Computational fluid dynamics research at the United Technologies Research Center requiring supercomputers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landgrebe, Anton J.

1987-03-01

An overview of research activities at the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is presented. The requirement and use of various levels of computers, including supercomputers, for the CFD activities is described. Examples of CFD directed toward applications to helicopters, turbomachinery, heat exchangers, and the National Aerospace Plane are included. Helicopter rotor codes for the prediction of rotor and fuselage flow fields and airloads were developed with emphasis on rotor wake modeling. Airflow and airload predictions and comparisons with experimental data are presented. Examples are presented of recent parabolized Navier-Stokes and full Navier-Stokes solutions for hypersonic shock-wave/boundary layer interaction, and hydrogen/air supersonic combustion. In addition, other examples of CFD efforts in turbomachinery Navier-Stokes methodology and separated flow modeling are presented. A brief discussion of the 3-tier scientific computing environment is also presented, in which the researcher has access to workstations, mid-size computers, and supercomputers.

Computational fluid dynamics research at the United Technologies Research Center requiring supercomputers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landgrebe, Anton J.

1987-01-01

An overview of research activities at the United Technologies Research Center (UTRC) in the area of Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is presented. The requirement and use of various levels of computers, including supercomputers, for the CFD activities is described. Examples of CFD directed toward applications to helicopters, turbomachinery, heat exchangers, and the National Aerospace Plane are included. Helicopter rotor codes for the prediction of rotor and fuselage flow fields and airloads were developed with emphasis on rotor wake modeling. Airflow and airload predictions and comparisons with experimental data are presented. Examples are presented of recent parabolized Navier-Stokes and full Navier-Stokes solutions for hypersonic shock-wave/boundary layer interaction, and hydrogen/air supersonic combustion. In addition, other examples of CFD efforts in turbomachinery Navier-Stokes methodology and separated flow modeling are presented. A brief discussion of the 3-tier scientific computing environment is also presented, in which the researcher has access to workstations, mid-size computers, and supercomputers.

Attitudinal Changes of the Student Teacher--A Further Analysis. An Example of an Orthogonal Comparisons Analysis Model Applied to Educational Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Courtney, E. Wayne

This report was designed to present an example of a research study involving the use of coefficients of orthogonal comparisons in analysis of variance tests of significance. A sample research report and analysis was included so as to lead the reader through the design steps. The sample study was designed to determine the extent of attitudinal…

Suppressor Effects in Coping Research with African American Adolescents from Low-Income Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gaylord-Harden, Noni K.; Cunningham, Jamila A.; Holmbeck, Grayson N.; Grant, Kathryn E.

2010-01-01

Objective: The purpose of the current study was to demonstrate the replicable nature of statistical suppressor effects in coping research through 2 examples with African American adolescents from low-income communities. Method: Participants in the 1st example included 497 African American adolescents (mean age = 12.61 years, SD = 0.99; 57% female)…

Alternative Fuels Data Center: States Enact Natural Gas Vehicle and

Science.gov Websites

, conversions, and fueling equipment from their tax liability. Rebates and vouchers are examples of more direct deployment. Recent examples include: Florida's NGV rebates that cover as much as 50% of the incremental cost purchases, research and development projects, or other related activities. For example, the Pennsylvania

Examples of sex/gender sensitivity in epidemiological research: results of an evaluation of original articles published in JECH 2006-2014.

PubMed

Jahn, Ingeborg; Börnhorst, Claudia; Günther, Frauke; Brand, Tilman

2017-02-15

During the last decades, sex and gender biases have been identified in various areas of biomedical and public health research, leading to compromised validity of research findings. As a response, methodological requirements were developed but these are rarely translated into research practice. The aim of this study is to provide good practice examples of sex/gender sensitive health research. We conducted a systematic search of research articles published in JECH between 2006 and 2014. An instrument was constructed to evaluate sex/gender sensitivity in four stages of the research process (background, study design, statistical analysis, discussion). In total, 37 articles covering diverse topics were included. Thereof, 22 were evaluated as good practice example in at least one stage; two articles achieved highest ratings across all stages. Good examples of the background referred to available knowledge on sex/gender differences and sex/gender informed theoretical frameworks. Related to the study design, good examples calculated sample sizes to be able to detect sex/gender differences, selected sex/gender sensitive outcome/exposure indicators, or chose different cut-off values for male and female participants. Good examples of statistical analyses used interaction terms with sex/gender or different shapes of the estimated relationship for men and women. Examples of good discussions interpreted their findings related to social and biological explanatory models or questioned the statistical methods used to detect sex/gender differences. The identified good practice examples may inspire researchers to critically reflect on the relevance of sex/gender issues of their studies and help them to translate methodological recommendations of sex/gender sensitivity into research practice.

Evaluating Research Articles from Start to Finish.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Girden, Ellen R.

This book in intended to train students in reading a research report critically. It uses actual research articles as examples including both good and flawed studies in each category and provides interpretation and evaluation of the appropriateness of the statistical analyses in each study. Individual chapters usually include two sample studies and…

Research at Very High Pressures and High Temperatures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bundy, Francis P.

1977-01-01

Reviews research and apparatus utilized in the study of the states and characteristics of materials at very high temperatures and pressures. Includes three examples of the research being conducted. (SL)

Asking good clinical research questions and choosing the right study design.

PubMed

Bragge, P

2010-07-01

Clinicians and researchers seek answers to clinical research questions, primarily by accessing the results of clinical research studies. This paper moves the focus of research enquiry from getting answers to developing good clinical research questions. Using worked examples, the steps involved in refining questions drawn from various sources to create 'answerable' clinical research questions using the 'PICO' principle are described. Issues to consider in prioritising clinical research questions are also identified. Theoretical and practical considerations involved in choosing the right study design for a clinical research question are then discussed using the worked examples. These include: Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Q&A with Adam Warren | News | NREL

Science.gov Websites

researchers on a number of interesting projects over the years. For example, we were engaged in the Hawaii REopt. And our future investments in REopt will include stochastic models. For example, you can tell it

"Hand in Glove": Using Qualitative Methods to Connect Research and Practice.

PubMed

Harper, Liam D; McCunn, Robert

2017-08-01

Recent work has espoused the idea that in applied sporting environments, "fast"-working practitioners should work together with "slow"-working researchers. However, due to economical and logistical constraints, such a coupling may not always be practical. Therefore, alternative means of combining research and applied practice are needed. A particular methodology that has been used in recent years is qualitative research. Examples of qualitative methods include online surveys, 1-on-1 interviews, and focus groups. This article discusses the merits of using qualitative methods to combine applied practice and research in sport science. This includes a discussion of recent examples of the use of such methods in published journal articles, a critique of the approaches employed, and future directions and recommendations. The authors encourage both practitioners and researchers to use and engage with qualitative research with the ultimate goal of benefiting athlete health and sporting performance.

Needed for Teacher Education: Naturalistic Research that Is Culturally Responsive.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tabachnick, B. Robert

1989-01-01

This article examines some of the advantages and problems in using qualitative (naturalistic) research methods to understand teaching, learning, and schooling. An example of naturalistic research involving first year teachers is included. (IAH)

Fostering International Collaboration in Birth Defects Research and Prevention: A Perspective From the International Clearinghouse for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research

PubMed Central

Botto, Lorenzo D.; Robert-Gnansia, Elisabeth; Siffel, Csaba; Harris, John; Borman, Barry; Mastroiacovo, Pierpaolo

2006-01-01

The International Clearing-house for Birth Defects Surveillance and Research, formerly known as International Clearinghouse of Birth Defects Monitoring Systems, consists of 40 registries worldwide that collaborate in monitoring 40 types of birth defects. Clearinghouse activities include the sharing and joint monitoring of birth defect data, epidemiologic and public health research, and capacity building, with the goal of reducing disease and promoting healthy birth outcomes through primary prevention. We discuss 3 of these activities: the collaborative assessment of the potential teratogenicity of first-trimester use of medications (the MADRE project), an example of the intersection of surveillance and research; the international databases of people with orofacial clefts, an example of the evolution from surveillance to outcome research; and the study of genetic polymorphisms, an example of collaboration in public health genetics. PMID:16571708

7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

7 CFR 3019.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... Research Extension, and Teaching Policy Act of 1977 (as amended by the Food Security Act (7 U.S.C. 3318...

15 CFR 27.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

28 CFR 46.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

16 CFR 1028.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains: (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

28 CFR 46.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

14 CFR 1230.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

14 CFR 1230.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

40 CFR 26.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

15 CFR 27.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

34 CFR 97.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

40 CFR 26.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

34 CFR 97.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... specific responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which...) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2...

CIDR

Science.gov Websites

Related Links & Resources Access and Applications Access Applications Example Applications Project Research and Related (R&R) forms and the SF424 (R&R) Application Guide. Access to the CIDR Program Guidelines Example Applications All applications must include a Data Dictionary of phenotypic measures to be

What Value Can Qualitative Research Add to Quantitative Research Design? An Example From an Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis Trial Feasibility Study.

PubMed

Toye, Francine; Williamson, Esther; Williams, Mark A; Fairbank, Jeremy; Lamb, Sarah E

2016-08-09

Using an example of qualitative research embedded in a non-surgical feasibility trial, we explore the benefits of including qualitative research in trial design and reflect on epistemological challenges. We interviewed 18 trial participants and used methods of Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis. Our findings demonstrate that qualitative research can make a valuable contribution by allowing trial stakeholders to see things from alternative perspectives. Specifically, it can help to make specific recommendations for improved trial design, generate questions which contextualize findings, and also explore disease experience beyond the trial. To make the most out of qualitative research embedded in quantitative design it would be useful to (a) agree specific qualitative study aims that underpin research design, (b) understand the impact of differences in epistemological truth claims, (c) provide clear thematic interpretations for trial researchers to utilize, and (d) include qualitative findings that explore experience beyond the trial setting within the impact plan. © The Author(s) 2016.

77 FR 56365 - Disclosure of Payments by Resource Extraction Issuers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-12

.... S3816 (daily ed. May 17, 2010). Other examples of international transparency efforts include the... certain circumstances.\\41\\ For example, while opposing a general exemption for smaller reporting companies...-Doctoral Research Fellow, Columbia University School of Law (March 2, 2011) (``Maples''), Network for the...

An overview of some monoplanar missile programs

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spearman, M. L.

1984-01-01

A historical review is presented of some monoplanar missile systems in which the vehicle flight control was similar to that for a conventional aircraft. The review is essentially chronological, beginning prior to World War I, and includes worldwise programs. Illustrative examples of aerodynamic research with monoplanar missiles are presented including some comparisons with cruciform missiles. Some examples of current programs are presented and some particular mission applications for monoplanar systems are discussed.

76 FR 9814 - Proposed Collection, Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-22

... examples of research topics that require extensive price data include: The identification of varying price... at the primary-market level. It also is used for market and economic research and as a basis for...

26 CFR 1.446-1 - General rule for methods of accounting.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... also the accounting treatment of any item. Examples of such over-all methods are the cash receipts and... special items include the accounting treatment prescribed for research and experimental expenditures, soil... books of account and on his return, as for example, a reconciliation of any differences between such...

78 FR 28184 - Inviting Applications for Rural Business Opportunity Grants

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-14

... long-term planning that integrates targeted investments in workforce training, infrastructure, research.... Examples of acceptable documentation include: A signed letter from the source of funds stating the amount... CFR 4284.639(d)(2)). You must describe a structural change (for example, the loss of major employer or...

Efficient design of clinical trials and epidemiological research: is it possible?

PubMed

Lauer, Michael S; Gordon, David; Wei, Gina; Pearson, Gail

2017-08-01

Randomized clinical trials and large-scale, cohort studies continue to have a critical role in generating evidence in cardiovascular medicine; however, the increasing concern is that ballooning costs threaten the clinical trial enterprise. In this Perspectives article, we discuss the changing landscape of clinical research, and clinical trials in particular, focusing on reasons for the increasing costs and inefficiencies. These reasons include excessively complex design, overly restrictive inclusion and exclusion criteria, burdensome regulations, excessive source-data verification, and concerns about the effect of clinical research conduct on workflow. Thought leaders have called on the clinical research community to consider alternative, transformative business models, including those models that focus on simplicity and leveraging of digital resources. We present some examples of innovative approaches by which some investigators have successfully conducted large-scale, clinical trials at relatively low cost. These examples include randomized registry trials, cluster-randomized trials, adaptive trials, and trials that are fully embedded within digital clinical care or administrative platforms.

Critiquing Canada's Research Culture: Social, Cultural, and Political Restraints on Women's University Careers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robbins, Wendy J.

2012-01-01

Women are "starkly underrepresented" as researchers worldwide ("The World's Women 2010," 68). In Canada, for example, men hold over three-quarters of full professorships and top research positions. Dozens of interconnected factors restrain women's research careers. These include "upstream" factors, such as gender,…

Deep Water Cooling | Climate Neutral Research Campuses | NREL

Science.gov Websites

the Cornell website. Additional examples of research campus geothermal cooling projects include Deep Water Cooling Deep Water Cooling Research campuses that are located near a deep lake or deep plan for your research campus. Considerations Sample Project Related Links Deep water cooling involves

21 CFR 56.111 - Criteria for IRB approval of research.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... participating in the research). The IRB should not consider possible long-range effects of applying knowledge gained in the research (for example, the possible effects of the research on public policy) as among... included in the study to protect the rights and welfare of these subjects. (c) In order to approve research...

Technology transfer needs and experiences: The NASA Research Center perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gross, Anthony R.

1992-01-01

Viewgraphs on technology transfer needs and experiences - the NASA Research Center perspective are provided. Topics covered include: functions of NASA, incentives and benefits, technology transfer mechanisms, economics of technology commercialization, examples, and conclusions.

45 CFR 46.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration... (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction... subject's environment that are performed for research purposes. Interaction includes communication or...

32 CFR 219.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration... (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction... subject's environment that are performed for research purposes. Interaction includes communication or...

10 CFR 745.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration... (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction... subject's environment that are performed for research purposes. Interaction includes communication or...

45 CFR 46.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration... (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction... subject's environment that are performed for research purposes. Interaction includes communication or...

10 CFR 745.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration... (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction... subject's environment that are performed for research purposes. Interaction includes communication or...

32 CFR 219.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration... (whether professional or student) conducting research obtains (1) Data through intervention or interaction... subject's environment that are performed for research purposes. Interaction includes communication or...

Roundtable on University-Enterprise Cooperation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burquel, Nadine; And Others

1997-01-01

Includes "Introduction" (Nadine Burquel); "University-Enterprise Cooperation: The Last Decade" (Ed Prosser); "University-Enterprise Cooperation in Italy. The Consortium for Research and Continuing Education" (Aldo Cantoni); and "University-Industry Research and Teaching Partnerships. The Warwick Example"…

Teaching Undergraduates to Think Like Scientists

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caccavo, Frank, Jr.

2009-01-01

The author discusses the importance of incorporating research into undergraduate curricula. Pedagogical approaches include faculty-directed research projects, off-campus internships, and research-oriented courses (R-courses). Examples of R-courses are reviewed, and an introductory microbiology course that teaches first year students "how to do…

Special Education Research Advances Knowledge in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaughn, Sharon; Swanson, Elizabeth A.

2015-01-01

Research in special education has yielded beneficial outcomes for students with disabilities as well as typical achieving students. The authors provide examples of the valuable knowledge special education research has generated, including the elements of response to intervention (e.g., screening and progress monitoring), instructional practices…

49 CFR 11.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which are... through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) Identifiable private information...

49 CFR 11.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which are... through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) Identifiable private information...

22 CFR 225.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... responsibility for regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which are... through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) identifiable private information...

10 CFR 961.11 - Text of the contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... program including information on cost projections, project plans and progress reports. 5. (a) Beginning on...-type documents or computer software (including computer programs, computer software data bases, and computer software documentation). Examples of technical data include research and engineering data...

10 CFR 961.11 - Text of the contract.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... program including information on cost projections, project plans and progress reports. 5. (a) Beginning on...-type documents or computer software (including computer programs, computer software data bases, and computer software documentation). Examples of technical data include research and engineering data...

Computer Science and Statistics. Proceedings of the Symposium on the Interface (18th) Held on March 19-21, 1986 in Fort Collins, Colorado.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-08-26

example, expert systems research would benefit examples are the Acute Renal Failure [15] system, the if it could attract statisticians to assist in...research projects including the Acute Renal Failure [15] system, the 6. EXPLAINING COMPLEX REASONING INTERNIST-] [22] system for diagnosis within the...the MEDAS and Acute Renal Failure systems. task at any point in reasoning about a case is constrained to Entropy-discriminate makes use of a measure

77 FR 74592 - Supplemental Determination for Renewable Fuels Produced Under the Final RFS2 Program From Grain...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

... biodiesel and renewable diesel. Regulated categories include: NAICS \\1\\ Examples of potentially regulated... and Research Institute international models as maintained by the Center for Agricultural and Rural... in the model results. For example, since FASOM is a long-term dynamic optimization model, short-term...

Designing Clinical Examples To Promote Pattern Recognition: Nursing Education-Based Research and Practical Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welk, Dorette Sugg

2002-01-01

Sophomore nursing students (n=162) examined scenarios depicting typical and atypical signs of heart attack. Examples were structured to include essential and nonessential symptoms, enabling pattern recognition and improved performance. The method provides a way to prepare students to anticipate and recognize life-threatening situations. (Contains…

Research Library Issues: A Report from ARL, CNI, and SPARC. RLI 283

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baughman, M. Sue, Ed.

2013-01-01

"Research Library Issues" ("RLI") focuses on current and emerging topics that are strategically important to research libraries. The articles explore issues, share information, pose critical questions, and provide examples. This issue includes the following articles: (1) Special at the Core: Aligning, Integrating, and…

Vocabulary Control and the Humanities: A Case Study of the "MLA International Bibliography."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stebelman, Scott

1994-01-01

Discussion of research in the humanities focuses on the "MLA International Bibliography," the primary database for literary research. Highlights include comparisons to research in the sciences; humanities vocabulary; database search techniques; contextual indexing; examples of searches; thesauri; and software. (43 references) (LRW)

Investigating University-School Partnerships

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nath, Janice, Ed.; Guadarrama, Irma N., Ed.; Ramsey, John, Ed.

2011-01-01

Investigating University-School Partnerships: A Volume in Professional Development School Research, the fourth book in the PDS Research Series developed by the same editors, includes a collection of organized papers that represent the best and latest examples of practitioner thinking, research, and program design and evaluation in the field at the…

75 FR 57469 - Guidance on Withdrawal of Subjects From Research: Data Retention and Other Related Issues

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-21

... document includes more examples of social and behavioral research activities in order to emphasize that the... DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES Guidance on Withdrawal of Subjects From Research: Data Retention and Other Related Issues AGENCY: Office for Human Research Protections, Office of the Assistant...

20 Years: Putting It All Together. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the North East Association for Institutional Research (20th, Bolton Landing, New York, November 6-9, 1993).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North East Association for Institutional Research.

This report of the proceedings of a conference on institutional research techniques contains information on the conference and 23 selected papers. Conference information includes the program, a list of steering committee members, and a list of attenders. The following papers are included: (1) "Examples of How Institutional Research Can Help…

Technician's Perspective on an Ever-Changing Research Environment: Catalytic Conversion of Biomass to Fuels

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Thibodeaux, J.; Hensley, J.

2013-01-01

The biomass thermochemical conversion platform at the National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) develops and demonstrates processes for the conversion of biomass to fuels and chemicals including gasification, pyrolysis, syngas clean-up, and catalytic synthesis of alcohol and hydrocarbon fuels. In this talk, I will discuss the challenges of being a technician in this type of research environment, including handling and working with catalytic materials and hazardous chemicals, building systems without being given all of the necessary specifications, pushing the limits of the systems through ever-changing experiments, and achieving two-way communication with engineers and supervisors. I will do this by way ofmore » two examples from recent research. First, I will describe a unique operate-to-failure experiment in the gasification of chicken litter that resulted in the formation of a solid plug in the gasifier, requiring several technicians to chisel the material out. Second, I will compare and contrast bench scale and pilot scale catalyst research, including instances where both are conducted simultaneously from common upstream equipment. By way of example, I hope to illustrate the importance of researchers 1) understanding the technicians' perspective on tasks, 2) openly communicating among all team members, and 3) knowing when to voice opinions. I believe the examples in this talk will highlight the crucial role of a technical staff: skills attained by years of experience to build and operate research and production systems. The talk will also showcase the responsibilities of NREL technicians and highlight some interesting behind-the-scenes work that makes data generation from NREL's thermochemical process development unit possible.« less

Sample size considerations for clinical research studies in nuclear cardiology.

PubMed

Chiuzan, Cody; West, Erin A; Duong, Jimmy; Cheung, Ken Y K; Einstein, Andrew J

2015-12-01

Sample size calculation is an important element of research design that investigators need to consider in the planning stage of the study. Funding agencies and research review panels request a power analysis, for example, to determine the minimum number of subjects needed for an experiment to be informative. Calculating the right sample size is crucial to gaining accurate information and ensures that research resources are used efficiently and ethically. The simple question "How many subjects do I need?" does not always have a simple answer. Before calculating the sample size requirements, a researcher must address several aspects, such as purpose of the research (descriptive or comparative), type of samples (one or more groups), and data being collected (continuous or categorical). In this article, we describe some of the most frequent methods for calculating the sample size with examples from nuclear cardiology research, including for t tests, analysis of variance (ANOVA), non-parametric tests, correlation, Chi-squared tests, and survival analysis. For the ease of implementation, several examples are also illustrated via user-friendly free statistical software.

Collaboratives for Wildlife-Wind Turbine Interaction Research: Fostering Multistakeholder Involvement (Poster)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sinclair, K.

This poster highlights the various wildlife-wind collaboratives (specific to wildlife-wind turbine interaction research) that currently exist. Examples of collaboratives are included along with contact information, objectives, benefits, and ways to advance the knowledge base.

7 CFR 1c.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which are incidentally regulated... through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) Identifiable private information...

7 CFR 1c.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... regulating as a research activity, (for example, Investigational New Drug requirements administered by the Food and Drug Administration). It does not include research activities which are incidentally regulated... through intervention or interaction with the individual, or (2) Identifiable private information...

NASA/NSF Workshop on Antarctic Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Connors, Mary M.

1990-01-01

Viewgraphs that accompanied an Ames Research Center presentation address Ames' currently-supported life sciences activities. These include crew factor issues such as human, automation, and telecommunication systems; strategic behavior and workloads; sleep, fatigue, and circadian rhythms; and virtual reality and spatial instrumentation. The need, background, and examples of pertinent research are provided.

Doing Educational Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opie, Clive

2004-01-01

Developed as a hands-on guide for students engaged in educational research, this book provides an introduction to key qualitative and quantitative methods necessary for those commencing research for the first time. The reader is shown how these methods work and how their outcomes may be interpreted. The book includes: (1) A variety of examples and…

Student Aid Research. A Manual for Financial Aid Administrators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Jerry Sheehan, Ed.

This manual contains nine articles intended to assist student financial aid professionals in conducting research. Initial chapters provide basic information for those starting to do such research while later chapters deal with more complex issues. Some chapters include appendices that provide examples of the techniques under consideration. from…

Earth benefits from NASA research and technology. Life sciences applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

This document provides a representative sampling of examples of Earth benefits in life-sciences-related applications, primarily in the area of medicine and health care, but also in agricultural productivity, environmental monitoring and safety, and the environment. This brochure is not intended as an exhaustive listing, but as an overview to acquaint the reader with the breadth of areas in which the space life sciences have, in one way or another, contributed a unique perspective to the solution of problems on Earth. Most of the examples cited were derived directly from space life sciences research and technology. Some examples resulted from other space technologies, but have found important life sciences applications on Earth. And, finally, we have included several areas in which Earth benefits are anticipated from biomedical and biological research conducted in support of future human exploration missions.

Researchers of Color, Fame, and Impact.

PubMed

Zárate, Michael A; Hall, Gordon Nagayama; Plaut, Victoria C

2017-11-01

Fame and eminence, as traditionally measured, limit the definition of impact to the publication world. We add two types of impact to the traditional measures of fame and eminence. Many of the traditional measures of fame or eminence are based on social-network connections, whereby individuals appoint other people to positions of eminence. Editorial boards are one specific example. Eminence is also limited to number of publications, for example, with little regard for the impact of those publications at the societal level. In addition to the dominant measures of eminence, societal impact broadens the definition of impact to reflect real-world changes. Two examples include mentoring, which is rarely mentioned as a criterion for eminence, and policy value, such as when research influences important public policy. These additions are discussed in reference to the general underrepresentation of researchers of color in academia.

Concept to Reality: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to US Civil Aircraft of the 1990s

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chambers, Joseph R.

2003-01-01

This document is intended to be a companion to NASA SP-2000-4519, 'Partners in Freedom: Contributions of the Langley Research Center to U.S. Military Aircraft of the 1990s'. Material included in the combined set of volumes provides informative and significant examples of the impact of Langley's research on U.S. civil and military aircraft of the 1990s. This volume, 'Concept to Reality: Contributions of the NASA Langley Research Center to U.S. Civil Aircraft of the 1990s', highlights significant Langley contributions to safety, cruise performance, takeoff and landing capabilities, structural integrity, crashworthiness, flight deck technologies, pilot-vehicle interfaces, flight characteristics, stall and spin behavior, computational design methods, and other challenging technical areas for civil aviation. The contents of this volume include descriptions of some of the more important applications of Langley research to current civil fixed-wing aircraft (rotary-wing aircraft are not included), including commercial airliners, business aircraft, and small personal-owner aircraft. In addition to discussions of specific aircraft applications, the document also covers contributions of Langley research to the operation of civil aircraft, which includes operating problems. This document is organized according to disciplinary technologies, for example, aerodynamics, structures, materials, and flight systems. Within each discussion, examples are cited where industry applied Langley technologies to specific aircraft that were in operational service during the 1990s and the early years of the new millennium. This document is intended to serve as a key reference for national policy makers, internal NASA policy makers, Congressional committees, the media, and the general public. Therefore, it has been written for a broad general audience and does not presume any significant technical expertise. An extensive bibliography is provided for technical specialists and others who desire a more indepth discussion of the contributions.

Clinical subtypes of chronic traumatic encephalopathy: literature review and proposed research diagnostic criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome.

PubMed

Montenigro, Philip H; Baugh, Christine M; Daneshvar, Daniel H; Mez, Jesse; Budson, Andrew E; Au, Rhoda; Katz, Douglas I; Cantu, Robert C; Stern, Robert A

2014-01-01

The long-term consequences of repetitive head impacts have been described since the early 20th century. Terms such as punch drunk and dementia pugilistica were first used to describe the clinical syndromes experienced by boxers. A more generic designation, chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE), has been employed since the mid-1900s and has been used in recent years to describe a neurodegenerative disease found not just in boxers but in American football players, other contact sport athletes, military veterans, and others with histories of repetitive brain trauma, including concussions and subconcussive trauma. This article reviews the literature of the clinical manifestations of CTE from 202 published cases. The clinical features include impairments in mood (for example, depression and hopelessness), behavior (for example, explosivity and violence), cognition (for example, impaired memory, executive functioning, attention, and dementia), and, less commonly, motor functioning (for example, parkinsonism, ataxia, and dysarthria). We present proposed research criteria for traumatic encephalopathy syndrome (TES) which consist of four variants or subtypes (TES behavioral/mood variant, TES cognitive variant, TES mixed variant, and TES dementia) as well as classifications of 'probable CTE' and 'possible CTE'. These proposed criteria are expected to be modified and updated as new research findings become available. They are not meant to be used for a clinical diagnosis. Rather, they should be viewed as research criteria that can be employed in studies of the underlying causes, risk factors, differential diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of CTE and related disorders.

Guidance for using mixed methods design in nursing practice research.

PubMed

Chiang-Hanisko, Lenny; Newman, David; Dyess, Susan; Piyakong, Duangporn; Liehr, Patricia

2016-08-01

The mixed methods approach purposefully combines both quantitative and qualitative techniques, enabling a multi-faceted understanding of nursing phenomena. The purpose of this article is to introduce three mixed methods designs (parallel; sequential; conversion) and highlight interpretive processes that occur with the synthesis of qualitative and quantitative findings. Real world examples of research studies conducted by the authors will demonstrate the processes leading to the merger of data. The examples include: research questions; data collection procedures and analysis with a focus on synthesizing findings. Based on experience with mixed methods studied, the authors introduce two synthesis patterns (complementary; contrasting), considering application for practice and implications for research. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Misinformation in eating disorder communications: Implications for science communication policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radford, Benjamin

Though eating disorders are a serious public health threat, misinformation about these potentially deadly diseases is widespread. This study examines eating disorder information from a wide variety of sources including medical journals, news reports, and popular social activist authors. Examples of misinformation were identified, and three aspects of eating disorders (prevalence, mortality, and etiology) were chosen as key indicators of scientific illiteracy about those illnesses. A case study approach was then adopted to trace examples of misinformation to their original sources whenever possible. A dozen examples include best-selling books, national eating disorder information clearinghouses; the news media; documentary feature films; and a PBS television Nova documentary program. The results provide an overview of the ways in which valid information becomes flawed, including poor journalism, lack of fact-checking, plagiarism, and typographical errors. Less obvious---and perhaps even more important---much of the misinformation results from scientific research being co-opted to promote specific sociopolitical agendas. These results highlight a significant gap in science communication between researchers, the medical community, and the public regarding these diseases, and recommendations to address the problem are offered.

A compendium of computational fluid dynamics at the Langley Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Through numerous summary examples, the scope and general nature of the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) effort at Langley is identified. These summaries will help inform researchers in CFD and line management at Langley of the overall effort. In addition to the inhouse efforts, out of house CFD work supported by Langley through industrial contracts and university grants are included. Researchers were encouraged to include summaries of work in preliminary and tentative states of development as well as current research approaching definitive results.

A Multi-Disciplinary University Research Initiative in Hard and Soft Information Fusion: Overview, Research Strategies and Initial Results

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-07-01

Multisource Information Fusion ( CMIF ) along with a team including the Pennsylvania State University (PSU), Iona College (Iona), and Tennessee State...License. 14. ABSTRACT The University at Buffalo (UB) Center for Multisource Information Fusion ( CMIF ) along with a team including the Pennsylvania...of CMIF current research on methods for Test and Evaluation ([7], [8]) involving for example large- factor-space experimental design techniques ([9

Acoustics Division recent accomplishments and research plans

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, L. R.; Morgan, H. G.

1986-01-01

The research program currently being implemented by the Acoustics Division of NASA Langley Research Center is described. The scope, focus, and thrusts of the research are discussed and illustrated for each technical area by examples of recent technical accomplishments. Included is a list of publications for the last two calendar years. The organization, staff, and facilities are also briefly described.

Welcome to Our World: Bridging Youth Development Research in Nonprofit and Academic Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bialeschki, M. Deborah; Conn, Michael

2011-01-01

This commentary discusses the emergence of youth development research and evaluation in the nonprofit arena over the past 10 to 15 years. Included in this discussion is the establishment of the context for youth development research in nonprofits, a brief description of key examples of research from three youth nonprofits that illustrate the…

Violence in the Schools: Programs and Policies for Prevention. A Report from the Canadian Education Association.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacDougall, Jyl

This publication offers some insight into the problem of violence in Canadian schools and provides examples of ways to reduce it. The forms of violent activities examined include youth/youth-gang violence, violence against teachers, bullying, sexual harassment, and sexual assault. Each chapter presents research findings and examples of programs…

29 CFR 2520.104-20 - Limited exemption for certain small welfare plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... from employee benefit plans for research and analysis (section 513). (d) Examples. (1) A welfare plan... administrator of an employee benefit plan from any other requirement of title I of the Act, including the... and maintained in the same way as the plan described in example (1), except that a trade association...

29 CFR 2520.104-20 - Limited exemption for certain small welfare plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... from employee benefit plans for research and analysis (section 513). (d) Examples. (1) A welfare plan... administrator of an employee benefit plan from any other requirement of title I of the Act, including the... and maintained in the same way as the plan described in example (1), except that a trade association...

Application of Interactive Multimedia Tools in Teaching Mathematics--Examples of Lessons from Geometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milovanovic, Marina; Obradovic, Jasmina; Milajic, Aleksandar

2013-01-01

This article presents the benefits and importance of using multimedia in the math classes by the selected examples of multimedia lessons from geometry (isometric transformations and regular polyhedra). The research included two groups of 50 first year students of the Faculty of the Architecture and the Faculty of Civil Construction Management.…

Proceedings of the National Conference on Undergraduate Research (11th, Austin, Texas, April 24-26, 1997). Volumes I-V.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yearout, Robert D., Ed.

This set of proceedings documents includes 407 papers representative of the 1,825 papers and posters presented at a conference on undergraduate research. Volume I contains papers on the arts and humanities. Examples of topics include collaborative art, music composition using computer technology, interpreting Roman morality, gay marriage, and…

Storylines as an alternative method to communicate river research via a knowledge platform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cortes Arevalo, Juliette; Verbrugge, Laura N. H.; den Haan, Robert Jan; Baart, Fedor; Hulscher, Suzanne J. M. H.; van der Voort, Mascha C.

