Sample records for relieving platforms

  1. Underwater Facilities Inspections and Assessments at Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Volume 2.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-10-01

    broken piles in a concentrated area . As a result, the relieving platform is unsupported and in this are loading should be restricted to 50 psf until...concentration of damaged piles occurs on Section A near Drydock No. 4 and until repairs are made, loading should be restricted to 100 psf in this area . The...a concentrated area . As a result, the relieving platform is unsup- * ported and in this area loading should be restricted to 50 psf until repairs

  2. Turbine airfoil to shroud attachment method

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Campbell, Christian X; Kulkarni, Anand A; James, Allister W

    2014-12-23

    Bi-casting a platform (50) onto an end portion (42) of a turbine airfoil (31) after forming a coating of a fugitive material (56) on the end portion. After bi-casting the platform, the coating is dissolved and removed to relieve differential thermal shrinkage stress between the airfoil and platform. The thickness of the coating is varied around the end portion in proportion to varying amounts of local differential process shrinkage. The coating may be sprayed (76A, 76B) onto the end portion in opposite directions parallel to a chord line (41) of the airfoil or parallel to a mid-platform length (80) ofmore » the platform to form respective layers tapering in thickness from the leading (32) and trailing (34) edges along the suction side (36) of the airfoil.« less

  3. Negative Self-Disclosure on the Web: The Role of Guilt Relief

    PubMed Central

    Levontin, Liat; Yom-Tov, Elad

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we suggest people use anonymous online forums as platforms for self-disclosing actions they feel guilty about—such as transgressions and unethical behaviors—with the goal of achieving guilt relief through others’ reactions. We support this proposition by analyzing field data extracted from Yahoo Answers, an online question-and-answer website. Our analysis shows the level of guilt relief an answer is expected to offer the “asker” (the self-disclosing person) is positively associated with the asker’s likelihood of selecting that answer as the “best” response to the self-disclosure. Furthermore, following receipt of a guilt-relieving answer, an asker becomes less likely to engage in prosocial behavior, which is another type of guilt-relieving action. PMID:28701982

  4. Negative Self-Disclosure on the Web: The Role of Guilt Relief.

    PubMed

    Levontin, Liat; Yom-Tov, Elad

    2017-01-01

    In this paper, we suggest people use anonymous online forums as platforms for self-disclosing actions they feel guilty about-such as transgressions and unethical behaviors-with the goal of achieving guilt relief through others' reactions. We support this proposition by analyzing field data extracted from Yahoo Answers, an online question-and-answer website. Our analysis shows the level of guilt relief an answer is expected to offer the "asker" (the self-disclosing person) is positively associated with the asker's likelihood of selecting that answer as the "best" response to the self-disclosure. Furthermore, following receipt of a guilt-relieving answer, an asker becomes less likely to engage in prosocial behavior, which is another type of guilt-relieving action.

  5. Electrical Design and Evaluation of Asynchronous Serial Bus Communication Network of 48 Sensor Platform LSIs with Single-Ended I/O for Integrated MEMS-LSI Sensors.

    PubMed

    Shao, Chenzhong; Tanaka, Shuji; Nakayama, Takahiro; Hata, Yoshiyuki; Muroyama, Masanori

    2018-01-15

    For installing many sensors in a limited space with a limited computing resource, the digitization of the sensor output at the site of sensation has advantages such as a small amount of wiring, low signal interference and high scalability. For this purpose, we have developed a dedicated Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Large-Scale Integration (LSI) (referred to as "sensor platform LSI") for bus-networked Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS)-LSI integrated sensors. In this LSI, collision avoidance, adaptation and event-driven functions are simply implemented to relieve data collision and congestion in asynchronous serial bus communication. In this study, we developed a network system with 48 sensor platform LSIs based on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in a backbone bus topology with the bus length being 2.4 m. We evaluated the serial communication performance when 48 LSIs operated simultaneously with the adaptation function. The number of data packets received from each LSI was almost identical, and the average sampling frequency of 384 capacitance channels (eight for each LSI) was 73.66 Hz.

  6. Instrumental or Physical-Exercise Rehabilitation of Balance Improves Both Balance and Gait in Parkinson's Disease

    PubMed Central

    Giardini, Marica; Nardone, Antonio; Guglielmetti, Simone; Arcolin, Ilaria; Pisano, Fabrizio

    2018-01-01

    We hypothesised that rehabilitation specifically addressing balance in Parkinson's disease patients might improve not only balance but locomotion as well. Two balance-training protocols (standing on a moving platform and traditional balance exercises) were assessed by assigning patients to two groups (Platform, n = 15, and Exercises, n = 17). The platform moved periodically in the anteroposterior, laterolateral, and oblique direction, with and without vision in different trials. Balance exercises were based on the Otago Exercise Program. Both platform and exercise sessions were administered from easy to difficult. Outcome measures were (a) balancing behaviour, assessed by both Index of Stability (IS) on platform and Mini-BESTest, and (b) gait, assessed by both baropodometry and Timed Up and Go (TUG) test. Falls Efficacy Scale-International (FES-I) and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-8) were administered. Both groups exhibited better balance control, as assessed both by IS and by Mini-BESTest. Gait speed at baropodometry also improved in both groups, while TUG was less sensitive to improvement. Scores of FES-I and PDQ-8 showed a marginal improvement. A four-week treatment featuring no gait training but focused on challenging balance tasks produces considerable gait enhancement in mildly to moderately affected patients. Walking problems in PD depend on postural instability and are successfully relieved by appropriate balance rehabilitation. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03314597. PMID:29706993

  7. Electrical Design and Evaluation of Asynchronous Serial Bus Communication Network of 48 Sensor Platform LSIs with Single-Ended I/O for Integrated MEMS-LSI Sensors

    PubMed Central

    Shao, Chenzhong; Tanaka, Shuji; Nakayama, Takahiro; Hata, Yoshiyuki

    2018-01-01

    For installing many sensors in a limited space with a limited computing resource, the digitization of the sensor output at the site of sensation has advantages such as a small amount of wiring, low signal interference and high scalability. For this purpose, we have developed a dedicated Complementary Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (CMOS) Large-Scale Integration (LSI) (referred to as “sensor platform LSI”) for bus-networked Micro-Electro-Mechanical-Systems (MEMS)-LSI integrated sensors. In this LSI, collision avoidance, adaptation and event-driven functions are simply implemented to relieve data collision and congestion in asynchronous serial bus communication. In this study, we developed a network system with 48 sensor platform LSIs based on Printed Circuit Board (PCB) in a backbone bus topology with the bus length being 2.4 m. We evaluated the serial communication performance when 48 LSIs operated simultaneously with the adaptation function. The number of data packets received from each LSI was almost identical, and the average sampling frequency of 384 capacitance channels (eight for each LSI) was 73.66 Hz. PMID:29342923

  8. Sleep, Stress & Relaxation: Rejuvenate Body & Mind

    Cancer.gov

    Sleep, Stress & Relaxation: Rejuvenate Body & Mind; Relieve Stress; best ways to relieve stress; best way to relieve stress; different ways to relieve stress; does smoking relieve stress; does tobacco relieve stress; how can I relieve stress; how can you relieve stress; how do I relieve stress; reduce stress; does smoking reduce stress; how can I reduce stress; how to reduce stress; reduce stress; reduce stress levels; reducing stress; smoking reduce stress; smoking reduces stress; stress reducing techniques; techniques to reduce stress; stress relief; best stress relief; natural stress relief; need stress relief; relief for stress; relief from stress; relief of stress; smoking and stress relief; smoking for stress relief; smoking stress relief; deal with stress; dealing with stress; dealing with anger; dealing with stress; different ways of dealing with stress; help dealing with stress; how to deal with anger; how to deal with stress; how to deal with stress when quitting smoking; stress management; free stress management; how can you manage stress; how do you manage stress; how to manage stress; manage stress; management of stress; management stress; managing stress; strategies for managing stress; coping with stress; cope with stress; copeing with stress; coping and stress; coping skills for stress; coping strategies for stress; coping strategies with stress; coping strategy for stress; coping with stress; coping with stress and anxiety; emotional health; emotional health; emotional health article; emotional health articles; deep relaxation; deep breathing relaxation techniques; deep muscle relaxation; deep relaxation; deep relaxation meditation; deep relaxation technique; deep relaxation techniques; meditation exercises; mindful exercises; mindful meditation exercises; online relaxation exercises; relaxation breathing exercises; relaxation exercise; relaxation exercises; stress relaxation; methods of relaxation for stress; relax stress; relax techniques stress; relaxation and stress; relaxation and stress reduction; relaxation and stress relief; relaxation exercises for stress; relaxation for stress; mind; mind relaxation; mind relaxation techniques; mindful meditation; mindful meditation techniques; mindfulness; mindful meditation; mindful meditation techniques; relax your mind; relieve stress; best ways to relieve stress; help relieve stress; how can I relieve stress; how can we relieve stress; how can you relieve stress; how do I relieve stress; how do you relieve stress; how relieve stress; cope with stress; cope with stress; coping strategies for stress; coping with stress; how to cope with stress; ways of coping with stress; ways to cope with stress; trouble sleeping; having trouble sleeping; i have trouble sleeping; sleep trouble; sleeping trouble; trouble getting to sleep; trouble sleeping; trouble sleeping at night; sleep better; better sleep; help me sleep better; how can I get better sleep; how to sleep better; sleep better

  9. Efficacy of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy compared with higher-dose budesonide as step-up from low-dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment.

    PubMed

    Jenkins, Christine R; Eriksson, Göran; Bateman, Eric D; Reddel, Helen K; Sears, Malcolm R; Lindberg, Magnus; O'Byrne, Paul M

    2017-04-20

    Asthma management may involve a step up in treatment when symptoms are not well controlled. We examined whether budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (MRT) is as effective as higher, fixed-dose budesonide plus as-needed terbutaline in patients requiring step-up from Step 2 treatment (low-dose inhaled corticosteroids), stratified by baseline reliever use. A post-hoc analysis utilized data from three clinical trials of 6-12 months' duration. Patients aged ≥12 years with symptomatic asthma uncontrolled despite Step 2 treatment were included. Severe exacerbation rate, lung function and reliever use were analysed, stratified by baseline reliever use (<1, 1-2 and >2 occasions/day). Overall, 1239 patients were included. Reductions in severe exacerbation rate with budesonide/formoterol MRT versus fixed-dose budesonide were similar across baseline reliever use levels, and were statistically significant in patients using 1-2 (42%, p = 0.01) and >2 (39%, p = 0.02) reliever occasions/day, but not <1 reliever occasion/day (35%, p = 0.11). Both treatments significantly increased mean FEV 1 from baseline; improvements were significantly greater for budesonide/formoterol MRT in all reliever use groups. Reductions in reliever use from baseline were significantly greater with budesonide/formoterol MRT versus fixed-dose budesonide in patients using 1-2 and >2 reliever occasions/day (-0.33 and -0.74 occasions/day, respectively). Treatment benefit with budesonide/formoterol MRT versus higher, fixed-dose budesonide plus short-acting β 2 -agonist was found in Step 2 patients with relatively low reliever use, supporting the proposal that budesonide/formoterol MRT may be useful when asthma is uncontrolled with low-dose inhaled corticosteroid.

  10. Proceedings of the Scientific Data Compression Workshop

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ramapriyan, H. K. (Editor)

    1989-01-01

    Continuing advances in space and Earth science requires increasing amounts of data to be gathered from spaceborne sensors. NASA expects to launch sensors during the next two decades which will be capable of producing an aggregate of 1500 Megabits per second if operated simultaneously. Such high data rates cause stresses in all aspects of end-to-end data systems. Technologies and techniques are needed to relieve such stresses. Potential solutions to the massive data rate problems are: data editing, greater transmission bandwidths, higher density and faster media, and data compression. Through four subpanels on Science Payload Operations, Multispectral Imaging, Microwave Remote Sensing and Science Data Management, recommendations were made for research in data compression and scientific data applications to space platforms.

  11. 21 CFR 341.85 - Labeling of permitted combinations of active ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... “pain reliever” or “analgesic (pain reliever).” If the product is also labeled to relieve fever, then the analgesic-antipyretic component is identified as a “pain reliever-fever reducer” or “analgesic (pain reliever)-antipyretic (fever reducer).” (2) [Reserved] (b) Indications. The labeling of the...

  12. 21 CFR 341.85 - Labeling of permitted combinations of active ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... “pain reliever” or “analgesic (pain reliever).” If the product is also labeled to relieve fever, then the analgesic-antipyretic component is identified as a “pain reliever-fever reducer” or “analgesic (pain reliever)-antipyretic (fever reducer).” (2) [Reserved] (b) Indications. The labeling of the...

  13. 21 CFR 341.85 - Labeling of permitted combinations of active ingredients.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... “pain reliever” or “analgesic (pain reliever).” If the product is also labeled to relieve fever, then the analgesic-antipyretic component is identified as a “pain reliever-fever reducer” or “analgesic (pain reliever)-antipyretic (fever reducer).” (2) [Reserved] (b) Indications. The labeling of the...

  14. The effect of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy on the risk of severe asthma exacerbations following episodes of high reliever use: an exploratory analysis of two randomised, controlled studies with comparisons to standard therapy

    PubMed Central

    2012-01-01

    Background Divergent strategies have emerged for the management of severe asthma. One strategy utilises high and fixed doses of maintenance treatment, usually inhaled corticosteroid/long-acting β2-agonist (ICS/LABA), supplemented by a short-acting β2-agonist (SABA) as needed. Alternatively, budesonide/formoterol is used as both maintenance and reliever therapy. The latter is superior to fixed-dose treatment in reducing severe exacerbations while achieving similar or better asthma control in other regards. Exacerbations may be reduced by the use of budesonide/formoterol as reliever medication during periods of unstable asthma. We examined the risk of a severe exacerbation in the period after a single day with high reliever use. Methods Episodes of high reliever use were quantified and exacerbations occurring post-index day with these episodes were examined post hoc in two double-blind studies comparing the efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (Symbicort SMART™, Turbuhaler®) 160/4.5 μg twice daily plus as needed with similar or higher maintenance doses of ICS/LABA plus SABA or formoterol. Results Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy significantly reduced the risk of episodes of high reliever use (>6 inhalations/day) vs. all alternative ICS/LABA regimens. With conventional fixed-dose treatment the need for exacerbation treatment within 21 days ranged from 6.0–10.1% of days post-index for all regimens compared with 2.5–3.4% of days with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy. Conclusions Budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy reduces the incidence of high reliever episodes and the exacerbation burden immediately following these episodes vs. alternative ICS/LABA plus SABA regimens at up to double the maintenance dose of ICS. Trial registration These studies do not have registration numbers as they were conducted before clinical trial registration was required PMID:22816878

  15. Rebound Headaches

    MedlinePlus

    ... relievers. Common pain relievers such as aspirin and acetaminophen (Tylenol, others) may contribute to rebound headaches — especially ... OTC) pain relievers that combine caffeine, aspirin and acetaminophen (Excedrin, others) are common culprits. This group also ...

  16. Inversion Therapy: Can It Relieve Back Pain?

    MedlinePlus

    Inversion therapy: Can it relieve back pain? Does inversion therapy relieve back pain? Is it safe? Answers from Edward R. Laskowski, M.D. Inversion therapy doesn't provide lasting relief from back ...

  17. Towards a New Architecture for Autonomous Data Collection

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanzi, T. J.; Roudier, Y.; Apvrille, L.

    2015-08-01

    A new generation of UAVs is coming that will help improve the situational awareness and assessment necessary to ensure quality data collection, especially in difficult conditions like natural disasters. Operators should be relieved from time-consuming data collection tasks as much as possible and at the same time, UAVs should assist data collection operations through a more insightful and automated guidance thanks to advanced sensing capabilities. In order to achieve this vision, two challenges must be addressed though. The first one is to achieve a sufficient autonomy, both in terms of navigation and of interpretation of the data sensed. The second one relates to the reliability of the UAV with respect to accidental (safety) or even malicious (security) risks. This however requires the design and development of new embedded architectures for drones to be more autonomous, while mitigating the harm they may potentially cause. We claim that the increased complexity and flexibility of such platforms requires resorting to modelling, simulation, or formal verification techniques in order to validate such critical aspects of the platform. This paper first discusses the potential and challenges faced by autonomous UAVs for data acquisition. The design of a flexible and adaptable embedded UAV architecture is then addressed. Finally, the need for validating the properties of the platform is discussed. Our approach is sketched and illustrated with the example of a lightweight drone performing 3D reconstructions out of the combination of 2D image acquisition and a specific motion control.

  18. Treatment Options for Malignant Mesothelioma

    MedlinePlus

    ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Radiation therapy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms ...

  19. Stages of Malignant Mesothelioma

    MedlinePlus

    ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Radiation therapy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms ...

  20. Treatment Option Overview (Malignant Mesothelioma)

    MedlinePlus

    ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment that uses ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Radiation therapy as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms ...

  1. Hand-held instrument should relieve hematoma pressure

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Raggio, L. J.; Robertson, T. L.

    1967-01-01

    Portable instrument relieves hematomas beneath fingernails and toenails without surgery. This device simplifies the operative procedure with an instant variable heating tip, adjustable depth settings and interchangeable tip sizes for cauterizing small areas and relieving pressurized clots.

  2. Risks associated with managing asthma without a preventer: urgent healthcare, poor asthma control and over-the-counter reliever use in a cross-sectional population survey.

    PubMed

    Reddel, Helen K; Ampon, Rosario D; Sawyer, Susan M; Peters, Matthew J

    2017-09-25

    Overuse of asthma relievers, particularly without anti-inflammatory preventers, increases asthma risks. This study aimed to identify how many reliever-only users have urgent healthcare, explore their attitudes and beliefs about asthma and its treatment, and investigate whether purchasing over-the-counter relievers was associated with worse asthma outcomes than by prescription. Cross-sectional population-based Internet survey in Australia. Of 2686 participants ≥16 years with current asthma randomly drawn from a web-based panel, 1038 (50.7% male) used only reliever medication. Urgent asthma-related healthcare; Asthma Control Test (ACT); patient attitudes about asthma and medications; reliever purchase (with/without prescription). Of 1038 reliever-only participants, 23.3% had required urgent healthcare for asthma in the previous year, and only 36.0% had a non-urgent asthma review. Those needing urgent healthcare were more likely than those without such events to be male (56.5% vs 49.0%, p=0.003) and current smokers (29.4% vs 23.3%, p=0.009). Only 30.6% had well-controlled asthma (ACT ≥20) compared with 71.0% of those with no urgent healthcare (p<0.0001), and 20.8% used relievers regularly to prevent asthma symptoms (vs 5.5% of those without urgent healthcare). Those with urgent healthcare were more frustrated by their asthma and less happy with how they managed it, and they were less confident about their ability to manage worsening asthma, but just as likely as those without urgent healthcare to manage worsening asthma themselves rather than visit a doctor. Reliever-only users purchasing over-the-counter relievers were no more likely than those purchasing relievers by prescription to have uncontrolled asthma (35.9% vs 40.6%, p=0.23) but were less likely to have had a non-urgent asthma review. One-quarter of the reliever-only population had needed urgent asthma healthcare in the previous year, demonstrating the importance of identifying such patients. Their attitudes and beliefs suggest opportunities for targeting this population in the community. © Article author(s) (or their employer(s) unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

  3. Pain-Relieving Interventions for Retinopathy of Prematurity: A Meta-analysis.

    PubMed

    Disher, Timothy; Cameron, Chris; Mitra, Souvik; Cathcart, Kelcey; Campbell-Yeo, Marsha

    2018-06-01

    Retinopathy of prematurity eye examinations conducted in the neonatal intensive care. To combine randomized trials of pain-relieving interventions for retinopathy of prematurity examinations using network meta-analysis. Systematic review and network meta-analysis of Medline, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Web of Science, and the World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform. All databases were searched from inception to February 2017. Abstract and title screen and full-text screening were conducted independently by 2 reviewers. Data were extracted by 2 reviewers and pooled with random effect models if the number of trials within a comparison was sufficient. The primary outcome was pain during the examination period; secondary outcomes were pain after the examination, physiologic response, and adverse events. Twenty-nine studies ( N = 1487) were included. Topical anesthetic (TA) combined with sweet taste and an adjunct intervention (eg, nonnutritive sucking) had the highest probability of being the optimal treatment (mean difference [95% credible interval] versus TA alone = -3.67 [-5.86 to -1.47]; surface under the cumulative ranking curve = 0.86). Secondary outcomes were sparsely reported (2-4 studies, N = 90-248) but supported sweet-tasting solutions with or without adjunct interventions as optimal. Limitations included moderate heterogeneity in pain assessment reactivity phase and severe heterogeneity in the regulation phase. Multisensory interventions including sweet taste is likely the optimal treatment for reducing pain resulting from eye examinations in preterm infants. No interventions were effective in absolute terms. Copyright © 2018 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  4. How Do Pain Relievers Work? (For Kids)

    MedlinePlus

    ... First Aid & Safety Doctors & Hospitals Videos Recipes for Kids Kids site Sitio para niños How the Body Works ... Español How Do Pain Relievers Work? KidsHealth / For Kids / How Do Pain Relievers Work? Print en español ¿ ...

  5. Evaluation of U.S. Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Hand-Held Assays to Detect Opiate Pain Reliever Compounds in Multiple Biofluids

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-09-01

    EVALUATION OF U.S. COMMERCIAL-OFF-THE-SHELF HAND-HELD ASSAYS TO DETECT OPIATE PAIN RELIEVER COMPOUNDS IN...Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Hand-Held Assays to Detect Opiate Pain Reliever Compounds in Multiple Biofluids 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER R...study, we evaluated the potential for several U.S. commercial-off-the-shelf (COTS) hand-held assays (HHAs) to detect members of the opiate pain reliever

  6. Understanding Americans' views on opioid pain reliever abuse.

    PubMed

    Barry, Colleen L; Kennedy-Hendricks, Alene; Gollust, Sarah E; Niederdeppe, Jeff; Bachhuber, Marcus A; Webster, Daniel W; McGinty, Emma E

    2016-01-01

    Opioid pain reliever abuse rates have increased sharply in the United States. This study examines Americans' personal experience with opioid pain reliever use and abuse, and views about the seriousness of the problem, factors causing it, responsibility for addressing it and support for policies to resolve it. Public opinion survey. A nationally representative US adult sample (n = 1111). Experiences with opioid pain relievers and views about the seriousness, causes of and responsibility for addressing the problem, and support for policies to reduce opioid pain reliever abuse. 28.2 per cent of Americans reported using opioid pain relievers in the last 12 months, 69.5% have used them in their life-time and 17.3% reported using these medications when not prescribed to them. Fifty-eight per cent ranked the problem as serious, on a par with other major health concerns. Individual-orientated factors, including a lack of understanding about how easy it is to become addicted (80.0%) and improper storage (65.1%) and disposal (64.1%), ranked highest as causes, and those abusing opioid pain relievers (83.8%) and their physicians (78.0%) were viewed as most responsible for solving the problem. Of the policies recommended to curb the epidemic, 14 of 16 were supported by a majority of Americans. Americans view the problem of opioid pain reliever abuse as serious, and support nearly all the policies recommended by medical, law enforcement, disease control and public health experts to curb the epidemic. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

  7. 46 CFR 58.20-10 - Pressure relieving devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Pressure relieving devices. 58.20-10 Section 58.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Refrigeration Machinery § 58.20-10 Pressure relieving devices. (a) Each...

  8. 46 CFR 58.20-10 - Pressure relieving devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Pressure relieving devices. 58.20-10 Section 58.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Refrigeration Machinery § 58.20-10 Pressure relieving devices. (a) Each...

  9. 46 CFR 58.20-10 - Pressure relieving devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Pressure relieving devices. 58.20-10 Section 58.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Refrigeration Machinery § 58.20-10 Pressure relieving devices. (a) Each...

  10. 46 CFR 58.20-10 - Pressure relieving devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Pressure relieving devices. 58.20-10 Section 58.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Refrigeration Machinery § 58.20-10 Pressure relieving devices. (a) Each...

  11. 46 CFR 58.20-10 - Pressure relieving devices.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Pressure relieving devices. 58.20-10 Section 58.20-10 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) MARINE ENGINEERING MAIN AND AUXILIARY MACHINERY AND RELATED SYSTEMS Refrigeration Machinery § 58.20-10 Pressure relieving devices. (a) Each...

  12. 49 CFR 192.201 - Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Design of Pipeline Components § 192.201 Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations. (a) Each pressure relief station or pressure limiting station or group of those stations installed to... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Required capacity of pressure relieving and...

  13. 49 CFR 192.201 - Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Design of Pipeline Components § 192.201 Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations. (a) Each pressure relief station or pressure limiting station or group of those stations installed to... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Required capacity of pressure relieving and...

  14. 49 CFR 192.201 - Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Design of Pipeline Components § 192.201 Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations. (a) Each pressure relief station or pressure limiting station or group of those stations installed to... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Required capacity of pressure relieving and...

  15. 49 CFR 192.201 - Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Design of Pipeline Components § 192.201 Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations. (a) Each pressure relief station or pressure limiting station or group of those stations installed to... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Required capacity of pressure relieving and...

  16. [Analysis on composition and medication regularities of prescriptions treating hypochondriac pain based on traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system inheritance support platform].

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yan-qing; Teng, Jing

    2015-03-01

    To analyze the composition and medication regularities of prescriptions treating hypochondriac pain in Chinese journal full-text database (CNKI) based on the traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support system, in order to provide a reference for further research and development for new traditional Chinese medicines treating hypochondriac pain. The traditional Chinese medicine inheritance support platform software V2. 0 was used to build a prescription database of Chinese medicines treating hypochondriac pain. The software integration data mining method was used to distribute prescriptions according to "four odors", "five flavors" and "meridians" in the database and achieve frequency statistics, syndrome distribution, prescription regularity and new prescription analysis. An analysis were made for 192 prescriptions treating hypochondriac pain to determine the frequencies of medicines in prescriptions, commonly used medicine pairs and combinations and summarize 15 new prescriptions. This study indicated that the prescriptions treating hypochondriac pain in Chinese journal full-text database are mostly those for soothing liver-qi stagnation, promoting qi and activating blood, clearing heat and promoting dampness, and invigorating spleen and removing phlem, with a cold property and bitter taste, and reflect the principles of "distinguish deficiency and excess and relieving pain by smoothening meridians" in treating hypochondriac pain.

  17. 31 CFR 585.521 - Donations of food to relieve human suffering authorized.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Donations of food to relieve human... Donations of food to relieve human suffering authorized. (a) Specific licenses may be issued on a case-by.... (b) In general, specific licenses will only be granted for donations of food to be provided through...

  18. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Atwater, Harry A.; Leite, Marina S.; Warmann, Emily C.

    A virtual substrate includes a handle support and a strain-relieved single crystalline layer on the handle support. A method of making the virtual substrate includes growing a coherently-strained single crystalline layer on an initial growth substrate, removing the initial growth substrate to relieve the strain on the single crystalline layer, and applying the strain-relieved single crystalline layer on a handle support.

  19. Stress corrosion evaluation of HP 9Ni-4Co-0.30C steel plate welds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Torres, Pablo D.

    1993-01-01

    A stress corrosion cracking (SCC) investigation was conducted on HP 9Ni-4Co-0.30C steel plate welds (welded by using straight polarity plasma arc and HP 9Ni-4Co-0.20C weld wire) since this material is being considered for use in the Advanced Solid Rocket Motor (ASRM) program. Prior to the welding, the material was double tempered at 538 C (1,000 F). After welding, only part of the material was stress relieved at 510 C (950 F) for 3 h. Round tensile specimens obtained from nonstress-relieved material were tested in 100-percent relative humidity at 38 C (100 F), in 3.5-percent NaCl alternate immersion, and in 5-percent salt spray at 35 C (95 F). Specimens obtained from stress-relieved material were tested in alternate immersion. The stress levels were 50, 75, and 90 percent of the corresponding 0.2-percent yield strength (YS). All the nonstress-relieved specimens exposed to salt spray and alternate immersion failed. Stress-relieved specimens (exposed to alternate immersion) failed at 75 and 90 percent of YS. No failures occurred at 50 percent of YS in the stress-relieved specimens which indicates a beneficial effect of the stress relief on the SCC resistance of these welds. The stress relief also had a positive effect on the mechanical properties of the welds (the most important being an increase of 21 percent on the YS). Under the conditions of these tests, the straight polarity plasma are welded HP 9Ni4Co-0.30C steel plate was found highly susceptible to SCC in the nonstress-relieved condition. This susceptibility to SCC was reduced by stress relieving.

  20. Past and Future Performance: PEPFAR in the Landscape of Foreign Aid for Health.

    PubMed

    Bendavid, Eran

    2016-10-01

    This review traces the course of the US President's Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR) as a foreign aid program. It illustrates how the epidemiologic and geopolitical environments of the early 2000s influenced PEPFAR's early directions and contributed to its successes. In addition to scaling up infrastructure and care delivery platforms, PEPFAR led to large increases in the number of people receiving antiretroviral therapy and reductions in mortality. These successes, in turn, have brought its principal challenges-its outsized budget, narrow focus, and problem of entitlement-into sharp relief. PEPFAR's recent evolution, then, has been in response to these challenges. This review suggests that PEPFAR's early formulation as an emergency response relieved it from a need to articulate clear goals, and that this freedom is now leading to new challenges as it struggles to identify priorities in the face of expectations to do more with a flat budget.

  1. Assessment of grid optimisation measures for the German transmission grid using open source grid data

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Böing, F.; Murmann, A.; Pellinger, C.; Bruckmeier, A.; Kern, T.; Mongin, T.

    2018-02-01

    The expansion of capacities in the German transmission grid is a necessity for further integration of renewable energy sources into the electricity sector. In this paper, the grid optimisation measures ‘Overhead Line Monitoring’, ‘Power-to-Heat’ and ‘Demand Response in the Industry’ are evaluated and compared against conventional grid expansion for the year 2030. Initially, the methodical approach of the simulation model is presented and detailed descriptions of the grid model and the used grid data, which partly originates from open-source platforms, are provided. Further, this paper explains how ‘Curtailment’ and ‘Redispatch’ can be reduced by implementing grid optimisation measures and how the depreciation of economic costs can be determined considering construction costs. The developed simulations show that the conventional grid expansion is more efficient and implies more grid relieving effects than the evaluated grid optimisation measures.

  2. Role of thermal processes in dewetting of epitaxial Ag(111) film on Si(111)

    DOE PAGES

    Sanders, Charlotte E.; Zhang, Chendong D.; Kellogg, Gary L.; ...

    2014-08-01

    Epitaxially grown silver (Ag) film on silicon (Si) is an optimal plasmonic device platform, but its technological utility has been limited by its tendency to dewet rapidly under ambient conditions (standard temperature and pressure). The mechanisms driving this dewetting have not heretofore been determined. In our study, scanning probe microscopy and low-energy electron microscopy are used to compare the morphological evolution of epitaxial Ag(111)/Si(111) under ambient conditions with that of similarly prepared films heated under ultra-high vacuum (UHV) conditions. Furthermore, dewetting is seen to be initiated with the formation of pinholes, which might function to relieve strain in the film.more » We find that in the UHV environment, dewetting is determined by thermal processes, and while under ambient conditions, thermal processes are not required. Finally, we conclude that dewetting in ambient conditions is triggered by some chemical process, most likely oxidation.« less

  3. Reviewing the Literature on the Effectiveness of Pressure Relieving Movements

    PubMed Central

    Stinson, May

    2013-01-01

    Sitting for prolonged periods of time increases seating interface pressures, which is known to increase the risk of developing pressure ulcers. Those at risk of developing pressure ulcers are advised to perform pressure relieving movements such as “pushups” or “forward leans” in order to reduce the duration and magnitude of pressure acting on the vulnerable ischial tuberosity region. The aim of this review was to synthesize and critique the existing literature investigating the effectiveness of pressure relieving movements on seating interface pressures. The twenty-seven articles included in this paper highlight the need for further research investigating the effect of recommended pressure relieving movements on the pressures around the ischial tuberosities. Furthermore, this review found that the majority of individuals at risk of developing pressure ulcers do not adhere with the pressure relieving frequency or magnitude of movements currently recommended, indicating a need for pressure ulcer prevention to be explored further. PMID:23365733

  4. [Theory analysis and clinical application of spirit-regulating and pain-relieving acupuncture method].

    PubMed

    Chen, Liang; Tang, Lewei; Du, Huaibin; Zheng, Hui; Liang, Fanrong

    2015-04-01

    The theoretical foundation and scientific connotation of spirit-regulating and pain-relieving acupuncture method as well as its clinical application for pain are discussed. During spirit regulation, attention should be paid on regulating heart and brain, while acupoints should be selected mainly from the Heart Meridian, Pericardium Meridian and Governor Vessel. It has significant efficacy for refractory pain in clinical treatment. Spirit-regulating and pain-relieving acupuncture method is development of acupuncture treating spirit, and it is an important method for pain in clinic. Improvement on sensitization of pain center and brain function is considered as one of the mechanisms in spirit-regulating and pain-relieving acupuncture method.

  5. Implementing the PAIN RelieveIt Randomized Controlled Trial in Hospice Care: Mechanisms for Success and Meeting PCORI Methodology Standards.

    PubMed

    Ezenwa, Miriam O; Suarez, Marie L; Carrasco, Jesus D; Hipp, Theresa; Gill, Anayza; Miller, Jacob; Shea, Robert; Shuey, David; Zhao, Zhongsheng; Angulo, Veronica; McCurry, Timothy; Martin, Joanna; Yao, Yingwei; Molokie, Robert E; Wang, Zaijie Jim; Wilkie, Diana J

    2017-07-01

    This purpose of this article is to describe how we adhere to the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute's (PCORI) methodology standards relevant to the design and implementation of our PCORI-funded study, the PAIN RelieveIt Trial. We present details of the PAIN RelieveIt Trial organized by the PCORI methodology standards and components that are relevant to our study. The PAIN RelieveIt Trial adheres to four PCORI standards and 21 subsumed components. The four standards include standards for formulating research questions, standards associated with patient centeredness, standards for data integrity and rigorous analyses, and standards for preventing and handling missing data. In the past 24 months, we screened 2,837 cancer patients and their caregivers; 874 dyads were eligible; 223.5 dyads consented and provided baseline data. Only 55 patients were lost to follow-up-a 25% attrition rate. The design and implementation of the PAIN RelieveIt Trial adhered to PCORI's methodology standards for research rigor.

  6. [Development of cough-relieving herbal teas].

    PubMed

    Puodziūniene, Gene; Janulis, Valdimaras; Milasius, Arvydas; Budnikas, Vytautas

    2005-01-01

    Cough-relieving medicinal herbs in tea are used from ancient times. Mucilage present in them or secretion produced under the influence of the active substances covers the oral and throat mucosa soothing its irritability and relieving dry, tiresome cough. It is known that the mixtures of medicinal herbs (Specias) have a complex influence on the human organism and the rational combination of medicinal herbs can improve their curative action and decrease the undesirable side effects. Having summarized the properties of those medicinal herbs we decided to create two formulations of cough-relieving herbal tea. The first formulation consists of marshmallow roots, liquorice roots and lime flowers, the second -- of marshmallow roots, Iceland moss and lime flowers. The methods for identification and assay of the active substances in the compounds were applied. The purity of the mixtures was regulated by limitation of the loss on drying, total ash, microbial contamination, contamination with radionuclides, heavy metals, pesticides and foreign matter. The expiry date of both cough-relieving herbal teas was approved to be 2 years.

  7. Method of forming a stress relieved amorphous tetrahedrally-coordinated carbon film

    DOEpatents

    Friedmann, Thomas A.; Sullivan, John P.

    2000-01-01

    A stress-relieved amorphous-diamond film is formed by depositing an amorphous diamond film with specific atomic structure and bonding on to a substrate, and annealing the film at sufficiently high temperature to relieve the compressive stress in said film without significantly softening said film. The maximum annealing temperature is preferably on the order of 650.degree. C., a much lower value than is expected from the annealing behavior of other materials.

  8. Getting the Best Value in a Source Selection

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-12-01

    leadership, for both civilian and military program managers . Army COL James C. Mills relieved COL Gary D. Stephens as project manager for the...Precision Fires Rocket and Missile Systems (PFRMS) on July 15. COL William D. Jackson relieved COL Thomas H. Todd as project manager for Utility...Helicopters (UH) on July 15. COL Shane N. Fullmer relieved COL John Cavedo, Jr. as project manager for Joint Program Office, Joint Light Tactical Vehicles

  9. Electrical and mechanical characteristics of fully transparent IZO thin-film transistors on stress-relieving bendable substrates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Park, Sukhyung; Cho, Kyoungah; Oh, Hyungon; Kim, Sangsig

    2016-10-01

    In this study, we report the electrical and mechanical characteristics of fully transparent indium zinc oxide (IZO) thin-film transistors (TFTs) fabricated on stress-relieving bendable substrates. An IZO TFT on a stress-relieving substrate can operate normally at a bending radius of 6 mm, while an IZO TFT on a normal plastic substrate fails to operate normally at a bending radius of 15 mm. A plastic island with high Young's modulus embedded on a soft elastomer layer with low Young's modulus plays the role of a stress-relieving substrate for the operation of the bent IZO TFT. The stress and strain distributions over the IZO TFT will be analyzed in detail in this paper.

  10. Escaping the Adverse Impacts of NSAIDs on Tooth Movement During Orthodontics: Current Evidence Based on a Meta-Analysis.

    PubMed

    Fang, Jie; Li, Yifei; Zhang, Keke; Zhao, Zhihe; Mei, Li

    2016-04-01

    Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly used to relieve pain during orthodontic treatments; however, the possible inhibition of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) by NSAIDs has been debated. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some commonly used NSAIDs on OTM during orthodontic treatments. A review of the literature identified relevant studies up to August 2014. A meta-analysis was performed following the guidelines of the Cochrane review group and the PRISMA statement. Studies were identified by searching PUBMED, EMBASE, Web of Science, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and the WHO Clinical Trials Registry Platform. Meta-analysis was performed in a fixed/random-effect model using Revman 5.1.1.Five studies, including 128 subjects and 3 main NSAIDs (celecoxib, acetaminophen, and aspirin), were included for quantitative synthesis and analysis. Celecoxib did not inhibit OTM except with middle-term use (2-3 weeks) (95% CI [-6.47 to -0.43], P = 0.03). Acetaminophen did not inhibit OTM except with long-term use (>1 month) and low-dose use (∼100 mg/kg per day), (95% CI [-2.96 to -0.78], P = 0.0008; 95%CI [-2.42, -0.46], P = 0.004; respectively). Aspirin was found to inhibit OTM (95%CI [-2.40 to -0.64], P = 0.0008). Our systematic review with meta-analysis suggests that aspirin might inhibit OTM in rat models, whereas the short-term (<1 week) use of celecoxib and acetaminophen for relieving orthodontic pain would not inhibit OTM. Well-designed human research should be completed before a solid conclusion can be reached.

  11. Stomach Disorders

    MedlinePlus

    ... stomach at one time or another. Indigestion and heartburn are common problems. You can relieve some stomach ... you have a bowel movement Severe abdominal pain Heartburn not relieved by antacids Unintended weight loss Ongoing ...

  12. Choline Magnesium Trisalicylate

    MedlinePlus

    Choline magnesium trisalicylate is used to relieve the pain, tenderness, inflammation (swelling), and stiffness caused by arthritis ... also used to relieve pain and lower fever. Choline magnesium trisalicylate is in a class of nonsteroidal ...

  13. Etodolac

    MedlinePlus

    Etodolac tablets, capsules, and extended-release (long-acting) tablets are used to relieve pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness caused ... swelling of the lining of the joints). Etodolac tablets and capsules are also used to relieve pain ...

  14. Butabarbital

    MedlinePlus

    ... staying asleep). It is also used to relieve anxiety, including anxiety before surgery. Butabarbital is in a class of ... for sleep. When butabarbital is used to relieve anxiety before surgery, it is usually taken 60 to ...

  15. Intracutaneous sterile water for back pain in labour.

    PubMed Central

    Reynolds, J. L.

    1994-01-01

    Intracutaneous sterile water appears to be a simple, effective, and harmless technique for relieving back pain. This technique has been used to relieve pain of renal colic, whiplash, and back pain in labour. Family doctors often practise obstetrics in small or isolated units that have limited options for pain relief in labour. This technique is simple, is easy to learn, and appears effective for relieving back pain, which complicates about one third of all labours. Images Figures 1-2 Figures 3-4 PMID:7950471

  16. Diclofenac Topical (osteoarthritis pain)

    MedlinePlus

    ... gel (Voltaren) is used to relieve pain from osteoarthritis (arthritis caused by a breakdown of the lining ... Diclofenac topical liquid (Pennsaid) is used to relieve osteoarthritis pain in the knees. Diclofenac is in a ...

  17. Hemorrhoids

    MedlinePlus

    ... ice packs to relieve swelling. Use acetaminophen (1 brand name: Tylenol), ibuprofen (1 brand name: Motrin), or aspirin to help relieve pain. ... Childbirth Women Men Seniors Your Health Resources Healthcare Management End-of-Life Issues Insurance & Bills Self Care ...

  18. Topical Pain Relievers May Cause Burns

    MedlinePlus

    ... and joint pain relievers containing the active ingredients menthol, methyl salicylate and capsaicin. These cases were uncovered ... of people who purchase these products, Tan notes. Menthol, methyl salicylate and capsaicin create sensations of local ...

  19. SVC obstruction

    MedlinePlus

    The goal of treatment is to relieve the blockage. Diuretics (water pills) or steroids (anti-inflammtory drugs) may be used to temporarily relieve swelling . Other treatment options may include radiation or chemotherapy to shrink the tumor, or surgery to ...

  20. Non-prescribed use of pain relievers among adolescents in the United States.

    PubMed

    Wu, Li-Tzy; Pilowsky, Daniel J; Patkar, Ashwin A

    2008-04-01

    We examined gender-specific prevalences, patterns, and correlates of non-prescribed use of pain relievers - mainly opioids - in a representative sample of American adolescents (N=18,678). Data were drawn from the public use data file of the 2005 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a survey of non-institutionalized American household residents. The patterns of non-prescribed use of prescription pain relievers were examined, and logistic regression procedures were conducted to identify correlates of non-prescribed use. Approximately one in 10 adolescents aged 12-17 years reported non-prescribed use of pain relievers in their lifetime (9.3% in males and 10.3% in females). The mean age of first non-prescribed use was 13.3 years, which was similar to the mean age of first use of alcohol and marijuana but older than the age of first inhalant use. Among all non-prescribed users, 52% reported having used hydrocodone products (Vicodin, Lortab, Lorcet, and Lorcet Plus, and hydrocodone), 50% had used propoxyphene (Darvocet or Darvon) or codeine (Tylenol with codeine), and 24% had used oxycodone products (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan, and Tylox). Approximately one quarter (26%) of all non-prescribed users had never used other non-prescribed or illicit drugs. There were gender variations in correlates of non-prescribed use. Use of non-prescribed pain relievers occurs early in adolescence. Research is needed to understand whether early use of non-prescribed pain relievers is related to later drug use.

