gallagher, Sarah C.; Charlton, Jane C.; Hornschemeier, Ann E.; Hibbard, John E.

2012-01-01

Compact groups, with their high number densities, small velocity dispersions, and an interstellar medium that has not been fully processed, provide a local analog to conditions of galaxy interactions in the earlier universe. The frequent and prolonged gravitational encounters that occur in compact groups affect the evolution of the constituent galaxies in a myriad of ways, for example, gas processing and star formation. Recently, a statistically significant "gap" has been discovered in the mid-infrared (MIR: 3.6-8 µm) IRAC color space of compact group galaxies. This gap is not seen in field samples and is a new example of how the compact group environment may affect the evolution of member galaxies. In order to investigate the origin and nature of this gap, we have compiled a larger sample of 37 compact groups in addition to the original 12 groups studied by Johnson et al. (yielding 174 individual galaxies with reliable MIR photometry). We find that a statistically significant deficit of galaxies in this gap region of IRAC color space is persistent in the full sample, lending support to the hypothesis that the compact group environment inhibits moderate specific star formation rates. Using this expanded sample, we have more fully characterized the distribution of galaxies in this color space and quantified the low-density region more fully with respect to MIR bluer and MIR redder colors. We note a curvature in the color-space distribution, which is fully consistent with increasing dust temperature as the activity in a galaxy increases. This full sample of 49 compact groups allows us to subdivide the data according to physical properties of the groups. An analysis of these subsamples indicates that neither projected physical diameter nor density shows a trend in color space within the values represented by this sample. We hypothesize that the apparent lack of a trend is due to the relatively small range of properties in this sample, whose groups have already been pre-selected to be compact and dense. Thus, the relative influence of stochastic effects (such as the particular distribution and amount of star formation in individual galaxies) becomes dominant. We analyze spectral energy distributions of member galaxies as a function of their location in color space and find that galaxies in different regions of MIR color space contain dust with varying temperatures and/or polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon emission.

The effect of mulching and soil compaction on fungi composition and microbial communities in the rhizosphere of soybean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frac, M.; Siczek, A.; Lipiec, J.

2009-04-01

The soil environment is the habitat of pathogenic and saprotrophic microorganisms. The composition of the microbial community are related to biotic and abiotic factors, such as root exudates, crop residues, climate factors, mulching, mineral fertilization, pesticides introduction and soil compaction. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of the mulching and soil compaction on the microorganism communities in the rhizosphere soil of soybean. The studies were carried out on silty loam soil (Orthic Luvisol) developed from loess (Lublin, Poland). The experiment area was 192m2 divided into 3 sections consisted of 6 micro-plots (7m2). Three levels of soil compaction low, medium and heavy obtained through tractor passes were compared. The soil was compacted and loosened within seedbed layer 2 weeks before sowing. Soybean "Aldana" seeds were inoculated with Bradyrhizobium japonicum and were sown with interrow spacing of 0.3m. Wheat straw (as mulch) was uniformly spread on the half of each micro-plot at an amount of 0.5kg m-1 after sowing. Rhizosphere was collected three times during growing season of soybean. Microbiological analyses were conducted in 3 replications and included the determination of: the total number of bacteria and fungi, the number of bacteria Pseudomonas sp. and Bacillus sp., the genus identification of fungi isolated from rhizosphere of soybean. Results indicated a positive effect of mulching on the increase number of all groups of examined rhizosphere microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp.). The highest number of the microorganisms was found in the low and medium compacted soil and markedly decreased in the most compacted soil. Relatively high number of antagonistic fungi (Penicillium sp., Trichoderma sp.) was recorded in the rhizosphere of low and medium compacted soil, particularly in mulched plots. The presence of these fungi can testify to considerable biological activity, which contributes to the improvement of the phytosanitary condition of the soil. However, the decrease of the antagonistic microorganism number in the heavy compacted soil can be responsible for appearance higher number of the potentially phytopathogenic fungi (Fusarium sp., Phoma sp.). Further research, with using molecular technique, will help better understanding interactions between plant and microorganisms in the soybean rhizosphere under different soil management conditions.

M32 analogs? A population of massive ultra-compact dwarf and compact elliptical galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters

DOE PAGES

Zhang, Yuanyuan; Bell, Eric F.

2017-01-13

Here, we report the discovery of relatively massive, M32-like ultra compact dwarf (UCD) and compact elliptical (CE) galaxy candidates inmore » $$0.2\\lt z\\lt 0.6$$ massive galaxy clusters imaged by the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) survey. Examining the nearly unresolved objects in the survey, we identify a sample of compact objects concentrated around the cluster central galaxies with colors similar to cluster red sequence galaxies. Their colors and magnitudes suggest stellar masses around $${10}^{9}{M}_{\\odot }$$. More than half of these galaxies have half-light radii smaller than 200 pc, falling into the category of massive UCDs and CEs, with properties similar to M32. The properties are consistent with a tidal stripping origin, but we cannot rule out the possibility that they are early-formed compact objects trapped in massive dark matter halos. The 17 CLASH clusters studied in this work on average contain 2.7 of these objects in their central 0.3 Mpc and 0.6 in their central 50 kpc. Our study demonstrates the possibility of statistically characterizing UCDs/CEs with a large set of uniform imaging survey data.« less

Deepwater Gulf of Mexico turbidites -- Compaction effects on porosity and permeability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ostermeier, R.M.

1995-06-01

The deepwater Gulf of Mexico is now a major area of activity for the US oil industry. Compaction causes particular concern because most prospective deepwater reservoirs are highly geo-pressured and many have limited aquifer support; water injection may also be problematic. To address some of the issues associated with compaction, the authors initiated a special core-analysis program to study compaction effects on turbidite sand porosity and permeability specifically. This program also addressed a number of subsidiary but no less important issues, such as sample characterization and quality, sample preparation, and test procedures. These issues are particularly pertinent, because Gulf ofmore » Mexico turbidites are generally unconsolidated, loose sands, and are thus susceptible to a whole array of potentially serious core-disturbing processes. One key result of the special core analysis program is that turbidite compressibilities exhibit large variations in both magnitude and stress dependence. These variations correlate with creep response in the laboratory measurements. The effects of compaction on permeability are significant. To eliminate complicating effects caused by fines movement, the authors made oil flow measurements at initial water saturation. The measurements indicate compaction reduces permeability four to five times more than porosity on a relative basis.« less

On the die compaction of powders used in pharmaceutics.

PubMed

Aryanpour, Gholamreza; Farzaneh, Masoud

2018-07-01

Die compaction is widely used in the compaction of pharmaceutical powders (tableting). It is well known that the powder densification is a result of particle rearrangement and particle deformation. The former is considered to be the governing mechanism of densification in an initial stage of compaction and the latter is regarded as the governing mechanism in the compaction at the higher pressure range. As a more realistic assumption, one can consider that a simultaneous performance of both the rearrangement and deformation mechanisms takes place from the beginning of compaction. To mathematically formulate this assumption, a piston equation is presented where the material relative density is given as a function of the applied pressure on the powder. From the equation, it is possible to obtain the contribution of each mechanism to the material densification at each value of the applied pressure. In the continuation, the piston equation is applied to the tabletting of some pharmaceutical powders. These are the powders of Ascorbic Acid, Avicel ® PH 101, Avicel ® PH 301, Emcompress ® , Sodium Chloride, and Tablettose ® whose tableting results have been previously published in the literature. The results show the piston equation as a suitable approach to describe the tabletting of pharmaceutical powders.

M32 analogs? A population of massive ultra-compact dwarf and compact elliptical galaxies in intermediate-redshift clusters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhang, Yuanyuan; Bell, Eric F.

Here, we report the discovery of relatively massive, M32-like ultra compact dwarf (UCD) and compact elliptical (CE) galaxy candidates inmore » $$0.2\\lt z\\lt 0.6$$ massive galaxy clusters imaged by the Cluster Lensing And Supernova survey with Hubble (CLASH) survey. Examining the nearly unresolved objects in the survey, we identify a sample of compact objects concentrated around the cluster central galaxies with colors similar to cluster red sequence galaxies. Their colors and magnitudes suggest stellar masses around $${10}^{9}{M}_{\\odot }$$. More than half of these galaxies have half-light radii smaller than 200 pc, falling into the category of massive UCDs and CEs, with properties similar to M32. The properties are consistent with a tidal stripping origin, but we cannot rule out the possibility that they are early-formed compact objects trapped in massive dark matter halos. The 17 CLASH clusters studied in this work on average contain 2.7 of these objects in their central 0.3 Mpc and 0.6 in their central 50 kpc. Our study demonstrates the possibility of statistically characterizing UCDs/CEs with a large set of uniform imaging survey data.« less

How rivers remember: The impacts of prior stress history on grain scale topography and bedload transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masteller, C.; Finnegan, N. J.

2016-12-01

Memory is preserved in rivers through the sorting and arrangement of grains on their beds, which reflect previous flow conditions. Manifestations of this phenomenon include observed hysteresis in bedload rating curves (e.g., Moog and Whiting, 1998; Reid et al., 1985) and correlations between the stage at the start of a transport event and the stage at the end of transport during a previous event (Turowski et al., 2011). This observed history dependence represents a key difficulty in the accurate prediction of bedload transport rates. To begin to systematically explore these memory effects on fluvial bedload transport, we experimentally examined how a gravel bed river responds to variations in prior stress history. Specifically, we compare the response of the grain-scale topography of a gravel riverbed to both below and above threshold flow conditions. We find that under low flow, when no sediment transport occurs, the bed compacts as the highest protruding grains pivot into low elevation pockets. This reorganization appears to occur logarithmically with low flow duration, making it analogous to compaction observed in dry granular flows subjected to agitation. The amount of prior compaction affects bedload transport rates at the onset of above threshold flow, with more compact beds yielding less bedload flux. In contrast, we find that under sediment-transporting flows, the bed dilates because grains are re-deposited in relatively precarious positions. During the same applied transport flow, we observe that the most pronounced dilation occurs when the initial bed is the most compact, suggesting that the potential for dilation is related to the degree of previous compaction. These observations highlight that a gravel bed experiences two different behaviors, compaction under low shear stresses, and dilation under high, sediment transporting, shear stresses. This observation is consistent with previous studies on the compaction and dilation of granular media, as well as flume experiments conducted using glass beads. Further, this study highlights the varying response of grain-scale topography and bedload transport rates to prior flow and bed conditions, demonstrating history dependence in fluvial systems.

Glass transitions and viscoelastic properties of carbopol and noveon compacts.

PubMed

Gómez-Carracedo, A; Alvarez-Lorenzo, C; Gómez-Amoza, J L; Concheiro, A

2004-04-15

Glass transitions of five varieties of Carbopol (acrylic acid polymers cross-linked with allyl sucrose or allyl pentaerythritol) and two varieties of Noveon (calcium salts of acrylic acid polymer cross-linked with divinylglycol) differing in cross-linking density and nature and content in residual solvents, were analysed (as compressed probes) by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), modulated temperature differential scanning calorimetry (MTDSC), and oscillatory rheometry. All carbopol compacts showed a main glass transition, at a temperature between 130 and 140 degrees C, Tg, independently of their cross-linking degree and molecular weight. Additionally two batches of Carbopol 971P, which had greater contents in residual solvents, also presented a secondary transition at 65-70 degrees C. Sorption of water during storage of carbopol compacts at different relative humidity environments caused the Tg to strongly decrease. Compacts stored at 97.5% relative humidity have Tg below 0 degrees C and behave, at room temperature, as flexible hydrogels. The Gordon-Taylor/Kelley-Bueche equation only fit the dependence of Tg on water content well for carbopol compacts containing less than 15% water. The plasticizing effect of water was clearly evidenced in the considerable decrease in the storage and loss moduli of the compacts. Although the energy associated to the glass transitions of carbopol polymers, 0.40-0.50 Jg(-1) degrees C(-1), is high enough to be clearly detected by DSC, in some cases the evaporation of residual solvents may make it difficult to observe the Tg. This inconvenience is overcome using MTDSC or oscillatory rheometry. The decrease in Tg of carbopol caused by water sorption when compacts were stored at 97.5% R.H. explains why their loss (G") and storage (G') moduli at room temperature decreased four orders of magnitude. In contrast, in noveon varieties, calcium ions act as ionic cross-linkers of the carboxylic groups, providing rigid networks with much higher Tg, and storage and loss moduli. This explains that despite sorbing similar amounts of water to carbopol, the changes on the mechanical properties of noveon compacts were much less important (i.e., G' and G" decreased up to one order of magnitude).

Understanding the mechanical and acoustical characteristics of sand aggregates compacting under triaxial conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hangx, Suzanne; Brantut, Nicolas

2016-04-01

Mechanisms such as grain rearrangement, coupled with elastic deformation, grain breakage, grain rearrangement, grain rotation, and intergranular sliding, play a key role in determining porosity and permeability reduction during burial of clastic sediments. Similarly, in poorly consolidated, highly porous sands and sandstones, grain rotation, intergranular sliding, grain failure, and pore collapse often lead to significant reduction in porosity through the development of compaction bands, with the reduced porosity and permeability of such bands producing natural barriers to flow within reservoir rocks. Such time-independent compaction processes operating in highly porous water- and hydrocarbon-bearing clastic reservoirs can exert important controls on production-related reservoir deformation, subsidence, and induced seismicity. We performed triaxial compression experiments on sand aggregates consisting of well-rounded Ottawa sand (d = 300-400 μm; φ = 36.1-36.4%) at room temperature, to systematically investigate the effect of confining pressure (Pceff = 5-100 MPa), strain rate (10-6-10-4 s-1) and chemical environment (decane vs. water; Pf = 5 MPa) on compaction. For a limited number of experiments grain size distribution (d = 180-500 μm) and grain shape (subangular Beaujean sand; d = 180-300 μm) were varied to study their effect. Acoustic emission statistics and location, combined with microstructural and grain size analysis, were used to verify the operating microphysical compaction mechanisms. All tests showed significant pre-compaction during the initial hydrostatic (set-up) phase, with quasi-elastic loading behaviour accompanied by permanent deformation during the differential loading stage. This permanent volumetric strain involved elastic grain contact distortion, particle rearrangement, and grain failure. From the acoustic data and grain size analysis, it was evident that at low confining pressure grain rearrangement controlled compaction, with grain failure being present but occurring to a relatively limited extent. Acoustic emission localization showed that failure was focussed along a broad shear plane. At higher confining pressure pervasive grain failure clearly accommodated compaction, though no strain localization was observed and failure appeared to be through cataclastic flow. Chemical environment, i.e. chemically inert decane vs. water as a pore fluid, had no significant effect on compaction in the strain rate range tested. Grain size distribution or grain shape also appeared to not affect the observed mechanical behaviour. Our results can be used to better understand the compaction behaviour of poorly consolidated sandstones. Future research will focus on understanding the effect of cementation on strain localization in deforming artificial Ottawa sandstone.

Duality between QCD perturbative series and power corrections

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narison, S.; Zakharov, V. I.

2009-08-01

We elaborate on the relation between perturbative and power-like corrections to short-distance sensitive QCD observables. We confront theoretical expectations with explicit perturbative calculations existing in literature. As is expected, the quadratic correction is dual to a long perturbative series and one should use one of them but not both. However, this might be true only for very long perturbative series, with number of terms needed in most cases exceeding the number of terms available. What has not been foreseen, the quartic corrections might also be dual to the perturbative series. If confirmed, this would imply a crucial modification of the dogma. We confront this quadratic correction against existing phenomenology (QCD (spectral) sum rules scales, determinations of light quark masses and of αs from τ-decay). We find no contradiction and (to some extent) better agreement with the data and with recent lattice calculations.

Evaluation of effects of geometrical parameters on density distribution in compaction of PM gears

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khodaee, Alireza; Melander, Arne

2017-10-01

The usage of powder metallurgy (PM) for manufacturing of transmission components in automotive industries has been studied by many researchers. PM components have become of interest in recent years due to advancements in post processing possibilities such as hot isostatic pressing (HIP). Still in many of the forming process routes for making components from PM materials, the compaction of the powder into green component is the first step. Compaction is required to put the powder into the near net shape of the desired component and it causes a density gradient in the body of the green component. Basically the friction between powder particles and between the powder particles and die walls are the well-known roots for such density gradients in the compacted component. Looking at forming of PM gears, the gradient in density is one of the most important roots of problems in the processing of PM gears as well. That is because making a gear with full density and no pores will be very costly if large density gradients exist in the green component. The purpose of this study is to find the possible relations between the gear geometry and the density gradients in the green component after compaction in addition to the friction effects. For this purpose several gears should be tested. To reduce the research costs, the finite element (FE) method is used. First a FE model of the compaction process is developed and verified. To investigate the relations between the density gradients and the gear parameters such as addendum diameter (da) and the face width (b) several gear geometries have been studied. The compaction of selected gears is simulated using the FE model. The simulations results which are the distribution of density in the green component are evaluated and discussed and conclusion are made based on them.

Properties of soil in the San Fernando hydraulic fill dams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, K.L.

1975-08-01

Results are presented of extensive field and laboratory tests on soils from two old hydraulic fill dams that were damaged during the Feb. 9, 1971, San Fernando earthquake. The data include standard penetration, absolute and relative compaction, relative density, static strength, and cyclic triaxial test results for both the hydraulic fill silty sand and the natural silty and gravelly sand alluvium. The relative densities of the hydraulic fills ranged from about 51 to 58 percent and the relative compaction ranged from about 85 to 92 percent of Modified AASHO maximum density. The relative density of the alluvium was about 65more » to 70 percent. Other properties were consistent with previously published data from other similar soils at similar densities.« less

Interviewing strategically to elicit admissions from guilty suspects.

PubMed

Tekin, Serra; Granhag, Pär Anders; Strömwall, Leif; Giolla, Erik Mac; Vrij, Aldert; Hartwig, Maria

2015-06-01

In this article we introduce a novel interviewing tactic to elicit admissions from guilty suspects. By influencing the suspects' perception of the amount of evidence the interviewer holds against them, we aimed to shift the suspects' counterinterrogation strategies from less to more forthcoming. The proposed tactic (SUE-Confrontation) is a development of the Strategic Use of Evidence (SUE) framework and aims to affect the suspects' perception by confronting them with statement-evidence inconsistencies. Participants (N = 90) were asked to perform several mock criminal tasks before being interviewed using 1 of 3 interview techniques: (a) SUE-Confrontation, (b) Early Disclosure of Evidence, or (c) No Disclosure of Evidence. As predicted, the SUE-Confrontation interview generated more statement-evidence inconsistencies from suspects than the Early Disclosure interview. Importantly, suspects in the SUE-Confrontation condition (vs. Early and No disclosure conditions) admitted more self-incriminating information and also perceived the interviewer to have had more information about the critical phase of the crime (the phase where the interviewer lacked evidence). The findings show the adaptability of the SUE-technique and how it may be used as a tool for eliciting admissions. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

A Therapeutic Confrontation Approach to Treating Patients with Factitious Illness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wedel, Kenneth R.

1971-01-01

Patients suffering from factitious illness present complex problems for themselves and hospital personnel. This article describes a multidisciplinary intervention through confrontation approach that has proved to be successful with such patients. (Author)

28 CFR 552.23 - Confrontation avoidance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MANAGEMENT CUSTODY Use of Force and Application of Restraints on Inmates § 552.23 Confrontation avoidance... knowledge they have gained about the inmate and the incident, determine if use of force is necessary. [59 FR...

Three Misconceptions About Radiation — And What We Teachers Can Do to Confront Them

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neumann, Susanne

2014-09-01

During the last few years teaching physics, I have noticed that my students are becoming more and more interested in the topic of radiation. Mobile phones, modern game consoles, and WiFi—all of these devices involving some kind of radiation are part of our students' everyday lives. Students are also frequently confronted in the media with debates relating to different types of radiation: What are the effects of nuclear contamination going to be after the Fukushima accident? Can radiation from mobile phones really cause cancer? Should the use of tanning booths be forbidden for teenagers? Although students seem to be very motivated to learn about the topic of radiation, I have encountered several misconceptions about this topic that my students bring into the physics classroom. Some of these misconceptions might be caused by biased media reports, while others can be attributed to a different usage of the word radiation in everyday language (when compared to the scientific usage of this term). In this paper, I would like to present the most common misconceptions about radiation that I have encountered in my physics courses and I would like to give some ideas how to confront these ideas in teaching. A detailed description of these misconceptions discovered through empirical research can be found in one of my research articles.1

The Lived Experience of Iranian Women Confronting Breast Cancer Diagnosis.