2017-04-01

Sustainable river management relies on diverse and multi-faceted knowledge from fundamental and applied research. Communicating the context, added value and potential use of river research to actors working in multiple disciplines or organizations is challenging. RiverCare is a research programme studying the mid-term effects of innovative river interventions in the Netherlands. Effective communication between researchers and potential users of scientific information, such as water professionals, requires an interactive, two-way communication approach. As part of the communication strategy, we are designing a knowledge platform to provide access to, explain and gather feedback about the potential use of results from water professionals. The knowledge platform is a combination of online services including: a content management system in which storylines are the main component; a data repository to the underlying research data and; hyperlinks to existing online sites that present our results via short news articles. Storylines engage water professionals via experiences or stories of river management actors to explain research outputs instead of or in addition to more technical means such as scientific papers and reports. The use of storylines enables us to explain research outcomes in a way that is captivating and easily understood by a multi-disciplinary audience. To explore its usefulness as communication approach, we developed a storyline example for research about stakeholder perceptions of a re-landscaping intervention in the Waal river in the Netherlands. The storyline's layout consisted of a menu outline and three tabs: (1) storyline's content; (2) contact details; and (3) links to available resources or related publications. The storyline's content was divided in four sections including subsections to navigate. Each section had a heading statement or question to engage users: "Imagine this!"; "What matters? Places matter to people"; "Surveying people's perceptions"; and "How these insight help us?". Along the story, users can explore related links and available results presented in the form of interactive quotes and charts. The storyline example was discussed in a workshop with potential users to identify needs for improvement. Participants acknowledged its potential usefulness for water professionals abroad; applicability to other research topics; and options to provide contact details. Participants also appreciated the nice layout and interactive elements, such as interactive quotes and charts. However, more emphasis should be given on explaining why the research was done and how the results can be useful for the users. The added value of storylines and the navigation along the example was not always clear to water professionals and researchers and should be clarified. As presented in this study, the storyline example was a stand-alone component in a browser. To improve the user interaction, next storyline prototypes will be embedded into the knowledge platform to clarify its navigation and to link the specific example as part of the research outcomes of the RiverCare project. Future storyline prototypes will also include a feedback form to collect comments from water professionals and a glossary of terms to further clarify terms that were simplified in the storyline example.

Characteristics Desired in Clinical Data Warehouse for Biomedical Research

PubMed Central

Shin, Soo-Yong; Kim, Woo Sung

2014-01-01

Objectives Due to the unique characteristics of clinical data, clinical data warehouses (CDWs) have not been successful so far. Specifically, the use of CDWs for biomedical research has been relatively unsuccessful thus far. The characteristics necessary for the successful implementation and operation of a CDW for biomedical research have not clearly defined yet. Methods Three examples of CDWs were reviewed: a multipurpose CDW in a hospital, a CDW for independent multi-institutional research, and a CDW for research use in an institution. After reviewing the three CDW examples, we propose some key characteristics needed in a CDW for biomedical research. Results A CDW for research should include an honest broker system and an Institutional Review Board approval interface to comply with governmental regulations. It should also include a simple query interface, an anonymized data review tool, and a data extraction tool. Also, it should be a biomedical research platform for data repository use as well as data analysis. Conclusions The proposed characteristics desired in a CDW may have limited transfer value to organizations in other countries. However, these analysis results are still valid in Korea, and we have developed clinical research data warehouse based on these desiderata. PMID:24872909

[Thirty years of US long-term ecological research: characteristics, results, and lessons learned of--taking the Virginia Coast Reserve as an example].

PubMed

Zhu, Gao-Ru; Porter, John H; Xu, Xue-Gong

2011-06-01

In order to observe and understand long-term and large-scale ecological changes, the US National Science Foundation initiated a Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program in 1980. Over the past 30 years, the US LTER program has achieved advances in ecological and social science research, and in the development of site-based research infrastructure. This paper attributed the success of the program to five characteristics, i.e., 1) consistency of research topics and data across the network, 2) long-term time scale of both the research and the program, 3) flexibility in research content and funding procedures, 4) growth of LTER to include international partners, new disciplines such as social science, advanced research methods, and cooperation among sites, and 5) sharing of data and educational resources. The Virginia Coast Reserve LTER site was taken as an example to illustrate how the US LTER works at site level. Some suggestions were made on the China long-term ecological research, including strengthening institution construction, improving network and inter-site cooperation, emphasizing data quality, management, and sharing, reinforcing multidisciplinary cooperation, and expanding public influence.

The University: Marketing Theories, Not Toothpaste.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krimsky, Sheldon

1982-01-01

Using genetic engineering as an example, issues related to functions of universities/industry and scientific research are discussed. A research agreement between MIT and Exxon Corporation (on combustion science) is outlined, addressing issues related to such agreements (including patents/patent ownership and publications). Suggests future…

14 CFR 1260.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt... include research grants, training grants, facilities grants, educational grants, and cooperative... property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a non-profit institution of higher...

45 CFR 94.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... affect the design, conduct, or reporting of PHS-funded research. FCOI report means an Institution's... (excluding a Federal agency) that submits a proposal, or that receives, PHS research funding. Institutional... by the Institution in its policy on financial conflicts of interest, which may include for example...

45 CFR 94.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... affect the design, conduct, or reporting of PHS-funded research. FCOI report means an Institution's... (excluding a Federal agency) that submits a proposal, or that receives, PHS research funding. Institutional... by the Institution in its policy on financial conflicts of interest, which may include for example...

45 CFR 94.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... affect the design, conduct, or reporting of PHS-funded research. FCOI report means an Institution's... (excluding a Federal agency) that submits a proposal, or that receives, PHS research funding. Institutional... by the Institution in its policy on financial conflicts of interest, which may include for example...

45 CFR 94.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... affect the design, conduct, or reporting of PHS-funded research. FCOI report means an Institution's... (excluding a Federal agency) that submits a proposal, or that receives, PHS research funding. Institutional... by the Institution in its policy on financial conflicts of interest, which may include for example...

14 CFR 1260.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt... include research grants, training grants, facilities grants, educational grants, and cooperative... property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a non-profit institution of higher...

14 CFR 1260.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt... include research grants, training grants, facilities grants, educational grants, and cooperative... property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a non-profit institution of higher...

14 CFR 1260.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt... include research grants, training grants, facilities grants, educational grants, and cooperative... property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a non-profit institution of higher...

Non-financial conflicts of interests in psychiatric research and practice.

PubMed

Maj, Mario

2008-08-01

Not all conflicts of interests affecting psychiatry are financial in nature. Our field is vulnerable to some varieties of nonfinancial conflicts of interests. Examples include the possible conflict between a researcher's allegiance to a school of thought and the integrity of psychotherapy research, or between a psychiatrist's political commitment and patients' welfare.

Biotechnology Process Engineering Center at MIT Home

Science.gov Websites

has provided a focal point for biotechnology research and education at MIT. Prominent examples include to be one of the most crucial interdisciplinary research centers connected to BE; a significant and providing support for research and education at the nexus of biology, engineering, and materials

Extending New Paradigm Childhood Research: Meeting the Challenges of Including Younger Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Darbyshire, Philip; Schiller, Wendy; MacDougall, Colin

2005-01-01

This special issue of "Early Child Development and Care" focuses on the issues involved in researching the views and experiences of young children. Challenging issues need to be addressed. For example, what constitutes ethical questioning of children? What are young children's rights as research respondents? What is meaningful 'informed consent'…

Identifying and Researching Market Opportunities for New High Technology Products.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dunstan, Peter

Using a product called the synchro-pulse welder as a case study example, this paper discusses the activities of CSIRO (Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation) in identifying and marketing new high-technology products. A general discussion of CSIRO's market research plans includes two goals to be attained within the next 5…

Research Library Issues: A Report from ARL, CNI, and SPARC. Special Issue on Copyright. RLI 285

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baughman, M. Sue, Ed.

2015-01-01

"Research Library Issues" ("RLI") focuses on current and emerging topics that are strategically important to research libraries. The articles explore issues, share information, pose critical questions, and provide examples. This issue includes the following articles: (1) Special Issue on Copyright (Prudence S. Adler); (2) Fair…

An introduction to high speed aircraft noise prediction

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilson, Mark R.

1992-01-01

The Aircraft Noise Prediction Program's High Speed Research prediction system (ANOPP-HSR) is introduced. This mini-manual is an introduction which gives a brief overview of the ANOPP system and the components of the HSR prediction method. ANOPP information resources are given. Twelve of the most common ANOPP-HSR control statements are described. Each control statement's purpose and format are stated and relevant examples are provided. More detailed examples of the use of the control statements are presented in the manual along with ten ANOPP-HSR templates. The purpose of the templates is to provide the user with working ANOPP-HSR programs which can be modified to serve particular prediction requirements. Also included in this manual is a brief discussion of common errors and how to solve these problems. The appendices include the following useful information: a summary of all ANOPP-HSR functional research modules, a data unit directory, a discussion of one of the more complex control statements, and input data unit and table examples.

Instructional Simulation Integrates Research, Education, and Practice.

PubMed

Teasdale, Thomas A; Mapes, Sheryl A; Henley, Omolara; Lindsey, Jeanene; Dillard, Della

2016-01-01

Instructional simulation is widely used in clinical education. Examples include the use of inanimate models meant to imitate humans, standardized patients who are actors portraying patients with certain conditions, and role-play where learners experience the disease through props and circumstances. These modalities are briefly described, and then case examples are provided of simulation curricula in use that integrate research findings and clinical practice expertise to guide development and implementation steps. The cases illustrate how formative and summative feedback from two legs of the "three-legged stool" can be potent integrating forces in development of simulation curricula. In these examples, the educational outputs benefit from purposeful inclusion of research and practice inputs. Costs are outlined for instructor and learner time commitments, space considerations, and expendables. The authors' data and experience suggest that instructional simulation that is supported by a solid scientific base and clinical expertise is appreciated by teachers and learners.

28 CFR Appendix to Part 20 - Commentary on Selected Sections of the Regulations on Criminal History Record Information Systems

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., nor any recipient of assistance under the provisions of this title shall use or reveal any research or... would include, for example, the Office of Investigation of the Food and Drug Administration, which has.... The specific dispositions listed in this subsection are examples only and are not to be construed as...

28 CFR Appendix to Part 20 - Commentary on Selected Sections of the Regulations on Criminal History Record Information Systems

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., nor any recipient of assistance under the provisions of this title shall use or reveal any research or... would include, for example, the Office of Investigation of the Food and Drug Administration, which has.... The specific dispositions listed in this subsection are examples only and are not to be construed as...

28 CFR Appendix to Part 20 - Commentary on Selected Sections of the Regulations on Criminal History Record Information Systems

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., nor any recipient of assistance under the provisions of this title shall use or reveal any research or... would include, for example, the Office of Investigation of the Food and Drug Administration, which has.... The specific dispositions listed in this subsection are examples only and are not to be construed as...

28 CFR Appendix to Part 20 - Commentary on Selected Sections of the Regulations on Criminal History Record Information Systems

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., nor any recipient of assistance under the provisions of this title shall use or reveal any research or... would include, for example, the Office of Investigation of the Food and Drug Administration, which has.... The specific dispositions listed in this subsection are examples only and are not to be construed as...

28 CFR Appendix to Part 20 - Commentary on Selected Sections of the Regulations on Criminal History Record Information Systems

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., nor any recipient of assistance under the provisions of this title shall use or reveal any research or... would include, for example, the Office of Investigation of the Food and Drug Administration, which has.... The specific dispositions listed in this subsection are examples only and are not to be construed as...

IMPACCT Kids’ Care: a real-world example of stakeholder involvement in comparative effectiveness research

PubMed Central

Likumahuwa-Ackman, Sonja; Angier, Heather; Sumic, Aleksandra; Harding, Rose L; Cottrell, Erika K; Cohen, Deborah J; Nelson, Christine A; Burdick, Timothy E; Wallace, Lorraine S; Gallia, Charles; DeVoe, Jennifer E

2015-01-01

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute has accelerated conversations about the importance of actively engaging stakeholders in all aspects of comparative effectiveness research (CER). Other scientific disciplines have a history of stakeholder engagement, yet few empirical examples exist of how these stakeholders can inform and enrich CER. Here we present a case study which includes the methods used to engage stakeholders, what we learned from them, and how we incorporated their ideas in a CER project. We selected stakeholders from key groups, built relationships with them and collected their feedback through interviews, observation and ongoing meetings during the four research process phases: proposal development, adapting study methods, understanding the context and information technology tool design and refinement. PMID:26274796

IMPACCT Kids' Care: a real-world example of stakeholder involvement in comparative effectiveness research.

PubMed

Likumahuwa-Ackman, Sonja; Angier, Heather; Sumic, Aleksandra; Harding, Rose L; Cottrell, Erika K; Cohen, Deborah J; Nelson, Christine A; Burdick, Timothy E; Wallace, Lorraine S; Gallia, Charles; DeVoe, Jennifer E

2015-08-01

The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute has accelerated conversations about the importance of actively engaging stakeholders in all aspects of comparative effectiveness research (CER). Other scientific disciplines have a history of stakeholder engagement, yet few empirical examples exist of how these stakeholders can inform and enrich CER. Here we present a case study which includes the methods used to engage stakeholders, what we learned from them, and how we incorporated their ideas in a CER project. We selected stakeholders from key groups, built relationships with them and collected their feedback through interviews, observation and ongoing meetings during the four research process phases: proposal development, adapting study methods, understanding the context and information technology tool design and refinement.

40 CFR 63.6675 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers”, EMC Conditional Test Protocol 30 (CTM-30), Gas Research... emergency situation. Examples include stationary RICE used to produce power for critical networks or... institutional establishments such as medical centers, nursing homes, research centers, institutions of higher...

40 CFR 63.6675 - What definitions apply to this subpart?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., and Process Heaters Using Portable Analyzers”, EMC Conditional Test Protocol 30 (CTM-30), Gas Research... emergency situation. Examples include stationary RICE used to produce power for critical networks or... institutional establishments such as medical centers, nursing homes, research centers, institutions of higher...

29 CFR 70.38 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

....38 Definitions. The following definitions apply to this subpart: (a) Request, in this subpart... costs include, for example, the salary of the Federal employee performing work (the basic rate of pay... research. To qualify under this definition, the program of scholarly research in connection with which the...

14 CFR § 1260.102 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of... purpose. Awards include research grants, training grants, facilities grants, educational grants, and...) for property acquired under an award to conduct basic or applied research by a non-profit institution...

2 CFR Appendix B to Part 225 - Selected Items of Cost

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... involved. Compensation surveys providing data representative of the labor market involved will be an...) “Special purpose equipment” means equipment which is used only for research, medical, scientific, or other... research, medical, scientific or other technical activities. Examples include office equipment and...

2 CFR Appendix B to Part 225 - Selected Items of Cost

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... involved. Compensation surveys providing data representative of the labor market involved will be an...) “Special purpose equipment” means equipment which is used only for research, medical, scientific, or other... research, medical, scientific or other technical activities. Examples include office equipment and...

2 CFR Appendix B to Part 225 - Selected Items of Cost

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... involved. Compensation surveys providing data representative of the labor market involved will be an...) “Special purpose equipment” means equipment which is used only for research, medical, scientific, or other... research, medical, scientific or other technical activities. Examples include office equipment and...

Linking sensory biology and fisheries bycatch reduction in elasmobranch fishes: a review with new directions for research

PubMed Central

Jordan, Laura K.; Mandelman, John W.; McComb, D. Michelle; Fordham, Sonja V.; Carlson, John K.; Werner, Timothy B.

2013-01-01

Incidental capture, or bycatch, in fisheries represents a substantial threat to the sustainability of elasmobranch populations worldwide. Consequently, researchers are increasingly investigating elasmobranch bycatch reduction methods, including some focused on these species' sensory capabilities, particularly their electrosensory systems. To guide this research, we review current knowledge of elasmobranch sensory biology and feeding ecology with respect to fishing gear interactions and include examples of bycatch reduction methods used for elasmobranchs as well as other taxonomic groups. We discuss potential elasmobranch bycatch reduction strategies for various fishing gear types based on the morphological, physiological, and behavioural characteristics of species within this diverse group. In select examples, we indicate how an understanding of the physiology and sensory biology of vulnerable, bycatch-prone, non-target elasmobranch species can help in the identification of promising options for bycatch reduction. We encourage collaboration among researchers studying bycatch reduction across taxa to provide better understanding of the broad effects of bycatch reduction methods. PMID:27293586

Inventory of research methods for librarianship and informatics.

PubMed

Eldredge, Jonathan D

2004-01-01

This article defines and describes the rich variety of research designs found in librarianship and informatics practice. Familiarity with the range of methods and the ability to make distinctions between those specific methods can enable authors to label their research reports correctly. The author has compiled an inventory of methods from a variety of disciplines, but with attention to the relevant applications of a methodology to the field of librarianship. Each entry in the inventory includes a definition and description for the particular research method. Some entries include references to resource material and examples.

Researching Literacy in Context: Using Video Analysis to Explore School Literacies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blikstad-Balas, Marte; Sørvik, Gard Ove

2015-01-01

This article addresses how methodological approaches relying on video can be included in literacy research to capture changing literacies. In addition to arguing why literacy is best studied in context, we provide empirical examples of how small, head-mounted video cameras have been used in two different research projects that share a common aim:…

Environmental Information Resources and Electronic Research Systems (ERSs): Eco-Link as an Example of Future Tools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiskel, Timothy C.

1991-01-01

An online system designed to help global environmental research, the electronic research system called Eco-Link draws data from various electronic sources including online catalogs and databases, CD-ROMs, electronic news sources, and electronic data subscription services to produce briefing booklets on environmental issues. It can be accessed by…

38 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

40 CFR 30.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

38 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

38 CFR 49.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

2 CFR 215.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

40 CFR 30.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

Mixed Methods Sampling: A Typology with Examples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Teddlie, Charles; Yu, Fen

2007-01-01

This article presents a discussion of mixed methods (MM) sampling techniques. MM sampling involves combining well-established qualitative and quantitative techniques in creative ways to answer research questions posed by MM research designs. Several issues germane to MM sampling are presented including the differences between probability and…

38 CFR 1.555 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to respond to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request. Direct costs include, for example, the... vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research. To determine whether a... from the nature of the request that it serves a scholarly research goal of the institution, rather than...

38 CFR 1.555 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to respond to a Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) request. Direct costs include, for example, the... vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research. To determine whether a... from the nature of the request that it serves a scholarly research goal of the institution, rather than...

36 CFR 902.82 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... respond to an FOIA request. Direct costs include, for example, the salary of the employee performing work... programs of scholarly research. (5) Non-commercial scientific institution means an institution that is not... solely for the purpose of conducting scientific research, the results of which are not intended to...

46 CFR 503.50 - Fees for services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., which operates a program or programs of scholarly research. (6) Non-commercial scientific institution... research the results of which are not intended to promote any particular product or industry. (7... events or that would be of current interest to the public. Examples of news media entities include...

46 CFR 503.43 - Fees for services.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., which operates a program or programs of scholarly research. (6) Non-commercial scientific institution... research the results of which are not intended to promote any particular product or industry. (7... events or that would be of current interest to the public. Examples of news media entities include...

Psychology and Didactics of Mathematics in France--An Overview.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vergnaud, Gerard

1983-01-01

Examples are given of the variety of mathematical concepts and problems being studied by psychologically oriented researchers in France. Work on decimals, circles, natural numbers, decimal and real numbers, and didactic transposition are included. Comments on designing research on mathematics concept formation conclude the article. (MNS)

Susceptibility Testing

MedlinePlus

... the drugs usually used to treat them. Some examples include staphylococci ("staph") and Pseudomonas aeruginosa . Sometimes there ... susceptibility testing techniques is an active area of research. As the FDA approves more of these rapid ...

Chromogranin A

MedlinePlus

... a variety of tumors, both benign and malignant . Examples include carcinoid tumors, insulinomas , small cell lung cancers, ... Detailed Guide Cancer.Net: Carcinoid Tumors Neuroendocrine Tumor Research Foundation The Carcinoid Cancer Foundation American Cancer Society: ...

Supercalculators and the Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shumway, Richard

1990-01-01

Discussed are supercalculator capabilities and possible teaching implications. Included are six examples that use a supercalculator for topics that include volume, graphing, algebra, polynomials, matrices, and elementary calculus. A short review of the research on supercomputers in education and the impact they could have on the curriculum is…

36 CFR 1210.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and Cooperative Agreement Act (31 U...

41 CFR 105-72.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

41 CFR 105-72.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

41 CFR 105-72.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also includes activities... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

BACTERIAL MORTALITY DUE TO SOLAR RADIATION, COMPARING EXPERIMENTAL AND STATISTICAL EVIDENCE

EPA Science Inventory

Many researchers report that sunlight is a primary stressor of beach indicator bacteria. Some water quality models include code that quantifies the effect of radiation on bacterial decay. For example, the EPA Visual Plumes model includes two coliform and one enterococcus submodel...

Opportunities at the Intersection of Bioinformatics and Health Informatics

PubMed Central

Miller, Perry L.

2000-01-01

This paper provides a “viewpoint discussion” based on a presentation made to the 2000 Symposium of the American College of Medical Informatics. It discusses potential opportunities for researchers in health informatics to become involved in the rapidly growing field of bioinformatics, using the activities of the Yale Center for Medical Informatics as a case study. One set of opportunities occurs where bioinformatics research itself intersects with the clinical world. Examples include the correlations between individual genetic variation with clinical risk factors, disease presentation, and differential response to treatment; and the implications of including genetic test results in the patient record, which raises clinical decision support issues as well as legal and ethical issues. A second set of opportunities occurs where bioinformatics research can benefit from the technologic expertise and approaches that informaticians have used extensively in the clinical arena. Examples include database organization and knowledge representation, data mining, and modeling and simulation. Microarray technology is discussed as a specific potential area for collaboration. Related questions concern how best to establish collaborations with bioscientists so that the interests and needs of both sets of researchers can be met in a synergistic fashion, and the most appropriate home for bioinformatics in an academic medical center. PMID:10984461

NAS: The first year

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bailey, F. R.; Kutler, Paul

1988-01-01

Discussed are the capabilities of NASA's Numerical Aerodynamic Simulation (NAS) Program and its application as an advanced supercomputing system for computational fluid dynamics (CFD) research. First, the paper describes the NAS computational system, called the NAS Processing System Network, and the advanced computational capabilities it offers as a consequence of carrying out the NAS pathfinder objective. Second, it presents examples of pioneering CFD research accomplished during NAS's first operational year. Examples are included which illustrate CFD applications for predicting fluid phenomena, complementing and supplementing experimentation, and aiding in design. Finally, pacing elements and future directions for CFD and NAS are discussed.

Journalism in the "Post-Factual Age".

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ettema, James S.

1987-01-01

Discusses current themes in communication research. Claims that this research offers an increasingly sophisticated view of journalism as a reflection not of an objective reality, but of political-economic power and sociocultural conflict. Includes an example of an imaginary symposium and a strategy for reframing the journalistic quest for truth.…

77 FR 16819 - Applications for New Awards; Personnel Development To Improve Services and Results for Children...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

... research and experience, to be successful in serving those children. Priorities: In accordance with 34 CFR... with disabilities. They also conduct research to increase the knowledge of effective interventions and... preparation program but can include, for example, skills needed for postsecondary instruction, administration...

Research to Real Life: Innovations in Deaf-Blindness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leslie, Gail, Ed.

This publication presents examples of research findings that are being put to practice to improve educational services to children with deaf-blindness. Each program description includes photographs and a highlight of key practices. Individual selections are: (1) "Early Intervention: Beginning with Babies" (Deborah Chen), which describes a project…

Biotechnology Process Engineering Center at MIT - Overview

Science.gov Websites

laboratories. Biotechnology-related research in the labs of over 15 faculty members in the Biological 60,000 square feet for biotechnology-related engineering research. This centralization and consolidation wider array of equipment and facilities available in other MIT labs and Centers. Some examples include

32 CFR 1662.6 - Fee schedule; waiver of fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

...) documents to respond to a FOIA request. Direct costs include, for example, the salary of the employee... institution of vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research. (7) The term... the purpose of conducting scientific research the results of which are not intended to promote any...

Advancing mangrove macroecology

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Osland, Michael J.; Day, John W.; Ray, Santanu; Rovai, Andre S.; Day, Richard H.; Mukherjee, Joyita; Rivera-Monroy, Victor H.; Lee, Shing Yip; Kristensen, Erik; Twilley, Robert R.

2017-01-01

Mangrove forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services to society, yet they are among the most anthropogenically impacted coastal ecosystems in the world. In this chapter, we discuss and provide examples for how macroecology can advance our understanding of mangrove ecosystems. Macroecology is broadly defined as a discipline that uses statistical analyses to investigate large-scale, universal patterns in the distribution, abundance, diversity, and organization of species and ecosystems, including the scaling of ecological processes and structural and functional relationships. Macroecological methods can be used to advance our understanding of how non-linear responses in natural systems can be triggered by human impacts at local, regional, and global scales. Although macroecology has the potential to gain knowledge on universal patterns and processes that govern mangrove ecosystems, the application of macroecological methods to mangroves has historically been limited by constraints in data quality and availability. Here we provide examples that include evaluations of the variation in mangrove forest ecosystem structure and function in relation to macroclimatic drivers (e.g., temperature and rainfall regimes) and climate change. Additional examples include work focused upon the continental distribution of aboveground net primary productivity and carbon storage, which are rapidly advancing research areas. These examples demonstrate the value of a macroecological perspective for the understanding of global- and regional-scale effects of both changing environmental conditions and management actions on ecosystem structure, function, and the supply of goods and services. We also present current trends in mangrove modeling approaches and their potential utility to test hypotheses about mangrove structural and functional properties. Given the gap in relevant experimental work at the regional scale, we also discuss the potential use of mangrove restoration and rehabilitation projects as macroecological studies that advance the critical selection and conservation of ecosystem services when managing mangrove resources. Future work to further incorporate macroecology into mangrove research will require a concerted effort by research groups and institutions to launch research initiatives and synthesize data collected across broad biogeographic regions.

Approaches to sampling and case selection in qualitative research: examples in the geography of health.

PubMed

Curtis, S; Gesler, W; Smith, G; Washburn, S

2000-04-01

This paper focuses on the question of sampling (or selection of cases) in qualitative research. Although the literature includes some very useful discussions of qualitative sampling strategies, the question of sampling often seems to receive less attention in methodological discussion than questions of how data is collected or is analysed. Decisions about sampling are likely to be important in many qualitative studies (although it may not be an issue in some research). There are varying accounts of the principles applicable to sampling or case selection. Those who espouse 'theoretical sampling', based on a 'grounded theory' approach, are in some ways opposed to those who promote forms of 'purposive sampling' suitable for research informed by an existing body of social theory. Diversity also results from the many different methods for drawing purposive samples which are applicable to qualitative research. We explore the value of a framework suggested by Miles and Huberman [Miles, M., Huberman,, A., 1994. Qualitative Data Analysis, Sage, London.], to evaluate the sampling strategies employed in three examples of research by the authors. Our examples comprise three studies which respectively involve selection of: 'healing places'; rural places which incorporated national anti-malarial policies; young male interviewees, identified as either chronically ill or disabled. The examples are used to show how in these three studies the (sometimes conflicting) requirements of the different criteria were resolved, as well as the potential and constraints placed on the research by the selection decisions which were made. We also consider how far the criteria Miles and Huberman suggest seem helpful for planning 'sample' selection in qualitative research.

Reporting What Readers Need to Know about Education Research Measures: A Guide. REL 2014-064

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boller, Kimberly; Kisker, Ellen Eliason

2014-01-01

This guide is designed to help researchers make sure that their research reports include enough information about study measures so that readers can assess the quality of the study's methods and results. The guide also provides examples of write-ups about measures and suggests resources for learning more about these topics. The guide assumes…

Midwest Research-to-Practice Annual Conference in Adult Continuing and Community Education. Conference Proceedings (11th, Manhattan, Kansas, October 8-9, 1992).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kansas State Univ., Manhattan. Coll. of Education.

A conference on research to practice in adult, continuing and community education included the following papers: "Education as a Community Intervention Strategy" (Ashcraft, Andrews); "Assessing Educational Needs of Adults: An Ohio Extension Example" (Bratkovich, Miller); "Questions and Issues Related to a Lack of Multicultural Research in Adult…

This Is Not an Article: A Reflection on Creative Research Dialogues (This Is Not a Seminar)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adams, Lyndall; Kueh, Christopher; Newman-Storen, Renee; Ryan, John

2015-01-01

This is Not a Seminar (TINAS) is a multidisciplinary forum established in 2012 at Edith Cowan University (ECU) in Australia to support practice-led and practice-based Higher Degree by Research students. The Faculty of Education and Arts at ECU includes cohorts of postgraduate research students in, for example, performance, design, writing and…

77 FR 1073 - Privacy Act of 1974; Report of an Altered System of Records, Including Addition of Routine Uses...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-09

... participation in a research study (routine use 3). (g) Providing for disclosure to the public of information... investigators who conduct research of products regulated by FDA, for example a clinical investigation that... welfare, or participation in a research study. 4. Disclosure may be made to the public of information...

Teachers As Researchers: Improving Practice in Rural and Small Schools. Rural, Small Schools Network Information Exchange: Number 11, Fall 1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Regional Laboratory for Educational Improvement of the Northeast & Islands, Andover, MA.

This packet includes reprints of journal articles and other information exploring reflective practice and action research among rural educators. The four sections of the packet cover concepts of reflective practice and action research; examples of reflective practice at both the elementary and secondary levels; issues such as encouraging…

Linking Research and Practice: Effective Strategies for Teaching Vocabulary in the ESL Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nam, Jihyun

2010-01-01

Vocabulary plays a pivotal role in the ESL classroom. Whereas a considerable amount of research has examined effective ESL vocabulary teaching and learning, missing are studies that provide examples of how to put various research findings into practice: that is, apply them to real texts including target vocabulary items. In order to close the gap…

11 CFR 4.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... duplicating equipment. Direct costs do not include overhead expenses such as the cost of space and heating or... request. Examples of the form such copies can take include, but are not limited to, paper copy, microform... an institution of vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research...

11 CFR 4.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... duplicating equipment. Direct costs do not include overhead expenses such as the cost of space and heating or... request. Examples of the form such copies can take include, but are not limited to, paper copy, microform... an institution of vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research...

11 CFR 4.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... duplicating equipment. Direct costs do not include overhead expenses such as the cost of space and heating or... request. Examples of the form such copies can take include, but are not limited to, paper copy, microform... an institution of vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research...

11 CFR 4.1 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... duplicating equipment. Direct costs do not include overhead expenses such as the cost of space and heating or... request. Examples of the form such copies can take include, but are not limited to, paper copy, microform... an institution of vocational education, which operates a program or programs of scholarly research...

77 FR 46069 - Request for Information on Effective Financial Education

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-02

... could include, where appropriate, specific examples or related research and/or program evaluation that... of comments. All submissions must include the agency name, document title and docket number. Please..., topics, or practices designed to help consumers improve their own financial decision-making lead to...

Review of HIV Pre exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and example of HIV PrEP Toolkit

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-28

Research Division may pay for your basic journal publishing charges (to include costs for tables and black and white photos). We cannot pay for...USAF, BSC Director, Clinical Investigations & Research Support Warrior Medics - Mission Ready Patient Focused PROCESSING OF PROFESSIONAL MEDICAL...SGS O&M); SGS R&D: Tri-Service Nursing Research Program (TSNRP); Defense Medical Research & Development Program (DMRDP); NIH; Congressionally

Using Framework Analysis in nursing research: a worked example.

PubMed

Ward, Deborah J; Furber, Christine; Tierney, Stephanie; Swallow, Veronica

2013-11-01

To demonstrate Framework Analysis using a worked example and to illustrate how criticisms of qualitative data analysis including issues of clarity and transparency can be addressed. Critics of the analysis of qualitative data sometimes cite lack of clarity and transparency about analytical procedures; this can deter nurse researchers from undertaking qualitative studies. Framework Analysis is flexible, systematic, and rigorous, offering clarity, transparency, an audit trail, an option for theme-based and case-based analysis and for readily retrievable data. This paper offers further explanation of the process undertaken which is illustrated with a worked example. Data were collected from 31 nursing students in 2009 using semi-structured interviews. The data collected are not reported directly here but used as a worked example for the five steps of Framework Analysis. Suggestions are provided to guide researchers through essential steps in undertaking Framework Analysis. The benefits and limitations of Framework Analysis are discussed. Nurses increasingly use qualitative research methods and need to use an analysis approach that offers transparency and rigour which Framework Analysis can provide. Nurse researchers may find the detailed critique of Framework Analysis presented in this paper a useful resource when designing and conducting qualitative studies. Qualitative data analysis presents challenges in relation to the volume and complexity of data obtained and the need to present an 'audit trail' for those using the research findings. Framework Analysis is an appropriate, rigorous and systematic method for undertaking qualitative analysis. © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Some examples of geomorphodiversity in Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panizza, Mario

2014-05-01

The concept of geomorphodiversity (Panizza, 2009) is presented: "the critical and specific assessment of the geomorphological features of a territory, by comparing them in a way both extrinsic (comparison of the geomorphological characteristics with those from other territories) and intrinsic (comparison of the geomorphological characteristics with other areas within the territory itself) and taking into account the level of their scientific quality, the scale of investigation and the purpose of the research". A first example concerns the Dolomites: they have been included in the UNESCO World Heritage List because of their exceptional beauty and unique landscape, together with their scientific importance from the geological and geomorphological point of view. They are of international significance for geomorphodiversity, as the classic site for the development of mountains in dolomite limestone and present a wide range of landforms related to erosion, tectonics and glaciation. They represent a kind of high altitude, open air laboratory of geomorphological heritage of exceptional global value, among the most extraordinary and accessible in the world and ideal for researching, teaching, understanding and developing Earth Science theories. The second example concerns the Emilia-Romagna Apennines, candidate for enrolment in the List of European Geoparks: they show a multifaceted and complex image from the international and regional geomorphological (extrinsic and intrinsic geomorphodiversity) point of view and are an educational example for illustrating morphotectonic evolution, stratigraphic and sedimentological sequences and morpholithological peculiarities connected with gypsum karst and clay mass wasting phenomena. The third example concerns the Vesuvius, one of the National Italian Parks: it shows an extrinsic geomorphodiversity mainly referred to the type of eruptions, with some exemplary processes inserted in international volcanic nomenclature; it makes up an important geoheritage that can be considered a field laboratory for research on volcanic geomorphology. At a regional level, intrinsic geomorphodiversity includes typical examples ascribable to lahars, relief inversion and pseudo-karst morphology.

Information Product Development: Data product life cycle links engineering, science, and applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stavros, E. N.; Owen, S. E.