  1. Inheritable Silencing of Endogenous Genes by Hit-and-Run Targeted Epigenetic Editing.

    PubMed

    Amabile, Angelo; Migliara, Alessandro; Capasso, Paola; Biffi, Mauro; Cittaro, Davide; Naldini, Luigi; Lombardo, Angelo

    2016-09-22

    Gene silencing is instrumental to interrogate gene function and holds promise for therapeutic applications. Here, we repurpose the endogenous retroviruses' silencing machinery of embryonic stem cells to stably silence three highly expressed genes in somatic cells by epigenetics. This was achieved by transiently expressing combinations of engineered transcriptional repressors that bind to and synergize at the target locus to instruct repressive histone marks and de novo DNA methylation, thus ensuring long-term memory of the repressive epigenetic state. Silencing was highly specific, as shown by genome-wide analyses, sharply confined to the targeted locus without spreading to nearby genes, resistant to activation induced by cytokine stimulation, and relieved only by targeted DNA demethylation. We demonstrate the portability of this technology by multiplex gene silencing, adopting different DNA binding platforms and interrogating thousands of genomic loci in different cell types, including primary T lymphocytes. Targeted epigenome editing might have broad application in research and medicine. Copyright © 2016 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  2. Demonstration of precise estimation of polar motion parameters with the global positioning system: Initial results

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lichten, S. M.

    1991-01-01

    Data from the Global Positioning System (GPS) were used to determine precise polar motion estimates. Conservatively calculated formal errors of the GPS least squares solution are approx. 10 cm. The GPS estimates agree with independently determined polar motion values from very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at the 5 cm level. The data were obtained from a partial constellation of GPS satellites and from a sparse worldwide distribution of ground stations. The accuracy of the GPS estimates should continue to improve as more satellites and ground receivers become operational, and eventually a near real time GPS capability should be available. Because the GPS data are obtained and processed independently from the large radio antennas at the Deep Space Network (DSN), GPS estimation could provide very precise measurements of Earth orientation for calibration of deep space tracking data and could significantly relieve the ever growing burden on the DSN radio telescopes to provide Earth platform calibrations.

  3. Treatment Option Overview (Thyroid Cancer)

    MedlinePlus

    ... cancer, but can relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Treatment may include the following: For tumors that ... palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Chemotherapy . A clinical trial of a targeted therapy . ...

  4. Stages of Thyroid Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... cancer, but can relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Treatment may include the following: For tumors that ... palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Chemotherapy . A clinical trial of a targeted therapy . ...

  5. NIH Pain Consortium

    MedlinePlus

    ... Did You Know? Infographics on Pain Topics Resource Library Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory Pain Registries IOM Report: Relieving Pain ... Did You Know? Infographics on Pain Topics Resource Library Health Care Systems Research Collaboratory Pain Registries IOM Report: Relieving Pain ...

  6. Correlates of Abusing and Misusing Over-the-Counter Pain Relievers Among Adult Population of Wrocław (Poland).

    PubMed

    Wójta-Kempa, Monika; Krzyżanowski, Dominik M

    2016-01-01

    Almost 90% of households in Poland buy medicines on their own initiative. The most popular OTC medicines bought by Polish consumers are painkillers and non-steroid-anti-inflammatory drugs. The aim of this article was to recognize and describe the most important predictive factors of the abuse and misuse of over-the-counter pain relievers among adults in Wrocław (Poland). The groups of users were selected and described. Some examples of misuse were analyzed. Three hundred eighty six adult inhabitants of Wrocław took part in the survey. The quota sample was representative referring to the most important socio-demographic factors (sex and median age). Almost 91% of participants declare taking OTC pain relievers, and 1.3% of them are their daily users. Only 6.2% of adult inhabitants of Wrocław never take OTC pain relievers. The category of "heavy users" embraces 11% of participants. The most important risk factors of overusing OTC pain relievers are sex (female), age over 55 years and the low health status. Only half of participants read the box label regularly and 25% of users admit they have modified recommended doses. Over 60% shortened recommended intervals between doses and 16% took two or more different pain medications (containing different substances). The non-medical purposes of using OTC pain relievers were: tiredness (7%), stressful situations (5.4%), and discomfort (18.4%). Some users take pain medications to cure hangovers (26%), or instead of the appropriate medicine (7%). About 20% take pain medications without a doctor's advice for longer than the recommended 3 days, and 10% never consult taking such medications with doctors. Pain should be treated aggressively and successfully, especially among chronically ill patients. We should monitor the consumption of OTC pain relievers and limit their current excessively supply and high availability.

  7. Needs Assessment of a Major Metropolitan Reliever Airport

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1998-01-01

    In November and December of 1994, investigators from Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, conducted a survey of based-users and transient-users of Palwaukee Municipal Airport of Wheeling, Illinois. Palwaukee is designated as a reliever airport b...

  8. Treatment Options by Stage (Thyroid Cancer)

    MedlinePlus

    ... cancer, but can relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Treatment may include the following: For tumors that ... palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Chemotherapy . A clinical trial of a targeted therapy . ...

  9. Know Concentration Before Giving Acetaminophen to Infants

    MedlinePlus

    ... Pain Reliever and Triaminic Infants’ Syrup Fever Reducer Pain Reliever. There are also store brands on the shelves. December 22, 2011 ... or Cold Don't Need Medicines Codeine and Tramadol Can Cause Breathing Problems for Children Reducing Fever ...

  10. Interventions for heartburn in pregnancy

    PubMed Central

    Neilson, James P

    2014-01-01

    Background Heartburn is a common symptom in pregnancy affecting up to 80% of women in the third trimester. The reasons for the increase in symptoms in pregnancy are not well understood, but the effects of pregnancy hormones on the lower oesophageal sphincter and gastric clearance are thought to play a part. A range of interventions have been used to relieve symptoms including advice on diet and lifestyle, antacids, antihistamines, and proton pump inhibitors. The safety and effectiveness of these interventions to relieve heartburn in pregnancy have not been established. Objectives To assess the effect of interventions to relieve heartburn in pregnancy. Search methods We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group’s Trials Register (April 2008). We updated this search on 10 November 2012 and added the results to the awaiting classification section of the review. Selection criteria We included randomised controlled trials evaluating interventions to relieve heartburn. Data collection and analysis We assessed eligibility for inclusion and extracted data independently. Main results Three studies were eligible for inclusion, together they included a total of 286 women. All three were placebo controlled trials, each examining a different medication to relieve heartburn (intramuscular prostigmine, an antacid preparation and an antacid plus ranitidine). All three produced positive findings in favour of the intervention groups. It was not possible to pool findings from studies to produce an overall treatment effect. Authors’ conclusions There was little information to draw conclusions on the overall effectiveness of interventions to relieve heartburn in pregnancy. [Note: the two citations in the awaiting classification section of the review may alter the conclusions of the review once assessed.] PMID:18843742

  11. Stages of Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome

    MedlinePlus

    ... usually palliative , to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Patients with early stage disease may live many ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Sometimes, total skin electron beam (TSEB) radiation therapy ...

  12. Using Alcohol to Relieve Your Pain: What Are the Risks?

    MedlinePlus

    ... neuropathy, the most common neurologic complication associated with alcoholism. If you use alcohol to relieve your pain, ... Into Health ® National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism www.niaaa.nih.gov • 301.443.3860 Updated ...

  13. Treatment Options by Stage (Mycosis Fungoides and the Sezary Syndrome)

    MedlinePlus

    ... usually palliative , to relieve symptoms and improve the quality of life . Patients with early stage disease may live many ... as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Sometimes, total skin electron beam (TSEB) radiation therapy ...

  14. Misuse of Prescription Pain Relievers: The Buzz Takes Your Breath Away. Permanently.

    MedlinePlus

    ... parents, doctors, relatives, teachers, or school guidance counselors. Substance abuse ruins lives. Don't let it happen to ... is hooked on prescription pain relievers, call the substance abuse treatment 24-hour helpline: 1.800.662.HELP ...

  15. Review of interventions to relieve postpartum pain from perineal trauma.

    PubMed

    Petersen, Melanie Robin

    2011-01-01

    As an increased risk for infection and potentially significant source of pain, perineal trauma can negatively impact a mother's postpartum recovery. A variety of nursing interventions aimed at relieving perineal pain are largely based on localized cooling. Unfortunately, these interventions may not follow best practice for providing adequate pain relief or preventing perineal postpartum infection. This article provides a review of the literature related to utilizing localized cooling for postpartum perineal pain relief, suggests clinical guidelines for safe implementation of these measures, and calls for further research for evidence of nursing interventions to relieve pain caused by perineal trauma.

  16. Outcomes of isolated glenoid labral injuries in professional baseball pitchers.

    PubMed

    Cerynik, Douglas L; Ewald, Timothy J; Sastry, Akhilesh; Amin, Nirav H; Liao, Jason G; Tom, James A

    2008-05-01

    Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers who return to competition after labral surgery show a decline in their pitching performance. Retrospective cohort. Tertiary institution. MLB starting or relief pitchers with isolated glenoid labral injuries. Open or arthroscopic surgical repair of isolated glenoid labral injuries. Individual statistics were reviewed for 42 MLB pitchers who underwent surgical repair of isolated glenoid labral injuries of their throwing shoulder between 1998 and 2003. Pertinent statistical data, including earned run average (ERA), innings pitched (IP), and walks plus hits per inning pitched (WHIP), were obtained for all players and compared before and after surgery. These statistics were evaluated for an association with demographic factors, pitching role, and rehabilitation time. A total of 42 MLB pitchers (26 starters, 16 relievers) were included in the study with an average age of 27.5 years for starters and 29.9 years for relievers at injury time. There were 30 right-handed pitchers and 12 left-handed pitchers. In all, 69% of pitchers returned postoperatively to MLB for at least one season; 29% pitched for three seasons or more. For both relievers and starters, there was no statistically significant postoperative change in ERA or WHIP at 1 and 3 years. Starters had significantly decreased IP at 1 year, but not at 3 years. Relievers had no significant change in IP at 1 year postoperatively, but IP were significantly decreased at 3 years. Relievers missed less time after surgery than did starters (11.4 vs. 18.4 months). Most pitchers who were able to return to competition after surgery showed insignificant changes in ERA and WHIP and significant decreases in IP. Age, MLB experience, and pitching role as a reliever were the most significant factors related to a successful return after surgery.

  17. Carpal Tunnel Exercises: Can They Relieve Symptoms?

    MedlinePlus

    ... relieve symptoms, such as pain and numbness. These exercises are most effective when combined with other treatments, such as behavior changes or wrist splints, for mild to moderate carpal tunnel syndrome. If your symptoms ... exercises — one type of carpal tunnel exercise — might help ...

  18. Complex Regional Pain Syndrome

    MedlinePlus

    ... an anesthetic (pain reliever) into certain nerves. This blocks the pain signals. If the injection relieves the pain, it may be repeated. It is not a cure. Sympathectomy of the injured nerve. A surgeon will cut or clamp the nerve chain. This has been reported to improve pain caused ...

  19. INTERIOR DETAIL, SECONDSTORY JOISTS, SUBFLOORING, AND FIREPLACE HEARTH RELIEVING ARCH. ...

    Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

    INTERIOR DETAIL, SECOND-STORY JOISTS, SUBFLOORING, AND FIREPLACE HEARTH RELIEVING ARCH. THESE FEATURES WERE MADE VISIBLE AFTER A 2002 FAILURE OF WHAT WAS LIKELY THE ORIGINAL EIGHTEENTH-CENTURY CEILING PLASTER IN THE SOUTHWEST CABINET - The Woodlands, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

  20. Surgical resection of duodenal lymphangiectasia: A case report

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Chih-Ping; Chao, Yee; Li, Chung-Pin; Lo, Wen-Ching; Wu, Chew-Wun; Tsay, Shyh-Haw; Lee, Rheun-Chuan; Chang, Full-Young

    2003-01-01

    Intestinal lymphangiectasia, characterized by dilatation of intestinal lacteals, is rare. The major treatment for primary intestinal lymphangiectasia is dietary modification. Surgery to relieve symptoms and to clarify the etiology should be considered when medical treatment failed. This article reports a 49-year-old woman of solitary duodenal lymphangiectasia, who presented with epigastralgia and anemia. Her symptoms persisted with medical treatment. Surgery was finally performed to relieve the symptoms and to exclude the existence of underlying etiologies, with satisfactory effect. In conclusion, duodenal lymphangiectasia can present clinically as epigastralgia and chronic blood loss. Surgical resection may be resorted to relieve pain, control bleeding, and exclude underlying diseases in some patients. PMID:14669360

  1. Korean Emotional Laborers' Job Stressors and Relievers: Focus on Work Conditions and Emotional Labor Properties.

    PubMed

    Lee, Garam

    2015-12-01

    The present study aims to investigate job stressors and stress relievers for Korean emotional laborers, specifically focusing on the effects of work conditions and emotional labor properties. Emotional laborers are asked to hide or distort their real emotions in their interaction with clients. They are exposed to high levels of stress in the emotional labor process, which leads to serious mental health risks including burnout, depression, and even suicide impulse. Exploring job stressors and relieving factors would be the first step in seeking alternatives to protect emotional laborers from those mental health risks. Using the third wave data of Korean Working Conditions Survey, logistic regression analysis was conducted for two purposes: to examine the relations of emotional labor and stress, and to find out job stressors and relievers for emotional laborers. The chances of stress arousal are 3.5 times higher for emotional laborers; emotional laborers experience double risk-burden for stress arousal. In addition to general job stressors, emotional laborers need to bear burdens related to emotional labor properties. The effect of social support at the workplace is not significant for stress relief, unlike common assumptions, whereas subjective satisfaction (wage satisfaction and work-life balance) is proven to have relieving effects on emotional laborers' job stress. From the results, the importance of a balanced understanding of emotional labor for establishing effective policies for emotional laborer protection is stressed.

  2. Effects of a continuous lateral turning device on pressure relief.

    PubMed

    Do, Nam Ho; Kim, Deog Young; Kim, Jung-Hoon; Choi, Jong Hyun; Joo, So Young; Kang, Na Kyung; Baek, Yoon Su

    2016-01-01

    [Purpose] The purpose of this study was to examine the pressure-relieving effects of a continuous lateral turning device on common pressure ulcer sites. [Subjects] Twenty-four healthy adults participated. [Methods] The design of our continuous lateral turning device was motivated by the need for an adequate pressure-relieving device for immobile and/or elderly people. The procedure of manual repositioning is embodied in our continuous lateral turning device. The interface pressure and time were measured, and comfort grade was evaluated during sessions of continuous lateral turning at 0°, 15°, 30°, and 45°. We quantified the pressure-relieving effect using peak pressure, mean pressure, and pressure time integration. [Results] Participants demonstrated pressure time integration values below the pressure-time threshold at 15°, 30°, and 45° at all the common pressure ulcer sites. Moreover, the most effective angles for pressure relief at the common pressure ulcer sites were 30° at the occiput, 15° at the left scapula, 45° at the right scapula, 45° at the sacrum, 15° at the right heel, and 30° at the left heel. However, angles greater than 30° induced discomfort. [Conclusion] Continuous lateral turning with our specially designed device effectively relieved the pressure of targeted sites. Moreover, the suggested angles of continuous lateral turning can be used to relieve pressure at targeted sites.

  3. Prescription Pain Reliever Abuse and Dependence among Adolescents: A Nationally Representative Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wu, Li-Tzy; Ringwalt, Christopher L.; Mannelli, Paolo; Patkar, Ashwin A.

    2008-01-01

    The study investigates the prevalence, patterns, and correlates of adolescents' abuse, sub-threshold dependence, and dependence on prescription pain relievers (PPRs) in a nationally representative sample. Results show dependence on PPRs can take place without abuse and that sub-threshold dependence could have implications for major diagnostic…

  4. United States Coast Guard: Officer Corps Military Professional Development Program

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-06-10

    captain relieved of command after viewing porn on computer,‖ 10 July 2010, http://www.thenewstribune.com/2010/07/ 10/1259108/portland-coast-guard...Coast Guard captain relieved of command after viewing porn on computer,‖ 10 July 2010. http://www.thenewstribune.com/2010/07/ 10/1259108/portland

  5. 49 CFR 173.158 - Nitric acid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ...” following the steel designation on containers subject to stress relieving or heat treatment during... nitric acid, the following are permissible: (A) Type 304 heat-treated (quenched in water at 1040 °C (1900 °F)), (B) Stabilized Type 347 in the as-welded condition, (C) Stabilized Type 347 stress-relieved...

  6. 49 CFR 173.158 - Nitric acid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...” following the steel designation on containers subject to stress relieving or heat treatment during... nitric acid, the following are permissible: (A) Type 304 heat-treated (quenched in water at 1040 °C (1900 °F)), (B) Stabilized Type 347 in the as-welded condition, (C) Stabilized Type 347 stress-relieved...

  7. 49 CFR 173.158 - Nitric acid.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ...” following the steel designation on containers subject to stress relieving or heat treatment during... nitric acid, the following are permissible: (A) Type 304 heat-treated (quenched in water at 1040 °C (1900 °F)), (B) Stabilized Type 347 in the as-welded condition, (C) Stabilized Type 347 stress-relieved...

  8. Kinetic mechanism of an aldehyde reductase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae that relieves toxicity of furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    An effective means of relieving the toxicity of furan aldehydes, furfural (FFA) and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), on fermenting organisms is essential for achieving efficient fermentation of lignocellulosic biomass to ethanol and other products. Ari1p, an aldehyde reductase from Saccharomyces cerev...

  9. Evaluating selection and efficacy of pressure-relieving equipment.

    PubMed

    Chaloner, Donna; Stevens, Jenny

    2003-06-01

    The drive towards evidence-based practice has highlighted the lack of randomized controlled trials that compare interventions such as pressure-relieving medical devices. This may influence practitioners, particularly purchasing practitioners, to consider other types of evidence when appraising literature to determine clinical practice and support recommendations and local guidelines. This article will illustrate the development of an audit tool used to evaluate nurses' knowledge and skills in patient assessment, selection and installation of appropriate pressure-relieving equipment. The tool also assists in assessing clinical effectiveness and user satisfaction of equipment. This article focuses on a small audit of the Karomed Ltd Transair 1500 (also known as the 3-Comm) mattress replacement system.

  10. A case of gait disturbance caused by low-dose gabapentin

    PubMed Central

    Kanao-Kanda, Megumi; Kanda, Hirotsugu; Takahata, Osamu; Kunisawa, Takayuki

    2016-01-01

    Gabapentin, an anticonvulsant agent, is now often used for the treatment of neuropathic pain all over the world. It is unclear whether the combined use of gabapentin, sodium valproate, and flunitrazepam results in enhancement of the side effect, a gait disturbance. A 60-year-old man was taking oral sodium valproate for symptomatic epilepsy after a brain contusion and flunitrazepam to relieve insomnia. Oral gabapentin therapy was started for suspected neuropathic pain. Although the initial dose of oral gabapentin (200 mg) relieved the pain, the lower extremities became weak, resulting in a gait disturbance. The therapy was restarted with a halved dose, and this resolved the gait disturbance and relieved the pain. PMID:27354808

  11. Novel technique for relieving anastomotic tension using halo-vest immobilization after tracheal sleeve resection.

    PubMed

    Imai, Kazuhiro; Minamiya, Yoshihiro; Saito, Hajime; Miyakoshi, Naohisa; Hongo, Michio; Kasukawa, Yuji; Ishikawa, Yoshinori; Motoyama, Satoru; Sato, Yusuke; Shimada, Yoichi; Ogawa, Jun-ichi

    2013-07-01

    We describe a novel technique of using halo-vest-enforced immobilization to relieve anastomotic tension after tracheal sleeve resection. Immediately after the tracheal sleeve resection, four halo titanium pins were inserted in the skulls of the patients to secure the halo-vest. All patients fitted with halo-vests were able to eat and drink and their clinical course was good. Bronchoscopy confirmed the absence of anastomotic leaks and stenoses, and there were no complications associated with the halo-vest. We believe that ensuring neck flexion using a halo-vest after tracheal sleeve resection is an excellent way of relieving anastomotic tension that would predispose the wound to dehiscence.

  12. 49 CFR 192.201 - Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Design of Pipeline Components § 192.201 Required capacity of pressure relieving and limiting stations. (a) Each pressure relief station or pressure limiting station or group of those stations installed to... part of the pipeline or distribution system in excess of those for which it was designed, or against...

  13. 21 CFR 349.75 - Labeling of ophthalmic vasoconstrictor drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... “redness reliever” or “vasoconstrictor (redness reliever)” (select one of the following: “eye” or... the heading “Indications,” the following phrase: “Relieves redness of the eye due to minor eye....18: (1) “If you experience eye pain, changes in vision, continued redness or irritation of the eye...

  14. 21 CFR 349.75 - Labeling of ophthalmic vasoconstrictor drug products.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... “redness reliever” or “vasoconstrictor (redness reliever)” (select one of the following: “eye” or... the heading “Indications,” the following phrase: “Relieves redness of the eye due to minor eye....18: (1) “If you experience eye pain, changes in vision, continued redness or irritation of the eye...

  15. Directing traffic on DNA-How transcription factors relieve or induce transcriptional interference.

    PubMed

    Hao, Nan; Palmer, Adam C; Dodd, Ian B; Shearwin, Keith E

    2017-03-15

    Transcriptional interference (TI) is increasingly recognized as a widespread mechanism of gene control, particularly given the pervasive nature of transcription, both sense and antisense, across all kingdoms of life. Here, we discuss how transcription factor binding kinetics strongly influence the ability of a transcription factor to relieve or induce TI.

  16. 21 CFR 868.5115 - Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction. 868.5115 Section 868.5115 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5115 Device to...

  17. 21 CFR 868.5115 - Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction. 868.5115 Section 868.5115 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5115 Device to...

  18. 21 CFR 868.5115 - Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction. 868.5115 Section 868.5115 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICAL DEVICES ANESTHESIOLOGY DEVICES Therapeutic Devices § 868.5115 Device to...

  19. 29 CFR 790.4 - Liability of employer; effect of contract, custom, or practice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., this section relieves the employer from certain liabilities or punishments to which he might otherwise... by such employee is relieved from liability or punishment therefor if, and only if, such activities... an employer of liability or punishment only with respect to activities of the kind described, which...

  20. 29 CFR 790.4 - Liability of employer; effect of contract, custom, or practice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., this section relieves the employer from certain liabilities or punishments to which he might otherwise... by such employee is relieved from liability or punishment therefor if, and only if, such activities... an employer of liability or punishment only with respect to activities of the kind described, which...

  1. 29 CFR 790.4 - Liability of employer; effect of contract, custom, or practice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., this section relieves the employer from certain liabilities or punishments to which he might otherwise... by such employee is relieved from liability or punishment therefor if, and only if, such activities... an employer of liability or punishment only with respect to activities of the kind described, which...

  2. 29 CFR 790.4 - Liability of employer; effect of contract, custom, or practice.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., this section relieves the employer from certain liabilities or punishments to which he might otherwise... by such employee is relieved from liability or punishment therefor if, and only if, such activities... an employer of liability or punishment only with respect to activities of the kind described, which...

  3. The relieving effects of shelter modes on physiological stress of traffic police in summer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zheng, G. Z.; Wang, Y. J.; Bu, W. T.; Lu, Y. Z.; Li, Ke; Li, Z. H.

    2018-03-01

    In summer, high temperature and strong sun radiation last for a long time. However, traffic police still stick to their positions to ensure normal traffic order. Therefore, the health and safety of traffic police are challenged by the high temperature weather. To protect the safety of the traffic police in the outdoor high temperature environment, some shelter modes, such as sun hat and sun umbrella are selected for duty traffic police. The relieving effects on the physiological stress of the shelter modes are analyzed by comparison of the physiological parameters in these shelter modes. The results show that sun umbrella has a good effect on relieving physiological stress. And sun hat has no effect on relieving physiological stress, although it avoids the direct sunlight on the face. However, it causes the increase of the thermal sensation. This study can provide important methods for health protecting of traffic police in the outdoor high temperature environment. It also provides a theoretical support for the revision of the outdoor high temperature labour protection standard.

  4. Organisms for biofuel production: natural bioresources and methodologies for improving their biosynthetic potentials.

    PubMed

    Hu, Guangrong; Ji, Shiqi; Yu, Yanchong; Wang, Shi'an; Zhou, Gongke; Li, Fuli

    2015-01-01

    In order to relieve the pressure of energy supply and environment contamination that humans are facing, there are now intensive worldwide efforts to explore natural bioresources for production of energy storage compounds, such as lipids, alcohols, hydrocarbons, and polysaccharides. Around the world, many plants have been evaluated and developed as feedstock for bioenergy production, among which several crops have successfully achieved industrialization. Microalgae are another group of photosynthetic autotroph of interest due to their superior growth rates, relatively high photosynthetic conversion efficiencies, and vast metabolic capabilities. Heterotrophic microorganisms, such as yeast and bacteria, can utilize carbohydrates from lignocellulosic biomass directly or after pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis to produce liquid biofuels such as ethanol and butanol. Although finding a suitable organism for biofuel production is not easy, many naturally occurring organisms with good traits have recently been obtained. This review mainly focuses on the new organism resources discovered in the last 5 years for production of transport fuels (biodiesel, gasoline, jet fuel, and alkanes) and hydrogen, and available methods to improve natural organisms as platforms for the production of biofuels.

  5. Systems biology of meridians, acupoints, and chinese herbs in disease.

    PubMed

    Lin, Li-Ling; Wang, Ya-Hui; Lai, Chi-Yu; Chau, Chan-Lao; Su, Guan-Chin; Yang, Chun-Yi; Lou, Shu-Ying; Chen, Szu-Kai; Hsu, Kuan-Hao; Lai, Yen-Ling; Wu, Wei-Ming; Huang, Jian-Long; Liao, Chih-Hsin; Juan, Hsueh-Fen

    2012-01-01

    Meridians, acupoints, and Chinese herbs are important components of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). They have been used for disease treatment and prevention and as alternative and complementary therapies. Systems biology integrates omics data, such as transcriptional, proteomic, and metabolomics data, in order to obtain a more global and complete picture of biological activity. To further understand the existence and functions of the three components above, we reviewed relevant research in the systems biology literature and found many recent studies that indicate the value of acupuncture and Chinese herbs. Acupuncture is useful in pain moderation and relieves various symptoms arising from acute spinal cord injury and acute ischemic stroke. Moreover, Chinese herbal extracts have been linked to wound repair, the alleviation of postmenopausal osteoporosis severity, and anti-tumor effects, among others. Different acupoints, variations in treatment duration, and herbal extracts can be used to alleviate various symptoms and conditions and to regulate biological pathways by altering gene and protein expression. Our paper demonstrates how systems biology has helped to establish a platform for investigating the efficacy of TCM in treating different diseases and improving treatment strategies.

  6. Electric Water Heater Modeling and Control Strategies for Demand Response

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Diao, Ruisheng; Lu, Shuai; Elizondo, Marcelo A.

    2012-07-22

    Abstract— Demand response (DR) has a great potential to provide balancing services at normal operating conditions and emergency support when a power system is subject to disturbances. Effective control strategies can significantly relieve the balancing burden of conventional generators and reduce investment on generation and transmission expansion. This paper is aimed at modeling electric water heaters (EWH) in households and tests their response to control strategies to implement DR. The open-loop response of EWH to a centralized signal is studied by adjusting temperature settings to provide regulation services; and two types of decentralized controllers are tested to provide frequency supportmore » following generator trips. EWH models are included in a simulation platform in DIgSILENT to perform electromechanical simulation, which contains 147 households in a distribution feeder. Simulation results show the dependence of EWH response on water heater usage . These results provide insight suggestions on the need of control strategies to achieve better performance for demand response implementation. Index Terms— Centralized control, decentralized control, demand response, electrical water heater, smart grid« less

  7. Centaur: A Mobile Dexterous Humanoid for Surface Operations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rehnmark, Fredrik; Ambrose, Robert O.; Goza, S. Michael; Junkin, Lucien; Neuhaus, Peter D.; Pratt, Jerry E.

    2005-01-01

    Future human and robotic planetary expeditions could benefit greatly from expanded Extra-Vehicular Activity (EVA) capabilities supporting a broad range of multiple, concurrent surface operations. Risky, expensive and complex, conventional EVAs are restricted in both duration and scope by consumables and available manpower, creating a resource management problem. A mobile, highly dexterous Extra-Vehicular Robotic (EVR) system called Centaur is proposed to cost-effectively augment human astronauts on surface excursions. The Centaur design combines a highly capable wheeled mobility platform with an anthropomorphic upper body mounted on a three degree-of-freedom waist. Able to use many ordinary handheld tools, the robot could conserve EVA hours by relieving humans of many routine inspection and maintenance chores and assisting them in more complex tasks, such as repairing other robots. As an astronaut surrogate, Centaur could take risks unacceptable to humans, respond more quickly to EVA emergencies and work much longer shifts. Though originally conceived as a system for planetary surface exploration, the Centaur concept could easily be adapted for terrestrial military applications such as de-Gig, surveillance and other hazardous duties.

  8. Non-Prescribed Use of Pain Relievers among Adolescents in the United States

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Li-Tzy; Pilowsky, Daniel J.; Patkar, Ashwin A.

    2008-01-01

    Background We examined gender-specific prevalences, patterns, and correlates of non-prescribed use of pain relievers—mainly opioids—in a representative sample of American adolescents (N = 18,678). Methods Data were drawn from the public use data file of the 2005 U.S. National Survey on Drug Use and Health, a survey of non-institutionalized American household residents. The patterns of non-prescribed use of prescription pain relievers were examined, and logistic regression procedures were conducted to identify correlates of non-prescribed use. Results Approximately one in 10 adolescents aged 12−17 years reported non-prescribed use of pain relievers in their lifetime (9.3% in males and 10.3% in females). The mean age of first non-prescribed use was 13.3 years, which was similar to the mean age of first use of alcohol and marijuana but older than the age of first inhalant use. Among all non-prescribed users, 52% reported having used hydrocodone products (Vicodin, Lortab, Lorcet, and Lorcet Plus, and hydrocodone), 50% had used propoxyphene (Darvocet or Darvon) or codeine (Tylenol with codeine), and 24% had used oxycodone products (OxyContin, Percocet, Percodan, and Tylox). Approximately one quarter (26%) of all non-prescribed users had never used other non-prescribed or illicit drugs. There were gender variations in correlates of non-prescribed use. Conclusions Use of non-prescribed pain relievers occurs early in adolescence. Research is needed to understand whether early use of non-prescribed pain relievers is related to later drug use. PMID:18054444

  9. Korean Emotional Laborers' Job Stressors and Relievers: Focus on Work Conditions and Emotional Labor Properties

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Garam

    2015-01-01

    Background The present study aims to investigate job stressors and stress relievers for Korean emotional laborers, specifically focusing on the effects of work conditions and emotional labor properties. Emotional laborers are asked to hide or distort their real emotions in their interaction with clients. They are exposed to high levels of stress in the emotional labor process, which leads to serious mental health risks including burnout, depression, and even suicide impulse. Exploring job stressors and relieving factors would be the first step in seeking alternatives to protect emotional laborers from those mental health risks. Methods Using the third wave data of Korean Working Conditions Survey, logistic regression analysis was conducted for two purposes: to examine the relations of emotional labor and stress, and to find out job stressors and relievers for emotional laborers. Results The chances of stress arousal are 3.5 times higher for emotional laborers; emotional laborers experience double risk-burden for stress arousal. In addition to general job stressors, emotional laborers need to bear burdens related to emotional labor properties. The effect of social support at the workplace is not significant for stress relief, unlike common assumptions, whereas subjective satisfaction (wage satisfaction and work-life balance) is proven to have relieving effects on emotional laborers' job stress. Conclusion From the results, the importance of a balanced understanding of emotional labor for establishing effective policies for emotional laborer protection is stressed. PMID:26929847

  10. Variations in Care Quality Outcomes of Dying People: Latent Class Analysis of an Adult National Register Population.

    PubMed

    Öhlén, Joakim; Russell, Lara; Håkanson, Cecilia; Alvariza, Anette; Fürst, Carl Johan; Årestedt, Kristofer; Sawatzky, Richard

    2017-01-01

    Symptom relief is a key goal of palliative care. There is a need to consider complexities in symptom relief patterns for groups of people to understand and evaluate symptom relief as an indicator of quality of care at end of life. The aims of this study were to distinguish classes of patients who have different symptom relief patterns during the last week of life and to identify predictors of these classes in an adult register population. In a cross-sectional retrospective design, data were used from 87,026 decedents with expected deaths registered in the Swedish Register of Palliative Care in 2011 and 2012. Study variables were structured into patient characteristics, and processes and outcomes of quality of care. A latent class analysis was used to identify symptom relief patterns. Multivariate multinomial regression analyses were used to identify predictors of class membership. Five latent classes were generated: "relieved pain," "relieved pain and rattles," "relieved pain and anxiety," "partly relieved shortness of breath, rattles and anxiety," and "partly relieved pain, anxiety and confusion." Important predictors of class membership were age, sex, cause of death, and having someone present at death, individual prescriptions as needed (PRN) and expert consultations. Interindividual variability and complexity in symptom relief patterns may inform quality of care and its evaluation for dying people across care settings. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Evidence for cognitive-behavioral strategies improving dyspnea and related distress in COPD.

    PubMed

    Norweg, Anna; Collins, Eileen G

    2013-01-01

    Dyspnea is a complex, prevalent, and distressing symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with decreased quality of life, significant disability, and increased mortality. It is a major reason for referral to pulmonary rehabilitation. We reviewed 23 COPD studies to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral strategies for relieving dyspnea in COPD. Preliminary evidence from randomized controlled trials exists to support cognitive- behavioral strategies, used with or without exercise, for relieving sensory and affective components of dyspnea in COPD. Small to moderate treatment effects for relieving dyspnea were noted for psychotherapy (effect size [ES] = 0.08-0.25 for intensity; 0.26-0.65 for mastery) and distractive auditory stimuli (ES = 0.08-0.33 for intensity; 0.09 to -0.61 for functional burden). Small to large dyspnea improvements resulted from yoga (ES = 0.2-1.21 for intensity; 0.67 for distress; 0.07 for mastery; and -8.37 for functional burden); dyspnea self-management education with exercise (ES = -0.14 to -1.15 for intensity; -0.62 to -0.69 for distress; 1.04 for mastery; 0.14-0.35 for self-efficacy); and slow-breathing exercises (ES = -0.34 to -0.83 for intensity; -0.61 to -0.80 for distress; and 0.62 for self-efficacy). Cognitive-behavioral interventions may relieve dyspnea in COPD by (1) decreasing sympathetic nerve activity, dynamic hyperinflation, and comorbid anxiety, and (2) promoting arterial oxygen saturation, myelinated vagus nerve activity, a greater exercise training effect, and neuroplasticity. While evidence is increasing, additional randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial and self-management interventions in relieving dyspnea, in order to make them more available to patients and to endorse them in official COPD, dyspnea, and pulmonary rehabilitation practice guidelines. By relieving dyspnea and related anxiety, such interventions may promote adherence to exercise programs and adaptive lifestyle change.

  12. 32 CFR 733.3 - Information and policy on support of dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... children. The natural parents of an adopted child are relieved of the obligation to support the child as.... (iii) If custody of children of the marriage is divided between the two parents: interim support shall... given no force or effect. (vii) The natural parents of an adopted child are relieved of the obligation...

  13. 32 CFR 733.3 - Information and policy on support of dependents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... children. The natural parents of an adopted child are relieved of the obligation to support the child as.... (iii) If custody of children of the marriage is divided between the two parents: interim support shall... given no force or effect. (vii) The natural parents of an adopted child are relieved of the obligation...

  14. 21 CFR 868.5115 - Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... the event of choking on a foreign body, can be applied to the abdomen and pushed upward to generate... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction. 868.5115 Section 868.5115 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN...

  15. 21 CFR 868.5115 - Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 21 Food and Drugs 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Device to relieve acute upper airway obstruction. 868.5115 Section 868.5115 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... the event of choking on a foreign body, can be applied to the abdomen and pushed upward to generate...

  16. 49 CFR 390.23 - Relief from regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the time the driver is relieved of all duty if the employing motor carrier does not operate every day... the time the driver is relieved of all duty if the employing motor carrier operates every day in the... relief, or 30 days from the date of the initial declaration of the emergency or the exemption from the...

  17. The Impact of Biblio Group Counseling Supported with the Story of "The Little Prince" upon Mindfulness

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Ilbay, Azmi Bayram

    2016-01-01

    Using books for healing psychological health is becoming popular day by day. In this process bibliotherapy brings forward suggestions of psychological insight, relieving by identification, relieving from suppressed feelings by discharging and reflecting emotions. The aim of this research is to analyse the effect of biblio group counseling…

  18. Volar denervation and osteophyte resection to relieve volar CMC joint pain.

    PubMed

    Dellon, A Lee

    2017-01-01

    At mean 125.6 months, pain was reduced from mean of 8.7 to 0.67, p  < .001. Each of three patients, two of whom were musicians, returned to full professional ability. It is concluded that volar CMC joint denervation is a useful procedure, preserving joint function and relieving pain long-term.

  19. Unsedation colonoscopy can be not that painful: Evaluation of the effect of "Lamaze method of colonoscopy".

    PubMed

    Yu, Shao-Ping; Lin, Xiao-Dong; Wu, Guang-Yao; Li, Song-Hu; Wen, Zong-Quan; Cen, Xiao-Hong; Huang, Xian-Guang; Huang, Mei-Ting

    2015-10-25

    To evaluate the pain relieving effect of intervention with "Lamaze method of colonoscopy" in the process of colonoscopy. Five hundred and eighty-five patients underwent colonoscopy were randomly divided into three groups, Lamaze group, anesthetic group and control group. Two hundred and twenty-four patients of Lamaze group, the "Lamaze method of colonoscopy" were practiced in the process of colonoscopy. The Lamaze method of colonoscopy is modified from the Lamaze method of childbirth, which helped patients to relieve pain through effective breathing control. One hundred and seventy-eight patients in anesthetic group accepted sedation colonoscopy. For 183 patients in control group, colonoscopy was performed without any intervention. The satisfactory of colon cleaning, intestinal lesions, intubation time, success ratio, pain grading and complications were recorded. All data were statistically analyzed. There were no significant differences at base line of the three groups (P > 0.05). Anesthetic group shows advantage in intubation time than the other two groups (P < 0.05). Lamaze group shows no advantage in intubation time than that in control group (P > 0.05). The anesthetic group showed an apparent advantage in relieving pain (P < 0.01). Therefore, the "Lamaze method of colonoscopy" performed in colonoscopy could relieve pain effectively comparing with control group (P < 0.05). The patients in anesthetic group had the highest incidence of complications (P < 0.05). The performance of the "Lamaze method of colonoscopy" in the process of colonoscopy could relieve patients' pain, minimize the incidence of complications, and is worthy promotion in clinical practice.

  20. Oxygen relieves the CO2 and acetate dependency of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533.

    PubMed

    Hertzberger, Rosanne Y; Pridmore, R David; Gysler, Christof; Kleerebezem, Michiel; Teixeira de Mattos, M Joost

    2013-01-01

    Oxygen relieves the CO2 and acetate dependency of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. The probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 is relatively sensitive to oxidative stress; the presence of oxygen causes a lower biomass yield due to early growth stagnation. We show however that oxygen can also be beneficial to this organism as it relieves the requirement for acetate and CO2 during growth. Both on agar- and liquid-media, anaerobic growth of L. johnsonii NCC 533 requires CO2 supplementation of the gas phase. Switching off the CO2 supply induces growth arrest and cell death. The presence of molecular oxygen overcomes the CO2 dependency. Analogously, L. johnsonii NCC 533 strictly requires media with acetate to sustain anaerobic growth, although supplementation at a level that is 100-fold lower (120 microM) than the concentration in regular growth medium for lactobacilli already suffices for normal growth. Analogous to the CO2 requirement, oxygen supply relieves this acetate-dependency for growth. The L. johnsonii NCC 533 genome indicates that this organism lacks genes coding for pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), both CO2 and acetyl-CoA producing systems. Therefore, C1- and C2- compound production is predicted to largely depend on pyruvate oxidase activity (POX). This proposed role of POX in C2/C1-generation is corroborated by the observation that in a POX deficient mutant of L. johnsonii NCC 533, oxygen is not able to overcome acetate dependency nor does it relieve the CO2 dependency.

  1. Oxygen Relieves the CO2 and Acetate Dependency of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533

    PubMed Central

    Hertzberger, Rosanne Y.; Pridmore, R. David; Gysler, Christof; Kleerebezem, Michiel; Teixeira de Mattos, M. Joost

    2013-01-01

    Oxygen relieves the CO2 and acetate dependency of Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533. The probiotic Lactobacillus johnsonii NCC 533 is relatively sensitive to oxidative stress; the presence of oxygen causes a lower biomass yield due to early growth stagnation. We show however that oxygen can also be beneficial to this organism as it relieves the requirement for acetate and CO2 during growth. Both on agar- and liquid-media, anaerobic growth of L. johnsonii NCC 533 requires CO2 supplementation of the gas phase. Switching off the CO2 supply induces growth arrest and cell death. The presence of molecular oxygen overcomes the CO2 dependency. Analogously, L. johnsonii NCC 533 strictly requires media with acetate to sustain anaerobic growth, although supplementation at a level that is 100-fold lower (120 microM) than the concentration in regular growth medium for lactobacilli already suffices for normal growth. Analogous to the CO2 requirement, oxygen supply relieves this acetate-dependency for growth. The L. johnsonii NCC 533 genome indicates that this organism lacks genes coding for pyruvate formate lyase (PFL) and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), both CO2 and acetyl-CoA producing systems. Therefore, C1- and C2- compound production is predicted to largely depend on pyruvate oxidase activity (POX). This proposed role of POX in C2/C1-generation is corroborated by the observation that in a POX deficient mutant of L. johnsonii NCC 533, oxygen is not able to overcome acetate dependency nor does it relieve the CO2 dependency. PMID:23468944

  2. 25 CFR 171.405 - Can I build my own structure or take over responsibility of a BIA structure?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... written agreement between you and us which: (a) Relieves us from any future liability or responsibility for the structure; (b) Relieves us from any future costs incurred for maintaining the structure; (c) Describes what is granted by us and accepted by you; and (d) Provides that if you do not regularly use a...

  3. 25 CFR 171.405 - Can I build my own structure or take over responsibility of a BIA structure?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... written agreement between you and us which: (a) Relieves us from any future liability or responsibility for the structure; (b) Relieves us from any future costs incurred for maintaining the structure; (c) Describes what is granted by us and accepted by you; and (d) Provides that if you do not regularly use a...

