Collaborative assessment of California spiny lobster population and fishery responses to a marine reserve network.

PubMed

Kay, Matthew C; Lenihan, Hunter S; Guenther, Carla M; Wilson, Jono R; Miller, Christopher J; Shrout, Samuel W

2012-01-01

Assessments of the conservation and fisheries effects of marine reserves typically focus on single reserves where sampling occurs over narrow spatiotemporal scales. A strategy for broadening the collection and interpretation of data is collaborative fisheries research (CFR). Here we report results of a CFR program formed in part to test whether reserves at the Santa Barbara Channel Islands, USA, influenced lobster size and trap yield, and whether abundance changes in reserves led to spillover that influenced trap yield and effort distribution near reserve borders. Industry training of scientists allowed us to sample reserves with fishery relevant metrics that we compared with pre-reserve fishing records, a concurrent port sampling program, fishery effort patterns, the local ecological knowledge (LEK) of fishermen, and fishery-independent visual surveys of lobster abundance. After six years of reserve protection, there was a four- to eightfold increase in trap yield, a 5-10% increase in the mean size (carapace length) of legal sized lobsters, and larger size structure of lobsters trapped inside vs. outside of three replicate reserves. Patterns in trap data were corroborated by visual scuba surveys that indicated a four- to sixfold increase in lobster density inside reserves. Population increases within reserves did not lead to increased trap yields or effort concentrations (fishing the line) immediately outside reserve borders. The absence of these catch and effort trends, which are indicative of spillover, may be due to moderate total mortality (Z = 0.59 for legal sized lobsters outside reserves), which was estimated from analysis of growth and length frequency data collected as part of our CFR program. Spillover at the Channel Islands reserves may be occurring but at levels that are insufficient to influence the fishery dynamics that we measured. Future increases in fishing effort (outside reserves) and lobster biomass (inside reserves) are likely and may lead to increased spillover, and CFR provides an ideal platform for continued assessment of fishery-reserve interactions.

Detecting larval export from marine reserves

PubMed Central

Pelc, R. A.; Warner, R. R.; Gaines, S. D.; Paris, C. B.

2010-01-01

Marine reserve theory suggests that where large, productive populations are protected within no-take marine reserves, fished areas outside reserves will benefit through the spillover of larvae produced in the reserves. However, empirical evidence for larval export has been sparse. Here we use a simple idealized coastline model to estimate the expected magnitude and spatial scale of larval export from no-take marine reserves across a range of reserve sizes and larval dispersal scales. Results suggest that, given the magnitude of increased production typically found in marine reserves, benefits from larval export are nearly always large enough to offset increased mortality outside marine reserves due to displaced fishing effort. However, the proportional increase in recruitment at sites outside reserves is typically small, particularly for species with long-distance (on the order of hundreds of kilometers) larval dispersal distances, making it very difficult to detect in field studies. Enhanced recruitment due to export may be detected by sampling several sites at an appropriate range of distances from reserves or at sites downcurrent of reserves in systems with directional dispersal. A review of existing empirical evidence confirms the model's suggestion that detecting export may be difficult without an exceptionally large differential in production, short-distance larval dispersal relative to reserve size, directional dispersal, or a sampling scheme that encompasses a broad range of distances from the reserves. PMID:20181570

The role of nutrient reserves for clutch formation by Northern Pintails in Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Esler, Daniel N.; Grand, James B.

1994-01-01

We analyzed carcass composition of female Northern Pintails (Anas acuta) in Alaska to assess the importance of nutrient reserves for formation of first clutches (n = 85) and renests (n = 39). Habitat (tundra vs. boreal forest), hen age (yearling vs. adult), and year (1990 vs. 1991) did not affect nutrient reserve use. During formation of first clutches, Northern Pintail hens relied on lipid reserves more than any other duck species that has been studied. For much of the nesting season, lipid reserves were used to meet costs beyond those incurred by clutch formation. Date of initiation of rapid follicle growth was related to lipid reserve dynamics; lipid reserves at initiation and the rate of lipid use both declined through the season. Protein reserves declined slightly with commitment of protein to the clutch and with date of initiation of rapid follicle growth. Use of mineral reserves for first nests was negligible. Renesting females did not use nutrient reserves. Lipid reserve levels were positively related to the amount of lipid reserves needed to complete the clutch and clutch sizes predicted from a lipid dynamics model were consistent with known clutch sizes. Similar relationships did not exist for protein. We suggest that lipid reserve levels affect timing of nesting and proximately limit clutch size of Northern Pintails.

Poverty and corruption compromise tropical forest reserves.

PubMed

Wright, S Joseph; Sanchez-Azofeifa, G Arturo; Portillo-Quintero, Carlos; Davies, Diane

2007-07-01

We used the global fire detection record provided by the satellite-based Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) to determine the number of fires detected inside 823 tropical and subtropical moist forest reserves and for contiguous buffer areas 5, 10, and 15 km wide. The ratio of fire detection densities (detections per square kilometer) inside reserves to their contiguous buffer areas provided an index of reserve effectiveness. Fire detection density was significantly lower inside reserves than in paired, contiguous buffer areas but varied by five orders of magnitude among reserves. The buffer: reserve detection ratio varied by up to four orders of magnitude among reserves within a single country, and median values varied by three orders of magnitude among countries. Reserves tended to be least effective at reducing fire frequency in many poorer countries and in countries beset by corruption. Countries with the most successful reserves include Costa Rica, Jamaica, Malaysia, and Taiwan and the Indonesian island of Java. Countries with the most problematic reserves include Cambodia, Guatemala, Paraguay, and Sierra Leone and the Indonesian portion of Borneo. We provide fire detection density for 3964 tropical and subtropical reserves and their buffer areas in the hope that these data will expedite further analyses that might lead to improved management of tropical reserves.

Larval export from marine reserves and the recruitment benefit for fish and fisheries.