2016-12-01

Information products are assimilated and used to: a) conduct scientific research and b) provide decision support for management and policy. For example, aboveground biomass (i.e. an information product) can be integrated into Earth system models to test hypotheses about the changing world, or used to inform decision-making with respect to natural resource management and policy. Production and dissemination of an information product is referred to as the data product life cycle, which includes: 1) identifying needed information from decision-makers and researchers, 2) engineering an instrument and collecting the raw physical measurements (e.g, number of photons returned), 3) the scientific algorithm(s) for processing the data into an observable (e.g., number of dying trees), and 4) the integration and utilization of that observables by researchers and decision-makers. In this talk, I will discuss the data product life cycle in detail and provide examples from the pre-Hyperspectral Infrared Imager (HyspIRI) airborne campaign and the upcoming NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR) mission. Examples will focus on information products related to terrestrial ecosystems and natural resource management and will demonstrate that the key to providing information products for advancing scientific understanding and informing decision-makers, is the interdisciplinary integration of science, engineering and applied science - noting that applied science defines the wider impact and adoption of scientific principles by a wider community. As pre-HyspIRI airborne data is for research and development and NISAR is not yet launched, examples will include current plans for developing exemplar data products (from pre-HyspIRI) and the mission Applications Plan (for NISAR). Copyright 2016 California Institute of Technology. All Rights Reserved. We acknowledge support of the US Government, NASA, the Earth Science Division and Terrestrial Ecology program.

Inventory of research methods for librarianship and informatics

PubMed Central

Eldredge, Jonathan D.

2004-01-01

This article defines and describes the rich variety of research designs found in librarianship and informatics practice. Familiarity with the range of methods and the ability to make distinctions between those specific methods can enable authors to label their research reports correctly. The author has compiled an inventory of methods from a variety of disciplines, but with attention to the relevant applications of a methodology to the field of librarianship. Each entry in the inventory includes a definition and description for the particular research method. Some entries include references to resource material and examples. PMID:14762467

Outstanding Issues and Future Directions of Inner Magnetospheric Research (Invited)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brandt, P. C.

2009-12-01

Several research areas of the inner magnetosphere and ionosphere (MI) system have reached a state, where the coupling mechanisms can no longer be treated as boundary conditions or ad-hoc assumptions in our physical models. It is nothing new that our community has become increasingly aware of the necessity to use global measurements from multiple observation platforms and missions, in order to understand both the system as a whole as well as its individual subsystems. In this presentation we briefly review the current status and outstanding issues of inner MI research. We attempt to establish a working definition of the term "Systems Approach", then present observational tools and techniques that enable such an approach. Physical modeling plays a central role not only in understanding the mechanisms at work, but also in determining the key quantities to be measured. We conclude by discussing questions relevant to future directions. Are there new techniques that need more attention? Should multi-platform observations be included as a default component already at the mission-level in the future? Is solar minimum uninteresting from an MI perspective? Should we actively compare to magnetospheres of other planets? Examples of outstanding issues in inner MI research include the circulation of ionospheric plasma from low to high latitudes and its escape to the magnetosphere, where it is energized by magnetospheric processes and becomes a part of the plasma pressure that in turn affects the ionospheric and magnetospheric electric field. The electric field, in turn, plays a controlling role in the transport of both magnetospheric and ionospheric plasma, which is intimately linked with ionospheric conductance. The conductance, in turn, is controlled by thermospheric chemistry coupled with plasma flow and heating and magnetospheric precipitation and Joule heating. Several techniques have emerged as important tools: auroral imaging, inversions of ENA images to retrieve the plasma pressure distribution and the associated currents (example: IMAGE and stereo imaging from TWINS), EUV imaging to retrieve the global plasmaspheric dynamics (example: IMAGE), magnetospheric magnetic field measurements to reconstruct the global dynamics of the magnetic field and current systems (example: TS07d), global networks of radar measurements of ionospheric flows (example: superDarn), tomographic inversion of GPS signal measurements to reconstruct 3D electron density profiles (example: COSMIC), low-altitude magnetic field measurements to derive maps of field-aligned currents (example: Iridium and AMPERE).

CSI related dynamics and control issues in space robotics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schmitz, Eric; Ramey, Madison

1993-01-01

The research addressed includes: (1) CSI issues in space robotics; (2) control of elastic payloads, which includes 1-DOF example, and 3-DOF harmonic drive arm with elastic beam; and (3) control of large space arms with elastic links, which includes testbed description, modeling, and experimental implementation of colocated PD and end-point tip position controllers.

Ethical Approaches to Compliance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buzo, Carina

2017-01-01

This article explores the role that higher education has in ethical compliance to Title IX and the Clery Act. The discussion includes a curious look at common practices as potential future approaches to consent and sexual assault education. Articles and research are included to ground understanding in the current context, while examples from a…

Virtual Environments in Scientific Visualization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bryson, Steve; Lisinski, T. A. (Technical Monitor)

1994-01-01

Virtual environment technology is a new way of approaching the interface between computers and humans. Emphasizing display and user control that conforms to the user's natural ways of perceiving and thinking about space, virtual environment technologies enhance the ability to perceive and interact with computer generated graphic information. This enhancement potentially has a major effect on the field of scientific visualization. Current examples of this technology include the Virtual Windtunnel being developed at NASA Ames Research Center. Other major institutions such as the National Center for Supercomputing Applications and SRI International are also exploring this technology. This talk will be describe several implementations of virtual environments for use in scientific visualization. Examples include the visualization of unsteady fluid flows (the virtual windtunnel), the visualization of geodesics in curved spacetime, surface manipulation, and examples developed at various laboratories.

An Ice Protection and Detection Systems Manufacturer's Perspective

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sweet, Dave

2009-01-01

Accomplishments include: World Class Aircraft Icing Research Center and Facility. Primary Sponsor/Partner - Aircraft Icing Consortia/Meetings. Icing Research Tunnel. Icing Test Aircraft. Icing Codes - LEWICE/Scaling, et al. Development of New Technologies (SBIR, STTR, et al). Example: Look Ahead Ice Detection. Pilot Training Materials. Full Cooperation with Academia, Government and Industry.

Qualitative Methods Can Enrich Quantitative Research on Occupational Stress: An Example from One Occupational Group

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schonfeld, Irvin Sam; Farrell, Edwin

2010-01-01

The chapter examines the ways in which qualitative and quantitative methods support each other in research on occupational stress. Qualitative methods include eliciting from workers unconstrained descriptions of work experiences, careful first-hand observations of the workplace, and participant-observers describing "from the inside" a…

Basic Reference Tools for Nursing Research. A Workbook with Explanations and Examples.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smalley, Topsy N.

This workbook is designed to introduce nursing students to basic concepts and skills needed for searching the literatures of medicine, nursing, and allied health areas for materials relevant to specific information needs. The workbook introduces the following research tools: (1) the National Library of Medicine's MEDLINE searches, including a…

Round Top Butte Research Natural Area: guidebook supplement 46

Treesearch

Marcia L. Wineteer; Reid Schuller

2014-01-01

This guidebook describes major biological and physical attributes of the 243-ha (600-ac) Round Top Butte Research Natural Area. The area supports high-quality examples of valley upland grasslands and savanna of the Cascade foothills. Plant communities include Oregon white oak (Quercus garryana) savanna and open woodland with forbs and grasses;...

Conducting Survey Research via the Internet.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rice, Margaret L.; Wright, Vivian H.; Cofield, Jay; Stokes, Suzanne P.; Wilson, Elizabeth K.

This guide to creating a survey to be administered on the Internet used Microsoft Access as the database program for the illustration. Forty-four steps in constructing the survey, including the Common Gateway Interface that moves the data collected in e-mails directly to the database, are outlined. The example developed by researchers at the…

Teachers in the desert: Creating ecological research opportunities for teachers and students on the US-Mexico border

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Considerable research provides evidence for the value of teaching science using enhanced context strategies. These strategies include making learning relevant to students by using real-world examples and problems as well as taking students out of the classroom to learn about the topic. Unfortunately...

Autonomy @ Ames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Van Dalsem, William; Krishnakumar, Kalmanje Srinivas

2016-01-01

This is a powerpoint presentation that highlights autonomy across the 15 NASA technology roadmaps, including specific examples of projects (past and present) at NASA Ames Research Center. The NASA technology roadmaps are located here: http:www.nasa.govofficesocthomeroadmapsindex.html

Metropolitan pedestrian and bicycle planning handbook

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

The purpose of this handbook is to provide Metropolitan Planning Organizations (MPOs) with practical information and examples, as they consider pedestrian and bicycle transportation in their regional planning activities. Based on research including i...

Development of irradiation capabilities to address the challenges of the nuclear industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leay, L.; Bower, W.; Horne, G.; Wady, P.; Baidak, A.; Pottinger, M.; Nancekievill, M.; Smith, A. D.; Watson, S.; Green, P. R.; Lennox, B.; LaVerne, J. A.; Pimblott, S. M.

2015-01-01

With the announcement of the U.K. new nuclear build and the requirement to decommission old facilities, researchers require bespoke facilities to undertake experiments to inform decision making. This paper describes development of The University of Manchester's Dalton Cumbrian Facility, a custom built research environment which incorporates a 5 MV tandem ion accelerator as well as a self-shielded 60Co irradiator. The ion accelerator allows the investigation into the radiolytic consequences of various charged particles, including protons, alpha particles and a variety of heavier (metal and nonmetal) ions, while the 60Co irradiator allows the effects of gamma radiation to be studied. Some examples of work carried out at the facility are presented to demonstrate how this equipment can improve our mechanistic understanding of various aspects of the deleterious effects of radiation in the nuclear industry. These examples include applications in waste storage and reprocessing as well as geological storage and novel surveying techniques. The outlook for future research is also discussed.

Knowledge diffusion in social work: a new approach to bridging the gap.

PubMed

Herie, Marilyn; Martin, Garth W

2002-01-01

The continuing gap between research and practice has long been a problem in social work. A great deal of the empirical practice literature has emphasized practice evaluation (usually in the form of single-case methodologies) at the expense of research dissemination and utilization. An alternative focus for social work researchers can be found in the extensive theoretical and research literature on knowledge diffusion, technology transfer, and social marketing. Knowledge diffusion and social marketing theory is explored in terms of its relevance to social work education and practice, including a consideration of issues of culture and power. The authors present an integrated dissemination model for social work and use a case example to illustrate the practical application of the model. The OPTIONS (OutPatient Treatment In ONtario Services) project is an example of the effective dissemination of two research-based addiction treatment modalities to nearly 1,000 direct practice clinicians in Ontario, Canada.

Insights and limits of translational research in critical care medicine.

PubMed

Pène, Frédéric; Ait-Oufella, Hafid; Taccone, Fabio Silvio; Monneret, Guillaume; Sharshar, Tarek; Tamion, Fabienne; Mira, Jean-Paul

2015-01-01

Experimental research has always been the cornerstone of pathophysiological and therapeutic advances in critical care medicine, where clinical observations and basic research mutually fed each other in a so-called translational approach. The objective of this review is to address the different aspects of translational research in the field of critical care medicine. We herein highlighted some demonstrative examples including the animal-to-human approach to study host-pathogen interactions, the human-to-animal approach for sepsis-induced immunosuppression, the still restrictive human approach to study critical illness-related neuromyopathy, and the technological developments to assess the microcirculatory changes in critically ill patients. These examples not only emphasize how translational research resulted in major improvements in the comprehension of the pathophysiology of severe clinical conditions and offered promising perspectives in critical care medicine but also point out the obstacles to translate such achievements into clinical practice.

Approaches to improving recruitment and retention of minority elders participating in research: examples from selected research groups including the National Institute on Aging's Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research.

PubMed

Stahl, Sidney M; Vasquez, Lisa

2004-11-01

This introductory overview addresses the importance of recruiting and retaining racial and ethnic minority elders in biopsychosocial research. It highlights developments by scholars, many associated with the National Institute on Aging's Resource Centers for Minority Aging Research, to develop and reinforce a research infrastructure intended to minimize the minority/nonminority differential in health and its social sequelae for older people.

Auditory and Acoustic Research & Development at Air Force Research Laboratory (AFRL)

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

aircraft noise measurement and modeling, speech communication in noise, and national and international standards for over 60 years. This article ...substantial technical document and a complete review is beyond the scope of this article . The purpose of this section is to give some examples of...acoustics facilities and instrumentation. The multi-disciplinary researchers included experts in audiology , biomedical engineering, human factors

PsyToolkit: a software package for programming psychological experiments using Linux.

PubMed

Stoet, Gijsbert

2010-11-01

PsyToolkit is a set of software tools for programming psychological experiments on Linux computers. Given that PsyToolkit is freely available under the Gnu Public License, open source, and designed such that it can easily be modified and extended for individual needs, it is suitable not only for technically oriented Linux users, but also for students, researchers on small budgets, and universities in developing countries. The software includes a high-level scripting language, a library for the programming language C, and a questionnaire presenter. The software easily integrates with other open source tools, such as the statistical software package R. PsyToolkit is designed to work with external hardware (including IoLab and Cedrus response keyboards and two common digital input/output boards) and to support millisecond timing precision. Four in-depth examples explain the basic functionality of PsyToolkit. Example 1 demonstrates a stimulus-response compatibility experiment. Example 2 demonstrates a novel mouse-controlled visual search experiment. Example 3 shows how to control light emitting diodes using PsyToolkit, and Example 4 shows how to build a light-detection sensor. The last two examples explain the electronic hardware setup such that they can even be used with other software packages.

The Utility of EEG Band Power Analysis in the Study of Infancy and Early Childhood

PubMed Central

Saby, Joni N.; Marshall, Peter J.

2012-01-01

Research employing electroencephalographic (EEG) techniques with infants and young children has flourished in recent years due to increased interest in understanding the neural processes involved in early social and cognitive development. This review focuses on the functional characteristics of the alpha, theta, and gamma frequency bands in the developing EEG. Examples of how analyses of EEG band power have been applied to specific lines of developmental research are also discussed. These examples include recent work on the infant mu rhythm and action processing, frontal alpha asymmetry and approach-withdrawal tendencies, and EEG power measures in the study of early psychosocial adversity. PMID:22545661

The role of simulation in mixed-methods research: a framework & application to patient safety.

PubMed

Guise, Jeanne-Marie; Hansen, Matthew; Lambert, William; O'Brien, Kerth

2017-05-04

Research in patient safety is an important area of health services research and is a national priority. It is challenging to investigate rare occurrences, explore potential causes, and account for the complex, dynamic context of healthcare - yet all are required in patient safety research. Simulation technologies have become widely accepted as education and clinical tools, but have yet to become a standard tool for research. We developed a framework for research that integrates accepted patient safety models with mixed-methods research approaches and describe the performance of the framework in a working example of a large National Institutes of Health (NIH)-funded R01 investigation. This worked example of a framework in action, identifies the strengths and limitations of qualitative and quantitative research approaches commonly used in health services research. Each approach builds essential layers of knowledge. We describe how the use of simulation ties these layers of knowledge together and adds new and unique dimensions of knowledge. A mixed-methods research approach that includes simulation provides a broad multi-dimensional approach to health services and patient safety research.

Magnetic Linear Accelerator (MAGLAC) as Driver for Impact Fusion (IF)

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-07-01

qualitatively different. For example, a superconductor levitated by Meis- sner effect ("flux exculsion") would be vertically stable for z > a/2; an iron...These include, for example, 1. Further material research on superconductors under high magnetic field and high frequencies. 2. Theoretical and...DEFENSE PENTAGON IMSHJNGT0N5& 20301-7100 £?1C ^ALITY INSPECTED 4 This paper presents considerations on the design of a magnetic linear accelerator

[Visual representation of biological structures in teaching material].

PubMed

Morato, M A; Struchiner, M; Bordoni, E; Ricciardi, R M

1998-01-01

Parameters must be defined for presenting and handling scientific information presented in the form of teaching materials. Through library research and consultations with specialists in the health sciences and in graphic arts and design, this study undertook a comparative description of the first examples of scientific illustrations of anatomy and the evolution of visual representations of knowledge on the cell. The study includes significant examples of illustrations which served as elements of analysis.

Memorable Exemplification in Undergraduate Biology: Instructor Strategies and Student Perceptions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oliveira, Alandeom W.; Bretzlaff, Tiffany; Brown, Adam O.

2018-03-01

The present study examines the exemplification practices of a university biology instructor during a semester-long course. Attention is given specifically to how the instructor approaches memorable exemplification—classroom episodes identified by students as a source of memorable learning experiences. A mixed-method research approach is adopted wherein descriptive statistics is combined with qualitative multimodal analysis of video recordings and survey data. Our findings show that memorable experiencing of examples may depend on a multiplicity of factors, including whether students can relate to the example, how unique and extreme the example is, how much detail is provided, whether the example is enacted rather than told, and whether the example makes students feel sad, surprised, shocked, and/or amused. It is argued that, rather than simply assuming that all examples are equally effective, careful consideration needs be given to how exemplification can serve as an important source of memorable science learning experiences.

76 FR 67668 - Proposed Collection; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-02

... variety of collection methods, including interviews and research, to inform the design, development and.... For example, information collected from consumers will help the CFPB to design model forms... used for quantitative information collections [[Page 67669

Considering Plants.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flannery, Maura C.

1991-01-01

Examples from research that incorporate plants to illustrate biological principles are presented. Topics include dried pea shape, homeotic genes, gene transcription in plants that are touched or wounded, production of grasslands, seaweed defenses, migrating plants, camouflage, and family rivalry. (KR)

Synergetic Use of Crowdsourcing for Environmental Science Research, Applications and Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nair, U. S.; Thau, D.

2015-12-01

Environmental science research and applications often utilize information that is not readily available or routinely collected by government agencies. Whereas, the quality and quantity of environmental monitoring data is continually improving (e. g., spectral and spatial resolution of satellite imagery) contextual information needed to effectively utilize the data is sparse. Examples of such contextual information include ground truth data for land cover classification, presence/absence of species, prevalence of mosquito breeding sites and characteristics of urban land cover. Often, there are no agencies tasked with routine collection of such contextual information, which could be effectively collected through crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing of such information, that is useful for environmental science research and applications, also provide opportunities for experiential learning at all levels of education. Appropriately designed crowdsourcing activity can be transform students from passive recipients of information to generators of knowledge. Multiple examples of synergistic use of crowdsourcing, developed by the Public Environmental Education and Research Apps (PEERA) group, at the University of Alabama in Huntsville will be presented. One example is crowdsourcing of land use and land cover (LULC) data using Open Data Kit (ODK) and associated analysis of satellite imagery using Google Earth Engine (GEE). Implementation of this activity as inquiry based learning exercise, for both middle school and for pre-service teachers will be discussed. Another example will detail the synergy between crowdsourcing for biodiversity mapping in southern India and environmental education. Other crowdsourcing activities that offer potential for synergy between research and public education will also be discussed.

Building research infrastructure in community health centers: a Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN) report.

PubMed

Likumahuwa, Sonja; Song, Hui; Singal, Robbie; Weir, Rosy Chang; Crane, Heidi; Muench, John; Sim, Shao-Chee; DeVoe, Jennifer E

2013-01-01

This article introduces the Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN), a practice-based research network of community health centers (CHCs). Established by the Health Resources and Services Administration in 2010, CHARN is a network of 4 community research nodes, each with multiple affiliated CHCs and an academic center. The four nodes (18 individual CHCs and 4 academic partners in 9 states) are supported by a data coordinating center. Here we provide case studies detailing how CHARN is building research infrastructure and capacity in CHCs, with a particular focus on how community practice-academic partnerships were facilitated by the CHARN structure. The examples provided by the CHARN nodes include many of the building blocks of research capacity: communication capacity and "matchmaking" between providers and researchers; technology transfer; research methods tailored to community practice settings; and community institutional review board infrastructure to enable community oversight. We draw lessons learned from these case studies that we hope will serve as examples for other networks, with special relevance for community-based networks seeking to build research infrastructure in primary care settings.

Building Research Infrastructure in Community Health Centers: A Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN) Report

PubMed Central

Likumahuwa, Sonja; Song, Hui; Singal, Robbie; Weir, Rosy Chang; Crane, Heidi; Muench, John; Sim, Shao-Chee; DeVoe, Jennifer E.

2015-01-01

This article introduces the Community Health Applied Research Network (CHARN), a practice-based research network of community health centers (CHCs). Established by the Health Resources and Services Administration in 2010, CHARN is a network of 4 community research nodes, each with multiple affiliated CHCs and an academic center. The four nodes (18 individual CHCs and 4 academic partners in 9 states) are supported by a data coordinating center. Here we provide case studies detailing how CHARN is building research infrastructure and capacity in CHCs, with a particular focus on how community practice-academic partnerships were facilitated by the CHARN structure. The examples provided by the CHARN nodes include many of the building blocks of research capacity: communication capacity and “matchmaking” between providers and researchers; technology transfer; research methods tailored to community practice settings; and community institutional review board infrastructure to enable community oversight. We draw lessons learned from these case studies that we hope will serve as examples for other networks, with special relevance for community-based networks seeking to build research infrastructure in primary care settings. PMID:24004710

Cultivating cohort studies for observational translational research.

PubMed

Ransohoff, David F

2013-04-01

"Discovery" research about molecular markers for diagnosis, prognosis, or prediction of response to therapy has frequently produced results that were not reproducible in subsequent studies. What are the reasons, and can observational cohorts be cultivated to provide strong and reliable answers to those questions? Experimental Selected examples are used to illustrate: (i) what features of research design provide strength and reliability in observational studies about markers of diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy? (ii) How can those design features be cultivated in existing observational cohorts, for example, within randomized controlled clinical trial (RCT), other existing observational research studies, or practice settings like health maintenance organization (HMOs)? Examples include a study of RNA expression profiles of tumor tissue to predict prognosis of breast cancer, a study of serum proteomics profiles to diagnose ovarian cancer, and a study of stool-based DNA assays to screen for colon cancer. Strengths and weaknesses of observational study design features are discussed, along with lessons about how features that help assure strength might be "cultivated" in the future. By considering these examples and others, it may be possible to develop a process of "cultivating cohorts" in ongoing RCTs, observational cohort studies, and practice settings like HMOs that have strong features of study design. Such an effort could produce sources of data and specimens to reliably answer questions about the use of molecular markers in diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy.

Minorities and the Quest for Human Dignity.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Ortego y Gasca, Felipe

Distorted images of American minorities are reflected in all spheres of American life, including academic and public policies. Some specific examples include: (1) Harvard's 1922 quota system for Jews, the university's pattern of white supremacy, and bias in its scholarly research; (2) the relocation of Japanese Americans during World War II; (3)…

14 CFR 1260.67 - Equipment and other property under grants with commercial firms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... conduct of research. Acquisition of special purpose equipment costing in excess of $5,000 and not included... purchase, as a direct cost to the grant, items of general purpose equipment, examples of which include but... Government shall have title to equipment and other personal property acquired with Government funds. Such...

49 CFR 381.310 - How do I apply for an exemption?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... exemption? (a) You must send a written request (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter), which... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... application must include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, and other publications and...

49 CFR 381.310 - How do I apply for an exemption?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... exemption? (a) You must send a written request (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter), which... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... application must include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, and other publications and...

14 CFR 1260.67 - Equipment and other property under grants with commercial firms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... conduct of research. Acquisition of special purpose equipment costing in excess of $5,000 and not included... purchase, as a direct cost to the grant, items of general purpose equipment, examples of which include but... Government shall have title to equipment and other personal property acquired with Government funds. Such...

49 CFR 381.310 - How do I apply for an exemption?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... exemption? (a) You must send a written request (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter), which... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... application must include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, and other publications and...

49 CFR 381.310 - How do I apply for an exemption?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... exemption? (a) You must send a written request (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter), which... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... application must include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, and other publications and...

Neighborhood and Family Environment of Expectans Mothers May Influence Prenatal Programming of Adult Cancer Risk: Discussion and an Illustrative DNA Methylation Example

EPA Science Inventory

Childhood stressors including physical abuse predict adult cancer risk. Prior research portrays this finding as an indirect mechanism that operates through coping behaviors, including adult smoking, or through increased toxic exposures during childhood. Little is known about pote...

Model-Based Weighting and Comparisons: Research Report. ETS RR-08-17

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Qian, Jiahe

2008-01-01

In survey research, sometimes the formation of groupings, or aggregations of cases on which to make an inference, are of importance. Of particular interest are the situations where the cases aggregated carry useful information that has been transferred from a sample employed in a previous study. For example, a school to be included in the sample…

On Improving the Experiment Methodology in Pedagogical Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horakova, Tereza; Houska, Milan

2014-01-01

The paper shows how the methodology for a pedagogical experiment can be improved through including the pre-research stage. If the experiment has the form of a test procedure, an improvement of methodology can be achieved using for example the methods of statistical and didactic analysis of tests which are traditionally used in other areas, i.e.…

Doing Qualitative Research Using Your Computer: A Practical Guide

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hahn, Chris

2008-01-01

This book is a practical, hands-on guide to using commonly available everyday technology, including Microsoft software, to manage and streamline research projects. It uses straight-forward, everyday language to walk readers through this process, drawing on a wide range of examples to demonstrate how easy it is to use such software. This guide is…

Formation and Assessment of a Tool to Evaluate STEM Literacy in Service-Learning Projects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hayford, Barbara; Blomstrom, Sally; Mumpower, Lori

2015-01-01

The purpose of the authors' research was to create a tool to evaluate science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) literacy in service-learning projects. The researchers posited that components of service-learning, which in this case included the deliverable and reflections, are examples of fundamental STEM literacy and thus can be…

Where Is the Knowledge? Knowledge Management, Research and Pedagogy in the Electronic Age.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gifford, Bernard R.

1992-01-01

Discusses new technology for research and pedagogy in the electronic age and gives examples of usage. The role of librarians as knowledge managers and the development of automated instructional systems for higher education are also considered; and a selected bibliography of 25 titles by the author is included. (10 references) (EA)

Motivation of synthesis, with an example on groundwater quality sustainability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fogg, G. E.; Labolle, E. M.

2007-12-01

Synthesis of ideas and theories from disparate disciplines is necessary for addressing the major problems faced by society. Such integration happens neither via edict nor via lofty declarations of what is needed or what is best. It happens mainly through two mechanisms: limited scope collaborations (e.g., ~2-3 investigators) in which the researchers believe deeply in their need for each other's expertise and much larger scope collaborations driven by the 'big idea.' Perhaps the strongest motivation for broad, effective synthesis is the 'big idea' that is sufficiently important and inspiring to marshal the appropriate collaborative efforts. Examples include the Manhattan Project, the quest for cancer cures, predicting effects of climate change, and groundwater quality sustainability. The latter is posed as an example of a 'big idea' that would potentially unify research efforts in both the sciences and social sciences toward a common, pressing objective.

Postpartum depression: a chronicle of health policy development.

PubMed

Glasser, Saralee

2010-01-01

The current report presents an example of the path taken from identification of a public health problem at the primary health service level, to conducting research documenting the scope of the problem and nature of the risk factors, disseminating the findings, and fostering development and application of relevant policy. The example presented is the case of postpartum depression, an issue with bio-psycho-social implications. Public health nurses identified the problem, prompting epidemiological research. The findings encouraged the Ministry of Health (MOH) to conduct a pilot program for screening and early intervention among pregnant and postpartum women reporting depressive symptoms. Based on the results of the pilot program, the MOH is expanding the program to all Mother-Child Health (MCH) clinics. Israel?s largest Health Maintenance Organization has followed suit and is including this program in its own clinics. This Israeli experience may serve as an instructive example of a locally identified problem evolving into a national policy.

The Modern Research Data Portal: A Design Pattern for Networked, Data-Intensive Science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chard, Kyle; Dart, Eli; Foster, Ian

Here we describe best practices for providing convenient, high-speed, secure access to large data via research data portals. We capture these best practices in a new design pattern, the Modern Research Data Portal, that disaggregates the traditional monolithic web-based data portal to achieve orders-of-magnitude increases in data transfer performance, support new deployment architectures that decouple control logic from data storage, and reduce development and operations costs. We introduce the design pattern; explain how it leverages high-performance Science DMZs and cloud-based data management services; review representative examples at research laboratories and universities, including both experimental facilities and supercomputer sites; describe howmore » to leverage Python APIs for authentication, authorization, data transfer, and data sharing; and use coding examples to demonstrate how these APIs can be used to implement a range of research data portal capabilities. Sample code at a companion web site, https://docs.globus.org/mrdp, provides application skeletons that readers can adapt to realize their own research data portals.« less

The Modern Research Data Portal: a design pattern for networked, data-intensive science

DOE PAGES

Chard, Kyle; Dart, Eli; Foster, Ian; ...

2018-01-15

We describe best practices for providing convenient, high-speed, secure access to large data via research data portals. Here, we capture these best practices in a new design pattern, the Modern Research Data Portal, that disaggregates the traditional monolithic web-based data portal to achieve orders-of-magnitude increases in data transfer performance, support new deployment architectures that decouple control logic from data storage, and reduce development and operations costs. We introduce the design pattern; explain how it leverages high-performance data enclaves and cloud-based data management services; review representative examples at research laboratories and universities, including both experimental facilities and supercomputer sites; describe howmore » to leverage Python APIs for authentication, authorization, data transfer, and data sharing; and use coding examples to demonstrate how these APIs can be used to implement a range of research data portal capabilities. Sample code at a companion web site,https://docs.globus.org/mrdp, provides application skeletons that readers can adapt to realize their own research data portals.« less

The Modern Research Data Portal: a design pattern for networked, data-intensive science

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chard, Kyle; Dart, Eli; Foster, Ian

We describe best practices for providing convenient, high-speed, secure access to large data via research data portals. Here, we capture these best practices in a new design pattern, the Modern Research Data Portal, that disaggregates the traditional monolithic web-based data portal to achieve orders-of-magnitude increases in data transfer performance, support new deployment architectures that decouple control logic from data storage, and reduce development and operations costs. We introduce the design pattern; explain how it leverages high-performance data enclaves and cloud-based data management services; review representative examples at research laboratories and universities, including both experimental facilities and supercomputer sites; describe howmore » to leverage Python APIs for authentication, authorization, data transfer, and data sharing; and use coding examples to demonstrate how these APIs can be used to implement a range of research data portal capabilities. Sample code at a companion web site,https://docs.globus.org/mrdp, provides application skeletons that readers can adapt to realize their own research data portals.« less

ENANTIOMER-SPECIFIC EFFECTS OF CHIRAL POLLUTANTS

EPA Science Inventory

Enantiomers, the mirror image isomers of chiral pollutants, are known to be selective in their interaction with other chiral molecules, including enzymes and other biochemicals. Considerable research has shown, for example, that chiral pesticides are degraded selectively by micr...

Procedures and requirements for testing in the Langley Research Center unitary plan wind tunnel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wassum, Donald L.; Hyman, Curtis E., Jr.

1988-01-01

Information is presented to assist those interested in conducting wind-tunnel testing within the Langley Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel. Procedures, requirements, forms and examples necessary for tunnel entry are included.

Computational Fluid Dynamics Program at NASA Ames Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Holst, Terry L.

1989-01-01

The Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Program at NASA Ames Research Center is reviewed and discussed. The technical elements of the CFD Program are listed and briefly discussed. These elements include algorithm research, research and pilot code development, scientific visualization, advanced surface representation, volume grid generation, and numerical optimization. Next, the discipline of CFD is briefly discussed and related to other areas of research at NASA Ames including experimental fluid dynamics, computer science research, computational chemistry, and numerical aerodynamic simulation. These areas combine with CFD to form a larger area of research, which might collectively be called computational technology. The ultimate goal of computational technology research at NASA Ames is to increase the physical understanding of the world in which we live, solve problems of national importance, and increase the technical capabilities of the aerospace community. Next, the major programs at NASA Ames that either use CFD technology or perform research in CFD are listed and discussed. Briefly, this list includes turbulent/transition physics and modeling, high-speed real gas flows, interdisciplinary research, turbomachinery demonstration computations, complete aircraft aerodynamics, rotorcraft applications, powered lift flows, high alpha flows, multiple body aerodynamics, and incompressible flow applications. Some of the individual problems actively being worked in each of these areas is listed to help define the breadth or extent of CFD involvement in each of these major programs. State-of-the-art examples of various CFD applications are presented to highlight most of these areas. The main emphasis of this portion of the presentation is on examples which will not otherwise be treated at this conference by the individual presentations. Finally, a list of principal current limitations and expected future directions is given.

Special opportunities in helicopter aerodynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mccroskey, W. J.

1983-01-01

Aerodynamic research relating to modern helicopters includes the study of three dimensional, unsteady, nonlinear flow fields. A selective review is made of some of the phenomenon that hamper the development of satisfactory engineering prediction techniques, but which provides a rich source of research opportunities: flow separations, compressibility effects, complex vortical wakes, and aerodynamic interference between components. Several examples of work in progress are given, including dynamic stall alleviation, the development of computational methods for transonic flow, rotor-wake predictions, and blade-vortex interactions.

The SciELO Brazilian Scientific Journal Gateway and Open Archives; Usability of Hypermedia Educational e-Books; Building Upon the MyLibrary Concept To Better Meet the Information Needs of College Students; Open Archives and UK Institutions; The Utah Digital Newspapers Project; Examples of Practical Digital Libraries.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marcondes, Carlos Henrique; Sayao, Luis Fernando; Diaz, Paloma; Gibbons, Susan; Pinfield, Stephen; Kenning, Arlitsch; Edge, Karen; Yapp, L.; Witten, Ian H.

2003-01-01

Includes six articles that focus on practical uses of technologies developed from digital library research in the areas of education and scholarship reflecting the international impact of digital library research initiatives. Includes the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO) (Brazil); the National Science Foundation (NSF) (US); the Joint…

VLSI chips for vision-based vehicle guidance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Masaki, Ichiro

1994-02-01

Sensor-based vehicle guidance systems are gathering rapidly increasing interest because of their potential for increasing safety, convenience, environmental friendliness, and traffic efficiency. Examples of applications include intelligent cruise control, lane following, collision warning, and collision avoidance. This paper reviews the research trends in vision-based vehicle guidance with an emphasis on VLSI chip implementations of the vision systems. As an example of VLSI chips for vision-based vehicle guidance, a stereo vision system is described in detail.