  4. 5 CFR 610.406 - Holiday for employees on compressed work schedules.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... number of hours of the compressed work schedule on that day. (b) If a part-time employee is relieved or... of the compressed work schedule on that day. When a holiday falls on a nonworkday of a part-time... work schedules. (a) If a full-time employee is relieved or prevented from working on a day designated...

  5. [Progress on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy treated by integrative medicine].

    PubMed

    Hong, Hong-Bin; Xu, Rong-Juan

    2005-04-01

    The article reviewed clinical studies on painful diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PDPN) treated by integrative medicine. PDPN, a common complication of diabetes mellitus, which could severely influence patients' quality of life. The keystone and difficulty of PDPN treatment is to relieve pain. Tricyclic anti-depressants are the firstline agents for neuropathic pain but with obvious adverse reactions. Antiepileptic drugs and capsicin can relieve PDPN with less adverse reactions. In recent years, lots of report of clinical studies on DPN treated by TCM or integrative medicine were issued, but those pertinent to PDPN were seldom. Only the papers with independent statistical analysis on effect of pain relieving were selected to review in this article, and the authors presumed that it is feasible to treat PDPN with integrative medicine.

  6. The Research on the Impact of Green Beans Sports Drinks on Relieving Fatigue in Sports Training.

    PubMed

    Qi, Li; Ying, Liu

    2015-01-01

    For researching the function of relieving fatigue of green beans sports drinks, this paper selected 60 mice as subjects. They were randomly divided into four groups (low dose group, middle dose group, high dose group and physiological saline group). Each time they were respectively feed 10g 20g/L, 40g/L, 80 g/L green beans sports drinks and 15ml/(kg.d) physiological saline. The experiment lasted for a month. We recorded weight of mice, swimming time and blood urea nitrogen indicators. The results show that green beans sports drinks can significantly prolong swimming time of mice (p <0.05). For serum urea the results show no effect. So green beans sports drinks have a certain function of relieving physical fatigue.

  7. Automatic stress-relieving music recommendation system based on photoplethysmography-derived heart rate variability analysis.

    PubMed

    Shin, Il-Hyung; Cha, Jaepyeong; Cheon, Gyeong Woo; Lee, Choonghee; Lee, Seung Yup; Yoon, Hyung-Jin; Kim, Hee Chan

    2014-01-01

    This paper presents an automatic stress-relieving music recommendation system (ASMRS) for individual music listeners. The ASMRS uses a portable, wireless photoplethysmography module with a finger-type sensor, and a program that translates heartbeat signals from the sensor to the stress index. The sympathovagal balance index (SVI) was calculated from heart rate variability to assess the user's stress levels while listening to music. Twenty-two healthy volunteers participated in the experiment. The results have shown that the participants' SVI values are highly correlated with their prespecified music preferences. The sensitivity and specificity of the favorable music classification also improved as the number of music repetitions increased to 20 times. Based on the SVI values, the system automatically recommends favorable music lists to relieve stress for individuals.

  8. Evidence for cognitive–behavioral strategies improving dyspnea and related distress in COPD

    PubMed Central

    Norweg, Anna; Collins, Eileen G

    2013-01-01

    Background Dyspnea is a complex, prevalent, and distressing symptom of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with decreased quality of life, significant disability, and increased mortality. It is a major reason for referral to pulmonary rehabilitation. Methods We reviewed 23 COPD studies to examine the evidence for the effectiveness of cognitive–behavioral strategies for relieving dyspnea in COPD. Results Preliminary evidence from randomized controlled trials exists to support cognitive– behavioral strategies, used with or without exercise, for relieving sensory and affective components of dyspnea in COPD. Small to moderate treatment effects for relieving dyspnea were noted for psychotherapy (effect size [ES] = 0.08–0.25 for intensity; 0.26–0.65 for mastery) and distractive auditory stimuli (ES = 0.08–0.33 for intensity; 0.09 to −0.61 for functional burden). Small to large dyspnea improvements resulted from yoga (ES = 0.2–1.21 for intensity; 0.67 for distress; 0.07 for mastery; and −8.37 for functional burden); dyspnea self-management education with exercise (ES = −0.14 to −1.15 for intensity; −0.62 to −0.69 for distress; 1.04 for mastery; 0.14–0.35 for self-efficacy); and slow-breathing exercises (ES = −0.34 to −0.83 for intensity; −0.61 to −0.80 for distress; and 0.62 for self-efficacy). Cognitive–behavioral interventions may relieve dyspnea in COPD by (1) decreasing sympathetic nerve activity, dynamic hyperinflation, and comorbid anxiety, and (2) promoting arterial oxygen saturation, myelinated vagus nerve activity, a greater exercise training effect, and neuroplasticity. Conclusion While evidence is increasing, additional randomized controlled trials are needed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial and self-management interventions in relieving dyspnea, in order to make them more available to patients and to endorse them in official COPD, dyspnea, and pulmonary rehabilitation practice guidelines. By relieving dyspnea and related anxiety, such interventions may promote adherence to exercise programs and adaptive lifestyle change. PMID:24106423

  9. Real-life use of budesonide/formoterol in clinical practice: a 12-month follow-up assessment in a multi-national study of asthma patients established on single-inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy

    PubMed Central

    Ställberg, Björn; Naya, Ian; Ekelund, Jan; Eckerwall, Göran

    2015-01-01

    Objective: The efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (MRT) has been demonstrated in phase III clinical studies, but limited data are available in a real-life setting. We examined the pattern of maintenance and as-needed inhaler use in routine clinical practice among patients with asthma receiving budesonide/formoterol MRT (NCT00505388). Methods: This 12-month European observational study enrolled patients prescribed budesonide/formoterol MRT and grouped them based on regimen: 80/4.5 µg one inhalation twice daily (b.i.d.); 160/4.5 µg one inhalation b.i.d.; 160/4.5 µg two inhalations b.i.d. (all plus as needed). Patient data were collected daily using an interactive voice- or web-response system. The primary outcome measure was total number of budesonide/formoterol inhalations/day. Results: Overall, 4,581 patients were included (64% female; mean age 48.4 years; regimen: 80/4.5 µg, n = 119; 160/4.5 µg, n = 3,106; 2 × 160/4.5 µg, n = 1,355). Mean (median) total numbers of budesonide/formoterol inhalations/day were 2.48 (2.11), 2.53 (2.14), and 4.27 (4.05) for 80/4.5 µg b.i.d., 160/4.5 µg b.i.d., and 2 × 160/4.5 µg b.i.d., respectively; corresponding mean (median) number of as-needed inhalations/day were 0.68 (0.17), 0.73 (0.26), and 1.08 (0.45), respectively. As-needed budesonide/formoterol use was generally low with a mean of 61 – 66% of reliever-free days; over 4 reliever inhalations/day occurred on a mean of 0.4 – 2.5% of days for all budesonide/formoterol MRT regimens. Conclusions: In routine clinical practice, all budesonide/formoterol MRT regimens were associated with a high proportion of reliever-free days and low incidence of high reliever-use days, indicating acceptable levels of asthma control with this symptom-adjusted controller regimen. PMID:25907171

  10. Real-life use of budesonide/formoterol in clinical practice: a 12-month follow-up assessment in a multi-national study of asthma patients established on single-inhaler maintenance and reliever therapy.

    PubMed

    Ställberg, Björn; Naya, Ian; Ekelund, Jan; Eckerwall, Göran

    2015-06-01

    The efficacy and safety of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy (MRT) has been demonstrated in phase III clinical studies, but limited data are available in a real-life setting. We examined the pattern of maintenance and as-needed inhaler use in routine clinical practice among patients with asthma receiving budesonide/formoterol MRT (NCT00505388). This 12-month European observational study enrolled patients prescribed budesonide/formoterol MRT and grouped them based on regimen: 80/4.5 μg one inhalation twice daily (b.i.d.); 160/4.5 μg one inhalation b.i.d.; 160/4.5 μg two inhalations b.i.d. (all plus as needed). Patient data were collected daily using an interactive voice- or web-response system. The primary outcome measure was total number of budesonide/formoterol inhalations/day. Overall, 4,581 patients were included (64% female; mean age 48.4 years; regimen: 80/4.5 μg, n = 119; 160/4.5 μg, n = 3,106; 2 x 160/4.5 μg, n = 1,355). Mean (median) total numbers of budesonide/formoterol inhalations/day were 2.48 (2.11), 2.53 (2.14), and 4.27 (4.05) for 80/4.5 μg b.i.d., 160/4.5 μg b.i.d., and 2 x 160/4.5 μg b.i.d., respectively; corresponding mean (median) number of as-needed inhalations/day were 0.68 (0.17), 0.73 (0.26), and 1.08 (0.45), respectively. As-needed budesonide/formoterol use was generally low with a mean of 61 - 66% of reliever-free days; over 4 reliever inhalations/day occurred on a mean of 0.4 - 2.5% of days for all budesonide/formoterol MRT regimens. Inroutine clinical practice, all budesonide/formoterol MRT regimens were associated with a high proportion of reliever-free days and low incidence of high reliever-use days, indicating acceptable levels of asthma control with this symptom-adjusted controller regimen.

  11. Towards a personalized Internet: a case for a full decentralization.

    PubMed

    Kermarrec, Anne-Marie

    2013-03-28

    The Web has become a user-centric platform where users post, share, annotate, comment and forward content be it text, videos, pictures, URLs, etc. This social dimension creates tremendous new opportunities for information exchange over the Internet, as exemplified by the surprising and exponential growth of social networks and collaborative platforms. Yet, niche content is sometimes difficult to retrieve using traditional search engines because they target the mass rather than the individual. Likewise, relieving users from useless notification is tricky in a world where there is so much information and so little of interest for each and every one of us. We argue that ultra-specific content could be retrieved and disseminated should search and notification be personalized to fit this new setting. We also argue that users' interests should be implicitly captured by the system rather than relying on explicit classifications simply because the world is by nature unstructured, dynamic and users do not want to be hampered in their actions by a tight and static framework. In this paper, we review some existing personalization approaches, most of which are centralized. We then advocate the need for fully decentralized systems because personalization raises two main issues. Firstly, personalization requires information to be stored and maintained at a user granularity which can significantly hurt the scalability of a centralized solution. Secondly, at a time when the 'big brother is watching you' attitude is prominent, users may be more and more reluctant to give away their personal data to the few large companies that can afford such personalization. We start by showing how to achieve personalization in decentralized systems and conclude with the research agenda ahead.

  12. Novel Digital Features Discriminate Between Drought Resistant and Drought Sensitive Rice Under Controlled and Field Conditions.

    PubMed

    Duan, Lingfeng; Han, Jiwan; Guo, Zilong; Tu, Haifu; Yang, Peng; Zhang, Dong; Fan, Yuan; Chen, Guoxing; Xiong, Lizhong; Dai, Mingqiu; Williams, Kevin; Corke, Fiona; Doonan, John H; Yang, Wanneng

    2018-01-01

    Dynamic quantification of drought response is a key issue both for variety selection and for functional genetic study of rice drought resistance. Traditional assessment of drought resistance traits, such as stay-green and leaf-rolling, has utilized manual measurements, that are often subjective, error-prone, poorly quantified and time consuming. To relieve this phenotyping bottleneck, we demonstrate a feasible, robust and non-destructive method that dynamically quantifies response to drought, under both controlled and field conditions. Firstly, RGB images of individual rice plants at different growth points were analyzed to derive 4 features that were influenced by imposition of drought. These include a feature related to the ability to stay green, which we termed greenness plant area ratio (GPAR) and 3 shape descriptors [total plant area/bounding rectangle area ratio (TBR), perimeter area ratio (PAR) and total plant area/convex hull area ratio (TCR)]. Experiments showed that these 4 features were capable of discriminating reliably between drought resistant and drought sensitive accessions, and dynamically quantifying the drought response under controlled conditions across time (at either daily or half hourly time intervals). We compared the 3 shape descriptors and concluded that PAR was more robust and sensitive to leaf-rolling than the other shape descriptors. In addition, PAR and GPAR proved to be effective in quantification of drought response in the field. Moreover, the values obtained in field experiments using the collection of rice varieties were correlated with those derived from pot-based experiments. The general applicability of the algorithms is demonstrated by their ability to probe archival Miscanthus data previously collected on an independent platform. In conclusion, this image-based technology is robust providing a platform-independent tool for quantifying drought response that should be of general utility for breeding and functional genomics in future.

  13. Efficient attenuation of Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA) cardiomyopathy by modulation of iron homeostasis-human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) as a drug screening platform for FRDA.

    PubMed

    Lee, Yee-Ki; Lau, Yee-Man; Ng, Kwong-Man; Lai, Wing-Hon; Ho, Shu-Leong; Tse, Hung-Fat; Siu, Chung-Wah; Ho, Philip Wing-Lok

    2016-01-15

    Friedreich's ataxia (FRDA), a recessive neurodegenerative disorder commonly associated with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, is caused by silencing of the frataxin (FXN) gene encoding the mitochondrial protein involved in iron-sulfur cluster biosynthesis. Application of our previously established FRDA human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived cardiomyocytes model as a platform to assess the efficacy of treatment with either the antioxidant coenzyme Q10 analog, idebenone (IDE) or the iron chelator, deferiprone (DFP), which are both under clinical trial. DFP was able to more significantly suppress synthesis of reactive oxygen species (ROS) than IDE at the dosages of 25 μM and 10nM respectively which agreed with the reduced rate of intracellular accumulation of iron by DFP treatment from 25 to 50 μM. With regard to cardiac electrical-contraction (EC) coupling function, decay velocity of calcium handling kinetics in FRDA-hiPSC-cardiomyocytes was significantly improved by DFP treatment but not by IDE. Further mechanistic studies revealed that DFP also modulated iron induced mitochondrial stress as reflected by mitochondria network disorganization and decline level of respiratory chain protein, succinate dehydrogenase (CxII) and cytochrome c oxidase (COXIV). In addition, iron-response protein (IRP-1) regulatory loop was overridden by DFP as reflected by resumed level of ferritin (FTH) back to basal level and the attenuated transferrin receptor (TSFR) mRNA level suppression thereby reducing further iron uptake. DFP modulated iron homeostasis in FRDA-hiPSC-cardiomyocytes and effectively relieved stress-stimulation related to cardiomyopathy. The resuming of redox condition led to the significantly improved cardiac prime events, cardiac electrical-coupling during contraction. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  14. Augmenting Transport versus Increasing Cold Storage to Improve Vaccine Supply Chains

    PubMed Central

    Haidari, Leila A.; Connor, Diana L.; Wateska, Angela R.; Brown, Shawn T.; Mueller, Leslie E.; Norman, Bryan A.; Schmitz, Michelle M.; Paul, Proma; Rajgopal, Jayant; Welling, Joel S.; Leonard, Jim; Chen, Sheng-I; Lee, Bruce Y.

    2013-01-01

    Background When addressing the urgent task of improving vaccine supply chains, especially to accommodate the introduction of new vaccines, there is often a heavy emphasis on stationary storage. Currently, donations to vaccine supply chains occur largely in the form of storage equipment. Methods This study utilized a HERMES-generated detailed, dynamic, discrete event simulation model of the Niger vaccine supply chain to compare the impacts on vaccine availability of adding stationary cold storage versus transport capacity at different levels and to determine whether adding stationary storage capacity alone would be enough to relieve potential bottlenecks when pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines are introduced by 2015. Results Relieving regional level storage bottlenecks increased vaccine availability (by 4%) more than relieving storage bottlenecks at the district (1% increase), central (no change), and clinic (no change) levels alone. Increasing transport frequency (or capacity) yielded far greater gains (e.g., 15% increase in vaccine availability when doubling transport frequency to the district level and 18% when tripling). In fact, relieving all stationary storage constraints could only increase vaccine availability by 11%, whereas doubling the transport frequency throughout the system led to a 26% increase and tripling the frequency led to a 30% increase. Increasing transport frequency also reduced the amount of stationary storage space needed in the supply chain. The supply chain required an additional 61,269L of storage to relieve constraints with the current transport frequency, 55,255L with transport frequency doubled, and 51,791L with transport frequency tripled. Conclusions When evaluating vaccine supply chains, it is important to understand the interplay between stationary storage and transport. The HERMES-generated dynamic simulation model showed how augmenting transport can result in greater gains than only augmenting stationary storage and can reduce stationary storage needs. PMID:23717590

  15. Augmenting transport versus increasing cold storage to improve vaccine supply chains.

    PubMed

    Haidari, Leila A; Connor, Diana L; Wateska, Angela R; Brown, Shawn T; Mueller, Leslie E; Norman, Bryan A; Schmitz, Michelle M; Paul, Proma; Rajgopal, Jayant; Welling, Joel S; Leonard, Jim; Chen, Sheng-I; Lee, Bruce Y

    2013-01-01

    When addressing the urgent task of improving vaccine supply chains, especially to accommodate the introduction of new vaccines, there is often a heavy emphasis on stationary storage. Currently, donations to vaccine supply chains occur largely in the form of storage equipment. This study utilized a HERMES-generated detailed, dynamic, discrete event simulation model of the Niger vaccine supply chain to compare the impacts on vaccine availability of adding stationary cold storage versus transport capacity at different levels and to determine whether adding stationary storage capacity alone would be enough to relieve potential bottlenecks when pneumococcal and rotavirus vaccines are introduced by 2015. Relieving regional level storage bottlenecks increased vaccine availability (by 4%) more than relieving storage bottlenecks at the district (1% increase), central (no change), and clinic (no change) levels alone. Increasing transport frequency (or capacity) yielded far greater gains (e.g., 15% increase in vaccine availability when doubling transport frequency to the district level and 18% when tripling). In fact, relieving all stationary storage constraints could only increase vaccine availability by 11%, whereas doubling the transport frequency throughout the system led to a 26% increase and tripling the frequency led to a 30% increase. Increasing transport frequency also reduced the amount of stationary storage space needed in the supply chain. The supply chain required an additional 61,269L of storage to relieve constraints with the current transport frequency, 55,255L with transport frequency doubled, and 51,791L with transport frequency tripled. When evaluating vaccine supply chains, it is important to understand the interplay between stationary storage and transport. The HERMES-generated dynamic simulation model showed how augmenting transport can result in greater gains than only augmenting stationary storage and can reduce stationary storage needs.

  16. Monolithically Integrated Reconfigurable Filters for Microwave Photonic Links

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Norberg, Erik J.

    For the purposes of commercial communication and military electronic warfare and radar alike, there is an increasing interest in RF systems that can handle very wide instantaneous bandwidths at high center frequencies. Optical signal processing has the capability to reduce latency, improve size, weight and power (SwAP) performance, and overcome the inherent bandwidth limitations of electronic counterparts. By rapidly pre-filtering wide bandwidth microwave signals in the optical domain, the analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) and subsequent digital signal processing (DSP) can be significantly relieved. Compared to channelizing and add/drop filters for wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) applications, the microwave filter application is much more challenging as it requires a more versatile filter, ideally with tunability in both frequency and bandwidth. In this work such a filter was developed using integrated photonics. By integrating the filter on a single InP chip, the stability required for coherent filtering is met, while the active integration platform offers a flexible filter design and higher tolerance in the coupler and fabrication specifications. Using an entirely deep etched fabrication with a single blanket regrowth, a simple fabrication with high yield is achieved. The reconfigurable filter is designed as an array of uncoupled filter stages with each filter stage reconfigurable as a filter pole or zero with arbitrary magnitude and phase. This gives rise to a flexible ffilter synthesis, much like an optical version of DSP filters. Flat-topped bandpass filters are demonstrated with frequency tunability over 30 GHz, bandwidth adjustable between 1.9 and 5.4 GHz, and stopband rejection >32 dB. In order to meet the stringent spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) requirements of the microwave application, a novel epitaxial layer integration platform is developed. Optimized for high optical saturation power and low propagation loss, it produces semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) with low distortion and noise. Utilizing a novel characterization method of RF signal distortion for photonic devices, SOAs with state-of-the art SFDR in the range of 115 dB--Hz2/3 and a noise figure of 3.8 dB for 6 dB gain, is demonstrated. It is projected that this platform could ultimately provide integration for photonic microwave filter applications.

  17. Pubectomy and stereotactic radiotherapy for the treatment of a non-resectable sacral osteosarcoma causing pelvic canal obstruction in a dog

    PubMed Central

    Randall, Victoria D.; Boston, Sarah E.; Gardner, Heather L.; Griffin, Lynn; Oblak, Michelle L.; Kubicek, Lyndsay

    2016-01-01

    A pubectomy was carried out to relieve obstruction of the pelvic canal in a 6-year-old dog diagnosed with sacral osteosarcoma. Two days after surgery, the dog was ambulatory with normal urination and defecation. Pubectomy is a viable option to relieve clinical signs in patients with pelvic canal obstruction due to a non-resectable tumor. PMID:27587885

  18. Analysis of Random Drop for Gateway Congestion Control

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1989-11-01

    effective congest)on control policies. Currently No Gateway Policy is used to relieve and signal congestion, which leads to unfair service to the...early application of the policy removes the pressure of congestion relief and allows more accurate signaling of congestion. ’ To be used effectively ...prompted the need for more effective congestion control policies. Currently No Gateway Policy is used to relieve and signal congestion, which leads to

  19. Effects of Competing Narratives on Public Perceptions of Opioid Pain Reliever Addiction during Pregnancy.

    PubMed

    Kennedy-Hendricks, Alene; McGinty, Emma E; Barry, Colleen L

    2016-10-01

    Opioid pain reliever addiction has increased among women of reproductive age over the last fifteen years. News media and public attention have focused on the implications of this trend for infants exposed to opioids prenatally, with state policy responses varying in the extent to which they are punitive or public health oriented. We fielded a six-group randomized experiment among a nationally representative sample of US adults to test the effects of narratives portraying a woman with opioid pain reliever addiction during pregnancy on beliefs about people addicted to opioid pain relievers, perceptions of treatment effectiveness, policy attitudes, and emotional responses. Portraying a high socioeconomic status (SES) woman in the narrative lowered perceptions of individual blame for addiction and reduced public support for punitive policies. Depicting the barriers to treatment faced by a low SES woman lowered support for punitive policies and increased support for expanded insurance coverage for treatment. The extent to which narratives portraying successfully treated addiction affected public attitudes depended on the SES of the woman portrayed. These findings can inform the development of communication strategies to reduce stigma toward this population, reduce support for punitive policies, and increase support for more public health-oriented approaches to addressing this problem. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

  20. Well-Loved Music Robustly Relieves Pain: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

    PubMed Central

    Hsieh, Christine; Kong, Jian; Kirsch, Irving; Edwards, Robert R.; Jensen, Karin B.; Kaptchuk, Ted J.; Gollub, Randy L.

    2014-01-01

    Music has pain-relieving effects, but its mechanisms remain unclear. We sought to verify previously studied analgesic components and further elucidate the underpinnings of music analgesia. Using a well-characterized conditioning-enhanced placebo model, we examined whether boosting expectations would enhance or interfere with analgesia from strongly preferred music. A two-session experiment was performed with 48 healthy, pain experiment-naïve participants. In a first cohort, 36 were randomized into 3 treatment groups, including music enhanced with positive expectancy, non-musical sound enhanced with positive expectancy, and no expectancy enhancement. A separate replication cohort of 12 participants received only expectancy-enhanced music following the main experiment to verify the results of expectancy-manipulation on music. Primary outcome measures included the change in subjective pain ratings to calibrated experimental noxious heat stimuli, as well as changes in treatment expectations. Without conditioning, expectations were strongly in favor of music compared to non-musical sound. While measured expectations were enhanced by conditioning, this failed to affect either music or sound analgesia significantly. Strongly preferred music on its own was as pain relieving as conditioning-enhanced strongly preferred music, and more analgesic than enhanced sound. Our results demonstrate the pain-relieving power of personal music even over enhanced expectations. Trial Information Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01835275. PMID:25211164

  1. Artificial pneumothorax: a safe and simple method to relieve pain during microwave ablation of subpleural lung malignancy.

    PubMed

    Hou, Xiaowei; Zhuang, Xingjun; Zhang, Haiwen; Wang, Kai; Zhang, Yuanxin

    2017-08-01

    Microwave ablation has been extensively used for eliminating pulmonary tumors; however, it is usually associated with severe pain under local anesthesia. Decreasing the power and shortening the ablation time can help to relieve the pain; however, this leads to incomplete ablation and an increasing recurrence rate. This research aims to employ an artificial pneumothorax to increase both the curative effect and pain relief during the ablation procedure. From July 2013 to January 2015, nine patients presenting with 10 subpleural lung tumors (age: 44-78 years) with a high possibility of severe pain underwent the artificial pneumothorax during microwave ablation. The pain assessment scores and complications induced by the artificial pneumothorax were recorded and analyzed by a CT scan follow-up. The tumors of the nine patients were eliminated successfully using microwave ablation with artificial pneumothorax under local anesthesia. The pain caused by the ablation was relieved to a great extent with an average rate of 94.66% (range: 63.3%-100%) and all tumors were ablated completely. No severe complications occurred after the operation. The artificial pneumothorax is a reliable therapy to improve the curative effect of microwave ablation under local anesthesia by relieving the pain of the patients.

  2. Multicenter comparison of the efficacy on prevention of pressure ulcer in postoperative patients between two types of pressure-relieving mattresses in China

    PubMed Central

    Jiang, Qixia; Li, Xiaohua; Zhang, Aiqin; Guo, Yanxia; Liu, Yahong; Liu, Haiying; Qu, Xiaolong; Zhu, Yajun; Guo, Xiujun; Liu, Li; Zhang, Liyan; Bo, Suping; Jia, Jing; Chen, Yuejuan; Zhang, Rui; Wang, Jiandong

    2014-01-01

    Objective: Present study is designed to evaluate the effects of preventing pressure ulcer in surgical patients with two types of pressure-relieving mattresses. Methods: 1074 surgical patients from 12 hospitals in China were divided into A group (static air mattress with repositioning every 2 hours, n = 562) and B group (power pressure air mattress with repositioning every 2 hours, n = 512). The patient was subjected to a pressure-relieving mattress and observed from 0-5 days after surgery. Indications include the Braden scores, hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPU) incidence and stage. Results: The Braden scores between two groups in five days after surgery were no significant (P > 0.05). The incidence of HAPU between two groups in same days also was no significant (1.07% vs. 0.98%, P > 0.05). The incidence of Stage I and stage II pressure ulcers in group A and B were 1.07% (6/562) and 0.98% (5/512), respectively (χ2 = 0.148, P = 0.882). Conclusion: The effects of preventing pressure ulcer in surgical patients with two types of pressure-relieving mattresses are similar, but the protocol by static air mattress with repositioning every 2 hours is benefit when no power. PMID:25356144

  3. Rethinking Suffering: Allowing for Suffering that is Intrinsic at End of Life.

    PubMed

    Rattner, Maxxine; Berzoff, Joan

    2016-01-01

    The dilemma so central to the work of providers of palliative and end-of-life care is the paradox of their professional and ethical duty to try to relieve suffering and the limitations of so doing. While the capacity to sit with suffering at the end of life is critical to clinical work, the idea that some intrinsic suffering cannot necessarily always be relieved may model for patients and families that suffering can be borne. Clinicians who encounter unrelievable suffering may feel a sense of failure, helplessness, moral distress, and compassion fatigue. While tolerating suffering runs counter to the aims of palliative care, acknowledging it, bearing it, and validating it may actually help patients and families to do the same. "Sitting with suffering" signals a paradigm shift within the discipline of palliative care, as it asks clinicians to rethink their role in being able to relieve some forms of psychosocial suffering intrinsic to dying.

  4. Clinical hypnosis for palliative care in severe chronic diseases: a review and the procedures for relieving physical, psychological and spiritual symptoms.

    PubMed

    Brugnoli, Maria Paola

    2016-10-01

    Hypnotic treatment in severe chronic diseases, for pain and symptoms relief, has proven efficacy as adjuvant therapy, and should be offered to any individual, who expresses an interest in this method. While some theorize hypnotizability as a changing attribute of the individual, there is a growing body of literature that indicates hypnotizability may be characterized as a constellation of potentially modifiable attitudes and skills, which are strongly influenced by related factors, as suffering, in severe chronic diseases. In this article, I briefly review representative studies recognizing how clinical hypnosis in medicine is an effective complementary therapy, for pain and symptom's relief in severe chronic diseases and in palliative care. This paper highlights: (I) a scientific review to underline how clinical hypnosis has an important impact on the treatment goals and integration in relieving pain and symptoms; (II) the advanced techniques for effectively relieving pain and symptoms.

  5. Cooling the Itch via TRPM8.

    PubMed

    Liu, Boyi; Jordt, Sven-Eric

    2018-06-01

    Cooling is an effective temporary remedy for itch, bringing welcome relief to itchy insect bites, nettle stings, poison ivy, atopic dermatitis, and psoriasis. Menthol, causing a cooling sensation, has similar itch-relieving effects. Palkar et al. demonstrate that TRPM8, a menthol- and cold-activated ion channel, is essential for cooling to relieve itch, suggesting that pharmacologic TRPM8 activation should be explored further as an antipruritic strategy. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Accomplishments under the Airport Improvement Program: Fiscal Year 1990 (Ninth Annual Report)

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1990-01-01

    ST PAUL 06 $259,200 INSTALL TAXIWAY SIGNS; EXTEND SERVICE ST PAUL DOWNTOWN HOLMAN FIELD ROAD (RELIEVER) THIEF RIVER FALLS 01 $69,075 INSTALL RUNWAY AND...TAXIWAY SIGNS THIEF RIVER FALLS REGIONAL (COMMERCIAL SERVICE) MISSISSIPPI S2 $101,000 CONDUCT STATE SYSTEM PLAN STUDY STATE OF MISSISSIPPI (SYSTEM...SOL5tRG-HUNTERDON (GENERAL AVIATION) TETERBORO 09 $174,103 ACQUIRE SNOW REMOVAL EQUIPMENT TETERBORO (RELIEVER) TOMS RIVER Oa $189,764 IMPROVE DRAINAGE

  7. Nursing Process in Post Tonsillectomy Pain Diagnosis: A Systematic Review

    PubMed Central

    Soleymanifard, Fateme; Khademolhoseyni, Seyyed Mohamad; Nouri, Jamile Mokhtari

    2015-01-01

    Objective: Tonsillectomy is the most common surgery in the field of ENT. Pain is the most common post tonsillectomy complaint. Considering the importance of nursing cares in relieving post-surgery pain in general and post-tonsillectomy pain in particular, this study is conducted with the aim of presenting nursing process in post tonsillectomy pain diagnosis for decreasing loss of appropriate opportunities in nursing cares and achieving appropriate results in taking care of the patients. Methods: This study is a targeted systematic review focusing on “effective nursing measures in relieving children’s post tonsillectomy pain”. The main stages of searching strategy included searching in electronic sources of Latin databases; Pub Med, Science Direct, and EMBASE and Persian databases; SID, Iran medex, ISC to find published articles from 2009 to 2014. In the end, final synthesis was done on eight articles in English. Findings: Effective nursing measurements for relieving post tonsillectomy pain include: decreasing children’s anxiety through children and their families’ psychological preparation by nurses and other caregivers, using cold compress to reduce neck and jaw pain, presenting distraction techniques, offering fluids and cold foods immediately in the period after surgery, creating a comfortable environment for the children, avoiding too much of talking and adequate sleep. Conclusion: It is recommended to the nursing managers and nurses to perform cares achieved from this systematic review to achieve appropriate results in relieving post tonsillectomy pain. PMID:25560345

  8. Trends in the Distribution of Opioids in Puerto Rico, 1999-2013.

    PubMed

    El Burai Félix, Sausan; Mack, Karin A; Jones, Christopher M

    2016-09-01

    Limited information has been published about opioid prescribing practices in Puerto Rico. The objective of this study was to create baseline trends of opioids distributed over a period of fourteen years in Puerto Rico. We examined data from the U.S. Drug Enforcement Administration's Automation of Reports and Consolidated Orders System (ARCOS) for the period 1999-2013. ARCOS data reflects the amount of controlled substances legally dispensed. Analyses include the distribution of opioids (in morphine milligram equivalent kg per 10,000 persons) by year and entity (pharmacy, hospital, practitioner). The distribution of four drugs (fentanyl, hydromorphone, methadone, oxycodone) increased over 100% between 1999 and 2013. The distribution of two drugs (hydrocodone and meperidine) declined between 1999 and 2013. Oxycodone distribution grew from 0.13 MME kg grams per 10,000 persons in 1999 to 0.29 MME kg in 2013. ARCOS data showed that the overall amount of opioid pain relievers distributed in Puerto Rico increased by 68% between 1999 and 2013. Currently, prescription opioid pain reliever overdose deaths in Puerto Rico do not appear to be skyrocketing as they are in the mainland U.S. However, the ongoing problem with prescription opioid pain reliever overdoses in certain areas should serve as a warning to monitor consumption of opioid pain relievers, as well as changes in prescription drug abuse, overdoses, and deaths.

  9. Experience of low-dose aminophylline use to relieve minor adverse effects of dipyridamole in patients undergoing stress myocardial perfusion imaging.

    PubMed

    Lin, Li-Fan; Cheng, Cheng-Yi; Hou, Cheng-Han; Ku, Chih-Hung; Tseng, Neng-Chuan; Shen, Daniel H Y

    2014-06-01

    Intravenous administration of aminophylline is widely adopted to reverse dipyridamole-related adverse effects (AEs) during stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The study aimed to investigate the efficacy of lower-dose aminophylline to relieve minor AEs. 2,250 consecutive patients undergoing dipyridamole-stressed MPI were enrolled. Information concerning AE occurrence and dosages of aminophylline was collected to evaluate the efficacy of lower-dose aminophylline. A logistic regression was used to determine independent predictors of dipyridamole-related AE occurrence. No severe AE was noted. Overall mild AE incidence was 37.0% (833/2,250 patients). Initial low-dose (25 mg) aminophylline relieved symptoms in 98.8% of patients with mild AEs (823/833 patients). An extra 25 mg aminophylline sufficed to reverse all such AEs. Mean body mass index (BMI) differed significantly between patients with and without any AE [25.6 vs 25.1 (P = .009)]. There was no significant difference between two subgroups in mean age, male gender prevalence, body height and weight, dipyridamole dose/BMI, or prevalence of significant perfusion defect(s) on MPI. Multivariable logistic regression demonstrated BMI remained the independent predictor of dipyridamole-related AE occurrence (odds ratio 1.028, 95% confidence interval 1.007-1.049, P = .01). Low-dose (≦50 mg, and usually 25 mg) aminophylline seems sufficient to relieve mild dipyridamole-related AEs during stress MPI.

  10. Evaluation of the efficacy of two mouthrinses formulated for the relief of xerostomia of diverse origin in adult subjects.

    PubMed

    Morales-Bozo, Irene; Rojas, Gonzalo; Ortega-Pinto, Ana; Espinoza, Iris; Soto, Lilian; Plaza, Anita; Lozano, Carla; Urzúa, Blanca

    2012-06-01

    To evaluate the efficacy of two new mouthrinses in the reduction of xerostomía-associated symptomatology. Xerostomia is a common chronic health condition that affects a great number of adults and significantly deteriorates quality of life, such that treatment is necessary. Sixty-seven adult subjects of both sexes presenting xerostomia of diverse origin were selected. Mouthrinses were tested using a double-blind, randomized, cross-over clinical trial with an intervining wash out period. The 100% of subjects presented sensation of dry mouth, and 86% stated sensation of thick saliva. Burning tongue sensation, need to drink liquids to swallow and the sensation of swallowing difficulty were recorded in more than 50% of the patients. The most frequent pathologies in the sample were depression, arthritis, and arterial hypertension. Results of the clinical tests showed that mouthrinse 1 relieves sensation of dry mouth, need to drink liquids, and swallowing difficulty. In contrast, mouthrinse 2 relieves only latter two symptoms. Both rinses were more effective in relieving xerostomía-associated symptomatology in patients taking 3 or more medicines simultaneously. Both mouthrinses were effective in relieving various xerostomia symptoms, could be distributed at a low cost, thereby improving the quality of life of population affected. © 2012 The Gerodontology Society and John Wiley & Sons A/S.

  11. The sustainability of a community pharmacy intervention to improve the quality use of asthma medication.

    PubMed

    Bereznicki, B; Peterson, G; Jackson, S; Walters, E H; Gee, P

    2011-04-01

    A previously published asthma intervention used a software application to data mine pharmacy dispensing records and generate a list of patients with potentially suboptimal management of their asthma; in particular, a high rate of provision of reliever medication. These patients were sent educational material from their community pharmacists and advised to seek a review of their asthma management from their general practitioner. The intervention resulted in a 3-fold improvement in the ratio of dispensed preventer medication (inhaled corticosteroids) to reliever medication (short-acting beta-2 agonists). This follow-up study aimed to determine the long-term effects of the intervention programme on the preventer-to-reliever (P:R) ratio. The same data mining software was modified so that it could re-identify patients who were originally targeted for the intervention. Community pharmacists who participated in the previous intervention installed the modified version of the software. The dispensing data were then de-identified, encrypted and transferred via the Internet to a secure server. The follow-up dispensing data for all patients were compared with their pre- and post-intervention data collected originally. Of the 1551 patients who were included in the original study, 718 (46·3%) were eligible to be included in the follow-up study. The improved P:R ratio was sustained for at least 12 months following the intervention (P < 0·01). The sustained increase in the P:R ratio was attributed to significant decreases in the average daily usage of reliever medication (P < 0·0001). The follow-up study demonstrated a sustained improvement in the ratio of dispensed preventer medication to reliever medication for asthma. The intervention has the potential to show long-lasting and widespread improvements in asthma management, improved health outcomes for patients, and ultimately, a reduced burden on the health system. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

  12. Enhancing Aluminum Reactivity by Exploiting Surface Chemistry and Mechanical Properties

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2015-06-01

    alter its mechanical properties . In bulk material processing , annealing and quenching metals such as Al can relieve residual stress and improve...increasing  Al  reactivity is to alter its mechanical  properties .  In bulk material  processing , annealing and quenching metals such as  Al  can relieve...mechanical properties . On a single particle level, affecting mechanical properties may also affect Al particle reactivity. Aluminum particles underwent

  13. Robot Drills Holes To Relieve Excess Tire Pressures

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carrott, David T.

    1996-01-01

    Small, relatively inexpensive, remotely controlled robot called "tire assault vehicle" (TAV) developed to relieve excess tire pressures to protect ground crew, aircraft equipment, and nearby vehicles engaged in landing tests of CV-990 Landing System Research Aircraft. Reduces costs and saves time in training, maintenance, and setup related to "yellow" and "red" tire conditions. Adapted to any heavy-aircraft environment in which ground-crew safety at risk because of potential for tire explosions. Also ideal as scout vehicle for performing inspections in hazardous locations.

  14. Minimally Invasive Microendoscopic Resection of the Transverse Process for Treatment of Low Back Pain with Bertolotti's Syndrome

    PubMed Central

    Sakai, Toshinori; Higashino, Kosaku; Goda, Yuichiro; Mineta, Kazuaki; Sairyo, Koichi

    2014-01-01

    Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by anomalous enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar segment, causing chronic and persistent low back pain or sciatica. We describe the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with left sciatic pain and low back pain due to a recurrent lumbar disc herniation at L4-5 with Bertolotti's syndrome. Selective L5 nerve root block and local injection of lidocaine into the articulation between the transverse process and sacral ala temporarily relieved the left sciatic pain and low back pain, respectively. To confirm the effect of local injection on low back pain, we gave a second local injection, which once again relieved the low back pain. Microendoscopic resection of the pseudoarticulation region and discectomy successfully relieved all symptoms. This report illustrates the effectiveness of minimally invasive resection of the transverse process for the treatment of low back pain with Bertolotti's syndrome. PMID:25045566

  15. Pressure-relieving properties of a intra-operative warming device.

    PubMed

    Baker, E A; Leaper, D J

    2003-04-01

    The primary objective of this study was to determine differences in interface pressure between four mattress combinations: a standard operating table mattress, a pressure-relieving gel pad and an under-patient warming device set at 38 degrees C (Pegasus Inditherm System) and at ambient temperature. The secondary objective was to determine whether the warming device remains stable in extreme surgical positions. Interface pressures obtained with all four combinations were measured in 10 healthy volunteers using force sensing array technology. The warming device demonstrated better or equivalent pressure relief when compared with the standard gel pad. There was no significant difference in subject position 'shift' between the mattress, the gel pad and the warming device for either the Trendelenberg or reverse Trendelenberg positions. Both pressure-relieving mattresses and warming reduce intra-operative pressure damage. A mattress with both properties may further reduce pressure damage postoperatively. The warming device used in this study appears stable--subject 'slippage' was minimal in extreme positions. Research needs to be conducted among real anaesthetised patients to support these conclusions.

  16. Processing method for forming dislocation-free SOI and other materials for semiconductor use

    DOEpatents

    Holland, Orin Wayne; Thomas, Darrell Keith; Zhou, Dashun

    1997-01-01

    A method for preparing a silicon-on-insulator material having a relatively defect-free Si overlayer involves the implanting of oxygen ions within a silicon body and the interruption of the oxygen-implanting step to implant Si ions within the silicon body. The implanting of the oxygen ions develops an oxide layer beneath the surface of the silicon body, and the Si ions introduced by the Si ion-implanting step relieves strain which is developed in the Si overlayer during the implanting step without the need for any intervening annealing step. By relieving the strain in this manner, the likelihood of the formation of strain-induced defects in the Si overlayer is reduced. In addition, the method can be carried out at lower processing temperatures than have heretofore been used with SIMOX processes of the prior art. The principles of the invention can also be used to relieve negative strain which has been induced in a silicon body of relatively ordered lattice structure.

  17. Minimally Invasive Microendoscopic Resection of the Transverse Process for Treatment of Low Back Pain with Bertolotti's Syndrome.

    PubMed

    Takata, Yoichiro; Sakai, Toshinori; Higashino, Kosaku; Goda, Yuichiro; Mineta, Kazuaki; Sugiura, Kosuke; Sairyo, Koichi

    2014-01-01

    Bertolotti's syndrome is characterized by anomalous enlargement of the transverse process of the most caudal lumbar segment, causing chronic and persistent low back pain or sciatica. We describe the case of a 45-year-old woman who presented with left sciatic pain and low back pain due to a recurrent lumbar disc herniation at L4-5 with Bertolotti's syndrome. Selective L5 nerve root block and local injection of lidocaine into the articulation between the transverse process and sacral ala temporarily relieved the left sciatic pain and low back pain, respectively. To confirm the effect of local injection on low back pain, we gave a second local injection, which once again relieved the low back pain. Microendoscopic resection of the pseudoarticulation region and discectomy successfully relieved all symptoms. This report illustrates the effectiveness of minimally invasive resection of the transverse process for the treatment of low back pain with Bertolotti's syndrome.