PubMed

Harrison, Hugo B; Williamson, David H; Evans, Richard D; Almany, Glenn R; Thorrold, Simon R; Russ, Garry R; Feldheim, Kevin A; van Herwerden, Lynne; Planes, Serge; Srinivasan, Maya; Berumen, Michael L; Jones, Geoffrey P

2012-06-05

Marine reserves, areas closed to all forms of fishing, continue to be advocated and implemented to supplement fisheries and conserve populations. However, although the reproductive potential of important fishery species can dramatically increase inside reserves, the extent to which larval offspring are exported and the relative contribution of reserves to recruitment in fished and protected populations are unknown. Using genetic parentage analyses, we resolve patterns of larval dispersal for two species of exploited coral reef fish within a network of marine reserves on the Great Barrier Reef. In a 1,000 km(2) study area, populations resident in three reserves exported 83% (coral trout, Plectropomus maculatus) and 55% (stripey snapper, Lutjanus carponotatus) of assigned offspring to fished reefs, with the remainder having recruited to natal reserves or other reserves in the region. We estimate that reserves, which account for just 28% of the local reef area, produced approximately half of all juvenile recruitment to both reserve and fished reefs within 30 km. Our results provide compelling evidence that adequately protected reserve networks can make a significant contribution to the replenishment of populations on both reserve and fished reefs at a scale that benefits local stakeholders. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fishery consequences of marine reserves: short-term pain for longer-term gain.

PubMed

Hopf, Jess K; Jones, Geoffrey P; Williamson, David H; Connolly, Sean R

2016-04-01

Marine reserves are often established in areas that support fisheries. Larval export from reserves is argued to help compensate for the loss of fishable habitat; however, previous modeling studies have focused on long-term equilibrium outcomes. We examined the transient consequences of reserve establishment for fished metapopulations, considering both a well-mixed larval pool and a spatially explicit model based on a coral trout (Plectropomus spp.) metapopulation. When fishing pressure was reallocated relative to the area protected, yields decreased initially, then recovered, and ultimately exceeded pre-reserve levels. However, recovery time was on the order of several years to decades. If fishing pressure intensified to maintain pre-reserve yields, reserves were sometimes unable to support the increased mortality and the metapopulation collapsed. This was more likely when reserves were small, or located peripherally within the metapopulation. Overall, reserves can achieve positive conservation and fishery benefits, but fisheries management complementary to reserve implementation is essential.

12 CFR 230.10 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 230.10 Section 230.10 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM TRUTH IN SAVINGS (REGULATION DD) § 230.10 [Reserved] ...

12 CFR 210.4 - Sending items to Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Sending items to Reserve Banks. 210.4 Section... Reserve Bank); and (iv) Another Reserve Bank, if any, that receives the item from a Reserve Bank. (2) A... par. The Reserve Banks shall receive cash items and other checks at par. [Reg. J, 77 FR 21858, Apr. 12...

12 CFR 210.4 - Sending items to Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Sending items to Reserve Banks. 210.4 Section... Reserve Bank); and (iv) Another Reserve Bank, if any, that receives the item from a Reserve Bank. (2) A... par. The Reserve Banks shall receive cash items and other checks at par. [Reg. J, 77 FR 21858, Apr. 12...

A water quality management strategy for regionally protected water through health risk assessment and spatial distribution of heavy metal pollution in 3 marine reserves.

PubMed

Zhang, Yinan; Chu, Chunli; Li, Tong; Xu, Shengguo; Liu, Lei; Ju, Meiting

2017-12-01

Severe water pollution and resource scarcity is a major problem in China, where it is necessary to establish water quality-oriented monitoring and intelligent watershed management. In this study, an effective watershed management method is explored, in which water quality is first assessed using the heavy metal pollution index and the human health risk index, and then by classifying the pollution and management grade based on cluster analysis and GIS visualization. Three marine reserves in Tianjin were selected and analyzed, namely the Tianjin Ancient Coastal Wetland National Nature Reserve (Qilihai Natural Reserve), the Tianjin DaShentang Oyster Reef National Marine Special Reserve (DaShentang Reserve), and the Tianjin Coastal Wetland National Marine Special Reserve (BinHai Wetland Reserve) which is under construction. The water quality and potential human health risks of 5 heavy metals (Pb, As, Cd, Hg, Cr) in the three reserves were assessed using the Nemerow index and USEPA methods. Moreover, ArcGIS10.2 software was used to visualize the heavy metal index and display their spatial distribution. Cluster analysis enabled classification of the heavy metals into 4 categories, which allowed for identification of the heavy metals whose pollution index and health risks were highest, and, thus, whose control in the reserve is a priority. Results indicate that heavy metal pollution exists in the Qilihai Natural Reserve and in the north and east of the DaShentang Reserve; furthermore, human health risks exist in the Qilihai Natural Reserve and in the BinHai Wetland Reserve. In each reserve, the main factor influencing the pollution and health risk were high concentrations of As and Pb that exceed the corresponding standards. Measures must be adopted to control and remediate the pollutants. Furthermore, to protect the marine reserves, management policies must be implemented to improve water quality, which is an urgent task for both local and national governments. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Evolving science of marine reserves: New developments and emerging research frontiers

PubMed Central

Gaines, Steven D.; Lester, Sarah E.; Grorud-Colvert, Kirsten; Costello, Christopher; Pollnac, Richard

2010-01-01

The field of marine reserve science has matured greatly over the last decade, moving beyond studies of single reserves and beyond perspectives from single disciplines. This Special Feature exemplifies recent advances in marine reserve research, showing insights gained from synthetic studies of reserve networks, long-term changes within reserves, integration of social and ecological science research, and balance between reserve design for conservation as well as fishery and other commercial objectives. This rich body of research helps to inform conservation planning for marine ecosystems but also poses new challenges for further study, including how to best design integrated fisheries management and conservation systems, how to effectively evaluate the performance of entire reserve networks, and how to examine the complex coupling between ecological and socioeconomic responses to reserve networks. PMID:20978212

Advance reservation access control using software-defined networking and tokens

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chung, Joaquin; Jung, Eun-Sung; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar

Advance reservation systems allow users to reserve dedicated bandwidth connection resources from advanced high-speed networks. A common use case for such systems is data transfers in distributed science environments in which a user wants exclusive access to the reservation. However, current advance network reservation methods cannot ensure exclusive access of a network reservation to the specific flow for which the user made the reservation. We present here a novel network architecture that addresses this limitation and ensures that a reservation is used only by the intended flow. We achieve this by leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) and token-based authorization. We usemore » SDN to orchestrate and automate the reservation of networking resources, end-to-end and across multiple administrative domains, and tokens to create a strong binding between the user or application that requested the reservation and the flows provisioned by SDN. We conducted experiments on the ESNet 100G SDN testbed, and demonstrated that our system effectively protects authorized flows from competing traffic in the network. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.« less

26 CFR 1.593-2 - Additions to reserve for bad debts where surplus, reserves, and undivided profits equal or exceed...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 7 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Additions to reserve for bad debts where surplus... bad debts where surplus, reserves, and undivided profits equal or exceed 12 percent of deposits or... profits, and reserves at the beginning of the taxable year, a reasonable addition to the reserve for bad...