PubMed

Mehrabi, Esmat; Hajian, Sepideh; Simbar, Masoomeh; Hoshyari, Mohammad; Zayeri, Farid

2016-03-01

The populations who survive from breast cancer are growing; nevertheless, they mostly encounter with many cancer related problems in their life, especially after early diagnosis and have to deal with these problems. Except for the disease entity, several socio-cultural factors may affect confronting this challenge among patients and the way they deal with. Present study was carried out to prepare clear understanding of Iranian women's lived experiences confronting breast cancer diagnosis and coping ways they applied to deal with it. This study was carried out by using qualitative phenomenological design. Data gathering was done through purposive sampling using semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 18 women who survived from breast cancer. The transcribed interviews were analyzed using Van Manen's thematic analysis approach. Two main themes were emerged from the interviews including "emotional turbulence" and "threat control". The first, comprised three sub themes including uncertainty, perceived worries, and living with fears. The second included risk control, recurrence control, immediate seeking help, seeking support and resource to spirituality. Emotional response was the immediate reflection to cancer diagnosis. However, during post-treatment period a variety of emotions were not uncommon findings, patients' perceptions have been changing along the time and problem-focused coping strategies have replaced. Although women may experience a degree of improvement and adjustment with illness, the emotional problems are not necessarily resolved, they may continue and gradually engender positive outcomes.

A Survey of Compact Star Clusters in the South-West Field of the M 31 Disk

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kodaira, Keiichi; Vansevičius, Vladas; Bridzius, Audrius; Komiyama, Yutaka; Miyazaki, Satoshi; Stonkute, Rima; Šablevičiutė, Ieva; Narbutis, Donatas

2004-12-01

A survey for compact clusters with a dimension of 10pc order was conducted in an area of about 500 square arc-minutes of the south-west part of the M31 disk, making use of the high-resolution capability of Suprime-Cam. Photometry in the B, V, and R broad-bands, and in the R* medium-band centered around Hα with varying apertures was carried out for about 1200 targets, which are related to about 300 compact objects detected in the survey. The results for 101 prominent compact objects are presented as photometric catalogues and morphological atlases, separately for samples with and without strong Hα emission. Many of the compact objects, which were previously suspected to be globular cluster candidates, are judged to be open clusters based upon their internal structures of sub-arc-second order. The majority of the 49 listed compact non-emission objects, which are restricted to be brighter than MV ˜ -5, have colors of 0 < B - V < 1.0, indicating their nature of massive evolved clusters. In contrast, only about 10% of the 52 listed compact emission objects are brighter than MiV ˜ -5, probably reflecting the short period of the emission phase and the substantial effects of the circum-stellar extinction. The detection of a few candidates of background galaxies is also reported.

Low Gas Fractions Connect Compact Star-Forming Galaxies to their z~2 Quiescent Descendants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spilker, Justin; Bezanson, Rachel; Marrone, Daniel P.; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Whitaker, Katherine E.; Williams, Christina C.

2017-01-01

Early quiescent galaxies at z ~ 2 are known to be remarkably compact compared to their nearby counterparts. Possible progenitors of these systems include galaxies that are structurally similar, but are still rapidly forming stars. I will present Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array (VLA) observations of the CO(1-0) line towards three such compact, star-forming galaxies at z ~ 2.3, significantly detecting one. The VLA observations indicate baryonic gas fractions 5 times lower and gas depletion times 10 times shorter than normal, extended massive star-forming galaxies at these redshifts. At their current star formation rates, all three objects will deplete their gas reservoirs within 100Myr. These objects are among the most gas-poor objects observed at z > 2 and are outliers from standard gas scaling relations, a result which remains true regardless of assumptions about the CO-H2 conversion factor. Our observations are consistent with the idea that compact, star-forming galaxies are in a rapid state of transition to quiescence in tandem with the build-up of the z ~ 2 quenched population. In the detected compact galaxy, we see no evidence of rotation or that the CO-emitting gas is spatially extended relative to the stellar light. This casts doubt on recent suggestions that the gas in these compact galaxies is rotating and significantly extended compared to the stars. Instead, we suggest that, at least for this object, the gas is centrally concentrated, and only traces a small fraction of the total galaxy dynamical mass. I will conclude by discussing my ongoing efforts to characterize the gas and star forming properties of this unusual population of galaxies.

Physics of Neutron Star Crusts.

PubMed

Chamel, Nicolas; Haensel, Pawel

2008-01-01

The physics of neutron star crusts is vast, involving many different research fields, from nuclear and condensed matter physics to general relativity. This review summarizes the progress, which has been achieved over the last few years, in modeling neutron star crusts, both at the microscopic and macroscopic levels. The confrontation of these theoretical models with observations is also briefly discussed.

Cost-Effectiveness and Cost-Benefit Analysis: Confronting the Problem of Choice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clardy, Alan

Cost-effectiveness analysis and cost-benefit analysis are two related yet distinct methods to help decision makers choose the best course of action from among competing alternatives. For both types of analysis, costs are computed similarly. Costs may be reduced to present value amounts for multi-year programs, and parameters may be altered to show…

Prevention of Drug Use. Grades 4-6. Education for Self-Responsibility II.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Education Agency, Austin.

This Education for Self Responsibility (ESR) curriculum guide is designed to help students learn to make intelligent decisions about health and well being, and to act responsibly when confronted with opportunities to try drugs. The program focuses on ways in which Grades 4-6 teachers can emphasize: personal development; interpersonal relations;…

A Grounded Theory of Behavior Management Strategy Selection, Implementation, and Perceived Effectiveness Reported by First-Year Elementary Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smart, Julie B.; Igo, L. Brent

2010-01-01

In this grounded theory study, 19 teachers were interviewed and then, in constant comparative fashion, the interview data were analyzed. The theoretical model that emerged from the data describes novice teachers' tendencies to select and implement differing strategies related to the severity of student behavior. When confronting mild student…

Illusions of Immortality: The Confrontation of Adolescence and AIDS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Dept. of Health, Albany.

Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) is a potent and a present danger for teenagers, casting a dark shadow over their lives now and in the future. A small, but significant, number of teenagers will develop Human Immune Virus (HIV)-related illness before they turn 20; a far greater number will become infected with the virus during…

Pushing the Comfort Zone: Confronting the Perceptions of Teaching and Classroom Culture.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fetters, Marcia K.

Preservice teachers have pre-existing conceptions of teaching that develop throughout many years of being students in the presence of teachers. Teacher educators are faced with the challenge of making the invisible parts of being a teacher visible to their students. This paper presents some of the activities, especially related to videotaped case…

Warning Signs of Problems in Schools: Ecological Perspectives and Effective Practices for Combating School Aggression and Violence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osher, David; VanAcker, Richard; Morrison, Gale M.; Gable, Robert; Dwyer, Kevin; Quinn, Mary

2004-01-01

One need not look hard to find evidence of concern related to the nature of student behavior in our schools. School violence, aggression, bullying, and harassment (e.g., racial or sexual) are often cited as challenging behaviors confronting educators and community leaders. Unfortunately, most schools address these concerns with aversive…

Race-Class Relations and Integration in Secondary Education: The Case of Miller High

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eick, Caroline

2010-01-01

Eick explores the history of a comprehensive high school from the world views of its assorted student body, confronting issues of race, ethnicity, class, gender, nationality, and religion. Her case study examines the continuities and differences in student relationships over five decades. While she discusses the "dark side" of the high school…

Film and Video Tape Feedback: A Review of the Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Harry P.

This review is concerned with self-confrontation counseling, which is defined as facing a subject with inconsistencies in his motivations or evasions. Such counseling involves two elements: the playback to a subject of his videotaped activity to allow him to view himself as others view him, and feedback to the subject in relation to the videotape.…

Confronting Cyber-Bullying: What Schools Need to Know to Control Misconduct and Avoid Legal Consequences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shariff, Shaheen

2009-01-01

This book is directed to academics, educators, and government policy-makers who are concerned about addressing emerging cyber-bullying and anti-authority student expressions through the use of cell phone and Internet technologies. There is a current policy vacuum relating to the extent of educators' legal responsibilities to intervene when such…

How Do Students' Mastery and Performance Goals Relate to Math Anxiety?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furner, Joseph M.; Gonzalez-DeHass, Alyssa

2011-01-01

A changing, economically competitive world has necessitated reform in mathematics education. Yet mathematics anxiety has been a prevalent concern among educators and others in our society for decades. Some students tend to be more anxious about the testing process and can often freeze up, others just cringe when they are confronted with any form…

Education and Learning in the Early Middle Ages: New Perspectives and Old Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Contreni, John J.

1989-01-01

Discusses various scholarly views of education and learning in the early middle ages and identifies some problems confronting scholars investigating this period. Points out new perspectives relative to the role of education during this time. Asserts that future study of early medieval education will benefit from focusing on the minds of masters…

The Use of Safety Plans with Children and Adolescents Living in Violent Families

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kress, Victoria E.; Adamson, Nicole A.; Paylo, Matthew J.; DeMarco, Carrie; Bradley, Nicole

2012-01-01

Counselors are regularly confronted with children and adolescents who reside in violent or potentially violent living environments. In this article, safety plans are presented as a tool that counselors can use to promote the safety of children living in unsafe family situations. Ethics-related counseling issues that should be considered when…

Ethics and the Promotion of Inclusiveness within Qualitative Research: Case Examples from Asia and the Pacific

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Czymoniewicz-Klippel, Melina T.; Brijnath, Bianca; Crockett, Belinda

2010-01-01

Qualitative researchers are often confronted by ethical challenges when making research decisions because current guidelines and principles guiding research ethics do not wholly cover the concerns that can arise in complex social research situations. In this article, the authors explore this dilemma in relation to our experiences of conducting…

A GPR agricultural drainage pipe detection case study: Effects of antenna orientation relative to drainage pipe directional trend

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Locating buried drainage pipes is a difficult task confronting farmers and land improvement contractors, especially in the Midwest U.S., where the removal of excess soil water using subsurface drainage systems is a common farm practice. Enhancing the efficiency of soil water removal on land containi...

World Population: U.N. on the Move but Grounds for Optimism Are Scant

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holden, Constance

1974-01-01

Discusses current trends and problems relating to world population, and focuses on action being taken by the United Nations. This year (1974) has been designated World Population Year, and will be highlighted by a conference in Bucharest in which all 130 member governments will meet to confront the issue of population control. (JR)

Methodological Issues in Comparative Educational Studies: The Case of the IEA Reading Literacy Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Binkley, Marilyn, Ed.; And Others

This report discusses various methodological issues confronted in the Reading Literacy Study conducted under the auspices of the International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA) and issues relating to analysis of the data. The study analyzed in the report involved fourth- and ninth-grade students (9-year-olds and…

Processes and Factors Underlying Adolescent Males' Attitudes and Decision-Making in Relation to an Unplanned Pregnancy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Condon, John T.; Corkindale, Carolyn J.; Russell, Alan; Quinlivan, Julie A.

2006-01-01

This research examined adolescent males' decision-making when confronted with a hypothetical unplanned pregnancy in a sexual partner. An innovative methodology, involving a computerized simulation game was utilized with 386 Australian males (mean age of 15 years). Data were gathered from responses made during the simulation, and questionnaires…

Design and evaluation of a DAMQ multiprocessor network with self-compacting buffers

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Park, J.; O`Krafka, B.W.O.; Vassiliadis, S.

1994-12-31

This paper describes a new approach to implement Dynamically Allocated Multi-Queue (DAMQ) switching elements using a technique called ``self-compacting buffers``. This technique is efficient in that the amount of hardware required to manage the buffers is relatively small; it offers high performance since it is an implementation of a DAMQ. The first part of this paper describes the self-compacting buffer architecture in detail, and compares it against a competing DAMQ switch design. The second part presents extensive simulation results comparing the performance of a self compacting buffer switch against an ideal switch including several examples of k-ary n-cubes and deltamore » networks. In addition, simulation results show how the performance of an entire network can be quickly and accurately approximated by simulating just a single switching element.« less

Stress responses and decision making in child protection workers faced with high conflict situations.

PubMed

LeBlanc, Vicki R; Regehr, Cheryl; Shlonsky, Aron; Bogo, Marion

2012-05-01

The assessment of children at risk of abuse and neglect is a critical societal function performed by child protection workers in situations of acute stress and conflict. Despite efforts to improve the reliability of risk assessments through standardized measures, available tools continue to rely on subjective judgment. The goal of this study was to assess the stress responses of child protection workers and their assessments of risk in high conflict situations. Ninety-six child protection workers participated in 2 simulated scenarios, 1 non-confrontational and 1 confrontational. In each scenario, participants conducted a 15-minute interview with a mother played by a specially trained actor. Following the interview, the workers completed 2 risk assessment measures used in the field at the time of the study. Anxiety was measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory at baseline and immediately following the completion of each interview. Physiological stress as measured by salivary cortisol was obtained at baseline as well as 20 and 30 minutes after the start of each interview. Participants demonstrated significant stress responses during the 1st scenario, regardless of whether the interview was confrontational or not. During the second scenario, the participants did not exhibit significant cortisol responses, however the confrontational interview elicited greater subjective anxiety than the non-confrontational scenario. In the first scenario, in which the workers demonstrated greater stress responses, risk assessment scores were higher on one risk assessment tool for the confrontational scenario than for the non-confrontational scenario. The results suggest that stress responses in child protection workers appear to be influenced by the novelty of a situation and by a parent's demeanor during interviews. Some forms of risk assessment tools appear to be more strongly associated than other with the workers' subjective and physiological stress responses. This merits further research to determine which aspects of risk assessment tools are susceptible to the emotional elements of intake interviews. Copyright © 2012. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Numerical Relativity for Space-Based Gravitational Wave Astronomy

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baker, John G.

2011-01-01

In the next decade, gravitational wave instruments in space may provide high-precision measurements of gravitational-wave signals from strong sources, such as black holes. Currently variations on the original Laser Interferometer Space Antenna mission concepts are under study in the hope of reducing costs. Even the observations of a reduced instrument may place strong demands on numerical relativity capabilities. Possible advances in the coming years may fuel a new generation of codes ready to confront these challenges.

OSHA Confronts Carcinogens in the Workplace as Inflation Fighters Confront OSHA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heller, Ilene

1978-01-01

Discusses the apparently opposing forces of worker safety, as represented by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), and economic inflation spawned by expensive industrial processes needed to limit the emission of carcinogens. (CP)

The Egalitarian Optimist and the Confrontation of Prejudice

PubMed Central

Wellman, Justin A.; Czopp, Alexander M.; Geers, Andrew L.

2010-01-01

Standing up against prejudice often requires one to surmount powerful inter- and intra-individual forces. Egalitarian standards alone are often insufficient to surmount these forces. As individuals high in dispositional optimism vigorously pursue valued goals, even when threatened with obstacles, we propose that the combination of high optimism and salient egalitarian goals predicts the confrontation of prejudice. In the present study, individuals high and low in both optimism and prejudice were randomly assigned to hear a racist joke followed by an argument, or to hear the same joke but without the argument. We found that low-prejudice optimists who had their chronic egalitarian values made salient by hearing the argument were highly likely to confront a later act of prejudice. Self-report data closely mirrored this behavioral finding. These findings support a self-regulatory approach to confrontation and suggest new avenues for combating prejudice. PMID:20336167

Preoperative assessment of confrontation naming ability and interictal paraphasia production in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy.

PubMed

Schefft, Bruce K; Testa, S Marc; Dulay, Mario F; Privitera, Michael D; Yeh, Hwa-Shain

2003-04-01

The present study examined the diagnostic utility of confrontation naming tasks and phonemic paraphasia production in lateralizing the epileptogenic region in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). Further, the role of intelligence in moderating the diagnostic utility of confrontation naming tasks was assessed. Eighty patients with medically intractable complex partial seizures (40 left TLE, 40 right TLE) received the Boston Naming Test (BNT) and the Visual Naming subtest (VNT) of the Multilingual Aphasia Examination. The BNT was diagnostically more sensitive than the VNT in identifying left TLE (77.5% vs 17.5%, respectively). The utility of BNT performance and paraphasias was maximal in patients with Full Scale IQs >or=90 who were 6.8 times more likely to have left TLE than patients without paraphasias. Preoperative assessment of confrontation naming ability and phonemic paraphasia production using the BNT provided diagnostically useful information in lateralizing the epileptogenic region in left TLE.

Refractive index sensor based on lateral-offset of coreless silica interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baharin, Nur Faizzah; Azmi, Asrul Izam; Abdullah, Ahmad Sharmi; Mohd Noor, Muhammad Yusof

2018-02-01

A compact, cost-effective and high sensitivity fiber interferometer refractive index (RI) sensor based on symmetrical offset coreless silica fiber (CSF) configuration is proposed, optimized and demonstrated. The sensor is formed by splicing a section of CSF between two CSF sections in an offset manner. Thus, two distinct optical paths are created with large index difference, the first path through the connecting CSF sections and the second path is outside the CSF through the surrounding media. RI sensing is established from direct interaction of light with surrounding media, hence high sensitivity can be achieved with a relatively compact sensor length. In the experimental work, a 1.5 mm sensor demonstrates RI sensitivity of 750 nm/RIU for RI range between 1.33 and 1.345. With the main attributes of high sensitivity and compact size, the proposed sensor can be further developed for related applications including blood diagnosis, water quality control and food industries.

Bubble migration in a compacting crystal-liquid mush

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boudreau, Alan

2016-04-01

Recent theoretical models have suggested that bubbles are unlikely to undergo significant migration in a compaction crystal mush by capillary invasion while the system remains partly molten. To test this, experiments of bubble migration during compaction in a crystal-liquid mush were modeled using deformable foam crystals in corn syrup in a volumetric burette, compacted with rods of varying weights. A bubble source was provided by sodium bicarbonate (Alka-Seltzer®). Large bubbles (>several crystal sizes) are pinched by the compacting matrix and become overpressured and deformed as the bubbles experience a load change from hydrostatic to lithostatic. Once they begin to move, they move much faster than the compaction-driven liquid. Bubbles that are about the same size as the crystals but larger than the narrower pore throats move by deformation or breaking into smaller bubbles as they are forced through pore restrictions. Bubbles that are less than the typical pore diameter generally move with the liquid: The liquid + bubble mixture behaves as a single phase with a lower density than the bubble-free liquid, and as a consequence it rises faster than bubble-free liquid and allows for faster compaction. The overpressure required to force a bubble through the matrix (max grain size = 5 mm) is modest, about 5 %, and it is estimated that for a grain size of 1 mm, the required overpressure would be about 25 %. Using apatite distribution in a Stillwater olivine gabbro as an analog for bubble nucleation and growth, it is suggested that relatively large bubbles initially nucleate and grow in liquid-rich channels that develop late in the compaction history. Overpressure from compaction allows bubbles to rise higher into hotter parts of the crystal pile, where they redissolve and increase the volatile content of the liquid over what it would have without the bubble migration, leading to progressively earlier vapor saturation during crystallization of the interstitial liquid. Bubbles can also move rapidly by `surfing' on porosity waves that can develop in a compacting mush.

APPARATUS FOR HANDLING MIXTURES OF SOLID MATERIALS

DOEpatents

Hubbell, J.P.

1959-08-25

An apparatus is described for handling either a mixture of finely subdivided materials or a single material requiring a compacting action thereon preparatory to a chemical reducing process carried out in a crucible container. The apparatus is designed to deposit a mixture of dust-forming solid materials in a container while confining the materials against escape into the surrounding atmosphere. A movable filling tube, having a compacting member, is connected to the container and to a covered hopper receiving the mixture of materials. The filling tube is capable of reciprocating in the container and their relative positions are dependent upon the pressure established upon the material by the compacting member.