  18. Surgical pain management at the Medical School of Salerno (11th-13th centuries).

    PubMed

    Giuffra, Valentina

    2013-06-01

    Before the advent of general anesthesia, only poorly effective remedies were known to relieve pain. Although classical medical authorities describe a number of elaborate surgical techniques, no references about some forms of anesthesia are reported. Only the authors of pharmaceutical or botanical texts mention the use of substances, especially mandrake, to induce sleep in the patient. The first and most detailed evidences of general anesthesia described in medical texts of the western world can be found at the Medical School of Salerno. However, the use of substances aimed to relieve pain or to induce sleep during surgery is mentioned only by the authors of pharmaceutical or botanical texts and not by surgeons. Furthermore, the efficacy of these preparations to produce a profound and lasting sleep is doubtful. The general impression is that surgeons knew how to relieve pain, but considered it a necessary appendix of surgery and therefore an incisive effort to eliminate it was not pursued.

  19. Intracutaneous sterile water injections do not relieve pain in cervicogenic headache.

    PubMed

    Sand, T; Bovim, G; Helde, G

    1992-11-01

    Intracutaneous sterile water injections have been reported to relieve acute labor pain and cervical pain in whip-lash patients. A double blind cross-over trial has presently been conducted in 10 women with cervicogenic headache in order to investigate whether sterile water injections were effective in this disorder. No benefit was observed for either treatment (isotonic saline or sterile water), neither on pain during the first 14 days nor on neck mobility. We conclude that intracutaneous sterile water injections is not effective in cervicogenic headache.

  20. Dynamic optimization of ISR sensors using a risk-based reward function applied to ground and space surveillance scenarios

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    DeSena, J. T.; Martin, S. R.; Clarke, J. C.; Dutrow, D. A.; Newman, A. J.

    2012-06-01

    As the number and diversity of sensing assets available for intelligence, surveillance and reconnaissance (ISR) operations continues to expand, the limited ability of human operators to effectively manage, control and exploit the ISR ensemble is exceeded, leading to reduced operational effectiveness. Automated support both in the processing of voluminous sensor data and sensor asset control can relieve the burden of human operators to support operation of larger ISR ensembles. In dynamic environments it is essential to react quickly to current information to avoid stale, sub-optimal plans. Our approach is to apply the principles of feedback control to ISR operations, "closing the loop" from the sensor collections through automated processing to ISR asset control. Previous work by the authors demonstrated non-myopic multiple platform trajectory control using a receding horizon controller in a closed feedback loop with a multiple hypothesis tracker applied to multi-target search and track simulation scenarios in the ground and space domains. This paper presents extensions in both size and scope of the previous work, demonstrating closed-loop control, involving both platform routing and sensor pointing, of a multisensor, multi-platform ISR ensemble tasked with providing situational awareness and performing search, track and classification of multiple moving ground targets in irregular warfare scenarios. The closed-loop ISR system is fullyrealized using distributed, asynchronous components that communicate over a network. The closed-loop ISR system has been exercised via a networked simulation test bed against a scenario in the Afghanistan theater implemented using high-fidelity terrain and imagery data. In addition, the system has been applied to space surveillance scenarios requiring tracking of space objects where current deliberative, manually intensive processes for managing sensor assets are insufficiently responsive. Simulation experiment results are presented. The algorithm to jointly optimize sensor schedules against search, track, and classify is based on recent work by Papageorgiou and Raykin on risk-based sensor management. It uses a risk-based objective function and attempts to minimize and balance the risks of misclassifying and losing track on an object. It supports the requirement to generate tasking for metric and feature data concurrently and synergistically, and account for both tracking accuracy and object characterization, jointly, in computing reward and cost for optimizing tasking decisions.

  1. Infectious Disease Management through Point-of-Care Personalized Medicine Molecular Diagnostic Technologies

    PubMed Central

    Bissonnette, Luc; Bergeron, Michel G.

    2012-01-01

    Infectious disease management essentially consists in identifying the microbial cause(s) of an infection, initiating if necessary antimicrobial therapy against microbes, and controlling host reactions to infection. In clinical microbiology, the turnaround time of the diagnostic cycle (>24 hours) often leads to unnecessary suffering and deaths; approaches to relieve this burden include rapid diagnostic procedures and more efficient transmission or interpretation of molecular microbiology results. Although rapid nucleic acid-based diagnostic testing has demonstrated that it can impact on the transmission of hospital-acquired infections, we believe that such life-saving procedures should be performed closer to the patient, in dedicated 24/7 laboratories of healthcare institutions, or ideally at point of care. While personalized medicine generally aims at interrogating the genomic information of a patient, drug metabolism polymorphisms, for example, to guide drug choice and dosage, personalized medicine concepts are applicable in infectious diseases for the (rapid) identification of a disease-causing microbe and determination of its antimicrobial resistance profile, to guide an appropriate antimicrobial treatment for the proper management of the patient. The implementation of point-of-care testing for infectious diseases will require acceptance by medical authorities, new technological and communication platforms, as well as reimbursement practices such that time- and life-saving procedures become available to the largest number of patients. PMID:25562799

  2. Communicating The Need For Earth Literacy Across The Curriculum

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Herbstrith, K. G.

    2015-12-01

    California needs 11 trillion gallons of water to relieve the current drought, according to NASA, and there is 1.5 million tons of debris floating across the Pacific Ocean, a side effect of the 2011 earthquake and tsunami that struck Japan. These are merely two examples of the types of massive, global issues that students in high school and college will face in the coming years and decades. With an eye towards preparing students to learn the necessary skills to solve these problems head on, The InTeGrate (Interdisciplinary Teaching about Earth for a Sustainable Future) project is developing a new breed of teaching materials that can be utilized in general education courses, teacher preparation courses, core courses within geoscience majors, and courses designed for other majors including environmental studies, social science, engineering, and other sciences. To interest faculty, educators, and students, we must communicate the need for Earth literacy not just to the general public, but also to other educators across disciplinary fields. To this end, the InTeGrate project is utilizing both macro and micro level communication strategies with key stakeholders, partnering organizations, targeted professional development, a variety of social media platforms, and educators across fields and institutional types. This combination allows us to capitalize on personal interactions while linking them into a communication network that can scale.

  3. The Integration of Technology into Treatment Programs to Aid in the Reduction of Chronic Pain.

    PubMed

    Eckard, Chad; Asbury, Caitlyn; Bolduc, Brandon; Camerlengo, Chelsea; Gotthardt, Julia; Healy, Lauren; Waialae, Laura; Zeigler, Ceirra; Childers, Jennifer; Horzempa, Joseph

    2016-01-01

    In the United States, roughly $600 billion is spent on pain management - usually in the form of addictive opioid drugs. Due to the dangers associated with long-term opiate-based pain medication, the development of additional strategies for chronic pain management is warranted. The advent of smartphones and associated technology has provided healthcare providers with a unique opportunity to provide pain management support. This review summarizes of the use of technology to supplement chronic pain management regimens. Smartphone and internet-based applications that employ online journals facilitate improved communication between patient and clinician and allow for more personalized care and improved pain management. For instance, the e-Ouch application provides a platform for pain logs as well as feedback and coaching to patients via Twitter postings and blogs. Other applications provide online resources and blogs to improve patient education, which has shown to relieve patient symptoms through lifestyle modification. Internet-delivered cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) focuses on the psychological coping mechanisms. The application of technology and smartphone apps toward pain management shows promise toward reducing the use of opioids in pain management, but has yet to be incorporated as a standard practice. More robust studies critically evaluating the efficacy of these technology-based therapies need to be conducted before standardization and insurance coverage can become reality.

  4. Acupuncture attenuates cognitive deficits and increases pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area of vascular dementia rats.

    PubMed

    Li, Fang; Yan, Chao-Qun; Lin, Li-Ting; Li, Hui; Zeng, Xiang-Hong; Liu, Yi; Du, Si-Qi; Zhu, Wen; Liu, Cun-Zhi

    2015-04-28

    Decreased cognition is recognized as one of the most severe and consistent behavioral impairments in dementia. Experimental studies have reported that acupuncture may improve cognitive deficits, relieve vascular dementia (VD) symptoms, and increase cerebral perfusion and electrical activity. Multi-infarction dementia was modeled in rats with 3% microemboli saline suspension. Two weeks after acupuncture at Zusanli (ST36), all rats were subjected to a hidden platform trial to test their 3-day spatial memory using the Morris water maze test. To estimate the numbers of pyramidal neuron, astrocytes, and synaptic boutons in hippocampal CA1 area, we adopted an unbiased stereology method to accurately sample and measure the size of cells. We found that acupuncture at ST36 significantly decreased the escape latency of VD rats. In addition, acupuncture significantly increased the pyramidal neuron number in hippocampal CA1 area (P < 0.05) and tended to decrease the number of astrocytes (P = 0.063). However, there was no significant change in the synaptic bouton number of hippocampal CA1 area in any of the groups (P > 0.05). These findings suggest that acupuncture may improve cognitive deficits and increase pyramidal neuron number of hippocampal CA1 area in VD rats.

  5. AMPAkines Target the Nucleus Accumbens to Relieve Postoperative Pain

    PubMed Central

    Su, Chen; Lin, Hau Yeuh; Yang, Runtao; Xu, Duo; Lee, Michelle; Pawlak, Natalie; Norcini, Monica; Sideris, Alexandra; Recio-Pinto, Esperanza; Huang, Dong; Wang, Jing

    2016-01-01

    Background AMPAkines augment the function of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the brain to increase excitatory outputs. These drugs are known to relieve persistent pain. However, their role in acute pain is unknown. Furthermore, a specific molecular and anatomic target for these novel analgesics remains elusive. Methods We studied the analgesic role of an AMPAkine, CX546, in a rat paw incision (PI) model of acute postoperative pain. We measured the effect of AMPAkines on sensory as well as depressive symptoms of pain using mechanical hypersensitivity and forced swim tests. We asked whether AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key node in the brain's reward and pain circuitry, can be a target for AMPAkine analgesia. Results Systemic administration of CX546 (n=13), compared with control (n=13), reduced mechanical hypersensitivity (50% withdrawal threshold of 6.05±1.30g (mean±SEM) vs. 0.62±0.13g), and it reduced depressive features of pain by decreasing immobility on the forced swim test in PI-treated rats (89.0±15.5s vs. 156.7±18.5s). Meanwhile, CX546 delivered locally into the NAc provided pain-relieving effects in both PI (50% withdrawal threshold of 6.81±1.91g vs. 0.50±0.03g; control n=6, CX546 n=8) and persistent postoperative pain (spared nerve injury – SNI) models (50% withdrawal threshold of 3.85±1.23g vs. 0.45±0.00g; control n=7, CX546 n=11). Blocking AMPA receptors in the NAc with 3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2, 3-dione (NBQX) inhibited these pain-relieving effects (50% withdrawal threshold of 7.18±1.52g vs. 1.59±0.66g; n=8 for PI groups; 10.70±3.45g vs. 1.39±0.88g; n=4 for SNI groups). Conclusions AMPAkines relieves postoperative pain by activating AMPA receptors in the NAc. PMID:27627816

  6. AMPAkines Target the Nucleus Accumbens to Relieve Postoperative Pain.

    PubMed

    Su, Chen; Lin, Hau Yeuh; Yang, Runtao; Xu, Duo; Lee, Michelle; Pawlak, Natalie; Norcini, Monica; Sideris, Alexandra; Recio-Pinto, Esperanza; Huang, Dong; Wang, Jing

    2016-11-01

    AMPAkines augment the function of α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptors in the brain to increase excitatory outputs. These drugs are known to relieve persistent pain. However, their role in acute pain is unknown. Furthermore, a specific molecular and anatomic target for these novel analgesics remains elusive. The authors studied the analgesic role of an AMPAkine, CX546, in a rat paw incision (PI) model of acute postoperative pain. The authors measured the effect of AMPAkines on sensory and depressive symptoms of pain using mechanical hypersensitivity and forced swim tests. The authors asked whether AMPA receptors in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), a key node in the brain's reward and pain circuitry, can be a target for AMPAkine analgesia. Systemic administration of CX546 (n = 13), compared with control (n = 13), reduced mechanical hypersensitivity (50% withdrawal threshold of 6.05 ± 1.30 g [mean ± SEM] vs. 0.62 ± 0.13 g), and it reduced depressive features of pain by decreasing immobility on the forced swim test in PI-treated rats (89.0 ± 15.5 vs. 156.7 ± 18.5 s). Meanwhile, CX546 delivered locally into the NAc provided pain-relieving effects in both PI (50% withdrawal threshold of 6.81 ± 1.91 vs. 0.50 ± 0.03 g; control, n = 6; CX546, n = 8) and persistent postoperative pain (spared nerve injury) models (50% withdrawal threshold of 3.85 ± 1.23 vs. 0.45 ± 0.00 g; control, n = 7; CX546, n = 11). Blocking AMPA receptors in the NAc with 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo[f]quinoxaline-2,3-dione inhibited these pain-relieving effects (50% withdrawal threshold of 7.18 ± 1.52 vs. 1.59 ± 0.66 g; n = 8 for PI groups; 10.70 ± 3.45 vs. 1.39 ± 0.88 g; n = 4 for spared nerve injury groups). AMPAkines relieve postoperative pain by acting through AMPA receptors in the NAc.

  7. The role of arginine vasopressin in electroacupuncture treatment of primary sciatica in human.

    PubMed

    Zhao, Xue-Yan; Zhang, Qi-Shun; Yang, Jun; Sun, Fang-Jie; Wang, Da-Xin; Wang, Chang-Hong; He, Wei-Ya

    2015-08-01

    It has been implicated that electroacupuncture can relieve the symptoms of sciatica with the increase of pain threshold in human, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) in the brain rather than the spinal cord and blood circulation participates in antinociception. Our previous study has proven that AVP in the brain played a role in the process of electroacupuncture analgesia in rat. The goal of the present study was to investigate the role of AVP in electroacupuncture in treating primary sciatica in human. The results showed that (1) AVP concentration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) (7.5 ± 2.5 pg/ml), not plasma (13.2 ± 4.2 pg/ml) in primary sciatica patients was lower than that in health volunteers (16.1 ± 3.8 pg/ml and 12.3 ± 3.4 pg/ml), although the osmotic pressure in CSF and plasma did not change; (2) electroacupuncture of the bilateral "Zusanli" points (St. 36) for 60 min relieved the pain sensation in primary sciatica patients; (3) electroacupuncture increased the AVP level of CSF, not plasma in primary sciatica patients; and (4) there was the positive correlation between the effect of electroacupuncture relieving the pain and the AVP level of CSF in the primary sciatica patients. The data suggested that central AVP, not peripheral AVP might improve the effect of electroacupuncture treatment of primary sciatica in human, i.e., central AVP might take part in the electroacupuncture relieving the pain sensation in primary sciatica patients. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. How does social support relieve depression among flood victims? The contribution of feelings of safety, self-disclosure, and negative cognition.

    PubMed

    Zhen, Rui; Quan, Lijuan; Zhou, Xiao

    2018-03-15

    Depression is one of the most common post-trauma symptoms that can be alleivated by social support. The purpose of this study was to examine the multiple mediating effects of social support on depression via feelings of safety, disclosure, and negative cognition. One hundred and eighty-seven flood victims in Wuhu City, an area affected most severely by a flood during July 2016, were selected to complete a self-report questionnaire package. Social support has four indirect negative effects on depression, including a one-step indirect path to self-disclosure, 2 two-step paths from feelings of safety to self-disclosure, and from self-disclosure to negative cognition about self, and a three-step indirect path from feelings of life safety via self-disclosure to negative self-cognition. All variables were measured using self-report scales. Social support may relieve depression in flood victims by inducing feelings of safety and self-disclosure, and by relieving negative cognition. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  9. The thermal fatigue resistance of H-13 Die Steel for aluminum die casting dies

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1982-01-01

    The effects of welding, five selected surface coatings, and stress relieving on the thermal fatigue resistance of H-13 Die Steel for aluminum die casting dies were studied using eleven thermal fatigue specimens. Stress relieving was conducted after each 5,000 cycle interval at 1050 F for three hours. Four thermal fatigue specimens were welded with H-13 or maraging steel welding rods at ambient and elevated temperatures and subsequently, subjected to different post-weld heat treatments. Crack patterns were examined at 5,000, 10,000, and 15,000 cycles. The thermal fatigue resistance is expressed by two crack parameters which are the average maximum crack and the average cracked area. The results indicate that a significant improvement in thermal fatigue resistance over the control was obtained from the stress-relieving treatment. Small improvements were obtained from the H-13 welded specimens and from a salt bath nitrogen and carbon-surface treatment. The other surface treatments and welded specimens either did not affect or had a detrimental influence on the thermal fatigue properties of the H-13 die steel.

  10. Relieved kink effects in symmetrically graded In0.45Al0.55As/InxGa1-xAs metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Ching-Sung; Liao, Chen-Hsian

    2007-12-01

    Kink effects in an In-rich InxGa1-xAs (x=0.53-0.63) linearly graded channel of an In0.45Al0.55As/InxGa1-xAs metamorphic high-electron-mobility transistor have been effectively relieved by depositing a high-barrier Ni /Au gate with the silicon nitride passivation. Complete physical investigations for the relieved kink effects have been made by comparing identical devices with/without a high-barrier Schottky gate or the surface passivation. After successfully suppressing the kink effects, the proposed device has shown a superior voltage gain of 173.8, low output conductance of 2.09mS/mm, and excellent power-added efficiency of 54.1% with high output power (power gain) of 14.87dBm (14.53dB). Improved linearity and excellent thermal threshold coefficient (∂Vth/∂T) of -0.14mV/K have also been achieved. The proposed design provides good potential for high-gain and high-linearity circuit applications.

  11. Improved Sensitivity of Spectroscopic Quantification of Stable Isotope Content Using Capillary Absorption Spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Moran, J.; Wilcox Freeburg, E.; Kriesel, J.; Linley, T. J.; Kelly, J.; Coleman, M. L.; Christensen, L. E.; Vance, S.

    2016-12-01

    Spectroscopy-based platforms have recently risen to the forefront for making stable isotope measurements of methane, carbon dioxide, water, or other analytes. These spectroscopy systems can be relatively straightforward to operate (versus a mass spectrometry platform), largely relieve the analyst of mass interference artifacts, and many can be used in the field. Despite these significant advantages, however, existing spectroscopy techniques suffer from a lack of measurement sensitivity that can ultimately limit select applications including spatially resolved and compound-specific measurements. Here we present a capillary absorption spectroscopy (CAS) system that is designed to mitigate sensitivity issues in spectroscopy-based stable isotope evaluation. The system uses mid-wave infrared excitation generated from a continuous wave quantum cascade laser. Importantly, the sample `chamber' is a flexible capillary with a total volume of less than one cc. Proprietary coatings on the internal surface of the fiber improve optical performance, guiding the light to a detector and facilitating high levels of interaction between the laser beam and gaseous analytes. We present data demonstrating that a tapered hollow fiber cell, with an internal diameter that broadens toward the detector, reduces optical feedback to further improve measurement sensitivity. Sensitivity of current hollow fiber / CAS systems enable measurements of only 10's of picomoles CO2 while theoretical improvements should enable measurements of as little as 10's of femtomoles. Continued optimization of sample introduction and improvements to optical feedback are being explored. Software is being designed to provide rapid integration of data and generation of processed isotope measurements using a graphical user interface. Taken together, the sensitivity improvements of the CAS system under development could, when coupled to a laser ablation sampling device, enable up to 2 µm spatial resolution (roughly the size of a eukaryotic cell or multiple prokaryotic cells) or provide a basis for compounds specific stable isotope analysis of trace biomarkers. The small size and low weight of the system holds future potential for field and / or remote deployment.

  12. Complications following total inferior turbinectomy: facts or myths?

    PubMed

    Odetoyinbo, O

    1987-10-01

    Various surgical procedures have been described for the relief of chronic nasal obstruction due to inferior turbinate hypertrophy, but none has been consistently satisfactory. We have performed total inferior turbinectomy for this condition for 5 years. Of the 39 patients followed for at least 2 years, 90% were relieved permanently of nasal obstruction. However, only 36% and 61% of patients with rhinorrhoea and anosmia respectively were relieved of these symptoms. Complications were minimal. It is concluded that even in a dry, dusty tropical climate, inferior turbinectomy does not appear to disturb the function of the nasal cavity appreciably.

  13. Relieving stress. A short-term support group for home attendants.

    PubMed

    Blaine, M

    2000-01-01

    Home attendants (HAs) work in relative isolation, burdened by conflicting demands. This article details an eight-session support group for HAs, designed to explore its effects on their work life. Meeting for hour-and-a-half sessions with no fixed agenda, the group offered members an opportunity to communicate with others in similar situations. Participants reported that the group experience helped relieve stress and made them feel less alone. Other benefits included gaining strategies for coping with difficult situations and learning to set boundaries. Further investigation into the effectiveness of similar groups is suggested.

  14. Percutaneous Relief of Tension Pneumomediastinum in a Child

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chau, Helen Hoi-lun; Kwok, Philip Chong-hei; Lai, Albert Kwok-hung

    2003-11-15

    The purpose of this article was to describe the experience of relieving tension pneumomediastinum by a fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous method. We inserted a percutaneous drainage catheter with a Heimlich valve under fluoroscopic guidance to relieve the tension pneumomediastinum in a 2-year-old girl who suffered from dermatomyositis with lung involvement. This allowed immediate relief without the need for surgery. The procedure was repeated for relapsed tension pneumomediastinum. Good immediate results were achieved in each attempt. We conclude that percutaneous relief of pneumomediastinum under fluoroscopic guidance can be performed safely and rapidly in patients not fit for surgery.

  15. A survey of nonmedical use of tranquilizers, stimulants, and pain relievers among college students: patterns of use among users and factors related to abstinence in non-users.

    PubMed

    Brandt, Sara A; Taverna, Elise C; Hallock, Robert M

    2014-10-01

    This study examined lifetime non-medical prescription drug use among college students at a small liberal arts college in the Northeast. We assessed the motives, frequency of use, sources, and perceived emotional/physical risks of nonmedical prescription drugs. Specifically, we examined the non-medical use of prescription pain relievers, stimulants, and anti-anxiety medication. We sent an internet-based survey to 1/3 of the student body and 303 students completed the survey. We found that 36.8% of the sample reported using prescription drugs for non-medical purposes. First-year students were less likely to have used the drugs than those in other class years. Of those reporting use, 48% reported non-medical use of pain relievers, 72.8% reported using stimulants, and 39.8% reported using anti-anxiety medication. The most commonly used pain relievers were Vicodin (hydrocodone/acetaminophen), OxyContin (oxycodone), and codeine (acetaminophen/codeine). The most commonly used stimulants were Adderall (amphetamine/dextroamphetamine) and Ritalin (methylphenidate), while the most commonly used anti-anxiety medication was Xanax (alprazolam). When non-users were asked what factors influenced their choice not to abuse prescription drugs, 82% cited a lack of interest, 61% responded it was due to a fear of damaging their physical health, and 60.1% responded fear of damaging their mental health. This study supports recent findings that show widespread non-medical use of prescription drugs among college students. Our report brings a more detailed understanding of the patterns of drug usage, and the factors influencing both drug use in those who use them and abstinence in those who choose not to use them. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Intraoperative electroacupuncture relieves remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via inhibiting spinal glial activation in rats.

    PubMed

    Shi, Changxi; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Wei; Lei, Yishan; Lu, Cui'e; Sun, Rao; Sun, Yu'e; Jiang, Ming; Gu, Xiaoping; Ma, Zhengliang

    2017-01-01

    Background Accumulating studies have suggested that remifentanil, the widely-used opioid analgesic in clinical anesthesia, can activate the pronociceptive systems and enhance postoperative pain. Glial cells are thought to be implicated in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Electroacupuncture is a complementary therapy to relieve various pain conditions with few side effects, and glial cells may be involved in its antinociceptive effect. In this study, we investigated whether intraoperative electroacupuncture could relieve remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by inhibiting the activation of spinal glial cells, the production of spinal proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of spinal mitogen-activated protein kinases. Methods A rat model of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia was used in this study. Electroacupuncture during surgery was conducted at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) acupoints. Behavior tests, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, were performed at different time points. Astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, microglial marker Iba1, proinflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases in the spinal cord were detected by Western blot and/or immunofluorescence. Results Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were induced by both surgical incision and remifentanil infusion, and remifentanil infusion significantly exaggerated and prolonged incision-induced pronociceptive effects. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Iba1, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK1/2) were upregulated after surgical incision, remifentanil infusion, and especially after their combination. Intraoperative electroacupuncture significantly attenuated incision- and/or remifentanil-induced pronociceptive effects, spinal glial activation, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase upregulation. Conclusions Our study suggests that remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia can be relieved by intraoperative electroacupuncture via inhibiting the activation of spinal glial cells, the upregulation of spinal proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of spinal mitogen-activated protein kinases.

  17. Restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on periodontal ligament-derived stem cell proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation.

    PubMed

    Chen, Zhuo; Liu, Hui-Li

    2017-04-01

    Nicotine hinders the regenerative potentials of human periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) and delays the healing process of periodontal diseases, but the underlying mechanism remains unclear. miR-1305 upregulation and its potential target RUNX2 downregulation exist in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine. In this study, we aimed to investigate whether nicotine inhibits PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation by increasing miR-1305 level and decreasing RUNX2 level. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) and Western blot assays were performed to detect the expression levels of miR-1305 and RUNX2 in the PDLSCs exposed to nicotine, respectively. PDLSCs with miR-1305 overexpression, low expression, or RUNX2 overexpression were constructed by lipofectin transfection. MTT, migration, and Western blot assays were applied to assess the effect of miR-1305 on PDLSC proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation, respectively. Target prediction and luciferase reporter assays were performed to investigate the targets of miR-1305. Nicotine promoted miR-1305 expression and inhibited RUNX2 expression in PDLSCs. Cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation detection showed that nicotine suppressed proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieved the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs. Moreover, we identified and validated that RUNX2 was a direct target of miR-1305, and upregulation of RUNX2 had similar effects with the downregulation of miR-1305 on relieving the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs. Nicotine suppresses proliferation, migration, and osteogenic differentiation of PDLSCs, and restoration of miR-1305 relieves the inhibitory effect of nicotine on PDLSCs depending on its target RUNX2. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  18. Marburg Virus VP24 Protein Relieves Suppression of the NF-κB Pathway Through Interaction With Kelch-like ECH-Associated Protein 1.

    PubMed

    Edwards, Megan R; Basler, Christopher F

    2015-10-01

    Marburg virus (MARV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen that causes hemorrhagic fever. MARV VP24 (mVP24) protein interacts with the host cell protein Kelch-like-ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1). Keap1 interacts with and promotes the degradation of IκB kinase β (IKKβ), a component of the IκB kinase (IKK) complex that regulates nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) activity. We studied whether mVP24 could relieve Keap1 repression of the NF-κB pathway. Coimmunoprecipitation assays were used to examine the interaction between Keap1 and IKKβ in the presence of wild-type mVP24 and mutants of mVP24 defective for binding to Keap1. Western blotting was used to determine levels of IKKβ expression in the presence of Keap1 and mVP24. NF-κB promoter-luciferase assays were used to determine the effect of mVP24 on Keap1-induced repression of activity. Expression of wild-type mVP24 disrupted the interaction of IKKβ and Keap1, whereas weakly interacting and noninteracting mVP24 mutants did not disrupt the interaction between Keap1 and IKKβ. The interaction of mVP24 with Keap1 enhanced IKKβ levels in the presence of Keap1. The interaction of mVP24 with Keap1 also relieved Keap1 repression of NF-κB reporter activity. mVP24 can relieve Keap1 repression of the NF-κB pathway through its interaction with Keap1. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

  19. Precipitating and Relieving Factors of Migraine Headache in 200 Iraqi Kurdish Patients

    PubMed Central

    Al-Shimmery, Ehsan K.

    2010-01-01

    Objectives To study the precipitating and relieving factors of migraine headache in a group of Iraqi Kurdish patients including the effect of fasting in Ramadan, and to estimate the percentage of family history of migraine. Methods A series of 200 migraine cases from different parts of the Kurdistan region in the North of Iraq attending the out-patient Neurology clinic at Rizgary Teaching Hospital and a private Neurology clinic at Erbil City was carried out between October 2007 and May 2008 were reviewed. The precipitating factors and relieving factors for migraine headache were registered and tabulated to be compared with others. Case definition of migraine was based on the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. Results 33% of the patients were aged between 30-39 years, while 40.5% of patients experienced their first attack aged between 20-29 years. Stress or psychological upset was the commonest triggering factor (80%), followed by increasing physical activity (68%), change in weather (65.5%), and in relation to fasting (65%). Fasting in Ramadan was a triggering factor for headaches in 65% of patients. However, there was no significant association between the triggering factors with regards to sex difference. Relief of migraine in the studied sample was achieved using NSAIDs in 50% of patients, and sleep (45.5%). Hence, 61% of the study population had positive family history of migraine, 32.5% of them reported maternal history of migraine. Conclusion Psychological upset, stress and excessive physical activity were the commonest triggering factors of migraine headache, while NSAID was the commonest relieving factor of migraine in this population. Family history was present in 61% of migraine patients based mainly from maternal root. PMID:22043340

  20. Precipitating and relieving factors of migraine headache in 200 iraqi kurdish patients.

    PubMed

    Al-Shimmery, Ehsan K

    2010-07-01

    To study the precipitating and relieving factors of migraine headache in a group of Iraqi Kurdish patients including the effect of fasting in Ramadan, and to estimate the percentage of family history of migraine. A series of 200 migraine cases from different parts of the Kurdistan region in the North of Iraq attending the out-patient Neurology clinic at Rizgary Teaching Hospital and a private Neurology clinic at Erbil City was carried out between October 2007 and May 2008 were reviewed. The precipitating factors and relieving factors for migraine headache were registered and tabulated to be compared with others. Case definition of migraine was based on the International Headache Society (IHS) criteria. 33% of the patients were aged between 30-39 years, while 40.5% of patients experienced their first attack aged between 20-29 years. Stress or psychological upset was the commonest triggering factor (80%), followed by increasing physical activity (68%), change in weather (65.5%), and in relation to fasting (65%). Fasting in Ramadan was a triggering factor for headaches in 65% of patients. However, there was no significant association between the triggering factors with regards to sex difference. Relief of migraine in the studied sample was achieved using NSAIDs in 50% of patients, and sleep (45.5%). Hence, 61% of the study population had positive family history of migraine, 32.5% of them reported maternal history of migraine. Psychological upset, stress and excessive physical activity were the commonest triggering factors of migraine headache, while NSAID was the commonest relieving factor of migraine in this population. Family history was present in 61% of migraine patients based mainly from maternal root.

  1. A behavioral economic analysis of the nonmedical use of prescription drugs among young adults.

    PubMed

    Pickover, Alison M; Messina, Bryan G; Correia, Christopher J; Garza, Kimberly B; Murphy, James G

    2016-02-01

    The nonmedical use of prescription drugs is a widely recognized public health issue, and young adults are particularly vulnerable to their use. Behavioral economic drug purchase tasks capture an individual's strength of desire and motivation for a particular drug. We examined young adult prescription drug purchase and consumption patterns using hypothetical behavioral economic purchase tasks for prescription sedatives/tranquilizers, stimulants, and opiate pain relievers. We also examined relations between demand, use frequency, and Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.; DSM-5) substance use disorder (SUD) symptoms, and sex differences in these relations. Undergraduate students who endorsed past-year prescription drug use (N = 393) completed an online questionnaire for course credit. Measures assessed substance use frequency and DSM-5 SUD symptoms. Hypothetical purchase tasks for sedatives, stimulants, and pain relievers assessed participants' consumption and expenditure patterns for these substances across 25 prices. Past-year prescription sedative, stimulant, and pain reliever use was endorsed by 138, 258, and 189 participants, respectively. Among these users, consumption for their respective substance decreased as a function of ascending price, as expected. Demand indices for a prescription drug were associated with each other and with use frequency and SUD symptoms, with variability across substances but largely not by sex. In addition, demand for prescription pain relievers differentially predicted symptoms independent of use, with differences for females and males. In conclusion, hypothetical consumption and expenditure patterns for prescription drugs were generally well described by behavioral economic demand curves, and the observed associations with use and SUD symptoms provide support for the utility of prescription drug purchase tasks. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved.

  2. Angina Relief by Ranolazine Identifies False-Negative SPECT Myocardial Perfusion Scans in Patients with Coronary Disease Demonstrated by Coronary Angiography.

    PubMed

    Murray, Gary L

    2014-09-01

    Normal myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI) reduces intermediate- or high-risk pretest probability patients to low- or intermediate-risk posttest probability, respectively, for coronary disease (CD). Since ranolazine (RAN) relieves only angina, anginal patients with normal MPI whose angina is relieved by RAN present a significant dilemma. The purpose of this retrospective chart review was to confirm the impression that coronary angiography (CA) is indicated in patients whose class 3 to 4 angina is relieved by RAN, but have normal myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) MPIs. Charts of patients with stable class 3 to 4 angina (typical and atypical) and normal MPIs (left ventricular ejection fraction [LVEF] ≥50% and segmental score = 0) were reviewed. CA was done on all the patients with complete angina relief taking RAN, as well as nonresponders whose anginal etiology could not be explained. Stenoses were considered flow-restrictive when more than 70% diameter stenosis is observed by quantitative CA, or, when 50 to 70%, fractional flow reserve (FFR) measured ≤0.80. RAN relieved angina in 36 of 54 (67%) patients. Of the known cases, 25 of these 36 (69%) had 43 stenoses ≥50% (mean = 66%): 15 (60%) had 1 vessel disease; 9 (36%) had multivessel disease; 18 (72%) had left anterior descending (LAD) disease; 1 (4%) had left main disease. Twenty one of 43 (49%) stenosis were > 70%; 22 (51%) stenoses were 50 to 70% and required FFR measurement. Twenty nine of 43 stenoses (67%) were considered flow-restrictive in 18 of these 25 (72%) patients. Eight RAN nonresponders with no explanation for angina had no CD at CA. RAN angina relief is invaluable in identifying falsely negative SPECT MPI, and 50% of these patients have flow-restrictive stenoses.

  3. Effect of Different Levels of Pressure Relieving Air-Mattress Firmness on Cough Strength

    PubMed Central

    Kamikawa, Norimichi; Taito, Shunsuke; Takahashi, Makoto; Sekikawa, Kiyokazu; Hamada, Hironobu

    2016-01-01

    Cough is an important host-defense mechanism. The elderly and patients who are severely ill cannot cough effectively when lying in the supine position. Furthermore, pressure relieving air-mattresses are recommended for preventing the development of pressure ulcers. In this study, we clarified whether or not the cough peak flow (CPF), an index of cough strength, is affected by different firmness levels of a pressure relieving air-mattress in healthy volunteers in the supine position. Fifty-two healthy young men participated. All the measurements were carried out on each participant in the supine position on a pressure relieving air-mattress. The participants were assessed at two firmness levels, a “hard” and “soft” mode. The CPF, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), and maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) were determined for each mode. The sinking distance of the body into the mattress was measured without any activity and the difference between the sinking distances of the two firmness levels was determined. The CPF, FVC, PEmax, and PImax were determined for each mode. The sinking distance of the body into the mattress was measured and the difference between the sinking distances of the two firmness levels was determined. The CPF, FVC, PEmax and PImax values of the participants coughing on the mattress were significantly lower when the mattress was in “soft” than in “hard” mode. The differences between the sinking distances of the mattress in “soft” and “hard” modes were larger for the anterior superior iliac spine. A harder mattress may lead to increased CPF in healthy young men lying in the supine position, and increased CPF may be important for host defense. PMID:26741497

  4. Effect of Different Levels of Pressure Relieving Air-Mattress Firmness on Cough Strength.

    PubMed

    Kamikawa, Norimichi; Taito, Shunsuke; Takahashi, Makoto; Sekikawa, Kiyokazu; Hamada, Hironobu

    2016-01-01

    Cough is an important host-defense mechanism. The elderly and patients who are severely ill cannot cough effectively when lying in the supine position. Furthermore, pressure relieving air-mattresses are recommended for preventing the development of pressure ulcers. In this study, we clarified whether or not the cough peak flow (CPF), an index of cough strength, is affected by different firmness levels of a pressure relieving air-mattress in healthy volunteers in the supine position. Fifty-two healthy young men participated. All the measurements were carried out on each participant in the supine position on a pressure relieving air-mattress. The participants were assessed at two firmness levels, a "hard" and "soft" mode. The CPF, forced vital capacity (FVC), maximal expiratory pressure (PEmax), and maximal inspiratory pressure (PImax) were determined for each mode. The sinking distance of the body into the mattress was measured without any activity and the difference between the sinking distances of the two firmness levels was determined. The CPF, FVC, PEmax, and PImax were determined for each mode. The sinking distance of the body into the mattress was measured and the difference between the sinking distances of the two firmness levels was determined. The CPF, FVC, PEmax and PImax values of the participants coughing on the mattress were significantly lower when the mattress was in "soft" than in "hard" mode. The differences between the sinking distances of the mattress in "soft" and "hard" modes were larger for the anterior superior iliac spine. A harder mattress may lead to increased CPF in healthy young men lying in the supine position, and increased CPF may be important for host defense.

  5. [Study on composing prescription laws of treating aplastic anemia by Chinese medicine using applying data mining technique].

    PubMed

    Xiang, Yang; Yu, Jing-Wei; Cheng, Yu-Bin; Li, Hai-Xi; Chang, Xiao-Hui; Zhou, Da-Wei; Sun, Feng; Fang, Yong-Guang

    2013-07-01

    To explore composing prescription laws of treating aplastic anemia (AA) by Chinese medicine (CM). The literatures on treating AA by CM were recruited from various medical periodicals at home from 1979 to 2009 including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP information network, and Wangfang data knowledge service platform. The database correlated to CM features was established using the technique of computer data bank. The data mining (DM) technique was applied to analyze drugs sorts, frequency of drug application, and association degree. Three hundred and eleven pertinent literatures including 677 prescriptions and 254 Chinese herbs (CHs) were screened. There were 69 CHs for invigorating deficiency, 42 for heat clearing, 20 for promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, 16 for arresting bleeding, and 16 for relieving exterior syndrome, which occupied the top 5. The frequency of drug application of 254 CHs amounted to 7 547, in which the frequency of drug application of Mongolian milkvetch root, Rehmannia root, Suberect spatholobus stem, Hairyvein agrimonia herb, and Chinese thorowax root were 379, 248, 167, 85, and 13 respectively, and they occupied the first place of CHs for invigorating deficiency, heat clearing, promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis, arresting bleeding, and relieving exterior syndrome, respectively. The number of the prescriptions containing 12, 10, and 11 CHs was occupied the top 3. The coverage rate of the prescription including Mongolian milkvetch root and Chinese angelica was 60%, and thus 4 core drugs groups were established covering invigorating qi and enriching the blood, reinforcing Shen and supporting yang, replenishing yin to tonify Shen, tonifying Shen to replenish essence, and invigorating qi and enriching blood respectively. Summarized were six potential composing prescription laws covering invigorating qi and enriching blood, reinforcing Shen and supporting yang, replenishing yin to tonify Shen, strengthening Pi and harmonizing Wei, tonifying the blood and promoting blood circulation, clearing away heat and toxic materials, and removing heat from the blood to stop bleeding. Applying DM technique, the fundamental core drugs groups consisting of Mongolian milkvetch root and Chinese angelica were discovered. The 4 core drugs groups established were in accordance with the realization of modern CM for the pathomechanism of AA. The 6 composing prescription laws summarized revealed the rules of drug application.

  6. Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) in the Treatment of Schizophrenia: A Review of the Literature to Date.

    PubMed

    Cole, Jonathan C; Green Bernacki, Carolyn; Helmer, Amanda; Pinninti, Narsimha; O'reardon, John P

    2015-01-01

    We reviewed the literature on transcranial magnetic stimulation and its uses and efficacy in schizophrenia. Multiple sources were examined on transcranial magnetic stimulation efficacy in relieving positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Literature review was conducted via Ovid Medline and PubMed databases. We found multiple published studies and metaanalyses that give evidence that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation can have benefit in relieving positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, particularly auditory hallucinations. These findings should encourage the psychiatric community to expand research into other applications for which transcranial magnetic stimulation may be used to treat patients with psychiatric disability.

  7. Workshop proceedings: U-bend tube cracking in steam generators

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shoemaker, C. E.

    1981-06-01

    A design to reduce the rate of tube failure in high pressure feedwater heaters, a number of failed drawn and stress relieved Monel 400 U-bend tubes removed from three high pressure feedwater heaters was examined. Steam extracted from the turbine is used to preheat the boiler feedwater in fossil fuel fired steam plants to improve thermal efficiency. This is accomplished in a series of heaters between the condenser hot well and the boiler. The heaters closest to the boiler handle water at high pressure and temperature. Because of the severe service conditions, high pressure feedwater heaters are frequently tubed with drawn and stress relieved Monel 400.

  8. Results of experimental tests in the MSFC 14 x 14 inch trisonic wind tunnel on a .004 scale model space shuttle integrated vehicle 5 (model 77-O, 74-TS) to relieve wing loads during ascent (IA71)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Allen, E. C.

    1975-01-01

    Results are presented for the 0.004-scale orbiter, external tank, and solid rocket boosters combined as an integrated vehicle in a trisonic wind tunnel at mach numbers from 0.6 to 2.0. The primary test objective was to determine the effectiveness of several methods in relieving the Orbiter wing bending and torsion loads and moments during launch. Effects of several midwing spoilers, termed flipper doors, and Orbiter/external tank incidence were investigated. Photographs are included.

  9. Benign coital headache relieved by partner's pregnancies with implications for future treatment.

    PubMed

    Dexter, Selwyn

    2010-01-01

    This is a case of a male patient with a 27 year history of severe benign coital headache and associated symptoms. His condition was spontaneously relieved in the first trimester of his partner's pregnancy. This relief continued through the remainder of the pregnancy term, returning only after the birth of their child. The timing of the condition's relief and return of symptoms suggested progesterone was an intrinsic factor in this. Post-pregnancy the patient was able to prevent his attacks by taking oral norethisterone 5 mg. While writing this case the patient's partner became pregnant once more, resulting again in spontaneous relief of the patient's syndrome.

  10. Palliative Sedation With Propofol for an Adolescent With a DNR Order.

    PubMed

    Johnson, Liza-Marie; Frader, Joel; Wolfe, Joanne; Baker, Justin N; Anghelescu, Doralina L; Lantos, John D

    2017-08-01

    Death from cancer is often painful. Usually, the pain can be relieved in ways that allow patients to remain awake and alert until the end. Sometimes, however, the only way to relieve pain is to sedate patients until they are unconscious. This method has been called palliative sedation therapy. Palliative sedation therapy is controversial because it can be misunderstood as euthanasia. We present a case in which an adolescent who is dying of leukemia has intractable pain. Experts in oncology, ethics, pain management, and palliative care discuss the trade-offs associated with different treatment strategies. Copyright © 2017 by the American Academy of Pediatrics.