Developing of a network of nature reserves in the Lublin Region

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stanicka, Małgorzata

2010-01-01

The nature reserves are one of the oldest forms of nature conservation. Legal basis for their establishment in Poland gave the Nature Conservation Act of 1934, but much earlier, it originated on private land or in state forests. The natural environment of the Lublin Region was poorly understood. Only after the emergence of Maria Curie-Skłodowska University in Lublin in 1944, there started intensive research, mainly in Roztocze and Polesie Lubelskie. The development of the natural science enhanced learning activities for the protection of natural objects. The author presents the history of the creation of nature reserves in the Lublin Region from 1933 to 2008. The first reserves - Jata and Topór were approved in 1933 in the Łuków Forests. In 1934 the famous reserve Bukowa Góra in Roztocze, in Zamoyski Ordination, was approved. In the period 1933-2008, 103 nature reserves were established in the Lublin Region, of which 11 were included in the Roztoczański and 5 in the Poleski National Park. The area of 87 existing nature reserves in the Lublin Region is 6.8% of the reserves in Poland. The reserves represent 8 from 9 types distinguished in Poland - 35 forest reserves, 16 peat, 12 faunal, 8 steppe, 6 landscape, 6 floral, 3 inanimate nature, and 1 water reserve. Against the background of Poland, the Lublin province takes the first place (!) in terms of reserves in the steppe area (30.3% of steppe reserves in the country) and peat (19% of the peat reserves in the country), and the third in terms of the area of forest reserves (9.7% of forest reserves in the country). A large area of forest reserves in the region of low forest cover (22.5% and 14th place in the country) shows the value of natural forests and note that is attached to their protection in the Lublin Region. The annex contains a list of 103 reserves established in the Lublin Region after World War II.

50 CFR 32.59 - Rhode Island.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting... accordance with state regulations. Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Anglers may...

50 CFR 32.59 - Rhode Island.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting... accordance with state regulations. Ninigret National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Anglers may...

76 FR 40338 - National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-08

... Reserve System AGENCY: Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management.... SUMMARY: The Estuarine Reserves Division, Office of Ocean and Coastal Resource Management, National Ocean... support reserve operations. The objectives described in this plan address the most critical coastal issues...

75 FR 49887 - National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-16

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Estuarine Research... Research Reserves: Narragansett Bay, RI and Tijuana River, CA. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that the... Research Reserve and the Tijuana, CA National Estuarine Research Reserve. The Narragansett Bay, RI Reserve...

50 CFR 32.30 - Hawaii.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

.... Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. Hunters may... National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Fishing is permitted on designated areas of the refuge...

50 CFR 32.30 - Hawaii.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

.... Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. Hunters may... National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Fishing is permitted on designated areas of the refuge...

7 CFR 1467.9 - Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 10 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program. 1467.9 Section... CORPORATION, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS, PURCHASES, AND OTHER OPERATIONS WETLANDS RESERVE PROGRAM § 1467.9 Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program. (a) Wetlands Reserve Enhancement Program (WREP). (1) The...

12 CFR 227.11 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 227.11 Section 227.11 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES (REGULATION AA) Credit Practices Rule § 227.11 [Reserved] ...

12 CFR 227.11 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 227.11 Section 227.11 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES (REGULATION AA) Credit Practices Rule § 227.11 [Reserved] ...

The Automation of Reserve Processing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Self, James

1985-01-01

Describes an automated reserve processing system developed locally at Clemons Library, University of Virginia. Discussion covers developments in the reserve operation at Clemons Library, automation of the processing and circulation functions of reserve collections, and changes in reserve operation performance and staffing needs due to automation.…

Parasite infection rates of impala (Aepyceros melampus) in fenced game reserves in relation to reserve characteristics

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ezenwa, V.O.

2004-01-01

Under certain conditions reserves can pose a threat to wildlife conservation by increasing the transmission of parasites and pathogens. In this study, I investigated associations between reserve characteristics including area, density and species richness and parasite infection rates in impala (Aepyceros melampus). Using coprological methods to measure gastrointestinal parasitism rates of impala inhabiting five fully or partially fenced game reserves in central Kenya, I found that bovid species richness was correlated with parasite taxa richness across reserves, and that prevalence rates of multi-host strongyle nematodes were higher in reserves with more species. In addition, reserve size was also implicated as a potential predictor of infection risk. Overall, these results suggest that wildlife inhabiting highly diverse and small reserves may suffer from higher than normal rates of infection. Given the potential debilitating effects increases in parasitism can have on wildlife, these results underscore the importance of considering parasite transmission dynamics in the management of small, fenced protected areas. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

United States Producing and Nonproducing Crude Oil and Natural Gas Reserves From 1985 Through 2004

EIA Publications

2006-01-01

This report discusses the regional and temporal trends in producing and nonproducing crude oil and natural gas reserves using the Energy Information Administration's (EIA) categorization of reserves. The report first focuses on EIA's collection and reporting of crude oil and natural gas reserves data, followed by a discussion of the natural gas reserve trends, and then the crude oil reserve trends.

United States geological survey's reserve-growth models and their implementation

USGS Publications Warehouse

Klett, T.R.