Inhomogeneous compact extra dimensions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bronnikov, K.A.; Budaev, R.I.; Grobov, A.V.

We show that an inhomogeneous compact extra space possesses two necessary features— their existence does not contradict the observable value of the cosmological constant Λ{sub 4} in pure f ( R ) theory, and the extra dimensions are stable relative to the 'radion mode' of perturbations, the only mode considered. For a two-dimensional extra space, both analytical and numerical solutions for the metric are found, able to provide a zero or arbitrarily small Λ{sub 4}. A no-go theorem has also been proved, that maximally symmetric compact extra spaces are inconsistent with 4D Minkowski space in the framework of pure fmore » ( R ) gravity.« less

Non-invasive cortisol measurements as indicators of physiological stress responses in guinea pigs

PubMed Central

Pschernig, Elisabeth; Wallner, Bernard; Millesi, Eva

2016-01-01

Non-invasive measurements of glucocorticoid (GC) concentrations, including cortisol and corticosterone, serve as reliable indicators of adrenocortical activities and physiological stress loads in a variety of species. As an alternative to invasive analyses based on plasma, GC concentrations in saliva still represent single-point-of-time measurements, suitable for studying short-term or acute stress responses, whereas fecal GC metabolites (FGMs) reflect overall stress loads and stress responses after a species-specific time frame in the long-term. In our study species, the domestic guinea pig, GC measurements are commonly used to indicate stress responses to different environmental conditions, but the biological relevance of non-invasive measurements is widely unknown. We therefore established an experimental protocol based on the animals’ natural stress responses to different environmental conditions and compared GC levels in plasma, saliva, and fecal samples during non-stressful social isolations and stressful two-hour social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals. Plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations were significantly increased directly after the social confrontations, and plasma and saliva cortisol levels were strongly correlated. This demonstrates a high biological relevance of GC measurements in saliva. FGM levels measured 20 h afterwards, representing the reported mean gut passage time based on physiological validations, revealed that the overall stress load was not affected by the confrontations, but also no relations to plasma cortisol levels were detected. We therefore measured FGMs in two-hour intervals for 24 h after another social confrontation and detected significantly increased levels after four to twelve hours, reaching peak concentrations already after six hours. Our findings confirm that non-invasive GC measurements in guinea pigs are highly biologically relevant in indicating physiological stress responses compared to circulating levels in plasma in the short- and long-term. Our approach also underlines the importance of detailed investigations on how to use and interpret non-invasive measurements, including the determination of appropriate time points for sample collections. PMID:26839750

Major workforce challenges confronting New York City Transit.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-05-01

The purpose of this research was to identify the pressing workforce issues confronted by transit authorities : nationwide and promising ways in which they are being addressed. The study also included a closer : examination of New York City Transit (N...

Initial examination of fuel compacts and TRISO particles from the US AGR-2 irradiation test

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hunn, John D.; Baldwin, Charles A.; Montgomery, Fred C.

Post-irradiation examination was completed on two as-irradiated compacts from the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program’s second irradiation test. These compacts were selected for examination because there were indications that they may have contained particles that released cesium through a failed or defective SiC layer. The coated particles were recovered from these compacts by electrolytic deconsolidation of the surrounding graphitic matrix in nitric acid. The leach-burn-leach (LBL) process was used to dissolve and analyze exposed metallic elements (actinides and fission products), and each particle was individually surveyed for relative cesium retention with the Irradiated Microsphere Gamma Analyzermore » (IMGA). Data from IMGA and LBL examinations provided information on fission product release during irradiation and whether any specific particles had below-average retention that could be related to coating layer defects or radiation-induced degradation. A few selected normal-retention particles and six with abnormally-low cesium inventory were analyzed using X-ray tomography to produce three-dimensional images of the internal coating structure. Four of the low-cesium particles had obviously damaged or degraded SiC, and X-ray imaging was able to guide subsequent grinding and polishing to expose the regions of interest for analysis by optical and electron microscopy. Additional particles from each compact were also sectioned and examined to study the overall radiation-induced microstructural changes in the kernel and coating layers.« less

Initial examination of fuel compacts and TRISO particles from the US AGR-2 irradiation test

DOE PAGES

Hunn, John D.; Baldwin, Charles A.; Montgomery, Fred C.; ...

2017-10-21

Post-irradiation examination was completed on two as-irradiated compacts from the US Advanced Gas Reactor Fuel Development and Qualification Program’s second irradiation test. These compacts were selected for examination because there were indications that they may have contained particles that released cesium through a failed or defective SiC layer. The coated particles were recovered from these compacts by electrolytic deconsolidation of the surrounding graphitic matrix in nitric acid. The leach-burn-leach (LBL) process was used to dissolve and analyze exposed metallic elements (actinides and fission products), and each particle was individually surveyed for relative cesium retention with the Irradiated Microsphere Gamma Analyzermore » (IMGA). Data from IMGA and LBL examinations provided information on fission product release during irradiation and whether any specific particles had below-average retention that could be related to coating layer defects or radiation-induced degradation. A few selected normal-retention particles and six with abnormally-low cesium inventory were analyzed using X-ray tomography to produce three-dimensional images of the internal coating structure. Four of the low-cesium particles had obviously damaged or degraded SiC, and X-ray imaging was able to guide subsequent grinding and polishing to expose the regions of interest for analysis by optical and electron microscopy. Additional particles from each compact were also sectioned and examined to study the overall radiation-induced microstructural changes in the kernel and coating layers.« less

Dynamics of Galaxies in Compact Groups II.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amram, P.; Mendes de Oliveira, C.

We show partial results of a program based on Fabry-Perot Hα velocity field data of compact groups taken at the ESO and the CFH 3.6m telescopes in order to analyze the kinematics of compact group galaxies. This project has three main goals: 1. determine the evolutionary stages of the groups; 2. search for tidal dwarf galaxies and 3. determine the Tully-Fisher relation for the group galaxies. We classify the compact groups studied so far into the following subclasses : (1) merging groups, (2) strongly interacting, (3) mildly interacting, (4) kinematically undisturbed and (5) false groups/single galaxy (details are given in the companion paper Mendes de Oliveira and Amram, 2000). We present examples of velocity fields of galaxies in compact groups that are in different evolutionary stages as classified from the kinematic disturbances. Spiral-only groups have often been considered chance alignments or groups in the very early stages of dynamical evolution. However, we find that the kinematics of the member galaxies for spiral-only groups in classes (1), (2) and (3) above display peculiarities which suggest that the galaxies know of the presence of their neighbors.

On the number of light rings in curved spacetimes of ultra-compact objects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hod, Shahar

2018-01-01

In a very interesting paper, Cunha, Berti, and Herdeiro have recently claimed that ultra-compact objects, self-gravitating horizonless solutions of the Einstein field equations which have a light ring, must possess at least two (and, in general, an even number of) light rings, of which the inner one is stable. In the present compact paper we explicitly prove that, while this intriguing theorem is generally true, there is an important exception in the presence of degenerate light rings which, in the spherically symmetric static case, are characterized by the simple dimensionless relation 8 πrγ2 (ρ +pT) = 1 [here rγ is the radius of the light ring and { ρ ,pT } are respectively the energy density and tangential pressure of the matter fields]. Ultra-compact objects which belong to this unique family can have an odd number of light rings. As a concrete example, we show that spherically symmetric constant density stars with dimensionless compactness M / R = 1 / 3 possess only one light ring which, interestingly, is shown to be unstable.

Analysis and simulation of regional subsidence accompanying groundwater abstraction and compaction of susceptible aquifer systems in the USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Galloway, Devin L.; Sneed, Michelle

2013-01-01

Regional aquifer-system compaction and land subsidence accompanying groundwater abstraction in susceptible aquifer systems in the USA is a challenge for managing groundwater resources and mitigating associated hazards. Developments in the assessment of regional subsidence provide more information to constrain analyses and simulation of aquifer-system compaction. Current popular approaches to simulating vertical aquifer-system deformation (compaction), such as those embodied in the aquitard drainage model and the MODFLOW subsidence packages, have proven useful from the perspective of regional groundwater resources assessment. However, these approaches inadequately address related local-scale hazards—ground ruptures and damages to engineered structures on the land surface arising from tensional stresses and strains accompanying groundwater abstraction. This paper presents a brief overview of the general approaches taken by the U.S. Geological Survey toward understanding aquifer-system compaction and subsidence with regard to a) identifying the affected aquifer systems; b) making regional assessments; c) analyzing the governing processes; and d) simulating historical and future groundwater flow and subsidence conditions. Limitations and shortcomings of these approaches, as well as future challenges also are discussed.

Comparing Low-Redshift Compact Dwarf Starbursts in the RESOLVE Survey with High-Redshift Blue Nuggets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palumbo, Michael Louis; Kannappan, Sheila; Snyder, Elaine; Eckert, Kathleen; Norman, Dara; Fraga, Luciano; Quint, Bruno; Amram, Philippe; Mendes de Oliveira, Claudia; RESOLVE Team

2018-01-01

We identify and characterize a population of compact dwarf starburst galaxies in the RESOLVE survey, a volume-limited census of galaxies in the local universe, to probe the possibility that these galaxies are related to “blue nuggets,” a class of intensely star-forming and compact galaxies previously identified at high redshift. Blue nuggets are thought to form as the result of intense compaction events that drive fresh gas to their centers. They are expected to display prolate morphology and rotation along their minor axes. We report IFU observations of three of our compact dwarf starburst galaxies, from which we construct high-resolution velocity fields, examining the evidence for minor axis or otherwise misaligned rotation. We find multiple cases of double nuclei in our sample, which may be indicative of a merger origin as in some blue nugget formation scenarios. We compare the masses, radii, gas-to-stellar mass ratios, star formation rates, stellar surface mass densities, and environmental contexts of our sample to expectations for blue nuggets.

Identification of the fragmentation of brittle particles during compaction process by the acoustic emission technique.

PubMed

Favretto-Cristini, Nathalie; Hégron, Lise; Sornay, Philippe

2016-04-01

Some nuclear fuels are currently manufactured by a powder metallurgy process that consists of three main steps, namely preparation of the powders, powder compaction, and sintering of the compact. An optimum between size, shape and cohesion of the particles of the nuclear fuels must be sought in order to obtain a compact with a sufficient mechanical strength, and to facilitate the release of helium and fission gases during irradiation through pores connected to the outside of the pellet after sintering. Being simple to adapt to nuclear-oriented purposes, the Acoustic Emission (AE) technique is used to control the microstructure of the compact by monitoring the compaction of brittle Uranium Dioxide (UO2) particles of a few hundred micrometers. The objective is to identify in situ the mechanisms that occur during the UO2 compaction, and more specifically the particle fragmentation that is linked to the open porosity of the nuclear matter. Three zones of acoustic activity, strongly related to the applied stress, can be clearly defined from analysis of the continuous signals recorded during the compaction process. They correspond to particle rearrangement and/or fragmentation. The end of the noteworthy fragmentation process is clearly defined as the end of the significant process that increases the compactness of the material. Despite the fact that the wave propagation strongly evolves during the compaction process, the acoustic signature of the fragmentation of a single UO2 particle and a bed of UO2 particles under compaction is well identified. The waveform, with a short rise time and an exponential-like decay of the signal envelope, is the most reliable descriptor. The impact of the particle size and cohesion on the AE activity, and then on the fragmentation domain, is analyzed through the discrete AE signals. The maximum amplitude of the burst signals, as well as the mean stress corresponding to the end of the recorded AE, increase with increasing mean diameter of the particles. Moreover, the maximum burst amplitude increases with increasing particle cohesion. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Relationships between basic soils-engineering equations and basic ground-water flow equations

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jorgensen, Donald G.

1980-01-01

The many varied though related terms developed by ground-water hydrologists and by soils engineers are useful to each discipline, but their differences in terminology hinder the use of related information in interdisciplinary studies. Equations for the Terzaghi theory of consolidation and equations for ground-water flow are identical under specific conditions. A combination of the two sets of equations relates porosity to void ratio and relates the modulus of elasticity to the coefficient of compressibility, coefficient of volume compressibility, compression index, coefficient of consolidation, specific storage, and ultimate compaction. Also, transient ground-water flow is related to coefficient of consolidation, rate of soil compaction, and hydraulic conductivity. Examples show that soils-engineering data and concepts are useful to solution of problems in ground-water hydrology.

Shear-enhanced compaction bands formed at shallow burial conditions; implications for fluid flow (Provence, France)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ballas, Gregory; Soliva, Roger; Sizun, Jean-Pierre; Fossen, Haakon; Benedicto, Antonio; Skurtveit, Elin

2013-02-01

Field observations of highly porous and permeable sandstone in the Orange area (S-E Basin, France) show that networks of shear-enhanced compaction bands can form in a contractional regime at burial depths of about 400 m ± 100 m. These bands show equal compaction and shear displacements, are organized in conjugate and densely distributed networks, and are restricted to the coarse-grained (mean grain diameter of 0.6 ± 0.1 mm) and less porous (porosity of 26 ± 2%) sand layers. The bands are crush microbreccia with limited grain comminution and high grain microfracture density. They show reductions of permeability (mD) ranging from 0 to little more than 1 order of magnitude. They show no control on the alteration products related to meteoric water flow, which suggests that these shear-enhanced compaction bands have no or only negligible influence on subsurface fluid flow. Their selective occurrence and small (20%) reduction in transmissibility in densely populated layers prevented them from compartmentalizing the sandstone reservoirs. A comparison with compaction-band populations in the Navajo and Aztec sandtsones (western U.S.) emphasizes the role of burial depth and the presence of chemical compaction processes for the sealing potential of deformation bands.

A novel tool for the prediction of tablet sticking during high speed compaction.

PubMed

Abdel-Hamid, Sameh; Betz, Gabriele

2012-01-01

During tableting, capping is a problem of cohesion while sticking is a problem of adhesion. Sticking is a multi-composite problem; causes are either material or machine related. Nowadays, detecting such a problem is a pre-requisite in the early stages of development. The aim of our study was to investigate sticking by radial die-wall pressure monitoring guided by compaction simulation. This was done by using the highly sticking drug; Mefenamic acid (MA) at different drug loadings with different fillers compacted at different pressures and speeds. By increasing MA loading, we found that viscoelastic fillers showed high residual radial pressure after compaction while plastic/brittle fillers showed high radial pressure during compaction, p < 0.05. Visually, plastic/brittle fillers showed greater tendencies for adhesion to punches than viscoelastic fillers while the later showed higher tendencies for adhesion to the die-wall. This was confirmed by higher values of axial stress transmission for plastic/brittle than viscoelastic fillers (higher punch surface/powder interaction), and higher residual die-wall and ejection forces for viscoelastic than plastic/brittle fillers, p < 0.05. Take-off force was not a useful tool to estimate sticking due to cohesive failure of the compacts. Radial die-wall pressure monitoring is suggested as a robust tool to predict sticking.

Structure of Clavicle In Relation to Weight Transmission

PubMed Central

Routatal, Rohini V

2015-01-01

Aims and Objectives It is a known fact that weight of upper limb is transmitted to the axial skeleton through clavicle. The present study is an attempt to correlate pattern of compact and trabecular bone of clavicle as a weight transmitting bone. Materials and Methods Sixty clavicles were studied from right and left sides of 30 cadavers donated to the Anatomy department, Pramukhswami Medical College, Karamsad, India. The study was focused on the thickness of compact bone of clavicle and trabecular pattern of this bone. Results Cancellous bone: Cancellous bone near both ends of clavicle presented meshwork of thin bony plates. Between the conoid tubercle and area for attachment of costo-clavicular ligament, cancellous bone showed a definite pattern. Thickness of compact bone The compact bone was thicker between conoid tubercle and area for attachment of costo-clavicular ligament. At midshaft point thickness of compact bone was maximum. Conclusion The structure of clavicle between conoid tubercle and area for costoclavicular ligament showed thick compact bone and definite pattern of cancellous bone. This structure of clavicle between conoid tubercle and area for attachment of costo-clavicular ligament transmits weight from lateral to medial direction and this knowledge of clavicular structure will also be useful to orthopedic surgeons to deal with clavicular fractures and other abnormalities. PMID:26393112

On Critical States, Rupture States and Interlocking Strength of Granular Materials.

PubMed

Szalwinski, Chris M

2017-07-27

The Mohr-Coulomb theory of strength identifies cohesion and internal friction as the two principal contributions to the shear strength of a granular material. The contribution of cohesion in over-compacted granular materials has been challenged and replacing cohesion with interlocking has been proposed. A theory of rupture strength that includes interlocking is derived herein. The physics-chemistry concept of critical state is elaborated to accommodate granular materials, based on empirical definitions established in the fields of soil mechanics and bulk solids' flow. A surface in state space, called the critical compaction surface, separates over-compacted states from lightly compacted states. The intersection of this surface with the Mohr-Coulomb envelope forms the critical state surface for a granular material. The rupture strength of an over-compacted granular material is expressed as the sum of cohesion, internal friction and interlocking strength. Interlocking strength is the shear strength contribution due to over-compaction and vanishes at critical state. The theory allows migrations from one critical state to another. Changes in specific volume during such migrations are related to changes in mean-normal effective stress and uncoupled from changes in shearing strain. The theory is reviewed with respect to two established research programs and underlying assumptions are identified.

General Relativistic Non-radial Oscillations of Compact Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hall, Zack, II; Jaikumar, Prashanth

2017-01-01

Currently, we lack a means of identifying the type of matter at the core of compact stars, but in the future, we may be able to use gravitational wave signals produced by fluid oscillations inside compact stars to discover new phases of dense matter. To this end, we study the fluid perturbations inside compact stars such as Neutron Stars and Strange Quark Stars, focusing on modes that couple to gravitational waves. Using a modern equation of state for quark matter that incorporates interactions at moderately high densities, we implement an efficient computational scheme to solve the oscillation equations in the framework of General Relativity, and determine the complex eigenfrequencies that describe the oscillation and damping of the non-radial fluid modes. We discuss the significance of our results for future detection of these modes through gravitational waves. This work is supported in part by the CSULB Graduate Research Fellowship and by the National Science Foundation NSF PHY-1608959.

Temperature effect on mechanical and tribological characterization of Mg-SiC nanocomposite fabricated by high rate compaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Majzoobi, G. H.; Rahmani, K.; Atrian, A.

2018-01-01

In this paper, dynamic compaction is employed to produce Mg-SiC nanocomposite samples using a mechanical drop hammer. Different volume fractions of SiC nano reinforcement and magnesium (Mg) micron-size powder as the matrix are mechanically milled and consolidated at different temperatures. It is found that with the increase of temperature the sintering requirements is satisfied and higher quality samples are fabricated. The density, hardness, compressive strength and the wear resistance of the compacted specimens are characterized in this work. It was found that by increasing the content of nano reinforcement, the relative density of the compacted samples decreases, whereas, the micro-hardness and the strength of the samples enhance. Furthermore, higher densification temperatures lead to density increase and hardness reduction. Additionally, it is found that the wear rate of the nanocomposite is increased remarkably by increasing the SiC nano reinforcement.

Gravitationally Focused Dark Matter around Compact Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bromley, Benjamin C.

2011-12-01

If dark matter self-annihilates then it may produce an observable signal when its density is high. The details depend on the intrinsic properties of dark matter and how it clusters in space. For example, the density profile of some dark matter candidates may rise steeply enough toward the Galactic Center that self-annihilation may produce detectable γ-ray emission. Here, we discuss the possibility that an annihilation signal arises near a compact object (e.g., neutron star or black hole) even when the density of dark matter in the neighborhood of the object is uniform. Gravitational focusing produces a local enhancement of density with a profile that falls off approximately as the inverse square-root of distance from the compact star. While geometric dilution may overwhelm the annihilation signal from this local enhancement, magnetic fields tied to the compact object can increase the signal's contrast relative to the background.