  11. Puerarin blocks the signaling transmission mediated by P2X3 in SG and DRG to relieve myocardial ischemic damage.

    PubMed

    Liu, Shuangmei; Zhang, Chunping; Shi, Qingming; Li, Guilin; Song, Miaomiao; Gao, Yun; Xu, Changshui; Xu, Hong; Fan, Bo; Yu, Shicheng; Zheng, Chaoran; Zhu, Qicheng; Wu, Bing; Peng, Lichao; Xiong, Huangui; Wu, Qin; Liang, Shangdong

    2014-02-01

    P2X₃ receptors in stellate ganglia (SG) and cervical dorsal root ganglia (DRG) neurons are involved in sympathoexcitatory reflex induced by myocardial ischemic damage. Puerarin, a major active ingredient extracted from the traditional Chinese plant medicine Ge-gen, has been widely used in treatment of myocardial and cerebral ischemia. The present study is aimed to observe the effects of puerarin on the signaling transmission mediated by P2X₃ receptor in SG and DRG after myocardial ischemic damage. Our results showed that systolic blood pressure and heart rate increased, and the expression levels of P2X₃ mRNA and protein in SG and DRG were up-regulated after myocardial ischemic damage. Puerarin reduced systolic blood pressure and heart rate, relieved pain and decreased up-regulated expression of P2X₃ mRNA and protein in SG and DRG after myocardial ischemia. Puerarin inhibited the up-regulated ATP-activated currents in DRG neurons after myocardial ischemia. Thus, puerarin can relieve myocardial ischemic damage through blocking the P2X₃ signaling transmission and then depressed the aggravated sympathoexcitatory reflex. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  12. The physical effects of aromatherapy in alleviating work-related stress on elementary school teachers in taiwan.

    PubMed

    Liu, Shing-Hong; Lin, Tzu-Hsin; Chang, Kang-Ming

    2013-01-01

    People use aromatherapy to relieve the symptoms of physical and psychological stress. However, previous studies have not precisely clarified a scientific basis for the beneficial effects of aromatherapy. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to elucidate the beneficial effect of aromatherapy in relieving work-related stress. Twenty-nine elementary school teachers from Taiwan participated in this study. The experimental procedures comprised 2 phases. First, we verified the effect of aromatherapy by conducting 2 blind tests. We used natural bergamot essential oil extracted from plants and synthesized a chemical essential oil as the placebo to do the aromatherapy. Second, we analyzed the performance of the aromatherapy treatment on the teachers who had various workloads. We measured the teachers' heart rate variability to evaluate their autonomic nervous system activity. The results show that only the natural bergamot essential oil had an effect and that the aromatherapy treatment relieved work-related stress of teachers with various workloads. However, the aromatherapy treatment had a weak effect on young teachers who had a heavy workload. Moreover, the aromatherapy treatment exhibited no effect on teachers who belong to the abnormal body mass index subgroup having a heavy workload.

  13. Cost-Effectiveness of Second-Generation Antihistamines and Montelukast in Relieving Allergic Rhinitis Nasal Symptoms

    PubMed Central

    Goodman, Michael J.; Jhaveri, Mehul; Saverno, Kim; Meyer, Kellie; Nightengale, Brian

    2008-01-01

    Objective Allergic rhinitis imposes a significant health and economic burden both on individuals and the healthcare system. Second-generation prescription antihistamines, levocetirizine, fexofenadine, and desloratadine, and the leukotriene receptor antagonist, montelukast, differ in their ability to relieve common rhinitis symptoms. The purpose of this study was to compare the cost-effectiveness of prescription agents based on their effectiveness in relieving nasal symptoms. Methods Effectiveness was measured as the composite of nasal symptoms, including congestion, rhinorrhea, and sneezing, from clinical studies that compared each of the 4 comparators to placebo. Direct costs included prescription therapy and rhinitis-related physician office visits. Physician office visit costs were collected from an analysis of the PharMetrics insurance claims database. Sensitivity analyses were conducted using a Monte Carlo simulation to assess the robustness of the average and incremental cost-effectiveness ratios. Results The cost per clinically significant improvement of nasal symptoms for levocetirizine was less than for the other model comparator agents. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratio for levocetirizine dominated montelukast and desloratadine and was lower than either branded or generic fexofenadine. Conclusion Levocetirizine is a cost-effective therapy for the relief of nasal symptoms of allergic rhinitis. PMID:25126257

  14. Aspartame Attenuates 2, 4-Dinitrofluorobenzene-Induced Atopic Dermatitis-Like Clinical Symptoms in NC/Nga Mice.

    PubMed

    Kim, Gun-Dong; Park, Yong Seek; Ahn, Hyun-Jong; Cho, Jeong-Je; Park, Cheung-Seog

    2015-11-01

    Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common multifactorial chronic skin disease that has a multiple and complex pathogenesis. AD is gradually increasing in prevalence globally. In NC/Nga mice, repetitive applications of 2, 4-dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) evoke AD-like clinical symptoms similar to human AD. Aspartame (N-L-α-aspartyl-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester) is a methyl ester of a dipeptide, which is used as an artificial non-nutritive sweetener. Aspartame has analgesic and anti-inflammatory functions that are similar to the function of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as aspirin. We investigated whether aspartame can relieve AD-like clinical symptoms induced by DNFB treatment in NC/Nga mice. Sucrose did not relieve AD-like symptoms, whereas aspartame at doses of 0.5 μg kg(-1) and 0.5 mg kg(-1) inhibited ear swelling and relieved AD-like clinical symptoms. Aspartame inhibited infiltration of inflammatory cells including eosinophils, mast cells, and CD4(+) T cells, and suppressed the expression of cytokines including IL-4 and IFN-γ, and total serum IgE levels. Aspartame may have therapeutic value in the treatment of AD.

  15. [THE GIFT OF THE APPLICATION OF REIKI THERAPY IN CANCER PATIENTS].

    PubMed

    Sánchez Domínguez, Javier

    2016-06-01

    Pain is one of the most feared symptoms of cancer. Bad pain not properly relieved contributes to the suffering of the patient and family. This may encourage them to seek additional complementary and alternative therapies, such as the one in our literature review. Reiki is understood as a healing method that uses universal energy to achieve balance and harmony of body, mind and soul, through the laying on of hands. Reiki is a relatively new the rapyin relation to the relief of the symptoms of cancer. In fact, there are still a few articles in this field. Currently, the authors explore the evidence on the effectiveness of Reiki in relation to cancer pain and symptom control. Due to the increased interest deposited in Reiki by the health professionals--especially for oncology professionals--to relieve the symptoms of cancer, there has been a synthesis of recent studies to provide the evidence so far. After our literature review, we can conclude that there is insufficient evidence on the effectiveness of Reiki in relieving the cancer's symptoms due to the small sample size used, the paucity of studies and the abandonment of the study participants and others.

  16. The Physical Effects of Aromatherapy in Alleviating Work-Related Stress on Elementary School Teachers in Taiwan

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Shing-Hong; Lin, Tzu-Hsin; Chang, Kang-Ming

    2013-01-01

    People use aromatherapy to relieve the symptoms of physical and psychological stress. However, previous studies have not precisely clarified a scientific basis for the beneficial effects of aromatherapy. Therefore, the overall purpose of this study was to elucidate the beneficial effect of aromatherapy in relieving work-related stress. Twenty-nine elementary school teachers from Taiwan participated in this study. The experimental procedures comprised 2 phases. First, we verified the effect of aromatherapy by conducting 2 blind tests. We used natural bergamot essential oil extracted from plants and synthesized a chemical essential oil as the placebo to do the aromatherapy. Second, we analyzed the performance of the aromatherapy treatment on the teachers who had various workloads. We measured the teachers' heart rate variability to evaluate their autonomic nervous system activity. The results show that only the natural bergamot essential oil had an effect and that the aromatherapy treatment relieved work-related stress of teachers with various workloads. However, the aromatherapy treatment had a weak effect on young teachers who had a heavy workload. Moreover, the aromatherapy treatment exhibited no effect on teachers who belong to the abnormal body mass index subgroup having a heavy workload. PMID:24228065

  17. Relieving menstrual obstruction: surgical correction of vaginal agenesis.

    PubMed

    Schmitt, Jennifer J; Arora, Chetna; Gebhart, John B

    2016-04-01

    Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome includes vaginal agenesis with varied uterine development. The objective of this video is to illustrate our surgical technique to create a cervical and vaginal canal to relieve menstrual obstruction for a teenager with a functional uterus and vaginal agenesis. Using vaginal dissection and a mini laparotomy, a sound placed through the fundus of the uterus created an endocervical and vaginal channel to relieve her menstrual obstruction. A Foley catheter stented the cervical canal and a red rubber chest tube catheter stented the vagina until epithelization was achieved. No complications were encountered. The patient was examined with intermittent hysteroscopy with gentle dilation of the cervix. She had the red rubber catheter removed at 3 months, and she started using a small dilator. Her menses were suppressed with a gonadotropin releasing-hormone agonist allowing for complete healing. She is now 17. Her vaginal canal is well-epithelialized. Hysteroscopy confirmed a patent endocervical canal and uterine cavity. MRKH is rare. A small percentage of affected women has a functional endometrium requiring intervention for menstrual obstruction. Full vaginal reconstruction may be considered, but creation of a small canal to provide menstrual relief can be a temporary solution in those not desiring sexual function.

  18. Spa therapy (balneotherapy) relieves mental stress, sleep disorder, and general health problems in sub-healthy people

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, Bei; Qin, Qi-zhong; Han, Ling-li; Lin, Jing; Chen, Yu

    2018-02-01

    To investigate the relieving effects of hot spring balneotherapy on mental stress, sleep disorder, general health problems, and women's health problems in sub-healthy people, we recruited 500 volunteers in sub-health in Chongqing, and 362 volunteers completed the project, including 223 in the intervention group and 139 in the control group. The intervention group underwent hot spring balneotherapy for 5 months, while the control group did not. The two groups took questionnaire investigation (general data, mental stress, emotional status, sleep quality, general health problems, as well as some women's health problems) and physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar) 5 months before and after the intervention, respectively. After intervention, sleep disorder (difficulty in falling asleep ( P = 0.017); dreaminess, nightmare suffering, and restless sleep ( P = 0.013); easy awakening ( P = 0.003) and difficulty in falling into sleep again after awakening( P = 0.016); and mental stress ( P = 0.031) and problems of general health (head pain ( P = 0.026), joint pain( P = 0.009), leg or foot cramps ( P = 0.001), blurred vision ( P = 0.009)) were relieved significantly in the intervention group, as compared with the control group. While other indicators (fatigue, eye tiredness, limb numbness, constipation, skin allergy) and women's health problems (breast distending pain; dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation) were relieved significantly in the self-comparison of the intervention group before and after intervention ( P < 0.05), but showed no statistically significant difference between two groups ( P > 0.05). All indications (except bad mood, low mood, and worry or irritability) in the intervention group significantly improved, with effect size from 0.096 to 1.302. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency, length, and location of balneotherapy in the intervention group were the factors influencing emotion, sleep, and health condition ( P < 0.05). Relief of insomnia, fatigue, and leg or foot cramps was greater in old-age group than in young-aged group ( P < 0.05). Physical examination found that waist circumferences in women of various ages under 55 years were significantly reduced in the intervention group ( P < 0.05), while that in men did not significantly change ( P > 0.05). Spa therapy (balneotherapy) relieves mental stress, sleep disorder, general health, and reduces women's waist circumferences in sub-healthy people.

  19. Nanocrystals-Related Synthesis, Assembly, and Energy Applications

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zou, Bo; Yu, Williams; Seo, Jaetae

    2012-01-01

    During the past decades, nanocrystals have attracted broad attention due to their unique shape- and size-dependent physical and chemical properties that differ drastically from their bulk counterparts. Hitherto, much effort has been dedicated to achieving rational controlling over the morphology, assembly, and related energy applications of the nanomaterials. Therefore, the ability to manipulate the morphology, size, and size distribution of inorganic nanomaterials is still an important goal in modern materials physics and chemistry. Especially, the world s demand for energy supply is causing a dramatic escalation of social and political unrest. Likewise, the environmental impact of the global climate changemore » due to the combustion of fossil fuel is becoming increasingly alarming. These problems compel us to search for effective routes to build devices that can supply sustainable energy, with not only high efficiency but also environmental friendship. One of ways to relieve the energy crisis is to exploit devices based on renewable energy sources, such as solar energy and water power. Aiming at this exploration, the primary stage requires the design of appropriate strategies for the synthesis of high-quality nanocrystals with respect to size uniformity and superior electrochemical performances. As a consequence, we organize the current special issue for Journal of Nanomaterials to provide the authors with a platform and readers with the latest achievements of nanocrystals-related synthesis, assembly, and energy applications.« less

  20. Effects of self-ligating brackets on oral hygiene and discomfort: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled clinical trials.

    PubMed

    Yang, X; Su, N; Shi, Z; Xiang, Z; He, Y; Han, X; Bai, D

    2017-02-01

    Self-ligating brackets (SLBs) are widely adopted in clinic owing to their claimed superiorities. Here, we collected and analysed all randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) comparing SLBs with conventional brackets (CBs) and thereby investigated whether SLBs can relieve discomfort or promote oral hygiene. Electronic databases including MEDLINE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, EMBASE, World Health Organization International Clinical Trials Registry Platform, Chinese BioMedical Literature Database and the China National Knowledge Infrastructure were searched to find out RCTs comparing active or passive SLBs with CBs. Two reviewers extracted the data and assessed risks of bias independently. Any disagreement between them was resolved through discussion with a third reviewer. Meta-analysis was conducted on Review Manager 5.3. A total of 12 RCTs with 575 participants were included, and eight of the trials were synthesized quantitatively. Two trials were assessed as low risk of bias, whereas others as unclear risk of bias. Passive SLBs and CBs are not significantly different in plaque control. SLBs and CBs are not significantly different in discomfort reduction at any of four time points (4 h, 24 h, 3 days and 7 days). Clinical evidences from existing RCTs suggest that SLBs do not outperform CBs in reliving discomfort or promoting oral health in clinic. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

  1. Developing a Business Intelligence Process for a Training Module in SharePoint 2010

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Schmidtchen, Bryce; Solano, Wanda M.; Albasini, Colby

    2015-01-01

    Prior to this project, training information for the employees of the National Center for Critical Processing and Storage (NCCIPS) was stored in an array of unrelated spreadsheets and SharePoint lists that had to be manually updated. By developing a content management system through a web application platform named SharePoint, this training system is now highly automated and provides a much less intensive method of storing training data and scheduling training courses. This system was developed by using SharePoint Designer and laying out the data structure for the interaction between different lists of data about the employees. The automation of data population inside of the lists was accomplished by implementing SharePoint workflows which essentially lay out the logic for how data is connected and calculated between certain lists. The resulting training system is constructed from a combination of five lists of data with a single list acting as the user-friendly interface. This interface is populated with the courses required for each employee and includes past and future information about course requirements. The employees of NCCIPS now have the ability to view, log, and schedule their training information and courses with much more ease. This system will relieve a significant amount of manual input and serve as a powerful informational resource for the employees of NCCIPS in the future.

  2. Adenomyosis

    MedlinePlus

    ... relieves symptoms. When to Contact a Medical Professional Call your provider if you develop symptoms of adenomyosis. Alternative Names Endometriosis interna; Adenomyoma; Pelvic pain - adenomyosis References Bulun ...

  3. Stereotype threat as a trigger of mind-wandering in older adults.

    PubMed

    Jordano, Megan L; Touron, Dayna R

    2017-05-01

    Older adults (OAs) report less overall mind-wandering than younger adults (YAs) but more task-related interference (TRI; mind-wandering about the task). The current study examined TRI while manipulating older adults' performance-related concerns. We compared groups for which memory-related stereotype threat (ST) was activated or relieved to a control group. Participants completed an operation span task containing mind-wandering probes. ST-activated OAs reported more TRI than ST-relieved OAs and had worse performance on the operation span task. This study illustrates that environmental context triggers current concerns and determines, in part, the frequency and content of mind-wandering. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2017 APA, all rights reserved).

  4. Frustration relieved ferrimagnetism in novel A- and B-site-ordered quadruple perovskite.

    PubMed

    Chen, Wei-tin; Mizumaki, Masaichiro; Saito, Takashi; Shimakawa, Yuichi

    2013-07-28

    A novel A- and B-site-ordered quadruple perovskite CaCu3Fe2Sb2O12 was obtained and it shows ferrimagnetism below about 170 K. The B-site Fe spin sublattice adapts a tetrahedral framework in a cubic structure and the Fe(3+)-Fe(3+) antiferromagnetic interaction can result in a geometrical spin frustration as seen in a simple perovskite Ca2FeSbO6. With the introduction of Cu(2+) into the A' site, the antiferromagnetic spin frustration is relieved by the strong Cu(2+)-Fe(3+) interaction, and a ferrimagnetic ordering appears at a much higher temperature than the spin-glass transition temperature.

  5. [Thinking of therapeutic mechanism of small knife needle in treating closed myofascitis].

    PubMed

    Zhao, Yong; Fang, Wei; Qin, Wei-kai

    2014-09-01

    The authors investigated and discussed therapeutic mechanism of small knife needle in treating closed myofascitis on the basis of pathomechanism of modern medicine and acupuncture theory of TCM among numbers of clinical cases and experimental data. Therapeutic mechanism lies in 6 aspects: (1) Relieve the energy crisis of tenderness point on muscular fasciae; (2) Affect nervous system and reduce induction of harmful stimulating signal; (3) Inhibit aseptic inflammatory reaction on muscular fasciae; (4) Regulate dynamic equilibrium of soft tissue by cutting scar and releasing the conglutination; (5) Increase patients' regional threshold of feeling; (6) Reduce tension and pressure of soft tissue of tenderness point so as to relieve extrusion of nervus cutaneous.

  6. Benign coital headache relieved by partner’s pregnancies with implications for future treatment

    PubMed Central

    Dexter, Selwyn

    2010-01-01

    This is a case of a male patient with a 27 year history of severe benign coital headache and associated symptoms. His condition was spontaneously relieved in the first trimester of his partner’s pregnancy. This relief continued through the remainder of the pregnancy term, returning only after the birth of their child. The timing of the condition’s relief and return of symptoms suggested progesterone was an intrinsic factor in this. Post-pregnancy the patient was able to prevent his attacks by taking oral norethisterone 5 mg. While writing this case the patient’s partner became pregnant once more, resulting again in spontaneous relief of the patient’s syndrome. PMID:22315637

  7. Chronic Pain

    MedlinePlus

    ... They include Pain Relievers and other medicines Acupuncture Electrical stimulation Surgery Physical therapy Psychotherapy Relaxation and meditation therapy Biofeedback NIH: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke

  8. Application of a pressure-relieving air compliance chamber in a single-pulsatile extracorporeal life support system: an experimental study.

    PubMed

    Kim, Tae Sik; Sun, Kyung; Lee, Kyu Baek; Lee, Hye Won; Baek, Kwang Je; Park, Sung Young; Son, Ho Sung; Kim, Kwang Taik; Kim, Hyoung Mook

    2004-12-01

    Nonpulsatile blood pumps are mainly used in extracorporeal life support systems. Although pulsating blood flow is known to be physiological, a pulsatile pump is not commonly applied in a circuit with a membrane oxygenator because of damage to the blood cells. The hypothesis that the placement of a pressure-relieving compliance chamber in a circuit might reduce blood cell trauma was tested. An extracorporeal life support circuit was constructed in an acute lung injury model of dogs by oleic acid infusion. The animals were divided into three groups. In group I (n = 6) a nonpulsatile centrifugal pump was used as a control. In group II (n = 4) a single-pulsatile pump was used, and in group III (n = 6) a single-pulsatile pump equipped with a compliance chamber was used. Pump flow was maintained at 1.8-2.0 L/min for 2 h. Hemodynamics and blood gas analyses indicated that the pulsatile groups II and III had better results than the nonpulsatile group I. The plasma-free hemoglobin level, which indicates blood cell trauma, was the lowest in group I and the highest in group II but was significantly decreased in group III. A pressure-relieving compliance chamber could significantly reduce high circuit pressures and blood cell trauma.

  9. Duloxetine Plasma Concentrations and Its Effectiveness in the Treatment of Nonorganic Chronic Pain in the Orofacial Region.

    PubMed

    Kobayashi, Yuka; Nagashima, Wataru; Tokura, Tatsuya; Yoshida, Keizo; Umemura, Eri; Miyauchi, Tomoya; Arao, Munetaka; Ito, Mikiko; Kimura, Hiroyuki; Kurita, Kenichi; Ozaki, Norio

    The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between the pain-relieving effects of duloxetine and its plasma concentrations in patients with burning mouth syndrome and atypical odontalgia characterized by chronic nonorganic pain in the orofacial region. We administered duloxetine to 77 patients diagnosed as having burning mouth syndrome or atypical odontalgia for 12 weeks. The initial dose of duloxetine was established as 20 mg/d and was increased to 40 mg/d after week 2. We evaluated pain using the visual analog scale and depressive symptoms using the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale at weeks 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 and measured plasma concentrations of duloxetine 12 weeks after the start of its administration. Visual analog scale scores were significantly lower 12 weeks after than at the start of the administration of duloxetine (paired t test, t = 6.65, P < 0.0001). We examined the relationship between the rate of decreases in visual analog scale scores and plasma concentrations of duloxetine. There was no significant linear regression or quadratic regression. Duloxetine significantly relieved pain in patients with chronic nonorganic pain in the orofacial region. However, no relationship was observed between its pain-relieving effects and plasma concentrations.

  10. Psychological stress-relieving effects of chewing - Relationship between masticatory function-related factors and stress-relieving effects.

    PubMed

    Tasaka, Akinori; Kikuchi, Manaki; Nakanishi, Kousuke; Ueda, Takayuki; Yamashita, Shuichiro; Sakurai, Kaoru

    2018-01-01

    The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between masticatory function-related factors (masticatory performance, occlusal contact area, maximum bite force, number of chewing strokes, and muscle activity) and the stress-relieving effects of chewing. A total of 28 healthy male subjects were instructed to rest or chew for 10min after 30min of stress loading with arithmetic calculations. Their stress state was assessed by measuring salivary cortisol levels. Saliva was collected at three time points: before stress loading, immediately after stress loading, and 10min after stress loading. Compared to resting, chewing produced a significantly greater reduction in the rate of change in salivary cortisol levels 10min after stress loading. A negative correlation was observed between the rate of decrease in salivary cortisol levels and the number of chewing strokes. No significant correlation was observed between the rate of decrease in salivary cortisol levels and other measurement items. In healthy dentulous people, the number of chewing strokes has been shown to be a masticatory function-related factor that affects stress relief from chewing, suggesting the possibility that more appropriate chewing would produce a greater effect psychological stress relief. Copyright © 2017 Japan Prosthodontic Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  11. Paraesthesia and peripheral neuropathy.

    PubMed

    Beran, Roy

    2015-03-01

    Paraesthesia reflects an abnormality affecting the sensory pathways anywhere between the peripheral sensory nervous system and the sensory cortex. As with all neurology, the fundamental diagnostic tool is a concise history, devoid of potentially ambiguous jargon, which properly reflects the true nature of what the patient is experiencing, provocateurs, precipitating and relieving factors, concomitant illnesses, such as diabetes, and any treatments that could evoke neuropathies. Some localised neuropathies, such as carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) or ulnar neuropathy, produce classical features, such as weakness of the 'LOAF' (lateral two lumbricals, opponens pollicis, abductor pollicis brevis and flexor pollicis brevis) median innervated muscles, thereby obviating need for further neurophysiology. Nerve conduction studies may be necessary to diagnose peripheral neuropathy, but they may also be normal with small fibre neuropathy. Even with a diagnosis of peripheral neuropathy, definition of the underlying cause may remain elusive in a significant proportion of cases, despite involvement of consultants. Treatment is based on the relevant diagnosis and mechanism to address the cause. This includes better glycaemic control for diabetes, night splint for CTS or elbow padding for ulnar neuropathy, modifying lifestyle with reduced alcohol consumption or replacing dietary deficiencies or changing medications where appropriate and practical. Should such intervention fail to relieve symptoms, consideration of intervention to relieve symptoms of neuropathic pain may be required.

  12. Is reiki or prayer effective in relieving pain during hospitalization for cesarean? A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

    PubMed

    Ferraz, Guilherme Augusto Rago; Rodrigues, Meline Rosseto Kron; Lima, Silvana Andrea Molina; Lima, Marcelo Aparecido Ferraz; Maia, Gabriela Lopes; Pilan, Carlos Alberto; Omodei, Michelle Sako; Molina, Ana Cláudia; El Dib, Regina; Rudge, Marilza Vieira Cunha

    2017-01-01

    This systematic review compared reiki and prayer with drug use for relieving pain during hospitalization for cesarean, given that the popularity of integrative medicine and spiritual healing has been increasing. It had the aim of evaluating whether reiki or prayer is effective in relieving pain during cesarean section. Systematic review with meta-analysis conducted at Botucatu Medical School, UNESP, São Paulo, Brazil. The following databases were searched up to March 2016: MEDLINE, Embase, LILACS and CENTRAL. Randomized controlled trials published in English or Portuguese were included in the review. Two reviewers independently screened eligible articles, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias. A GRADE table was produced to evaluate the risk of bias. There was evidence with a high risk of bias showing a statistically significant decrease in pain score through use of reiki and prayer, in relation to the protocol group: mean difference = -1.68; 95% confidence interval: -1.92 to -1.43; P < 0.00001; I2 = 92%. Furthermore, there was no statistically significant difference in heart rate or systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Evidence with a high risk of bias suggested that reiki and prayer meditation might be associated with pain reduction.

  13. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Trichostatin A and MCP30 Relieve Benzene-Induced Hematotoxicity via Restoring Topoisomerase IIα.

    PubMed

    Chen, Jingjing; Zheng, Zhouyi; Chen, Yi; Li, Jiaqi; Qian, Shanhu; Shi, Yifen; Sun, Lan; Han, Yixiang; Zhang, Shenghui; Yu, Kang

    2016-01-01

    Dysfunction of histone acetylation inhibits topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), which is implicated in benzene-induced hematotoxicity in patients with chronic benzene exposure. Whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can relieve benzene-induced hematotoxicity remains unclear. Here we showed that hydroquinone, a main metabolite of benzene, increased the HDAC activity, decreased the Topo IIα expression and induced apoptosis in human bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro, and treatment with two HDAC inhibitors, namely trichostatin A (TSA) or a mixture of ribosome-inactivating proteins MCP30, almost completely reversed these effects. We further established a benzene poisoning murine model by inhaling benzene vapor in a container and found that benzene poisoning decreased the expression and activity of Topo IIα, and impaired acetylation of histone H4 and H3. The analysis of regulatory factors of Topo IIα promoter found that benzene poisoning decreased the mRNA levels of SP1 and C-MYB, and increased the mRNA level of SP3. Both TSA and MCP30 significantly enhanced the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in Topo IIα promoter and increased the expression and activity of Topo IIα in benzene poisoning mice, which contributed to relieve the symptoms of hematotoxicity. Thus, treatment with HDAC inhibitors represents an attractive approach to reduce benzene-induced hematotoxicity.

  14. Numerical study on the responses of groundwater and strata to pumping and recharge in a deep confined aquifer

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Yang-Qing; Wang, Jian-Hua; Chen, Jin-Jian; Li, Ming-Guang

    2017-05-01

    Groundwater drawdown and strata settlements induced by dewatering in confined aquifers can be relieved by artificial recharge. In this study, numerical simulations of a field multi-well pumping-recharge test in a deep confined aquifer are conducted to analyze the responses of groundwater and strata to pumping and recharge. A three-dimensional numerical model is developed in a finite-difference software, which considers the fluid-mechanical interaction using the Biot consolidation theory. The predicted groundwater drawdown and ground settlements are compared to the measured data to confirm the validation of the numerical analysis of the pumping and recharge. Both numerical results and measured data indicate that the effect of recharge on controlling the groundwater drawdown and strata settlements correlates with the injection rate and well arrangements. Since the groundwater drawdown induced by pumping can be controlled by artificial recharge, soil compression can be relieved by reducing the changes of effective stress of the soils. Consequently, strata settlement induced by pumping can be relieved by artificial recharge and ground settlements can be eliminated if an appropriate injection rate and well arrangement are being determined. Moreover, the changes of the pore pressure and seepage force induced by pumping and recharge will also result in significant horizontal deformations in the strata near the recharge wells.

  15. Evaluation of an active seating system for pressure relief.

    PubMed

    Koo, T K; Mak, A F; Lee, Y L

    1995-01-01

    In the first part of this study, the inflation-pressure and interface-pressure profiles of an active cushion system, the Talley active air bellows cushion, were examined continuously for one complete working cycle using the dynamic pressure monitor. The relationship between the inflation pressure and the interface pressure was explored. A well-defined relationship was found in the areas directly over the air bellows. In the second part of this study, the pressure-relieving characteristics of the active cushion were assessed quantitatively and compared to two types of passive cushions--the Roho high-profile air floatation cushion and the polyurethane (PU) foam cushion. Eight non-disabled subjects were positioned on the active cushion at two inflation-pressure levels--30 mmHg and 60 mmHg, or on the Roho or the PU foam cushions. Interface pressures were recorded using the Oxford pressure monitor. For the active cushion it was shown that the higher the inflation pressure was, the better the pressure-relieving characteristics seemed to be. In general, the pressure-relieving characteristics of the active cushion were not as good as those of the passive cushions being tested. The active cushion could alter the pressures over the ischial tuberosities cyclically but the amount of pressure alternation depended on the relative position of the ischial tuberosities and the air bellows.

  16. Pregabalin

    MedlinePlus

    Pregabalin capsules, oral solution (liquid), and extended-release (long-acting) tablets are used to relieve neuropathic pain (pain from damaged nerves) that can occur in your arms, hands, fingers, ...

  17. PRE- AND POST-SYNAPTIC EFFECTS OF MANIPULATING SURFACE CHARGE WITH DIVALENT CATIONS AT THE PHOTORECEPTOR SYNAPSE

    PubMed Central

    CADETTI, L.; THORESON, W. B.; PICCOLINO, M.

    2006-01-01

    Persistence of horizontal cell (HC) light responses in extracellular solutions containing low Ca2+ plus divalent cations to block Ca2+ currents (ICa) has been attributed to Ca2+-independent neurotransmission. Using a retinal slice preparation to record both ICa and light responses, we demonstrate that persistence of HC responses in low [Ca2+]o can instead be explained by a paradoxical increase of Ca2+ influx into photoreceptor terminals arising from surface charge-mediated shifts in ICa activation. Consistent with this explanation, application of Zn2+ or Ni2+ caused a hyperpolarizing block of HC light responses that was relieved by lowering [Ca2+]o. The same concentrations of Zn2+ and Ni2+ reduced the amplitude of ICa at the rod dark potential and this reduction was relieved by a hyperpolarizing shift in voltage dependence induced by lowering [Ca2+]o. Block of ICa by Mg2+, which has weak surface charge effects, was not relieved by low [Ca2+]o. Recovery of HC responses in low [Ca2+]o was assisted by enhancement of rod light responses. To bypass light stimulation, OFF bipolar cells were stimulated by steps to −40 mV applied to presynaptic rods during simultaneous paired recordings. Consistent with surface charge theory, the post-synaptic current was inhibited by Zn2+ and this inhibition was relieved by lowering [Ca2+]o. Nominally divalent-free media produced inversion of HC light responses even though rod light responses remained hyperpolarizing; HC response inversion can be explained by surface charge-mediated shifts in ICa. In summary, HC light responses modifications induced by low divalent cation solutions can be explained by effects on photoreceptor light responses and membrane surface charge without necessitating Ca2+-independent neurotransmission. Furthermore, these results suggest that surface charge effects accompanying physiological changing divalent cation levels in the synaptic cleft may provide a means for modulating synaptic output from photoreceptors. PMID:15541900

  18. Intraoperative electroacupuncture relieves remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia via inhibiting spinal glial activation in rats

    PubMed Central

    Shi, Changxi; Liu, Yue; Zhang, Wei; Lei, Yishan; Lu, Cui’e; Sun, Rao; Sun, Yu’e; Jiang, Ming; Gu, Xiaoping; Ma, Zhengliang

    2017-01-01

    Background Accumulating studies have suggested that remifentanil, the widely-used opioid analgesic in clinical anesthesia, can activate the pronociceptive systems and enhance postoperative pain. Glial cells are thought to be implicated in remifentanil-induced hyperalgesia. Electroacupuncture is a complementary therapy to relieve various pain conditions with few side effects, and glial cells may be involved in its antinociceptive effect. In this study, we investigated whether intraoperative electroacupuncture could relieve remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia by inhibiting the activation of spinal glial cells, the production of spinal proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of spinal mitogen-activated protein kinases. Methods A rat model of remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia was used in this study. Electroacupuncture during surgery was conducted at bilateral Zusanli (ST36) acupoints. Behavior tests, including mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia, were performed at different time points. Astrocytic marker glial fibrillary acidic protein, microglial marker Iba1, proinflammatory cytokines, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases in the spinal cord were detected by Western blot and/or immunofluorescence. Results Mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were induced by both surgical incision and remifentanil infusion, and remifentanil infusion significantly exaggerated and prolonged incision-induced pronociceptive effects. Glial fibrillary acidic protein, Iba1, proinflammatory cytokines (interleukin-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α), and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinases (p-p38, p-JNK, and p-ERK1/2) were upregulated after surgical incision, remifentanil infusion, and especially after their combination. Intraoperative electroacupuncture significantly attenuated incision- and/or remifentanil-induced pronociceptive effects, spinal glial activation, proinflammatory cytokine upregulation, and phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase upregulation. Conclusions Our study suggests that remifentanil-induced postoperative hyperalgesia can be relieved by intraoperative electroacupuncture via inhibiting the activation of spinal glial cells, the upregulation of spinal proinflammatory cytokines, and the activation of spinal mitogen-activated protein kinases. PMID:28825338

  19. Patterns of analgesic use to relieve tooth pain among residents in British Columbia, Canada

    PubMed Central

    2017-01-01

    The use of prescription opioids has increased dramatically in Canada in recent decades. This rise in opioid prescriptions has been accompanied by increasing rates of opioid-related abuse and addiction, creating serious public health challenges in British Columbia (BC), one of Canada's most populated provinces. Our study explores the relationship between dental pain and prescription opioid use among residents in BC. We used data from the 2003 Canadian Community Health Survey (CCHS), which asked respondents about their use of specific analgesic medications, including opioids, and their history of tooth pain in the past month. We used logistic regression, controlling for potential confounding variables, to identify the predictive value of socioeconomic factors, oral health-related variables, and dental care utilization indicators. The Relative Index of Inequality (RII) was calculated to assess the magnitude of socioeconomic inequalities in the use of particular analgesics by incorporating income-derived ridit values into a binary logistic regression model. Our results showed that conventional non-opioid based analgesics (such as aspirin or Tylenol) and opioids were more likely to be used by those who had experienced a toothache in the past month than those who did not report experiencing a toothache. The use of non-opioid painkillers to relieve tooth pain was associated with more recent and more frequent dental visits, better self-reported oral health, and a greater income. Conversely, a lower household income was associated with a preference for opioid use to relieve tooth pain. The RII for recent opioid use and conventional painkiller use were 2.06 (95% CI: 1.75–2.37) and 0.62 (95% CI: 0.35–0.91), respectively, among those who experienced recent tooth pain, suggesting that adverse socioeconomic conditions may influence the need for opioid analgesics to relieve dental pain. We conclude that programs and policies targeted at improving the dental health of the poor may help to reduce the use of prescription opioids, thereby narrowing health inequalities within the broader society. PMID:28459825

  20. Comparison of nicotine oral soluble film and nicotine lozenge on efficacy in relief of smoking cue-provoked acute craving after a single dose of treatment in low dependence smokers.

    PubMed

    Du, Daniel; Nides, Mitchell; Borders, James; Selmani, Alex; Waverczak, William

    2014-11-01

    Pilot study results suggested that a new form of nicotine oral soluble film relieved smoking cue-provoked acute craving faster than nicotine lozenge or gum. The new nicotine film may provide smokers another choice to relieve acute craving. This study compared the efficacy of the 2.5 mg nicotine oral soluble film to 2 mg nicotine lozenge for acute relief of smoking cue-provoked craving. A randomized, open label, active comparator controlled, parallel group study was conducted with 322 smokers enrolled. After 4 h of abstinence from smoking, eligible subjects were exposed to smoking cues as provocation. Immediately after the post-provocation baseline craving assessment using a 0-100 mm visual analogue scale (VAS), subjects took a randomized single dose of either the 2.5 mg nicotine film or the 2 mg nicotine lozenge. Craving assessments were completed at 50 s, 3 min, 5 min, 7 min, 15 min, 20 min, 25 min and 30 min after drug administration. Both treatments reduced cue-induced craving and had similar maximum effects on craving relief. However, the 2.5 mg nicotine film relieved cue-induced craving to a greater degree than the 2 mg nicotine lozenge at 50 s (mean difference: -4.9, p = 0.014), 3 min (mean difference: -6.7, p = 0.011), and 5 min (mean difference: -5.6, p = 0.049) post-treatment. The study confirmed the results from the pilot study. The 2.5 mg nicotine film relieved cue-provoked craving much quicker than the 2 mg nicotine lozenge while both having similar maximum effects. Nicotine film could be useful to provide quick craving relief for low dependence smokers.

  1. Manoeuvring along the edge of breathlessness: an ethnographic case study of two nurses.

    PubMed

    Jellington, Maria Omel; Overgaard, Dorthe; Sørensen, Erik Elgaard

    2016-01-01

    There appears to be divergence between nurses' and patients' perceptions of dyspnoea onset and on how help should be given. This may affect how nurses understand and assess their patients' anxiety and the severity of dyspnoea, potentially diminishing their chances of relieving patients' dyspnoea. The aim of this study was to explore nurse-patient interaction in situations where patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are experiencing acute or worsened dyspnoea in a hospital setting. An ethnographic study using participant observation of two nurses' interactions with six patients, followed by qualitative in-depth interviews with the nurses. Data were analysed in three steps. First, they were coded for identification of preliminary themes. Second, data were regrouped into preliminary themes for focused analysis which led to formulation of themes and subthemes. Third, hermeneutical principles were used as all data were interpreted from the viewpoint of each theme. Three themes were identified: Manoeuvring along the edge; Dyspnoea within the pattern; and Dyspnoea outside the pattern. They were encompassed by the main finding: Manoeuvring along the edge of breathlessness. The nurses attempted to navigate between implicit and explicit care approaches and to create a sphere for relieving or avoiding further worsening of dyspnoea. Depending on the identified pattern for a particular dyspnoeic episode, nurses attributed different significance to the dyspnoea. Interacting in dyspnoeic situations places nurses in a dilemma: an implicit approach risk, deriving from exclusion of patients and performing hesitantly; or an explicit negotiation risk, where patients are exhausted and removed from focusing and breathing. The dilemma weakens nurses' opportunities to relieve or avoid a worsening of the dyspnoea. Likewise, the divergence between nurses' and patients' assessment of dyspnoea as within or outside the pattern appears to jeopardize the efficiency of care. Our findings contribute to a deeper understanding of the challenges of respiratory nursing care in general, and the challenges of relieving in-patients' dyspnoea in particular.

  2. Spa therapy (balneotherapy) relieves mental stress, sleep disorder, and general health problems in sub-healthy people.

    PubMed

    Yang, Bei; Qin, Qi-Zhong; Han, Ling-Li; Lin, Jing; Chen, Yu

    2018-02-01

    To investigate the relieving effects of hot spring balneotherapy on mental stress, sleep disorder, general health problems, and women's health problems in sub-healthy people, we recruited 500 volunteers in sub-health in Chongqing, and 362 volunteers completed the project, including 223 in the intervention group and 139 in the control group. The intervention group underwent hot spring balneotherapy for 5 months, while the control group did not. The two groups took questionnaire investigation (general data, mental stress, emotional status, sleep quality, general health problems, as well as some women's health problems) and physical examination (height, weight, waist circumference, blood pressure, blood lipid, blood sugar) 5 months before and after the intervention, respectively. After intervention, sleep disorder (difficulty in falling asleep (P = 0.017); dreaminess, nightmare suffering, and restless sleep (P = 0.013); easy awakening (P = 0.003) and difficulty in falling into sleep again after awakening(P = 0.016); and mental stress (P = 0.031) and problems of general health (head pain (P = 0.026), joint pain(P = 0.009), leg or foot cramps (P = 0.001), blurred vision (P = 0.009)) were relieved significantly in the intervention group, as compared with the control group. While other indicators (fatigue, eye tiredness, limb numbness, constipation, skin allergy) and women's health problems (breast distending pain; dysmenorrhea, irregular menstruation) were relieved significantly in the self-comparison of the intervention group before and after intervention (P < 0.05), but showed no statistically significant difference between two groups (P > 0.05). All indications (except bad mood, low mood, and worry or irritability) in the intervention group significantly improved, with effect size from 0.096 to 1.302. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that the frequency, length, and location of balneotherapy in the intervention group were the factors influencing emotion, sleep, and health condition (P < 0.05). Relief of insomnia, fatigue, and leg or foot cramps was greater in old-age group than in young-aged group (P < 0.05). Physical examination found that waist circumferences in women of various ages under 55 years were significantly reduced in the intervention group (P < 0.05), while that in men did not significantly change (P > 0.05). Spa therapy (balneotherapy) relieves mental stress, sleep disorder, general health, and reduces women's waist circumferences in sub-healthy people.

  3. Ureterocele (image)

    MedlinePlus

    ... enters the bladder. Ureteroceles usually occur after frequent urinary tract infections. Treatment of the ureterocele usually involves the placement of a stent to relieve the obstruction and/or surgical repair.

  4. [Effects of pamidronate disodium (Bonin) combined with chemotherapy on bone pain in multiple myeloma].

    PubMed

    Leng, Yun; Chen, Shi-lun; Shi, Hong-zhi

    2002-10-01

    Objective. To evaluate the therapeutic effects of Disodium Pamidronate (Bonin) on bone pain in multiple myeloma. Method. 18 patients received only chemotherapy and 16 patients with addition of Bonin were compared. Result. The bone pain was significantly relieved both in chemotherapy alone group and in the combination group of Bonin with chemotherapy after treatment (P<0.01, as compared with before therapy). However, the effects of combination group were more dramatical than that of the other group (P<0.05). No obvious side-effects were observed except mild fever in one patient in the combination group. Conclusion. Bonin, as a safe and effective Bisphosphonates preparation, could relieve bone pain in multiple myeloma more effectively when combined with chemotherapy.