2005-01-01

The USGS has developed several mathematical models to forecast reserve growth of fields both in the United States (U.S.) and the world. The models are based on historical reserve growth patterns of fields in the U.S. The patterns of past reserve growth are extrapolated to forecast future reserve growth. Changes of individual field sizes through time are extremely variable, therefore, the reserve growth models take on a statistical approach whereby volumetric changes for populations of fields are used in the models. Field age serves as a measure of the field-development effort that is applied to promote reserve growth. At the time of the USGS World Petroleum Assessment 2000, a reserve growth model for discovered fields of the world was not available. Reserve growth forecasts, therefore, were made based on a model of historical reserve growth of fields of the U.S. To test the feasibility of such an application, reserve growth forecasts were made of 186 giant oil fields of the world (excluding the U.S. and Canada). In addition, forecasts were made for these giant oil fields subdivided into those located in and outside of Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC). The model provided a reserve-growth forecast that closely matched the actual reserve growth that occurred from 1981 through 1996 for the 186 fields as a whole, as well as for both OPEC and non-OPEC subdivisions, despite the differences in reserves definition among the fields of the U.S. and the rest of the world. ?? 2005 International Association for Mathematical Geology.

Biosphere reserves: Attributes for success.

PubMed

Van Cuong, Chu; Dart, Peter; Hockings, Marc

2017-03-01

Biosphere reserves established under the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Program aim to harmonise biodiversity conservation and sustainable development. Concerns over the extent to which the reserve network was living up to this ideal led to the development of a new strategy in 1995 (the Seville Strategy) to enhance the operation of the network of reserves. An evaluation of effectiveness of management of the biosphere reserve network was called for as part of this strategy. Expert opinion was assembled through a Delphi Process to identify successful and less successful reserves and investigate common factors influencing success or failure. Ninety biosphere reserves including sixty successful and thirty less successful reserves in 42 countries across all five Man and the Biosphere Program regions were identified. Most successful sites are the post-Seville generation while the majority of unsuccessful sites are pre-Seville that are managed as national parks and have not been amended to conform to the characteristics that are meant to define a biosphere reserve. Stakeholder participation and collaboration, governance, finance and resources, management, and awareness and communication are the most influential factors in the success or failure of the biosphere reserves. For success, the biosphere reserve concept needs to be clearly understood and applied through landscape zoning. Designated reserves then need a management system with inclusive good governance, strong participation and collaboration, adequate finance and human resource allocation and stable and responsible management and implementation. All rather obvious but it is difficult to achieve without commitment to the biosphere reserve concept by the governance authorities. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Conservation priorities for mammals in megadiverse Mexico: the efficiency of reserve networks.

PubMed

Ceballos, Gerardo

2007-03-01

A major goal of conservation biologists is to identify critical areas for the conservation of biological diversity and then strategically include them in an efficient system of reserves. In general, however, reserve networks have been selected for different objectives, and most countries lack an evaluation of their reserves' ability to represent a percentage of the national diversity. This paper evaluates the effectiveness of a network of reserves to represent the species of mammals in Mexico. The focus of the analyses is on species and site level, evaluating the representation of all terrestrial mammals in the 30 most important reserves. The representation of all species, endemic species, endangered species, and species with restricted distributions in the reserves was assessed and compared. Endemic or endangered species with restricted distributions were expected to be less represented in reserves than were widespread species. The most important reserves for the conservation of mammals were determined with the use of complementarity analyses. Priority sites for the representation of all the species currently absent from the reserve network were then selected. The results have broad applications for conservation. First, 82% of the mammal species from Mexico were represented in the reserve network, which covers a small portion (3.8%) of the country. Second, this percentage is certainly larger as several reserves were not evaluated due to a lack of data. A priority for a national conservation strategy could be to conduct biological surveys in those reserves lacking inventories to evaluate their contribution to conservation. Third, in spite of its demonstrated value, Mexico's reserve network can be improved by designating complementary areas. Additional priority sites, where reserves are required to represent most gap species in the network, were identified. Finally, it is clear that this reserve network has limitations for maintaining biodiversity and ecosystem services at regional scales. A comprehensive conservation strategy has, therefore, to incorporate mechanisms that enhance the value of human-dominated landscapes for the maintenance of biodiversity.

12 CFR 204.7 - Supplemental reserve requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Supplemental reserve requirement. 204.7 Section... RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (REGULATION D) § 204.7 Supplemental reserve requirement... reserve requirement on every depository institution of not more than 4 percent of its total transaction...

15 CFR 921.40 - Ongoing oversight and evaluations of designated National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... designated National Estuarine Research Reserves. 921.40 Section 921.40 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations..., DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE OCEAN AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM... and evaluations of designated National Estuarine Research Reserves. (a) The Sanctuaries and Reserve...

27 CFR 19.764 - Inventory reserve records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Inventory reserve records... Inventory reserve records. (a) General. The proprietor shall establish an inventory reserve account, as... shall enter into the inventory reserve account a deposit record, which may be combined with the bottling...

12 CFR 227.11 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 227.11 Section 227.11 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES (REGULATION AA) Credit Practices Rule § 227.11 [Reserved] ...

12 CFR 227.11 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 227.11 Section 227.11 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) UNFAIR OR DECEPTIVE ACTS OR PRACTICES (REGULATION AA) Credit Practices Rule § 227.11 [Reserved] ...

78 FR 66715 - Federal Reserve Bank Services

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-06

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM [Docket No. OP-1468] Federal Reserve Bank Services AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board) has approved the private sector adjustment factor (PSAF) for 2014 of $23.4 million...

24 CFR 81.95 - Authority of Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Authority of Federal Reserve Banks... Authority of Federal Reserve Banks. (a) Each Federal Reserve Bank is hereby authorized as fiscal agent of..., Federal Reserve Bank Operating Circulars, this subpart H, and procedures established by the Secretary...

12 CFR 204.9 - Emergency reserve requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Emergency reserve requirement. 204.9 Section... RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (REGULATION D) § 204.9 Emergency reserve requirement. (a..., additional reserve requirements on depository institutions at any ratio on any liability upon a finding by at...

24 CFR 598.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Indian reservations. 598.500... Rules § 598.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area within an Indian reservation (as defined in section 168... Empowerment Zone by State and local governments. An area completely within an Indian reservation may be...

24 CFR 598.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Indian reservations. 598.500 Section....500 Indian reservations. (a) An area within an Indian reservation (as defined in section 168(j)(6) if... Zone by State and local governments. An area completely within an Indian reservation may be nominated...

24 CFR 598.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Indian reservations. 598.500... Rules § 598.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area within an Indian reservation (as defined in section 168... Empowerment Zone by State and local governments. An area completely within an Indian reservation may be...