High-stability compact atomic clock based on isotropic laser cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Esnault, Francois-Xavier; Holleville, David; Rossetto, Nicolas

2010-09-15

We present a compact cold-atom clock configuration where isotropic laser cooling, microwave interrogation, and clock signal detection are successively performed inside a spherical microwave cavity. For ground operation, a typical Ramsey fringe width of 20 Hz has been demonstrated, limited by the atom cloud's free fall in the cavity. The isotropic cooling light's disordered properties provide a large and stable number of cold atoms, leading to a high signal-to-noise ratio limited by atomic shot noise. A relative frequency stability of 2.2x10{sup -13{tau}-1/2} has been achieved, averaged down to 4x10{sup -15} after 5x10{sup 3} s of integration. Development of such amore » high-performance compact clock is of major relevance for on-board applications, such as satellite-positioning systems. As a cesium clock, it opens the door to a new generation of compact primary standards and timekeeping devices.« less

Quasiperiodic Oscillations in X-ray Binaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van der Klis, M.; Murdin, P.

2000-11-01

The term quasiperiodic oscillation (QPO) is used in high-energy astrophysics for any type of non-periodic variability that is constrained to a relatively narrow range of variability frequencies. X-RAY BINARIES are systems in which a `compact object', either a BLACK HOLE or a NEUTRON STAR, orbits a normal star and captures matter from it. The matter spirals down to the compact object and heats up ...

Regenerative Medicine and Restoration of Joint Function

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

identify the parameters that generate anatomically shaped bone substitutes of optimal composition and structure with an articulating profile. 2) to develop...strengths. An in vivo study in rabbits to evaluate these materials are ongoing. Task 2. Optimization of SFF Rolling Compaction Parameters : The work is...ongoing related to optimizing SFF rolling compaction parameters to control the density of green samples. We have used CPP powders for these studies

Nonexistence of stable F-stationary maps of a functional related to pullback metrics.

PubMed

Li, Jing; Liu, Fang; Zhao, Peibiao

2017-01-01

Let [Formula: see text] be a compact convex hypersurface in [Formula: see text]. In this paper, we prove that if the principal curvatures [Formula: see text] of [Formula: see text] satisfy [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], then there exists no nonconstant stable F -stationary map between M and a compact Riemannian manifold when (6) or (7) holds.

Equations relating compacted and uncompacted live crown ratio for common tree species in the South

Treesearch

KaDonna C. Randolph

2010-01-01

Species-specific equations to predict uncompacted crown ratio (UNCR) from compacted live crown ratio (CCR), tree length, and stem diameter were developed for 24 species and 12 genera in the southern United States. Using data from the US Forest Service Forest Inventory and Analysis program, nonlinear regression was used to model UNCR with a logistic function. Model...

Differential compaction mechanism for earth fissures near Casa Grande, Arizona.

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jachens, R.C.; Holzer, T.L.

1982-01-01

Precise gravity measurements indicate that earth fissures or tension cracks caused by ground-water withdrawal within a 10km2 area SE of Casa Grande are associated with relief on the buried interface between the alluvial aquifer and underlying bedrock. These relations suggest that the fissures are forming in response to localized differential compaction caused by localized variations of aquifer-system thickness. -from Authors

Behavioral and Event-Related-Potential Correlates of Processing Congruent and Incongruent Self-Relevant Information

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, Sheri L.

2013-01-01

People want to be viewed by others as they view themselves. Being confronted with self-relevant information that is either congruent or incongruent with one's self-view has been shown to differentially affect subsequent behavior, memory for the information, and evaluation of the source of the information. However, no research has examined…

Differential Utilization of Selected Community Resources by Abused Wives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heintzelman, Carol A.

Wife abuse is a social problem that confronts all sectors of the human services network. It is not known what life factors influence an abused wife's initial choice to leave home and seek help in a shelter agency or to stay home and seek help in a non-shelter agency. This study was conducted to examine the relative importance of various factors…

Race-Class Relations and Integration in Secondary Education: The Case of Miller High. Secondary Education in a Changing World

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eick, Caroline

2010-01-01

Eick explores the history of a comprehensive high school from the world views of its assorted student body, confronting issues of race, ethnicity, class, gender, nationality, and religion. Her case study examines the continuities and differences in student relationships over five decades. While she discusses the "dark side" of the high school…

Gatineau Park: a case study of managing recreation in the wildland-urban interface

Treesearch

Paul Heintzman

2007-01-01

Gatineau Park, a few kilometers from the Parliament Buildings in Ottawa, is a classic example of a park confronted by management issues related to the wildland-urban interface. The park, comprising 36,300 hectares of forested and hilly Canadian Shield terrain stretching 50 kilometres in length, extends into the National Capital region, which has a population of over...

Editorial note to: Brandon Carter, Large number coincidences and the anthropic principle in cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ellis, George F. R.

2011-11-01

This is an editorial note to accompany reprinting as a Golden Oldie in the Journal of General Relativity and Gravitation of the famous paper by Brandon Carter on the anthropic principle in cosmology \\cite{Car74}. This paper was presented at IAU Symposium No. 63, entitled Confrontation of cosmological theories with observational data, in 1973.

Identifying Promising Approaches To U.S. Army Institutional Change: A Review Of The Literature On Organizational Culture And Climate

DTIC Science & Technology

The U.S. Army is confronting a number of challenges. It has relatively well- established organizations and procedures for some challenges, such as... deployments . Some soldiers perceptions that seeking help for stress is a sign of weakness complicate these challenges. Other difficult issues pertain to the workplace, including sexual harassment and assault.

Proceedings of the Annual Nebraska Aviation Education Association Conference (1st, Omaha, Nebraska, January 1994). The UNO Aviation Monograph Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crehan, James E., Ed.

This collection of six papers constitutes the proceedings of the First Annual Conference of the Nebraska Aviation Education Association. These papers present many issues that the discipline of aviation is confronting, including those related to the aviation industry. The papers included are as follows: (1) "Using the DAT for Selection of…

Is It Reasonable to Speak of a Crisis of the Family?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pakhomova, E. I.

2007-01-01

The early 1990s were marked by the onset of a period of lengthy depopulation in Russia. A number of countries confronted a natural decline in population in the 20th century, in particular Germany, Italy, Bulgaria, Hungary, the Czech Republic, and Sweden. What is specific to Russia, however, is that the depopulation relates to both components of…

Feasibility of Establishing a Major Hemispheric Studies Center. Report and Recommendations of the Postsecondary Education Planning Commission: Report 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Postsecondary Education Commission, Tallahassee.

This report contains a study of the feasibility of establishing a major hemispheric studies center affiliated with a consortium of public and private institutions of higher education. The purpose of the Center will be to study hemispheric policies related to social science, commerce, and cultural issues confronting the Western Hemisphere. The…

Variable Solutions to the Same Problem: Aberrant Practice Effects in Object Naming by Three Aphasic Patients

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wingfield, Arthur; Brownell, Hiram; Hoyte, Ken J.

2006-01-01

Although deficits in confrontation naming are a common consequence of damage to the language areas of the left cerebral hemisphere, some patients with aphasia show relatively good naming ability. We measured effects of repeated practice on naming latencies for a set of pictured objects by three aphasic patients with near-normal naming ability and…

The Research of Transformational Education Processes: Exemplary Considerations on the Relation of the Philosophy of Education and Educational Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koller, Hans-Christoph

2011-01-01

Confronted with the choice of "either" insisting on the inevitability of philosophic reflection and thus risking being neglected by research funding and the policy of offering chairs or of giving up on its philosophical orientation and also becoming committed to empirical research, this article suggests a third option for the Philosophy of…

"Students Get Bogged Down": How Religious Israeli Elementary Teachers View Problems and Solutions in Bible Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walfish, Ruth A.; Brody, David L.

2018-01-01

Bible teachers in contemporary society confront serious problems related to the nature of the biblical text and the socio-cultural context of their teaching. This study, based on semi-structured interviews, examines the problems that five expert religious Israeli elementary school teachers encounter in their teaching and the solutions they employ.…

Environmental Degradation: Implications for National Security

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-03-30

national interests, one can readily determine the points of confluencP. When the major security implications have been identified. realistic security...planning can be accomplished effectivelv. The major potential threat of East-West confrontation. characterized by massive conventional and nuclear arsenals...degradation. Economic infrastructures, the relative scarcity of resources, and surging population qrowth can combine to create a world not far removed from

Tearing Down the Gates: Confronting the Class Divide in American Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sacks, Peter

2009-01-01

When Americans talk about access to a college education, they tend to narrow the acceptable boundaries of the conversation. They ask why the cost of college has gotten so out of control compared to the costs of other goods and services, and they sometimes talk about the closely related subject of financial aid. But very rarely do Americans discuss…

High Energy Rainy Day Physical Education for Cheapskates: Rhythmic Newspaper Strips

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walkwitz, Edward

2005-01-01

What to do during physical education when it is raining or the gym is not available is a problem that confronts many physical education teachers. The problem is compounded when teachers do not have the equipment needed to carry out instruction due to budget limitations. A related concern is making sure children with special needs, who attend PE…

Adolescents' Self-Attributed Moral Emotions Following a Moral Transgression: Relations with Delinquency, Confidence in Moral Judgment and Age

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krettenauer, Tobias; Eichler, Dana

2006-01-01

The study investigates adolescents' self-attributed moral emotions following a moral transgression by expanding research with children on the happy-victimizer phenomenon. In a sample of 200 German adolescents from Grades 7, 9, 11, and 13 (M=16.18 years, SD=2.41), participants were confronted with various scenarios describing different moral rule…

Girls With Mental Health Needs in the Juvenile Justice System: Challenges and Inequities Confronting a Vulnerable Population

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quinn, Mary Magee; Poirier, Jeffrey M.; Garfinkel, Lili

2005-01-01

Recent trends show noticeable increases in the involvement of girls in the juvenile justice system. A disproportionately high number of these girls have co-occurring mental health diagnoses that are related in part to their victimization through sexual, physical, and emotional abuse. Many girls also come from unstable families, whereas others are…

The Soviet Union: Yesterday, Today, Tomorrow. A Colloquy of American Long-Timers in Moscow

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-04-01

the Third World in its confrontations with the United States. KOTLER : Much of the discussion that we’ve been having relates to a Phrase that I...Then what do we do? SCOTT: We: had a meeting last week with a guy named Philip Handler. He is the President of the National Academy of Sciences

Negotiating Race-Related Tensions: How White Educational Leaders Recognize, Confront, and Dialogue about Race and Racism

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Samuels, Amy J.

2013-01-01

Despite exposure of educational disparities for students of color, as well as the notion that educational training rarely discusses race and racism, there continues to be a lack of discourse on race, racism, and anti-racism in educational leadership. Subsequently, it is important to challenge deficit thinking and encourage further examination of…

Language Planning Confronted by Everyday Communication in the International University: The Norwegian Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ljosland, Ragnhild

2014-01-01

Having been the scene of language planning for more than a century in relation to the two competing written standards of Norwegian, Norwegian language planners are now facing a new challenge: how to deal with what has been termed "domain loss" where Norwegian is perceived as losing out to English in important sectors of society,…

Comparing Satisfaction, Life-Stress, Coping and Academic Performance of Counselling Students in On-Campus and Distance Education Learning Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Furlonger, Brett; Gencic, Emilia

2014-01-01

Distance education students are confronted with a range of additional challenges as part of their tertiary study experience. A quantitative approach was used to identify the challenges they face, their relative levels of satisfaction, coping strategies, and academic performance. Two hundred and ninety-five students (64 male and 231 female)…

Confronting the Ubiquity of Electronic Communication and Social Media: Ethical and Legal Considerations for Psychoeducational Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demers, Joseph A.; Sullivan, Amanda L.

2016-01-01

Most U.S. children and adults use computers and the Internet on a daily basis. The pervasiveness of electronic communication in a variety of contexts, including home and school, raises ethical and legal concerns for school psychologists and those in related fields of practice, because of the risks to privacy and confidentiality, boundaries,…

ACQUISITION AND RETENTION OF CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION SKILLS THROUGH SELF-CONFRONTATION. FINAL REPORT APR 1965-SEP 1965.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EACHUS, HERBERT T.; KING, PHILIP H.

AN EXPERIMENT TESTED THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO TECHNIQUES FOR TRAINING UNITED STATES AIR FORCE MILITARY ADVISORS IN CROSS CULTURAL COMMUNICATION SKILLS. RETENTION OF SKILLS OVER TIME AND EFFECTS OF ATTITUDE ON LEARNING WERE ALSO STUDIED. SUBJECTS PLAYED THE ROLE OF AN AIR FORCE CAPTAIN INTERACTING WITH A FOREIGN COUNTERPART, PLAYED BY A…

"I'm Not Really Afraid of Osama Bin Laden!" Fear of Terrorism in Dutch Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Muris, Peter; Mayer, Birgit; van Eijk, Sandra; van Dongen, Marit

2008-01-01

We examined to what extent children in The Netherlands are affected by the threat of terrorism. For this purpose, a sample of school children living in Rotterdam or adjacent satellites (N = 216) completed a fear survey that included a number of terrorism-related items, and were confronted with ambiguous vignettes to measure threat-related…

Controversies Connected with Peace Education. What Do They Mean and How Should They Be Dealt With? Peace Education Reports No. 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bjerstedt, Ake

Fifty experts with a special interest in peace education (and representing 22 different countries) were confronted with the following set of questions (as part of individual interviews): "In many countries, questions related to disarmament and peace are highly controversial. Would you anticipate any difficulties, for example with parents or…

The Great Wall of FERPA: Surmounting a Law's Barrier to Assurance of Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lowenstein, Henry

2016-01-01

The article begins with a brief review of the overall cost and learning problem confronted in the United States and the relative cost and learning impacts on the nation, moving then to a demonstration of the impact via results from an undergraduate "Legal Studies in Business" course, a key requirement in virtually every school of…

Women with elevated food addiction symptoms show accelerated reactions, but no impaired inhibitory control, in response to pictures of high-calorie food-cues.

PubMed

Meule, Adrian; Lutz, Annika; Vögele, Claus; Kübler, Andrea

2012-12-01

Addictive behaviors are accompanied by a lack of inhibitory control, specifically when individuals are confronted with substance-related cues. Thus, we expected women with symptoms of food addiction to be impaired in inhibitory control, when confronted with palatable, high-calorie food-cues. Female college students (N=50) were divided in low and high food addiction groups based on the symptom count of the Yale Food Addiction Scale. Participants performed a Go/No-go-task with high-calorie food-cues or neutral pictures presented behind the targets. Self-reported impulsivity was also assessed. The high food addiction group had faster reaction times in response to food-cues as compared to neutral cues and reported higher attentional impulsivity than the low food addiction group. Commission and omission errors did not differ between groups or picture types. Hence, women with food addiction symptoms reported higher attentional impulsivity and reacted faster in response to food-cues, although neither increased self-reported motor impulsivity nor impaired behavioral inhibition was found. Food addiction symptoms seem to be related to attentional aspects of impulsivity but not other facets of impulsivity. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sino-Russian Relations in a Changing World Order

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

and poking the West in the eye .15 Moreover, China had much to gain in a confrontation between Putin and the West that make Russia more dependent on...China in 2018 after the necessary infrastructure is completed. The price of that gas is referred to as a “commercial secret.”22 In a related issue...more-advanced items to India. This has been an irritant to China. China hoped for more licensed production of systems within China and technology

Effect of soil compaction on the degradation and ecotoxicological impact of isoproturon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mamy, L.; Vrignaud, P.; Cheviron, N.; Perreau, F.; Belkacem, M.; Brault, A.; Breuil, S.; Delarue, G.; Touton, I.; Chaplain, V.

2009-04-01

Soil is essentially a non-renewable resource which performs many functions and delivers services vital to human activities and ecosystems survival. However the capacity of soil to keep on fully performing its broad variety of crucial functions is damaged by several threats and, among them, chemical contamination by pesticides and compaction due to intensive agriculture practices. How these two threats could interact is largely unknown: compaction may modify the fate of pesticides in soil therefore their effects on the biological functioning of soil. The aim of this work was to study the effect of soil compaction on (1) the degradation of one herbicide, isoproturon (2) the ecotoxicological impact of this herbicide measured through two enzyme activities involved in C (beta-glucosidase) and N (urease) cycles in soil. Undisturbed soil cylinders were sampled in the 2-4 cm layer of La Cage experimental site (INRA, Versailles, France), under intensive agriculture practices. Several soil samples were prepared with different bulk density then treated with isoproturon (IPU). The samples were incubated at 18 ± 1°C in darkness for 63 days. At 0, 2, 7, 14, 28 and 63 days, the concentrations of isoproturon and of two of its main metabolites in soil (monodesmethyl-isoproturon, IPPMU; didesmethyl-isoproturon, IPPU), and the enzyme activities were measured. The results showed that there was no significant difference in IPU degradation under no and moderate soil compaction. IPU was less persistent in the highly compacted soil, but this soil had also higher humidity which is known to increase the degradation. Only one metabolite, IPPMU, was detected independently of the conditions of compaction. The compaction did not modify the effect of IPU on beta-glucosidase and urease activities in the long term, but microbial communities were probably the same in all the soil samples that were initially not compacted. The communities developed in durably compacted zones in the field are possibly different and modification in enzyme activities might be observed as a result. These first results seem to show that compaction did not modify the degradation and ecotoxicological impact of isoproturon in the soil. However, further studies should be performed using soil samples taken in different zones of compaction in the field, and taking into account the relation between bulk density and soil humidity.

Macroeconomic Issues Confronting the Next President.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Solow, Robert M.

1988-01-01

Identifies economic issues that confronted the United States in the late 1980's and discusses how the president might deal with them. Highlights the following issues: recession, rising price levels, the budget deficit, international trade imbalance, and revival of U.S. long-term growth. (GEA)

The Hegemony Handbook: Exploiting the Space between War and Peace

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-11-01

2015/11/02/china-lassen-destroyer-spratly-islands- south-china-sea-andrew- erickson -naval-war-college-militia-coast-guard-navy-confrontation...china-lassen-destroyer-spratly-islands-south-china-sea-andrew- erickson -naval-war- college-militia-coast-guard-navy-confrontation-territorial-dispute

S/M/Othering

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McClure, Marissa

2014-01-01

Recent scholarship in art education has introduced complex discourses of mothering, m/othering curriculum, (m)others), m(other)work, family structures that confront myths of the nuclear family, non-Western motherhoods, and disability. Feminist artists and activists have long confronted cultural constructions of motherhood and the pregnant,…

Notification: Key Management Challenges Confronting the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

June 9, 2014. The OIG is beginning work to update the fiscal year 2014 list of areas we consider to be the key management challenges confronting the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB).

Confronting Islamophobia in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ramarajan, Dhaya; Runell, Marcella

2007-01-01

The "Religion and Diversity Education" program of the Tanenbaum Center for Interreligious Understanding includes innovative training for elementary and high school educators on addressing religious pluralism in school. This paper highlights the program and its curricula which confront Islamophobia by teaching students concrete skills for living in…

Image Enhancement for Astronomical Scenes

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

address this problem in the context of natural scenes. However, these techniques often misbehave when confronted with low-SNR scenes that are also...scenes. However, these techniques often misbehave when confronted with low-SNR scenes that are also mostly empty space. We compare two classes of

Self-Confrontation of Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmuck, Richard A.

Simply presenting teachers with information about discrepancies between their ideal and their actual classroom performances does not, in itself, lead to constructive change. In part, this is because teachers confronted with such discrepancies experience dissonance which often gives rise to anxiety. This paper discusses the psychological processes…

Comparison of the compact dry TC method with the standard method ISO 21149:2006 for determining aerobic colony counts in cosmetic emulsion.