  5. Hector Berlioz and other famous artists with opium abuse.

    PubMed

    Wolf, Paul L

    2010-01-01

    The effect of opium on the creativity and productivity of a famous composer of classical music, an essayist, and poets including Hector Berlioz, Thomas De Quincy, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, John Keats, and Jean Cocteau, is described. Opium is a narcotic drug prepared from the juice of the unripe seed capsules of the opium poppy. It contains alkaloids such as morphine, codeine, and papaverine. Medically it is used to relieve pain and produce sleep. It is used as an intoxicant. Alcohol and opium were commonly relied on in the 19th century, especially by artists, to stimulate creativity and relieve stress. These artists described the effect of opium on their creativity and productivity. Copyright (c) 2010 S. Karger AG, Basel.

  6. Case report: Long-standing complex regional pain syndrome relieved by a cephalosporin antibiotic.

    PubMed

    Ware, Mark A; Bennett, Gary J

    2014-07-01

    We describe a young woman who had had treatment-refractory complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) for 6 years before receiving antibiotic treatment with cefadroxil (a cephalosporin derivative) for a minor infection. Cefadroxil reduced the patient's pain and motor dysfunction (dystonia and impaired voluntary movement) within days; the pain and motor disorder returned when cefadroxil was discontinued; and both again abated when cefadroxil was re-instituted. The patient has now had symptom relief for more than 3 years on continuing cefadroxil therapy. We discuss this case in the context of previous reports of antibiotic treatment relieving neuropathic pain in experimental animals. Copyright © 2014 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. CTserver: A Computational Thermodynamics Server for the Geoscience Community

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kress, V. C.; Ghiorso, M. S.

    2006-12-01

    The CTserver platform is an Internet-based computational resource that provides on-demand services in Computational Thermodynamics (CT) to a diverse geoscience user base. This NSF-supported resource can be accessed at ctserver.ofm-research.org. The CTserver infrastructure leverages a high-quality and rigorously tested software library of routines for computing equilibrium phase assemblages and for evaluating internally consistent thermodynamic properties of materials, e.g. mineral solid solutions and a variety of geological fluids, including magmas. Thermodynamic models are currently available for 167 phases. Recent additions include Duan, Møller and Weare's model for supercritical C-O-H-S, extended to include SO2 and S2 species, and an entirely new associated solution model for O-S-Fe-Ni sulfide liquids. This software library is accessed via the CORBA Internet protocol for client-server communication. CORBA provides a standardized, object-oriented, language and platform independent, fast, low-bandwidth interface to phase property modules running on the server cluster. Network transport, language translation and resource allocation are handled by the CORBA interface. Users access server functionality in two principal ways. Clients written as browser- based Java applets may be downloaded which provide specific functionality such as retrieval of thermodynamic properties of phases, computation of phase equilibria for systems of specified composition, or modeling the evolution of these systems along some particular reaction path. This level of user interaction requires minimal programming effort and is ideal for classroom use. A more universal and flexible mode of CTserver access involves making remote procedure calls from user programs directly to the server public interface. The CTserver infrastructure relieves the user of the burden of implementing and testing the often complex thermodynamic models of real liquids and solids. A pilot application of this distributed architecture involves CFD computation of magma convection at Volcan Villarrica with magma properties and phase proportions calculated at each spatial node and at each time step via distributed function calls to MELTS-objects executing on the CTserver. Documentation and programming examples are provided at http://ctserver.ofm- research.org.

  8. Engineering Bacillus licheniformis as a thermophilic platform for the production of l-lactic acid from lignocellulose-derived sugars.

    PubMed

    Li, Chao; Gai, Zhongchao; Wang, Kai; Jin, Liping

    2017-01-01

    Bacillus licheniformis MW3 as a GRAS and thermophilic strain is a promising microorganism for chemical and biofuel production. However, its capacity to co-utilize glucose and xylose, the major sugars found in lignocellulosic biomass, is severely impaired by glucose-mediated carbon catabolite repression (CCR). In this study, a "dual-channel" process was implemented to engineer strain MW3 for simultaneous utilization of glucose and xylose, using l-lactic acid as a target product. A non-phosphotransferase system (PTS) glucose uptake route was activated via deletion of the glucose transporter gene ptsG and introduction of the galactose permease gene galP . After replacing the promoter of glucokinase gene glck with the strong promoter P als , the engineered strain recovered glucose consumption and utilized glucose and xylose simultaneously. Meanwhile, to improve the consumption rate of xylose in this strain, several measures were undertaken, such as relieving the regulation of the xylose repressor XylR, reducing the catabolite-responsive element, and optimizing the rate-limiting step. Knockout of ethanol and acetic acid pathway genes further increased lactic acid yield by 6.2%. The resultant strain, RH15, was capable of producing 121.9 g/L l-lactic acid at high yield (95.3%) after 40 h of fermentation from a mixture of glucose and xylose. When a lignocellulosic hydrolysate was used as the substrate, 99.3 g/L l-lactic acid was produced within 40 h, with a specific productivity of 2.48 g/[L h] and a yield of 94.6%. Our engineered strain B. licheniformis RH15 could thermophilically produced l-lactic acid from lignocellulosic hydrolysate with relatively high concentration and productivity at levels that were competitive with most reported cases of l-lactic acid-producers. Thus, the engineered strain might be used as a platform for the production of other chemicals. In addition to engineering the B. licheniformis strain, the "dual-channel" process might serve as an alternative method for engineering a variety of other strains.

  9. Pain Relievers - Multiple Languages

    MedlinePlus

    ... español (Spanish) Bilingual PDF Health Information Translations Fentanyl - Opioid addiction, part 6 - English PDF Fentanyl - Opioid addiction, part 6 - español (Spanish) PDF Fentanyl - Opioid addiction, ...

  10. Locker Rebirth.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Pica, V. Joseph

    2001-01-01

    Discusses why the reintroduction of school lockers not only relieves students from the need to carry around all their books and personal belongings, but provides students with psychological benefits as well. (GR)

  11. Can Botox Injections Relieve Arthritis Pain?

    MedlinePlus

    ... Efficacy of botulinum toxin type A treatment of functional impairment of degenerative hip joint: Preliminary results. Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine. 2010;42:691. Khenioui H, et al. Usefulness ...

  12. Menstrual Disorders

    MedlinePlus

    ... prostaglandins, naturally occurring chemicals that cause cramps. Oral contraceptives can also be used to relieve severe menstrual cramps. Hormone treatments, such as oral contraceptives, can also be used for dysfunctional uterine bleeding. ...

  13. The Uniform Reporting Program

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mansfield, Stephen J.

    1976-01-01

    The Uniform Reporting Program of the American College Health Association generalizes on the problems of health service management and then identifies specific measures and programs to relieve those problems. (MM)

  14. 77 FR 10351 - Regulatory Review Plan

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-22

    ... regulation inefficient, obsolete, contrary to controlling legal precedent, or unduly burdensome; (2... what steps may be necessary to relieve any unnecessary burden, including amendment to or repeal of...

  15. Efficacy of the device combining high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation and thermotherapy for relieving primary dysmenorrhea: a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Lee, Banghyun; Hong, Seung Hwa; Kim, Kidong; Kang, Wee Chang; No, Jae Hong; Lee, Jung Ryeol; Jee, Byung Chul; Yang, Eun Joo; Cha, Eun-Jong; Kim, Yong Beom

    2015-11-01

    To investigate the efficacy and safety of the combined therapy with high-frequency transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (hf-TENS) and thermotherapy in relieving primary dysmenorrheal pain. In this randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled study, 115 women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhea were assigned to the study or control group at a ratio of 1:1. Subjects in the study group used an integrated hf-TENS/thermotherapy device, whereas control subjects used a sham device. A visual analog scale was used to measure pain intensity. Variables related to pain relief, including reduction rate of dysmenorrheal score, were compared between the groups. The dysmenorrheal score was significantly reduced in the study group compared to the control group following the use of the devices. The duration of pain relief was significantly increased in the study group compared to the control group. There were no differences between the groups in the brief pain inventory scores, numbers of ibuprofen tablets taken orally, and World Health Organization quality of life-BREF scores. No adverse events were observed related to the use of the study device. The combination of hf-TENS and thermotherapy was effective in relieving acute pain in women with moderate or severe primary dysmenorrhea. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. [Mechanisms and applications of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in analgesia].

    PubMed

    Tang, Zheng-Yu; Wang, Hui-Quan; Xia, Xiao-Lei; Tang, Yi; Peng, Wei-Wei; Hu, Li

    2017-06-25

    Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS), as a non-pharmacological and non-invasive analgesic therapy with low-cost, has been widely used to relieve pain in various clinical applications, by delivering current pulses to the skin area to activate the peripheral nerve fibers. Nevertheless, analgesia induced by TENS varied in the clinical practice, which could be caused by the fact that TENS with different stimulus parameters has different biological mechanisms in relieving pain. Therefore, to advance our understanding of TENS in various basic and clinical studies, we discussed (1) neurophysiological and biochemical mechanisms of TENS-induced analgesia; (2) relevant factors that may influence analgesic effects of TENS from the perspectives of stimulus parameters, including stimulated position, pulse parameters (current intensity, frequency, and pulse width), stimulus duration and used times in each day; and (3) applications of TENS in relieving clinical pain, including post-operative pain, chronic low back pain and labor pain. Finally, we propose that TENS may involve multiple and complex psychological neurophysiological mechanisms, and suggest that different analgesic effects of TENS with different stimulus parameters should be taken into consideration in clinical applications. In addition, to optimize analgesic effect, we recommend that individual-based TENS stimulation parameters should be designed by considering individual differences among patients, e.g., adaptively adjusting the stimulation parameters based on the dynamic ratings of patients' pain.

  17. Health technology assessment of magnet therapy for relieving pain.

    PubMed

    Arabloo, Jalal; Hamouzadeh, Pejman; Eftekharizadeh, Fereshteh; Mobinizadeh, Mohammadreza; Olyaeemanesh, Alireza; Nejati, Mina; Doaee, Shila

    2017-01-01

    Background: Magnet therapy has been used increasingly as a new method to alleviate pain. Magnetic products are marketed with claims of effectiveness for reducing pain of various origins. However, there are inconsistent results from a limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the analgesic efficacy of magnet therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of magnet therapy on reliving various types of pain. Methods: A systematic search of two main medical databases (Cochrane Library and Ovid Medline) was conducted from 1946 to May 2014. Only English systematic reviews that compared magnet therapy with other conventional treatments in patients with local pain in terms of pain relieving measures were included. The results of the included studies were thematically synthesized. Results: Eight studies were included. Magnet therapy could be used to alleviate pain of various origins including pain in various organs, arthritis, myofascial muscle pain, lower limb muscle cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome and pelvic pain. Results showed that the effectiveness of magnetic therapy was only approved in muscle pains, but its effectiveness in other indications and its application as a complementary treatment have not been established. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that magnet therapy could not be an effective treatment for relieving different types of pain. Our results highlighted the need for further investigations to be done in order to support any recommendations about this technology.

  18. Health technology assessment of magnet therapy for relieving pain

    PubMed Central

    Arabloo, Jalal; Hamouzadeh, Pejman; Eftekharizadeh, Fereshteh; Mobinizadeh, Mohammadreza; Olyaeemanesh, Alireza; Nejati, Mina; Doaee, Shila

    2017-01-01

    Background: Magnet therapy has been used increasingly as a new method to alleviate pain. Magnetic products are marketed with claims of effectiveness for reducing pain of various origins. However, there are inconsistent results from a limited number of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) testing the analgesic efficacy of magnet therapy. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of magnet therapy on reliving various types of pain. Methods: A systematic search of two main medical databases (Cochrane Library and Ovid Medline) was conducted from 1946 to May 2014. Only English systematic reviews that compared magnet therapy with other conventional treatments in patients with local pain in terms of pain relieving measures were included. The results of the included studies were thematically synthesized. Results: Eight studies were included. Magnet therapy could be used to alleviate pain of various origins including pain in various organs, arthritis, myofascial muscle pain, lower limb muscle cramps, carpal tunnel syndrome and pelvic pain. Results showed that the effectiveness of magnetic therapy was only approved in muscle pains, but its effectiveness in other indications and its application as a complementary treatment have not been established. Conclusion: According to the results, it seems that magnet therapy could not be an effective treatment for relieving different types of pain. Our results highlighted the need for further investigations to be done in order to support any recommendations about this technology. PMID:29445660

  19. Efficacy and safety of topical Trikatu preparation in, relieving mosquito bite reactions: a randomized controlled trial.

    PubMed

    Maenthaisong, Ratree; Chaiyakunapruk, Nathorn; Tiyaboonchai, Waree; Tawatsin, Apiwat; Rojanawiwat, Archawin; Thavara, Usavadee

    2014-02-01

    Trikatu is composed of dried fruits of Piper nigrum L and Piper retrofractum Vahl, and dried rhizomes of Zingiber officinale R. Although this preparation has been used to relieve pruritis, pain, and inflammation for a long time, there is no clinical evidence to confirm its efficacy and safety. Therefore, we performed a double-blind, within person-randomized controlled study of 30 healthy volunteers to determine efficacy and safety of topical Trikatu on mosquito bite reactions. All subjects were bitten by Aedes aegypti laboratory mosquitoes on their forearms and they were randomly assigned arms to apply either Trikatu or reference product on the mosquito bite papule. The main outcome was the difference of papule size reduction at 30 min, measured by a caliper, between the Trikatu and reference arms. Pruritis, redness, pain, and patient satisfaction were assessed at 15, 30, 60, 180, and 360 min as secondary outcomes. There were no significant differences between treatment and reference arms on any outcome at any time of measurement. Trikatu did not show additional effects for relieving mosquito bite reaction as compared with the reference product containing camphor, menthol, and eucalyptus. For further study, it is very important to consider a proper selection of subjects, comparator product, and concentration of extract when Trikatu preparation is investigated. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  20. Quantitative implementation of the endogenous molecular-cellular network hypothesis in hepatocellular carcinoma.

    PubMed

    Wang, Gaowei; Zhu, Xiaomei; Gu, Jianren; Ao, Ping

    2014-06-06

    A quantitative hypothesis for cancer genesis and progression-the endogenous molecular-cellular network hypothesis, intended to include both genetic and epigenetic causes of cancer-has been proposed recently. Using this hypothesis, here we address the molecular basis for maintaining normal liver and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the potential strategy to cure or relieve HCC. First, we elaborate the basic assumptions of the hypothesis and establish a core working network of HCC according to the hypothesis. Second, we quantify the working network by a nonlinear dynamical system. We show that the working network reproduces the main known features of normal liver and HCC at both the modular and molecular levels. Lastly, the validated working network reveals that (i) specific positive feedback loops are responsible for the maintenance of normal liver and HCC; (ii) inhibiting proliferation and inflammation-related positive feedback loops and simultaneously inducing a liver-specific positive feedback loop is predicated as a potential strategy to cure or relieve HCC; and (iii) the genesis and regression of HCC are asymmetric. In light of the characteristic properties of the nonlinear dynamical system, we demonstrate that positive feedback loops must exist as a simple and general molecular basis for the maintenance of heritable phenotypes, such as normal liver and HCC, and regulating the positive feedback loops directly or indirectly provides potential strategies to cure or relieve HCC.

  1. Modulation of Excitability in the Temporoparietal Junction Relieves Virtual Reality Sickness.

    PubMed

    Takeuchi, Naoyuki; Mori, Takayuki; Suzukamo, Yoshimi; Izumi, Shin-Ichi

    2018-06-01

    Virtual reality (VR) immersion often provokes subjective discomfort and postural instability, so called VR sickness. The neural mechanism of VR sickness is speculated to be related to visual-vestibular information mismatch and/or postural instability. However, the approaches proposed to relieve VR sickness through modulation of brain activity are poorly understood. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we aimed to investigate whether VR sickness could be relieved by the modulation of cortical excitability in the temporoparietal junction (TPJ), which is known to be involved in processing of both vestibular and visual information. Twenty healthy subjects received tDCS over right TPJ before VR immersion. The order of the three types of tDCS (anodal, cathodal, and sham) was counterbalanced across subjects. We evaluated the subjective symptoms, heart rate, and center of pressure at baseline, after tDCS, and after VR immersion. VR immersion using head-mounted displays provoked subjective discomfort and postural instability. However, anodal tDCS over right TPJ ameliorated subjective disorientation symptoms and postural instability induced by VR immersion compared with sham condition. The amelioration of VR sickness by anodal tDCS over the right TPJ might result from relief of the sensory conflict and/or facilitation of vestibular function. Our result not only has potential clinical implications for the neuromodulation approach of VR sickness but also implies a causal role of the TPJ in VR sickness.

  2. Lorazepam-diazepam protocol for catatonia in schizophrenia: a 21-case analysis.

    PubMed

    Lin, Chin-Chuen; Huang, Tiao-Lai

    2013-11-01

    Catatonia is a unique clinical phenomenon characterized by concurrent motor, emotional, vegetative and behavioral signs. Benzodiazepines (BZD) and electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) can rapidly relieve catatonic signs. The lorazepam-diazepam protocol presented here has been proven to relieve catatonia in schizophrenia within a day. From July 2002 to August 2011, schizophrenic patients requiring psychiatric intervention for catatonia in Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were studied by medical chart review. The study used the Bush-Francis Catatonia Rating Scale (BFCRS). Patients receiving the lorazepam-diazepam protocol were identified. The survey included 21 patients (eight males and 13 females) with a mean age of 30.3 ± 12.6 years. Mean duration of schizophrenia was 4.7 ± 5.6 years. Thirteen (61.9%) patients responded within 2 h, 18 (85.7%) responded within one day, and all became catatonia-free within a week. Mean BFCRS score was 9.9 ± 3.0 before treatment. Patients that responded with a single intramuscular lorazepam injection had mean BFCRS score of 8.9 ± 2.8, significantly lower than the mean score (11.6 ± 2.5) of the rest of the patients (p = 0.034). The lorazepam-diazepam protocol can rapidly relieve retarded catatonia in schizophrenia. Most patients became catatonia-free within one day but some may require up to a week. ECT should be considered if the protocol fails. © 2013.

  3. Histone Deacetylase Inhibitors Trichostatin A and MCP30 Relieve Benzene-Induced Hematotoxicity via Restoring Topoisomerase IIα

    PubMed Central

    Chen, Yi; Li, Jiaqi; Qian, Shanhu; Shi, Yifen; Sun, Lan; Han, Yixiang; Zhang, Shenghui; Yu, Kang

    2016-01-01

    Dysfunction of histone acetylation inhibits topoisomerase IIα (Topo IIα), which is implicated in benzene-induced hematotoxicity in patients with chronic benzene exposure. Whether histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors can relieve benzene-induced hematotoxicity remains unclear. Here we showed that hydroquinone, a main metabolite of benzene, increased the HDAC activity, decreased the Topo IIα expression and induced apoptosis in human bone marrow mononuclear cells in vitro, and treatment with two HDAC inhibitors, namely trichostatin A (TSA) or a mixture of ribosome-inactivating proteins MCP30, almost completely reversed these effects. We further established a benzene poisoning murine model by inhaling benzene vapor in a container and found that benzene poisoning decreased the expression and activity of Topo IIα, and impaired acetylation of histone H4 and H3. The analysis of regulatory factors of Topo IIα promoter found that benzene poisoning decreased the mRNA levels of SP1 and C-MYB, and increased the mRNA level of SP3. Both TSA and MCP30 significantly enhanced the acetylation of histone H3 and H4 in Topo IIα promoter and increased the expression and activity of Topo IIα in benzene poisoning mice, which contributed to relieve the symptoms of hematotoxicity. Thus, treatment with HDAC inhibitors represents an attractive approach to reduce benzene-induced hematotoxicity. PMID:27058040

  4. 21 CFR 522.1380 - Methocarbamol.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... to 100 mg per pound of body weight for severe conditions (tetanus and strychnine poisoning). The... body weight for severe conditions (tetanus). Additional amounts may be needed to relieve residual...

  5. Codeine

    MedlinePlus

    ... with other medications, to reduce coughing. Codeine will help relieve symptoms but will not treat the cause ... granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran, Zuplenz), or palonosetron (Aloxi); selective serotonin-reuptake inhibitors such as citalopram (Celexa), escitalopram ( ...

  6. Dermabrasion

    MedlinePlus

    ... Back Injectable Deoxycholic Acid Injectable Hyaluronic Acid Injectable Poly-l-lactic Acid Injectable Polymethylmethacrylate + Bovine Collagen Filler ... After treatment most patients report little or no pain, though some require pain relievers as well as ...

  7. Estrogen

    MedlinePlus

    ... life', the end of monthly menstrual periods). Some brands of estrogen are also used to treat vaginal ... prevent osteoporosis should consider a different treatment. Some brands of estrogen are also to relieve symptoms of ...

  8. Micromechanisms with floating pivot

    DOEpatents

    Garcia, Ernest J.

    2001-03-06

    A new class of tilting micromechanical mechanisms have been developed. These new mechanisms use floating pivot structures to relieve some of the problems encountered in the use of solid flexible pivots.

  9. Midazolam

    MedlinePlus

    ... to cause drowsiness, relieve anxiety, and prevent any memory of the event. Midazolam is in a class ... if your child is taking certain medications for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) including amprenavir (Agenerase), atazanavir (Reyataz), ...

  10. Methylprednisolone

    MedlinePlus

    ... make enough of it. It relieves inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, and pain) and is used to treat ... it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).It is ...

  11. Triamcinolone

    MedlinePlus

    ... make enough of it. It relieves inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, and pain) and is used to treat ... it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).Unneeded medications ...

  12. Dexamethasone

    MedlinePlus

    ... make enough of it. It relieves inflammation (swelling, heat, redness, and pain) and is used to treat ... it at room temperature and away from excess heat and moisture (not in the bathroom).It is ...

  13. Paregoric

    MedlinePlus

    ... to relieve diarrhea. It decreases stomach and intestinal movement in the digestive system.This medication is sometimes ... a day or immediately after each loose bowel movement. Your prescription may be mixed with water before ...

  14. Lubiprostone

    MedlinePlus

    Lubiprostone is used to relieve stomach pain, bloating, and straining and produce softer and more frequent bowel ... not caused by a disease or a medication). Lubiprostone is also used to treat irritable bowel syndrome ...

  15. Flurbiprofen

    MedlinePlus

    Flurbiprofen is used to relieve pain, tenderness, swelling, and stiffness caused by osteoarthritis (arthritis caused by a ... by swelling of the lining of the joints). Flurbiprofen is in a class of medications called NSAIDs. ...

  16. Hidradenitis Suppurativa

    MedlinePlus

    ... the area with anti-bacterial soap. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) can help reduce swelling and relieve pain. More severe cases may require antibiotics. These can be topical (applied to your skin) ...

  17. Silodosin

    MedlinePlus

    ... Silodosin is in a class of medications called alpha-blockers. It relieves the symptoms of BPH by ... fluconazole (Diflucan); medications for high blood pressure;other alpha blockers such as doxazosin (Cardura), prazosin (Minipress), terazosin ( ...

  18. Clorazepate

    MedlinePlus

    ... with other medications to treat certain types of seizures. It is also used to relieve unpleasant symptoms ... you are taking clorazepate to treat anxiety or seizures, your doctor will probably start you on a ...

  19. Diazepam

    MedlinePlus

    ... is used to relieve anxiety, muscle spasms, and seizures and to control agitation caused by alcohol withdrawal. ... sugar.If you are taking diazepam to control seizures and have an increase in their frequency or ...

  20. Diclofenac sodium overdose

    MedlinePlus

    ... page: //medlineplus.gov/ency/article/002630.htm Diclofenac sodium overdose To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Diclofenac sodium is a prescription medicine used to relieve pain ...

  1. Sickle Cell Disease (For Teens)

    MedlinePlus

    ... help relieve the pain of sickle cell crises. Penicillin or other antibiotics can help prevent infections, though doctors usually stop giving penicillin to kids who have sickle cell disease after ...

  2. Diclofenac Ophthalmic

    MedlinePlus

    ... to temporarily relieve eye pain and sensitivity to light in patients who are recovering from corneal refractive ... that something is in the eye sensitivity to light blurred or decreased vision teary eyes eye discharge ...

  3. Bismuth Subsalicylate

    MedlinePlus

    ... to be taken by mouth, with or without food. Follow the directions on the package carefully, and ... allergic to salicylate pain relievers such as aspirin, choline magnesium trisalicylate, choline salicylate (Arthropan), diflunisal (Dolobid), magnesium ...

  4. 46 CFR 193.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary... suitable means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide...

  5. 46 CFR 76.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary, relatively... means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide is...

  6. 46 CFR 95.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary... suitable means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide...

  7. 46 CFR 76.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary, relatively... means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide is...

  8. 46 CFR 76.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary, relatively... means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide is...

  9. 46 CFR 76.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary, relatively... means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide is...

  10. 46 CFR 95.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary... suitable means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide...

  11. 46 CFR 95.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 95.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary... suitable means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide...

  12. 46 CFR 193.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... EQUIPMENT Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 193.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary... suitable means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide...

  13. 46 CFR 76.15-40 - Pressure relief.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... Carbon Dioxide Extinguishing Systems, Details § 76.15-40 Pressure relief. (a) Where necessary, relatively... means for relieving excessive pressure accumulating within the compartment when the carbon dioxide is...

  14. Subarachnoid hemorrhage

    MedlinePlus

    ... control blood pressure Medicine to prevent artery spasms Painkillers and anti-anxiety medicines to relieve headache and ... Other complications include: Complications of surgery Medicine side effects Seizures Stroke When to Contact a Medical Professional ...

  15. 21 CFR 346.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... this part: (a) Analgesic, anesthetic drug. A topically (externally) applied drug that relieves pain by... cells of the epidermis. (h) Local anesthetic drug. A drug that produces local disappearance of pain...

  16. 21 CFR 346.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... this part: (a) Analgesic, anesthetic drug. A topically (externally) applied drug that relieves pain by... cells of the epidermis. (h) Local anesthetic drug. A drug that produces local disappearance of pain...

  17. Raynaud's Disease

    MedlinePlus

    ... lifestyle changes. Rarely, they may need surgery or shots. If you have Raynaud's and develop sores on ... attacks. This treatment is done using surgery or shots. The surgery often relieves symptoms, but sometimes for ...

  18. Magnesium Oxide

    MedlinePlus

    ... used for different reasons. Some people use it as an antacid to relieve heartburn, sour stomach, or acid indigestion. Magnesium oxide also may be used as a laxative for short-term, rapid emptying of ...

  19. Management Strategies for Dual-Career Couples.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kater, Donna

    1985-01-01

    Suggestions are presented that focus on strategies to alleviate those stresses arising from internal sources. These strategies include enhancing communication skills, relieving role overload, and minimizing multiple role-cycling. (CT)

  20. Post-Nasal Drip

    MedlinePlus

    ... the interior of the nose with a fiberoptic scope and CAT scan x-rays. If medication does not relieve the problem, surgery may be recommended. Vasomotor Rhinitis describes ... Policy Terms of Use © ...

  1. Testicle Pain

    MedlinePlus

    ... an over-the-counter pain reliever such as aspirin, ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin IB, others) or acetaminophen (Tylenol, ... given you other instructions. Use caution when giving aspirin to children or teenagers. Though aspirin is approved ...

  2. Relief of Residual Stress in Streamline Tie Rods by Heat Treatment

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Pollard, R E; Reinhart, Fred M

    1941-01-01

    About two-thirds of the residual stress in cold-worked SAE 1050 steel tie rods was relieved by heating 30 minutes at 600 degrees Fahrenheit. Cold-worked austenitic stainless-steel tie rods could be heated at temperatures up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit without lowering the important physical properties. The corrosion resistance, in laboratory corrosion test, of straight 18:8 and titanium-treated 18:8 materials appeared to be impaired after heating at temperatures above 800 degrees or 900 degrees fahrenheit. Columbium-treated and molybdenum-treated 18:8 steel exhibited improved stability over a wide range of temperatures. Tie rods of either material could be heated 30 minutes with safety at any temperature up to 1000 degrees Fahrenheit. At this temperature most of the residual stress would be relieved.

  3. [Endoscopic treatment of small osteoma of nasal sinuses manifested as nasal and facial pain].

    PubMed

    Li, Yu; Zheng, Tianqi; Li, Zhong; Deng, Hongyuan; Guo, Chaoxian

    2015-12-01

    To discuss the clinical features, diagnosis and endoscopic surgical intervention for small steoma of nasal sinuses causing nasal and facial pain. A retrospective review was performed on 21 patients with nasal and facial pain caused by small osteoma of nasal sinuses, and nasal endoscopic surgery was included in the treatment of all cases. The nasal and facial pain of all the patients was relieved. Except for one ase exhibiting periorbital bruise after operation, the other patients showed no postoperative complications. Nasal and facial pain caused by small osteoma of nasal sinuses was clinically rare, mostly due to the neuropathic pain of nose and face caused by local compression resulting from the expansion of osteoma. Early diagnosis and operative treatment can significantly relieve nasal and facial pain.

  4. Research on EHN additive on the diesel engine combustion characteristics in plateau environment

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Zhixin; Li, Ruoting; Wang, Xiancheng; Hu, Chuan

    2017-03-01

    Aiming at the combustion deterioration problem of diesel engine in plateau environment, a bench test was carried out for the effects of EHN additive on combustion characteristics of the diesel engine with intake pressure of 0.68 kPa. Test results showed that with the full load working condition of 1 400 r/min: Cylinder pressure and pressure uprising rate decreased with EHN additive added in, mechanical load on the engine could be relieved; peak value of the heat release rate decreased and its occurrence advanced, ignition delay and combustion duration were shortened; cylinder temperature and exhaust gas temperature declined, thermal load on the engine could be relieved, output torque increased while specific oil consumption decreased, and effective thermal efficiency of diesel engine increased.

  5. Integrated software health management for aerospace guidance, navigation, and control systems: A probabilistic reasoning approach

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mbaya, Timmy

    Embedded Aerospace Systems have to perform safety and mission critical operations in a real-time environment where timing and functional correctness are extremely important. Guidance, Navigation, and Control (GN&C) systems substantially rely on complex software interfacing with hardware in real-time; any faults in software or hardware, or their interaction could result in fatal consequences. Integrated Software Health Management (ISWHM) provides an approach for detection and diagnosis of software failures while the software is in operation. The ISWHM approach is based on probabilistic modeling of software and hardware sensors using a Bayesian network. To meet memory and timing constraints of real-time embedded execution, the Bayesian network is compiled into an Arithmetic Circuit, which is used for on-line monitoring. This type of system monitoring, using an ISWHM, provides automated reasoning capabilities that compute diagnoses in a timely manner when failures occur. This reasoning capability enables time-critical mitigating decisions and relieves the human agent from the time-consuming and arduous task of foraging through a multitude of isolated---and often contradictory---diagnosis data. For the purpose of demonstrating the relevance of ISWHM, modeling and reasoning is performed on a simple simulated aerospace system running on a real-time operating system emulator, the OSEK/Trampoline platform. Models for a small satellite and an F-16 fighter jet GN&C (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) system have been implemented. Analysis of the ISWHM is then performed by injecting faults and analyzing the ISWHM's diagnoses.

  6. Real-life effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy in asthma patients across Asia: SMARTASIA study.

    PubMed

    Zhong, Nanshan; Lin, Jiangtao; Mehta, Parthiv; Ngamjanyaporn, Pintip; Wu, Tzu-Chin; Yunus, Faisal

    2013-04-04

    The use of budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler for both maintenance and reliever therapy is a recommended option for treatment of persistent asthma not responding well to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) alone. This was a multi-centre open-label study on patients whose asthma condition remained inadequately controlled by various asthma treatments other than budesonide/formoterol. After a 2-week run-in period, eligible patients underwent a 12-week treatment period with budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort SMART(®), 160/4.5 μg) twice daily plus as needed. Patient's asthma control and quality of life were assessed using the 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) and the standardized Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-S), respectively. A total of 862 eligible asthma patients who have had asthma for a mean duration of 10.73 ± 12.03 years entered a 12-week treatment with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy. During treatment, ACQ-5 score improved significantly by 0.58 ± 0.93 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.64, P < 0.0001) from the baseline level of 1.62 ± 1.00. AQLQ(S) score improved by 0.70 ± 0.89 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.76, P < 0.0001) from baseline. Asthma symptom score was also reduced significantly (P < 0.0001); between run-in and treatment periods, night- and day-time symptom scores were reduced by 0.32 ± 0.54 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.35) and 0.30 ± 0.52 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.34), respectively. The percentage of nights with awakenings due to asthma symptoms was reduced by 11.09 ± 26.13% (95% CI, 9.34 to 12.85%), while the percentage of asthma-control and symptom-free days increased by 20.90 ± 34.40% (95% CI, 18.59 to 23.21%) and 23.89 ± 34.62% (95% CI, 21.56 to 26.21%), respectively (P < 0.0001). Together with the improvement in asthma control, the number of night- and day-time inhalations of as-needed reliever medication decreased by 0.30 ± 0.82 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.35) inhalations and 0.30 ± 0.97 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.36) inhalations, respectively (P < 0.0001). No unexpected adverse events were reported. During treatment of inadequately controlled asthmatic patients with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy, significant improvement in patients' asthma control and reductions in asthma symptoms and as-needed medication use was observed. Patients' quality of life was improved and the treatment was well tolerated. ClinicalTrial.gov: (NCT00939341).

  7. Spondylolysis and Spondylolysthesis

    MedlinePlus

    ... These are injections of corticosteroid into the epidural space (the area around the spinal nerves) or facet ... may be needed to reopen a "tunnel," or space, for the nerve. In addition to relieving pressure ...

  8. 31 CFR 548.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  9. 31 CFR 548.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  10. 31 CFR 560.426 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  11. 31 CFR 549.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  12. 31 CFR 560.426 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  13. 31 CFR 546.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to...

  14. 31 CFR 546.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to...

  15. 31 CFR 546.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to...

  16. 31 CFR 549.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  17. 31 CFR 546.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to...

  18. 31 CFR 588.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  19. 31 CFR 548.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  20. 31 CFR 543.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  1. 31 CFR 543.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  2. 31 CFR 588.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  3. 31 CFR 543.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  4. 31 CFR 588.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  5. 31 CFR 543.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  6. 31 CFR 549.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  7. 31 CFR 588.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  8. 31 CFR 549.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  9. 31 CFR 543.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  10. 31 CFR 548.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  11. 31 CFR 548.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... Control pursuant to this part, no charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to...

  12. Night Leg Cramps

    MedlinePlus

    ... feet or thighs might cramp as well. Forcefully stretching the contracted muscle relieves the pain. Most of ... include Drinking plenty of fluids to avoid dehydration Stretching your leg muscles or riding a stationary bicycle ...

  13. Promethazine

    MedlinePlus

    ... it is usually taken every 4 to 6 hours as needed. Promethazine may also be taken at bedtime the night before surgery to relieve anxiety and produce quiet sleep. Follow the directions on your prescription label ...

  14. Fentanyl Transdermal Patch

    MedlinePlus

    Fentanyl patches are used to relieve severe pain in people who are expected to need pain medication ... and who cannot be treated with other medications. Fentanyl is in a class of medications called opiate ( ...

  15. Torticollis

    MedlinePlus

    ... Limited movement of the head Headache Head tremor Neck pain Shoulder that is higher than the other Stiffness ... neck, and massage to help relieve head and neck pain. Stretching exercises and neck braces to help with ...

  16. Acute coronary syndrome

    MedlinePlus

    ... prevent or break up a blood clot, treat high blood pressure or angina, relieve chest pain, and stabilize your ... numbers in check. Manage health conditions, such as high blood pressure, high cholesterol, or diabetes.

  17. Eucalyptus oil overdose

    MedlinePlus

    ... liniments Diaper rash creams Inhalers to relieve nasal congestion Medicine for sore gums, mouth, and throat Mouthwashes ... IV) Medicines to treat symptoms Activated charcoal Laxative Tube through the nose into the stomach to wash ...

  18. Side Effects (Management)

    MedlinePlus

    ... cancer care is relieving side effects, called symptom management, palliative care, or supportive care. It is important ... treat them. To learn about the symptoms and management of the long-term side effects of cancer ...

  19. Digestive Health Tips

    MedlinePlus

    ... of irritable bowel syndrome. To relieve symptoms, avoid: Broccoli Baked beans Cabbage Carbonated drinks Cauliflower Chewing gum ... break it down. Certain vegetables--baked beans, cauliflower, broccoli, cabbage Certain starches--wheat, oats, corn, potatoes. Rice ...

  20. Naloxone Nasal Spray

    MedlinePlus

    ... emergency medical treatment to reverse the life-threatening effects of a known or suspected opiate (narcotic) overdose. ... called opiate antagonists. It works by blocking the effects of opiates to relieve dangerous symptoms caused by ...

  1. Canalith Repositioning Procedure

    MedlinePlus

    ... repositioning procedure can help relieve benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), a condition in which you have brief, ... dizziness that occur when you move your head. Vertigo usually comes from a problem with the part ...

  2. Opioid Abuse and Addiction

    MedlinePlus

    Opioids, sometimes called narcotics, are a type of drug. They include strong prescription pain relievers, such as ... tramadol. The illegal drug heroin is also an opioid. Some opioids are made from the opium plant, ...

  3. Desipramine hydrochloride overdose

    MedlinePlus

    ... overdose To use the sharing features on this page, please enable JavaScript. Desipramine hydrochloride is a type of medicine called a tricyclic antidepressant. It is taken to relieve symptoms of depression. Desipramine hydrochloride overdose ...

  4. External Otitis (Swimmer's Ear)

    MedlinePlus

    ... Debris removal, antibiotic ear drops, keeping water and cotton swabs out of the ear, and pain relievers ... Injuring the ear canal while cleaning it (using cotton swabs) or getting water or irritants, such as ...

  5. St. John's Wort (image)

    MedlinePlus

    The herb St. John's Wort is believed to be helpful in relieving mild to moderate depression, but should only be taken under a physician's supervision. St. John's Wort may clash with other medications or ...

  6. Why Do I Have Pain?

    MedlinePlus

    ... and Sprains Are a Pain What Is an Ear Infection? Headaches How Do Pain Relievers ... All information on KidsHealth® is for educational purposes only. For specific medical advice, diagnoses, and treatment, ...

  7. Iliotibial band syndrome - aftercare

    MedlinePlus

    ... involve any of the following: Medicines or applying ice to relieve pain Stretching and strengthening exercises A ... measures to help reduce pain and swelling: Apply ice to the painful area for 15 minutes every ...

  8. Tegaserod

    MedlinePlus

    ... to relieve pain, bloating, and constipation caused by irritable bowel syndrome (IBS; a condition that causes stomach pain, bloating, constipation, ... than prescribed by your doctor.If you have IBS with constipation, your doctor will probably tell you ...

  9. Ventriculoperitoneal shunt - discharge

    MedlinePlus

    ... ventriculoperitoneal - discharge; VP shunt - discharge; Shunt revision - discharge; Hydrocephalus shunt placement - discharge ... Your child has hydrocephalus and needed a shunt placed to drain excess fluid and relieve pressure in the brain. This buildup of brain ...

  10. Prescription Pain Relievers (Opiods)

    MedlinePlus

    ... derived from poppy flowers or lab-made, semi-synthetic substitutes. They work by attaching to particular sites ... to the terms & conditions Related Drugs Fentanyl & Other Synthetic Opioids OxyContin Heroin Morphine Next Steps Medicine Abuse: ...

  11. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PDQ)

    MedlinePlus

    ... with post-traumatic stress need early treatment with methods that are used to treat other trauma victims. ... symptoms of post-traumatic stress. The crisis intervention method aims to relieve distress and help the patient ...

  12. 31 CFR 594.409 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... technology, including contributions or donations to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of, or received from, any person whose property and...

  13. 31 CFR 542.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of, or received from...

  14. 31 CFR 537.414 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... charitable contribution of funds, goods, services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of, or received from...

  15. 31 CFR 594.409 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... technology, including contributions or donations to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of, or received from, any person whose property and...

  16. 31 CFR 357.41 - Waiver of regulations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY... relieve any person(s) of unnecessary hardship, if such action is not inconsistent with law, does not...

  17. Aluminum Hydroxide and Magnesium Hydroxide

    MedlinePlus

    Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide are antacids used together to relieve heartburn, acid indigestion, and upset stomach. They ... They combine with stomach acid and neutralize it. Aluminum Hydroxide, Magnesium Hydroxide are available without a prescription. ...

  18. Vulvodynia FAQ

    MedlinePlus

    ... may be taken. Your gynecologist may use a cotton swab to touch areas of the vulva. The ... helpful in relieving or reducing symptoms: • Wear 100% cotton underwear. • Do not wear underwear while sleeping. • Avoid ...

  19. Proton pump inhibitors

    MedlinePlus

    ... used to: Relieve symptoms of acid reflux, or gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). This is a condition in which ... MF. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of gastroesophageal reflux disease. Am J Gastroenterol . 2013;108(3):308- ...

  20. Crowd Control.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wilkinson, Todd

    1995-01-01

    Describes a park visitor management program called Visitor Experience and Resource Protection (VERP) being pioneered at the Arches National Park to relieve crowding. The program involves managing visitor impacts and depends in part on visitor surveys. (LZ)

  1. Choking and Strangulation Prevention Tips

    MedlinePlus

    ... away from children. These include magnets found in construction sets, children's toys or stress-relieving adult desk ... with Us Donate Join Our Mailing List Global Road Safety Sponsors Recalls Media Center Blog Videos Newsletter ...

  2. Ileus

    MedlinePlus

    ... are abdominal bloating caused by a buildup of gas and liquids, nausea, vomiting, severe constipation, loss of appetite, and ... rare, but if it occurs, the buildup of gas and liquid caused by ileus must be relieved. Usually, a ...

  3. 29 CFR 790.2 - Interrelationship of the two acts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... employers will be relieved, in certain circumstances, from liabilities or punishments to which they might... of action, liabilities, or punishments based on the nonpayment by employers to their employees of...

  4. 29 CFR 790.2 - Interrelationship of the two acts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... employers will be relieved, in certain circumstances, from liabilities or punishments to which they might... of action, liabilities, or punishments based on the nonpayment by employers to their employees of...

  5. 29 CFR 790.2 - Interrelationship of the two acts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... employers will be relieved, in certain circumstances, from liabilities or punishments to which they might... of action, liabilities, or punishments based on the nonpayment by employers to their employees of...

  6. 29 CFR 790.2 - Interrelationship of the two acts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... employers will be relieved, in certain circumstances, from liabilities or punishments to which they might... of action, liabilities, or punishments based on the nonpayment by employers to their employees of...

  7. Fatigue

    MedlinePlus

    ... to help you find out what's causing your fatigue and recommend ways to relieve it. Fatigue itself is not a disease. Medical problems, treatments, and personal habits can add to fatigue. These include Taking certain medicines, such as antidepressants, ...

  8. Tailbone Pain: How Can I Relieve It?

    MedlinePlus

    ... any other conditions. Your doctor might recommend using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to find out if you ... org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation ...