24 CFR 598.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Indian reservations. 598.500 Section....500 Indian reservations. (a) An area within an Indian reservation (as defined in section 168(j)(6) if... Zone by State and local governments. An area completely within an Indian reservation may be nominated...

12 CFR Appendix G to Part 225 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] G Appendix G to Part 225 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BANK HOLDING COMPANIES AND CHANGE IN BANK CONTROL (REGULATION Y) Appendix G to Part 225 [Reserved] ...

7 CFR 915.142 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve fund. 915.142 Section 915.142 Agriculture... and Regulations § 915.142 Reserve fund. (a) The establishment of a reserve fund at an amount not to... and functioning of the Avocado Administrative Committee. Such reserve, including funds carried forward...

7 CFR 915.142 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reserve fund. 915.142 Section 915.142 Agriculture... and Regulations § 915.142 Reserve fund. (a) The establishment of a reserve fund at an amount not to... and functioning of the Avocado Administrative Committee. Such reserve, including funds carried forward...

COGNITIVE RESERVE IN AGING

PubMed Central

Tucker, Adrienne M.; Stern, Yaakov

2011-01-01

Cognitive reserve explains why those with higher IQ, education, occupational attainment, or participation in leisure activities evidence less severe clinical or cognitive changes in the presence of age-related or Alzheimer’s disease pathology. Specifically, the cognitive reserve hypothesis is that individual differences in how tasks are processed provide reserve against brain pathology. Cognitive reserve may allow for more flexible strategy usage, an ability thought to be captured by executive functions tasks. Additionally, cognitive reserve allows individuals greater neural efficiency, greater neural capacity, and the ability for compensation via the recruitment of additional brain regions. Taking cognitive reserve into account may allow for earlier detection and better characterization of age-related cognitive changes and Alzheimer’s disease. Importantly, cognitive reserve is not fixed but continues to evolve across the lifespan. Thus, even late-stage interventions hold promise to boost cognitive reserve and thus reduce the prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease and other age-related problems. PMID:21222591

Marine reserve effects on fishery profit

PubMed Central

White, Crow; Kendall, Bruce E; Gaines, Steven; Siegel, David A; Costello, Christopher

2008-01-01

Some studies suggest that fishery yields can be higher with reserves than under conventional management. However, the economic performance of fisheries depends on economic profit, not fish yield. The predictions of higher yields with reserves rely on intensive fishing pressures between reserves; the exorbitant costs of harvesting low-density populations erode profits. We incorporated this effect into a bioeconomic model to evaluate the economic performance of reserve-based management. Our results indicate that reserves can still benefit fisheries, even those targeting species that are expensive to harvest. However, in contrast to studies focused on yield, only a moderate proportion of the coast in reserves (with moderate harvest pressures outside reserves) is required to maximize profit. Furthermore, reserve area and harvest intensity can be traded off with little impact on profits, allowing for management flexibility while still providing higher profit than attainable under conventional management. Ecology Letters (2008) 11: 370–379 PMID:18205836

Cognitive reserve: implications for assessment and intervention.

PubMed

Stern, Yaakov

2013-01-01

The concept of reserve is used to explain the observation that some individuals function better than others in the presence of brain pathology. This article reviews the concept of reserve from its theoretical basis to the implication of reserve for clinical practice. A distinction between brain reserve, referring to individual differences in the anatomic substrate, and cognitive reserve, referring to differences in the flexibility or adaptivity of cognitive networks, is useful. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that a set of life exposures including higher educational and occupational attainment, and engaging in leisure activities is associated with a lower risk of incident dementia, suggesting that these life exposures may enhance cognitive reserve. This provides a basis for controlled clinical studies that can test specific exposures that may enhance reserve. The concept of cognitive reserve also has important implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. © 2013 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Reserve Growth of Alberta Oil Pools

USGS Publications Warehouse

Verma, Mahendra K.; Cook, Troy

2008-01-01

This Open-File Report is based on a presentation delivered at the Fourth U.S. Geological Survey Workshop on Reserve Growth on March 10-11, 2008. It summarizes the results of a study of reserve growth of oil pools in Alberta Province, Canada. The study is part of a larger effort involving similar studies of fields in other important petroleum provinces around the world, with the overall objective of gaining a better understanding of reserve growth in fields with different geologic/reservoir parameters and different operating environments. The goals of the study were to: 1. Evaluate historical oil reserve data and assess reserve growth. 2. Develop reserve growth models/functions to help forecast hydrocarbon volumes. 3. Study reserve growth sensitivity to various parameters ? for example, pool size, porosity, oil gravity, and lithology. 4. Compare reserve growth in oil pools/fields of Alberta provinces with those from other large petroleum provinces.

Cognitive Reserve: Implications for Assessment and Intervention

PubMed Central

Stern, Yaakov

2014-01-01

The concept of reserve is used to explain the observation that some individuals function better than others in the presence of brain pathology. This paper reviews the concept of reserve from its theoretical basis to the implication of reserve for clinical practice. A distinction between brain reserve, referring to individual differences in the anatomic substrate, and cognitive reserve, referring to differences in the flexibility or adaptivity of cognitive networks, is useful. Epidemiologic evidence indicates that a set of life exposures including higher educational and occupational attainment, and engaging in leisure activities is associated with a lower risk of incident dementia, suggesting that these life exposures may enhance cognitive reserve. This provides a basis for controlled clinical studies can test specific exposures that may enhance reserve. The concept of cognitive reserve also has important implications for clinical practice in terms of diagnosis and prognosis. PMID:23941972

Spatially-Correlated Risk in Nature Reserve Site Selection

PubMed Central

Albers, Heidi J.; Busby, Gwenlyn M.; Hamaide, Bertrand; Ando, Amy W.; Polasky, Stephen

2016-01-01

Establishing nature reserves protects species from land cover conversion and the resulting loss of habitat. Even within a reserve, however, many factors such as fires and defoliating insects still threaten habitat and the survival of species. To address the risk to species survival after reserve establishment, reserve networks can be created that allow some redundancy of species coverage to maximize the expected number of species that survive in the presence of threats. In some regions, however, the threats to species within a reserve may be spatially correlated. As examples, fires, diseases, and pest infestations can spread from a starting point and threaten neighboring parcels’ habitats, in addition to damage caused at the initial location. This paper develops a reserve site selection optimization framework that compares the optimal reserve networks in cases where risks do and do not reflect spatial correlation. By exploring the impact of spatially-correlated risk on reserve networks on a stylized landscape and on an Oregon landscape, this analysis demonstrates an appropriate and feasible method for incorporating such post-reserve establishment risks in the reserve site selection literature as an additional tool to be further developed for future conservation planning. PMID:26789127