PubMed

De Vaugelade, S; Aime, M; Farcette, N; Maurel, E; Lacour, T; Thomas, C; Bouchonnet, S; Pirnay, S

2017-02-01

Compact Dry TC, a rapid method kit for determining aerobic colony counts, has been developed by Nissui Pharmaceutical Co. for food application. These plates are pre-sterilized and contain culture medium, a cold-soluble gelling agent and a colour redox indicator for rapid enumeration. In this study, the alternative method is compared with the standard method ISO 21149:2006 - Cosmetic - Microbiology - Enumeration and detection of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, for cosmetic emulsions application. An oil-in-water (o/w) cosmetic emulsion was contaminated with a pool of bacterial strains (Escherichia coli ATCC 8739, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 9027). One millilitre of samples was spread on agar as described in ISO 21149. The colonies were enumerated after 3 days of incubation. At the same time, 1.2 mL samples were spread on Compact Dry TC kits. The kit was incubated at 35°C ± 1°C for 48 h, and the colonies were enumerated. Accuracy determination was carried out using six replicates at four levels of concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 250 CFU mL -1 ). The repeatability study was carried out using 12 replicates at four levels of concentrations (10, 50, 100 and 250 CFU mL -1 ). Variations relative to the analyst and to the batch of emulsion have been investigated. The linear correlation coefficients of Compact Dry TC Kit enumeration with standard method ISO 21149:2006 was 0.9999. In comparison study, no apparent differences were noted between the Compact Dry TC kit and the reference method ISO 21149, for the detection level of aerobic microorganisms. Relative accuracy, repeatability and intermediate precision studies were acceptable. In the repeatability study, the Shapiro-Wilk test has confirmed the normally distribution of the twelve assays. No significant variations in Compact Dry TC count results were observed with different analysts and different batches of emulsion. The results showed that the two compared methods 'Compact Dry TC' vs. 'conventional pour plate' performed equally well. Demonstration was achieved that the Compact Dry TC method may constitute a useful alternative tool for rapid enumeration of aerobic mesophilic bacteria in cosmetic emulsions. © 2016 Society of Cosmetic Scientists and the Société Française de Cosmétologie.

Discrete particle modeling and micromechanical characterization of bilayer tablet compaction.

PubMed

Yohannes, B; Gonzalez, M; Abebe, A; Sprockel, O; Nikfar, F; Kiang, S; Cuitiño, A M

2017-08-30

A mechanistic particle scale model is proposed for bilayer tablet compaction. Making bilayer tablets involves the application of first layer compaction pressure on the first layer powder and a second layer compaction pressure on entire powder bed. The bonding formed between the first layer and the second layer particles is crucial for the mechanical strength of the bilayer tablet. The bonding and the contact forces between particles of the first layer and second layer are affected by the deformation and rearrangement of particles due to the compaction pressures. Our model takes into consideration the elastic and plastic deformations of the first layer particles due to the first layer compaction pressure, in addition to the mechanical and physical properties of the particles. Using this model, bilayer tablets with layers of the same material and different materials, which are commonly used pharmaceutical powders, are tested. The simulations show that the strength of the layer interface becomes weaker than the strength of the two layers as the first layer compaction pressure is increased. The reduction of strength at the layer interface is related to reduction of the first layer surface roughness. The reduced roughness decreases the available bonding area and hence reduces the mechanical strength at the interface. In addition, the simulations show that at higher first layer compaction pressure the bonding area is significantly less than the total contact area at the layer interface. At the interface itself, there is a non-monotonic relationship between the bonding area and first layer force. The bonding area at the interface first increases and then decreases as the first layer pressure is increased. These results are in agreement with findings of previous experimental studies. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Contractional deformation of porous sandstone: Insights from the Aztec Sandstone, SE Nevada, USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fossen, Haakon; Zuluaga, Luisa F.; Ballas, Gregory; Soliva, Roger; Rotevatn, Atle

2015-05-01

Contractional deformation of highly porous sandstones is poorly explored, as compared to extensional deformation of such sedimentary rocks. In this work we explore the highly porous Aztec Sandstone in the footwall to the Muddy Mountain thrust in SE Nevada, which contains several types of deformation bands in the Buffington tectonic window: 1) Distributed centimeter-thick shear-enhanced compaction bands (SECBs) and 2) rare pure compaction bands (PCBs) in the most porous parts of the sandstone, cut by 3) thin cataclastic shear-dominated bands (CSBs) with local slip surfaces. Geometric and kinematic analysis of the SECBs, the PCBs and most of the CSBs shows that they formed during ∼E-W (∼100) shortening, consistent with thrusting related to the Cretaceous to early Paleogene Sevier orogeny of the North American Cordilleran thrust system. Based on stress path modeling, we suggest that the compactional bands (PCBs and SECBs) formed during contraction at relatively shallow burial depths, before or at early stages of emplacement of the Muddy Mountains thrust sheet. The younger cataclastic shear bands (CSBs, category 3), also related to E-W Sevier thrusting, are thinner and show larger shear offsets and thus more intense cataclasis, consistent with the initiation of cataclastic shear bands in somewhat less porous materials. Observations made in this work support earlier suggestions that contraction lead to more distributed band populations than what is commonly found in the extensional regime, and that shear-enhanced compaction bands are widespread only where porosity (and permeability) is high.

The Metallicity Evolution of Blue Compact Dwarf Galaxies from the Intermediate Redshift to the Local Universe

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lian, Jianhui; Hu, Ning; Fang, Guanwen; Ye, Chengyun; Kong, Xu

2016-03-01

We present oxygen abundance measurements for 74 blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies in the redshift range of [0.2, 0.5] using the strong-line method. The spectra of these objects are taken using Hectospec on the Multiple Mirror Telescope. More than half of these BCDs had dust attenuation corrected using the Balmer decrement method. For comparison, we also selected a sample of 2023 local BCDs from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) database. Based on the local and intermediate-z BCD samples, we investigated the cosmic evolution of the metallicity, star formation rate (SFR), and Dn(4000) index. Compared with local BCDs, the intermediate-z BCDs had a systematically higher R23 ratio but a similar O32 ratio. Interestingly, no significant deviation in the mass-metallicity (MZ) relation was found between the intermediate-z and local BCDs. Besides the metallicity, the intermediate-z BCDs also exhibited an SFR distribution that was consistent with local BCDs, suggesting a weak dependence on redshift. The intermediate-z BCDs seemed to be younger than the local BCDs with lower Dn(4000) index values. The insignificant deviation in the mass-metallicity and mass-SFR relations between intermediate-z and local BCDs indicates that the relations between the global parameters of low-mass compact galaxies may be universal. These results from low-mass compact galaxies could be used to place important observational constraints on galaxy formation and evolution models.

Parameters of Institutional Change: Chicano Experience in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santana, Ray; And Others

During the 1960's, the Chicano movement directed considerable attention, energy, and resources toward educational change. The predominant mood was optimism and anticipation of major institutional change; the predominant tactic used was militant confrontation. Countless confrontations occurred and numerous plans and strategies for educational…

Year of the Family.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

California Agriculture, 1994

1994-01-01

This special issue focuses on problems and challenges confronting the California family and on research and extension efforts to provide at least partial answers. Research briefs by staff include "Challenges Confront the California Family" (state trends in poverty, divorce, single-parent families, child abuse, delinquency, teen births,…

Notification: Key Management Challenges Confronting the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board - FY2016

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

January 21, 2016. The EPA OIG is beginning work to update for fiscal year 2016 its list of proposed key management challenges and internal control weaknesses confronting the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB).

28 CFR 552.23 - Confrontation avoidance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... MANAGEMENT CUSTODY Use of Force and Application of Restraints on Inmates § 552.23 Confrontation avoidance... shift Lieutenant), a designated mental health professional, and others shall confer and gather pertinent information about the inmate and the immediate situation. Based on their assessment of that information, they...

28 CFR 552.23 - Confrontation avoidance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... MANAGEMENT CUSTODY Use of Force and Application of Restraints on Inmates § 552.23 Confrontation avoidance... shift Lieutenant), a designated mental health professional, and others shall confer and gather pertinent information about the inmate and the immediate situation. Based on their assessment of that information, they...

28 CFR 552.23 - Confrontation avoidance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MANAGEMENT CUSTODY Use of Force and Application of Restraints on Inmates § 552.23 Confrontation avoidance... shift Lieutenant), a designated mental health professional, and others shall confer and gather pertinent information about the inmate and the immediate situation. Based on their assessment of that information, they...

28 CFR 552.23 - Confrontation avoidance procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MANAGEMENT CUSTODY Use of Force and Application of Restraints on Inmates § 552.23 Confrontation avoidance... shift Lieutenant), a designated mental health professional, and others shall confer and gather pertinent information about the inmate and the immediate situation. Based on their assessment of that information, they...

Self-Confrontation of Teachers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmuck, Richard A.

Simply presenting information that displays clearly any discrepancy between a teacher's ideal and actual classroom performance does not, in itself, promise constructive change. This is true in part because teachers confronted with such discrepancies often experience anxiety. Teachers who wish to change often find it difficult to behave differently…

Quantum dressing orbits on compact groups

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jurčo, Branislav; Šťovíček, Pavel

1993-02-01

The quantum double is shown to imply the dressing transformation on quantum compact groups and the quantum Iwasawa decompositon in the general case. Quantum dressing orbits are described explicitly as *-algebras. The dual coalgebras consisting of differential operators are related to the quantum Weyl elements. Besides, the differential geometry on a quantum leaf allows a remarkably simple construction of irreducible *-representations of the algebras of quantum functions. Representation spaces then consist of analytic functions on classical phase spaces. These representations are also interpreted in the framework of quantization in the spirit of Berezin applied to symplectic leaves on classical compact groups. Convenient “coherent states” are introduced and a correspondence between classical and quantum observables is given.

Micro-structure and Swelling Behaviour of Compacted Clayey Soils: A Quantitative Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferber, Valéry; Auriol, Jean-Claude; David, Jean-Pierre

In this paper, the clay aggregate volume and inter-aggregate volume in compacted clayey soils are quantified, on the basis of simple hypothesis, using only their water content and dry density. Swelling tests on a highly plastic clay are then interpreted by describing the influence of the inter-aggregate volume before swelling on the total volume of samples after swelling. This approach leads to a linear relation between these latter parameters. Based on these results, a description of the evolution of the microstructure due to imbibition can be proposed. Moreover, this approach enables a general quantification of the influence of initial water content and dry density on the swelling behaviour of compacted clayey soils.

Packing extra mass in compact stellar structures: an interplay between Kalb-Ramond field and extra dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chakraborty, Sumanta; SenGupta, Soumitra

2018-05-01

We have derived the Buchdahl's limit for a relativistic star in presence of the Kalb-Ramond field in four as well as in higher dimensions. It turns out that the Buchdahl's limit gets severely affected by the inclusion of the Kalb-Ramond field. In particular, the Kalb-Ramond field in four spacetime dimensions enables one to pack extra mass in any compact stellar structure of a given radius. On the other hand, a completely opposite picture emerges if the Kalb-Ramond field exists in higher dimensions, where the mass content of a compact star is smaller compared to that in general relativity. Implications are discussed.

Compact and mobile high resolution PET brain imager

DOEpatents

Majewski, Stanislaw [Yorktown, VA; Proffitt, James [Newport News, VA

2011-02-08

A brain imager includes a compact ring-like static PET imager mounted in a helmet-like structure. When attached to a patient's head, the helmet-like brain imager maintains the relative head-to-imager geometry fixed through the whole imaging procedure. The brain imaging helmet contains radiation sensors and minimal front-end electronics. A flexible mechanical suspension/harness system supports the weight of the helmet thereby allowing for patient to have limited movements of the head during imaging scans. The compact ring-like PET imager enables very high resolution imaging of neurological brain functions, cancer, and effects of trauma using a rather simple mobile scanner with limited space needs for use and storage.

Development of an open source laboratory information management system for 2-D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics workflow

PubMed Central

Morisawa, Hiraku; Hirota, Mikako; Toda, Tosifusa

2006-01-01

Background In the post-genome era, most research scientists working in the field of proteomics are confronted with difficulties in management of large volumes of data, which they are required to keep in formats suitable for subsequent data mining. Therefore, a well-developed open source laboratory information management system (LIMS) should be available for their proteomics research studies. Results We developed an open source LIMS appropriately customized for 2-D gel electrophoresis-based proteomics workflow. The main features of its design are compactness, flexibility and connectivity to public databases. It supports the handling of data imported from mass spectrometry software and 2-D gel image analysis software. The LIMS is equipped with the same input interface for 2-D gel information as a clickable map on public 2DPAGE databases. The LIMS allows researchers to follow their own experimental procedures by reviewing the illustrations of 2-D gel maps and well layouts on the digestion plates and MS sample plates. Conclusion Our new open source LIMS is now available as a basic model for proteome informatics, and is accessible for further improvement. We hope that many research scientists working in the field of proteomics will evaluate our LIMS and suggest ways in which it can be improved. PMID:17018156

Cell-populated collagen lattice contraction model for the investigation of fibroblast collagen interactions.

PubMed

Ehrlich, H Paul; Moyer, Kurtis E

2013-01-01

The fibroblast-populated collagen lattice (FPCL) was intended to act as the dermal component for "skin-equivalent" or artificial skin developed for skin grafting burn patients. The "skin-equivalent" was clinically unsuccessful as a skin graft, but today it is successfully used as a dressing for the management of chronic wounds. The FPCL has, however, become an instrument for investigating cell-connective tissue interactions within a three-dimensional matrix. Through the capacity of cell compaction of collagen fibrils, the FPCL undergoes a reduction in volume referred to as lattice contraction. Lattice contraction proceeds by cell-generated forces that reduce the water mass between collagen fibers, generating a closer relationship between collagen fibers. The compaction of collagen fibers is responsible for the reduction in the FPCL volume. Cell-generated forces through the linkage of collagen fibers with fibroblast's cytoskeletal actin-rich microfilament structures are responsible for the completion of the collagen matrix compaction. The type of culture dish used to cast FPCL as well as the cell number will dictate the mechanism for compacting collagen matrices. Fibroblasts, at moderate density, cast as an FPCL within a petri dish and released from the surface of the dish soon after casting compact collagen fibers through cell tractional forces. Fibroblasts at moderate density cast as an FPCL within a tissue culture dish and not released for 4 days upon release show rapid lattice contraction through a mechanism of cell contraction forces. Fibroblasts at high density cast in an FPCL within a petri dish, released from the surface of the dish soon after casting, compact a collagen lattice very rapidly through forces related to cell elongation. The advantage of the FPCL contraction model is the study of cells in the three-dimensional environment, which is similar to the environment from which these cells were isolated. In this chapter methods are described for manufacturing collagen lattices, which assess the three forces involved in compacting and/or organizing collagen fibrils into thicker collagen fibers. The clinical relevance of the FPCL contraction model is related to advancing our understanding of wound contraction and scar contracture.

Exploring mechanisms of compaction in salt-marsh sediments using Common Era relative sea-level reconstructions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brain, Matthew J.; Kemp, Andrew C.; Hawkes, Andrea D.; Engelhart, Simon E.; Vane, Christopher H.; Cahill, Niamh; Hill, Troy D.; Donnelly, Jeffrey P.; Horton, Benjamin P.

2017-07-01

Salt-marsh sediments provide precise and near-continuous reconstructions of Common Era relative sea level (RSL). However, organic and low-density salt-marsh sediments are prone to compaction processes that cause post-depositional distortion of the stratigraphic column used to reconstruct RSL. We compared two RSL reconstructions from East River Marsh (Connecticut, USA) to assess the contribution of mechanical compression and biodegradation to compaction of salt-marsh sediments and their subsequent influence on RSL reconstructions. The first, existing reconstruction ('trench') was produced from a continuous sequence of basal salt-marsh sediment and is unaffected by compaction. The second, new reconstruction is from a compaction-susceptible core taken at the same location. We highlight that sediment compaction is the only feasible mechanism for explaining the observed differences in RSL reconstructed from the trench and core. Both reconstructions display long-term RSL rise of ∼1 mm/yr, followed by a ∼19th Century acceleration to ∼3 mm/yr. A statistically-significant difference between the records at ∼1100 to 1800 CE could not be explained by a compression-only geotechnical model. We suggest that the warmer and drier conditions of the Medieval Climate Anomaly (MCA) resulted in an increase in sediment compressibility during this time period. We adapted the geotechnical model by reducing the compressive strength of MCA sediments to simulate this softening of sediments. 'Decompaction' of the core reconstruction with this modified model accounted for the difference between the two RSL reconstructions. Our results demonstrate that compression-only geotechnical models may be inadequate for estimating compaction and post-depositional lowering of susceptible organic salt-marsh sediments in some settings. This has important implications for our understanding of the drivers of sea-level change. Further, our results suggest that future climate changes may make salt marshes more susceptible to the impacts of RSL rise by enhancing sediment compressibility. We stress, however, that the cause of the softening remains enigmatic. Until this is better constrained, it is premature to widely extrapolate our findings to existing core-based reconstructions of Holocene RSL.

LLWnotes - Volume 11, Number 3

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1996-04-01

This document is the April 1996 issue of LLWnotes. It contains articles and news items on the following topics: news items related to states and compacts, Low-Level Radioactive Waste (LLW) Forum activities, and court rulings and calendars. State and compact items featured include Texas licensing procedures, renewal of Envirocare`s license, and Ward Valley. Massachusetts Board suspension of some siting tasks and Massachusetts Court rules for US DOE regarding rebates are also reported.

Protocol for Cohesionless Sample Preparation for Physical Experimentation

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-05-01

protocol for specimen preparation that will enable the use of soil strength curves based on expedient field classification testing (e.g., grain-size...void ratio and relative compaction, which compares field compaction to a laboratory maximum density. Gradation charts for the two materials used in...the failure stress. Ring shear testing was performed using the GCTS Residual-Ring Shear System SRS-150 in order to measure the peak torsional

Can high fields save the tokamak? The challenge of steady-state operation for low cost compact reactors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freidberg, Jeffrey; Dogra, Akshunna; Redman, William; Cerfon, Antoine

2016-10-01

The development of high field, high temperature superconductors is thought to be a game changer for the development of fusion power based on the tokamak concept. We test the validity of this assertion for pilot plant scale reactors (Q 10) for two different but related missions: pulsed operation and steady-state operation. Specifically, we derive a set of analytic criteria that determines the basic design parameters of a given fusion reactor mission. As expected there are far more constraints than degrees of freedom in any given design application. However, by defining the mission of the reactor under consideration, we have been able to determine the subset of constraints that drive the design, and calculate the values for the key parameters characterizing the tokamak. Our conclusions are as follows: 1) for pulsed reactors, high field leads to more compact designs and thus cheaper reactors - high B is the way to go; 2) steady-state reactors with H-mode like transport are large, even with high fields. The steady-state constraint is hard to satisfy in compact designs - high B helps but is not enough; 3) I-mode like transport, when combined with high fields, yields relatively compact steady-state reactors - why is there not more research on this favorable transport regime?

Linearization instability for generic gravity in AdS spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Altas, Emel; Tekin, Bayram

2018-01-01

In general relativity, perturbation theory about a background solution fails if the background spacetime has a Killing symmetry and a compact spacelike Cauchy surface. This failure, dubbed as linearization instability, shows itself as non-integrability of the perturbative infinitesimal deformation to a finite deformation of the background. Namely, the linearized field equations have spurious solutions which cannot be obtained from the linearization of exact solutions. In practice, one can show the failure of the linear perturbation theory by showing that a certain quadratic (integral) constraint on the linearized solutions is not satisfied. For non-compact Cauchy surfaces, the situation is different and for example, Minkowski space having a non-compact Cauchy surface, is linearization stable. Here we study, the linearization instability in generic metric theories of gravity where Einstein's theory is modified with additional curvature terms. We show that, unlike the case of general relativity, for modified theories even in the non-compact Cauchy surface cases, there are some theories which show linearization instability about their anti-de Sitter backgrounds. Recent D dimensional critical and three dimensional chiral gravity theories are two such examples. This observation sheds light on the paradoxical behavior of vanishing conserved charges (mass, angular momenta) for non-vacuum solutions, such as black holes, in these theories.

Problems Confronting the Higher Education Assistance Foundation. Hearing on Examining the Financial Difficulties Confronting the Higher Education Assistance Foundation and the Impact That Situation Has on the Guaranteed Student Loan Programs of the Department of Education before the Subcommittee on Education, Arts, and Humanities of the Committee on Labor and Human Resources. United States Senate, One Hundred First Congress, Second Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Subcommittee on Education, Arts and Humanities.