  9. Atopic dermatitis -- self-care

    MedlinePlus

    ... time to relieve itching and allow for sleep. Day-to-day Skin Care Keep the skin lubricated or moisturized. ... cream, or lotion 2 to 3 times a day. Moisturizers should be free of alcohol, scents, dyes, ...

  10. 31 CFR 544.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property and interests in property are...

  11. 31 CFR 544.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property and interests in property are...

  12. 31 CFR 544.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property and interests in property are...

  13. 31 CFR 544.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property and interests in property are...

  14. 31 CFR 544.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ..., services, or technology, including contributions to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property and interests in property are...

  15. I-55 integrated diversion traffic management benefit study.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2014-11-01

    Traffic congestion, recurrent and non-recurrent, creates significant economic losses and environmental impacts. : Integrated Corridor Management (ICM) is a U.S.DOT research initiative that has been proven to effectively relieve : recurrent congestion...

  16. Fentanyl Patch Can Be Deadly to Children

    MedlinePlus

    ... Products For Consumers Home For Consumers Consumer Updates Fentanyl Patch Can Be Deadly to Children Share Tweet ... from accidental exposure to a skin patch containing fentanyl, a powerful pain reliever. As a result of ...

  17. Swimmer's Ear

    MedlinePlus

    ... Eardrum Taking Care of Your Ears Can Loud Music Hurt My Ears? Your Ears What's Earwax? How Do Pain Relievers Work? View more About Us Contact Us Partners Editorial Policy Permissions Guidelines Privacy Policy & Terms of Use Notice ...

  18. Acetaminophen Injection

    MedlinePlus

    ... narcotic) medications to relieve moderate to severe pain. Acetaminophen is in a class of medications called analgesics (pain ... Ask your pharmacist any questions you have about acetaminophen injection.It is important for you to keep a written list ...

  19. Palliative Care

    MedlinePlus

    ... a team of medical personnel — including doctors, pain management specialists, nurses, social workers, and therapists — palliative care helps prevent and relieve pain and suffering while also easing stress, anxiety, and the fear associated with serious illness. ...

  20. Relieving Oral Mucositis - Palifermin Discovery

    Cancer.gov

    Painful mouth and throat sores can be a side effect of intensive cancer treatments for many patients. Learn how NCI scientists developed the drug, Palifermin, which vastly improves the quality of life for cancer patients.

  1. Tips for Relieving Dry Skin

    MedlinePlus

    ... Us Media contacts Advertising contacts AAD logo Advertising, marketing and sponsorships Legal notice Copyright © 2018 American Academy ... prohibited without prior written permission. AAD logo Advertising, marketing and sponsorships Legal notice Copyright © 2017 American Academy ...

  2. Fundoplication

    MedlinePlus

    ... with feeds. It is also harder for the child to burp after fundoplication, and if a gastrosomy feeding tube is in place, parents learn to open it to relieve the pressure. These problems may be temporary and respond to ...

  3. Social Promotion: Problem or Solution?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cunningham, William G.; Owens, Ray C.

    1976-01-01

    Social promotion is accomplishing what it was intended to do; it is relieving the various grades of over-age, floundering students. If we are to help these potential failures, we must devise new educational systems. (Editor)

  4. Fibroid Tumors in Women: A Hidden Epidemic?

    MedlinePlus

    ... that lower progesterone levels could cause fibroids to shrink. That could help relieve pain and other symptoms ... estrogen alone. In theory, such a treatment could shrink fibroids but spare women from hot flashes and ...

  5. Arthritis Pain: Do's and Don'ts

    MedlinePlus

    ... Arthritis is a leading cause of pain and disability worldwide. You can find plenty of advice about ... a winter indoors. Cream containing capsaicin may be applied to skin over a painful joint to relieve ...

  6. When it's Hot

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    During the summer, when the temperatures rise, so does our use of water. We can be smarter about how we use water during the summer to relieve stress on our water resources, especially during times of drought.

  7. 8 CFR 1216.2 - Notification requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... second time of the requirement that the alien and the petitioning spouse or alien entrepreneur must file... does not relieve the alien and the petitioning spouse, or alien entrepreneur of the requirement to file...

  8. Yoga for Health

    MedlinePlus

    ... physical fitness, relieve stress, and enhance quality of life. In addition, they may be addressing specific health conditions, such as back pain, neck pain, arthritis, and anxiety. What the Science Says About Yoga Current research suggests that a ...

  9. Pain Relievers: MedlinePlus Health Topic

    MedlinePlus

    ... are two main types of OTC pain medicines: acetaminophen (Tylenol) and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Aspirin, naproxen ( ... American Rhinologic Society) Don't Double Up on Acetaminophen (Food and Drug Administration) Also in Spanish Narcotic ...

  10. Swimmer's Ear (External Otitis)

    MedlinePlus

    ... t help, your doctor might prescribe a stronger pain reliever. You'll use this only for a short time — until the ear drops and antibiotics begin to work. To protect your ear while it heals, your ...

  11. Over-the-counter pain relievers

    MedlinePlus

    ... Waltham, MA: Elsevier; 2016:236-272. Dinakar P. Principles of pain management. In: Daroff RB, Jankovic J, Mazziotta JC, Pomeroy SL, eds. Bradley's Neurology in Clinical Practice . 7th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier; 2016:chap 54.

  12. 29 CFR 790.3 - Provisions of the statute.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... subject to any liability or punishment under the Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938, as amended, * * * on...) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) which relieve an employer from liability and punishment with...

  13. Pain Relievers: Understanding Your OTC Options

    MedlinePlus

    ... NSAIDs) There are several types of NSAIDs, including: aspirin (2 brand names: Bayer, St. Joseph) ibuprofen (2 ... muscle sprains). Some products contain both acetaminophen and aspirin (2 brand names: Excedrin, Vanquish). These typically contain ...

  14. Welding of gamma titanium aluminide alloys

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smashey, Russell W. (Inventor); Snyder, John H. (Inventor); Kelly, Thomas J. (Inventor); Sheranko, Ronald L. (Inventor)

    1998-01-01

    An article made of a gamma titanium aluminide alloy is welded, as for example in the weld repair of surface cracks, by removing foreign matter from the area to be welded, first stress relieving the article, cooling the entire article to a welding temperature of from about 1000.degree. F. to about 1400.degree. F., welding a preselected region in an inert atmosphere at the welding temperature, and second stress relieving the article. Welding is preferably accomplished by striking an arc in the preselected region so as to locally melt the alloy in the preselected region, providing a filler metal having the same composition as the gamma titanium aluminide alloy of the article, and feeding the filler metal into the arc so that the filler metal is melted and fused with the article to form a weldment upon solidification.

  15. Civil tiltrotor missions and applications. Phase 2: The commercial passenger market

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thompson, P.; Neir, R.; Reber, R.; Scholes, R.; Alexander, H.; Sweet, D.; Berry, D. (Editor)

    1991-01-01

    The commercial passenger market for the civil tiltrotor was examined in phase 2. A market responsive commercial tiltrotor was found to be technically feasible, and a significant worldwide market potential was found to exist for such an aircraft, especially for relieving congestion in urban area-to-urban area service and for providing cost effective hub airport feeder service. Potential technical obstacles of community noise, vertiport area navigation, surveillance, and control, and the pilot/aircraft interface were determined to be surmountable. Nontechnical obstacles relating to national commitment and leadership and development of ground and air infrastructure were determined to be more difficult to resolve; an innovative public/private partnership is suggested to allow coordinated development of an initial commercial tiltrotor network to relieve congestion in the crowded US Northeast corridor by the year 2000.

  16. Nurses' perspectives on the suffering of preterm infants.

    PubMed

    Korhonen, Anne; Haho, Annu; Pölkki, Tarja

    2013-11-01

    The concept of suffering is discussed among those who are cognitively aware and verbally capable to express their suffering. Due to immaturity, preterm infants' abilities to express suffering are limited. Relieving suffering is an ethical and juridical demand of good nursing care. The purpose of this study is to describe nurses' perceptions of the suffering of preterm infants. A descriptive qualitative approach was selected. Data were collected from essays written by nurses (n = 19) working in the neonatal intensive care unit. Inductive content analysis guided by the research question was performed. The nurses described individually determined suffering of the preterm infants according to four categories: suffering ruled by maturation, existence of suffering, individual threshold of suffering and interpreting the cues of suffering. Suffering of preterm infants is manifested by population-specific features, emphasising the need to develop sensitive interventions for relieving their suffering.

  17. [Cannabinoids in pain medicine].

    PubMed

    Karst, M

    2018-06-07

    The endocannabinoid system (ECS) controls a large number of vital functions. Suboptimal tone of the ECS in certain regions of the nervous system may be associated with disorders that are also associated with pain. Pain and inflammation processes can be modulated by the exogenous supply of cannabinoids. Low-to-moderate pain-relieving effects and in individual cases large pain-relieving effects were observed in randomized, controlled studies of various types of chronic pain. People with chronic neuropathic pain and stress symptoms seem to particularly benefit. The therapeutic range of cannabinoids is small; often small doses are sufficient for clinically significant effects. The "Cannabis-als-Medizin-Gesetz" (cannabis as medicine law) allows the prescription of cannabis preparations under certain conditions. Available data indicate good long-term efficacy and tolerability. However, there is little systematic long-term experience from clinical studies.

  18. [Fentanyl Citrate Sublingual Tablets Were Effective in Relieving Symptoms of Akathisia - A Case Report].

    PubMed

    Kessoku, Takaomi; Kusakabe, Akihiko; Matsuura, Tetsuya; Honda, Yasushi; Yoshimi, Asuka; Goto, Ayumu; Yoshida, Haruhisa; Sukegawa, Akiko; Hata, Chiaki; Saito, Yukie; Miyashita, Yoko; Yashiro, Ryoko; Komori, Tomoya; Arai, Sachiko; Nakajima, Atsushi; Ichikawa, Yasushi

    2018-03-01

    Akathisia is a condition wherein sitting calmly and quietly is impossible, with a representative complaint of restless legs. It is generally assumed to be caused by anti-dopamine activity. In severe cases, it has been known to result in suicide attempt. We reported a case of drug-induced akathisia with difficulty in oral intake, in which fentanyl citrate sublingual tablets were found to be effective in relieving symptoms. The patient was a female aged 50's who had a gastric cancer with peritoneal dissemination causing pain and vomiting. Palliative care was requested for management of symptoms. Metoclopramide and haloperidol were administered for vomiting. However, because of the complaints of restless legs, the case was diagnosed as drug-induced akathisia. Fentanyl citrate sublingual tablets were then administered for pain management, resulting in temporary improvement of akathisia symptoms.

  19. Radiotherapy induced xerostomia: mechanisms, diagnostics, prevention and treatment--evidence based up to 2013.

    PubMed

    Kałużny, Jarosław; Wierzbicka, Małgorzata; Nogala, Hanna; Milecki, Piotr; Kopeć, Tomasz

    2014-01-01

    Definition and prevalence of xerostomia were shortly presented. Radiosensitivity of the salivary glands, mechanism, diagnostics, and possible prediction methods of the intensity of xerostomia in the pre-radiotherapy period are widely discussed. Prevention of xerostomia: salivary gland sparing radiotherapy, cytoprotective agents, preservation by stimulation with cholinergic muscarinic agonists, surgical transfer of submandibular glands according to ASCO Management Guidelines and Quality of Life Recommendations were cited. Oral Care Study Group (2010) therapeutic approaches for relieving xerostomia are referred. Current therapies, restricted to symptom relief such as oral hygiene with fluoride agents, antimicrobials to prevent dental caries, saliva substitutes to relieve symptoms, and sialogenic agents to stimulate saliva were also discussed. Copyright © 2013 Polish Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery Society. Published by Elsevier Urban & Partner Sp. z.o.o. All rights reserved.

  20. Sibling cycle piston and valving method

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Mitchell, Matthew P. (Inventor); Bauwens, Luc (Inventor)

    1990-01-01

    A double-acting, rotating piston reciprocating in a cylinder with the motion of the piston providing the valving action of the Sibling Cycle through the medium of passages between the piston and cylinder wall. The rotating piston contains regenerators ported to the walls of the piston. The piston fits closely in the cylinder at each end of the cylinder except in areas where the wall of the cylinder is relieved to provide passages between the cylinder wall and the piston leading to the expansion and compression spaces, respectively. The piston reciprocates as it rotates. The cylinder and piston together comprise an integral valve that seqentially opens and closes the ports at the ends of the regenerators alternately allowing them to communicate with the expansion space and compression space and blocking that communication. The relieved passages in the cylinder and the ports in the piston are so arranged that each regenerator is sequentially (1) charged with compressed working gas from the compression space; (2) isolated from both expansion and compression spaces; (3) discharged of working gas into the expansion space; and (4) simultaneously charged with working gas from the expansion space while being discharged of working gas into the compression space, in the manner of the Sibling Cycle. In an alterate embodiment, heat exchangers are external to the cylinder and ports in the cylinder wall are alternately closed by the wall of the piston and opened to the expansion and compression spaces through relieved passages in the wall of the reciprocating, rotating piston.

  1. A prospective study of risk for peptic ulcer disease in Seventh-Day Adventists.

    PubMed

    Kurata, J H; Nogawa, A N; Abbey, D E; Petersen, F

    1992-03-01

    Cross-sectional and prospective data were collected and analyzed to identify risk factors for the development of peptic ulcer disease in a population of 34,198 white, non-Hispanic Seventh-Day Adventists. On a life-style questionnaire administered in 1976, 3853 subjects reported ever having had a physician-diagnosed peptic ulcer for a lifetime prevalence of 13.5% for men and 11.0% for women. Odds ratios of greater than 2.0 (P less than 0.0001) were observed for use of "stronger pain relievers," current cigarette smoking, and history of rheumatism or other arthritis and coronary disease. For both sexes, lower but statistically significant odds ratios (P less than 0.05) were found for eating white bread, "snacking," ever having smoked cigarettes, low church involvement, poor dietary adherence, high blood pressure, rheumatoid arthritis, aspirin use, job frustration and dissatisfaction, having a "blue collar household," and having less education. During 3 years of follow-up, 154 incident cases of ulcer were identified. The average annual incidence was 1.7 per 1000. Multivariate adjusted relative risks were statistically significant for using stronger pain relievers (P less than 0.001), having rheumatic conditions (P = 0.006), and using aspirin (P = 0.013). These findings suggest that rheumatic disease and use of aspirin and stronger pain relievers are more important risk factors for development of peptic ulcer disease in certain populations than diet, life-style, or psychological or socioeconomic characteristics.

  2. Effect of Music Therapy on Postoperative Pain Management in Gynecological Patients: A Literature Review.

    PubMed

    Sin, Wai Man; Chow, Ka Ming

    2015-12-01

    Unrelieved postoperative pain may have a negative impact on the physiological and psychological well-being of patients. Pharmacological methods are currently used to relieve such pain in gynecological patients; however, inadequate pain control is still reported, and the use of nonpharmacological pain-relieving methods is increasingly being advocated, one of which is music therapy. The purpose of this literature review was to identify, summarize, and critically appraise current evidence on music therapy and postoperative pain management among gynecological patients. A systematic search of MEDLINE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, British Nursing Index, and Allied and Complementary Medicine was conducted using the search terms music, gynecological, pain, surgery, operative, and post-operative to identify relevant articles in English from 1995 to the present. All identified articles were assessed independently for inclusion into review. A total of 7 articles were included after removal of duplicates and exclusion of irrelevant studies. All the included studies assessed the effects of music therapy on postoperative pain intensity, and three of them measured pain-related physiological symptoms. The findings indicated that music therapy, in general, was effective in reducing pain intensity, fatigue, anxiety, and analgesic consumption in gynecological patients during the postoperative period. It is recommended as an adjunct to pharmacological pain-relieving methods in reducing postoperative pain. Future researches on music therapy to identify the most effective application and evaluate its effect by qualitative study are recommended. Copyright © 2015 American Society for Pain Management Nursing. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  3. Pain-relieving agents for infantile colic.

    PubMed

    Biagioli, Elena; Tarasco, Valentina; Lingua, Carla; Moja, Lorenzo; Savino, Francesco

    2016-09-16

    Infantile colic is a common disorder in the first months of life, affecting somewhere between 4% and 28% of infants worldwide, depending on geography and definitions used. Although it is self limiting and resolves by four months of age, colic is perceived by parents as a problem that requires action. Pain-relieving agents, such as drugs, sugars and herbal remedies, have been suggested as interventions to reduce crying episodes and severity of symptoms. To assess the effectiveness and safety of pain-relieving agents for reducing colic in infants younger than four months of age. We searched the following databases in March 2015 and again in May 2016: CENTRAL, Ovid MEDLINE, Embase and PsycINFO, along with 11 other databases. We also searched two trial registers, four thesis repositories and the reference lists of relevant studies to identify unpublished and ongoing studies. We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs evaluating the effects of pain-relieving agents given to infants with colic. We used the standard methodological procedures of The Cochrane Collaboration. We included 18 RCTs involving 1014 infants. All studies were small and at high risk of bias, often presenting major shortcomings across multiple design factors (e.g. selection, performance, attrition, lack of washout period).Three studies compared simethicone with placebo, and one with Mentha piperita; four studies compared herbal agents with placebo; two compared sucrose or glucose with placebo; five compared dicyclomine with placebo; and two compared cimetropium - one against placebo and the other at two different dosages. One multiple-arm study compared sucrose and herbal tea versus no treatment. Simethicone. Comparison with placebo revealed no difference in daily hours of crying reported for simethicone at the end of treatment in one small, low-quality study involving 27 infants. A meta-analysis of data from two cross-over studies comparing simethicone with placebo showed no difference in the number of of infants who responded positively to treatment (risk ratio (RR) 0.95, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.73 to 1.23; 110 infants, low-quality evidence).One small study (30 participants) compared simethicone with Mentha piperita and found no difference in crying duration, number of crying episodes or number of responders. Herbal agents. We found low-quality evidence suggesting that herbal agents reduce the duration of crying compared with placebo (mean difference (MD) 1.33, 95% CI 0.71 to 1.96; three studies, 279 infants), with different magnitude of benefit noted across studies (I² = 96%). We found moderate-quality evidence indicating that herbal agents increase response over placebo (RR 2.05, 95% CI 1.56 to 2.70; three studies, 277 infants). Sucrose. One very low-quality study involving 35 infants reported that sucrose reduced hours spent crying compared with placebo (MD 1.72, 95% CI 1.38 to 2.06). Dicyclomine. We could consider only one of the five studies of dicyclomine (48 infants) for the primary comparison. In this study, more of the infants given dicyclomine responded than than those given placebo (RR 2.50, 95% CI 1.17 to 5.34). Cimetropium bromide. Data from one very low-quality study comparing cimetropium bromide with placebo showed reduced crying duration among infants treated with cimetropium bromide (MD -30.20 minutes per crisis, 95% CI -39.51 to -20.89; 86 infants). The same study reported that cimetropium increased the number of responders (RR 2.29, 95% CI 1.44 to 3.64).No serious adverse events were reported for all of the agents considered, with the exception of dicyclomine, for which two of five studies reported relevant adverse effects (longer sleep 4%, wide-eyed state 4%, drowsiness 13%). At the present time, evidence of the effectiveness of pain-relieving agents for the treatment of infantile colic is sparse and prone to bias. The few available studies included small sample sizes, and most had serious limitations. Benefits, when reported, were inconsistent.We found no evidence to support the use of simethicone as a pain-relieving agent for infantile colic.Available evidence shows that herbal agents, sugar, dicyclomine and cimetropium bromide cannot be recommended for infants with colic.Investigators must conduct RCTs using standardised measures that allow comparisons among pain-relieving agents and pooling of results across studies. Parents, who most often provide the intervention and assess the outcome, should always be blinded.

  4. Federal Directions for the Aged

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Oriol, William; Affeldt, David

    1976-01-01

    Suggests that community service second careers could play an important role in deferring social security retirement benefits, but that the motivation has to be for more than a wish to relieve pressures on social security. (Author/AM)

  5. 48 CFR 52.222-35 - Equal Opportunity for Veterans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... particular group of job applicants and is not intended to relieve the Contractor from any requirements of... of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Northern Mariana Islands, American Samoa, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands...

  6. Foot Problems

    MedlinePlus

    ... Over-the-counter anti-inflammatory medication or ice massages may help relieve the pain. Start OverDiagnosisYou may have an infection called CELLULITIS. If you have diabetes, an infection of your foot may be more common and more dangerous. Self ...

  7. Stages of Uterine Sarcoma

    MedlinePlus

    ... stage of the cancer being treated. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat uterine sarcoma, and may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment ...

  8. Stages of Vaginal Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... stage of the cancer being treated. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat vaginal cancer, and may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment ...

  9. Chest Pain in Infants and Children

    MedlinePlus

    ... symptoms. Start OverDiagnosisThese symptoms may be caused by PLEURISY, an inflammation of the lining around the lung. ... or she can determine what is causing the pleurisy. Often, an anti-inflammatory drug will help relieve ...

  10. Physical Activity Improves Quality of Life

    MedlinePlus

    ... It Works Healthy Workplace Food and Beverage Toolkit Physical activity improves quality of life Updated:Mar 2,2015 ... proven to improve both mental and physical health. Physical activity boosts mental wellness. Regular physical activity can relieve ...

  11. 31 CFR 593.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... donation of funds, goods, services, or technology, including those to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property or interests in...

  12. 31 CFR 593.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... donation of funds, goods, services, or technology, including those to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property or interests in...

  13. 31 CFR 593.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... donation of funds, goods, services, or technology, including those to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property or interests in...

  14. 31 CFR 593.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... donation of funds, goods, services, or technology, including those to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property or interests in...

  15. 31 CFR 593.408 - Charitable contributions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... donation of funds, goods, services, or technology, including those to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing or medicine, may be made by, to, or for the benefit of a person whose property or interests in...

  16. Potential Energy and Emission Benefits of Vehicle Automation and Connectivity

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2017-08-01

    Driving behavior greatly impacts vehicle tailpipe emissions. Connected and automated vehicle (CAV) technologies are designed to smooth driving and relieve traffic congestion and are therefore expected to reduce fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions...

  17. Naproxen

    MedlinePlus

    ... relieve mild pain from headaches, muscle aches, arthritis, menstrual periods, the common cold, toothaches, and backaches. Naproxen is in a class of medications called NSAIDs. It works by stopping the body's production of a substance that causes pain, fever, and inflammation.

  18. Exercise support for therapy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Long, M. J.; Irick, S. C.

    1976-01-01

    Constant-value weight-relieving apparatus, which moves on rollers on overhead track, supports weight of walking, stooping, squatting, or standing patient with combination of multiple pulleys and spring clusters. Individually preselected support force is constant for all movements.

  19. Aging changes in the senses

    MedlinePlus

    ... may not produce enough tears. This leads to dry eyes. When dry eyes are not treated, infection, inflammation, and scarring of the cornea can occur. You can relieve dry eyes by using eye drops or artificial tears. Common ...

  20. 26 CFR 1.852-8 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-8 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.852-6 and 1.852-7 shall be construed to relieve regulated investment...

  1. 26 CFR 1.852-8 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-8 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.852-6 and 1.852-7 shall be construed to relieve regulated investment...

  2. 26 CFR 1.852-8 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-8 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.852-6 and 1.852-7 shall be construed to relieve regulated investment...

  3. 26 CFR 1.852-8 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-8 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.852-6 and 1.852-7 shall be construed to relieve regulated investment companies or...

  4. 26 CFR 1.852-8 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Regulated Investment Companies and Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.852-8 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.852-6 and 1.852-7 shall be construed to relieve regulated investment...

  5. 24 CFR 5.360 - Housing programs: Additional lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... remove a pet that becomes vicious, displays symptoms of severe illness, or demonstrates other behavior... relieving the project owner from liability for wrongful removal of a pet. The cost of the animal care...

  6. 24 CFR 5.360 - Housing programs: Additional lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... remove a pet that becomes vicious, displays symptoms of severe illness, or demonstrates other behavior... relieving the project owner from liability for wrongful removal of a pet. The cost of the animal care...

  7. 24 CFR 5.360 - Housing programs: Additional lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... remove a pet that becomes vicious, displays symptoms of severe illness, or demonstrates other behavior... relieving the project owner from liability for wrongful removal of a pet. The cost of the animal care...

  8. 24 CFR 5.360 - Housing programs: Additional lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... remove a pet that becomes vicious, displays symptoms of severe illness, or demonstrates other behavior... relieving the project owner from liability for wrongful removal of a pet. The cost of the animal care...

  9. 24 CFR 5.360 - Housing programs: Additional lease provisions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... remove a pet that becomes vicious, displays symptoms of severe illness, or demonstrates other behavior... relieving the project owner from liability for wrongful removal of a pet. The cost of the animal care...

  10. Cannabis and Cannabinoids (PDQ)

    MedlinePlus

    ... that gave pain relief comparable to codeine . An observational study of nabilone also showed that it relieved ... NCCIH) are sponsoring a number of clinical trials (research studies) at ... and alternative methods. Few CAM therapies have been tested using demanding ...

  11. Yerba Mate

    MedlinePlus

    Mate is a plant. The leaves are used to make medicine. Mate is used as a stimulant to relieve mental and physical tiredness ( ... diclofenac (Voltaren, Cataflam, others), ibuprofen (Advil, Motrin, others), naproxen (Anaprox, Naprosyn, others), dalteparin (Fragmin), enoxaparin (Lovenox), heparin, ...

  12. Interstitial Nephritis

    MedlinePlus

    ... A reaction to a medicine, such as certain antibiotics. Too much of certain medicines. These include diuretics (water pills) or pain relievers, such as acetaminophen, aspirin, or a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). Unbalanced levels of certain nutrients in ...

  13. 40 CFR 792.15 - Inspection of a testing facility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ...) EPA will not consider reliable for purposes of showing that a chemical substance or mixture does not... be considered reliable does not, however, relieve the sponsor of a required test of any obligation...

  14. 77 FR 28767 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Hood Canal, WA

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-16

    ... drawbridge near Port Gamble. This modification will relieve heavy rush hour road traffic on State Routes 3... hours during summer months. This action will help alleviate heavy rush hour road traffic by reducing...

  15. 21 CFR 862.3750 - Quinine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... quinine, a fever-reducing and pain-relieving drug intended in the treatment of malaria, in serum and urine. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of quinine overdose and malaria...

  16. 21 CFR 862.3750 - Quinine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... quinine, a fever-reducing and pain-relieving drug intended in the treatment of malaria, in serum and urine. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of quinine overdose and malaria...

  17. 21 CFR 862.3750 - Quinine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... quinine, a fever-reducing and pain-relieving drug intended in the treatment of malaria, in serum and urine. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of quinine overdose and malaria...

  18. 21 CFR 862.3750 - Quinine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... quinine, a fever-reducing and pain-relieving drug intended in the treatment of malaria, in serum and urine. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of quinine overdose and malaria...

  19. 21 CFR 862.3750 - Quinine test system.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... quinine, a fever-reducing and pain-relieving drug intended in the treatment of malaria, in serum and urine. Measurements obtained by this device are used in the diagnosis and treatment of quinine overdose and malaria...

  20. Airport improvement program : military airport program and reliever set-aside update

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1996-03-13

    This statement by John H. Anderson, Jr., Director, Transportation and : Telecommunications Issues, Resources, Community, and Economic Development : Division, General Accounting Office, before the U. S. House of Representatives : addresses the FAA pro...

  1. Painful menstrual periods

    MedlinePlus

    ... exercise. If these self-care measures do not work, your health care provider may offer you treatment such as: Birth control pills Mirena IUD Prescription anti-inflammatory medicines Prescription pain relievers (including narcotics, for brief periods) Antidepressants Antibiotics When ...

  2. Real-life effectiveness of budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy in asthma patients across Asia: SMARTASIA study

    PubMed Central

    2013-01-01

    Background The use of budesonide/formoterol in a single inhaler for both maintenance and reliever therapy is a recommended option for treatment of persistent asthma not responding well to inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) alone. Methods This was a multi-centre open-label study on patients whose asthma condition remained inadequately controlled by various asthma treatments other than budesonide/formoterol. After a 2-week run-in period, eligible patients underwent a 12-week treatment period with budesonide/formoterol (Symbicort SMART®, 160/4.5 μg) twice daily plus as needed. Patient’s asthma control and quality of life were assessed using the 5-item Asthma Control Questionnaire (ACQ-5) and the standardized Asthma Quality of Life Questionnaire (AQLQ-S), respectively. Results A total of 862 eligible asthma patients who have had asthma for a mean duration of 10.73 ± 12.03 years entered a 12-week treatment with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy. During treatment, ACQ-5 score improved significantly by 0.58 ± 0.93 (95% CI, 0.51 to 0.64, P < 0.0001) from the baseline level of 1.62 ± 1.00. AQLQ(S) score improved by 0.70 ± 0.89 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.76, P < 0.0001) from baseline. Asthma symptom score was also reduced significantly (P < 0.0001); between run-in and treatment periods, night- and day-time symptom scores were reduced by 0.32 ± 0.54 (95% CI, 0.28 to 0.35) and 0.30 ± 0.52 (95% CI, 0.27 to 0.34), respectively. The percentage of nights with awakenings due to asthma symptoms was reduced by 11.09 ± 26.13% (95% CI, 9.34 to 12.85%), while the percentage of asthma-control and symptom-free days increased by 20.90 ± 34.40% (95% CI, 18.59 to 23.21%) and 23.89 ± 34.62% (95% CI, 21.56 to 26.21%), respectively (P < 0.0001). Together with the improvement in asthma control, the number of night- and day-time inhalations of as-needed reliever medication decreased by 0.30 ± 0.82 (95% CI, 0.24 to 0.35) inhalations and 0.30 ± 0.97 (95% CI, 0.23 to 0.36) inhalations, respectively (P < 0.0001). No unexpected adverse events were reported. Conclusion During treatment of inadequately controlled asthmatic patients with budesonide/formoterol maintenance and reliever therapy, significant improvement in patients’ asthma control and reductions in asthma symptoms and as-needed medication use was observed. Patients’ quality of life was improved and the treatment was well tolerated. Trial registration ClinicalTrial.gov: (NCT00939341) PMID:23557023

  3. Treatment Options for Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... caused by a blocked bile duct and improve quality of life : Biliary bypass : If cancer is blocking the bile ... as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . External or internal radiation therapy as palliative treatment ...

  4. Stages of Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... caused by a blocked bile duct and improve quality of life : Biliary bypass : If cancer is blocking the bile ... as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . External or internal radiation therapy as palliative treatment ...

  5. Treatment Option Overview (Extrahepatic Bile Duct Cancer)

    MedlinePlus

    ... caused by a blocked bile duct and improve quality of life : Biliary bypass : If cancer is blocking the bile ... as palliative treatment to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . External or internal radiation therapy as palliative treatment ...

  6. Feeling Stressed? Stress Relief Might Help Your Health

    MedlinePlus

    ... Green McDonald says, “studies have also shown that mindfulness (focused attention on one’s own emotions) and other meditative practices can effectively relieve stress.” “Mindfulness means staying aware and conscious of your experiences. ...

  7. Treatment Option Overview (Uterine Sarcoma)

    MedlinePlus

    ... stage of the cancer being treated. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat uterine sarcoma, and may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment ...

  8. Treatment Options by Stage (Uterine Sarcoma)

    MedlinePlus

    ... stage of the cancer being treated. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat uterine sarcoma, and may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment ...

  9. Treatment Options by Stage (Vaginal Cancer)

    MedlinePlus

    ... stage of the cancer being treated. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat vaginal cancer, and may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment ...

  10. Treatment Option Overview (Vaginal Cancer)

    MedlinePlus

    ... stage of the cancer being treated. External and internal radiation therapy are used to treat vaginal cancer, and may also be used as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . Chemotherapy Chemotherapy is a cancer treatment ...

  11. 26 CFR 1.6015-2 - Relief from liability applicable to all qualifying joint filers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... item relative to other items; the couple's financial situation; the requesting spouse's educational... because that amount passed through the couple's joint bank account. Therefore, W may be relieved of the...

  12. 42 CFR 408.4 - Payment obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... kidney donors. (1) No premiums are required for SMI benefits related to the donation of a kidney if the donor is not an enrollee. (2) A kidney donor who is an enrollee is not relieved of the obligation for...

  13. 42 CFR 408.4 - Payment obligations.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... kidney donors. (1) No premiums are required for SMI benefits related to the donation of a kidney if the donor is not an enrollee. (2) A kidney donor who is an enrollee is not relieved of the obligation for...

  14. Military Diplomacy: A Need for Doctrine

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-05-04

    686 Cushing Road Newport, RI 02841-1207 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES...possessions to relieve or reduce human suffering, disease , hunger, or privation.” 18 Although FHA can be conducted concurrently with Peace and

  15. 26 CFR 1.857-10 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-10 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.857-8 and 1.857-9 shall be construed to relieve a real estate investment trust or its shareholders...

  16. 26 CFR 1.857-10 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-10 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.857-8 and 1.857-9 shall be construed to relieve a real estate investment trust or its shareholders...

  17. 26 CFR 1.857-10 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-10 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.857-8 and 1.857-9 shall be construed to relieve a real estate investment trust or its shareholders...

  18. 26 CFR 1.857-10 - Information returns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Real Estate Investment Trusts § 1.857-10 Information returns. Nothing in §§ 1.857-8 and 1.857-9 shall be construed to relieve a real estate investment trust or its shareholders...

  19. 21 CFR 310.532 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) to relieve the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... of benign prostatic hypertrophy, e.g., urinary urgency and frequency, excessive urinating at night... delay diagnosis and treatment of progressive obstruction and secondary infections. Based on evidence...

  20. 21 CFR 310.532 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) to relieve the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... of benign prostatic hypertrophy, e.g., urinary urgency and frequency, excessive urinating at night... delay diagnosis and treatment of progressive obstruction and secondary infections. Based on evidence...

  1. 21 CFR 310.532 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) to relieve the...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... of benign prostatic hypertrophy, e.g., urinary urgency and frequency, excessive urinating at night... delay diagnosis and treatment of progressive obstruction and secondary infections. Based on evidence...

  2. 30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... attempted until the pressure has been relieved from that part of the system to be repaired. (c) At no time... used at connections to machines of high-pressure hose lines of 1-inch inside diameter or larger, and...

  3. 30 CFR 77.412 - Compressed air systems.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... attempted until the pressure has been relieved from that part of the system to be repaired. (c) At no time... used at connections to machines of high-pressure hose lines of 1-inch inside diameter or larger, and...

  4. 75 FR 67032 - Fisheries Off West Coast States; Pacific Coast Groundfish Fishery Management Plan; Amendments 20...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2010-11-01

    ... flounder, other flatfish, and slope rockfish. Increases are necessary to relieve a restriction by allowing... round fishing opportunities to provide community stability. These corrections are needed to keep the...

  5. Plantar Fibroma

    MedlinePlus

    ... size. Orthotic devices. If the fibroma is stable, meaning it is not changing in size, custom orthotic devices (shoe inserts) may relieve the pain by distributing the patient’s weight away from the fibroma. Physical therapy. The pain is sometimes treated through physical ...

  6. Broken collarbone - aftercare

    MedlinePlus

    Applying an ice pack can help relieve your pain. Make an ice pack by putting ice in a zip lock plastic bag and wrapping ... around it. DO NOT put the bag of ice directly on your skin. This could injure your ...

  7. Careful: Acetaminophen in Pain Relief Medicines Can Cause Liver Damage

    MedlinePlus

    ... and Fever Reducers Careful: Acetaminophen in pain relief medicines can cause liver damage Share Tweet Linkedin Pin ... ingredient in many over-the-counter and prescription medicines that help relieve pain and reduce fever. More ...

  8. Intelligent transportation systems benefits, costs, and lessons learned : 2005 update

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2005-05-01

    Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) technologies offer a clear opportunity to improve transportation safety, relieve congestion, and enhance productivity. This report is a continuation of a series of reports providing a synthesis of the informat...

  9. Hepatitis A

    MedlinePlus

    ... is an inflammation of the liver. One type, hepatitis A, is caused by the hepatitis A virus (HAV). The disease spreads through contact with ... suggest medicines to help relieve your symptoms. The hepatitis A vaccine can prevent HAV. Good hygiene can also ...

  10. 40 CFR 792.17 - Effects of non-compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... U.S.C. 2 or 1001. (b) EPA, at its discretion, may not consider reliable for purposes of showing that... reliable does not, however, relieve the sponsor of a required test of the obligation under any applicable...

  11. How Can I Relieve My Pregnancy Leg Cramps?

    MedlinePlus

    ... trimesters. Experts aren't sure what causes "charley horses" (the nonclinical name for painful cramps in your ... muscles). Although they can be extremely painful, charley horses are — luckily! — usually brief. What might help: Do ...

  12. 29 CFR 785.50 - Section 4 of the Portal-to-Portal Act.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... provided in paragraph (b), of this section, no employer shall be subject to any liability or punishment... of paragraph (a) of this section which relieve an employer from liability and punishment with respect...

  13. Resolution of low back symptoms after corrective surgery for dropped-head syndrome: a report of two cases.

    PubMed

    Koda, Masao; Furuya, Takeo; Inada, Taigo; Kamiya, Koshiro; Ota, Mitsutoshi; Maki, Satoshi; Ikeda, Osamu; Aramomi, Masaaki; Takahashi, Kazuhisa; Yamazaki, Masashi; Mannoji, Chikato

    2015-10-07

    Cervical deformity can influence global sagittal balance. We report two cases of severe low back pain and lower extremity radicular pain associated with dropped-head syndrome. Symptoms were relieved by cervical corrective surgery. Two Japanese women with dropped head syndrome complained of severe low back pain and lower extremity radicular pain on walking. Radiographs showed marked cervical spine kyphosis and lumbar spine hyperlordosis. After cervicothoracic posterior corrective fusion was performed, cervical kyphosis was corrected and lumbar lordosis decreased, and low back pain and leg pain were relieved in both patients. Cervical deformity can influence global sagittal balance. Marked cervical kyphosis in patients with dropped-head syndrome can induce compensatory thoracolumbar hyperlordosis. Low back symptoms in patients with dropped-head syndrome are attributable to this compensatory lumbar hyperlordosis. Symptoms of lumbar canal stenosis may result from cervical deformity and can be improved with cervical corrective surgery.

  14. [Inserts for foot deformities].

    PubMed

    Stinus, H; Weber, F

    2005-08-01

    Inserts are orthopedic aids in the treatment of foot disorders that result from changes of the static or dynamic situation. Provision of appropriate orthopedic devices can relieve the pain caused by forefoot deformities either in lieu of surgical intervention or in rare cases also following surgical treatment to improve the symptoms of residual pain.Available materials provide support, padding, and cushioning. Inserts are custom-made to measure and/or based on a plaster impression. Determining the indication, prescribing the inlay, and checking the orthosis are the tasks of the physician. One treatment option for relieving the pain of forefoot deformities consists in conservative therapy with an insert combining features of padding and support as well as adjusting a ready-made shoe. The shoe and inlay should constitute a functional unit since often the optimal effect is only achieved with a combination of insert and orthopedic adjustment of the ready-made shoe.

  15. Comparative Study of the Effect of Intravenous Paracetamol and Tramadol in Relieving of Postoperative Pain after General Anesthesia in Nephrectomy Patients.

    PubMed

    Manne, Venkata Sesha Sai Krishna; Gondi, Srinivasa Rao

    2017-01-01

    The aim of this study was to compare the effect of intravenous paracetamol and tramadol in relieving of postoperative pain after general anesthesia for nephrectomy in prospective donor patients for kidney transplantation. A randomized study was conducted on 100 adult patients scheduled for nephrectomy aged from 35 to 55 years of both sexes and divided into two groups and were administered intravenous paracetamol and tramadol for postoperative pain relief and assessed with visual analog scale score and variations in vital parameters to assess extent of pain relief. After statistical interpretation of collected data, the observations were extrapolated. There was a statistically significant difference in the pain intensity scores obtained between the paracetamol and tramadol groups. On the basis of the present study, it is concluded that tramadol due to its lesser onset of action time was superior to paracetamol in providing acute postoperative pain relief.

  16. ε Subunit of Bacillus subtilis F1-ATPase Relieves MgADP Inhibition

    PubMed Central

    Mizumoto, Junya; Kikuchi, Yuka; Nakanishi, Yo-Hei; Mouri, Naoto; Cai, Anrong; Ohta, Tokushiro; Haruyama, Takamitsu; Kato-Yamada, Yasuyuki

    2013-01-01

    MgADP inhibition, which is considered as a part of the regulatory system of ATP synthase, is a well-known process common to all F1-ATPases, a soluble component of ATP synthase. The entrapment of inhibitory MgADP at catalytic sites terminates catalysis. Regulation by the ε subunit is a common mechanism among F1-ATPases from bacteria and plants. The relationship between these two forms of regulatory mechanisms is obscure because it is difficult to distinguish which is active at a particular moment. Here, using F1-ATPase from Bacillus subtilis (BF1), which is strongly affected by MgADP inhibition, we can distinguish MgADP inhibition from regulation by the ε subunit. The ε subunit did not inhibit but activated BF1. We conclude that the ε subunit relieves BF1 from MgADP inhibition. PMID:23967352

  17. Design, modeling and testing of a one-way energy harvesting backpack

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mi, Jia; Xu, Lin; Zhu, Ziheng; Liu, Mingyi; Zuo, Lei

    2018-04-01

    During trips and outdoor adventures, there are a lot of electric equipment and thus power supply for those devices is critical. At the same time, the burden on shoulders from heavy baggage is substantial. This paper presents a one-way energy harvesting backpack with ball-screw mechanism to generate electricity with high efficiency and reliability, while relieves the burden on shoulders. The one-way energy harvesting method only harvests negative work from human body and potentially reduce metabolic cost while carrying backpack. Simulations show that 4.5W of electrical energy can be obtained from human walking. Bench test results indicate this system can obtain an average power of 7.3 W with excitation of 2Hz and 25mm direct drive. Treadmill test to verify the performance of burden relieve on shoulders indicates this one-way design combing with elastic support strap can reduce the force on shoulders, which reduce fatigue in human.

  18. Nano-indentation used to study pyramidal slip in GaN single crystals

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Krimsky, E.; Jones, K. A.; Tompkins, R. P.; Rotella, P.; Ligda, J.; Schuster, B. E.

    2018-02-01

    The nucleation and structure of dislocations created by the nano-indentation of GaN samples with dislocation densities ≈103, 106 or 109 ⊥/cm2 were studied in the interest of learning how dislocations can be created to relieve the mismatch strain in ternary nitride films grown on (0001) oriented binary nitride substrates. Using transmission electron microscopy and stress analyses to assist in interpreting the nano-indentation data, we determined that the pop-ins in the indenter load vs. penetration depth curves are created by an avalanche process at stresses well above the typical yield stress. The process begins by the homogeneous formation of a basal plane screw dislocation that triggers the formation of pyramidal and other basal plane dislocations that relieve the excess stored elastic energy. It appears that pyramidal slip can occur on either the {1122} or {0111} planes, as there is little resistance to the cross slip of screw dislocations.