Paradigms: examples from the bacterium Xylella fastidiosa.

PubMed

Purcell, Alexander

2013-01-01

The history of advances in research on Xylella fastidiosa provides excellent examples of how paradigms both advance and limit our scientific understanding of plant pathogens and the plant diseases they cause. I describe this from a personal perspective, having been directly involved with many persons who made paradigm-changing discoveries, beginning with the discovery that a bacterium, not a virus, causes Pierce's disease of grape and other plant diseases in numerous plant species, including important crop and forest species.

Ethical issues in mental health

PubMed Central

DuBois, James; Bailey-Burch, Brendolyn; Bustillos, Dan; Campbell, Jean; Cottler, Linda; Fisher, Celia; Hadley, Whitney B.; Hoop, Jinger G.; Roberts, Laura; Salter, Erica K.; Sieber, Joan E.; Stevenson, Richard D.

2012-01-01

Purpose of review To describe community engaged research (CEnR) and how it may improve the quality of a research study while addressing ethical concerns that communities may have with mental health and substance abuse research. This article includes a review of the literature as well as recommendations from an expert panel convened with funding from the US National Institute of Mental Health. Recent findings CEnR represents a broad spectrum of practices including representation on institutional ethics committees, attitude research with individuals from the study population, engaging community advisory boards, forming research partnerships with community organizations, and including community members as co-investigators. Summary CEnR poses some challenges; for example, it requires funding and training for researchers and community members. However, it offers many benefits to researchers and communities and some form of CEnR is appropriate and feasible in nearly every study involving human participants. PMID:21460643

Shining a light on planetary processes using synchrotron techniques

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brand, H. E. A.; Kimpton, J. A.

2017-12-01

The Australian Synchrotron is a world-class national research facility that uses accelerator technology to produce X-rays and infrared for research. It is available for researchers from all institutions and disciplines. This contribution is intended to inform the community of the current capabilities at the facility using examples drawn from planetary research across the beamlines. Examples will include: formation of jarosite minerals with a view to Mars; studies of Micrometeorites; and large volume CT imaging of geological samples. A suite of new beamlines has been proposed for the growth of the facility and one of these, ADS, the Advanced Diffraction and Scattering beamline, is intended to be a high energy X-ray diffraction beamline capable of reaching extreme conditions and carrying out challenging in situ experiments. There is an opportunity to develop complex new sample environments which could be of relevance to shock metamorphic processes and this will form part of the discussion.

Teacher stress research: problems and progress.

PubMed

Pithers, R T

1995-12-01

There is a reasonably large body of published research evidence available which indicates that teaching is a 'highly' or 'extremely highly' stressful occupation for up to one-third of its professionals. Generalisations such as this one, however, are wrought with problems. These problems, for instance, range from confusion about the definition of stress through to how it is to be measured. They include methodological problems inherent in some of the research used to examine the area of teacher stress and as well include, for example, confusion about the effect of mediating variables in the production of stress and strain. This paper examines some of the more important pervasive research problems in current research on teacher stress and makes some suggestions for research progress.

CFD code evaluation for internal flow modeling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chung, T. J.

1990-01-01

Research on the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) code evaluation with emphasis on supercomputing in reacting flows is discussed. Advantages of unstructured grids, multigrids, adaptive methods, improved flow solvers, vector processing, parallel processing, and reduction of memory requirements are discussed. As examples, researchers include applications of supercomputing to reacting flow Navier-Stokes equations including shock waves and turbulence and combustion instability problems associated with solid and liquid propellants. Evaluation of codes developed by other organizations are not included. Instead, the basic criteria for accuracy and efficiency have been established, and some applications on rocket combustion have been made. Research toward an ultimate goal, the most accurate and efficient CFD code, is in progress and will continue for years to come.

78 FR 22916 - Notice of Intent To Seek Approval To Establish an Information Collection

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-17

... Research.gov . These indicators are both quantitative and descriptive and may include, for example, lists... evaluate the progress of the program. Estimate of Burden: 200 hours per facility for three national user...

Acid Rain Classroom Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demchik, Michael J.

2000-01-01

Describes a curriculum plan in which students learn about acid rain through instructional media, research and class presentations, lab activities, simulations, design, and design implementation. Describes the simulation activity in detail and includes materials, procedures, instructions, examples, results, and discussion sections. (SAH)

Tutorial for Thermophysics Universal Research Framework

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-07-30

DS1V are compared in Section 3.4.5. 3.4.2 Description of the Example Problem In a fluid, disturbance information is communicated within a medium at the...Universal Research Framework development (TURF-DEV) package on a case-by-case basis. Brief descriptions of the operations are provided in Tables 4.1 and...of additional experimental (E) and research (R) operations included in TURF-DEV. Module Operation Description DSMC SPDistDirectDSMCCellMergeOp (R

The Ambiguities of Education Research or Can a Rabbit Catch the Fox?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heaney, Thomas W.

Research methodologies are "word-specific," that is, they assume frames of reference which do not include all of reality. They are like the "sets" in mathematics in which axioms apply only within certain realities. (Parallel lines do converge, for example, on the horizon; the geometric postulate that says they do not holds only for the set of a…

Evaluation of Family Planning Programmes, An Example from Botswana. Research for Action No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, Sheila

Since 1969 the International Planned Parenthood Federation has worked with the government of Botswana in setting up family planning services. An evaluation of the family planning aspects of the program were carried out. This is a summary of three research studies and some general comments. Included is: (1) an introduction to Botswana and the…

Some Lasting Consequences of US Psychology Programs in World Wars I and II

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Lyle V.

2007-01-01

Applied research in psychology not only has contributed directly to societal advances but often has fostered basic research as well. Prominent examples are the programs directed by Yerkes in World War I to develop the Army Alpha test and several programs in World War II, including "The American Soldier" that assessed soldiers' attitudes during the…

Psychological Warfare: The Media and Relational Aggression among Female College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goldberg, Rebecca M.

2009-01-01

For this study, the researcher examined the media's influences on the experience of relational aggression among college women. Women in the United States of America are learning to stifle their true selves in favor of the feminine ideal, which includes behaving covertly. Examples of female behavior as presented in the Western media include a wide…

49 CFR 381.410 - What may I do if I have an idea or suggestion for a pilot program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter) to the Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... recommendation should include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, publications and other documents...

49 CFR 381.410 - What may I do if I have an idea or suggestion for a pilot program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter) to the Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... recommendation should include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, publications and other documents...

49 CFR 381.410 - What may I do if I have an idea or suggestion for a pilot program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter) to the Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... recommendation should include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, publications and other documents...

49 CFR 381.410 - What may I do if I have an idea or suggestion for a pilot program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (for example, a typed or handwritten (printed) letter) to the Administrator, Federal Motor Carrier... include: (1) Your name, job title, mailing address, and daytime telephone number; (2) The name of the... recommendation should include a copy of all research reports, technical papers, publications and other documents...

Islandora A Flexible Drupal-Based Virtual Research Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leggott, M.; Pan, J.

2011-12-01

Research today exists in a landscape where data flood in, literature grows exponentially, and disciplinary boundaries are increasingly porous. Many of the greatest challenges facing researchers are related to managing the information produced during the research life cycle - from the discussion of new projects to the creation of funding proposals, the production and analysis of data, and the presentation of findings via conferences and scholarly publications. The Islandora framework provides a system that stewards digital data in any form (textual, numeric, scientific, multimedia) along the entire course of this research continuum, it facilitates collaboration not just among physically distant members of research groups but also among research groups and their associated support groups. Because Islandora accommodates both the project-specific, experiment-based context and the cross-project, interdisciplinary exploration context of data, the approach to the creation and discovery of data can be called 'discipline-agnostic.' UPEI's Virtual Research Environment (or VRE) has demonstrated the immense benefits of such an approach. In one example scientists collects samples, create detailed metadata for each sample, potentially generating thousands of data files of various kinds, which can all be loaded in one step. Software (some of it developed specifically for this project) then combines, recombines, and transforms these data into alternate formats for analysis -- thereby saving scientists hundreds of hours of manual labor. Wherever possible data are translated, converting them from proprietary file formats to standard XML, and stored -- thereby exposing the data to a larger audience that may bring them together with quite different samples or experiments in novel ways. The same computer processes and software work-flows brought to bear in the context of one research program can be re-used in other areas and across completely different disciplines, since the data are represented by similar streams of bits and bytes. Islandora is developing a strong set of features of interest to the geoscience community, including: a generic XML form builder with current support for DC, FGDC, EML, KML, NCD, Darwin Core, DDI, PREMIS and more coming). Strong support for large image files via JPEG2000, document formats, entity extraction, geo-referencing functions, OpenLayers integration, mobile iPad/iPhone interfaces and more make Islandora an ideal digital asset management system for geoscience researchers. Islandora is an open source project developed at the University of PEI, with a full suite of services available from the UPEI spin-off DiscoveryGarden Inc. Islandora is built around the Drupal content management system and the Fedora repository, providing a robust and flexible digital asset management framework. Examples of Islandora systems include a variety of research data repositories, including some examples in the earth sciences, such as the ESDORA system at Oak Ridge National Laboratory. The system will be described in detail, using a number of research systems as examples.

NASA Applications of Structural Health Monitoring Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richards, W Lance; Madaras, Eric I.; Prosser, William H.; Studor, George

2013-01-01

This presentation provides examples of research and development that has recently or is currently being conducted at NASA, with a special emphasis on the application of structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace vehicles. SHM applications on several vehicle programs are highlighted, including Space Shuttle Orbiter, International Space Station, Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles, and Expandable Launch Vehicles. Examples of current and previous work are presented in the following categories: acoustic emission impact detection, multi-parameter fiber optic strain-based sensing, wireless sensor system development, and distributed leak detection.

NASA Applications of Structural Health Monitoring Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Richards, W Lance; Madaras, Eric I.; Prosser, William H.; Studor, George

2013-01-01

This presentation provides examples of research and development that has recently or is currently being conducted at NASA, with a special emphasis on the application of structural health monitoring (SHM) of aerospace vehicles. SHM applications on several vehicle programs are highlighted, including Space Shuttle Orbiter, the International Space Station, Uninhabited Aerial Vehicles, and Expendable Launch Vehicles. Examples of current and previous work are presented in the following categories: acoustic emission impact detection, multi-parameter fiber optic strain-based sensing, wireless sensor system development, and distributed leak detection.

A Tale of Two Small Business Grants: The Best of Times, the Worst of Times from the NASA Ames Small Business Innovative Research (SBIR) Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kojiro, Daniel R.; Lee, Geoffrey S.

2006-01-01

The purposes of the SBIR Program are to: stimulate technological innovation in the private sector; strengthen the role of Small Business Concerns (SBCs) in meeting Federal research and development needs; increase the commercial application of these research results; and encourage participation of socially and economically disadvantaged persons and women-owned small businesses. The process can be highly rewarding, providing the small business with resources to pursue research and development with a focus on providing NASA with new and advanced capabilities. We present two examples of how the NASA Ames SBIR Program has addressed these purposes, nurturing innovative ideas from small, businesses into commercially viable products that also address analytical needs in space research. These examples, from the Science Instruments for Conducting Solar System Exploration Subtopic, describe the journey from innovative concept to analytical instrument, one successful and one hampered by numerous roadblocks (including some international intrigue}.

Implementation Science: Buzzword or Game Changer?

PubMed

Douglas, Natalie F; Campbell, Wenonah N; Hinckley, Jacqueline J

2015-12-01

The purpose of this supplement article is to provide a resource of pertinent information concerning implementation science for immediate research application in communication sciences and disorders. Key terminology related to implementation science is reviewed. Practical suggestions for the application of implementation science theories and methodologies are provided, including an overview of hybrid research designs that simultaneously investigate clinical effectiveness and implementation as well as an introduction to approaches for engaging stakeholders in the research process. A detailed example from education is shared to show how implementation science was utilized to move an intervention program for autism into routine practice in the public school system. In particular, the example highlights the value of strong partnership among researchers, policy makers, and frontline practitioners in implementing and sustaining new evidence-based practices. Implementation science is not just a buzzword. This is a new field of study that can make a substantive contribution in communication sciences and disorders by informing research agendas, reducing health and education disparities, improving accountability and quality control, increasing clinician satisfaction and competence, and improving client outcomes.

In Support of Clinical Case Reports: A System of Causality Assessment

PubMed Central

Hamre, Harald J.; Kienle, Gunver S.

2013-01-01

The usefulness of clinical research depends on an assessment of causality. This assessment determines what constitutes clinical evidence. Case reports are an example of evidence that is frequently overlooked because it is believed they cannot address causal links between treatment and outcomes. This may be a mistake. Clarity on the topic of causality and its assessment will be of benefit for researchers and clinicians. This article outlines an overall system of causality and causality assessment. The system proposed involves two dimensions: horizontal and vertical; each of these dimensions consists of three different types of causality and three corresponding types of causality assessment. Included in this system are diverse forms of case causality illustrated with examples from everyday life and clinical medicine. Assessing case causality can complement conventional clinical research in an era of personalized medicine. PMID:24416665

Creating the Future of Evidence-Based Nutrition Recommendations: Case Studies from Lipid Research123

PubMed Central

Dwyer, Johanna T; Rubin, Kristin H; Psota, Tricia L; Liska, DeAnn J; Montain, Scott J

2016-01-01

Strategic translational research is designed to address research gaps that answer specific guidance questions. It provides translational value with respect to nutrition guidance and regulatory and public policy. The relevance and the quality of evidence both matter in translational research. For example, design decisions regarding population, intervention, comparator, and outcome criteria affect whether or not high-quality studies are considered relevant to specific guidance questions and are therefore included as evidence within the context of systematic review frameworks used by authoritative food and health organizations. The process used in systematic reviews, developed by the USDA for its Nutrition Evidence Library, is described. An eating pattern and cardiovascular disease (CVD) evidence review is provided as an example, and factors that differentiated the studies considered relevant and included in that evidence base from those that were excluded are noted. Case studies on ω-3 (n–3) fatty acids (FAs) and industrial trans-FAs illustrate key factors vital to relevance and translational impact, including choice of a relevant population (e.g., healthy, at risk, or diseased subjects; general population or high-performance soldiers); dose and form of the intervention (e.g., food or supplement); use of relevant comparators (e.g., technically feasible and realistic); and measures for both exposure and outcomes (e.g., inflammatory markers or CVD endpoints). Specific recommendations are provided to help increase the impact of nutrition research on future dietary guidance, policy, and regulatory issues, particularly in the area of lipids. PMID:27422509

Pathways to Housing Policy: Translating Research to Policy to Achieve Impact on Well Being.

PubMed

Samuels, Bryan

2017-09-01

Policy emerges from the legislative, agency, and practice levels and from several pathways, including litigation; high profile or tragic events; community-based service provision and practice innovations; and research evidence. This commentary places an emphasis throughout on discussions of the articles included in this issue. It explores pathways that influenced the development of housing policy targeting child and family well being and provides examples to illustrate each pathway. The article further highlights how research on housing and child well being has influenced policy and practice and notes gaps for further research. It concludes with suggestions for structuring research to more effectively assist policymakers to make informed decisions that achieve positive change for children, youth, and families. © Society for Community Research and Action 2017.

Effects of Example Variability and Prior Knowledge in How Students Learn to Solve Equations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Jian-Peng; Yang, Ling-Yan; Ding, Yi

2014-01-01

Researchers have consistently demonstrated that multiple examples are better than one example in facilitating learning because the comparison evoked by multiple examples supports learning and transfer. However, research outcomes are unclear regarding the effects of example variability and prior knowledge on learning from comparing multiple…

pyres: a Python wrapper for electrical resistivity modeling with R2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Befus, Kevin M.

2018-04-01

A Python package, pyres, was written to handle common as well as specialized input and output tasks for the R2 electrical resistivity (ER) modeling program. Input steps including handling field data, creating quadrilateral or triangular meshes, and data filtering allow repeatable and flexible ER modeling within a programming environment. pyres includes non-trivial routines and functions for locating and constraining specific known or separately-parameterized regions in both quadrilateral and triangular meshes. Three basic examples of how to run forward and inverse models with pyres are provided. The importance of testing mesh convergence and model sensitivity are also addressed with higher-level examples that show how pyres can facilitate future research-grade ER analyses.

A review of responsive MRI contrast agents: 2005–2014

PubMed Central

Hingorani, Dina V.; Bernstein, Adam S.; Pagel, Mark D.

2014-01-01

This review focuses on MRI contrast agents that are responsive to a change in a physiological biomarker. The response mechanisms are dependent on six physicochemical characteristics, including the accessibility of water to the agent, tumbling time, proton exchange rate, electron spin state, MR frequency, or superparamagnetism of the agent. These characteristics can be affected by changes in concentrations or activities of enzymes, proteins, nucleic acids, metabolites, or metal ions, or changes in redox state, pH, temperature, or light. A total of 117 examples are presented, including examples that employ nuclei other than 1H, which attests to the creativity of multidisciplinary research efforts to develop responsive MRI contrast agents. PMID:25355685

The use of fish models to study human neurological disorders.

PubMed

Matsui, Hideaki

2017-07-01

Small teleost fish including zebrafish and medaka have been used as animal models in basic science research due to the relative ease of handling and transparency during embryogenesis. Current advances in genetic engineering and progress in disease genetics allowed utilization of these fish to study neurological diseases and psychiatric disorders. This review summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of using fish for neuropsychiatric research using primarily our own studies as examples. We discuss how fish belong to a class of vertebrates, are feasible for imaging, and include diverse species with multiple research possibilities yet to be discovered. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd and Japan Neuroscience Society. All rights reserved.

Ethical muscle and scientific interests: a role for philosophy in scientific research.

PubMed

Kaposy, Chris

2008-03-01

Ethics, a branch of philosophy, has a place in the regulatory framework of human subjects research. Sometimes, however, ethical concepts and arguments play a more central role in scientific activity. This can happen, for example, when violations of research norms are also ethical violations. In such a situation, ethical arguments can be marshaled to improve the quality of the scientific research. I explore two different examples in which philosophers and scientists have used ethical arguments to plead for epistemological improvements in the conduct of research. The first example deals with research dishonesty in pharmaceutical development. The second example is concerned with neuropsychological research using fMRI technology.

Huntington's Disease Research Roster Support with a Microcomputer Database Management System

PubMed Central

Gersting, J. M.; Conneally, P. M.; Beidelman, K.

1983-01-01

This paper chronicles the MEGADATS (Medical Genetics Acquisition and DAta Transfer System) database development effort in collecting, storing, retrieving, and plotting human family pedigrees. The newest system, MEGADATS-3M, is detailed. Emphasis is on the microcomputer version of MEGADATS-3M and its use to support the Huntington's Disease research roster project. Examples of data input and pedigree plotting are included.

Tribological properties of amorphous alloys and the role of surfaces in abrasive wear of materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miyoshi, K.; Buckley, D. H.

1982-01-01

The research approach undertaken by the authors relative to the subject, and examples of results from the authors are reviewed. The studies include programs in adhesion, friction, and various wear mechanisms (adhesive and abrasive wear). The materials which have been studied include such ceramic and metallic materials as silicon carbide, ferrites, diamond, and amorphous alloys.

Supercomputer Issues from a University Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beering, Steven C.

1984-01-01

Discusses issues related to the access of and training of university researchers in using supercomputers, considering National Science Foundation's (NSF) role in this area, microcomputers on campuses, and the limited use of existing telecommunication networks. Includes examples of potential scientific projects (by subject area) utilizing…

10 CFR 600.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also... Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant...

10 CFR 600.101 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also... Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant...

76 FR 62722 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife and Plants; 12-Month Finding on a Petition To List Amoreuxia...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-11

... research in any of the populations in Arizona and Mexico. Abundance There are virtually no population... projections using a framework for characterizing certainty (Solomon et al. 2007, pp. 22-23). Examples include...

Developing scientific information to support decisions for sustainable reef ecosystem services

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has recently realigned its research enterprise around the concept of sustainability, including improving understanding of benefits derived from ecosystems. We provide an example of how EPA is applying structured decision-making (SDM)...

Introduction to the Systems Approach at University.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niemi, Antti J.

1988-01-01

Recommends systems subjects as part of college curricula for providing students with broader skills and with background that does not become outdated. Topics included are requirements of a basic examination, cooperation with other professionals, and examples of systems technologies and interdisciplinary research. (Author/YP)

Identification and evaluation of software measures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Card, D. N.

1981-01-01

A large scale, systematic procedure for identifying and evaluating measures that meaningfully characterize one or more elements of software development is described. The background of this research, the nature of the data involved, and the steps of the analytic procedure are discussed. An example of the application of this procedure to data from real software development projects is presented. As the term is used here, a measure is a count or numerical rating of the occurrence of some property. Examples of measures include lines of code, number of computer runs, person hours expended, and degree of use of top down design methodology. Measures appeal to the researcher and the manager as a potential means of defining, explaining, and predicting software development qualities, especially productivity and reliability.

Optimizing Introductory Physics for the Life Sciences: Placing Physics in Biological Context

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crouch, Catherine

2014-03-01

Physics is a critical foundation for today's life sciences and medicine. However, the physics content and ways of thinking identified by life scientists as most important for their fields are often not taught, or underemphasized, in traditional introductory physics courses. Furthermore, such courses rarely give students practice using physics to understand living systems in a substantial way. Consequently, students are unlikely to recognize the value of physics to their chosen fields, or to develop facility in applying physics to biological systems. At Swarthmore, as at several other institutions engaged in reforming this course, we have reorganized the introductory course for life science students around touchstone biological examples, in which fundamental physics contributes significantly to understanding biological phenomena or research techniques, in order to make explicit the value of physics to the life sciences. We have also focused on the physics topics and approaches most relevant to biology while seeking to develop rigorous qualitative reasoning and quantitative problem solving skills, using established pedagogical best practices. Each unit is motivated by and culminates with students analyzing one or more touchstone examples. For example, in the second semester we emphasize electric potential and potential difference more than electric field, and start from students' typically superficial understanding of the cell membrane potential and of electrical interactions in biochemistry to help them develop a more sophisticated understanding of electric forces, field, and potential, including in the salt water environment of life. Other second semester touchstones include optics of vision and microscopes, circuit models for neural signaling, and magnetotactic bacteria. When possible, we have adapted existing research-based curricular materials to support these examples. This talk will describe the design and development process for this course, give examples of materials, and present initial assessment data evaluating both content learning and student attitudes.

Learning from Comparing Multiple Examples: On the Dilemma of "Similar" or "Different"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guo, Jian-Peng; Pang, Ming Fai; Yang, Ling-Yan; Ding, Yi

2012-01-01

Although researchers have demonstrated that studying multiple examples is more effective than studying one example to facilitate learning, the principles found in the literature for designing multiple examples remain ambiguous. This paper reviews variation theory research on example design which sheds light on unclear issues regarding the effects…

Conducting Simulation Studies in the R Programming Environment.

PubMed

Hallgren, Kevin A

2013-10-12

Simulation studies allow researchers to answer specific questions about data analysis, statistical power, and best-practices for obtaining accurate results in empirical research. Despite the benefits that simulation research can provide, many researchers are unfamiliar with available tools for conducting their own simulation studies. The use of simulation studies need not be restricted to researchers with advanced skills in statistics and computer programming, and such methods can be implemented by researchers with a variety of abilities and interests. The present paper provides an introduction to methods used for running simulation studies using the R statistical programming environment and is written for individuals with minimal experience running simulation studies or using R. The paper describes the rationale and benefits of using simulations and introduces R functions relevant for many simulation studies. Three examples illustrate different applications for simulation studies, including (a) the use of simulations to answer a novel question about statistical analysis, (b) the use of simulations to estimate statistical power, and (c) the use of simulations to obtain confidence intervals of parameter estimates through bootstrapping. Results and fully annotated syntax from these examples are provided.

METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM AND MIXED METHODOLOGY TO STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE FROM OXFORD HOUSE

PubMed Central

May, Emily M.; Hunter, Bronwyn A.; Jason, Leonard A.

2017-01-01

This article evaluates how a plurality of research methods has served a research program that has functioned in a much-needed area of research: the role of housing and recovery residences in addiction recovery. The review focuses on one mutually supportive recovery residence model, called Oxford House, which represents more than 1,700 democratic, self-governing residences. To date, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the research methods used with Oxford House or any other recovery residence. In this article, research methods, including study designs and data analyses, are summarized for 114 peer-reviewed empirical studies that included data on Oxford Houses or Oxford House residents. This review of a pluralistic research program can inform community researchers about the value of recovery residences, the many ways in which recovery residences may be assessed, and the benefits of using multiple methods. Implications for future recovery residence research are discussed. PMID:28839344

METHODOLOGICAL PLURALISM AND MIXED METHODOLOGY TO STRENGTHEN COMMUNITY PSYCHOLOGY RESEARCH: AN EXAMPLE FROM OXFORD HOUSE.

PubMed

May, Emily M; Hunter, Bronwyn A; Jason, Leonard A

2017-01-01

This article evaluates how a plurality of research methods has served a research program that has functioned in a much-needed area of research: the role of housing and recovery residences in addiction recovery. The review focuses on one mutually supportive recovery residence model, called Oxford House, which represents more than 1,700 democratic, self-governing residences. To date, there has been no comprehensive evaluation of the research methods used with Oxford House or any other recovery residence. In this article, research methods, including study designs and data analyses, are summarized for 114 peer-reviewed empirical studies that included data on Oxford Houses or Oxford House residents. This review of a pluralistic research program can inform community researchers about the value of recovery residences, the many ways in which recovery residences may be assessed, and the benefits of using multiple methods. Implications for future recovery residence research are discussed.

Microgravity: New opportunities to facilitate biotechnology development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Terry; Todd, Paul; Stodieck, Louis S.

1996-03-01

New opportunities exist to use the microgravity environment to facilitate biotechnology development. BioServe Space Technologies Center for the Commercial Development of Space offers access to microgravity environments for companies who wish to perform research or develop products in three specific life-science fields: Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research, Biotechnology and Bioprocessing Research, and Agricultural and Environmental Research. Examples of each include physiological testing of new pharmaceutical countermeasures against symptoms that are exaggerated in space flight, crystallization and testing of novel, precompetitive biopharmaceutical substances in a convection-free environment, and closed life-support system product development.

High-Alpha Handling Qualities Flight Research on the NASA F/A-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wichman, Keith D.; Pahle, Joseph W.; Bahm, Catherine; Davidson, John B.; Bacon, Barton J.; Murphy, Patrick C.; Ostroff, Aaron J.; Hoffler, Keith D.

1996-01-01

A flight research study of high-angle-of-attack handling qualities has been conducted at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center using the F/A-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV). The objectives were to create a high-angle-of-attack handling qualities flight database, develop appropriate research evaluation maneuvers, and evaluate high-angle-of-attack handling qualities guidelines and criteria. Using linear and nonlinear simulations and flight research data, the predictions from each criterion were compared with the pilot ratings and comments. Proposed high-angle-of-attack nonlinear design guidelines and proposed handling qualities criteria and guidelines developed using piloted simulation were considered. Recently formulated time-domain Neal-Smith guidelines were also considered for application to high-angle-of-attack maneuvering. Conventional envelope criteria were evaluated for possible extension to the high-angle-of-attack regime. Additionally, the maneuvers were studied as potential evaluation techniques, including a limited validation of the proposed standard evaluation maneuver set. This paper gives an overview of these research objectives through examples and summarizes result highlights. The maneuver development is described briefly, the criteria evaluation is emphasized with example results given, and a brief discussion of the database form and content is presented.

Current Challenges in Neurotoxicity Risk Assessment ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Neurotoxicity risk assessment must continue to evolve in parallel with advances in basic research. Along with this evolution is an expansion in the scope of neurotoxicity assessments of environmental health risks. Examples of this expansion include an increasing emphasis on complex animal models that better replicate human behavior and a wider array of molecular and mechanistic data relevant to interpreting the underlying cause(s) of toxicity. However, modern neurotoxicology studies are often more nuanced and complicated than traditional studies, and they often vary considerably in evaluation methods from one study to the next, impeding comparisons. This can pose particular difficulties for risk assessors, especially given the recent demand for chemical risk assessments to be more systematic and transparent. This presentation will introduce and provide some examples of specific challenges in neurotoxicity assessments of environmental chemicals. Some of these challenges are relatively new to the field, such as the incorporation of data on neuron-supportive glial cells into hazard characterization, while other challenges have persisted for several decades, but only recently are studies being designed to evaluate them, including analyses of latent neurotoxicity. The examples provided illustrate some future research areas of interest for scientists and risk assessors examining human neurotoxicity risk. This abstract will be presented to internal U.S. Food and Drug A

Computational Modeling of Space Physiology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewandowski, Beth E.; Griffin, Devon W.

2016-01-01

The Digital Astronaut Project (DAP), within NASAs Human Research Program, develops and implements computational modeling for use in the mitigation of human health and performance risks associated with long duration spaceflight. Over the past decade, DAP developed models to provide insights into space flight related changes to the central nervous system, cardiovascular system and the musculoskeletal system. Examples of the models and their applications include biomechanical models applied to advanced exercise device development, bone fracture risk quantification for mission planning, accident investigation, bone health standards development, and occupant protection. The International Space Station (ISS), in its role as a testing ground for long duration spaceflight, has been an important platform for obtaining human spaceflight data. DAP has used preflight, in-flight and post-flight data from short and long duration astronauts for computational model development and validation. Examples include preflight and post-flight bone mineral density data, muscle cross-sectional area, and muscle strength measurements. Results from computational modeling supplement space physiology research by informing experimental design. Using these computational models, DAP personnel can easily identify both important factors associated with a phenomenon and areas where data are lacking. This presentation will provide examples of DAP computational models, the data used in model development and validation, and applications of the model.

A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non-stimulant Thermogenic Agents.

PubMed

Stohs, Sidney J; Badmaev, Vladimir

2016-05-01

Obesity and overweight are major health issues. Exercise and calorie intake control are recognized as the primary mechanisms for addressing excess body weight. Naturally occurring thermogenic plant constituents offer adjunct means for assisting in weight management. The controlling mechanisms for thermogenesis offer many intervention points. Thermogenic agents can act through stimulation of the central nervous system with associated adverse cardiovascular effects and through metabolic mechanisms that are non-stimulatory or a combination thereof. Examples of stimulatory thermogenic agents that will be discussed include ephedrine and caffeine. Examples of non-stimulatory thermogenic agents include p-synephrine (bitter orange extract), capsaicin, forskolin (Coleus root extract), and chlorogenic acid (green coffee bean extract). Green tea is an example of a thermogenic with the potential to produce mild but clinically insignificant undesirable stimulatory effects. The use of the aforementioned thermogenic agents in combination with other extracts such as those derived from Salacia reticulata, Sesamum indicum, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Cissus quadrangularis, and Moringa olifera, as well as the use of the carotenoids as lutein and fucoxanthin, and flavonoids as naringin and hesperidin can further facilitate energy metabolism and weight management as well as sports performance without adverse side effects. © 2016 The Authors Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. © 2016 The Authors Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Continual Response Measurement: Design and Validation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baggaley, Jon

1987-01-01

Discusses reliability and validity of continual response measurement (CRM), a computer-based measurement technique, and its use in social science research. Highlights include the importance of criterion-referencing the data, guidelines for designing studies using CRM, examples typifying their deductive and inductive functions, and a discussion of…

77 FR 36489 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-19

... collection methods, including interviews and research, to inform the design, development, and implementation.... For example, information collected from consumers will help the CFPB to design model forms... used for quantitative information collections that are designed to yield statistically significant...

I Got My Degree Through E-Mail.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gubernick, Lisa; Ebeling, Ashlea

1997-01-01

Discusses the growing availability and popularity of online college courses at colleges and universities around the country, with anecdotal examples of student experiences and college policies and pricing, and examination of the advantages and criticisms of the trend, including some research on student outcomes. (MSE)

34 CFR 74.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term “research..., where the Secretary has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and...

43 CFR 12.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term research also... part with Federal funds, where the Federal awarding agency has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is...

34 CFR 74.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term “research..., where the Secretary has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and...

34 CFR 74.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., systems, or methods, including design and development of prototypes and processes. The term “research..., where the Secretary has statutory authority to vest title in the recipient without further obligation to the Federal Government. An example of exempt property authority is contained in the Federal Grant and...

Magnetic and electric fields induce directional response in Steinernema carpocapsae

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Entomopathogenic nematode species respond directionally to various cues including electrical stimuli. For example, in prior research Steinernema carpocapsae was shown to be attracted to an electrical current that was applied to an agar dish. Thus, we hypothesized that these nematodes may use elect...

Green polymer chemistry: Some recent developments and examples

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Green polymer chemistry continues to be a popular field, with many books and publications in print. Research is being conducted in several areas within this field, including: 1) green catalysis, 2) diverse feedstock base, 3) degradable polymers and waste minimization, 4) recycling of polymer produc...

The Flipped Classroom in Counselor Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moran, Kristen; Milsom, Amy

2015-01-01

The flipped classroom is proposed as an effective instructional approach in counselor education. An overview of the flipped-classroom approach, including advantages and disadvantages, is provided. A case example illustrates how the flipped classroom can be applied in counselor education. Recommendations for implementing or researching flipped…

Psychiatry during the Nazi era: ethical lessons for the modern professional

PubMed Central

Strous, Rael D

2007-01-01

For the first time in history, psychiatrists during the Nazi era sought to systematically exterminate their patients. However, little has been published from this dark period analyzing what may be learned for clinical and research psychiatry. At each stage in the murderous process lay a series of unethical and heinous practices, with many psychiatrists demonstrating a profound commitment to the atrocities, playing central, pivotal roles critical to the success of Nazi policy. Several misconceptions led to this misconduct, including allowing philosophical constructs to define clinical practice, focusing exclusively on preventative medicine, allowing political pressures to influence practice, blurring the roles of clinicians and researchers, and falsely believing that good science and good ethics always co-exist. Psychiatry during this period provides a most horrifying example of how science may be perverted by external forces. It thus becomes crucial to include the Nazi era psychiatry experience in ethics training as an example of proper practice gone awry. PMID:17326822

Self-Financing | Climate Neutral Research Campuses | NREL

Science.gov Websites

loan funds. Read examples of how research campuses have used self-financing options to fund the cost of . Read more about revolving loan funds for research campuses. Self-Financing Examples Below are examples Self-Financing Self-Financing Self-financing is a viable option for research campuses with

The scientific research potential of virtual worlds.