Tribal Boundaries, U.S., 2014, EPA/OAR/OAQPS/AQAD

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This web service contains a layer depicting the union of TigerWEB AIANNHA map service layers 2 (Federal American Indian Reservations) and 3 (Off-Reservation Trust Lands) located at https://tigerweb.geo.census.gov/arcgis/rest/services/TIGERweb/AIANNHA/MapServerFederal (federal AIRs) are areas that have been set aside by the United States for the use of tribes, the exterior boundaries of which are more particularly defined in the final tribal treaties, agreements, executive orders, federal statutes, secretarial orders, or judicial determinations. The Bureau of Indian Affairs maintains a list of all federally recognized tribal governments and makes final determination of the inventory federal AIRs. The Census Bureau recognizes federal reservations (and associated off-reservation trust lands) as territory over which American Indian tribes have primary governmental authority. American Indian reservations can be legally described as colonies, communities, Indian colonies, Indian communities, Indian rancheria, Indian reservations, Indian villages, pueblos, rancherias, ranches, reservations, reserves, settlements, or villages. The Census Bureau contacts representatives of American Indian tribal governments to identify the boundaries for federal reservations through its annual Boundary and Annexation Survey. Federal reservations may cross state and all other area boundaries.State (state AIRs) are reservations established by some state governments for tribes recognized by

Mineral Commodity Summaries 2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2008-01-01

Each chapter of the 2008 edition of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Mineral Commodity Summaries (MCS) includes information on events, trends, and issues for each mineral commodity as well as discussions and tabular presentations on domestic industry structure, Government programs, tariffs, 5-year salient statistics, and world production and resources. The MCS is the earliest comprehensive source of 2007 mineral production data for the world. More than 90 individual minerals and materials are covered by two-page synopses. National reserves and reserve base information for most mineral commodities found in this report, including those for the United States, are derived from a variety of sources. The ideal source of such information would be comprehensive evaluations that apply the same criteria to deposits in different geographic areas and report the results by country. In the absence of such evaluations, national reserves and reserve base estimates compiled by countries for selected mineral commodities are a primary source of national reserves and reserve base information. Lacking national assessment information by governments, sources such as academic articles, company reports, common business practice, presentations by company representatives, and trade journal articles, or a combination of these, serve as the basis for national reserves and reserve base information reported in the mineral commodity sections of this publication. A national estimate may be assembled from the following: historically reported reserves and reserve base information carried for years without alteration because no new information is available; historically reported reserves and reserve base reduced by the amount of historical production; and company reported reserves. International minerals availability studies conducted by the U.S. Bureau of Mines, before 1996, and estimates of identified resources by an international collaborative effort (the International Strategic Minerals Inventory) are the basis for some reserves and reserve base estimates. The USGS collects information about the quantity and quality of mineral resources but does not directly measure reserves, and companies or governments do not directly report reserves or reserve base to the USGS. Reassessment of reserves and reserve base is a continuing process and the intensity of this process differs for mineral commodities, countries, and time period. Abbreviations and units of measure, and definitions of selected terms used in the report, are in Appendix A and Appendix B, respectively. A resource/reserve classification for minerals, based on USGS Circular 831 (published with the U.S. Bureau of Mines) is Appendix C, and a directory of USGS minerals information country specialists and their responsibilities is Appendix D. The USGS continually strives to improve the value of its publications to users. Constructive comments and suggestions by readers of the MCS 2008 are welcomed.

Disaggregating reserve-to-production ratios: An algorithm for United States oil and gas reserve development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Williams, Charles William

Reserve-to-production ratios for oil and gas development are utilized by oil and gas producing states to monitor oil and gas reserve and production dynamics. These ratios are used to determine production levels for the manipulation of oil and gas prices while maintaining adequate reserves for future development. These aggregate reserve-to-production ratios do not provide information concerning development cost and the best time necessary to develop newly discovered reserves. Oil and gas reserves are a semi-finished inventory because development of the reserves must take place in order to implement production. These reserves are considered semi-finished in that they are not counted unless it is economically profitable to produce them. The development of these reserves is encouraged by profit maximization economic variables which must consider the legal, political, and geological aspects of a project. This development is comprised of a myriad of incremental operational decisions, each of which influences profit maximization. The primary purpose of this study was to provide a model for characterizing a single product multi-period inventory/production optimization problem from an unconstrained quantity of raw material which was produced and stored as inventory reserve. This optimization was determined by evaluating dynamic changes in new additions to reserves and the subsequent depletion of these reserves with the maximization of production. A secondary purpose was to determine an equation for exponential depletion of proved reserves which presented a more comprehensive representation of reserve-to-production ratio values than an inadequate and frequently used aggregate historical method. The final purpose of this study was to determine the most accurate delay time for a proved reserve to achieve maximum production. This calculated time provided a measure of the discounted cost and calculation of net present value for developing new reserves. This study concluded that the theoretical model developed by this research may be used to provide a predictive equation for each major oil and gas state so that a net present value to undiscounted net cash flow ratio might be calculated in order to establish an investment signal for profit maximizers. This equation inferred how production decisions were influenced by exogenous factors, such as price, and how policies performed which lead to recommendations regarding effective policies and prudent planning.

A Systematic Review for Functional Neuroimaging Studies of Cognitive Reserve Across the Cognitive Aging Spectrum.