This document reports oral testimony and prepared statements of persons who testified at hearings on the financial difficulties confronting the Higher Education Assistance Foundation (HEAF) and the impact that situation has on the Stafford Student Loan Program of the Department of Education. Witnesses included: Lauro F. Cavazos, U.S. Department of…

Nursing and conflict communication: avoidance as preferred strategy.

PubMed

Mahon, Margaret M; Nicotera, Anne M

2011-01-01

An exploratory study was conducted to examine nurses' (n = 57) selection of strategies to confront conflict in the workplace. Communication competence is the conceptual framework, defining competent conflict communication as joint problem-solving communication that is both effective and appropriate. Items were drawn from tools assessing nurses' conflict management strategies. Nurses reported a strong preference not to confront conflict directly; nurse managers were less likely to avoid direct communication. Nurses who do choose to confront conflict are more likely to use constructive than destructive strategies. The integration of the social science of health communication into nursing education and practice and other implications are discussed.

Let's not, and say we would: imagined and actual responses to witnessing homophobia.

PubMed

Crosby, Jennifer Randall; Wilson, Johannes

2015-01-01

We compared imagined versus actual affective and behavioral responses to witnessing a homophobic slur. Participants (N = 72) witnessed a confederate using a homophobic slur, imagined the same scenario, or were not exposed to the slur. Those who imagined hearing the slur reported significantly higher levels of negative affect than those who actually witnessed the slur, and nearly one half of them reported that they would confront the slur, whereas no participants who actually heard the slur confronted it. These findings reveal a discrepancy between imagined and real responses to homophobic remarks, and they have implications for the likelihood that heterosexuals will actually confront homophobic remarks.

The Next Generation in Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction Modeling within the MODFLOW Software Family: A New Package for MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW-OWHM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boyce, S. E.; Leake, S. A.; Hanson, R. T.; Galloway, D. L.

2015-12-01

The Subsidence and Aquifer-System Compaction Packages, SUB and SUB-WT, for MODFLOW are two currently supported subsidence packages within the MODFLOW family of software. The SUB package allows the calculation of instantaneous and delayed releases of water from distributed interbeds (relatively more compressible fine-grained sediments) within a saturated aquifer system or discrete confining beds. The SUB-WT package does not include delayed releases, but does perform a more rigorous calculation of vertical stresses that can vary the effective stress that causes compaction. This calculation of instantaneous compaction can include the effect of water-table fluctuations for unconfined aquifers on effective stress, and can optionally adjust the elastic and inelastic storage properties based on the changes in effective stress. The next generation of subsidence modeling in MODFLOW is under development, and will merge and enhance the capabilities of the SUB and SUB-WT Packages for MODFLOW-2005 and MODFLOW-OWHM. This new version will also provide some additional features such as stress dependent vertical hydraulic conductivity of interbeds, time-varying geostatic loads, and additional attributes related to aquifer-system compaction and subsidence that will broaden the class of problems that can be simulated. The new version will include a redesigned source code, a new user friendly input file structure, more output options, and new subsidence solution options. This presentation will discuss progress in developing the new package and the new features being implemented and their potential applications. By Stanley Leake, Scott E. Boyce, Randall T. Hanson, and Devin Galloway

Confronting Bias through Teaching: Insights from Social Psychology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crittle, Chelsea; Maddox, Keith B.

2017-01-01

Research in social psychology has the potential to address real-world issues involving racial stereotyping, prejudice, and discrimination. Literature on confrontation suggests that addressing racism can be seen as a persuasive act that will allow for more effective interpersonal interactions. In this article, we explore the persuasive…

Disclosure of Traumas and Immune Function: Health Implications for Psychotherapy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennebaker, James W.; And Others

1988-01-01

Assigned 50 healthy undergraduates the task of writing about either traumatic experiences or superficial topics for four consecutive days. Examination of cellular-immune system function and health center visits suggests that confronting traumatic experiences was physically beneficial. Discusses implications of such active confrontation of…

Confronting Stereotypes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buswell, Carol

2011-01-01

People confront stereotypes every day, both in and out of the classroom. Some ideas have been carried in the collective memory and classroom textbooks for so long they are generally recognized as fact. Many are constantly being reinforced by personal experiences, family discussions, and Hollywood productions as well. The distinct advantage to…

The Middle East Revisited.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caradon, Hugh

1982-01-01

Some factors are common to the confrontation of Cypriot Greeks and Turks and the confrontation of Palestinians and Israelis. An independent international initiative is necessary to solve these disputes. If the Europeans revive their Venice initiative at the United Nations, the Palestinians and Israelis will obtain peace and security. (AM)

Facilitating Personality Change with Audiovisual Self-confrontation and Interviews.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alker, Henry A.; And Others

Two studies are reported, each of which achieves personality change with both audiovisual self-confrontation (AVSC) and supportive, nondirective interviews. The first study used Ericksonian identity achievement as a dependent variable. Sixty-one male subjects were measured using Anne Constantinople's inventory. The results of this study…

Widening Participation: Challenges Confronting a Research-Intensive University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cuthill, Michael; Schmidt, Christopher

2011-01-01

This article explores the challenges confronting a research-intensive Australian university in responding to the "widening participation" agenda outlined in the recent "Review of Higher Education". The university argued that it is not possible to respond effectively to this agenda without having a clear understanding of the…

Richness of compact radio sources in NGC 6334D to F

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Medina, S.-N. X.; Dzib, S. A.; Tapia, M.; Rodríguez, L. F.; Loinard, L.

2018-02-01

Context. The presence and properties of compact radio sources embedded in massive star forming regions can reveal important physical properties about these regions and the processes occurring within them. The NGC 6334 complex, a massive star forming region, has been studied extensively. Nevertheless, none of these studies has focused in its content in compact radio sources. Aims: Our goal here is to report on a systematic census of the compact radio sources toward NGC 6334, and their characteristics. This will be used to attempt to define their very nature. Methods: We used the VLA C band (4-8 GHz) archive data with 0.̋36 (500 AU) of spatial resolution and noise level of 50 μJy bm‑1 to carry out a systematic search for compact radio sources within NGC 6334. We also searched for infrared counterparts to provide some constraints on the nature of the detected radio sources. Results: A total of 83 compact sources and three slightly resolved sources were detected. Most of them are here reported for the first time. We found that 29 of these 86 sources have infrared counterparts and three are highly variable. Region D contains 18 of these sources. The compact source toward the center, in projection, of region E is also detected. Conclusions: From statistical analyses, we suggest that the 83 reported compact sources are real and most of them are related to NGC 6334 itself. A stellar nature for 27 of them is confirmed by their IR emission. Compared with Orion, region D suffers a deficit of compact radio sources. The infrared nebulosities around two of the slightly resolved sources are suggested to be warm dust, and we argue that the associated radio sources trace free-free emission from ionized material. We confirm the thermal radio emission of the compact source in region E. However, its detection at infrared wavelengths implies that it is located in the foreground of the molecular cloud. Finally, three strongly variable sources are suggested to be magnetically active young stars.

SOLAR SYSTEM MOONS AS ANALOGS FOR COMPACT EXOPLANETARY SYSTEMS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kane, Stephen R.; Hinkel, Natalie R.; Raymond, Sean N., E-mail: skane@ipac.caltech.edu

2013-11-01

The field of exoplanetary science has experienced a recent surge of new systems that is largely due to the precision photometry provided by the Kepler mission. The latest discoveries have included compact planetary systems in which the orbits of the planets all lie relatively close to the host star, which presents interesting challenges in terms of formation and dynamical evolution. The compact exoplanetary systems are analogous to the moons orbiting the giant planets in our solar system, in terms of their relative sizes and semimajor axes. We present a study that quantifies the scaled sizes and separations of the solarmore » system moons with respect to their hosts. We perform a similar study for a large sample of confirmed Kepler planets in multi-planet systems. We show that a comparison between the two samples leads to a similar correlation between their scaled sizes and separation distributions. The different gradients of the correlations may be indicative of differences in the formation and/or long-term dynamics of moon and planetary systems.« less

Load apparatus and method for bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen

DOEpatents

Buescher, B.J. Jr.; Lloyd, W.R.; Ward, M.B.; Epstein, J.S.

1997-02-04

A bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen load apparatus includes: (a) a body having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the first end comprising an externally threaded portion sized to be threadedly received within the test specimen threaded opening; (b) a longitudinal loading rod having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the loading rod being slidably received in a longitudinal direction within the body internally through the externally threaded portion and slidably extending longitudinally outward of the body first longitudinal end; (c) a force sensitive transducer slidably received within the body and positioned to engage relative to the loading rod second longitudinal end; and (d) a loading bolt threadedly received relative to the body, the loading bolt having a bearing end surface and being positioned to bear against the transducer to forcibly sandwich the transducer between the loading bolt and loading rod. Also disclosed is a method of in situ determining applied force during crack propagation in a bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen. 6 figs.

Load apparatus and method for bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen

DOEpatents

Buescher, Jr., Brent J.; Lloyd, W. Randolph; Ward, Michael B.; Epstein, Jonathan S.

1997-01-01

A bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen load apparatus includes: a) a body having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the first end comprising an externally threaded portion sized to be threadedly received within the test specimen threaded opening; b) a longitudinal loading rod having first and second opposing longitudinal ends, the loading rod being slidably received in a longitudinal direction within the body internally through the externally threaded portion and slidably extending longitudinally outward of the body first longitudinal end; c) a force sensitive transducer slidably received within the body and positioned to engage relative to the loading rod second longitudinal end; and d) a loading bolt threadedly received relative to the body, the loading bolt having a bearing end surface and being positioned to bear against the transducer to forcibly sandwich the transducer between the loading bolt and loading rod. Also disclosed is a method of in situ determining applied force during crack propagation in a bolt-loaded compact tension test specimen.

Multitemperature compaction model of a magma melt in the asthenosphere: A numerical approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pak, V. V.

2007-09-01

A numerical compaction model of a fluid in a viscous skeleton is developed with regard for a phase transition. The temperatures of phases are different. The solution is found by the method of asymptotic expansion relative to the incompressible variant, which removes a number of computational problems related to the weak compressibility of the skeleton. For each approximation, the problem is solved by the finite element method. The process of 2-D compaction of a magmatic melt in the asthenosphere under a fault zone is examined for one-and two-temperature cases. The magmatic flow concentrates in this region due to a lower pore pressure. Higher temperature magma entering from lower levels causes a local heating of the skeleton and intense melting of its fusible component. In the two-temperature model, a magma concentration anomaly develops under the fault zone. The fundamental limitations substantially complicating the corresponding calculations within the framework of a one-temperature model are pointed out and the necessity of applying a multitemperature variant is substantiated.

Death anxiety and visual oculomotor processing of arousing stimuli in a free view setting.

PubMed

Wendelberg, Linda; Volden, Frode; Yildirim-Yayilgan, Sule

2017-04-01

The main goal of this study was to determine how death anxiety (DA) affects visual processing when confronted with arousing stimuli. A total of 26 males and females were primed with either DA or a neutral primer and were given a free view/free choice task where eye movement was measured using an eye tracker. The goal was to identify measurable/observable indicators of whether the subjects were under the influence of DA during the free view. We conducted an eye tracking study because this is an area where we believe it is possible to find observable indicators. Ultimately, we observed some changes in the visual behavior, such as a prolonged average latency, altered sensitivity to the repetition of stimuli, longer fixations, less time in saccadic activity, and fewer classifications related to focal and ambient processing, which appear to occur under the influence of DA when the subjects are confronted with arousing stimuli. © 2017 Scandinavian Psychological Associations and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Do poor people sue doctors more frequently? Confronting unconscious bias and the role of cultural competency.

PubMed

McClellan, Frank M; White, Augustus A; Jimenez, Ramon L; Fahmy, Sherin

2012-05-01

There is a perception that socioeconomically disadvantaged patients tend to sue their doctors more frequently. As a result, some physicians may be reluctant to treat poor patients or treat such patients differently from other patient groups in terms of medical care provided. We (1) examined existing literature to refute the notion that poor patients are inclined to sue doctors more than other patients, (2) explored unconscious bias as an explanation as to why the perception of the poor being more litigious may exist despite evidence to the contrary, and (3) assessed the role of culturally competent awareness and knowledge in confronting physician bias. We reviewed medical and social literature to identify studies that have examined differences in litigation rates and related medical malpractice claims among socioeconomically disadvantaged patients versus other groups of patients. Contrary to popular perception, existing studies show poor patients, in fact, tend to sue physicians less often. This may be related to a relative lack of access to legal resources and the nature of the contingency fee system in medical malpractice claims. Misperceptions such as the one examined in this article that assume a relationship between patient poverty and medical malpractice litigation may arise from unconscious physician bias and other social variables. Cultural competency can be helpful in mitigating such bias, improving medical care, and addressing the risk of medical malpractice claims.

Negotiating Separateness and Accommodation: An Informed Reconsideration of Multiculturalism

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

grown al Qaeda-affiliated terrorists, spiked alarm in the United Kingdom.5 A less catastrophic, but equally worrisome concern relates to the...new means for the Amish to build consensus, select representatives, and confront authority in a unitary fashion. Equally noteworthy, it was the...significant problem for large Amish families who do not have enough land to sub-divide to support subsequent, and equally large, generations

A Prime Assessment for Black Colleges: Role of Blacks in the Sciences and Related Fields.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Branson, Herman

1978-01-01

This article examines the need for blacks in science and engineering. From a review of the history of blacks as objects of scientific study from the 1790s to the present a better grasp of the problems confronting blacks can be gained by examining two fields: genetics and psychology. In genetic research on blacks, the results are used not by…

Israel and an Emerging World Order

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

Tayyip Erdogan to apologize for Israel’s role in the 2010 Mavi Marmara incident. This incident—which resulted in the death of nine Turkish citizens...Israeli relations, particularly Turkey’s relationship with Hamas. Prime Minister Erdogan 56 Oktav, “Regionalism,” 84–85; Efraim Inbar, “Israeli...Minister Erdogan publicly confronted Israeli President Peres about the Gaza offensive and accused him of crimes against humanity.61 Turkish-Israeli

Confronting the Ghost of Stalin: Euro-Atlantic Efforts to Secure Georgia

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-12-01

power. In evaluating the causes and results of international regimes, Stephen Krasner listed power and self-interest among values and principles as... internal processes of these larger democracies. Through transnational and transgovernmental coalitions, as well as emphasis on shared community values ...Force Academy, 1993 M.S. in International Relations, Troy State University, 2005 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the

Confronting Challenges at the Intersection of Rurality, Place, and Teacher Preparation: Improving Efforts in Teacher Education to Staff Rural Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Azano, Amy Price; Stewart, Trevor Thomas

2016-01-01

Recruiting and retaining highly qualified teachers in rural schools is a persistent struggle in many countries, including the U.S. Salient challenges related to poverty, geographic isolation, low teacher salaries, and a lack of community amenities seem to trump perks of living in rural communities. Recognizing this issue as a complex and hard to…

What Are the Issues That Confront High-Risk Families: How Can Organizations Such as ERIC and the National Parent Information Network Help?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robertson, Anne S.

Using a story told by a home visitor in a family literacy program for at-risk families, this paper illustrates issues related to building trust within among parents and the community, deciding on eligibility for services, accessing community resources, and building and maintaining strong relationships with clients. Maintaining that such stories…

Cosmopolitanism in Relation to the Self and the Other: From Michel Foucault to Stanley Cavell

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smeyers, Paul; Waghid, Yusef

2010-01-01

Educators, not to mention philosophers of education, find themselves in a difficult position nowadays. They are confronted with problems such as which kind of values one would want citizens to embrace, or to what extent social practices of a particular group may differ from what is generally held. In this essay, Paul Smeyers and Yusef Waghid focus…

Crusade of the Credulous: A Collection of Articles about Contemporary Creationism and the Effects of That Movement on Public Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennetta, William J.

Perspectives on contemporary creationism are offered and the effects of that movement on public education are examined in this collection of articles. Six papers address concerns related to: (1) the detrimental impact of creationism on the teaching of science and on the understanding of the natural sciences; (2) efforts in confronting creation…

Counterinsurgency in Pakistan

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

between two or more states in open confrontation. 9 Roger Trinquier, Modern Warfare: A French View of Counterinsurgency, Westport, Conn.: Praeger...C. Christine Fair, The Cuisines of the Axis of Evil and Other Irritating States, Guilford, Conn.: Globe Pequot Press, 2008; See U.S. Depart- ment...14, 2007. ———, The Cuisines of the Axis of Evil and Other Irritating States: A Dinner Party Approach to International Relations, Guilford, Conn

Taking Guns to a Knife Fight: Effective Military Support to COIN

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-31

generating superior “relative combat power” at decisive times and places in order to destroy, disrupt and dislocate the enemies they confront. Under...employ forces capable of striking targets of opportunity decisively with minimal collateral damage. When government counterinsurgency efforts are...The COIN force must seize such opportunities decisively . However, applying firepower with the precision needed to avoid non-combatant casualties is

Colloidal isopressing: A new shaping method for ceramic suspensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Benjamin Christopher

Colloidal Isopressing is a new processing method for shaping compacts from particulate suspensions. The study of interparticle interactions within a suspension, and their effect on the overall slurry behavior, has led to the prior discovery of a plastic-to-brittle transition in powder compacts formed by pressure filtration. Colloidal Isopressing utilizes this pressure dependent behavior for slurries with a short-range repulsive potential to rapidly transform plastic consolidated bodies into more complex shapes. The first results are presented for aqueous alumina suspensions where electrostatic double layer repulsion is compressed to short interparticle separations by the addition of ammonium chloride. Consolidation at low pressures produces a high relative density slurry that is plastic and can be extruded into a rubber mold. The application of an hydrostatic pressure forces a small amount of liquid into a porous portion of the mold and pushes particles together into a rigid network. As the pressure is released, the newly formed powder compact will partially separate from the lower modulus rubber mold. The body can then be ejected from the mold, dried, and densified to produce the final ceramic component. Colloidal Isopressing has been successfully modeled as a special case of consolidation via pressure filtration. Theoretical analyses have accurately predicted the time required for the rapid transformation from plastic slurry to elastic powder compact. The effects of slurry composition on processing were studied. The electrolyte concentration, powder particle size, slurry pH, and polymer concentration were shown to alter the flow behavior of filter pressed and liquefied compacts. As the free volume of liquid decreased and/or the relative attraction between particles increased, the concentrated slurry became more difficult to process. Finally, drying of compacts formed by Colloidal Isopressing did not result in any shrinkage during drying, thus allowing for very rapid heating rates to be used. In fact, the drying, burnout, and densification could be combined into one step, with final densities approaching the theoretical limit.

Sediment Compaction Estimates in The Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta Using Changes in Ground Water Velocity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eisenrich, R.

2016-12-01

The combination of the Ganges, Brahmaputra, and Meghna Rivers has created the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta (GBD), which comprises most of Bangladesh. These rivers drain into the Bay of Bengal and carry two thousand tons of alluvial sediment each year, which are responsible for the accumulation of land in Bangladesh. As new layers of sediment are deposited the underlying layers begin to compress under the overlaying weight resulting in land subsidence, which can cause salt-water intrusion, structural destabilization, and an increased vulnerability to flooding. Subsidence is an important concern for much of Bangladesh because 6,000 km² of the GBD is positioned 2 m above sea level and 2,000 km² of the delta is located completely below sea level. During the monsoon season much of the countries ground water is within one meter of the surface. Therefore in this study we use changes in ground water velocity as a proxy for sediment compaction. We utilize a 10-year record of ground and surface water levels from >1200 gages and wells in Bangladesh to calculate the change in ground water velocities in Khulna and the Sylhet basin. Changes in ground water velocity are related to the relative sediment compaction of the study areas using the equation for ground water velocity, v=k/n (dh/dl) where v is velocity, k is hydraulic conductivity, n is porosity and dh/dl is the change in hydraulic head. We use the difference in hydraulic conductivity, which has a large variation with grain size and pore space of the rock/sediment, to calculate changes in sediment compaction over the ten-year period. We validate this approach using laboratory measurements of hydraulic conductivity in a Darcy tube in which compaction of the subject material is varied. Results from this experiment are also compared to in situ measurements of sediment compaction from optical fiber strain meters emplaced in the study areas.