PubMed

Bainbridge, William Sims

2007-07-27

Online virtual worlds, electronic environments where people can work and interact in a somewhat realistic manner, have great potential as sites for research in the social, behavioral, and economic sciences, as well as in human-centered computer science. This article uses Second Life and World of Warcraft as two very different examples of current virtual worlds that foreshadow future developments, introducing a number of research methodologies that scientists are now exploring, including formal experimentation, observational ethnography, and quantitative analysis of economic markets or social networks.

Software Reuse Methods to Improve Technological Infrastructure for e-Science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, James J.; Downs, Robert R.; Mattmann, Chris A.

2011-01-01

Social computing has the potential to contribute to scientific research. Ongoing developments in information and communications technology improve capabilities for enabling scientific research, including research fostered by social computing capabilities. The recent emergence of e-Science practices has demonstrated the benefits from improvements in the technological infrastructure, or cyber-infrastructure, that has been developed to support science. Cloud computing is one example of this e-Science trend. Our own work in the area of software reuse offers methods that can be used to improve new technological development, including cloud computing capabilities, to support scientific research practices. In this paper, we focus on software reuse and its potential to contribute to the development and evaluation of information systems and related services designed to support new capabilities for conducting scientific research.

Dissemination and implementation: INQRI's potential impact.

PubMed

Titler, Marita G; Wilson, Deleise S; Resnick, Barbara; Shever, Leah L

2013-04-01

Application of research evidence in care delivery improves patient outcomes. Large gaps still exist, however, between recommended care and that used in practice. To increase the understanding of implementation studies, and dissemination of research findings, we present the perspective of investigators from seven Interdisciplinary Nursing Quality Research Initiative (INQRI)-funded studies. To describe implementation strategies, challenges, and lessons learned from conducting 5 INQRI-funded implementation studies, and present 2 case examples of other INQRI studies to illustrate dissemination strategies. Potential impact of study findings are set forth. Qualitative descriptive methods were used for the implementation studies. Case examples were set forth by investigators using reflection questions. Four of the 5 implementation studies focused on clinical topics and 1 on professional development of nurse managers, 4 were multisite studies. Common implementation strategies used across studies addressed education, ongoing interaction with sites, use of implementation tools, and visibility of the projects on the study units. Major challenges were the Institutional Review Board approval process and the short length of time allocated for implementation. Successes and lessons learned included creating excitement about research, packaging of study tools and resources for use by other organizations, and understanding the importance of context when conducting this type of research. Case examples revealed that study findings have been disseminated to study sites and to the health care community through publications and presentations. The potential impact of all 7 studies is far reaching. This study captures several nuanced perspectives from 5 Principal Investigators, who were completing INQRI-funded implementation studies. These nuanced perspectives are important lessons for other scientists embarking on implementation studies. The INQRI case examples illustrate important dissemination strategies and impact of findings on quality of care.

Biomolecular engineering of intracellular switches in eukaryotes

PubMed Central

Pastuszka, M.K.; Mackay, J.A.

2010-01-01

Tools to selectively and reversibly control gene expression are useful to study and model cellular functions. When optimized, these cellular switches can turn a protein's function “on” and “off” based on cues designated by the researcher. These cues include small molecules, drugs, hormones, and even temperature variations. Here we review three distinct areas in gene expression that are commonly targeted when designing cellular switches. Transcriptional switches target gene expression at the level of mRNA polymerization, with examples including the tetracycline gene induction system as well as nuclear receptors. Translational switches target the process of turning the mRNA signal into protein, with examples including riboswitches and RNA interference. Post-translational switches control how proteins interact with one another to attenuate or relay signals. Examples of post-translational modification include dimerization and intein splicing. In general, the delay times between switch and effect decreases from transcription to translation to post-translation; furthermore, the fastest switches may offer the most elegant opportunities to influence and study cell behavior. We discuss the pros and cons of these strategies, which directly influence their usefulness to study and implement drug targeting at the tissue and cellular level. PMID:21209849

Virtually going green: The role of quantum computational chemistry in reducing pollution and toxicity in chemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevens, Jonathan

2017-07-01

Continuing advances in computational chemistry has permitted quantum mechanical calculation to assist in research in green chemistry and to contribute to the greening of chemical practice. Presented here are recent examples illustrating the contribution of computational quantum chemistry to green chemistry, including the possibility of using computation as a green alternative to experiments, but also illustrating contributions to greener catalysis and the search for greener solvents. Examples of applications of computation to ambitious projects for green synthetic chemistry using carbon dioxide are also presented.

The NASA Electronic Parts and Packaging (NEPP) Program - Presentation to Korean Aerospace Research Institute

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

LaBel, Kenneth A.; Sampson, Michael J.

2016-01-01

This presentation will provide basic information about NASA's Electronic Parts and Packaging Program (NEPP), for sharing with representatives of the South Korean Aerospace Research Institute (KARI) as part of a larger presentation by Headquarters Office of Safety and Mission Assurance. The NEPP information includes mission and goals, history of the program, basic focus areas, strategies, deliverables and some examples of current tasks.

Neal Lane: Confessions of a President's Science Advisor

ScienceCinema

Lane, Neal

2018-01-24

Former science advisor to president Bill Clinton Neal Lane briefly reviews the history of the job of Science Advisor to the President and give some examples of issues he had to deal with when he was in that position, including climate change, stem cell research, the human genome, nanotechnology and research funding. He will also give his opinions about the present and future state of science in the U.S.

Neurolab - A Space Shuttle Mission Dedicated to Neuroscience Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1997-01-01

Session JA5 includes short reports concerning: (1) NASA/NIH Neurolab Collaborations; (2) Neurolab Mission: An Example of International Cooperation; (3) Neurolab: An Overview of the Planned Scientific Investigations; (4) EDEN: A Payload for NEUROLAB, dedicated to Neuro Vestibular Research; (5) Neurolab Experiments on the Role of Visual Cues in Microgravity Spatial Orientation; and (6) The Role of Space in the Exploration of the Mammalian Vestibular System.

Challenges in regulation of biomedical research: The case of Kenya.

PubMed

Wekesa, M

2015-12-01

Unregulated biomedical research has previously caused untold suffering to humankind. History is full of examples of abuse of animal and human subjects for research. Several codes and instruments have been formulated to regulate biomedical research. In Kenya, the Science, Technology and Innovation Act, 2014, together with the Constitution of Kenya, 2010, provide a fairly robust legal framework. Possible challenges include capacity building, overlap of functions of institutions, monitoring and evaluation, scientific/technological advances, intellectual property rights, funding for research, and dispute resolution. It is hoped that the new legislation will adequately address these challenges.

How to use bibliometric methods in evaluation of scientific research? An example from Finnish schizophrenia research.

PubMed

Koskinen, Johanna; Isohanni, Matti; Paajala, Henna; Jääskeläinen, Erika; Nieminen, Pentti; Koponen, Hannu; Tienari, Pekka; Miettunen, Jouko

2008-01-01

We present bibliometric methods that can be utilized in evaluation processes of scientific work. In this paper, we present some practical clues using Finnish schizophrenia research as an example and comparing the research output of different institutions. Bibliometric data and indicators including publication counts, impact factors and received citations were used as tools for evaluating research performance in Finnish schizophrenia research. The articles and citations were searched from the Web of Science database. We used schizophrenia as a keyword and defined address Finland, and limited years to 1996-2005. When we analysed Finnish schizophrenia research, altogether 265 articles met our criteria. There were differences in impact factors and received citations between institutions. The number of annually published Finnish schizophrenia articles has tripled since the mid-1990s. International co-operation was common (43%). Bibliometric methods revealed differences between institutions, indicating that the methods can be applied in research evaluation. The coverage of databases as well as the precision of their search engines can be seen as limitations. Bibliometric methods offer a practical and impartial way to estimate publication profiles of researchers and research groups. According to our experience, these methods can be used as an evaluation instrument in research together with other methods, such as expert opinions and panels.

Setting research priorities by applying the combined approach matrix.

PubMed

Ghaffar, Abdul

2009-04-01

Priority setting in health research is a dynamic process. Different organizations and institutes have been working in the field of research priority setting for many years. In 1999 the Global Forum for Health Research presented a research priority setting tool called the Combined Approach Matrix or CAM. Since its development, the CAM has been successfully applied to set research priorities for diseases, conditions and programmes at global, regional and national levels. This paper briefly explains the CAM methodology and how it could be applied in different settings, giving examples and describing challenges encountered in the process of setting research priorities and providing recommendations for further work in this field. The construct and design of the CAM is explained along with different steps needed, including planning and organization of a priority-setting exercise and how it could be applied in different settings. The application of the CAM are described by using three examples. The first concerns setting research priorities for a global programme, the second describes application at the country level and the third setting research priorities for diseases. Effective application of the CAM in different and diverse environments proves its utility as a tool for setting research priorities. Potential challenges encountered in the process of research priority setting are discussed and some recommendations for further work in this field are provided.

Advancing the State of the Art in Applying Network Science to C2

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

technological networks to include information , cognitive and social networks, they have yet to apply the full range of theoretical instruments now...robustness, and processes. While NEC researchers extended their coverage from technological networks to include information , cognitive and social networks...can be found in a wide variety of domains. For example, Newman (2003) surveys work on biological, technological , information , and social networks

Garlic: empiricism or science?

PubMed

Aviello, Gabriella; Abenavoli, Ludovico; Borrelli, Francesca; Capasso, Raffaele; Izzo, Angelo Antonio; Lembo, Francesca; Romano, Barbara; Capasso, Francesco

2009-12-01

Garlic (Allium sativum L. fam. Alliaceae) is one of the best-researched, best-selling herbal remedies and is also commonly used as a food and a spice. Garlic constituents include enzymes (for example, alliinase) and sulfur-containing compounds, including alliin, and compounds produced enzymatically from alliin (for example, allicin). Traditionally, it has been employed to treat infections, wounds, diarrhea, rheumatism, heart disease, diabetes, and many other disorders. Experimentally, it has been shown to exert antilipidemic, antihypertensive, antineoplastic, antibacterial, immunostimulant and hypoglycemic actions. Clinically, garlic has been evaluated for a number of conditions, including hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, intermittent claudication, diabetes, rheumatoid arthritis, common cold, as an insect repellent, and for the prevention of arteriosclerosis and cancer. Systematic reviews are available for the possible antilipidemic, antihypertensive, antithrombotic and chemopreventive effects. However, the clinical evidence is far from compelling. Garlic appears to be generally safe although allergic reactions may occur.

Preparation of Term Papers Based upon a Research-Process Model.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feldmann, Rodney Mansfield; Schloman, Barbara Frick

1990-01-01

Described is an alternative method of term paper preparation which provides a step-by-step sequence of assignments and provides feedback to the students at all stages in the preparation of the report. An example of this model is provided including 13 sequential assignments. (CW)

Teaching Information Skills: Recording Information.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pappas, Marjorie L.

2002-01-01

Discusses how to teach students in primary and intermediate grades to record and organize information. Highlights include developing a research question; collaborative planning between teachers and library media specialists; consistency of data entry; and an example of a unit on animal migration based on an appropriate Web site. (LRW)

Teaching Common Errors in Applying a Procedure.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marcone, Stephen; Reigeluth, Charles M.

1988-01-01

Discusses study that investigated whether or not the teaching of matched examples and nonexamples in the form of common errors could improve student performance in undergraduate music theory courses. Highlights include hypotheses tested, pretests and posttests, and suggestions for further research with different age groups. (19 references)…

15 CFR 4.11 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... benefits). Not included in direct costs are overhead expenses such as the costs of space, heating, or... the form of paper, microform, audiovisual materials, or electronic records (for example, magnetic tape... scholarly research. To be in this category, a requester must show that the request is authorized by and is...

15 CFR 4.11 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... benefits). Not included in direct costs are overhead expenses such as the costs of space, heating, or... the form of paper, microform, audiovisual materials, or electronic records (for example, magnetic tape... scholarly research. To be in this category, a requester must show that the request is authorized by and is...

15 CFR 4.11 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... benefits). Not included in direct costs are overhead expenses such as the costs of space, heating, or... the form of paper, microform, audiovisual materials, or electronic records (for example, magnetic tape... scholarly research. To be in this category, a requester must show that the request is authorized by and is...

15 CFR 4.11 - Fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... benefits). Not included in direct costs are overhead expenses such as the costs of space, heating, or... the form of paper, microform, audiovisual materials, or electronic records (for example, magnetic tape... scholarly research. To be in this category, a requester must show that the request is authorized by and is...

Lexical Innovation in Ghanaian English.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bamiro, Edmund O.

An analysis of lexical innovation in Ghanaian English uses ten linguistic categories identified in earlier research on Nigerian English, offering an explanation of each category and a number of examples. The categories include: loanshifts (English words manipulated to produce and transmit meanings beyond purely denotative reference and conveying a…

Aesthetic Encounters and Learning in the Museum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, David Raymond

2017-01-01

This article discusses how museum settings can provide opportunities for sensory and aesthetic encounters and learning. It draws on research into museum education programmes that included examinations of curatorial construction and display, observations of teaching and open-ended interviews with museum educators. The examples selected here focus…

Outreach Education To Private and Government Sectors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spranger, Michael

1998-01-01

Describes outreach elements of Sea Grant College Programs. Staff serve as intellectual resources and partners with agencies and industry. Examples include the marine advisory service program (extension program), where advisory specialists and coastal field agents report information and research results to the marine community, and a communication…

Schoolwide Screening and Programs of Positive Behavior Support: Informing Universal Interventions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marchant, Michelle; Anderson, Darlene H.; Caldarella, Paul; Fisher, Adam; Young, Benjamin J.; Young, K. Richard

2009-01-01

Researchers have suggested that screening, identification, and treatment are important components of comprehensive systems of positive behavior support. The authors highlight a procedure for using multiple data sources to develop strategies at the universal intervention level. Examples of schoolwide assessments include interviews, observations,…

7 CFR 3406.16 - Scope of a research proposal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... prepared their proposals. (a) Studies and experimentation in food and agricultural sciences. (1) The... social sciences that comprise the food and agricultural sciences. (2) Examples include, but are not..., housing, and life-style choices, and of community strategies for meeting the changing needs of different...

7 CFR 3406.16 - Scope of a research proposal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... prepared their proposals. (a) Studies and experimentation in food and agricultural sciences. (1) The... social sciences that comprise the food and agricultural sciences. (2) Examples include, but are not..., housing, and life-style choices, and of community strategies for meeting the changing needs of different...

7 CFR 3406.16 - Scope of a research proposal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... prepared their proposals. (a) Studies and experimentation in food and agricultural sciences. (1) The... social sciences that comprise the food and agricultural sciences. (2) Examples include, but are not..., housing, and life-style choices, and of community strategies for meeting the changing needs of different...

7 CFR 3406.16 - Scope of a research proposal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... prepared their proposals. (a) Studies and experimentation in food and agricultural sciences. (1) The... social sciences that comprise the food and agricultural sciences. (2) Examples include, but are not..., housing, and life-style choices, and of community strategies for meeting the changing needs of different...

Mode 2 Knowledge Production in the Context of Medical Research: A Call for Further Clarifications.

PubMed

Soofi, Hojjat

2018-03-01

The traditional researcher-driven environment of medical knowledge production is losing its dominance with the expansion of, for instance, community-based participatory or participant-led medical research. Over the past few decades, sociologists of science have debated a shift in the production of knowledge from traditional discipline-based (Mode 1) to more socially embedded and transdisciplinary frameworks (Mode 2). Recently, scholars have tried to show the relevance of Mode 2 knowledge production to medical research. However, the existing literature lacks detailed clarifications on how a model of Mode 2 knowledge production can be constructed in the context of medical research. This paper calls for such further clarifications. As a heuristic means, the advocacy for a controversial experimental stem cell therapy (Stamina) is examined. It is discussed that the example cannot be considered a step towards Mode 2 medical knowledge production. Nonetheless, the example brings to the fore some complexities of medical knowledge production that need to be further examined including: (1) the shifting landscape of defining and addressing vulnerability of research participants, (2) the emerging overlap between research and practice, and (3) public health implications of revising the standard notions of quality control and accountability.

Do self-report instruments allow meaningful comparisons across diverse population groups? Testing measurement invariance using the confirmatory factor analysis framework.

PubMed

Gregorich, Steven E

2006-11-01

Comparative public health research makes wide use of self-report instruments. For example, research identifying and explaining health disparities across demographic strata may seek to understand the health effects of patient attitudes or private behaviors. Such personal attributes are difficult or impossible to observe directly and are often best measured by self-reports. Defensible use of self-reports in quantitative comparative research requires not only that the measured constructs have the same meaning across groups, but also that group comparisons of sample estimates (eg, means and variances) reflect true group differences and are not contaminated by group-specific attributes that are unrelated to the construct of interest. Evidence for these desirable properties of measurement instruments can be established within the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) framework; a nested hierarchy of hypotheses is tested that addresses the cross-group invariance of the instrument's psychometric properties. By name, these hypotheses include configural, metric (or pattern), strong (or scalar), and strict factorial invariance. The CFA model and each of these hypotheses are described in nontechnical language. A worked example and technical appendices are included.

Integration of electro-optical mechanical systems and medicine: where are we and where can we go?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gourley, Mark F.; Gourley, Paul L.

1997-03-01

The marriage of microfabricated materials with microbiological systems will allow advances in medicine to proceed at an unprecedented pace. Biomedical research is placing new demands on speed and limits of detection to assay body tissues and fluids. Emerging microfabricated chip technologies from the engineering community offer researchers novel types of analysis of human samples. In guiding these developments, the ability to swiftly and accurately gain useful information for identification and establish a diagnosis, is of utmost importance. Current examples of such technology include DNA amplification and analysis, and fluorescent cell analysis by flow cytometry. Potential applications include the development of rapid techniques for examining large number of cells in tissue or in blood. These could serve as screening tools for the detection and quantification of abnormal cell types; for example malignant or HIV infected cells. Micro/nanofabrication methods will make these devices compact, providing access of this technology to point of care providers; in a clinic, ambulance, or on a battlefield. Currently, these tools are in the construction phase. Upon delivery to researchers, validation of these instruments leads to clinical demand that requires approval from the Food and Drug Administration. This paper outlines criteria that successful devices must satisfy.

College Students' Conceptions of Stem Cells, Stem Cell Research, and Cloning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Concannon, James P.; Siegel, Marcelle A.; Halverson, Kristy; Freyermuth, Sharyn

2010-04-01

In this study, we examined 96 undergraduate non-science majors' conceptions of stem cells, stem cell research, and cloning. This study was performed at a large, Midwest, research extensive university. Participants in the study were asked to answer 23 questions relating to stem cells, stem cell research, and cloning in an on-line assessment before and after instruction. Two goals of the instruction were to: (1) help students construct accurate scientific ideas, and (2) enhance their reasoning about socioscientific issues. The course structure included interactive lectures, case discussions, hands-on activities, and independent projects. Overall, students' understandings of stem cells, stem cell research, and cloning increased from pre-test to post-test. For example, on the post-test, students gained knowledge concerning the age of an organism related to the type of stem cell it possesses. However, we found that some incorrect ideas that were evident on the pre-test persisted after instruction. For example, before and after instruction several students maintained the idea that stem cells can currently be used to produce organs.

Tools and collaborative environments for bioinformatics research

PubMed Central

Giugno, Rosalba; Pulvirenti, Alfredo

2011-01-01

Advanced research requires intensive interaction among a multitude of actors, often possessing different expertise and usually working at a distance from each other. The field of collaborative research aims to establish suitable models and technologies to properly support these interactions. In this article, we first present the reasons for an interest of Bioinformatics in this context by also suggesting some research domains that could benefit from collaborative research. We then review the principles and some of the most relevant applications of social networking, with a special attention to networks supporting scientific collaboration, by also highlighting some critical issues, such as identification of users and standardization of formats. We then introduce some systems for collaborative document creation, including wiki systems and tools for ontology development, and review some of the most interesting biological wikis. We also review the principles of Collaborative Development Environments for software and show some examples in Bioinformatics. Finally, we present the principles and some examples of Learning Management Systems. In conclusion, we try to devise some of the goals to be achieved in the short term for the exploitation of these technologies. PMID:21984743

Women in HIV cure research: multilevel interventions to improve sex equity in recruitment.

PubMed

Grewe, Mary E; Ma, Yuntong; Gilbertson, Adam; Rennie, Stuart; Tucker, Joseph D

Women are underrepresented in HIV cure research. In this paper we discuss the rationale for including women and propose multilevel strategies to improve sex equity in HIV cure research. The inadequate inclusion of women in HIV cure research is concerning for both scientific and ethical reasons. Biological responses to HIV and HIV treatment, as well as social contexts, differ between men and women, and this may affect the efficacy of curative interventions. Strategies for improving sex equity in HIV cure research include addressing eligibility criteria, adapting recruitment strategies, engaging community members early in the research process, and promoting funder policy changes. We conclude by describing the Gender, Race, and Clinical Experience (GRACE) study, which is one example of how women can be effectively recruited into HIV-related clinical trials. While HIV cure research is currently in the early stages, as it continues to develop it is important to mobilise for adequate inclusion of women.

The allure of mass spectrometry: From an earlyday chemist's perspective

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

1 This reminiscing review article is an account of the author's fascination and involvements with mass spectrometry from the perspective of an organic chemist with an interest in natural product chemistry. It covers a period from 1961 through the mid 1990s as mass spectrometry evolved form a novelty technique to become a most widely used analytical technique. Following a brief synopsis of my pathway to mass spectrometry, my research efforts in this field are presented with a focus mainly on evolving principles and technologies which I had personal involvements with. To provide historical perspectives, discussions of these developments are accompanied by brief outlines of the relevant state‐of‐the‐art, shedding light on the technical and conceptual challenges encountered during those early days in mass spectrometry. Examples are presented of my involvements with basic and applied research in mass spectrometry during graduate studies at Stanford University and close to three decade tenure in pharmaceutical research at Syntex Research. My basic research interests focused mainly on principles of electron ionization induced fragmentation mechanisms, with an emphasis on steroids and other model compounds. Extensive deuterium labeling evidence was used to determine the fragmentation mechanisms of the diagnostically significant ions in the spectra of numerous model compounds, uncovering examples of wide‐ranging hydrogen transfers, skeletal rearrangements, methyl and phenyl migrations, stereoselective fragmentations and low and high energy fragmentation processes. Depiction of the industrial research phase of my career includes comments on the pivotal role mass spectrometry played on advancing modern pharmaceutical research. Examples are presented of involvements with instrumental developments and a few select cases of applied research, including studies of bile mechanisms in vertebrates, identification of bisphenol‐A leaching from sterilized polycarbonate containers, high sensitivity TCDD analyses and other projects. Reflecting on my services for the mass spectrometry society, involvements with the co‐founding and 12 year chairing of the Asilomar Conference on Mass Spectrometry and founding of the Bay Area Mass Spectrometry regional MS discussion group, as part of my services for the mass spectrometry community, are presented in some detail. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:520–542, 2017 PMID:26999732

The allure of mass spectrometry: From an earlyday chemist's perspective.

PubMed

Tőkés, László

2017-07-01

This reminiscing review article is an account of the author's fascination and involvements with mass spectrometry from the perspective of an organic chemist with an interest in natural product chemistry. It covers a period from 1961 through the mid 1990s as mass spectrometry evolved form a novelty technique to become a most widely used analytical technique. Following a brief synopsis of my pathway to mass spectrometry, my research efforts in this field are presented with a focus mainly on evolving principles and technologies which I had personal involvements with. To provide historical perspectives, discussions of these developments are accompanied by brief outlines of the relevant state-of-the-art, shedding light on the technical and conceptual challenges encountered during those early days in mass spectrometry. Examples are presented of my involvements with basic and applied research in mass spectrometry during graduate studies at Stanford University and close to three decade tenure in pharmaceutical research at Syntex Research. My basic research interests focused mainly on principles of electron ionization induced fragmentation mechanisms, with an emphasis on steroids and other model compounds. Extensive deuterium labeling evidence was used to determine the fragmentation mechanisms of the diagnostically significant ions in the spectra of numerous model compounds, uncovering examples of wide-ranging hydrogen transfers, skeletal rearrangements, methyl and phenyl migrations, stereoselective fragmentations and low and high energy fragmentation processes. Depiction of the industrial research phase of my career includes comments on the pivotal role mass spectrometry played on advancing modern pharmaceutical research. Examples are presented of involvements with instrumental developments and a few select cases of applied research, including studies of bile mechanisms in vertebrates, identification of bisphenol-A leaching from sterilized polycarbonate containers, high sensitivity TCDD analyses and other projects. Reflecting on my services for the mass spectrometry society, involvements with the co-founding and 12 year chairing of the Asilomar Conference on Mass Spectrometry and founding of the Bay Area Mass Spectrometry regional MS discussion group, as part of my services for the mass spectrometry community, are presented in some detail. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Mass Spec Rev 36:520-542, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Mass Spectrometry Reviews Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

From Research to Radio: How to Talk to a Science Reporter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bentley, M. C.

2006-12-01

While there can be misunderstanding between scientists and journalists in communicating scientific research and, in particular, the realities of climate change, the communication gulf is wider between scientists/journalists and the public. Scientists may not be aware just how a journalist decides when and how to report on scientific research so that it might have an impact on the audience since these considerations are not those made when writing a paper for scientists' peers - or, in turn, how scientists can work with reporters to communicate more effectively the significance of their work. For example, polls have shown that while the majority of the American public is aware of climate change, they feel no urgency about it, or feel helpless as to how to respond. A newspaper article that includes new research into increased melt of Artic glaciers, that also includes the relevance the changes have to the individual living outside the Arctic, and how the public might take action, may help scientists break through the psychological barrier that prevents the public from absorbing the consequences of a changing climate. It is also important that scientists describe their research in language that a lay public can understand, without the jargon familiar only to scientists within a particular circle of research. In this talk I will describe my experience reporting on science and climate change for the BBC as to what frustrations reporters have in interviewing scientists, what misconceptions scientists may have about how journalism work, and what scientists should keep in mind when talking to reporters so that both groups can work together to communicate more effectively to the public. I will include audio examples from my radio work, whose concepts are relevant also to other media.

Women Working in Engineering and Science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luna, Bernadette; Kliss, Mark (Technical Monitor)

1998-01-01

The presentation will focus on topics of interest to young women pursuing an engineering or scientific career, such as intrinsic personality traits of most engineers, average salaries for the various types of engineers, appropriate preparation classes at the high school and undergraduate levels, gaining experience through internships, summer jobs and graduate school, skills necessary but not always included in engineering curricula (i.e., multimedia, computer skills, communication skills), the work environment, balancing family and career, and sexual harassment. Specific examples from the speaker's own experience in NASA's Space Life Sciences Program will be used to illustrate the above topics. In particular, projects from Extravehicular Activity and Protective Systems research and Regenerative Life Support research will be used as examples of real world problem-solving to enable human exploration of the solar system.

Nanomaterials in preventive dentistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hannig, Matthias; Hannig, Christian

2010-08-01

The prevention of tooth decay and the treatment of lesions and cavities are ongoing challenges in dentistry. In recent years, biomimetic approaches have been used to develop nanomaterials for inclusion in a variety of oral health-care products. Examples include liquids and pastes that contain nano-apatites for biofilm management at the tooth surface, and products that contain nanomaterials for the remineralization of early submicrometre-sized enamel lesions. However, the treatment of larger visible cavities with nanomaterials is still at the research stage. Here, we review progress in the development of nanomaterials for different applications in preventive dentistry and research, including clinical trials.

Consent Processes for Mobile App Mediated Research: Systematic Review.

PubMed

Moore, Sarah; Tassé, Anne-Marie; Thorogood, Adrian; Winship, Ingrid; Zawati, Ma'n; Doerr, Megan

2017-08-30

Since the launch of ResearchKit on the iOS platform in March 2015 and ResearchStack on the Android platform in June 2016, many academic and commercial institutions around the world have adapted these frameworks to develop mobile app-based research studies. These studies cover a wide variety of subject areas including melanoma, cardiomyopathy, and autism. Additionally, these app-based studies target a variety of participant populations, including children and pregnant women. The aim of this review was to document the variety of self-administered remote informed consent processes used in app-based research studies available between May and September 2016. Remote consent is defined as any consenting process with zero in-person steps, when a participant is able to join a study without ever seeing a member of the research team. This type of review has not been previously conducted. The research community would benefit from a rigorous interrogation of the types of consent taken as part of the seismic shift to entirely mobile meditated research studies. This review examines both the process of information giving and specific content shared, with special attention to data privacy, aggregation, and sharing. Consistency across some elements of the app-based consent processes was found; for example, informing participants about how data will be curated from the phone. Variations in other elements were identified; for example, where specific information is shared and the level of detail disclosed. Additionally, several novel elements present in eConsent not typically seen in traditional consent for research were highlighted. This review advocates the importance of participant informedness in a novel and largely unregulated research setting. ©Sarah Moore, Anne-Marie Tassé, Adrian Thorogood, Ingrid Winship, Ma'n Zawati, Megan Doerr. Originally published in JMIR Mhealth and Uhealth (http://mhealth.jmir.org), 30.08.2017.

Consent Processes for Mobile App Mediated Research: Systematic Review

PubMed Central

Tassé, Anne-Marie; Thorogood, Adrian; Winship, Ingrid; Zawati, Ma'n; Doerr, Megan

2017-01-01

Background Since the launch of ResearchKit on the iOS platform in March 2015 and ResearchStack on the Android platform in June 2016, many academic and commercial institutions around the world have adapted these frameworks to develop mobile app-based research studies. These studies cover a wide variety of subject areas including melanoma, cardiomyopathy, and autism. Additionally, these app-based studies target a variety of participant populations, including children and pregnant women. Objective The aim of this review was to document the variety of self-administered remote informed consent processes used in app-based research studies available between May and September 2016. Remote consent is defined as any consenting process with zero in-person steps, when a participant is able to join a study without ever seeing a member of the research team. This type of review has not been previously conducted. The research community would benefit from a rigorous interrogation of the types of consent taken as part of the seismic shift to entirely mobile meditated research studies. Methods This review examines both the process of information giving and specific content shared, with special attention to data privacy, aggregation, and sharing. Results Consistency across some elements of the app-based consent processes was found; for example, informing participants about how data will be curated from the phone. Variations in other elements were identified; for example, where specific information is shared and the level of detail disclosed. Additionally, several novel elements present in eConsent not typically seen in traditional consent for research were highlighted. Conclusions This review advocates the importance of participant informedness in a novel and largely unregulated research setting. PMID:28855147

IFLA General Conference, 1985. Division of General Research Libraries. Section on Parliamentary Libraries. Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Federation of Library Associations, The Hague (Netherlands).

Papers on parliamentary libraries which were presented at the 1985 International Federation of Library Associations (IFLA) conference include: (1) "Cooperation among Parliamentary Libraries--Example: Federal Republic of Germany" (Wolfgang Dietz, West Germany); (2) "Cooperative Development in Action: Towards an Australian Parliamentary Information…

Indexing the Comics: A Librarian's Perspective on Comics Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Randall W.

The potential for computers in indexing popular fiction study materials is discussed, and specific examples of comic book indexing are provided through descriptions of projects and a bibliography. The 4-stage evolutionary development of popular fiction studies includes: (1) discovery and reading; (2) bibliography and collecting; (3) cataloging and…

Organizational Justice as a Framework for Understanding Union-Management Relations in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poole, Wendy L.

2007-01-01

In this article, I have conceptualized union-management relations using an organizational justice framework. I consider organizational justice theory, including distributive, procedural, interactional, and what I call relational justice perspectives. Utilizing examples from my experience and research, I illustrate and discuss various forms of…

Social Capital and Vulnerability from the Family, Neighborhood, School, and Community Perspectives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Bonita; Le Menestrel, Suzanne M.

2013-01-01

This article reviews research and offers program examples for developing social capital in youth with a range of vulnerabilities: emotional, physical, social, and developmental. Protective factors provided by developing social capital at the individual level include access to support networks, transition to employment, and community connectedness.…

On Transitions between Representations: The Role of Contextual Reasoning in Calculus Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zazkis, Dov

2016-01-01

This article argues for a shift in how researchers discuss and examine students' uses and understandings of multiple representations within a calculus context. An extension of Zazkis, Dubinsky, and Dautermann's (1996) visualization/analysis framework to include contextual reasoning is proposed. Several examples that detail transitions between…

Standards: The Keys to Domestic and International Competitiveness.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hunter, Robert D.

1993-01-01

Demonstrates the importance of standards for the competitiveness of U.S. companies and for international trade. The value of standards in research and development, marketing, design, purchasing, manufacturing, installation, and service is explained. Examples of specific standards and their application to the computer industry are included. (10…

Computers as Teaching Tools: Some Examples and Guidelines.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beins, Bernard C.

The use of computers in the classroom has been touted as an important innovation in education. This article features some recently developed software for use in teaching psychology and different approaches to classroom computer use. Uses of software packages for psychological research designs are included as are applications and limitations of…

Incorporating Trauma-Informed Care into School-Based Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martin, Sandra L.; Ashley, Olivia Silber; White, LeBretia; Axelson, Sarah; Clark, Marc; Burrus, Barri

2017-01-01

Background: This article provides an overview of the rationale and process for incorporating trauma-informed approaches into US school-based programs, using school-based adolescent pregnancy prevention programs as an example. Methods: Research literature is reviewed on the prevalence and outcomes of childhood trauma, including the links between…

Education for Eminence: Some Childhood Traits May Predict Adult Eminence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walberg, Herbert J.; Wynne, Edward A.