PubMed

Anthony, Mia; Lin, Feng

2017-12-13

Cognitive reserve has been proposed to explain the discrepancy between clinical symptoms and the effects of aging or Alzheimer's pathology. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) may help elucidate how neural reserve and compensation delay cognitive decline and identify brain regions associated with cognitive reserve. This systematic review evaluated neural correlates of cognitive reserve via fMRI (resting-state and task-related) studies across the cognitive aging spectrum (i.e., normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and Alzheimer's disease). This review examined published articles up to March 2017. There were 13 cross-sectional observational studies that met the inclusion criteria, including relevance to cognitive reserve, subjects 60 years or older with normal cognition, mild cognitive impairment, and/or Alzheimer's disease, at least one quantitative measure of cognitive reserve, and fMRI as the imaging modality. Quality assessment of included studies was conducted using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale adapted for cross-sectional studies. Across the cognitive aging spectrum, medial temporal regions and an anterior or posterior cingulate cortex-seeded default mode network were associated with neural reserve. Frontal regions and the dorsal attentional network were related to neural compensation. Compared to neural reserve, neural compensation was more common in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Neural reserve and compensation both support cognitive reserve, with compensation more common in later stages of the cognitive aging spectrum. Longitudinal and intervention studies are needed to investigate changes between neural reserve and compensation during the transition between clinical stages, and to explore the causal relationship between cognitive reserve and potential neural substrates. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Spillover Effects of a Community-Managed Marine Reserve

PubMed Central

da Silva, Isabel Marques; Hill, Nick; Shimadzu, Hideyasu; Soares, Amadeu M. V. M.; Dornelas, Maria

2015-01-01

The value of no-take marine reserves as fisheries-management tools is controversial, particularly in high-poverty areas where human populations depend heavily on fish as a source of protein. Spillover, the net export of adult fish, is one mechanism by which no-take marine reserves may have a positive influence on adjacent fisheries. Spillover can contribute to poverty alleviation, although its effect is modulated by the number of fishermen and fishing intensity. In this study, we quantify the effects of a community-managed marine reserve in a high poverty area of Northern Mozambique. For this purpose, underwater visual censuses of reef fish were undertaken at three different times: 3 years before (2003), at the time of establishment (2006) and 6 years after the marine reserve establishment (2012). The survey locations were chosen inside, outside and on the border of the marine reserve. Benthic cover composition was quantified at the same sites in 2006 and 2012. After the reserve establishment, fish sizes were also estimated. Regression tree models show that the distance from the border and the time after reserve establishment were the variables with the strongest effect on fish abundance. The extent and direction of the spillover depends on trophic group and fish size. Poisson Generalized Linear Models show that, prior to the reserve establishment, the survey sites did not differ but, after 6 years, the abundance of all fish inside the reserve has increased and caused spillover of herbivorous fish. Spillover was detected 1km beyond the limit of the reserve for small herbivorous fishes. Six years after the establishment of a community-managed reserve, the fish assemblages have changed dramatically inside the reserve, and spillover is benefitting fish assemblages outside the reserve. PMID:25927235

Reserve size and fragmentation alter community assembly, diversity, and dynamics.

PubMed

Lasky, Jesse R; Keitt, Timothy H

2013-11-01

Researchers have disputed whether a single large habitat reserve will support more species than many small reserves. However, relatively little is known from a theoretical perspective about how reserve size affects competitive communities structured by spatial abiotic gradients. We investigate how reserve size affects theoretical communities whose assembly is governed by dispersal limitation, abiotic niche differentiation, and source-sink dynamics. Simulations were conducted with varying scales of dispersal across landscapes with variable environmental spatial autocorrelation. Landscapes were inhabited by simulated trees with seedling and adult stages. For a fixed total area in reserves, we found that small reserve systems increased the distance between environments dominated by different species, diminishing the effects of source-sink dynamics. As reserve size decreased, environmental limitations to community assembly became stronger, α species richness decreased, and γ richness increased. When dispersal occurred across short distances, a large reserve strategy caused greater stochastic community variation, greater α richness, and lower γ richness than in small reserve systems. We found that reserve size variation trades off between preserving different aspects of natural communities, including α diversity versus γ diversity. Optimal reserve size will depend on the importance of source-sink dynamics and the value placed on different characteristics of natural communities. Anthropogenic changes to the size and separation of remnant habitats can have far-reaching effects on community structure and assembly.

Reserve selection with land market feedbacks.

PubMed

Butsic, Van; Lewis, David J; Radeloff, Volker C

2013-01-15

How to best site reserves is a leading question for conservation biologists. Recently, reserve selection has emphasized efficient conservation: maximizing conservation goals given the reality of limited conservation budgets, and this work indicates that land market can potentially undermine the conservation benefits of reserves by increasing property values and development probabilities near reserves. Here we propose a reserve selection methodology which optimizes conservation given both a budget constraint and land market feedbacks by using a combination of econometric models along with stochastic dynamic programming. We show that amenity based feedbacks can be accounted for in optimal reserve selection by choosing property price and land development models which exogenously estimate the effects of reserve establishment. In our empirical example, we use previously estimated models of land development and property prices to select parcels to maximize coarse woody debris along 16 lakes in Vilas County, WI, USA. Using each lake as an independent experiment, we find that including land market feedbacks in the reserve selection algorithm has only small effects on conservation efficacy. Likewise, we find that in our setting heuristic (minloss and maxgain) algorithms perform nearly as well as the optimal selection strategy. We emphasize that land market feedbacks can be included in optimal reserve selection; the extent to which this improves reserve placement will likely vary across landscapes. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

12 CFR 209.3 - Cancellation of Reserve Bank stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cancellation of Reserve Bank stock. 209.3 Section 209.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ISSUE AND CANCELLATION OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANK CAPITAL STOCK (REGULATION I) § 209.3 Cancellation of...

31 CFR 210.7 - Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Federal Reserve Banks. 210.7 Section... CLEARING HOUSE General § 210.7 Federal Reserve Banks. (a) Fiscal Agents. Each Federal Reserve Bank serves... under this part. As Fiscal Agent, each Federal Reserve Bank shall be responsible only to the Treasury...

12 CFR 209.3 - Cancellation of Reserve Bank stock.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Cancellation of Reserve Bank stock. 209.3 Section 209.3 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM ISSUE AND CANCELLATION OF FEDERAL RESERVE BANK CAPITAL STOCK (REGULATION I) § 209.3 Cancellation of...

7 CFR 984.456 - Disposition of reserve walnuts and walnuts used for reserve disposition credit.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... reserve disposition credit. 984.456 Section 984.456 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of....456 Disposition of reserve walnuts and walnuts used for reserve disposition credit. (a) Beginning... walnuts in authorized outlets. (b) Any handler who desires to transfer disposition credit in excess of his...