Vibrated and self-compacting fibre reinforced concrete: experimental investigation on the fibre orientation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Conforti, A.; Plizzari, G. A.; Zerbino, R.

2017-09-01

In addition to the fibre type and content, the residual properties of fibre reinforced concrete are influenced by fibre orientation. Consequently, the performance fibre reinforced concrete can be affected by its fresh properties (workability, flowing capacity) and by casting and compaction processes adopted. This paper focuses on the study of the orientation of steel or macro-synthetic fibres in two materials characterized by very different fresh properties: vibrated and self-compacting concrete. Four rectangular slabs 1800 mm long, 925 mm wide and 100 mm high were produced changing concrete and fibre type. From each slab, eighteen small prisms (550 mm long) were firstly cut either orthogonal or parallel to casting direction and, secondly, notched and tested in bending according to EN 14651. Experimental results showed that the toughness properties of a thin slab significantly varies both in vibrated and self-compacting concrete, even if in case of self-compacting concrete this variation resulted higher. Steel fibres led to greater variability of results compared to polymer one, underlining a different fibre orientation. A discussion on the relative residual capacity measured on the prisms sawn from the slabs and the parameters obtained from standard specimens is performed.

Improved compaction of ZnO nano-powder triggered by the presence of acetate and its effect on sintering.

PubMed

Dargatz, Benjamin; Gonzalez-Julian, Jesus; Guillon, Olivier

2015-04-01

The retention of nanocrystallinity in dense ceramic materials is still a challenge, even with the application of external pressure during sintering. The compaction behavior of high purity and acetate enriched zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-powders was investigated. It was found that acetate in combination with water plays a key role during the compaction into green bodies at moderate temperatures. Application of constant pressure resulted in a homogeneous green body with superior packing density (86% of theoretical value) at moderate temperature (85 °C) in the presence of water. In contrast, no improvement in density could be achieved if pure ZnO powder was used. This compaction behavior offers superior packing of the particles, resulting in a high relative density of the consolidated compact with negligible coarsening. Dissolution accompanying creep diffusion based matter transport is suggested to strongly support reorientation of ZnO particles towards densities beyond the theoretical limit for packing of ideal monosized spheres. Finally, the sintering trajectory reveals that grain growth is retarded compared to conventional processing up to 90% of theoretical density. Moreover, nearly no radial shrinkage was observed after sinter-forging for bodies performed with this advanced processing method.

Simulations and Experiments of Dynamic Granular Compaction in Non-ideal Geometries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Homel, Michael; Herbold, Eric; Lind, John; Crum, Ryan; Hurley, Ryan; Akin, Minta; Pagan, Darren; LLNL Team

2017-06-01

Accurately describing the dynamic compaction of granular materials is a persistent challenge in computational mechanics. Using a synchrotron x-ray source we have obtained detailed imaging of the evolving compaction front in synthetic olivine powder impacted at 300 - 600 m / s . To facilitate imaging, a non-traditional sample geometry is used, producing multiple load paths within the sample. We demonstrate that (i) commonly used models for porous compaction may produce inaccurate results for complex loading, even if the 1 - D , uniaxial-strain compaction response is reasonable, and (ii) the experimental results can be used along with simulations to determine parameters for sophisticated constitutive models that more accurately describe the strength, softening, bulking, and poroelastic response. Effects of experimental geometry and alternative configurations are discussed. Our understanding of the material response is further enhanced using mesoscale simulations that allow us to relate the mechanisms of grain fracture, contact, and comminution to the macroscale continuum response. Numerical considerations in both continuum and mesoscale simulations are described. This work was performed under the auspices of the U.S. Department of Energy by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory under Contract DE-AC52-07NA27344. LDRD#16-ERD-010. LLNL-ABS-725113.

Improved compaction of ZnO nano-powder triggered by the presence of acetate and its effect on sintering

PubMed Central

Gonzalez-Julian, Jesus; Guillon, Olivier

2015-01-01

The retention of nanocrystallinity in dense ceramic materials is still a challenge, even with the application of external pressure during sintering. The compaction behavior of high purity and acetate enriched zinc oxide (ZnO) nano-powders was investigated. It was found that acetate in combination with water plays a key role during the compaction into green bodies at moderate temperatures. Application of constant pressure resulted in a homogeneous green body with superior packing density (86% of theoretical value) at moderate temperature (85 °C) in the presence of water. In contrast, no improvement in density could be achieved if pure ZnO powder was used. This compaction behavior offers superior packing of the particles, resulting in a high relative density of the consolidated compact with negligible coarsening. Dissolution accompanying creep diffusion based matter transport is suggested to strongly support reorientation of ZnO particles towards densities beyond the theoretical limit for packing of ideal monosized spheres. Finally, the sintering trajectory reveals that grain growth is retarded compared to conventional processing up to 90% of theoretical density. Moreover, nearly no radial shrinkage was observed after sinter-forging for bodies performed with this advanced processing method. PMID:27877777

If Maxwell had worked between Ampère and Faraday: An historical fable with a pedagogical moral

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jammer, Max; Stachel, John

1980-01-01

If one drops the Faraday induction term from Maxwell's equations, they become exactly Galilei invariant. This suggests that if Maxwell had worked between Ampère and Faraday, he could have developed this Galilei-invariant electromagnetic theory so that Faraday's discovery would have confronted physicists with the dilemma: give up the Galileian relativity principle for electromagnetism (ether hypothesis), or modify it (special relativity). This suggests a new pedagogical approach to electromagnetic theory, in which the displacement current and the Galileian relativity principle are introduced before the induction term is discussed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paul Demkowicz; Lance Cole; Scott Ploger

The AGR-1 irradiation experiment ended on November 6, 2009, after 620 effective full power days in the Advanced Test Reactor, achieving a peak burnup of 19.6% FIMA. The test train was shipped to the Materials and Fuels Complex in March 2010 for post-irradiation examination. The first PIE activities included non-destructive examination of the test train, followed by disassembly of the test train and individual capsules and detailed inspection of the capsule contents, including the fuel compacts and the graphite fuel holders. Dimensional measurements of the compacts, graphite holders, and steel capsules shells were performed using a custom vision measurement systemmore » (for outer diameters and lengths) and conventional bore gauges (for inner diameters). Gamma spectrometry of the intact test train gave a preliminary look at the condition of the interior components. No evidence of damage to compacts or graphite components was evident from the isotopic and gross gamma scans. Neutron radiography of the intact Capsule 2 showed a high degree of detail of interior components and confirmed the observation that there was no major damage to the capsule. Disassembly of the capsules was initiated using procedures qualified during out-of-cell mockup testing. Difficulties were encountered during capsule disassembly due to irradiation-induced changes in some of the capsule components’ properties, including embrittled niobium and molybdenum parts that were susceptible to fracture and swelling of the graphite fuel holders that affected their removal from the capsule shells. This required various improvised modifications to the disassembly procedure to avoid damage to the fuel compacts. Ultimately the capsule disassembly was successful and only one compact from Capsule 4 (out of 72 total in the test train) sustained damage during the disassembly process, along with the associated graphite holder. The compacts were generally in very good condition upon removal. Only relatively minor damage or markings were visible using high resolution photographic inspection. Compact dimensional measurements indicated diametrical shrinkage of 0.9 to 1. 4%, and length shrinkage of 0.2 to 1.1%. The shrinkage was somewhat dependent on compact location within each capsule and within the test train. Compacts exhibited a maximum diametrical shrinkage at a fast neutron fluence of approximately 3×1021 n/cm2. A multivariate statistical analysis indicates that fast neutron fluence as well as compact position in the test train influence compact shrinkage.« less

Differentiating between Confrontive and Coercive Kinds of Parental Power-Assertive Disciplinary Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baumrind, Diana

2012-01-01

In this essay, I differentiate between coercive and confrontive kinds of power assertion to elucidate the significantly different effects on children's well-being of authoritarian and authoritative styles of parental authority. Although both parenting styles (in contrast to the permissive style) are equally demanding, forceful, and…

Opening Spaces for Confrontive Encounters with Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunner, Diane D.

A literature class can be successfully taught and organized around content that confronts oppressions (subtle, moral and intellectual forms of discrimination) and empowers students to critique their conceived worlds which are often at odds with their perceived realities. First, selected writings for examination illuminate life in a resistant world…

Responsive Management: Practical Strategies for Avoiding Overreaction to Minor Misbehavior

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allday, R. Allan

2011-01-01

Minor misbehavior causes frustration for many teachers and can serve as the catalyst for escalating into a public confrontation between student and teacher. This confrontation can be caused by teacher overreaction to minor misbehavior. When teachers take the initiative and predetermine their response to misbehavior, they reduce and possibly…

Multichannel fNIRS Assessment of Overt and Covert Confrontation Naming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moriai-Izawa, Ayano; Dan, Haruka; Dan, Ippeita; Sano, Toshifumi; Oguro, Keiji; Yokota, Hidenori; Tsuzuki, Daisuke; Watanabe, Eiju

2012-01-01

Confrontation naming tasks assess cognitive processes involved in the main stage of word production. However, in fMRI, the occurrence of movement artifacts necessitates the use of covert paradigms, which has limited clinical applications. Thus, we explored the feasibility of adopting multichannel functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) to…

People and Technology Today: Some Educational Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodriguez-Sedano, Alfredo; Paris, Ana Costa; Mut, Maite Dassoy

2011-01-01

The present article approaches some of the educational implications borne by humanity with technological progress. We begin by pointing out significant data that classify what is considered relevant. Then, confronting the future is discussed by analyzing the attitudes necessary to promote the goals. Confronted with these challenges, three possible…

Confrontation and Alienation: Education's Flawed Response to Religious Textbook Objections.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balajthy, Ernest

Recent controversies over textbooks illustrate objections held by Evangelicals to "secular humanism" in the schools. Educators automatically tend to assume that all religious objections to curricula are clear-cut attempts at censorship. This confrontational attitude on the part of educators can lead to alienation of minority religious…

Confronting an Augmented Reality

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Munnerley, Danny; Bacon, Matt; Wilson, Anna; Steele, James; Hedberg, John; Fitzgerald, Robert

2012-01-01

How can educators make use of augmented reality technologies and practices to enhance learning and why would we want to embrace such technologies anyway? How can an augmented reality help a learner confront, interpret and ultimately comprehend reality itself ? In this article, we seek to initiate a discussion that focuses on these questions, and…

Confronting Unsuccessful Practices: Repositioning Teacher Identities in English Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vetter, Amy; Hartman, Shana V.; Reynolds, Jeanie M.

2016-01-01

Teacher education programs attempt to prepare preservice teachers for the various challenges faced in the classroom. One particular challenge new teachers face is how to handle unsuccessful practices. This paper argues that confronting ineffective practices require that teachers respond to complex and dynamic challenges, making change difficult…

Post Stereotypes: Deconstructing Racial Assumptions and Biases through Visual Culture and Confrontational Pedagogy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jung, Yuha

2015-01-01

The Post Stereotypes project embodies confrontational pedagogy and involves postcard artmaking designed to both solicit expression of and deconstruct students' racial, ethnic, and cultural stereotypes and assumptions. As part of the Cultural Diversity in American Art course, students created postcard art that visually represented their personal…

Challenges Confronting Female Intercollegiate Athletic Directors of NCAA Member Institutions by Division

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Quarterman, Jerome; DuPree, Aimee D.; Willis, Kimberly Pettaway

2006-01-01

This study examined the major challenges confronting female intercollegiate athletic directors and directors of women's intercollegiate athletics programs of NCAA member institutions. A 34-item questionnaire was mailed to 169 female intercollegiate athletic directors and directors of women's intercollegiate athletics programs. Of the 169 directors…

Managing Confrontations Safely and Effectively

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moriarty, Anthony

2009-01-01

Most Monday mornings are noisy affairs where students and staff members are catching up on the events of the weekend. Sometimes these events are disputes that have festered over the weekend and are now ready to get settled. When a confrontation between students occurs, noise levels accelerate, students begin running, and an unnerving combination…

[THE ROLE OF PHILOSOPHICAL REFLECTIONS OF STANISLAW ZAREMBA IN THE CONTEXT OF A DISPUTE ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF THE THEORY OF RELATIVITY].

PubMed

Polak, Paweł

2014-01-01

The aim of this paper is to present the philosophical background of Stanisław Zaremba's critique of Einstein's theory of relativity. In the 1920s, Zaremba was the most prominent Polish opponent of this theory. His papers influenced some discussions related to Einstein's theory, especially in France and in Poland. This paper takes also into account the development of Zaremba's critique. The analysis of his papers shows that he never became a follower of the Einstein's theory of relativity. Such a statement compels us to confront it with the previous interpretations of Zaremba's thought.

Modes of relating to contingency: An exploration of experiences in advanced cancer patients.

PubMed

Kruizinga, Renske; Hartog, Iris D; Scherer-Rath, Michael; Schilderman, Hans; Van Laarhoven, Hanneke

2017-08-01

Throughout their lives, people are confronted with unexpected life events, which can be difficult to incorporate into their life narratives. Such a confrontation can result in an experience of contingency. Different ways of relating to contingency have been described by Wuchterl: denying, acknowledging, and "encounter with the Other." In the present article, we aim to trace these theoretical distinctions in real-life experiences of patients. We analyzed 45 interviews using the constant comparative method with a directed content analysis approach in the Atlas.ti coding program. The interviews originated from a randomized controlled trial evaluating an assisted reflection on life events and ultimate life goals. Seven spiritual counselors from six hospitals in the Netherlands conducted the interviews from July of 2014 to March of 2016. All 45 patients had advanced cancer. We found four different modes into which relating to contingency can be classified: denying, acknowledging, accepting, and receiving. With denying, patients did not mention any impact of the life event on their lives. In acknowledging, the impact was recognized and a start was made to incorporate the event into their life. In accepting, patients went through a process of reinterpretation of the event. In receiving, patients talked about receiving insights from their illness and living a more conscious life. Our study is the first to investigate the different ways of relating to contingency in clinical practice. The defined modes will improve our understanding of the various ways in which cancer patients relate to their disease, allowing caregivers to better target and shape individual care.

Compact Color Schlieren Optical System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buchele, Donald R.; Griffin, Devon W.

1996-01-01

Compact, rugged optical system developed for use in rainbow schlieren deflectometry. Features unobscured telescope with focal-length/aperture-width ratio of 30. Made of carefully selected but relatively inexpensive parts. All of lenses stock items. By-product of design is optical system with loose tolerances on interlens spacing. One of resulting advantages, insensitivity to errors in fabrication of optomechanical mounts. Another advantage is ability to compensate for some of unit-to-unit variations inherent in stock lenses.

Sex-specific effects of dietary fatty acids on saliva cortisol and social behavior in guinea pigs under different social environmental conditions.

PubMed

Nemeth, Matthias; Millesi, Eva; Puehringer-Sturmayr, Verena; Kaplan, Arthur; Wagner, Karl-Heinz; Quint, Ruth; Wallner, Bernard

2016-01-01

Unbalanced dietary intakes of saturated (SFAs) and polyunsaturated (PUFAs) fatty acids can profoundly influence the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis and glucocorticoid secretions in relation to behavioral performances. The beneficial effects of higher dietary PUFA intakes and PUFA:SFA ratios may also affect social interactions and social-living per se, where adequate physiological and behavioral responses are essential to cope with unstable social environmental conditions. Effects of diets high in PUFAs or SFAs and a control diet were investigated in male and female guinea pigs after 60 days of supplementation. Plasma fatty acid patterns served as an indicator of the general fatty acid status. HPA-axis activities, determined by measuring saliva cortisol concentrations, social behaviors, and hierarchy ranks were analyzed during group housing of established single-sexed groups and during challenging social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals of the other groups. The plasma PUFA:SFA ratio was highest in PUFA supplemented animals, with female levels significantly exceeding males, and lowest in SFA animals. SFA males and females showed increased saliva cortisol levels and decreased aggressiveness during group housing, while sociopositive behaviors were lowest in PUFA males. Males generally showed higher cortisol increases in response to the challenging social confrontations with unfamiliar individuals than females. While increasing cortisol concentrations were detected in control and PUFA animals, no such effect was found in SFA animals. During social confrontations, PUFA males showed higher levels of agonistic and sociopositive behaviors and also gained higher dominance ranks among males, which was not detected for females. While SFAs seemingly impaired cortisol responses and social behaviors, PUFAs enabled adequate behavioral responses in male individuals under stressful new social environmental conditions. This sex-specific effect was possibly related to a general sex difference in the n-3 PUFA bioavailability and cortisol responses, which may indicate that males are more susceptible to changing environmental conditions, and shows how dietary fatty acids can shape social systems.

Very compact, high-stability electrostatic actuator featuring contact-free self-limiting displacement

DOEpatents

Rodgers, M. Steven; Miller, Samuel L.

2003-01-01

A compact electrostatic actuator is disclosed for microelectromechanical (MEM) applications. The actuator utilizes stationary and moveable electrodes, with the stationary electrodes being formed on a substrate and the moveable electrodes being supported above the substrate on a frame. The frame provides a rigid structure which allows the electrostatic actuator to be operated at high voltages (up to 190 Volts) to provide a relatively large actuation force compared to conventional electrostatic comb actuators which are much larger in size. For operation at its maximum displacement, the electrostatic actuator is relatively insensitive to the exact value of the applied voltage and provides a self-limiting displacement.

The Meteorology of Storms that Produce Narrow Bipolar Events

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lang, Timothy; McCaul, Bill; Fuchs, Brody; Cummer, Steve

2013-01-01

Narrow Bipolar Event's (NBE) are compact (< 2 km), powerful (> 10 kW in VHF), and impulsive (approx 10 micro s) electrical discharges in thunderstorms, also known as compact intracloud discharges (CIDs). Can be either positive or negative polarity and have distinctive broadband waveform signatures sometimes confused for +CGs in the past by NLDN and other networks. NBEs are related to lightning but are likely optically "dark". As revealed by VHF sensors (both satellite and ground): (1) The most powerful lightning-­-related VHF sources observed (2) Tend to occur at the beginning of intracloud discharges (3) Difficult to estimate altitude properly due to receiver saturation.

Determination of Spatially Resolved Tablet Density and Hardness Using Near-Infrared Chemical Imaging (NIR-CI).

PubMed

Talwar, Sameer; Roopwani, Rahul; Anderson, Carl A; Buckner, Ira S; Drennen, James K

2017-08-01

Near-infrared chemical imaging (NIR-CI) combines spectroscopy with digital imaging, enabling spatially resolved analysis and characterization of pharmaceutical samples. Hardness and relative density are critical quality attributes (CQA) that affect tablet performance. Intra-sample density or hardness variability can reveal deficiencies in formulation design or the tableting process. This study was designed to develop NIR-CI methods to predict spatially resolved tablet density and hardness. The method was implemented using a two-step procedure. First, NIR-CI was used to develop a relative density/solid fraction (SF) prediction method for pure microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) compacts only. A partial least squares (PLS) model for predicting SF was generated by regressing the spectra of certain representative pixels selected from each image against the compact SF. Pixel selection was accomplished with a threshold based on the Euclidean distance from the median tablet spectrum. Second, micro-indentation was performed on the calibration compacts to obtain hardness values. A univariate model was developed by relating the empirical hardness values to the NIR-CI predicted SF at the micro-indented pixel locations: this model generated spatially resolved hardness predictions for the entire tablet surface.

Quantum Effects in Cosmology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saharian, A. A.

2016-09-01

We investigate the vacuum expectation value of the current density for a charged scalar field on a slice of anti-de Sitter (AdS) space with toroidally compact dimensions. Along the compact dimensions periodicity conditions are imposed on the field operator with general phases and the presence of a constant gauge field is assumed. The latter gives rise to Aharonov-Bohm-like effects on the vacuum currents. The current density along compact dimensions is a periodic function of the gauge field flux with the period equal to the flux quantum. It vanishes on the AdS boundary and, near the horizon, to the leading order, it is conformally related to the corresponding quantity in Minkowski bulk for a massless field. For large values of the length of the compact dimension compared with the AdS curvature radius, the vacuum current decays as power-law for both massless and massive fields. This behavior is essentially different from the corresponding one in Minkowski background, where the currents for a massive field are suppressed exponentially.