1993-01-01

This article distills from research five childhood activities typically associated with adult eminence, including working diligently, absorbing information, engaging others constructively, choosing goals carefully, and completing difficult tasks. Examples from the lives of eminent men and women are provided, such as Jane Adams, Thomas Jefferson,…

Geometry Laboratory (GEOLAB) surface modeling and grid generation technology and services

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kerr, Patricia A.; Smith, Robert E.; Posenau, Mary-Anne K.

1995-01-01

The facilities and services of the GEOmetry LABoratory (GEOLAB) at the NASA Langley Research Center are described. Included in this description are the laboratory functions, the surface modeling and grid generation technologies used in the laboratory, and examples of the tasks performed in the laboratory.

Tracking the Integration of Library Skills in the Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gill, Suzanne L.

2003-01-01

Describes the use of IMSeries software, a relational database capable of implementing curriculum design, in an elementary school. Topics include Big6 research skills; tracking the scope and sequence of curriculum; tying library skills to curricular disciplines; information literacy; and examples of a lesson unit and assessment strategy. (LRW)

45 CFR 2522.700 - How does evaluation differ from performance measurement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... progress, evaluation uses scientifically-based research methods to assess the effectiveness of programs by... the reading ability of students in a program over time to a similar group of students not... example, a performance measure for a literacy program may include the percentage of students receiving...

Wiki Laboratory Notebooks: Supporting Student Learning in Collaborative Inquiry-Based Laboratory Experiments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lawrie, Gwendolyn Angela; Grøndahl, Lisbeth; Boman, Simon; Andrews, Trish

2016-01-01

Recent examples of high-impact teaching practices in the undergraduate chemistry laboratory that include course-based undergraduate research experiences and inquiry-based experiments require new approaches to assessing individual student learning outcomes. Instructors require tools and strategies that can provide them with insight into individual…

Cancer and Intellectual Disability: A Review of Some Key Contextual Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogg, James; Tuffrey-Wijne, Irene

2008-01-01

Research into the health of people with intellectual disabilities has increasingly focused on the occurrence of cancer in this population. Information on the incidence and prevalence of cancer is reviewed in both institutional and community settings. Examples of environmental causation are considered including "Helicobacter pylori."…

Alternative Fuels Data Center: Multi-Modal Transportation

Science.gov Websites

examples of resources to help travelers use multi-modal transportation. OpenTripPlanner Map - an online transportation modes including transit (bus or train), walking, and bicycling 511 - a one-stop source from the of alternative transportation modes. A 2010 evaluation by the Oregon Transportation Research and

Designing Cognitive Complexity in Mathematical Problem-Solving Items

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daniel, Robert C.; Embretson, Susan E.

2010-01-01

Cognitive complexity level is important for measuring both aptitude and achievement in large-scale testing. Tests for standards-based assessment of mathematics, for example, often include cognitive complexity level in the test blueprint. However, little research exists on how mathematics items can be designed to vary in cognitive complexity level.…

44 CFR 5.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., designs, drawings, research data, computer programs, technical data packages, and the like, which are not... obligation to protect the property value of the material, as, for example, may be true for patent information.... (c) Agency. Agency, as defined in section 552(e) of title 5 U.S.C., includes any executive department...

44 CFR 5.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., designs, drawings, research data, computer programs, technical data packages, and the like, which are not... obligation to protect the property value of the material, as, for example, may be true for patent information.... (c) Agency. Agency, as defined in section 552(e) of title 5 U.S.C., includes any executive department...

44 CFR 5.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., designs, drawings, research data, computer programs, technical data packages, and the like, which are not... obligation to protect the property value of the material, as, for example, may be true for patent information.... (c) Agency. Agency, as defined in section 552(e) of title 5 U.S.C., includes any executive department...

44 CFR 5.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., designs, drawings, research data, computer programs, technical data packages, and the like, which are not... obligation to protect the property value of the material, as, for example, may be true for patent information.... (c) Agency. Agency, as defined in section 552(e) of title 5 U.S.C., includes any executive department...

7 CFR 3406.13 - Content of a teaching proposal.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... design or a main thesis of the proposal, such information may be included in an Appendix. Examples of....13 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) COOPERATIVE STATE RESEARCH... for the applicant institution. (3) The title of the teaching project shown on the “Higher Education...

The Merits of Using Longitudinal Mediation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jose, Paul E.

2016-01-01

Many of the mediation analyses reported in the literature are based on concurrent or single-occasion data sets. The 2 overarching themes of the present article are: Results of concurrent mediations are inherently ambiguous, and researchers would be wise to conduct mediations on longitudinal data sets instead. An example included here demonstrates…

77 FR 24455 - Submission for OMB Review; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-24

...: The primary function of the Economic Research Service (ERS) is to provide economic and social science..., filing of petitions and applications and agency #0;statements of organization and functions are examples... performance of the functions of the agency, including whether the information will have practical utility; (b...

Quantifying uncertainty in forest nutrient budgets

Treesearch

Ruth D. Yanai; Carrie R. Levine; Mark B. Green; John L. Campbell

2012-01-01

Nutrient budgets for forested ecosystems have rarely included error analysis, in spite of the importance of uncertainty to interpretation and extrapolation of the results. Uncertainty derives from natural spatial and temporal variation and also from knowledge uncertainty in measurement and models. For example, when estimating forest biomass, researchers commonly report...

7 CFR 1486.209 - How are program applications evaluated and approved?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... or new uses. Examples include food service development, market research on potential for consumer... MARKETS PROGRAM Eligibility, Applications, and Funding § 1486.209 How are program applications evaluated... affecting the level of U.S. exports and market share for the agricultural commodity/product; (4) The degree...

Body Awareness and Movement for Students with Multiple Disabilities Including Visual Impairments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DePountis, Vicki; Cady, Deborah; Hallak, Tracy

2013-01-01

This conference presentation examines concept development for congenitally blind students. It presents current research on best-practice for teaching this population. Examples of strategies to reinforce understanding of body concepts, spatial awareness, and positional language, while promoting mirroring, self regulation, and purposeful movement to…

Educating Boys: Tempering Rhetoric with Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Froese-Germain, Bernie

2006-01-01

In the context of boys' declining academic achievement in schools in relation to girls, this article highlights some critical issues arising from the debate on boys' education. The emphasis is on the contribution of feminist analysis and other perspectives to broaden and contextualize the debate. This includes, for example, the need to carefully…

Using Monolingual and Bilingual Corpora in Lexicography

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miangah, Tayebeh Mosavi

2009-01-01

Constructing and exploiting different types of corpora are among computer applications exposed to the researchers in different branches of science including lexicography. In lexicography, different types of corpora may be of great help in finding the most appropriate uses of words and expressions by referring to numerous examples and citations.…

When Laws Solve Problems That Do Not Exist: Transgender Rights in the Nation's Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corbat, Josh

2017-01-01

Time and again research has shown that schools in which students feel safe and included promote academic achievement and overall student health (see, for example, Greytak, Kosciw, Villenas, & Giga, 2016; Michael, Merlo, Basch, Wentzel, & Wechsler, 2015). Parent networks, community organizations, and school boards nationwide continuously…

A Qualitative Research on Example Generation Capabilities of University Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saglam, Yasemin; Dost, Senol

2016-01-01

Examples which are used in exploring a procedure or comprehending/concretizing a mathematical concept are powerful teaching tools. Generating examples other than conventional ones is both a means for research and a pedagogical method. The aim of this study is to determine the transition process between example generation strategies, and the…

The International Max Planck Research Schools for Molecular Biology and Neurosciences in Gttingen (Germany) as Examples for Joint Doctoral Training by a German University and Its Non-University Partners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burkhardt, Steffen; Neher, Erwin

2008-01-01

New concepts of higher education have recently been implemented through the MSc/PhD programmes in Molecular Biology and Neurosciences in the International Max Planck Research Schools, due to close cooperation between the University of Gttingen, three Max Planck Institutes and the German Primate Centre. The novel measures include a three stage…

ALMA from the Users' Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Johnson, Kelsey

2010-05-01

After decades of dreaming and preparation, the call for early science with ALMA is just around the corner. The goal of this talk is to illustrate the process of preparing and carrying out a research program with ALMA. This presentation will step through the user interface for proposal preparation, proposal review, project tracking, data acquisition, and post-processing. Examples of the software tools, including the simulator and spectral line catalog, will be included.

Surrogate end points in clinical research: hazardous to your health.

PubMed

Grimes, David A; Schulz, Kenneth F

2005-05-01

Surrogate end points in clinical research pose real danger. A surrogate end point is an outcome measure, commonly a laboratory test, that substitutes for a clinical event of true importance. Resistance to activated protein C, for example, has been used as a surrogate for venous thrombosis in women using oral contraceptives. Other examples of inappropriate surrogate end points in contraception include the postcoital test instead of pregnancy to evaluate new spermicides, breakage and slippage instead of pregnancy to evaluate condoms, and bone mineral density instead of fracture to assess the safety of depo-medroxyprogesterone acetate. None of these markers captures the effect of the treatment on the true outcome. A valid surrogate end point must both correlate with and accurately predict the outcome of interest. Although many surrogate markers correlate with an outcome, few have been shown to capture the effect of a treatment (for example, oral contraceptives) on the outcome (venous thrombosis). As a result, thousands of useless and misleading reports on surrogate end points litter the medical literature. New drugs have been shown to benefit a surrogate marker, but, paradoxically, triple the risk of death. Thousands of patients have died needlessly because of reliance on invalid surrogate markers. Researchers should avoid surrogate end points unless they have been validated; that requires at least one well done trial using both the surrogate and true outcome. The clinical maxim that "a difference to be a difference must make a difference" applies to research as well. Clinical research should focus on outcomes that matter.

Teaching and learning recursive programming: a review of the research literature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McCauley, Renée; Grissom, Scott; Fitzgerald, Sue; Murphy, Laurie

2015-01-01

Hundreds of articles have been published on the topics of teaching and learning recursion, yet fewer than 50 of them have published research results. This article surveys the computing education research literature and presents findings on challenges students encounter in learning recursion, mental models students develop as they learn recursion, and best practices in introducing recursion. Effective strategies for introducing the topic include using different contexts such as recurrence relations, programming examples, fractal images, and a description of how recursive methods are processed using a call stack. Several studies compared the efficacy of introducing iteration before recursion and vice versa. The paper concludes with suggestions for future research into how students learn and understand recursion, including a look at the possible impact of instructor attitude and newer pedagogies.

Perpetual Model Validation

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

models of software execution, for example memory access patterns, to check for security intrusions. Additional research was performed to tackle the...considered using indirect models of software execution, for example memory access patterns, to check for security intrusions. Additional research ...deterioration for example , no longer corresponds to the model used during verification time. Finally, the research looked at ways to combine hybrid systems

Biosurveillance in Central Asia: Successes and Challenges of Tick-Borne Disease Research in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

PubMed

Hay, John; Yeh, Kenneth B; Dasgupta, Debanjana; Shapieva, Zhanna; Omasheva, Gulnara; Deryabin, Pavel; Nurmakhanov, Talgat; Ayazbayev, Timur; Andryushchenko, Alexei; Zhunushov, Asankadyr; Hewson, Roger; Farris, Christina M; Richards, Allen L

2016-01-01

Central Asia is a vast geographic region that includes five former Soviet Union republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The region has a unique infectious disease burden, and a history that includes Silk Road trade routes and networks that were part of the anti-plague and biowarfare programs in the former Soviet Union. Post-Soviet Union biosurveillance research in this unique area of the world has met with several challenges, including lack of funding and resources to independently conduct hypothesis driven, peer-review quality research. Strides have been made, however, to increase scientific engagement and capability. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are examples of countries where biosurveillance research has been successfully conducted, particularly with respect to especially dangerous pathogens. In this review, we describe in detail the successes, challenges, and opportunities of conducting biosurveillance in Central Asia as exemplified by our recent research activities on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan.

Biosurveillance in Central Asia: Successes and Challenges of Tick-Borne Disease Research in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan

PubMed Central

Hay, John; Yeh, Kenneth B.; Dasgupta, Debanjana; Shapieva, Zhanna; Omasheva, Gulnara; Deryabin, Pavel; Nurmakhanov, Talgat; Ayazbayev, Timur; Andryushchenko, Alexei; Zhunushov, Asankadyr; Hewson, Roger; Farris, Christina M.; Richards, Allen L.

2016-01-01

Central Asia is a vast geographic region that includes five former Soviet Union republics: Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan. The region has a unique infectious disease burden, and a history that includes Silk Road trade routes and networks that were part of the anti-plague and biowarfare programs in the former Soviet Union. Post-Soviet Union biosurveillance research in this unique area of the world has met with several challenges, including lack of funding and resources to independently conduct hypothesis driven, peer-review quality research. Strides have been made, however, to increase scientific engagement and capability. Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan are examples of countries where biosurveillance research has been successfully conducted, particularly with respect to especially dangerous pathogens. In this review, we describe in detail the successes, challenges, and opportunities of conducting biosurveillance in Central Asia as exemplified by our recent research activities on ticks and tick-borne diseases in Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan. PMID:26870722

The Diesel Combustion Collaboratory: Combustion Researchers Collaborating over the Internet

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

C. M. Pancerella; L. A. Rahn; C. Yang

2000-02-01

The Diesel Combustion Collaborator (DCC) is a pilot project to develop and deploy collaborative technologies to combustion researchers distributed throughout the DOE national laboratories, academia, and industry. The result is a problem-solving environment for combustion research. Researchers collaborate over the Internet using DCC tools, which include: a distributed execution management system for running combustion models on widely distributed computers, including supercomputers; web-accessible data archiving capabilities for sharing graphical experimental or modeling data; electronic notebooks and shared workspaces for facilitating collaboration; visualization of combustion data; and video-conferencing and data-conferencing among researchers at remote sites. Security is a key aspect of themore » collaborative tools. In many cases, the authors have integrated these tools to allow data, including large combustion data sets, to flow seamlessly, for example, from modeling tools to data archives. In this paper the authors describe the work of a larger collaborative effort to design, implement and deploy the DCC.« less

CAISE: A NSF Resource Center for Informal Science Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dickow, Benjamin

2012-01-01

Informal science education (ISE) is playing an increasingly important role in how and where the public engages with science. A growing body of research is showing that people learn the majority of their science knowledge outside of school (Falk & Dierking, 2010). The ISE field includes a wide variety of sources, including the internet, TV programs, magazines, hobby clubs and museums. These experiences touch large numbers of people throughout their lifetimes. If you would like to share your research with the public, ISE can be an effective conduit for meaningful science communication. However, because the ISE field is so diverse, it can be overwhelming with its multiple entry points. If you already are part of an ISE initiative, knowing how to access the most useful resources easily can also be daunting. CAISE, the Center for Advancement of Informal Science Education, is a resource center for the ISE field funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF). CAISE can help connect you to the knowledge and people of ISE, through its website, products and in-person convenings. The proposed CAISE presentation will outline the diversity of the field and concisely present data that will make the case for the impact of ISE. We will focus on examples of successful programs that connect science with the public and that bring together AAS's science research community with practitioners and researchers within ISE. Pathways to various ISE resources in the form of current CAISE initiatives will be described as well. The presentation will include an interview section in which a CAISE staff member will ask questions of a scientist involved in an ISE initiative in order to detail one example of how ISE can be a valuable tool for engaging the public in science. Time for audience Q&A also will be included in the session.

Proper laboratory notebook practices: protecting your intellectual property.

PubMed

Nickla, Jason T; Boehm, Matthew B

2011-03-01

A laboratory notebook contains a wealth of knowledge that can be critical for establishing evidence in support of intellectual property rights and for refuting claims of research misconduct. The proper type, organization, use, maintenance, and storage of laboratory notebooks should be a priority for everyone at research institutions. Failure to properly document research activities can lead to serious problems, including the loss of valuable patent rights. Consequences of improper laboratory notebook practices can be harsh; numerous examples are described in court cases and journal articles, indicating a need for research institutions to develop strict policies on the proper use and storage of research documentation.

Human research ethics committees in technical universities.

PubMed

Koepsell, David; Brinkman, Willem-Paul; Pont, Sylvia

2014-07-01

Human research ethics has developed in both theory and practice mostly from experiences in medical research. Human participants, however, are used in a much broader range of research than ethics committees oversee, including both basic and applied research at technical universities. Although mandated in the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia, non-medical research involving humans need not receive ethics review in much of Europe, Asia, Latin America, and Africa. Our survey of the top 50 technical universities in the world shows that, where not specifically mandated by law, most technical universities do not employ ethics committees to review human studies. As the domains of basic and applied sciences expand, ethics committees are increasingly needed to guide and oversee all such research regardless of legal requirements. We offer as examples, from our experience as an ethics committee in a major European technical university, ways in which such a committee provides needed services and can help ensure more ethical studies involving humans outside the standard medical context. We provide some arguments for creating such committees, and in our supplemental article, we provide specific examples of cases and concerns that may confront technical, engineering, and design research, as well as outline the general framework we have used in creating our committee. © The Author(s) 2014.

Epigenetics and Psychoneuroimmunology: Mechanisms and Models

PubMed Central

Mathews, Herbert L.; Janusek, Linda Witek

2010-01-01

In this Introduction to the Named Series “Epigenetics, Brain, Behavior, and Immunity” an overview of epigenetics is provided with a consideration of the nature of epigenetic regulation including DNA methylation, histone modification and chromatin remodeling. Illustrative examples of recent scientific developments are highlighted to demonstrate the influence of epigenetics in areas of research relevant to those who investigate phenomena within the scientific discipline of psychoneuroimmunology. These examples are presented in order to provide a perspective on how epigenetic analysis will add insight into the molecular processes that connect the brain with behavior, neuroendocrine responsivity and immune outcome. PMID:20832468

Coastal Research Imaging Spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lucey, Paul G.; Williams, Timothy; Horton, Keith A.

2002-01-01

The Coastal Research Imaging Spectrometer (CRIS) is an airborne remote-sensing system designed specifically for research on the physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of coastal waters. The CRIS includes a visible-light hyperspectral imaging subsystem for measuring the color of water, which contains information on the biota, sediment, and nutrient contents of the water. The CRIS also includes an infrared imaging subsystem, which provides information on the temperature of the water. The combination of measurements enables investigation of biological effects of both natural and artificial flows of water from land into the ocean, including diffuse and point-source flows that may contain biological and/or chemical pollutants. Temperature is an important element of such measurements because temperature contrasts can often be used to distinguish among flows from different sources: for example, a sewage outflow could manifest itself in spectral images as a local high-temperature anomaly.

Responding to the Consequences of Climate Change

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hildebrand, Peter H.

2011-01-01

The talk addresses the scientific consensus concerning climate change, and outlines the many paths that are open to mitigate climate change and its effects on human activities. Diverse aspects of the changing water cycle on Earth are used to illustrate the reality climate change. These include melting snowpack, glaciers, and sea ice; changes in runoff; rising sea level; moving ecosystems, an more. Human forcing of climate change is then explained, including: greenhouse gasses, atmospheric aerosols, and changes in land use. Natural forcing effects are briefly discussed, including volcanoes and changes in the solar cycle. Returning to Earth's water cycle, the effects of climate-induced changes in water resources is presented. Examples include wildfires, floods and droughts, changes in the production and availability of food, and human social reactions to these effects. The lk then passes to a discussion of common human reactions to these forecasts of climate change effects, with a summary of recent research on the subject, plus several recent historical examples of large-scale changes in human behavior that affect the climate and ecosystems. Finally, in the face for needed action on climate, the many options for mitigation of climate change and adaptation to its effects are presented, with examples of the ability to take affordable, and profitable action at most all levels, from the local, through national.

An illustrative overview of semi-quantitative MRI scoring of knee osteoarthritis: lessons learned from longitudinal observational studies.

PubMed

Roemer, F W; Hunter, D J; Crema, M D; Kwoh, C K; Ochoa-Albiztegui, E; Guermazi, A

2016-02-01

To introduce the most popular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) osteoarthritis (OA) semi-quantitative (SQ) scoring systems to a broader audience with a focus on the most commonly applied scores, i.e., the MOAKS and WORMS system and illustrate similarities and differences. While the main structure and methodology of each scoring system are publicly available, the core of this overview will be an illustrative imaging atlas section including image examples from multiple OA studies applying MRI in regard to different features assessed, show specific examples of different grades and point out pitfalls and specifics of SQ assessment including artifacts, blinding to time point of acquisition and within-grade evaluation. Similarities and differences between different scoring systems are presented. Technical considerations are followed by a brief description of the most commonly utilized SQ scoring systems including their responsiveness and reliability. The second part is comprised of the atlas section presenting illustrative image examples. Evidence suggests that SQ assessment of OA by expert MRI readers is valid, reliable and responsive, which helps investigators to understand the natural history of this complex disease and to evaluate potential new drugs in OA clinical trials. Researchers have to be aware of the differences and specifics of the different systems to be able to engage in imaging assessment and interpretation of imaging-based data. SQ scoring has enabled us to explain associations of structural tissue damage with clinical manifestations of the disease and with morphological alterations thought to represent disease progression. Copyright © 2015 Osteoarthritis Research Society International. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

How to locate and appraise qualitative research in complementary and alternative medicine

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The aim of this publication is to present a case study of how to locate and appraise qualitative studies for the conduct of a meta-ethnography in the field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). CAM is commonly associated with individualized medicine. However, one established scientific approach to the individual, qualitative research, thus far has been explicitly used very rarely. This article demonstrates a case example of how qualitative research in the field of CAM studies was identified and critically appraised. Methods Several search terms and techniques were tested for the identification and appraisal of qualitative CAM research in the conduct of a meta-ethnography. Sixty-seven electronic databases were searched for the identification of qualitative CAM trials, including CAM databases, nursing, nutrition, psychological, social, medical databases, the Cochrane Library and DIMDI. Results 9578 citations were screened, 223 articles met the pre-specified inclusion criteria, 63 full text publications were reviewed, 38 articles were appraised qualitatively and 30 articles were included. The search began with PubMed, yielding 87% of the included publications of all databases with few additional relevant findings in the specific databases. CINHAL and DIMDI also revealed a high number of precise hits. Although CAMbase and CAM-QUEST® focus on CAM research only, almost no hits of qualitative trials were found there. Searching with broad text terms was the most effective search strategy in all databases. Conclusions This publication presents a case study on how to locate and appraise qualitative studies in the field of CAM. The example shows that the literature search for qualitative studies in the field of CAM is most effective when the search is begun in PubMed followed by CINHAL or DIMDI using broad text terms. Exclusive CAM databases delivered no additional findings to locate qualitative CAM studies. PMID:23731997

How to locate and appraise qualitative research in complementary and alternative medicine.

PubMed

Franzel, Brigitte; Schwiegershausen, Martina; Heusser, Peter; Berger, Bettina

2013-06-03

The aim of this publication is to present a case study of how to locate and appraise qualitative studies for the conduct of a meta-ethnography in the field of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). CAM is commonly associated with individualized medicine. However, one established scientific approach to the individual, qualitative research, thus far has been explicitly used very rarely. This article demonstrates a case example of how qualitative research in the field of CAM studies was identified and critically appraised. Several search terms and techniques were tested for the identification and appraisal of qualitative CAM research in the conduct of a meta-ethnography. Sixty-seven electronic databases were searched for the identification of qualitative CAM trials, including CAM databases, nursing, nutrition, psychological, social, medical databases, the Cochrane Library and DIMDI. 9578 citations were screened, 223 articles met the pre-specified inclusion criteria, 63 full text publications were reviewed, 38 articles were appraised qualitatively and 30 articles were included. The search began with PubMed, yielding 87% of the included publications of all databases with few additional relevant findings in the specific databases. CINHAL and DIMDI also revealed a high number of precise hits. Although CAMbase and CAM-QUEST® focus on CAM research only, almost no hits of qualitative trials were found there. Searching with broad text terms was the most effective search strategy in all databases. This publication presents a case study on how to locate and appraise qualitative studies in the field of CAM. The example shows that the literature search for qualitative studies in the field of CAM is most effective when the search is begun in PubMed followed by CINHAL or DIMDI using broad text terms. Exclusive CAM databases delivered no additional findings to locate qualitative CAM studies.

Ecologic Momentary Assessment: Perspectives on Applications and Opportunities in Research and Practice Regarding Nutrition Behaviors.

PubMed

Hand, Rosa K; Perzynski, Adam T

2016-09-01

Retrospective self-reported data have limitations, making it important to evaluate alternative forms of measurement for nutrition behaviors. Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) attempts to overcome the challenges of recalled data with real-time data collection in a subject's natural environment, often leveraging technology. This perspective piece 1) introduces the concepts and terminology of EMA, 2) provides an overview of the methodological and analytical considerations, 3) gives examples of past research using EMA, and 4) suggests new opportunities (including combining assessment and intervention) and limitations (including the need for technology) for the application of EMA to research and practice regarding nutrition behaviors. Copyright © 2016 Society for Nutrition Education and Behavior. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Real-time in-flight engine performance and health monitoring techniques for flight research application

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ray, Ronald J.; Hicks, John W.; Wichman, Keith D.

1992-01-01

Various engine related performance and health monitoring techniques developed in support of flight research are described. Techniques used during flight to enhance safety and to increase flight test productivity are summarized. A description of the NASA range facility is given along with a discussion of the flight data processing. Examples of data processed and the flight data displays are shown. A discussion of current trends and future capabilities is also included.

Applications notice. [application of space techniques to earth resources, environment management, and space processing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

The discipline programs of the Space and Terrestrial (S&T) Applications Program are described and examples of research areas of current interest are given. Application of space techniques to improve conditions on earth are summarized. Discipline programs discussed include: resource observations; environmental observations; communications; materials processing in space; and applications systems/information systems. Format information on submission of unsolicited proposals for research related to the S&T Applications Program are given.

The physiology and biochemistry of total body immobilization in animals: A compendium of research. [bibliographies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dorchak, K. J.; Greenleaf, J. E.

1976-01-01

Major studies that describe the physiological and biochemical mechanisms which operate during total body restraint (confinement in cages for example) are presented. The metabolism and behavior of various animals used in medical research (dogs, monkeys, rats, fowl) was investigated and wherever possible a detailed annotation for each study is provided under the subheadings: (a) purposes, (b) procedures and methods, (c) results, and (d) conclusions. Selected references are also included.

Bioconductor: open software development for computational biology and bioinformatics

PubMed Central

Gentleman, Robert C; Carey, Vincent J; Bates, Douglas M; Bolstad, Ben; Dettling, Marcel; Dudoit, Sandrine; Ellis, Byron; Gautier, Laurent; Ge, Yongchao; Gentry, Jeff; Hornik, Kurt; Hothorn, Torsten; Huber, Wolfgang; Iacus, Stefano; Irizarry, Rafael; Leisch, Friedrich; Li, Cheng; Maechler, Martin; Rossini, Anthony J; Sawitzki, Gunther; Smith, Colin; Smyth, Gordon; Tierney, Luke; Yang, Jean YH; Zhang, Jianhua

2004-01-01

The Bioconductor project is an initiative for the collaborative creation of extensible software for computational biology and bioinformatics. The goals of the project include: fostering collaborative development and widespread use of innovative software, reducing barriers to entry into interdisciplinary scientific research, and promoting the achievement of remote reproducibility of research results. We describe details of our aims and methods, identify current challenges, compare Bioconductor to other open bioinformatics projects, and provide working examples. PMID:15461798

Data and Data Products for Climate Research: Web Services at the Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center (APDRC)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeCarlo, S.; Potemra, J. T.; Wang, K.

2012-12-01

The International Pacific Research Center (IPRC) at the University of Hawaii maintains a data center for climate studies called the Asia-Pacific Data-Research Center (APDRC). This data center was designed within a center of excellence in climate research with the intention of serving the needs of the research scientist. The APDRC provides easy access to a wide collection of climate data and data products for a wide variety of users. The data center maintains an archive of approximately 100 data sets including in-situ and remote data, as well as a range of model-based output. All data are available via on-line browsing tools such as a Live Access Server (LAS) and DChart, and direct binary access is available through OPeNDAP services. On-line tutorials on how to use these services are now available. Users can keep up-to-date with new data and product announcements via the APDRC facebook page. The main focus of the APDRC has been climate scientists, and the services are therefore streamlined to such users, both in the number and types of data served, but also in the way data are served. In addition, due to the integration of the APDRC within the IPRC, several value-added data products (see figure for an example using Argo floats) have been developed via a variety of research activities. The APDRC, therefore, has three main foci: 1. acquisition of climate-related data, 2. maintenance of integrated data servers, and 3. development and distribution of data products The APDRC can be found at http://apdrc.soest.hawaii.edu. The presentation will provide an overview along with specific examples of the data, data products and data services available at the APDRC.; APDRC product example: gridded field from Argo profiling floats

The focus group technique in library research: an introduction.

PubMed Central

Glitz, B

1997-01-01

The focus group technique is one example of a qualitative research methodology used to explore the opinions, knowledge, perceptions, and concerns of individuals in regard to a particular topic. The focus group typically involves six to ten individuals who have some knowledge of or experience with the topic. The group discussion is led by a moderator who guides participants through a series of open-ended questions. The information gathered can provide important clues to human attitudes and values as they relate to the topic. Such information can be extremely useful to libraries that are trying to gain a better understanding of their patrons' needs and thus make better management decisions to help satisfy those needs. The technique can also be used successfully in conjunction with other research tools, such as surveys, either to help develop a questionnaire or to explain specific survey results. This paper introduces the use of focus groups in library research, the skills needed to conduct groups, and their strengths and weaknesses. Examples of the use of focus groups in health sciences libraries are presented, including the results of a survey from these libraries. PMID:9431428

The focus group technique in library research: an introduction.

PubMed

Glitz, B

1997-10-01

The focus group technique is one example of a qualitative research methodology used to explore the opinions, knowledge, perceptions, and concerns of individuals in regard to a particular topic. The focus group typically involves six to ten individuals who have some knowledge of or experience with the topic. The group discussion is led by a moderator who guides participants through a series of open-ended questions. The information gathered can provide important clues to human attitudes and values as they relate to the topic. Such information can be extremely useful to libraries that are trying to gain a better understanding of their patrons' needs and thus make better management decisions to help satisfy those needs. The technique can also be used successfully in conjunction with other research tools, such as surveys, either to help develop a questionnaire or to explain specific survey results. This paper introduces the use of focus groups in library research, the skills needed to conduct groups, and their strengths and weaknesses. Examples of the use of focus groups in health sciences libraries are presented, including the results of a survey from these libraries.

Prediction markets and their potential role in biomedical research--a review.

PubMed

Pfeiffer, Thomas; Almenberg, Johan

2010-01-01

Predictions markets are marketplaces for trading contracts with payoffs that depend on the outcome of future events. Popular examples are markets on the outcome of presidential elections, where contracts pay $1 if a specific candidate wins the election and $0 if someone else wins. Contract prices on prediction markets can be interpreted as forecasts regarding the outcome of future events. Further attractive properties include the potential to aggregate private information, to generate and disseminate a consensus among the market participants, and to offer incentives for the acquisition of information. It has been argued that these properties might be valuable in the context of scientific research. In this review, we give an overview of key properties of prediction markets and discuss potential benefits for science. To illustrate these benefits for biomedical research, we discuss an example application in the context of decision making in research on the genetics of diseases. Moreover, some potential practical problems of prediction market application in science are discussed, and solutions are outlined. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

[The Seintinelles: an innovative approach to promoting Community-Based Research and sustaining health democracy in oncology].

PubMed

Bauquier, Charlotte; Pannard, Myriam; Préau, Marie

2017-10-02

Community-based research drives innovation in major fields of public health, HIV/AIDS being the most emblematic example (Demange, Henry & Préau, 2012), and hepatitis. However, this type of research appears to be more difficult to develop in certain specific diseases, such as cancer (Shankand, Saïas & Friboulet, 2009). This article proposes various approaches concerning current citizen mobilization in relation to cancer research, including potential new levers to the development of participative and community-based research based on the recent creation of the Seintinelles platform, designed to federate researchers and citizens concerned by the problem of cancer. This reflection will be supported by more global issues concerning health democracy.

Statistical controversies in clinical research: basket trials, umbrella trials, and other master protocols: a review and examples

PubMed Central

Renfro, L. A.; Sargent, D. J.

2017-01-01

Abstract In recent years, cancers once viewed as relatively homogeneous in terms of organ location and treatment strategy are now better understood to be increasingly heterogeneous across biomarker and genetically defined patient subgroups. This has produced a shift toward development of biomarker-targeted agents during a time when funding for cancer research has been limited; as a result, the need for improved operational efficiency in studying many agent-and-target combinations in parallel has emerged. Platform trials, basket trials, and umbrella trials are new approaches to clinical research driven by this need for enhanced efficiency in the modern era of increasingly specific cancer subpopulations and decreased resources to study treatments for individual cancer subtypes in a traditional way. In this review, we provide an overview of these new types of clinical trial designs, including discussions of motivation for their use, recommended terminology, examples, and challenges encountered in their application. PMID:28177494

Earth Observing System: Science Objectives and Challenges

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

King, Michael D.

1999-01-01

The Earth Observing System (EOS) is a space-based observing system comprised of a series of satellite sensors by which scientists can monitor the Earth, a Data and Information System (EOSDIS) enabling researchers worldwide to access the satellite data, and an interdisciplinary science research program to interpret the satellite data. In this presentation we review the key areas of scientific uncertainty in understanding climate and global change, and follow that with a description of the EOS goals, objectives, and scientific research elements that comprise the program (instrument science teams and interdisciplinary investigations). Finally, I will describe how scientists and policy makers intend to use EOS data improve our understanding of key global change uncertainties, such as: (i) clouds and radiation, including fossil fuel and natural emissions of sulfate aerosol and its potential impact on cloud feedback, (ii) man's impact on ozone depletion, with examples of ClO and O3 obtained from the UARS satellite during the Austral Spring, and (iii) volcanic eruptions and their impact on climate, with examples from the eruption of Mt. Pinatubo.

Using Multimedia to Bring Science News to the Public

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Riordan, C.; Stein, B.; Lorditch, E. M.