  19. [Case of anti VGKC-complex antibody associated disorder presenting with severe pain and fasciculations predominant in unilateral upper extremity].

    PubMed

    Hara, Kenju; Watanabe, Osamu; Shibano, Ken; Ishiguro, Hideaki

    2012-01-01

    A 21-year-old man complained of severe pain and muscle twitching localized in his right arm. Neurological examination showed muscle fasciculations in his right forearm but no myokymia or myotonia. Needle electromyography revealed fibrillation potentials in his biceps brachii muscle and extensor carpi radialis muscle at rest but no myokymic discharges. His serum anti-voltage-gated potassium channel (VGKC)-complex antibody level was significantly high (194.2pM; controls <100pM). Although anticonvulsant therapy relieved his pain, he was readmitted to our hospital because of severe pain in his left arm and both thighs three months later. A high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) therapy followed by steroid pulse therapy relieved his pain. This case with neither muscle cramp nor myokymia expands the phenotype of anti VGKC-complex antibody associated disorder.

  20. [Guidelines for the treatment of constipation].

    PubMed

    Park, Moo In; Shin, Jeong Eun; Myung, Seung Jae; Huh, Kyu Chan; Choi, Chang Hwan; Jung, Sung Ae; Choi, Suck Chei; Sohn, Chong Il; Choi, Myung Gyu

    2011-02-01

    While constipation is a common symptom in Korea, there are no existing treatment guidelines. Although constipation may occur as a result of organic cause, there is no obstructive mucosal or structural cause in the vast majority of patients with constipation. The present paper deals with only the management of functional constipation: lifestyle changes; bulking agents and stool softeners; osmotic agents; stimulant laxatives; prokinetics; biofeedback and surgical treatments. Exercise and dietary fiber are helpful in some patients with constipation. Laxatives including bulking agents, stool softeners, osmotic agents, and stimulant laxatives have been found to be more effective than placebo at relieving symptoms of constipation. New enterokinetic agents that affect peristalsis through selective interaction with 5-hydroxytryptamine-4 receptors can be effective in patients with constipation who cannot get adequate relief from current laxatives. Biofeedback can relieve symptoms in selected patients with pelvic floor dyssynergia. Surgical treatments can be helpful in some patients with refractory constipation.

  1. The relationship between mood state, interpersonal attitudes and psychological distress in stroke patients.

    PubMed

    Turner, Margaret A; Andrewes, David G

    2010-03-01

    This study investigated whether increasing positive mood improved interpersonal attitudes and relieved depression in depressed stroke patients despite levels of cognitive and emotional dysfunction. Depressed stroke (n = 30) and rheumatic/orthopaedic controls (n = 30) were compared on the effect of verbal and nonverbal positive and neutral mood induction on mood state, interpersonal attitudes, psychological distress and related cognitive and emotional processing deficits. Compared with the neutral mood induction condition, the positive mood induction significantly improved mood state, interpersonal attitudes and psychological distress, irrespective of cognitive and emotional processing deficits. The nonverbal material was effective for all patients but was more marked for the left hemisphere stroke group. There was no obvious influence of humour appreciation despite reduced understanding in the right hemisphere stroke group. Although the effect is likely to be short-lived, these results support the trial of positive mood induction within therapy programmes to relieve depression.

  2. A close look at an integrative treatment package for Bell's palsy in Korea.

    PubMed

    Lee, Seung Min Kathy; Lee, Suji; Park, Jun Hyeong; Park, Jongbae J; Lee, Sanghoon

    2017-02-01

    To provide an overview of the integrative treatment package for Bell's palsy provided at Kyung Hee University Korean Medicine Hospital (KHU KMH). The Facial Palsy Center at KHU KMH has been providing integrative treatment for Bell's palsy patients during the past three decades. Within 72 h of symptom onset, corticosteroids are recommended but complementary treatment including acupuncture and herbal medicine can be used to help suppress inflammation and nerve degeneration. If patients suffer from postauricular pain, pharmacopuncture and cupping is utilized. During the subacute or chronic periods, different acupuncture types are selected accordingly, and herbal medicine and moxibustion helps to improve immune functions and relieve accessory symptoms. Qigong programs are also provided to help relieve facial tension and paralysis. Although rigorous research is warranted, with limited treatment options, we highly suggest that it is worth applying integrative medicine to Bell's palsy patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Clozapine in schizophrenia patients with recurrent catatonia: report of two cases.

    PubMed

    Hung, Yi-Yung; Yang, Ping-Suen; Huang, Tiao-Lai

    2006-04-01

    Prolonged catatonia can be a source of extremely serious morbidity and mortality. Lorazepam is effective in rapidly relieving most cases of catatonia. Reports have also shown that second-generation antipsychotic drugs are also efficacious in relieving catatonia. This report describes two schizophrenia patients who demonstrated recurrent catatonic features mutism and stupor. Both patients were treated with lorazepam, diazepam or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). Patient 1 responded well and rapidly to lorazepam each time catatonia happened; but catatonia recurred once a year under treatment with many antipsychotic drugs. Patient 2 had catatonia features associated with discontinuing or decreasing clozapine. With each recurrent episode, the duration of catatonia increased, requiring an increased dosage of benzodiazepine. The patient's response to lorazepam and ECT gradually decreased, until the patient had almost no response to lorazepam, diazepam or ECT. Both patients had no recurrence during a period of 2-year follow up with continuous clozapine therapy.

  4. The Lorazepam and Diazepam Protocol for Catatonia Due to General Medical Condition and Substance in Liaison Psychiatry.

    PubMed

    Lin, Chin-Chuen; Hung, Yi-Yung; Tsai, Meng-Chang; Huang, Tiao-Lai

    2017-01-01

    The lorazepam-diazepam protocol had been proved to rapidly and effectively relieve catatonia in patients with schizophrenia or mood disorder. This study aims to investigate the efficacy of lorazepam-diazepam protocol in catatonia due to general medical conditions (GMC) and substance. Patients with catatonia that required psychiatric intervention in various settings of a medical center were included. The lorazepam-diazepam protocol had been used to treat the catatonia due to GMC or substance according to DSM-IV criteria. The treatment response had been assessed by two psychiatrists. Eighteen (85.7%) of 21 catatonic patients due to GMC or substance became free of catatonia after the lorazepam-diazepam protocol. Five (23.8%) of the 21 patients had passed away with various causes of death and wide range of time periods after catatonia. Our results showed that the lorazepam-diazepam protocol could rapidly and effectively relieve catatonia due to GMC and substance.

  5. The use of Lactobacillus GG in irritable bowel syndrome in children: a double-blind randomized control trial.

    PubMed

    Bauserman, Melissa; Bausserman, Melissa; Michail, Sonia

    2005-08-01

    To determine whether oral administration of the probiotic Lactobacillus GG under randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled conditions would improve symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in children. Fifty children fulfilling the Rome II criteria for IBS were given Lactobacillus GG or placebo for 6 weeks. Response to therapy was recorded and collected on a weekly basis using the Gastrointestinal Symptom Rating Scale (GSRS). Lactobacillus GG was not superior to placebo in relieving abdominal pain (40.0% response rate in the placebo group vs 44.0% in the Lactobacillus GG group; P=.774). There was no difference in the other gastrointestinal symptoms, except for a lower incidence of perceived abdominal distention (P=.02 favoring Lactobacillus GG). Lactobacillus GG was not superior to placebo in the treatment of abdominal pain in children with IBS but may help relieve such symptoms as perceived abdominal distention.

  6. Preliminary studies on nasal decongestant activity from the seed of the shea butter tree, Butyrospermum parkii.

    PubMed

    Tella, A

    1979-05-01

    1 The seed of Butyrospermum parkii yields shea butter which according to local traditional healers relieves inflammation of the nostrils. 2 Since there is as yet no absolutely satisfactory nasal decongestant in clinical use, it was decided to investigate the effects of shea butter in nasal congestion. The substance was prepared in the laboratory. 3 The human subjects used were those suffering from rhinitis with moderate to severe nasal congestion. They were divided into the test group which received shea butter, the control group which was treated with xylometazoline and the 'placebo' group which received white petroleum jelly B.P. 4 The results showed that nasal congestion was relieved more satisfactorily in the test group than in the other two groups. 5 It is concluded that shea butter may prove more efficacious in nasal congestion than conventional nasal drops.

  7. Preliminary studies on nasal decongestant activity from the seed of the shea butter tree, Butyrospermum parkii.

    PubMed Central

    Tella, A

    1979-01-01

    1 The seed of Butyrospermum parkii yields shea butter which according to local traditional healers relieves inflammation of the nostrils. 2 Since there is as yet no absolutely satisfactory nasal decongestant in clinical use, it was decided to investigate the effects of shea butter in nasal congestion. The substance was prepared in the laboratory. 3 The human subjects used were those suffering from rhinitis with moderate to severe nasal congestion. They were divided into the test group which received shea butter, the control group which was treated with xylometazoline and the 'placebo' group which received white petroleum jelly B.P. 4 The results showed that nasal congestion was relieved more satisfactorily in the test group than in the other two groups. 5 It is concluded that shea butter may prove more efficacious in nasal congestion than conventional nasal drops. PMID:89854

  8. The therapeutic potential of renin angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) in chronic pain: from preclinical studies to clinical trials.

    PubMed

    Bessaguet, Flavien; Magy, Laurent; Desmoulière, Alexis; Demiot, Claire

    2016-01-01

    The prevalence rate of chronic pain is 15% to 25% in adults while the therapeutic arsenal is still insufficient, especially in relieving neuropathic pain. Peripheral pain transmission is conducted by the small Aδ and C sensory nerve fibres. They express elements from the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), a well-known blood pressure regulator. Recently, studies have demonstrated the role of angiotensin II, its derivatives and aldosterone in the modulation of pain perception, by interacting with receptors expressed by sensory nerve fibres or through the central nervous system. Here, we assess the effects of RAAS modulators in the conduction of pain with molecular, preclinical and clinical approaches, in normal or pathological conditions. Currently, some clinical studies have been carried out on the pain-relieving effect of RAAS modulators and suggest their potential in the management of chronic, inflammatory or neuropathic pain.

  9. Management of esophageal stenting-associated esophagotracheal fistula, tracheal stenosis and tracheal rupture: a case report and review of the literature.

    PubMed

    Ji, Fanceng; Nie, Peihe; Yi, Fuxia; Zhang, Limin

    2015-01-01

    Although the placement of esophageal self-expandable stents (SES) can effectively relieve dysphagia after radiotherapy in patients with esophageal cancer (EC), it may induce severe esophageal complications. This article reports a case of emergency endotracheal intubation in an EC patient who suddenly developed severe dyspnea two months after SES placement. Electronic bronchoscopy of the patient's airway confirmed the diagnosis of esophagotracheal fistula, tracheal stenosis and tracheal rupture. Endotracheal intubation was successfully performed under the guidance of electronic bronchoscopy. Dyspnea due to tracheal stenosis was relieved effectively by inserting the tracheal catheter to a proper place under the guidance of electronic bronchoscopy. Bronchoscopic examination is strongly recommended in EC patients who are highly suspected as having airway stenosis associated with esophageal stenting, for which endotracheal intubation under the guidance of bronchoscopy is suggested.

  10. Urolift - minimally invasive surgical BPH management.

    PubMed

    Pushkaran, Anish; Stainer, Victoria; Muir, Gordon; Shergill, Iqbal S

    2017-03-01

    An ideal treatment option for symptomatic Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) should relieve lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) and restore Quality of Life (QoL). Currently available medical therapies and surgical options for symptomatic BPH have side effects that adversely affects quality of life. Prostatic urethral lift (PUL) is a novel endourology procedure that promises to relieve LUTS without the aforementioned side effects. Areas covered: We diligently reviewed all the published literature on PUL, till July 2016 using standard search criteria. Expert commentary: There is good quality evidence to establish the efficiency of PUL in treating symptomatic BPH without adversely affecting the QoL. Based on the current literature, PUL can be considered as an option for those symptomatic BPH patients with small or medium size prostates (< 80 ml) without median lobe enlargement, who failed on medical therapy or are intolerant to it and wish to preserve their sexual function.

  11. Loneliness as the cause and the effect of problematic Internet use: the relationship between Internet use and psychological well-being.

    PubMed

    Kim, Junghyun; LaRose, Robert; Peng, Wei

    2009-08-01

    The current research started from the assumption that one of the major motives driving individuals' Internet use is to relieve psychosocial problems (e.g., loneliness, depression). This study showed that individuals who were lonely or did not have good social skills could develop strong compulsive Internet use behaviors resulting in negative life outcomes (e.g., harming other significant activities such as work, school, or significant relationships) instead of relieving their original problems. Such augmented negative outcomes were expected to isolate individuals from healthy social activities and lead them into more loneliness. Even though previous research suggests that social use of the Internet (e.g., social networking sites, instant messaging) could be more problematic than entertainment use (e.g., downloading files), the current study showed that the former did not show stronger associations than the latter in the key paths leading to compulsive Internet use.

  12. Pain and Poppies: The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly of Opioid Analgesics

    PubMed Central

    Al-Hasani, Ream; Salvemini, Daniela; Salter, Michael W.; Gutstein, Howard

    2015-01-01

    Treating pain is one of the most difficult challenges in medicine and a key facet of disease management. The isolation of morphine by Friedrich Sertürner in 1804 added an essential pharmacological tool in the treatment of pain and spawned the discovery of a new class of drugs known collectively as opioid analgesics. Revered for their potent pain-relieving effects, even Morpheus the god of dreams could not have dreamt that his opium tincture would be both a gift and a burden to humankind. To date, morphine and other opioids remain essential analgesics for alleviating pain. However, their use is plagued by major side effects, such as analgesic tolerance (diminished pain-relieving effects), hyperalgesia (increased pain sensitivity), and drug dependence. This review highlights recent advances in understanding the key causes of these adverse effects and explores the effect of chronic pain on opioid reward. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Chronic pain is pervasive and afflicts >100 million Americans. Treating pain in these individuals is notoriously difficult and often requires opioids, one of the most powerful and effective classes of drugs used for controlling pain. However, their use is plagued by major side effects, such as a loss of pain-relieving effects (analgesic tolerance), paradoxical pain (hyperalgesia), and addiction. Despite the potential side effects, opioids remain the pharmacological cornerstone of modern pain therapy. This review highlights recent breakthroughs in understanding the key causes of these adverse effects and explores the cellular control of opioid systems in reward and aversion. The findings will challenge traditional views of the good, the bad, and the ugly of opioids. PMID:26468188

  13. Demonstration of Hazardous Hypervelocity Test Capability

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Rodriquez, Karen M.

    1991-01-01

    NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC) White Sands Test Facility (WSTF) participated in a joint test program with NASA JSC Hypervelocity Impact Research Laboratory (HIRL) to determine if JSC was capable of performing hypervelocity impact tests on hazardous targets. Seven pressurized vessels were evaluated under hypervelocity impact conditions. The vessels were tested with various combinations of liquids and gasses at various pressures. Results from the evaluation showed that vessels containing 100-percent pressurized gas sustained more severe damage and had a higher potential for damaging nearby equipment, than vessels containing 75-percent liquid, 25-percent inert pressurized gas. Two water-filled test vessels, one of which was placed behind an aluminum shield, failed by bulging and splitting open at the impact point; pressure was relieved without the vessel fragmenting or sustaining internal damage. An additional water-filled test vessel, placed a greater distance behind an aluminum shield, sustained damage that resembled a shotgun blast, but did not bulge or split open; again, pressure was relieved without the vessel fragmenting. Two test vessels containing volatile liquids (nitro methane and hydrazine) also failed by bulging and splitting open; neither liquid detonated under hypervelocity test conditions. A test vessel containing nitrogen gas failed by relieving pressure through a circular entry hole; multiple small penetrations opposite the point of entry provided high velocity target debris to surrounding objects. A high-pressure oxygen test vessel fragmented upon impact; the ensuing fire and high velocity fragments caused secondary damage to surrounding objects. The results from the evaluation of the pressurized vessels indicated that JSC is capable of performing hypervelocity impact tests on hazardous targets.

  14. Swimming Training Reduces Neuroma Pain by Regulating Neurotrophins

    PubMed Central

    TIAN, JINGE; YU, TINGTING; XU, YONGMING; PU, SHAOFENG; LV, YINGYING; ZHANG, XIN; DU, DONGPING

    2018-01-01

    ABSTRACT Introduction Neuroma formation after peripheral nerve transection leads to severe neuropathic pain in amputees. Previous studies suggested that physical exercise could bring beneficial effect on alleviating neuropathic pain. However, the effect of exercise on neuroma pain still remained unclear. In addition, long-term exercise can affect the expression of neurotrophins (NT), such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which play key roles in nociceptor sensitization and nerve sprouting after nerve injury. Here, we investigated whether long-term swimming exercise could relieve neuroma pain by modulating NT expression. Methods We used a tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) rat model to mimic neuroma pain. After TNT surgery, rats performed swimming exercise for 5 wk. Neuroma pain and tactile sensitivities were detected using von Frey filaments. Immunofluorescence was applied to analyze neuroma formation. NGF and BDNF expressions in peripheral neuroma, dorsal root ganglion, and the spinal cord were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. Results TNT led to neuroma formation, induced neuroma pain, and mechanical allodynia in hind paw. Five-week swimming exercise inhibited neuroma formation and relieved mechanical allodynia in the hind paw and neuroma pain in the lateral ankle. The analgesic effect lasted for at least 1 wk, even when the exercise ceased. TNT elevated the expressions of BDNF and NGF in peripheral neuroma, dorsal root ganglion, and the spinal cord to different extents. Swimming also decreased the elevation of NT expression. Conclusions Swimming exercise not only inhibits neuroma formation induced by nerve transection but also relieves pain behavior. These effects might be associated with the modulation of NT. PMID:28846565

  15. Macrovascular Decompression of Facial Nerve With Anteromedial Transposition of a Dolichoectatic Vertebral Artery: 3-Dimensional Operative Video.

    PubMed

    Tabani, Halima; Yousef, Sonia; Burkhardt, Jan-Karl; Gandhi, Sirin; Benet, Arnau; Lawton, Michael T

    2018-05-21

    Most cranial nerve compression syndromes (ie, trigeminal neuralgia and hemifacial spasm) are caused by small arteries impinging on a nerve and are relieved by microvascular decompression. Rarely, cranial nerve compression syndromes can be caused by large artery impingement and can be relieved by macrovascular decompression. When present, this compression often occurs in association with degenerative atherosclerosis in the vertebral arteries (VA) and basilar artery. Conservative treatment is recommended for mild forms, but surgical transposition of the VA away from the root entry zone (REZ) can be considered. This video demonstrates macrovascular decompression of a dolichoectatic VA in a 74-yr-old female with refractory left hemifacial spasm. After obtaining IRB approval, patient consent was sought for the procedure. With the patient in three-quarter-prone position, a far-lateral craniotomy was performed. The dentate ligament was cut to free the VA, and the suprahypoglossal portion of the vagoaccessory triangle was widened. VA compressed the REZ of the facial nerve, but was mobilized anteromedially off the REZ. A muslin sling was wrapped around the VA and its tail brought down to the clival dura, which was punctured with a 19-gauge needle and enlarged with a dissector. The sling was pulled anteromedially to this puncture site and secured to the dura with an aneurysm clip, relieving the REZ of all compression. The patient tolerated the procedure with mild, transient hoarseness and her hemifacial spasm resolved completely. This case demonstrates the macrovascular decompression technique with anteromedial transposition of the vertebrobasilar artery, which can also be used for trigeminal neuralgia.

  16. Normalizing suffering: A meta-synthesis of experiences of and perspectives on pain and pain management in nursing homes.

    PubMed

    Vaismoradi, Mojtaba; Skär, Lisa; Söderberg, Siv; Bondas, Terese E

    2016-01-01

    Older people who live in nursing homes commonly suffer from pain. Therefore, relieving suffering among older people that stems from pain demands knowledge improvement through an integration of international knowledge. This study aimed to integrate current international findings and strengthen the understanding of older people's experiences of and perspectives on pain and pain management in nursing homes. A meta-synthesis study using Noblit and Hare's interpretative meta-ethnography approach was conducted. Empirical research papers from journals were collected from various databases. The search process and appraisal determined six articles for inclusion. Two studies were conducted in the US and one each in Iceland, Norway, the UK, and Australia. The older people's experiences of pain as well as perspectives on pain management from all involved (older people, their family members, and healthcare staff) were integrated into a theoretical model using three themes of "identity of pain," "recognition of pain," and "response to pain." The metaphor of "normalizing suffering" was devised to illustrate the meaning of pain experiences and pain management in nursing homes. Society's common attitude that pain is unavoidable and therefore acceptable in old age in society-among older people themselves as well as those who are responsible for reporting, acknowledging, and relieving pain-must change. The article emphasizes that pain as a primary source of suffering can be relieved, provided that older people are encouraged to report their pain. In addition, healthcare staff require sufficient training to take a person-centered approach towards assessment and management of pain that considers all elements of pain.

  17. Interventions of the nursing diagnosis „Acute Pain“ – Evaluation of patients' experiences after total hip arthroplasty compared with the nursing record by using Q-DIO-Pain: a mixed methods study

    PubMed

    Zanon, David C; Gralher, Dieter; Müller-Staub, Maria

    2017-01-01

    Background: Pain affects patients' rehabilitation after hip replacement surgery. Aim: The study aim was to compare patients' responses, on their received pain relieving nursing interventions after hip replacement surgery, with the documented interventions in their nursing records. Method: A mixed methods design was applied. In order to evaluate quantitative data the instrument „Quality of Diagnoses, Interventions and Outcomes“ (Q-DIO) was further developed to measure pain interventions in nursing records (Q-DIO-Pain). Patients (n = 37) answered a survey on the third postoperative day. The patients' survey findings were then compared with the Q-DIO-Pain results and cross-validated by qualitative interviews. Results: The most reported pain level was „no pain“ (NRS 0 – 10 Points). However, 17 – 50 % of patients reported pain levels of three or higher and 11 – 22 % of five or higher in situations of motion / ambulation. A significant match between patients' findings and Q-DIO-Pain results was found for the intervention „helping to adapt medications“ (n = 32, ICC = 0.111, p = 0.042, CI 95 % 2-sided). Otherwise no significant matches were found. Interviews with patients and nurses confirmed that far more pain-relieving interventions affecting „Acute Pain“ were carried out, than were documented. Conclusions: Based on the results, pain assessments and effective pain-relieving interventions, especially before or after motion / ambulation should be improved and documented. It is recommended to implement a nursing standard for pain control.

  18. Swimming Training Reduces Neuroma Pain by Regulating Neurotrophins.

    PubMed

    Tian, Jinge; Yu, Tingting; Xu, Yongming; Pu, Shaofeng; Lv, Yingying; Zhang, Xin; DU, Dongping

    2018-01-01

    Neuroma formation after peripheral nerve transection leads to severe neuropathic pain in amputees. Previous studies suggested that physical exercise could bring beneficial effect on alleviating neuropathic pain. However, the effect of exercise on neuroma pain still remained unclear. In addition, long-term exercise can affect the expression of neurotrophins (NT), such as nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which play key roles in nociceptor sensitization and nerve sprouting after nerve injury. Here, we investigated whether long-term swimming exercise could relieve neuroma pain by modulating NT expression. We used a tibial neuroma transposition (TNT) rat model to mimic neuroma pain. After TNT surgery, rats performed swimming exercise for 5 wk. Neuroma pain and tactile sensitivities were detected using von Frey filaments. Immunofluorescence was applied to analyze neuroma formation. NGF and BDNF expressions in peripheral neuroma, dorsal root ganglion, and the spinal cord were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. TNT led to neuroma formation, induced neuroma pain, and mechanical allodynia in hind paw. Five-week swimming exercise inhibited neuroma formation and relieved mechanical allodynia in the hind paw and neuroma pain in the lateral ankle. The analgesic effect lasted for at least 1 wk, even when the exercise ceased. TNT elevated the expressions of BDNF and NGF in peripheral neuroma, dorsal root ganglion, and the spinal cord to different extents. Swimming also decreased the elevation of NT expression. Swimming exercise not only inhibits neuroma formation induced by nerve transection but also relieves pain behavior. These effects might be associated with the modulation of NT.

  19. Does nebulized fentanyl relieve dyspnea during exercise in healthy man?

    PubMed Central

    Kotrach, Houssam G.; Bourbeau, Jean

    2015-01-01

    Few therapies exist for the relief of dyspnea in restrictive lung disorders. Accumulating evidence suggests that nebulized opioids selective for the mu-receptor subtype may relieve dyspnea by modulating intrapulmonary opioid receptor activity. Our respective primary and secondary objectives were to test the hypothesis that nebulized fentanyl (a mu-opioid receptor agonist) relieves dyspnea during exercise in the presence of abnormal restrictive ventilatory constraints and to identify the physiological mechanisms of this improvement. In a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover study, we examined the effect of 250 μg nebulized fentanyl, chest wall strapping (CWS), and their interaction on detailed physiological and perceptual responses to constant work rate cycle exercise (85% of maximum incremental work rate) in 14 healthy, fit young men. By design, CWS decreased vital capacity by ∼20% and mimicked the negative consequences of a mild restrictive lung disorder on exercise endurance time and on dyspnea, breathing pattern, dynamic operating lung volumes, and diaphragmatic electromyographic and respiratory muscle function during exercise. Compared with placebo under both unrestricted control and CWS conditions, nebulized fentanyl had no effect on exercise endurance time, integrated physiological response to exercise, sensory intensity, unpleasantness ratings of exertional dyspnea. Our results do not support a role for intrapulmonary opioids in the neuromodulation of exertional dyspnea in health nor do they provide a physiological rationale for the use of nebulized fentanyl in the management of dyspnea due to mild restrictive lung disorders, specifically those arising from abnormalities of the chest wall and not affiliated with airway inflammation. PMID:26031762

  20. Balloon Dilation of the Cartilaginous Portion of the Eustachian Tube.

    PubMed

    Silvola, Juha; Kivekäs, Ilkka; Poe, Dennis S

    2014-07-01

    Studies of balloon Eustachian tuboplasty (BET) have shown encouraging results in small series with short follow-ups. Our pilot study suggested that patients with protracted otitis media with effusion (OME) or atelectasis of the tympanic membrane (TM) could benefit from BET. A prospective study where subjects act as their own controls. Patients from the pilot study and additional cases were enrolled in this cohort with long-term follow-up. Regional Academic Center. Out of 80 patients who underwent BET, 41 consecutive Eustachian tube (ET) operations were included. Subjects' inclusion criteria were OME and/or TM atelectasis, type B or C tympanograms, and inability to inflate their middle ears by Valsalva maneuver. All patients had longstanding ET dysfunction relieved only by repeated tympanostomies. Outcomes included ability to perform a Valsalva maneuver, audiometry, tympanometry, videoendoscopy of the ET with mucosal inflammation rating scores, and otomicroscopy. All cases were dilated successfully, without significant complications. Mean follow-up was 2.5 years (range, 1.5-4.2 years). Eighty percent (33/41) could do a Valsalva maneuver postoperatively; none of these ears required new tympanostomy tubes and subjective symptoms were relieved. Tympanometry results showed overall improvement. Nine patients had persistent perforations and 3 declined removal of the tube. Subjective symptoms were not relieved for 10% (4/41). The results show that BET can effectively improve ET function in ears with OME or atelectasis. The procedure is well tolerated and without significant complications. The follow-up continues and we are investigating possible reasons for failures. © American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation 2014.

  1. Revision with Totally Hand-Sewn Gastrojejunostomy and Vagotomy for Refractory Marginal Ulcer after Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

    PubMed

    Chang, Po-Chih; Huang, Chih-Kun; Rajan, Mahendra; Hsin, Ming-Che

    2016-05-01

    Marginal ulcer is not infrequent after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and could result in undesirable complications, such as intractability, bleeding, or perforation. Those patients who failed medical therapy, regarded as refractory marginal ulcers, may be considered as candidates for revisional surgery. Herein, we make a video presentation of a laparoscopic revisional procedure for refractory marginal ulcer. A 29-year-old morbidly obese woman (initial body mass index 37.1 kg/m(2)), a non-smoker, presented with persistent epigastric pain 3 months after initial laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at another institution. After an exhaustive work-up there, only the gastroendoscopy revealed a marginal ulcer and she underwent medical treatment (proton pump inhibitor and sucralfate) for 3 months, but the patient's symptom aggravated and the serial gastroendoscopies still confirmed the marginal ulcer without obvious resolution after a total of 4 months proton pump inhibitor therapy, suggesting failure of medical treatment and intractability. Laparoscopic revisional procedure with totally hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy and vagotomy was performed to relieve her intractable condition. The procedure took 130 min, without any intra-operative complications. Blood loss was 80 mL. The patient had an uneventful postoperative course, and the postoperative hospital stay was 3 days. She was relieved of her symptoms after this revisional surgery, and a subsequent gastroendoscopy 15 months later showed no marginal ulcers. Though long-term follow-up is needed to draw a definite conclusion, totally hand-sewn gastrojejunostomy and vagotomy remains a practicable revisional procedure to relieve refractory marginal ulcers.

  2. Nonmedical prescription pain reliever and alcohol consumption among cannabis users.

    PubMed

    Novak, Scott P; Peiper, Nicholas C; Zarkin, Gary A

    2016-02-01

    This study examined poly-drug use involving the use of cannabis with nonmedical prescription pain reliever use (NMPR) and alcohol use. Computer-assisted survey data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were examined. The NSDUH is an annual, cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized citizens in the United States (ages 12+). Replicate analyses were conducted using the 2013 and 2003 survey waves. Higher levels of cannabis use were consistently associated with more frequent consumption of prescription pain relievers, with findings replicating in both 2013 and 2003. While the prevalence of dual users declined from 2003 (2.5%) to 2013 (2.3%), the average number of days used among dual users increased by an average of 20 days over that period. These changes largely occurred among those aged 35 or older, males, whites, and non-illicit drug users. Past-year marijuana use increased by 16% (10.8-12.6%, p-value<.001) whereas NMPR decreased by 15% (4.9-4.2%, p-value<.001). The largest changes occurred after 2011. Persons using the most cannabis generally had higher levels of alcohol use relative to those using the least amount of cannabis. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of dual use between 2003 (10.2%) and 2013 (11.6%), while the prevalence of past-year alcohol use remained relatively stable. Clinical efforts and public health interventions should consider the possible co-ingestion of cannabis with NMPR and alcohol, as concomitant use may portend negative health effects in the short and long-term. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Nonmedical prescription pain reliever and alcohol consumption among cannabis users

    PubMed Central

    Novak, Scott P.; Peiper, Nicholas C.; Zarkin, Gary A.

    2016-01-01

    Background This study examined poly-drug use involving the use of cannabis with nonmedical prescription pain reliever use (NMPR) and alcohol use. Methods Computer-assisted survey data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health were examined. The NSDUH is an annual, cross-sectional survey of non-institutionalized citizens in the United States (ages 12+). Replicate analyses were conducted using the 2013 and 2003 survey waves. Results Higher levels of cannabis use were consistently associated with more frequent consumption of prescription pain relievers, with findings replicating in both 2013 and 2003. While the prevalence of dual users declined from 2003 (2.5%) to 2013 (2.3%), the average number of days used among dual users increased by an average of 20 days over that period. These changes largely occurred among those aged 35 or older, males, whites, and non-illicit drug users. Past-year marijuana use increased by 16% (10.8–12.6%, p-value < .001) whereas NMPR decreased by 15% (4.9–4.2%, p-value < .001). The largest changes occurred after 2011. Persons using the most cannabis generally had higher levels of alcohol use relative to those using the least amount of cannabis. There was a significant increase in the prevalence of dual use between 2003 (10.2%) and 2013 (11.6%), while the prevalence of past-year alcohol use remained relatively stable. Conclusions Clinical efforts and public health interventions should consider the possible co-ingestion of cannabis with NMPR and alcohol, as concomitant use may portend negative health effects in the short and long-term. PMID:26748409

  4. A comparison of the antinociceptive effects of imipramine, tramadol and anpirtoline.

    PubMed Central

    Hummel, T; Hummel, C; Friedel, I; Pauli, E; Kobal, G

    1994-01-01

    The pain relieving properties of imipramine (100 mg orally), tramadol (150 mg orally), and anpirtoline (60 mg orally) were compared in 16 healthy subjects in a cross-over, double-blind, randomized, and placebo-controlled study. Anpirtoline exhibits analgesia which is possibly mediated via serotoninergic pathways, whereas tramadol exerts its effects at opioid receptors. The pain-relieving effect of the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine may involve both serotoninergic and opioid mechanisms. Chemo-somatosensory event-related potentials (CSSERP) were recorded after painful stimulation of the nasal mucosa with carbon dioxide. Subjects rated the perceived intensity of the stimuli by means of a visual analogue scale. In addition, acoustically evoked responses were recorded, the spontaneous EEG was analyzed in the frequency domain, the subjects' vigilance was assessed in a tracking task, and side effects of the drugs were monitored. Anpirtoline and tramadol produced a decrease of both CSSERP amplitudes and subjective estimates of pain, the effects of the former compound being greater. In contrast, after administration of imipramine no change of CSSERP amplitudes could be detected, whereas the subjective estimate of pain intensity decreased significantly. This was accompanied by a significant decrease of arousal indicating that pain relief produced by acute administration of imipramine was primarily related to its sedation action. The analgesic properties of anpirtoline were demonstrated in man. Tramadol was characterized as a week opioid analgesic. In contrast, imipramine appeared to produce its pain-relieving effects predominantly by non-specific actions. It is hypothesized that different analgesics may change ERP sources in a drug-specific manner. PMID:8018453

  5. Isosorbide dinitrate and nifedipine treatment of achalasia: a clinical, manometric and radionuclide evaluation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gelfond, M.; Rozen, P.; Gilat, T.

    1982-11-01

    The effects of sublingual isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg) and nifedipine (20 mg) were compared in 15 patients with achalasia. The parameters examined included the manometric measurement of the lower esophageal sphincter pressure, the radionuclide assessment of esophageal emptying and the clinical response. The mean basal lower esophageal sphincter pressure fell significantly after both drugs (p less than 0.01), with a maximum fall of 63.5% 10 min after receiving isosorbide dinitrate, but by only 46.7% 30 min after nifedipine. The esophageal radionuclide test meal retention was significantly less (p less than 0.01) only after receiving isosorbide dinitrate. The drug improved initialmore » esophageal emptying by its effect on the lower esophageal sphincter and by relieving the test meal hold-up noted to occur at the junction of the upper and midesophagus. Eight patients cleared their test meal within 10 min after isosorbide dinitrate administration while only two did so after nifedipine. Subjectively, 13 patients had their dysphagia relieved by isosorbide dinitrate and 8 by nifedipine. However, this relief was not confirmed in 4 patients by the radionuclide study and they, as well as the other 3 patients who did not respond to therapy, were referred to pneumatic dilatation. Side effects were more prominent after nitrates. Three of the patients are currently receiving nifedipine and 5 patients received isosorbide dinitrate therapy for 8-14 mo. The radionuclide test meal is currently the best way of objectively evaluating drug therapy in patients with achalasia. Isosorbide dinitrate is more effective than nifedipine in relieving their symptoms.« less

  6. Construction of new synthetic biology tools for the control of gene expression in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002.

    PubMed

    Zess, Erin K; Begemann, Matthew B; Pfleger, Brian F

    2016-02-01

    Predictive control of gene expression is an essential tool for developing synthetic biological systems. The current toolbox for controlling gene expression in cyanobacteria is a barrier to more in-depth genetic analysis and manipulation. Towards relieving this bottleneck, this work describes the use of synthetic biology to construct an anhydrotetracycline-based induction system and adapt a trans-acting small RNA (sRNA) system for use in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. An anhydrotetracycline-inducible promoter was developed to maximize intrinsic strength and dynamic range. The resulting construct, PEZtet , exhibited tight repression and a maximum 32-fold induction upon addition of anhydrotetracycline. Additionally, a sRNA system based on the Escherichia coli IS10 RNA-IN/OUT regulator was adapted for use in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. This system exhibited 70% attenuation of target gene expression, providing a demonstration of the use of sRNAs for differential gene expression in cyanobacteria. These systems were combined to produce an inducible sRNA system, which demonstrated 59% attenuation of target gene expression. Lastly, the role of Hfq, a critical component of sRNA systems in E. coli, was investigated. Genetic studies showed that the Hfq homolog in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002 did not impact repression by the engineered sRNA system. In summary, this work describes new synthetic biology tools that can be applied to physiological studies, metabolic engineering, or sRNA platforms in Synechococcus sp. strain PCC 7002. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  7. Effect of impeded medial longitudinal arch drop on vertical ground reaction force and center of pressure during static loading.

    PubMed

    Chen, Shing-Jye; Gielo-Perczak, Krystyna

    2011-01-01

    Arch supports commonly used to alleviate foot pain can impede the normal drop of medial longitudinal arch (MLA) thereby altering its function. The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of using arch supports on vertical ground reaction force (GRF) and center of pressure (COP) during simulated midstance while the foot was statically loaded. Ten healthy young subjects were recruited. Two dimensional (2D) analysis of the MLA was captured for both barefoot (BF) and arch support conditions before and after loading via a custom made weight loading apparatus. The foot was loaded and positioned to simulate the midstance phase of walking. Two-dimensional reflective markers demarcated the MLA and captured with the loaded foot on a force platform. The impeded MLA drop was compared between the unloaded BF, loaded BF and loaded arch support conditions. The vertical GRF, the anterior-posterior and the medial-lateral COP displacements were also measured in response to the impeded MLA by the arch supports. The arch supports impeded the MLA drop (p<0.05) and shifted the COP toward the medial side (p<0.05), specifically for the rearfoot (calcaneal segment region), but no changes were determined for the vertical GRF (p>0.05). The impedance of MLA drop by the arch support altered the pattern of the ML COP shift in the rearfoot region. The use of arch supports may not relieve painful foot conditions that are associated with excessive calcaneal eversion indicated by altering COP shifts in localized foot regions.

  8. Support to triage and public risk perception considering long-term response to a Cs-137 radiological dispersive device scenario.

    PubMed

    Andrade, Cristiane Ps; Souza, Cláudio J; Camerini, Eduardo Sn; Alves, Isabela S; Vital, Hélio C; Healy, Matthew Jf; Ramos De Andrade, Edson

    2018-06-01

    A radiological dispersive device (RDD) spreads radioactive material, complicates the treatment of physical injuries, raises cancer risk, and induces disproportionate fear. Simulating such an event enables more effective and efficient utilization of the triage and treatment resources of staff, facilities, and space. Fast simulation can give detail on events in progress or future events. The resources for triage and treatment of contaminated trauma victims can differ for pure exposure individuals, while discouraging the "worried well" from presenting in the crisis phase by media announcement would relieve pressure on hospital facilities. The proposed methodology integrates capabilities from different platforms in a convergent way composed of three phases: (a) scenario simulation, (b) data generation, and (c) risk assessment for triage focused on follow-up epidemiological assessment. Simulations typically indicate that most of the affected population does not require immediate medical assistance. Medical triage for the few severely injured and the radiological triage to diminish the contamination with radioactivity will always be the priority. For this study, however, higher priorities should be given to individuals from radiological "warm" and "hot" zones as required by risk criteria. The proposed methodology could thus help to (a) filter and reduce the number of individuals to be attended, (b) optimize the prioritization of medical care, (c) reduce or prepare for future costs, (d) effectively locate the operational triage site to avoid possible contamination on the main facility, and (e) provide the scientific data needed to develop an adequate approach to risk and its proper communication.

  9. Alternatives for providing a safe passage for non-motorized traffic across an existing highway bridge.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    2015-08-31

    Non-motorized transportation increases mobility choices, relieves congestion, promotes local economy, reduces greenhouse gas emission, promotes a healthy lifestyle, and improves quality of life. Recently, there is an emphasis on developing integrated...

  10. Treatment Option Overview (Adult Primary Liver Cancer)

    MedlinePlus

    ... adult primary liver cancer may include the following: Total hepatectomy and liver transplant . Partial hepatectomy . Ablation Transarterial chemoembolization and targeted therapy with sorafenib , as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . A clinical trial of a new ...

  11. Treatment Options for Adult Primary Liver Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... adult primary liver cancer may include the following: Total hepatectomy and liver transplant . Partial hepatectomy . Ablation Transarterial chemoembolization and targeted therapy with sorafenib , as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . A clinical trial of a new ...

  12. Stages of Adult Primary Liver Cancer

    MedlinePlus

    ... adult primary liver cancer may include the following: Total hepatectomy and liver transplant . Partial hepatectomy . Ablation Transarterial chemoembolization and targeted therapy with sorafenib , as palliative therapy to relieve symptoms and improve quality of life . A clinical trial of a new ...

  13. 46 CFR 393.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... relieve landside congestion along coastal corridors.” America's Marine Highway Program consists of four... Corridors will serve as extensions of the surface transportation system. They are commercial coastal, inland... Department, working with the Environmental Protection Agency, will conduct to support America's Marine...

  14. 46 CFR 393.1 - Purpose.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... relieve landside congestion along coastal corridors.” America's Marine Highway Program consists of four... Corridors will serve as extensions of the surface transportation system. They are commercial coastal, inland... Department, working with the Environmental Protection Agency, will conduct to support America's Marine...

  15. 7 CFR 987.112a - Grade, size, and container requirements for each outlet category.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... is in effect. That order, among other things, prohibits the exports to Libya of any goods, technology... donations of articles intended to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, medicine and medical...

  16. 7 CFR 987.112a - Grade, size, and container requirements for each outlet category.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... is in effect. That order, among other things, prohibits the exports to Libya of any goods, technology... donations of articles intended to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, medicine and medical...

  17. 7 CFR 987.112a - Grade, size, and container requirements for each outlet category.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... is in effect. That order, among other things, prohibits the exports to Libya of any goods, technology... donations of articles intended to relieve human suffering, such as food, clothing, medicine and medical...

  18. Thermoplastic Single-Ply Roof Relieves Water Damage and Inconvenience.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Williams, Jennifer Lynn

    2002-01-01

    Assesses use of thermoplastic single-ply roofs by North Carolina's Mars Hill College to prevent leaks, reduce maintenance costs, and enhance the value of their older historic buildings. Administrators comment on the roof's installation efficiency and cleanliness. (GR)

  19. Relieving the Confusion: Location and Access Made (Relatively) Easy

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Jansen, Barbara A.

    2005-01-01

    Students need much assistance if they are to successfully use the Location and Access procedure of problem-solving. Guidelines are presented on how classroom teachers and library media specialists can help elementary students manage this Big6 stage.

  20. Menopause Treatments | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

    MedlinePlus

    ... of this page please turn Javascript on. Feature: Menopause: A Woman's Change of Life Menopause Treatments Past Issues / Spring 2013 Table of Contents ... you should use hormones to help relieve some menopause symptoms. It's hard to know what to do, ...

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