Microstructure investigation of 13Cr-2Mo ODS steel components obtained by high voltage electric discharge compaction technique

DOE PAGES

Bogachev, Igor; Yudin, Artem; Grigoryev, Evgeniy; ...

2015-11-02

Refractory oxide dispersion strengthened 13Cr-2Mo steel powder was successfully consolidated to near theoretical density using high voltage electric discharge compaction. Cylindrical samples with relative density from 90% to 97% and dimensions of 10 mm in diameter and 10–15 mm in height were obtained. Consolidation conditions such as pressure and voltage were varied in some ranges to determine the optimal compaction regime. Three different concentrations of yttria were used to identify its effect on the properties of the samples. It is shown that the utilized ultra-rapid consolidation process in combination with high transmitted energy allows obtaining high density compacts, retaining themore » initial structure with minimal grain growth. The experimental results indicate some heterogeneity of the structure which may occur in the external layers of the tested samples due to various thermal and electromagnetic in-processing effects. As a result, the choice of the optimal parameters of the consolidation enables obtaining samples of acceptable quality.« less

Microstructure Investigation of 13Cr-2Mo ODS Steel Components Obtained by High Voltage Electric Discharge Compaction Technique.

PubMed

Bogachev, Igor; Yudin, Artem; Grigoryev, Evgeniy; Chernov, Ivan; Staltsov, Maxim; Khasanov, Oleg; Olevsky, Eugene

2015-11-02

Refractory oxide dispersion strengthened 13Cr-2Mo steel powder was successfully consolidated to near theoretical density using high voltage electric discharge compaction. Cylindrical samples with relative density from 90% to 97% and dimensions of 10 mm in diameter and 10-15 mm in height were obtained. Consolidation conditions such as pressure and voltage were varied in some ranges to determine the optimal compaction regime. Three different concentrations of yttria were used to identify its effect on the properties of the samples. It is shown that the utilized ultra-rapid consolidation process in combination with high transmitted energy allows obtaining high density compacts, retaining the initial structure with minimal grain growth. The experimental results indicate some heterogeneity of the structure which may occur in the external layers of the tested samples due to various thermal and electromagnetic in-processing effects. The choice of the optimal parameters of the consolidation enables obtaining samples of acceptable quality.

Scalar field configurations supported by charged compact reflecting stars in a curved spacetime

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Peng, Yan

2018-05-01

We study the system of static scalar fields coupled to charged compact reflecting stars through both analytical and numerical methods. We enclose the star in a box and our solutions are related to cases without box boundaries when putting the box far away from the star. We provide bottom and upper bounds for the radius of the scalar hairy compact reflecting star. We obtain numerical scalar hairy star solutions satisfying boundary conditions and find that the radius of the hairy star in a box is continuous in a range, which is very different from cases without box boundaries where the radius is discrete in the range. We also examine effects of the star charge and mass on the largest radius.

Compact intra-cavity frequency doubled line beam green laser by a laser diode array pumped

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Boxia; Qi, Yan; Wang, Yanwei

2016-10-01

Compact, high power, and low-cost green laser light sources are needed in projection-related applications such as digital cinema, rear-projection television, simulators, and command and control stations. We report a LD array directly pumped intracavity SHG Nd:YVO4/PPMgLN laser without lens or waveguide in this letter. A compact 3.12 W green laser was demonstrated by intra-cavity frequency doubled using a PPMgLN bulk crystal by a 19-emitter LD array pumped(single bar), the conversion efficiency from input LD array was 9.2%. A line-beam output suitable for laser projectors was generated, which has the potential to be scalable to small volumes and low costs for laser projection displays.

Assessing benefits, costs, and disparate racial impacts of confrontational proactive policing

PubMed Central

Manski, Charles F.; Nagin, Daniel S.

2017-01-01

Effective policing in a democratic society must balance the sometime conflicting objectives of public safety and community trust. This paper uses a formal model of optimal policing to explore how society might reasonably resolve the tension between these two objectives as well as evaluate disparate racial impacts. We do so by considering the social benefits and costs of confrontational types of proactive policing, such as stop, question, and frisk. Three features of the optimum that are particularly relevant to policy choices are explored: (i) the cost of enforcement against the innocent, (ii) the baseline level of crime rate without confrontational enforcement, and (iii) differences across demographic groups in the optimal rate of enforcement. PMID:28739928

Splice connector with internal heat transfer jacket

DOEpatents

Silva, Frank A.; Mayer, Robert W.

1977-01-01

A heat transfer jacket is placed over the terminal portions of the conductors of a pair of high voltage cables which are connected in a splice connection wherein a housing surrounds the connected conductor portions, the heat transfer jacket extending longitudinally between the confronting ends of a pair of adaptor sleeves placed upon the insulation of the cables to engage and locate the adaptor sleeves relative to one another, and laterally between the conductors and the housing to provide a path of relatively high thermal conductivity between the connected conductor portions and the housing.

What Are the Issues Confronting Infertile Women? A Qualitative and Quantitative Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hammerli, Katja; Znoj, Hansjorg; Berger, Thomas

2010-01-01

Infertility is a stressful experience, yet little is known about the specific issues confronting infertile women. In the present study, researchers sought to identify themes important to infertile women and examine possible associations with mental health levels. Using qualitative content analysis, researchers analyzed the email messages of 57…

Current Issues: Critical Issues Confronting the Nation and the World. 1990 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Close Up Foundation, Arlington, VA.

This annual publication seeks to inform interested readers about issues currently confronting the United States. The introductory section briefly discusses the 101st Congress, members of the Bush administration, and the Supreme Court. The federal budget process is also discussed in this section. The section on domestic policy issues contains the…

Decreasing Confrontational Behavior amongst African American Females at an Urban, Non-Traditional Alternative High School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sigler, Susan

This applied dissertation was designed to decrease confrontation among African American females at an alternative evening school for high school students who were at least 2 years behind grade level academically. The program involved developing a small group guidance curriculum, creating and videotaping role playing scenarios, arranging for…

Multiple Marginality and Urban Education: Community and School Socialization among Low-Income Mexican-Descent Youth

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conchas, Gilberto Q.; Vigil, James Diego

2010-01-01

This article conceptualizes the crucial social and developmental features impacting Mexican-descent youth and adolescents in low-income communities in southern California. All youth in these neighborhoods must confront and come to grips with the many environmental, socioeconomic, racial, and cultural forces they confront. However, it is the…

Identity Pole: Confronting Issues of Personal and Cultural Meaning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ciminero, Sandra Elser

2011-01-01

The purpose of the "Identity Pole" was to explore the big idea of identity. Students would confront issues of personal and cultural meaning, and draw upon interdisciplinary connections for inspiration. The author chose to present totem poles of the Northwest Coast Native Americans/First Nations of Canada, as well as school, state and national…

An Integrative Verbal and Visual Analysis of the Carter-Reagan Debate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tiemens, Robert K.; And Others

Noting that confrontation is a fundamental element of debate, a study examined the confrontational nature of a 1980 presidential debate between Jimmy Carter and Ronald Reagan by analyzing its verbal and visual context as presented through television. By means of videotapes, still photographs, and a typed transcript, each instance of a verbal…

The School as a Social System--Stress and Distress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broudy, Harry S.

Three major areas of confrontation within the educational system stem from power shifts taking place within the social system as a whole. The taxpayer's revolt against increased school expenditures as juxtaposed to teachers' collective demands for salary increases forms the nucleus of one major confrontation area. Secondly, urban schools face a…

Educating Women Students in the Academy to Confront Gender Discrimination and Contribute to Equity Afterward

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mentkowski, Marcia; Rogers, Glen

2010-01-01

We argue that (1) faculty and other academic professionals who educate undergraduate women in capabilities such as effective communication, teamwork, and leadership that are integrated with the disciplines (e.g., biology, history, fine arts) and professions (e.g., education, nursing, management) indirectly assist their students to confront gender…

Confronting Delinquency: Probations Officers' Use of Coercion and Client-Centered Tactics to Foster Youth Compliance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schwalbe, Craig S.; Maschi, Tina

2011-01-01

Youthful compliance with juvenile court mandates is a cornerstone of effective probation practice. Despite this, research has not examined probation strategies for encouraging and enforcing youthful compliance with probation conditions. This study describes the use of confrontational tactics and client-centered approaches reported by probation…

The Dilemmas of Peer Relationships Confronting Mathematically Gifted Female Adolescents: Nine Cases in Taiwan

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kao, Chen-Yao

2011-01-01

There has been a scarcity of research studies addressing the dilemmas of peer relationships confronting gifted adolescent females. In this study, the peer relationships of nine mathematically gifted adolescent females living in Taiwan are explored using a qualitative multicase study. Data analysis revealed six compelling themes: a proclivity for…

Notification: FY 2017 Update of Proposed Key Management Challenges and Internal Control Weaknesses Confronting the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Jan 5, 2017. The EPA OIG is beginning work to update for fiscal year 2017 its list of proposed key management challenges and internal control weaknesses confronting the U.S. Chemical Safety and Hazard Investigation Board (CSB).

Self Confrontation Counseling: A Selective Review With Implications for Teacher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuller, Frances F.; And Others

This report reviews relevant educational literature and current practices to discover the relationship between personal change and self confrontation. Five areas of study include a) outcomes, b) help for whom, c) the helpful situation, d) the helpful treatment, and e) the helpful helper. The first section briefly describes the outcomes of self…

What to Do When a Bad Teacher Doesn't Get Better.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennis, Bruce L.

1990-01-01

Responsible administrators are obligated to confront poor teacher performance. Guides principals through 12 steps to take in the confrontation process that include the following: gathering information, waiting for a specific incident, developing a file, meeting with the teacher, helping the teacher to improve, and working with the teacher union.…

METHOD OF MAKING A REFRACTORY MATERIAL

DOEpatents

Miller, H.I.

1958-01-01

This patent relates to a composition containing beryllia and the oxide of a fissile element such as uranium. The oxides are first ground and mixed, paraffin is added to the mixed powders, and the composition is then compacted and sintered to drive off the paraffin and produce a stuctually stable compact. The result is a coherent refractory arrangement of fissile nuclei dispersed among moderating nuclei. The composition, size, shape, etc., of the brick may be varied according to its intended use.

Compaction Control of Earth-Rock Mixtures

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-08-01

specifications have avoided dealing with the full-scale materials. For example, the specified range for water contenz and the value of minimum de - sired percent...Record Samples taken from that embankment or concerning the satisfactory result sof tets perfornt d on t lous. s c p s relative to de ~sgn r, q:.irements...precision of the compaction test provided that the lines of optimums of the families of curves are neatly de - fined. That is to say that the

Compact near-IR and mid-IR cavity ring down spectroscopy device

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, J. Houston (Inventor)

2011-01-01

This invention relates to a compact cavity ring down spectrometer for detection and measurement of trace species in a sample gas using a tunable solid-state continuous-wave mid-infrared PPLN OPO laser or a tunable low-power solid-state continuous wave near-infrared diode laser with an algorithm for reducing the periodic noise in the voltage decay signal which subjects the data to cluster analysis or by averaging of the interquartile range of the data.

Predicting the tensile strength of compacted multi-component mixtures of pharmaceutical powders.

PubMed

Wu, Chuan-Yu; Best, Serena M; Bentham, A Craig; Hancock, Bruno C; Bonfield, William

2006-08-01

Pharmaceutical tablets are generally produced by compacting a mixture of several ingredients, including active drugs and excipients. It is of practical importance if the properties of such tablets can be predicted on the basis of the ones for constituent components. The purpose of this work is to develop a theoretical model which can predict the tensile strength of compacted multi-component pharmaceutical mixtures. The model was derived on the basis of the Ryshkewitch-Duckworth equation that was originally proposed for porous materials. The required input parameters for the model are the relative density or solid fraction (ratio of the volume of solid materials to the total volume of the tablets) of the multi-component tablets and parameters associated with the constituent single-component powders, which are readily accessible. The tensile strength of tablets made of various powder blends at different relative density was also measured using diametrical compression. It has been shown that the tensile strength of the multi-component powder compacts is primarily a function of the solid fraction. Excellent agreement between prediction and experimental data for tablets of binary, ternary and four-component blends of some widely used pharmaceutical excipients was obtained. It has been demonstrated that the proposed model can well predict the tensile strength of multi-component pharmaceutical tablets. Thus, the model will be a useful design tool for formulation engineers in the pharmaceutical industry.

Prevention of Alcohol Abuse in American Families. Hearing before the Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families. House of Representatives, Ninety-Ninth Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. House Select Committee on Children, Youth, and Families.

This document is the text of a Congressional hearing called to examine prevention of alcohol abuse in American families. In her opening statement, Representative Lindy Boggs states that alcohol abuse is related to many problems confronting families including divorce, violence, and behavioral emotional problems and that the purpose of this hearing…

Strategic alliance as a competitive tactics for biological-pharmacy industry.

PubMed

Liu, Chuanming; Wang, Ling; Qi, Ershi

2005-01-01

Biological-pharmacy industry refers to biotechnology companies and pharmacy makers. Because of the uncertainty and time-lag in the field of biological-pharmacy, the former is confronted with lacking of capital and the later is faced with improving technique-innovation and product-exploitation. This paper analyzes basic operation principle of strategic alliance, and related strategies are also put forward for biological-pharmacy enterprise to carry out.

Girls, Boys and Subject Choice: A Report on Sex Differences in Participation Rates in Subjects in Western Australian Government Secondary Schools. Discussion Paper No. 11.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Sandra; Fitzpatrick, Jim

Many of the issues confronting schools and society relate to the changing roles of males and females. Concern has also been expressed over the preparedness of graduates to face an uncertain job market and rapid technological change. To study the relationship between school subject choice and career opportunities for Australian youth, school…

Flexible Goal Adjustment from Late Childhood to Late Adolescence: Developmental Differences and Relations to Cognitive Coping and Emotion Regulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thomsen, Tamara

2016-01-01

One way to avert negative influences on well-being when confronted with blocked goals is the flexible adjustment of one's goals to the given situation. This study examines developmental differences in flexible goal adjustment (FGA) regarding age and gender in a sample of N = 815 participants (10 to 20 years; M = 13.63, SD = 2.60, 48.5% male).…

Confronting Suffering and Death at the End of Life: The Impact of Religiosity, Psychosocial Factors, and Life Regret among Hospice Patients

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Neimeyer, Robert A.; Currier, Joseph M.; Coleman, Rachel; Tomer, Adrian; Samuel, Emily

2011-01-01

Although the role of spiritual, psychological, and social factors is receiving increasing attention in the end of life (EOL) context, we know far less than we need to about how these factors shape attitudes toward life and death in the face of looming loss. The present study begins to remedy these limitations by examining the relative impact of…

Use of remote sensing for land use policy formulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boylan, M.; Vlasin, R. D.

1976-01-01

Uses of remote sensing imagery were investigated based on exploring and evaluating the capability and reliability of all kinds of imagery for improving decision making on issues of land use at all scales of governmental administration. Emphasis was placed on applications to solving immediate problems confronting public agencies and private organizations. Resulting applications of remote sensing use by public agencies, public organizations, and related private corporations are described.

The Role of Critical Inquiry in (Re)constructing the Public Agenda for Higher Education: Confronting the Conservative Modernization of the Academy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gildersleeve, Ryan Evely; Kuntz, Aaron M.; Pasque, Penny A.; Carducci, Rozana

2010-01-01

As higher education seeks to become more socially responsive, the public agenda is one form that has taken root in explicating the relation of higher education to society. In this paper, we critically analyze two different instantiations of the public agenda for higher education, placing them against the backdrop of what Michael Apple (2006a)…

Nature talk in an Appalachian newspaper: What environmental discourse analysis reveals about efforts to address exurbanization and climate change

Treesearch

Brian J. Burke; Meredith Welch-Devine; Seth Gustafson

2015-01-01

As the people of Southern Appalachia confront the challenges of climate change and exurban development, their foundational beliefs about the environment and human-environment relations will significantly shape the types of individual and collective action that they imagine and pursue. In this paper, we use critical discourse analysis of an influential small-town...

A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ACQUIRING CROSS-CULTURAL INTERACTION SKILLS THROUGH SELF-CONFRONTATION. FINAL REPORT JUL 1964-AUG 1964.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

EACHUS, HERBERT T.; HAINES, DONALD B.

AN EXPERIMENT CARRIED OUT TO ASSESS THE RELATIVE EFFECTIVENESS OF TWO METHODS OF TRAINING UNITED STATES AIR FORCE MILITARY ADVISORS IN CROSS-CULTURAL SKILLS REQUIRED SUBJECTS TO PLAY THE ROLE OF AN AMERICAN AIR FORCE CAPTAIN WHO HAD TO INTERACT, IN SPECIFIED WAYS, WITH A FOREIGN COUNTERPART PLAYED BY AN ACTOR. A LIST OF 34 BEHAVIORS APPROPRIATE TO…

Functional Analysis of the Trichoderma harzianum nox1 Gene, Encoding an NADPH Oxidase, Relates Production of Reactive Oxygen Species to Specific Biocontrol Activity against Pythium ultimum▿†

PubMed Central

Montero-Barrientos, M.; Hermosa, R.; Cardoza, R. E.; Gutiérrez, S.; Monte, E.

2011-01-01

The synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) is one of the first events following pathogenic interactions in eukaryotic cells, and NADPH oxidases are involved in the formation of such ROS. The nox1 gene of Trichoderma harzianum was cloned, and its role in antagonism against phytopathogens was analyzed in nox1-overexpressed transformants. The increased levels of nox1 expression in these transformants were accompanied by an increase in ROS production during their direct confrontation with Pythium ultimum. The transformants displayed an increased hydrolytic pattern, as determined by comparing protease, cellulase, and chitinase activities with those for the wild type. In confrontation assays against P. ultimum the nox1-overexpressed transformants were more effective than the wild type, but not in assays against Botrytis cinerea or Rhizoctonia solani. A transcriptomic analysis using a Trichoderma high-density oligonucleotide (HDO) microarray also showed that, compared to gene expression for the interaction of wild-type T. harzianum and P. ultimum, genes related to protease, cellulase, and chitinase activities were differentially upregulated in the interaction of a nox1-overexpressed transformant with this pathogen. Our results show that nox1 is involved in T. harzianum ROS production and antagonism against P. ultimum. PMID:21421791

Modeling Firn Compaction in Dynamic Regions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Horlings, Annika N.; Christianson, Knut; Waddington, Edwin D.; Stevens, C. Max; Holschuh, Nicholas

2017-04-01

Firn compaction remains the largest source of uncertainty in assessments of ice-sheet mass balance from repeat altimetry measurements due to our limited understanding of the physical processes responsible for the transformation of snow into ice. In addition to the lack of a comprehensive, physically-based constitutive relationship that describes firn compaction, dynamic thinning is an important process in some regions, but is generally neglected in firn-compaction models due to their one-dimensional nature. Here, we report on preliminary results incorporating dynamic strain thinning into firn compaction models. Using a Lagrangian (material-following) reference frame, we first compact each firn element using a standard 1-D firn-compaction model without longitudinal strain. Then, we stretch each firn parcel at each time step by applying a prescribed longitudinal strain rate in the absence of further density changes; this produces additional vertical thinning. To assess variations among firn models, we compare results from eight firn densification models currently included in the UW Community Firn Model. We focus on the Northeast Greenland Ice Stream due to the high extensile strain rates (10-3 yr-1 or higher) in the ice stream's shear margins and the extensive firn-density data in this area from seismic measurements and shallow firn/ice cores. For temperatures and accumulation rates typical for northeast Greenland, our preliminary results indicate up to an 18-meter decrease in bubble close-off depth in the shear margins compared to nearby areas either inside or outside the ice stream, which compares favorably to field data. Further work includes incorporating physically-based constitutive relations and applying these improved models to other dynamic regions, such as the Amundsen Sea Embayment, where dynamic strain thinning has accelerated in recent decades.