2015-12-01

Creative partnerships between scientists and journalists open new opportunities to bring the excitement of scientific discoveries to wider audiences. Research tells us that the majority of the general public now gets more science and technology news from the Internet than from TV sources (2014 NSF Science and Engineering Indicators). In order to reach these audiences news organizations must embrace multiple forms of multimedia. We will review recent research on how the new multimedia landscape is changing the way that science news is consumed and how news organizations are changing the way they deliver news. News programs like Inside Science, and other examples of new partnerships that deliver research news to journalists, teachers, students, and the general public will be examined. We will describe examples of successful collaborations including an article by a former Newsweek science reporter entitled "My 1975 'Cooling World' Story Doesn't Make Today's Climate Scientists Wrong," which got reprinted in Slate, RealClearScience, and mentioned in Factcheck.org and USA Today.

Emission spectra from ZnS:Mn due to low velocity impacts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hollerman, W. A.; Goedeke, S. M.; Bergeron, N. P.; Moore, R. J.; Allison, S. W.; Lewis, L. A.

2005-09-01

Triboluminescence (TL) is the emission of light due to crystal fracture and has been known for centuries. One of the most common examples of TL is the flash created from chewing wintergreen Lifesavers. Since 2003, the authors have been measuring triboluminescent properties of phosphors, of which zinc sulfide doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn) is an example. Preliminary results indicate that impact velocities greater than 0.5 m/s produce measurable TL from ZnS:Mn. To extend this research, the investigation of the emission spectrum was chosen. This differs from using filtered photodetectors in that the spectral composition of fluorescence can be ascertained. Previous research has utilized a variety of schemes that include scratching, crushing, and grinding to generate TL. In our case, the material is activated by a short duration interaction of a dropped mass and a small number of luminescence centers. This research provides a basis for the characterization and selection of materials for future spacecraft impact detection schemes.

Tracking Progress toward the School Readiness Goal.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engel, Penelope

1991-01-01

We need to develop better forms of school readiness assessment that do not encourage tracking, narrowing the curriculum, or kindergarten retention. This article describes three examples of work-in-progress from the state of Georgia, a test publisher (CTB Macmillan/McGraw-Hill), and a research scientist, Samuel Meisels. Includes seven references.…

Teaching and Learning Communication, Language and Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Browne, Ann

2007-01-01

In this book, Ann Browne draws on research findings and good practice to provide practical and guidance about working with young children aged 3-5 years in nursery and reception classes. The author covers all of the key theoretical issues, providing a wealth of classroom examples. Practical suggestions for activities and resources include ways of…

School Leadership and Intercultural Understanding: School Foyers as Situated Spaces for Doing Diversity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moss, Julianne; O'Mara, Joanne; McCandless, Trevor

2017-01-01

Internationally, Intercultural Understanding (ICU) is increasingly prevalent in the field of education. The recent evidence base includes a growing academic literature and examples of specified education policy and curricula. In regards to leveraging ICU, research suggests a multi-level and longitudinal approach is needed to ensure effective and…

Implementing Educational Software and Evaluating Its Academic Effectiveness: Part I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jolicoeur, Karen; Berger, Dale E.

1988-01-01

This basic plan for implementing educational software in the classroom incorporates a research design for evaluating its effectiveness. A study of fifth grade classrooms using game and tutorial software for spelling and fractions is used as an example. Topics discussed include software selection, selecting groups of comparable ability, and use of…

Suppressor Variables: The Difference between "Is" versus "Acting As"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ludlow, Larry; Klein, Kelsey

2014-01-01

Correlated predictors in regression models are a fact of life in applied social science research. The extent to which they are correlated will influence the estimates and statistics associated with the other variables they are modeled along with. These effects, for example, may include enhanced regression coefficients for the other variables--a…

78 FR 73787 - Chlorsulfuron; Community Right-to-Know Toxic Chemical Release Reporting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-09

... 190/891138: AMR-1197-88. Unpublished study prepared by Huntingdon Research Centre Ltd. 76p. As cited... this notice apply to me? You may be potentially affected by this action if you manufacture, process, or... to: Category Examples of potentially affected entities Industry Facilities included in the following...

Simulation to Practice: Developing Nursing Skills in Mental Health--An Australian Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Edward, Karen-leigh; Hercelinskyj, Julie; Warelow, Philip; Munro, Ian

2007-01-01

A variety of developments in nursing education in Australia including some innovative and exciting models, educational enterprises between education and industry, and evidence of developing strengths in research and professional alliances on a national level have been discussed recently. This paper presents Simulation to Practice as an example of…

A Decade of Charter Schools: From Theory to Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bulkley, Katrina; Fisler, Jennifer

2003-01-01

Analysis of selected set of charter-school research reports through late 2001. Finds, for example, that charter schools are more autonomous than other public schools, but that the jury is still out on some of the most important questions, including those about innovation, accountability, equity, and outcomes. Provides a framework for examining…

Determine Baseline Energy Consumption | Climate Neutral Research Campuses |

Science.gov Websites

the campus boundary and any off-site energy impacts you will be calculating. For example, the fuel usually included in the baseline. However, the impacts of joint ventures that take place off-site are Web page. Scope 3: Transportation impacts from commuters and business travel, which can be derived

32 CFR 37.860 - What rights should I obtain for inventions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Title 35, U.S.C.) requires in many situations. You have that flexibility because TIAs include not only... research that are at least as great as the rights that Bayh-Dole gives to small businesses and nonprofit... under the current TIA, and potential commercial markets. Taking past investments as an example, you...

29 CFR 2520.104-20 - Limited exemption for certain small welfare plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... any other requirement of title I of the Act, including the provisions which require that plan... authorize the Secretary of Labor to collect information and data from employee benefit plans for research and analysis (section 513). (d) Examples. (1) A welfare plan has 75 participants at the beginning of...

32 CFR 37.860 - What rights should I obtain for inventions?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Title 35, U.S.C.) requires in many situations. You have that flexibility because TIAs include not only... research that are at least as great as the rights that Bayh-Dole gives to small businesses and nonprofit... under the current TIA, and potential commercial markets. Taking past investments as an example, you...

29 CFR 2520.104-20 - Limited exemption for certain small welfare plans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... any other requirement of title I of the Act, including the provisions which require that plan... authorize the Secretary of Labor to collect information and data from employee benefit plans for research and analysis (section 513). (d) Examples. (1) A welfare plan has 75 participants at the beginning of...

78 FR 2713 - Update to NEPA Implementing Procedures

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-14

.../Research/FinalFRA_HSR_Strat_Plan.pdf . Some of the proposed CEs were chosen from the list of categorical... list of comparative benchmarks or similar CEs currently employed by other Federal agencies. After a... ``such as'' with ``examples may include by are not limited to'' for all of the CEs. The purpose of the...

Reinventing District Central Offices to Expand Student Learning. Issue Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Honig, Meredith I.; Copland, Michael A.

2008-01-01

This issue brief examines the role of central office administrators in the reinvention process and what research and experience matters for expanding student learning. The brief includes examples from central office reinvention efforts currently planned or under way in Atlanta Public Schools, New York City Public Schools, and Oakland Unified…

Research on Intellectual Property Right Problems of Peer-to-Peer Networks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dong, Ying; Li, Mingshu; Chen, Meizhang; Zheng, Shengli

2002-01-01

Discusses digital intellectual property rights relating to peer-to-peer networks, using Napster as an example. Suggests anti-piracy solutions to prevent litigation and considers how libraries can develop potential service models using peer-to-peer networks, including the development of personal libraries on the Internet, interlibrary loan,…

Review: Assessment of completeness of reporting in intervention studies using livestock: an example from pain mitigation interventions in neonatal piglets

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Accurate and complete reporting of study methods, results, and interpretation are essential components of the scientific process, allowing end-users to evaluate the internal and external validity of a study. Several reporting guidelines are now publicly available for animal researchers including the...

A Tutorial on Conducting Meta-Analyses of Clinical Outcome Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robey, Randall R.; Dalebout, Susan D.

1998-01-01

The purpose of this tutorial is to enhance the familiarity and accessibility of meta-analyses in the domains of audiology and speech-language pathology for investigating questions of treatment efficacy and treatment effectiveness. Steps to conducting a meta-analysis are explained and an example of meta-analysis using published data is included.…

Teaching for Social Justice in Multicultural Classrooms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sleeter, Christine

2013-01-01

Drawing on my work in the U.S., I briefly discuss four related hallmarks of teaching for social justice in diverse classrooms, supported by research on their impact on students. They include explicitly recognizing and working with students' culture as a basis for learning, teaching key concepts in the curriculum through content and examples drawn…

Sentence-Based Metadata: An Approach and Tool for Viewing Database Designs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyle, John M.; Gunge, Jakob; Bryden, John; Librowski, Kaz; Hanna, Hsin-Yi

2002-01-01

Describes MARS (Museum Archive Retrieval System), a research tool which enables organizations to exchange digital images and documents by means of a common thesaurus structure, and merge the descriptive data and metadata of their collections. Highlights include theoretical basis; searching the MARS database; and examples in European museums.…

Economic Evaluation of Adolescent Addiction Programs: Methodological Challenges and Recommendations

PubMed Central

Homer, Jenny F.; Drummond, Michael F.; French, Michael T.

2008-01-01

This paper identifies and describes several methodological challenges encountered in economic evaluations of substance abuse interventions for adolescents. Topics include study design, the choice of perspective, the estimation of costs and outcomes, and the generalizability of results. Recommendations are offered for confronting these challenges using examples from adolescent addiction research. PMID:19027640

Mental Health Concerns in Williams Syndrome: Intervention Considerations and Illustrations from Case Examples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Phillips, Kristin D.; Klein-Tasman, Bonita P.

2009-01-01

The refinement of the Williams syndrome phenotype has frequently included the study of behavioral and temperamental features common to individuals with this disorder. Within this line of research, the importance of evaluating incidence of psychopathology has been increasingly recognized, with studies consistently identifying an increased risk for…

Roots and Wings: Affirming Culture and Preventing Bias in Early Childhood, Third Edition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

York, Stacey

2016-01-01

Use the updated activities, examples, and research to improve your anti-­bias and multicultural education programs. This clear and practical guide includes expanded information on English Language Learners, family engagement, culturally responsive teaching, and staff training. Create a positive environment for working with diverse groups of…

The Africa Collection: An Annotated Historical Resource Bibliography for the Student of Africa.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lynn, Karen

This annotated bibliographic collection of resources on Africa including non-fiction, fiction, texts, poetry, draft papers, addresses, periodicals, film, records, and travel agencies is designed to aid secondary students and their teachers interested in research on Africa. An instructional approach is taken, drawing upon examples to demonstrate…

Faraday's Investigation of Electromagnetic Induction. Experiment No. 21.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Devons, Samuel

This paper focuses on Michael Faraday's experimental research in electricity in the 1830's. Historical notes related to his work are included as well as experiments, his objectives, and illustrations of equipment for the experiments. Examples from his diary are given so that students can attempt to emulate his honest and systematic manner of…

Analyzing Longitudinal Data with Multilevel Models: An Example with Individuals Living with Lower Extremity Intra-articular Fractures

PubMed Central

Kwok, Oi-Man; Underhill, Andrea T.; Berry, Jack W.; Luo, Wen; Elliott, Timothy R.; Yoon, Myeongsun

2008-01-01

The use and quality of longitudinal research designs has increased over the past two decades, and new approaches for analyzing longitudinal data, including multi-level modeling (MLM) and latent growth modeling (LGM), have been developed. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the use of MLM and its advantages in analyzing longitudinal data. Data from a sample of individuals with intra-articular fractures of the lower extremity from the University of Alabama at Birmingham’s Injury Control Research Center is analyzed using both SAS PROC MIXED and SPSS MIXED. We start our presentation with a discussion of data preparation for MLM analyses. We then provide example analyses of different growth models, including a simple linear growth model and a model with a time-invariant covariate, with interpretation for all the parameters in the models. More complicated growth models with different between- and within-individual covariance structures and nonlinear models are discussed. Finally, information related to MLM analysis such as online resources is provided at the end of the paper. PMID:19649151

A design methodology for neutral buoyancy simulation of space operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Akin, David L.

1988-01-01

Neutral buoyancy has often been used in the past for EVA development activities, but little has been done to provide an analytical understanding of the environment and its correlation with space. This paper covers a set of related research topics at the MIT Space Systems Laboratory, dealing with the modeling of the space and underwater environments, validation of the models through testing in neutral buoyancy, parabolic flight, and space flight experiments, and applications of the models to gain a better design methodology for creating meaningful neutral buoyancy simulations. Examples covered include simulation validation criteria for human body dynamics, and for applied torques in a beam rotation task, which is the pacing crew operation for EVA structural assembly. Extensions of the dynamics models are presented for powered vehicles in the underwater environment, and examples given from the MIT Space Telerobotics Research Program, including the Beam Assembly Teleoperator and the Multimode Proximity Operations Device. Future expansions of the modeling theory are also presented, leading to remote vehicles which behave in neutral buoyancy exactly as the modeled system would in space.

Integrating intersectionality and biomedicine in health disparities research.

PubMed

Kelly, Ursula A

2009-01-01

Persisting health disparities have lead to calls for an increase in health research to address them. Biomedical scientists call for research that stratifies individual indicators associated with health disparities, for example, ethnicity. Feminist social scientists recommend feminist intersectionality research. Intersectionality is the multiplicative effect of inequalities experienced by nondominant marginalized groups, for example, ethnic minorities, women, and the poor. The elimination of health disparities necessitates integration of both paradigms in health research. This study provides a practical application of the integration of biomedical and feminist intersectionality paradigms in nursing research, using a psychiatric intervention study with battered Latino women as an example.

Understanding environmental contributions to autism: Causal concepts and the state of science.

PubMed

Hertz-Picciotto, Irva; Schmidt, Rebecca J; Krakowiak, Paula

2018-04-01

The complexity of neurodevelopment, the rapidity of early neurogenesis, and over 100 years of research identifying environmental influences on neurodevelopment serve as backdrop to understanding factors that influence risk and severity of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the May 2016 annual meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, describes concepts of causation, outlines the trajectory of research on nongenetic factors beginning in the 1960s, and briefly reviews the current state of this science. Causal concepts are introduced, including root causes; pitfalls in interpreting time trends as clues to etiologic factors; susceptible time windows for exposure; and implications of a multi-factorial model of ASD. An historical background presents early research into the origins of ASD. The epidemiologic literature from the last fifteen years is briefly but critically reviewed for potential roles of, for example, air pollution, pesticides, plastics, prenatal vitamins, lifestyle and family factors, and maternal obstetric and metabolic conditions during her pregnancy. Three examples from the case-control CHildhood Autism Risks from Genes and the Environment Study are probed to illustrate methodological approaches to central challenges in observational studies: capturing environmental exposure; causal inference when a randomized controlled clinical trial is either unethical or infeasible; and the integration of genetic, epigenetic, and environmental influences on development. We conclude with reflections on future directions, including exposomics, new technologies, the microbiome, gene-by-environment interaction in the era of -omics, and epigenetics as the interface of those two. As the environment is malleable, this research advances the goal of a productive and fulfilling life for all children, teen-agers and adults. Autism Res 2018, 11: 554-586. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This Keynote Lecture, delivered at the 2016 meeting of the International Society for Autism Research, discusses evidence from human epidemiologic studies of prenatal factors contributing to autism, such as pesticides, maternal nutrition and her health. There is no single cause for autism. Examples highlight the features of a high-quality epidemiology study, and what comprises a compelling case for causation. Emergent research directions hold promise for identifying potential interventions to reduce disabilities, enhance giftedness, and improve lives of those with ASD. © 2018 International Society for Autism Research, Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Primer of statistics in dental research: part I.

PubMed

Shintani, Ayumi

2014-01-01

Statistics play essential roles in evidence-based dentistry (EBD) practice and research. It ranges widely from formulating scientific questions, designing studies, collecting and analyzing data to interpreting, reporting, and presenting study findings. Mastering statistical concepts appears to be an unreachable goal among many dental researchers in part due to statistical authorities' limitations of explaining statistical principles to health researchers without elaborating complex mathematical concepts. This series of 2 articles aim to introduce dental researchers to 9 essential topics in statistics to conduct EBD with intuitive examples. The part I of the series includes the first 5 topics (1) statistical graph, (2) how to deal with outliers, (3) p-value and confidence interval, (4) testing equivalence, and (5) multiplicity adjustment. Part II will follow to cover the remaining topics including (6) selecting the proper statistical tests, (7) repeated measures analysis, (8) epidemiological consideration for causal association, and (9) analysis of agreement. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Microgravity Research: A Retrospective of Accomplishments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voorhees, Peter

2005-03-01

During the early days of human spaceflight U.S. National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) began giving researchers the ability to perform experiments under extremely low gravity conditions (microgravity). Early microgravity experiments were rudimentary and discovery driven. The limitations of such an approach were clear and in the early 1990s, NASA broadened its program significantly beyond those experiments that were destined to be flown to include a ground- based program that contained both experimental and theoretical investigations. The ground-based program provided a source of carefully designed microgravity experiments. This led to the program in the Physical Sciences Division that involved research in, for example, fluids, materials and low temperature physics. The impact of the microgravity research program has been the focus of a recent National Research Council report titled “Assessment of Directions in Microgravity and Physical Sciences Research at NASA.” We found that there have been numerous high impact ground-based and flight investigations. For example, NASA funding has been instrumental in elucidating the nature of surface-tension-driven fluid flows, dendritic crystal growth and the thermodynamics of phase transitions near critical points. Using this report as a basis, a discussion of the impact of microgravity research on the fields in which it is a part will be given.

Interdisciplinarity, Climate, and Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pulwarty, R. S.

2016-12-01

Interdisciplinarity has become synonymous with all things progressive about research and education. This is so not simply because of a philosophical belief in the heterogeneity of knowledge but because of the scientific and social complexities of problems of major concern. The increased demand for improved climate knowledge and information has increased pressure to support planning under changing rates of extremes event occurrence, is well-documented. The application of useful climate data, information and knowledge requires multiple networks and information services infrastructure that support planning and implementation. As widely quoted, Pasteur's quadrant is a label given to a class of scientific research methodologies that seeks fundamental understanding of scientific problems and, simultaneously, to benefit society-what Stokes called "use-inspired research". Innovation, in this context, has been defined as "the process by which individuals and organizations generate new ideas and put them into practice". A growing number of research institutes and programs have begun developing a cadre of professionals focused on integrating basic and applied research in areas such as climate risk assessment and adaptation. There are now several examples of where researchers and teams have crafted examples that include affected communities. In this presentation we will outline the lessons from several efforts including the PACE program, the RISAs, NIDIS, the Climate Services Information System and other interdisciplinary service-oriented efforts in which the author has been involved. Some early lessons include the need to: Recognize that key concerns of social innovation go beyond the projections of climate and other global changes to embrace multiple methods Continue to train scientists of all stripes of disciplinary norms, but higher education should also prepare students who plan to seek careers outside of academia by increasing flexibility in graduate training programs Develop and support boundary institutions that span research, monitoring, prototype development and practice but recognize both the benefits and the limits of co-production Design more comprehensive metrics for evaluation to combat perceptions that interdisciplinary work is only a sideline to a traditional academic career.

Promoting an egalitarian approach to research with vulnerable populations of women.

PubMed

Mkandawire-Valhmu, Lucy; Rice, Elizabeth; Bathum, Mary Elizabeth

2009-08-01

This paper is a presentation of issues that arise when conducting research with women from vulnerable populations. Conducting research with ethnic minority populations has accentuated the challenges inherent in research, particularly when the populations participating are considered 'vulnerable' due to additional variables such as low levels of income. The paper is based on the experiences of three authors using feminist methods in separate but similar research trajectories that include (a) low-income women in the Southern African country of Malawi, (b) women diagnosed with schizophrenia in the United States of America, and (c) rural, indigenous Aymara women of the highlands of Peru. The data forming the basis of this paper were collected over 3- to 6-month periods between 2005 and 2006. We examine the impact of the researcher's power on the research process. Our research provides examples that illuminate the limitations of informed consent in research with vulnerable populations of women. We offer critical questions about and recommendations for nursing and other health care researchers, both in the third world and the western world, regarding appropriate research methods with vulnerable populations: methods that acknowledge the oppressive realities of the participants, methods that deliberately avoid further marginalization of participants, and methods that have the potential to improve the life situations of the women who participate in our research. These examples show the need for new methods to ensure that participants in research understand their role and the benefits they may expect to receive from research.

The Portrayal of Industrial Melanism in American College General Biology Textbooks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fulford, Janice Marie; Rudge, David Wÿss

2016-08-01

The phenomenon of industrial melanism (IM) became widely acknowledged as a well-documented example of natural selection largely as a result of H.B.D. Kettlewell's pioneering research on the subject in the early 1950s. It was quickly picked up by American biology textbooks starting in the early 1960s and became ubiquitous throughout the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. While recent research on the phenomenon broadly supports Kettlewell's explanation of IM in the peppered moth, which in turn has strengthened this example of natural selection, textbook IM entries have actually declined in recent years in favor of other examples. In a previous paper, we drew attention to the pivotal role visual aspects played in the introduction of IM into (and its subsequent removal from) textbook accounts. The present article continues this investigation by analyzing textual passages on industrial melanism within a stratified random sample of textbooks from the 1960s to the 2000s. The fact that this example of natural selection was included by multiple publishers independently, in a short period of time, makes it uniquely qualified for a textbook study of this kind. The purpose of the present project was to determine whether these textbooks contain what has come to be known as the standard peppered moth story. Three complete series were also inspected for change across time. Our analysis focused on (1) the amount of text devoted to industrial melanism; (2) what specific science content elements were present; and (3) what, if any, nature of science (NOS) aspects were included. The study documents an increase in the amount of text devoted to industrial melanism over the decades. In spite of this increase, only modest changes in science content and NOS aspects were found.

CFD to Flight: Some Recent Success Stories of X-Plane Design to Flight Test at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cosentino, Gary B.

2007-01-01

Several examples from the past decade of success stories involving the design and flight test of three true X-planes will be described: in particular, X-plane design techniques that relied heavily upon computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Three specific examples chosen from the author s personal experience are presented: the X-36 Tailless Fighter Agility Research Aircraft, the X-45A Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle, and, most recently, the X-48B Blended Wing Body Demonstrator Aircraft. An overview will be presented of the uses of CFD analysis, comparisons and contrasts with wind tunnel testing, and information derived from the CFD analysis that directly related to successful flight test. Some lessons learned on the proper application, and misapplication, of CFD are illustrated. Finally, some highlights of the flight-test results of the three example X-planes will be presented. This overview paper will discuss some of the author s experience with taking an aircraft shape from early concept and three-dimensional modeling through CFD analysis, wind tunnel testing, further refined CFD analysis, and, finally, flight. An overview of the key roles in which CFD plays well during this process, and some other roles in which it does not, are discussed. How wind tunnel testing complements, calibrates, and verifies CFD analysis is also covered. Lessons learned on where CFD results can be misleading are also given. Strengths and weaknesses of the various types of flow solvers, including panel methods, Euler, and Navier-Stokes techniques, are discussed. The paper concludes with the three specific examples, including some flight test video footage of the X-36, the X-45A, and the X-48B.

CFD to Flight: Some Recent Success Stories of X-plane Design to Flight Test at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cosentino, Gary B.

2007-01-01

Several examples from the past decade of success stories involving the design and ight test of three true X-planes will be described: in particular, X-plane design techniques that relied heavily upon computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Three specific examples chosen from the authors personal experience are presented: the X-36 Tailless Fighter Agility Research Aircraft, the X-45A Unmanned Combat Air Vehicle, and, most recently, the X-48B Blended Wing Body Demonstrator Aircraft. An overview will be presented of the uses of CFD analysis, comparisons and contrasts with wind tunnel testing, and information derived from the CFD analysis that directly related to successful flight test. Some lessons learned on the proper application, and misapplication, of CFD are illustrated. Finally, some highlights of the flight-test results of the three example X-planes will be presented. This overview paper will discuss some of the authors experience with taking an aircraft shape from early concept and three-dimensional modeling through CFD analysis, wind tunnel testing, further re ned CFD analysis, and, finally, flight. An overview of the key roles in which CFD plays well during this process, and some other roles in which it does not, are discussed. How wind tunnel testing complements, calibrates, and verifies CFD analysis is also covered. Lessons learned on where CFD results can be misleading are also given. Strengths and weaknesses of the various types of ow solvers, including panel methods, Euler, and Navier-Stokes techniques, are discussed. The paper concludes with the three specific examples, including some flight test video footage of the X-36, the X-45A, and the X-48B.

Problems associated with noise measurements in the mining industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bauer, Eric R.; Vipperman, Jeffrey S.

2002-05-01

In response to the continuing problem of noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL) among mine workers, the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) has been conducting numerous noise- and hearing-loss research efforts in the mining industry. Research is underway to determine worker noise exposure, equipment noise, hearing loss and hearing protection use, and to evaluate engineering controls. Issues that are peculiar to the mining industry have complicated these efforts. A few of the issues that must be overcome to conduct meaningful research include constantly moving equipment, changing work environments, confined space, varying production rates, multiple noise sources, and electronic permissibility of instrumentation. This presentation will address the factors that affect the measurement and analysis of noise in the mining industry and how these factors are managed. In addition, some examples of research results will be included.

Futurepath: The Story of Research and Technology at NASA Lewis Research Center. Structures for Flight Propulsion, ARC Sprayed Monotape, National Aero-Space Plane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1989-01-01

The story of research and technology at NASA Lewis Research Center's Structures Division is presented. The job and designs of the Structures Division needed for flight propulsion is described including structural mechanics, structural dynamics, fatigue, and fracture. The video briefly explains why properties of metals used in structural mechanics need to be tested. Examples of tests and simulations used in structural dynamics (bodies in motion) are briefly described. Destructive and non-destructive fatigue/fracture analysis is also described. The arc sprayed monotape (a composite material) is explained, as are the programs in which monotape plays a roll. Finally, the National Aero-Space Plane (NASP or x-30) is introduced, including the material development and metal matrix as well as how NASP will reduce costs for NASA.

INDIGO: Building a DataCloud Framework to support Open Science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yin; de Lucas, Jesus Marco; Aguilar, Fenando; Fiore, Sandro; Rossi, Massimiliano; Ferrari, Tiziana

2016-04-01

New solutions are required to support Data Intensive Science in the emerging panorama of e-infrastructures, including Grid, Cloud and HPC services. The architecture proposed by the INDIGO-DataCloud (INtegrating Distributed data Infrastructures for Global ExplOitation) (https://www.indigo-datacloud.eu/) H2020 project, provides the path to integrate IaaS resources and PaaS platforms to provide SaaS solutions, while satisfying the requirements posed by different Research Communities, including several in Earth Science. This contribution introduces the INDIGO DataCloud architecture, describes the methodology followed to assure the integration of the requirements from different research communities, including examples like ENES, LifeWatch or EMSO, and how they will build their solutions using different INDIGO components.

Mendelian randomisation in cardiovascular research: an introduction for clinicians

PubMed Central

Bennett, Derrick A; Holmes, Michael V

2017-01-01

Understanding the causal role of biomarkers in cardiovascular and other diseases is crucial in order to find effective approaches (including pharmacological therapies) for disease treatment and prevention. Classical observational studies provide naïve estimates of the likely role of biomarkers in disease development; however, such studies are prone to bias. This has direct relevance for drug development as if drug targets track to non-causal biomarkers, this can lead to expensive failure of these drugs in phase III randomised controlled trials. In an effort to provide a more reliable indication of the likely causal role of a biomarker in the development of disease, Mendelian randomisation studies are increasingly used, and this is facilitated by the availability of large-scale genetic data. We conducted a narrative review in order to provide a description of the utility of Mendelian randomisation for clinicians engaged in cardiovascular research. We describe the rationale and provide a basic description of the methods and potential limitations of Mendelian randomisation. We give examples from the literature where Mendelian randomisation has provided pivotal information for drug discovery including predicting efficacy, informing on target-mediated adverse effects and providing potential new evidence for drug repurposing. The variety of the examples presented illustrates the importance of Mendelian randomisation in order to prioritise drug targets for cardiovascular research. PMID:28596306

The importance of living botanical collections for plant biology and the “next generation” of evo-devo research

PubMed Central

Dosmann, Michael; Groover, Andrew

2012-01-01

Living botanical collections include germplasm repositories, long-term experimental plantings, and botanical gardens. We present here a series of vignettes to illustrate the central role that living collections have played in plant biology research, including evo-devo research. Looking toward the future, living collections will become increasingly important in support of future evo-devo research. The driving force behind this trend is nucleic acid sequencing technologies, which are rapidly becoming more powerful and cost-effective, and which can be applied to virtually any species. This allows for more extensive sampling, including non-model organisms with unique biological features and plants from diverse phylogenetic positions. Importantly, a major challenge for sequencing-based evo-devo research is to identify, access, and propagate appropriate plant materials. We use a vignette of the ongoing 1,000 Transcriptomes project as an example of the challenges faced by such projects. We conclude by identifying some of the pinch points likely to be encountered by future evo-devo researchers, and how living collections can help address them. PMID:22737158

The Structural Biology Knowledgebase: a portal to protein structures, sequences, functions, and methods.

PubMed

Gabanyi, Margaret J; Adams, Paul D; Arnold, Konstantin; Bordoli, Lorenza; Carter, Lester G; Flippen-Andersen, Judith; Gifford, Lida; Haas, Juergen; Kouranov, Andrei; McLaughlin, William A; Micallef, David I; Minor, Wladek; Shah, Raship; Schwede, Torsten; Tao, Yi-Ping; Westbrook, John D; Zimmerman, Matthew; Berman, Helen M

2011-07-01

The Protein Structure Initiative's Structural Biology Knowledgebase (SBKB, URL: http://sbkb.org ) is an open web resource designed to turn the products of the structural genomics and structural biology efforts into knowledge that can be used by the biological community to understand living systems and disease. Here we will present examples on how to use the SBKB to enable biological research. For example, a protein sequence or Protein Data Bank (PDB) structure ID search will provide a list of related protein structures in the PDB, associated biological descriptions (annotations), homology models, structural genomics protein target status, experimental protocols, and the ability to order available DNA clones from the PSI:Biology-Materials Repository. A text search will find publication and technology reports resulting from the PSI's high-throughput research efforts. Web tools that aid in research, including a system that accepts protein structure requests from the community, will also be described. Created in collaboration with the Nature Publishing Group, the Structural Biology Knowledgebase monthly update also provides a research library, editorials about new research advances, news, and an events calendar to present a broader view of structural genomics and structural biology.

Accessing the public MIMIC-II intensive care relational database for clinical research.

PubMed

Scott, Daniel J; Lee, Joon; Silva, Ikaro; Park, Shinhyuk; Moody, George B; Celi, Leo A; Mark, Roger G

2013-01-10

The Multiparameter Intelligent Monitoring in Intensive Care II (MIMIC-II) database is a free, public resource for intensive care research. The database was officially released in 2006, and has attracted a growing number of researchers in academia and industry. We present the two major software tools that facilitate accessing the relational database: the web-based QueryBuilder and a downloadable virtual machine (VM) image. QueryBuilder and the MIMIC-II VM have been developed successfully and are freely available to MIMIC-II users. Simple example SQL queries and the resulting data are presented. Clinical studies pertaining to acute kidney injury and prediction of fluid requirements in the intensive care unit are shown as typical examples of research performed with MIMIC-II. In addition, MIMIC-II has also provided data for annual PhysioNet/Computing in Cardiology Challenges, including the 2012 Challenge "Predicting mortality of ICU Patients". QueryBuilder is a web-based tool that provides easy access to MIMIC-II. For more computationally intensive queries, one can locally install a complete copy of MIMIC-II in a VM. Both publicly available tools provide the MIMIC-II research community with convenient querying interfaces and complement the value of the MIMIC-II relational database.

Disease and health management in Asian aquaculture.

PubMed

Bondad-Reantaso, Melba G; Subasinghe, Rohana P; Arthur, J Richard; Ogawa, Kazuo; Chinabut, Supranee; Adlard, Robert; Tan, Zilong; Shariff, Mohamed

2005-09-30

Asia contributes more than 90% to the world's aquaculture production. Like other farming systems, aquaculture is plagued with disease problems resulting from its intensification and commercialization. This paper describes the various factors, providing specific examples, which have contributed to the current disease problems faced by what is now the fastest growing food-producing sector globally. These include increased globalization of trade and markets; the intensification of fish-farming practices through the movement of broodstock, postlarvae, fry and fingerlings; the introduction of new species for aquaculture development; the expansion of the ornamental fish trade; the enhancement of marine and coastal areas through the stocking of aquatic animals raised in hatcheries; the unanticipated interactions between cultured and wild populations of aquatic animals; poor or lack of effective biosecurity measures; slow awareness on emerging diseases; the misunderstanding and misuse of specific pathogen free (SPF) stocks; climate change; other human-mediated movements of aquaculture commodities. Data on the socio-economic impacts of aquatic animal diseases are also presented, including estimates of losses in production, direct and indirect income and employment, market access or share of investment, and consumer confidence; food availability; industry failures. Examples of costs of investment in aquatic animal health-related activities, including national strategies, research, surveillance, control and other health management programmes are also provided. Finally, the strategies currently being implemented in the Asian region to deal with transboundary diseases affecting the aquaculture sector are highlighted. These include compliance with international codes, and development and implementation of regional guidelines and national aquatic animal health strategies; new diagnostic and therapeutic techniques and new information technology; new biosecurity measures including risk analysis, epidemiology, surveillance, reporting and planning for emergency response to epizootics; targeted research; institutional strengthening and manpower development (education, training and extension research and diagnostic services).

Example Problems in LES Combustion

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-26

AFRL-RW-EG-TP-2016-002 Example Problems in LES Combustion Douglas V. Nance Air Force Research Laboratory Munitions...AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY MUNITIONS DIRECTORATE  Air Force...4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Example Problem in LES Combustion 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER

Ethical issues in research with children and young people.

PubMed

Matutina, Robin E

2009-10-01

This article, which concentrates largely on literature from the United States, discusses the ethical aspects of research with children, beginning with the historical ill-treatment of children and extending to the present-day protections. Researchers struggle to find the balance that would most benefit this vulnerable population. Children must be protected but society deserves the knowledge that can only be gained through child-specific research. Ethical questions arise through the presentation of historical and current cases of children involved in or excluded from research. Examples of ethical dilemmas are presented in an effort to allow the reader to learn from the past while seeking to provide research-based care today. Strategies are included to help safeguard the autonomy of the child who participates in research.

Mediator and moderator effects in developmental and behavioral pediatric research.

PubMed

Rose, Brigid M; Holmbeck, Grayson N; Coakley, Rachael Millstein; Franks, Elizabeth A

2004-02-01

The terms mediation and moderation are defined and clarified with particular emphasis on the role of mediational and moderational analyses in developmental and behavioral pediatric research. The article highlights the applicability of mediational and moderational analyses to longitudinal, intervention, and risk and protective factor research, and it provides basic information about how these analyses might be conducted. Also included is a discussion of various ways that both mediator and moderator variables can be incorporated into a single model. The article concludes with extended examples of both types of analyses using a longitudinal pediatric study for illustration. The article provides recommendations for applying mediational and moderational research in clinical practice.

Advances in Experiment Design for High Performance Aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morelli, Engene A.

1998-01-01

A general overview and summary of recent advances in experiment design for high performance aircraft is presented, along with results from flight tests. General theoretical background is included, with some discussion of various approaches to maneuver design. Flight test examples from the F-18 High Alpha Research Vehicle (HARV) are used to illustrate applications of the theory. Input forms are compared using Cramer-Rao bounds for the standard errors of estimated model parameters. Directions for future research in experiment design for high performance aircraft are identified.

Note: A phase synchronization photography method for AC discharge.

PubMed

Wu, Zhicheng; Zhang, Qiaogen; Ma, Jingtan; Pang, Lei

2018-05-01

To research discharge physics under AC voltage, a phase synchronization photography method is presented. By using a permanent-magnet synchronous motor to drive a photography mask synchronized with a discharge power supply, discharge images in a specific phase window can be recorded. Some examples of discharges photographed by this method, including the corona discharge in SF 6 and the corona discharge along the air/epoxy surface, demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Therefore, this method provides an effective tool for discharge physics researchers.

Note: A phase synchronization photography method for AC discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Zhicheng; Zhang, Qiaogen; Ma, Jingtan; Pang, Lei

2018-05-01

To research discharge physics under AC voltage, a phase synchronization photography method is presented. By using a permanent-magnet synchronous motor to drive a photography mask synchronized with a discharge power supply, discharge images in a specific phase window can be recorded. Some examples of discharges photographed by this method, including the corona discharge in SF6 and the corona discharge along the air/epoxy surface, demonstrate the feasibility of this method. Therefore, this method provides an effective tool for discharge physics researchers.

Design, Utility, and History of the Colorado Adoption Project: Examples Involving Adjustment Interactions1

PubMed Central

Rhea, Sally Ann; Bricker, Josh B.; Corley, Robin P.; DeFries, John C.; Wadsworth, Sally J.

2013-01-01

This paper describes the Colorado Adoption Project (CAP), a longitudinal study in behavioral development, and discusses how adoption studies may be used to assess genetic and environmental etiologies of individual differences for important developmental outcomes. Previous CAP research on adjustment outcomes in childhood and adolescence which found significant interactions, including gene-environment interactions, is reviewed. New research suggests mediating effects of menarche and religiosity on age at first sex in this predominantly middle-class, Caucasian sample. PMID:23833552

Aerospace applications of integer and combinatorial optimization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Padula, S. L.; Kincaid, R. K.

1995-01-01

Research supported by NASA Langley Research Center includes many applications of aerospace design optimization and is conducted by teams of applied mathematicians and aerospace engineers. This paper investigates the benefits from this combined expertise in solving combinatorial optimization problems. Applications range from the design of large space antennas to interior noise control. A typical problem, for example, seeks the optimal locations for vibration-damping devices on a large space structure and is expressed as a mixed/integer linear programming problem with more than 1500 design variables.

Enhancing Geoscience Research Discovery Through the Semantic Web

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rowan, Linda R.; Gross, M. Benjamin; Mayernik, Matthew; Khan, Huda; Boler, Frances; Maull, Keith; Stott, Don; Williams, Steve; Corson-Rikert, Jon; Johns, Erica M.; Daniels, Michael; Krafft, Dean B.; Meertens, Charles

2016-04-01

UNAVCO, UCAR, and Cornell University are working together to leverage semantic web technologies to enable discovery of people, datasets, publications and other research products, as well as the connections between them. The EarthCollab project, a U.S. National Science Foundation EarthCube Building Block, is enhancing an existing open-source semantic web application, VIVO, to enhance connectivity across distributed networks of researchers and resources related to the following two geoscience-based communities: (1) the Bering Sea Project, an interdisciplinary field program whose data archive is hosted by NCAR's Earth Observing Laboratory (EOL), and (2) UNAVCO, a geodetic facility and consortium that supports diverse research projects informed by geodesy. People, publications, datasets and grant information have been mapped to an extended version of the VIVO-ISF ontology and ingested into VIVO's database. Much of the VIVO ontology was built for the life sciences, so we have added some components of existing geoscience-based ontologies and a few terms from a local ontology that we created. The UNAVCO VIVO instance, connect.unavco.org, utilizes persistent identifiers whenever possible; for example using ORCIDs for people, publication DOIs, data DOIs and unique NSF grant numbers. Data is ingested using a custom set of scripts that include the ability to perform basic automated and curated disambiguation. VIVO can display a page for every object ingested, including connections to other objects in the VIVO database. A dataset page, for example, includes the dataset type, time interval, DOI, related publications, and authors. The dataset type field provides a connection to all other datasets of the same type. The author's page shows, among other information, related datasets and co-authors. Information previously spread across several unconnected databases is now stored in a single location. In addition to VIVO's default display, the new database can be queried using SPARQL, a query language for semantic data. EarthCollab is extending the VIVO web application. One such extension is the ability to cross-link separate VIVO instances across institutions, allowing local display of externally curated information. For example, Cornell's VIVO faculty pages will display UNAVCO's dataset information and UNAVCO's VIVO will display Cornell faculty member contact and position information. About half of UNAVCO's membership is international and we hope to connect our data to institutions in other countries with a similar approach. Additional extensions, including enhanced geospatial capabilities, will be developed based on task-centered usability testing.

Sampling Methods in Cardiovascular Nursing Research: An Overview.

PubMed

Kandola, Damanpreet; Banner, Davina; O'Keefe-McCarthy, Sheila; Jassal, Debbie

2014-01-01

Cardiovascular nursing research covers a wide array of topics from health services to psychosocial patient experiences. The selection of specific participant samples is an important part of the research design and process. The sampling strategy employed is of utmost importance to ensure that a representative sample of participants is chosen. There are two main categories of sampling methods: probability and non-probability. Probability sampling is the random selection of elements from the population, where each element of the population has an equal and independent chance of being included in the sample. There are five main types of probability sampling including simple random sampling, systematic sampling, stratified sampling, cluster sampling, and multi-stage sampling. Non-probability sampling methods are those in which elements are chosen through non-random methods for inclusion into the research study and include convenience sampling, purposive sampling, and snowball sampling. Each approach offers distinct advantages and disadvantages and must be considered critically. In this research column, we provide an introduction to these key sampling techniques and draw on examples from the cardiovascular research. Understanding the differences in sampling techniques may aid nurses in effective appraisal of research literature and provide a reference pointfor nurses who engage in cardiovascular research.

Statistical Methods for the Analysis of Discrete Choice Experiments: A Report of the ISPOR Conjoint Analysis Good Research Practices Task Force.

PubMed

Hauber, A Brett; González, Juan Marcos; Groothuis-Oudshoorn, Catharina G M; Prior, Thomas; Marshall, Deborah A; Cunningham, Charles; IJzerman, Maarten J; Bridges, John F P

2016-06-01

Conjoint analysis is a stated-preference survey method that can be used to elicit responses that reveal preferences, priorities, and the relative importance of individual features associated with health care interventions or services. Conjoint analysis methods, particularly discrete choice experiments (DCEs), have been increasingly used to quantify preferences of patients, caregivers, physicians, and other stakeholders. Recent consensus-based guidance on good research practices, including two recent task force reports from the International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research, has aided in improving the quality of conjoint analyses and DCEs in outcomes research. Nevertheless, uncertainty regarding good research practices for the statistical analysis of data from DCEs persists. There are multiple methods for analyzing DCE data. Understanding the characteristics and appropriate use of different analysis methods is critical to conducting a well-designed DCE study. This report will assist researchers in evaluating and selecting among alternative approaches to conducting statistical analysis of DCE data. We first present a simplistic DCE example and a simple method for using the resulting data. We then present a pedagogical example of a DCE and one of the most common approaches to analyzing data from such a question format-conditional logit. We then describe some common alternative methods for analyzing these data and the strengths and weaknesses of each alternative. We present the ESTIMATE checklist, which includes a list of questions to consider when justifying the choice of analysis method, describing the analysis, and interpreting the results. Copyright © 2016 International Society for Pharmacoeconomics and Outcomes Research (ISPOR). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Regulations and Ethical Considerations for Astronomy Education Research II: Resources and Worked Examples

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brogt, Erik; Dokter, Erin; Antonellis, Jessie; Buxner, Sanlyn

2008-01-01

This article discusses the legal and ethical requirements of human subjects research proposals in astronomy education research. We present an overview of the relevant laws, regulations, and guidelines that inform an Institutional Review Board evaluation of proposed research. We also present examples of potential research projects in astronomy…

The other half of the story: effect size analysis in quantitative research.

PubMed

Maher, Jessica Middlemis; Markey, Jonathan C; Ebert-May, Diane

2013-01-01

Statistical significance testing is the cornerstone of quantitative research, but studies that fail to report measures of effect size are potentially missing a robust part of the analysis. We provide a rationale for why effect size measures should be included in quantitative discipline-based education research. Examples from both biological and educational research demonstrate the utility of effect size for evaluating practical significance. We also provide details about some effect size indices that are paired with common statistical significance tests used in educational research and offer general suggestions for interpreting effect size measures. Finally, we discuss some inherent limitations of effect size measures and provide further recommendations about reporting confidence intervals.

An overview of the quiet short-haul research aircraft program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shovlin, M. D.; Cochrane, J. A.

1978-01-01

An overview of the Quiet Short Haul Research Aircraft (QSRA) Program is presented, with special emphasis on its propulsion and acoustic aspects. A description of the NASA technical participation in the program including wind tunnel testing, engine ground tests, and advanced aircraft simulation is given. The aircraft and its systems are described and, measured performance, where available, is compared to program goals. Preliminary data indicate that additional research and development are needed in some areas of which acoustics is an example. Some of these additional research areas and potential experiments using the QSRA to develop the technology are discussed. The concept of the QSRA as a national flight research facility is explained.

Resource Materials for Nanoscale Science and Technology Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lisensky, George

2006-12-01

Nanotechnology and advanced materials examples can be used to explore science and engineering concepts, exhibiting the "wow" and potential of nanotechnology, introducing prospective scientists to key ideas, and educating a citizenry capable of making well-informed technology-driven decisions. For example, material syntheses an atomic layer at a time have already revolutionized lighting and display technologies and dramatically expanded hard drive storage capacities. Resource materials include kits, models, and demonstrations that explain scanning probe microscopy, x-ray diffraction, information storage, energy and light, carbon nanotubes, and solid-state structures. An online Video Lab Manual, where movies show each step of the experiment, illustrates more than a dozen laboratory experiments involving nanoscale science and technology. Examples that are useful at a variety of levels when instructors provide the context include preparation of self-assembled monolayers, liquid crystals, colloidal gold, ferrofluid nanoparticles, nickel nanowires, solar cells, electrochromic thin films, organic light emitting diodes, and quantum dots. These resources have been developed, refined and class tested at institutions working with the Materials Research Science and Engineering Center on Nanostructured Interfaces at the University of Wisconsin-Madison (http://mrsec.wisc.edu/nano).

16 CFR 255.5 - Disclosure of material connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... expected by the audience), such connection must be fully disclosed. For example, when an endorser who... examples below. Example 1: A drug company commissions research on its product by an outside organization. The drug company determines the overall subject of the research (e.g., to test the efficacy of a newly...

16 CFR 255.5 - Disclosure of material connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... expected by the audience), such connection must be fully disclosed. For example, when an endorser who... examples below. Example 1: A drug company commissions research on its product by an outside organization. The drug company determines the overall subject of the research (e.g., to test the efficacy of a newly...

16 CFR 255.5 - Disclosure of material connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... expected by the audience), such connection must be fully disclosed. For example, when an endorser who... examples below. Example 1: A drug company commissions research on its product by an outside organization. The drug company determines the overall subject of the research (e.g., to test the efficacy of a newly...

16 CFR 255.5 - Disclosure of material connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... expected by the audience), such connection must be fully disclosed. For example, when an endorser who... examples below. Example 1: A drug company commissions research on its product by an outside organization. The drug company determines the overall subject of the research (e.g., to test the efficacy of a newly...

Toward an Instructionally Oriented Theory of Example-Based Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renkl, Alexander

2014-01-01

Learning from examples is a very effective means of initial cognitive skill acquisition. There is an enormous body of research on the specifics of this learning method. This article presents an instructionally oriented theory of example-based learning that integrates theoretical assumptions and findings from three research areas: learning from…

Recent advances of chitosan nanoparticles as drug carriers

PubMed Central

Wang, Jun Jie; Zeng, Zhao Wu; Xiao, Ren Zhong; Xie, Tian; Zhou, Guang Lin; Zhan, Xiao Ri; Wang, Shu Ling

2011-01-01

Chitosan nanoparticles are good drug carriers because of their good biocompatibility and biodegradability, and can be readily modified. As a new drug delivery system, they have attracted increasing attention for their wide applications in, for example, loading protein drugs, gene drugs, and anticancer chemical drugs, and via various routes of administration including oral, nasal, intravenous, and ocular. This paper reviews published research on chitosan nanoparticles, including its preparation methods, characteristics, modification, in vivo metabolic processes, and applications. PMID:21589644

Choosing estimands in clinical trials with missing data.

PubMed

Mallinckrodt, Craig; Molenberghs, Geert; Rathmann, Suchitrita

2017-01-01

Recent research has fostered new guidance on preventing and treating missing data. Consensus exists that clear objectives should be defined along with the causal estimands; trial design and conduct should maximize adherence to the protocol specified interventions; and a sensible primary analysis should be used along with plausible sensitivity analyses. Two general categories of estimands are effects of the drug as actually taken (de facto, effectiveness) and effects of the drug if taken as directed (de jure, efficacy). Motivated by examples, we argue that no single estimand is likely to meet the needs of all stakeholders and that each estimand has strengths and limitations. Therefore, stakeholder input should be part of an iterative study development process that includes choosing estimands that are consistent with trial objectives. To this end, an example is used to illustrate the benefit from assessing multiple estimands in the same study. A second example illustrates that maximizing adherence reduces sensitivity to missing data assumptions for de jure estimands but may reduce generalizability of results for de facto estimands if efforts to maximize adherence in the trial are not feasible in clinical practice. A third example illustrates that whether or not data after initiation of rescue medication should be included in the primary analysis depends on the estimand to be tested and the clinical setting. We further discuss the sample size and total exposure to placebo implications of including post-rescue data in the primary analysis. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Dietary Supplements: Regulatory Challenges and Research Resources.

PubMed

Dwyer, Johanna T; Coates, Paul M; Smith, Michael J

2018-01-04

Many of the scientific and regulatory challenges that exist in research on the safety, quality and efficacy of dietary supplements are common to all countries as the marketplace for them becomes increasingly global. This article summarizes some of the challenges in supplement science and provides a case study of research at the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, USA, along with some resources it has developed that are available to all scientists. It includes examples of some of the regulatory challenges faced and some resources for those who wish to learn more about them.

Making meaning in qualitative research with conversational partnerships: a methodological discussion.

PubMed

Hunter Revell, Susan M

2013-01-01

Rubin and Rubin's responsive interviewing method is based on the conversational partnership formed between researcher and participant. This method allows the researcher to understand experiences through the participant's words and stories to create meaning. In this article, the reader is guided through a 3-part interview series with a person living with traumatic spinal cord injury. The example focuses on how interview guides were developed and tailored to the participant, and how field notations were created. Findings include the importance of establishing trust and rapport in conversational partnerships for meaning making to occur.

Dietary Supplements: Regulatory Challenges and Research Resources

PubMed Central

Dwyer, Johanna T.; Coates, Paul M.; Smith, Michael J.

2018-01-01

Many of the scientific and regulatory challenges that exist in research on the safety, quality and efficacy of dietary supplements are common to all countries as the marketplace for them becomes increasingly global. This article summarizes some of the challenges in supplement science and provides a case study of research at the Office of Dietary Supplements at the National Institutes of Health, USA, along with some resources it has developed that are available to all scientists. It includes examples of some of the regulatory challenges faced and some resources for those who wish to learn more about them. PMID:29300341

Solar Collectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1980-01-01

Solar Energy's solar panels are collectors for a solar energy system which provides heating for a drive-in bank in Akron, OH. Collectors were designed and manufactured by Solar Energy Products, a firm established by three former NASA employees. Company President, Frank Rom, an example of a personnel-type technology transfer, was a Research Director at Lewis Research Center, which conducts extensive solar heating and cooling research, including development and testing of high-efficiency flat-plate collectors. Rom acquired solar energy expertise which helped the company develop two types of collectors, one for use in domestic/commercial heating systems and the other for drying grain.

Analytical Ultrasonics in Materials Research and Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vary, A.

1986-01-01

Research results in analytical ultrasonics for characterizing structural materials from metals and ceramics to composites are presented. General topics covered by the conference included: status and advances in analytical ultrasonics for characterizing material microstructures and mechanical properties; status and prospects for ultrasonic measurements of microdamage, degradation, and underlying morphological factors; status and problems in precision measurements of frequency-dependent velocity and attenuation for materials analysis; procedures and requirements for automated, digital signal acquisition, processing, analysis, and interpretation; incentives for analytical ultrasonics in materials research and materials processing, testing, and inspection; and examples of progress in ultrasonics for interrelating microstructure, mechanical properites, and dynamic response.

A Suggested Approach for Producing VAMS Air Transportation System Technology Roadmaps

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weathers, Del

2002-01-01

This viewgraph presentation provides an overview on the use of technology 'roadmaps' in order to facilitate the research development of VAMS (Virtual Airspace Modeling and Simulation). These roadmaps are to be produced by each concept team, updated annually, discussed at the technical interchange meetings (TIMs), shared among all VAMS participants, and made available electronically. These concept-specific technology roadmaps will be subsequently blended into an integrated catalog of roadmaps, technical discussions, and research recommendations. A historical example of ATM (Air Traffic Management) research and technology from 1940 to 1999 as shown in a series of 'roadmaps' is also included.

NIST Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF): March 1987

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Herbert, Judith E. (Editor); Kane, Richard (Editor)

1987-01-01

The completion and advances to the NIST Automated Manufacturing Research Facility (AMRF) is described in this video. The six work stations: (1) horizontal machining; (2) vertical machining; (3) turning machinery; (4) cleaning and deburring; (5) materials handling; and (6) inspection are shown and uses for each workstation are cited. Visiting researchers and scientists within NIST describe the advantages of each of the workstations, what the facility is used for, future applications for the technological advancements from the AMRF, including examples of how AMRF technology is being transferred to the U.S. Navy industry and discuss future technological goals for the facility.

Qualitative Research in Emergency Care Part I: Research Principles and Common Applications.

PubMed

Choo, Esther K; Garro, Aris C; Ranney, Megan L; Meisel, Zachary F; Morrow Guthrie, Kate

2015-09-01

Qualitative methods are increasingly being used in emergency care research. Rigorous qualitative methods can play a critical role in advancing the emergency care research agenda by allowing investigators to generate hypotheses, gain an in-depth understanding of health problems or specific populations, create expert consensus, and develop new intervention and dissemination strategies. This article, Part I of a two-article series, provides an introduction to general principles of applied qualitative health research and examples of its common use in emergency care research, describing study designs and data collection methods most relevant to our field, including observation, individual interviews, and focus groups. In Part II of this series, we will outline the specific steps necessary to conduct a valid and reliable qualitative research project, with a focus on interview-based studies. These elements include building the research team, preparing data collection guides, defining and obtaining an adequate sample, collecting and organizing qualitative data, and coding and analyzing the data. We also discuss potential ethical considerations unique to qualitative research as it relates to emergency care research. © 2015 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine.

Qualitative Research in Emergency Care Part I: Research Principles and Common Applications

PubMed Central

Choo, Esther K.; Garro, Aris; Ranney, Megan L.; Meisel, Zachary; Guthrie, Kate Morrow

2015-01-01

Qualitative methods are increasingly being used in emergency care research. Rigorous qualitative methods can play a critical role in advancing the emergency care research agenda by allowing investigators to generate hypotheses, gain an in-depth understanding of health problems or specific populations, create expert consensus, and develop new intervention and dissemination strategies. This article, Part I of a two-article series, provides an introduction to general principles of applied qualitative health research and examples of its common use in emergency care research, describing study designs and data collection methods most relevant to our field, including observation, individual interviews, and focus groups. In Part II of this series, we will outline the specific steps necessary to conduct a valid and reliable qualitative research project, with a focus on interview-based studies. These elements include building the research team, preparing data collection guides, defining and obtaining an adequate sample, collecting and organizing qualitative data, and coding and analyzing the data. We also discuss potential ethical considerations unique to qualitative research as it relates to emergency care research. PMID:26284696

A linguistic geometry for space applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stilman, Boris

1994-01-01

We develop a formal theory, the so-called Linguistic Geometry, in order to discover the inner properties of human expert heuristics, which were successful in a certain class of complex control systems, and apply them to different systems. This research relies on the formalization of search heuristics of high-skilled human experts which allow for the decomposition of complex system into the hierarchy of subsystems, and thus solve intractable problems reducing the search. The hierarchy of subsystems is represented as a hierarchy of formal attribute languages. This paper includes a formal survey of the Linguistic Geometry, and new example of a solution of optimization problem for the space robotic vehicles. This example includes actual generation of the hierarchy of languages, some details of trajectory generation and demonstrates the drastic reduction of search in comparison with conventional search algorithms.

Singing in Primary Schools: Case Studies of Good Practice in Whole Class Vocal Tuition

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamont, Alexandra; Daubney, Alison; Spruce, Gary

2012-01-01

Within the context of British initiatives in music education such as the Wider Opportunities programme in England and the recommendations of the Music Manifesto emphasising the importance of singing in primary schools, the current paper explores examples of good practice in whole-class vocal tuition. The research included seven different primary…

Investigation into Undergraduate International Students' Use of Digital Technology and Their Application in Formal and Informal Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strachan, Rebecca; Aljabali, Sanaa

2015-01-01

Digital technologies are being increasingly used in wider society including in educational settings. There are many examples that illustrate how universities embed technology enhanced learning within their educational provision. However there has been less research and evaluation of how these and other readily available technology based resources…

Young Children in Immigrant Families Face Higher Risk of Food Insecurity. Research Brief. Publication #2009-07

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capps, Randy; Horowitz, Allison; Fortuny, Karina; Bronte-Tinkew, Jacinta; Zaslow, Martha

2009-01-01

Children in immigrant families are more likely than children in native-born families to face a number of risk factors for poor developmental outcomes, including higher poverty rates, lower household incomes, and linguistic isolation, (for example, when older children and adults in a household have difficulty speaking English). Previous research…

You've Got That Magic Touch: Integrating the Sense of Touch into Early Childhood Services

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Elaine Fogel; Patterson, Philip P.

2010-01-01

Newborns have often been characterized as helpless. However, more recent research suggests that infants are armed with an arsenal of sensory and perceptual abilities that enable them to organize and attach meaning to the world. Examples of such abilities include visual, auditory, olfactory, and gustatory skills. Although initially primitive, these…

Advancements in medicine from aerospace research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wooten, F. T.

1972-01-01

A program designed to find second applications for space technology in the medical field is described. Illustrative examples and clinical test results are included for prosthetic urethral devices, ear oximeter for monitoring leukemia patients, devices for measuring low level CO effects on automobile drivers, radiation dosimeter probe for detecting radiation levels in cancerous areas, and electromyographic muscle trainer.

Evaluation of the Work-Place Cooperative Project in Geography Degrees at the University of Leeds.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hogg, James

1998-01-01

Describes the context and objective of a Work-Place Cooperative Project (WPCP) established in the School of Geography at the University of Leeds in 1995. The project presents students with business, commerce, industry, and environmental research issues that have geographical dimensions. Includes a number of examples from the WPCP. (MJP)

Research Says / Mindsets Are Key to Effective Data Use

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodwin, Bryan

2015-01-01

All around us are examples of people and organizations with good information making bad decisions. Consider the case of Blockbuster. Less than a decade ago, Blockbuster had 8,000 stores in 17 countries and millions of customers. It was awash in data, including customer surveys that said people disliked going to video stores and hated late fees.…

Contemporary Performance by and for Those with Disabilities: The Case of Greece

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koltsida, Maria; Lenakakis, Antonis

2017-01-01

The purpose of this article is to discuss examples of Greek contemporary performance by and for individuals with disabilities and by mixed groups that include individuals with and without disabilities working together. It is a research on primary and secondary electronic and printed resources and data. This article examines firstly the state…

Year One of School Improvement: Examples from Nine Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gordon, Stephen P.; Stiegelbauer, Suzanne; Diehl. Julie

2006-01-01

This study reports on the process and outcomes of schoolwide action research by nine schools in their first year as Network members. The participants were a blend of urban, suburban, small town, and rural schools in Central Texas. Focal points of the case studies and cross-case comparison included: (1) how the schools organized for action…

14 CFR § 1260.67 - Equipment and other property under grants with commercial firms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... the conduct of research. Acquisition of special purpose equipment costing in excess of $5,000 and not... purchase, as a direct cost to the grant, items of general purpose equipment, examples of which include but... Government shall have title to equipment and other personal property acquired with Government funds. Such...

Playground Facilities and Equipment. ACSA School Management Digest, Series 1, Number 7. ERIC/CEM Research Analysis Series, Number 34.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coursen, David

Modern educators and playground designers are increasingly recognizing that play is a part, perhaps the decisive part, of the entire learning process. Theories of playground equipment design, planning the playground, financial considerations, and equipment suggestions are featured in this review. Examples of playgrounds include innovative…

Estimating the Market Demand and Elasticity for Enrollment at an Institution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wohlgemuth, Darin

2013-01-01

This article presents an applied research framework that can be helpful in tuition and net price policy discussions. It is the classic microeconomic concept of market demand applied to enrollment management in higher education. The policy relevance includes measuring a response to price. For example, the results of this model will allow the…

"Trust the Teachers, Mother!": The Leading Learning Project in Leeds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beckett, Lori

2012-01-01

This article is concerned to respond to recent UK governments' attitudes to teachers, who are predominantly women, and who are denied a voice and sense of professionalism. It looks to the role of teacher research in school decision-making, including school improvement, historically in England, which set a pioneering example in years before the…

An Overview of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning in Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bennett, Curtis D.; Dewar, Jacqueline M.

2012-01-01

This article provides an overview of the scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) in mathematics. It describes the origins of SoTL in higher education and distinguishes SoTL from good teaching, scholarly teaching, and mathematics education research. It includes a widely adopted taxonomy of SoTL questions and presents several examples of SoTL…

ARC-1980-AC80-0512-2

NASA Image and Video Library

1980-06-05

N-231 High Reynolds Number Channel Facility (An example of a Versatile Wind Tunnel) Tunnel 1 I is a blowdown Facility that utilizes interchangeable test sections and nozzles. The facility provides experimental support for the fluid mechanics research, including experimental verification of aerodynamic computer codes and boundary-layer and airfoil studies that require high Reynolds number simulation. (Tunnel 1)

Role of Genomic Typing in Taxonomy, Evolutionary Genetics, and Microbial Epidemiology

PubMed Central

van Belkum, Alex; Struelens, Marc; de Visser, Arjan; Verbrugh, Henri; Tibayrenc, Michel

2001-01-01

Currently, genetic typing of microorganisms is widely used in several major fields of microbiological research. Taxonomy, research aimed at elucidation of evolutionary dynamics or phylogenetic relationships, population genetics of microorganisms, and microbial epidemiology all rely on genetic typing data for discrimination between genotypes. Apart from being an essential component of these fundamental sciences, microbial typing clearly affects several areas of applied microbiogical research. The epidemiological investigation of outbreaks of infectious diseases and the measurement of genetic diversity in relation to relevant biological properties such as pathogenicity, drug resistance, and biodegradation capacities are obvious examples. The diversity among nucleic acid molecules provides the basic information for all fields described above. However, researchers in various disciplines tend to use different vocabularies, a wide variety of different experimental methods to monitor genetic variation, and sometimes widely differing modes of data processing and interpretation. The aim of the present review is to summarize the technological and fundamental concepts used in microbial taxonomy, evolutionary genetics, and epidemiology. Information on the nomenclature used in the different fields of research is provided, descriptions of the diverse genetic typing procedures are presented, and examples of both conceptual and technological research developments for Escherichia coli are included. Recommendations for unification of the different fields through standardization of laboratory techniques are made. PMID:11432813

Space Life Sciences at NASA: Spaceflight Health Policy and Standards

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Jeffrey R.; House, Nancy G.

2006-01-01

In January 2005, the President proposed a new initiative, the Vision for Space Exploration. To accomplish the goals within the vision for space exploration, physicians and researchers at Johnson Space Center are establishing spaceflight health standards. These standards include fitness for duty criteria (FFD), permissible exposure limits (PELs), and permissible outcome limits (POLs). POLs delineate an acceptable maximum decrement or change in a physiological or behavioral parameter, as the result of exposure to the space environment. For example cardiovascular fitness for duty standards might be a measurable clinical parameter minimum that allows successful performance of all required duties. An example of a permissible exposure limit for radiation might be the quantifiable limit of exposure over a given length of time (e.g. life time radiation exposure). An example of a permissible outcome limit might be the length of microgravity exposure that would minimize bone loss. The purpose of spaceflight health standards is to promote operational and vehicle design requirements, aid in medical decision making during space missions, and guide the development of countermeasures. Standards will be based on scientific and clinical evidence including research findings, lessons learned from previous space missions, studies conducted in space analog environments, current standards of medical practices, risk management data, and expert recommendations. To focus the research community on the needs for exploration missions, NASA has developed the Bioastronautics Roadmap. The Bioastronautics Roadmap, NASA's approach to identification of risks to human space flight, revised baseline was released in February 2005. This document was reviewed by the Institute of Medicine in November 2004 and the final report was received in October 2005. The roadmap defines the most important research and operational needs that will be used to set policy, standards (define acceptable risk), and implement an overall Risk Management and Analysis process. Currently NASA is drafting spaceflight health standards for neurosensory alterations, space radiation exposure, behavioral health, muscle atrophy, cardiovascular fitness, immunological compromise, bone demineralization, and nutrition.

The role of the clinical nurse specialist/neonatal nurse practitioner in a breastfeeding clinic: a model of advanced practice.

PubMed

Gibbins, S A; Green, P E; Scott, P A; MacDonell, J W

2000-03-01

A commitment to quality health care requires the development of innovative models of care. An example of such a model is the Clinical Nurse Specialist/Neonatal Nurse Practitioner in the role as consultant to Lactation Consultants in a large breastfeeding clinic. The role of the Clinical Nurse Specialist/Neonatal Nurse Practitioner in this ambulatory setting encompasses all the dimensions of the advanced practice model including research, leadership, education, and clinical practice. The evolution of this model of care is described. A conceptual framework of this advanced practice model is presented, supported by examples of the role in the clinic.

Applying remote sensing to invasive species science—A tamarisk example

USGS Publications Warehouse

Morisette, Jeffrey T.

2011-01-01

The Invasive Species Science Branch of the Fort Collins Science Center provides research and technical assistance relating to management concerns for invasive species, including understanding how these species are introduced, identifying areas vulnerable to invasion, forecasting invasions, and developing control methods. This fact sheet considers the invasive plant species tamarisk (Tamarix spp), addressing three fundamental questions: *Where is it now? *What are the potential or realized ecological impacts of invasion? *Where can it survive and thrive if introduced? It provides peer-review examples of how the U.S. Geological Survey, working with other federal agencies and university partners, are applying remote-sensing technologies to address these key questions.

Managing temporal relations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Britt, Daniel L.; Geoffroy, Amy L.; Gohring, John R.

1990-01-01

Various temporal constraints on the execution of activities are described, and their representation in the scheduling system MAESTRO is discussed. Initial examples are presented using a sample activity described. Those examples are expanded to include a second activity, and the types of temporal constraints that can obtain between two activities are explored. Soft constraints, or preferences, in activity placement are discussed. Multiple performances of activities are considered, with respect to both hard and soft constraints. The primary methods used in MAESTRO to handle temporal constraints are described as are certain aspects of contingency handling with respect to temporal constraints. A discussion of the overall approach, with indications of future directions for this research, concludes the study.

Seismic and Infrasound Location

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arrowsmith, Stephen J.; Begnaud, Michael L.

2014-03-19

This presentation includes slides on Signal Propagation Through the Earth/Atmosphere Varies at Different Scales; 3D Seismic Models: RSTT; Ray Coverage (Pn); Source-Specific Station Corrections (SSSCs); RSTT Conclusions; SALSA3D (SAndia LoS Alamos) Global 3D Earth Model for Travel Time; Comparison of IDC SSSCs to RSTT Predictions; SALSA3D; Validation and Model Comparison; DSS Lines in the Siberian Platform; DSS Line CRA-4 Comparison; Travel Time Δak135; Travel Time Prediction Uncertainty; SALSA3D Conclusions; Infrasound Data Processing: An example event; Infrasound Data Processing: An example event; Infrasound Location; How does BISL work?; BISL: Application to the 2013 DPRK Test; and BISL: Ongoing Research.