12 CFR 217.12-217.19 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 217.12-217.19 Section 217.12-217.19 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM CAPITAL ADEQUACY OF BOARD-REGULATED INSTITUTIONS Capital Ratio Requirements and Buffers §§ 217.12-217.19 [Reserved] ...

12 CFR 204.135 - Shifting funds between depository institutions to make use of the low reserve tranche.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS... prevent evasions of the requirements of that section. Section 19(b)(2) establishes general reserve... that is exempt from transaction account reserve requirements. [57 FR 38429, Aug. 25, 1992] ...

7 CFR 25.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Indian reservations. 25.500 Section 25.500 Agriculture... § 25.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area in an Indian reservation shall be treated as nominated by a... paragraph (a) of this section, a reservation governing body must be the governing body of an Indian entity...

7 CFR 25.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Indian reservations. 25.500 Section 25.500 Agriculture... § 25.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area in an Indian reservation shall be treated as nominated by a... paragraph (a) of this section, a reservation governing body must be the governing body of an Indian entity...

7 CFR 25.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Indian reservations. 25.500 Section 25.500 Agriculture... § 25.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area in an Indian reservation shall be treated as nominated by a... paragraph (a) of this section, a reservation governing body must be the governing body of an Indian entity...

7 CFR 25.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Indian reservations. 25.500 Section 25.500 Agriculture... § 25.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area in an Indian reservation shall be treated as nominated by a... paragraph (a) of this section, a reservation governing body must be the governing body of an Indian entity...

7 CFR 761.203 - National reserves for Farm Ownership and Operating loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Farm Loan Programs Funds to State Offices § 761.203 National reserves for Farm Ownership and Operating loans. (a) Reservation of funds. At the start of each fiscal year, the National Office reserves a portion of the funds available for each direct and guaranteed loan program. These reserves enable the...

77 FR 59651 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Wupatki...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Prescott... Tribe of the Fort Apache Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian... Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation, Arizona; and...

77 FR 59657 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Walnut...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Prescott...; Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the... Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Prescott...

77 FR 59652 - Notice of Inventory Completion: U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Wupatki...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-28

... Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai Reservation, Arizona; Ysleta...-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; and Yavapai-Prescott Tribe of the Yavapai... Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Apache Nation of the Camp Verde Indian Reservation, Arizona; Yavapai-Prescott...

26 CFR 1.810-2 - Rules for certain reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... insurance reserves on a preliminary term basis elects to revalue such reserves on a net level premium basis... insurance reserves (as defined in section 801(b) and § 1.801-4); (2) The unearned premiums and unpaid losses... liabilities for premium deposit funds. (6) Special contingency reserves under contracts of group term life...

Reserve growth during financial volatility in a technologically challenging world

USGS Publications Warehouse

Klett, Timothy R.; Gautier, Donald L.

2010-01-01

Reserve growth (growth-to-known) is the addition of oil and gas quantities to reported proved or proved-plus-probable reserves in discovered fields. The amount of reserve growth fluctuates through time with prevailing economic and technological conditions. Most reserve additions are the result of investment in field operations and in development technology. These investments can be justified by higher prices of oil and gas, the desire to maintain cash flow, and by greater recovery efficiency in well established fields. The price/cost ratio affects decisions for field abandonment and (or) implementation of improved recovery methods. Although small- to medium-size fields might show higher percentages of reserve growth, a relatively few giant fields contribute most volumetric reserve growth, indicating that companies may prefer to invest in existing fields with low geologic and production risk and an established infrastructure in order to increase their price/cost relationship. Whereas many previous estimates of reserve growth were based on past trends of reported reserves, future reserve growth is expected to be greatly affected by financial volatility and fluctuating economic and technological conditions.

Advance reservation access control using software-defined networking and tokens

DOE PAGES

Chung, Joaquin; Jung, Eun-Sung; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar; ...

2017-03-09

Advance reservation systems allow users to reserve dedicated bandwidth connection resources from advanced high-speed networks. A common use case for such systems is data transfers in distributed science environments in which a user wants exclusive access to the reservation. However, current advance network reservation methods cannot ensure exclusive access of a network reservation to the specific flow for which the user made the reservation. We present in this paper a novel network architecture that addresses this limitation and ensures that a reservation is used only by the intended flow. We achieve this by leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) and token-based authorization.more » We use SDN to orchestrate and automate the reservation of networking resources, end-to-end and across multiple administrative domains, and tokens to create a strong binding between the user or application that requested the reservation and the flows provisioned by SDN. Finally, we conducted experiments on the ESNet 100G SDN testbed, and demonstrated that our system effectively protects authorized flows from competing traffic in the network.« less

Disappearance of endangered turtles within China's nature reserves.

PubMed

Gong, Shi-Ping; Shi, Hai-Tao; Jiang, Ai-Wu; Fong, Jonathan J; Gaillard, Daniel; Wang, Ji-Chao

2017-03-06

China ranks first among Northern hemisphere countries for species richness, but approximately 43% of its species are threatened [1], with harvesting being the major threat to vertebrates [2]. To protect its biodiversity, China has established about 2,700 nature reserves covering 1.46 million km 2 ( about 15% of China's territory, a percentage higher than the world average [3]). With increasing habitat destruction and harvesting, nature reserves are the final refugia for threatened species. However, many Chinese nature reserves are poorly managed, leaving them vulnerable to poaching and other human encroachment [4]. In this study, we conducted a 12-year (2002-2013) case study on turtles to illustrate the damaging impacts China's nature reserves have on wildlife conservation. We discovered that poaching occurred in all of the 56 reserves surveyed, resulting in dramatically reduced turtle populations. In a majority of the reserves, the reserve staff themselves were involved in poaching. Although nature reserves were created to protect plants and animals, they have become part of the problem due to weak enforcement of rules. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Advance reservation access control using software-defined networking and tokens

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chung, Joaquin; Jung, Eun-Sung; Kettimuthu, Rajkumar

Advance reservation systems allow users to reserve dedicated bandwidth connection resources from advanced high-speed networks. A common use case for such systems is data transfers in distributed science environments in which a user wants exclusive access to the reservation. However, current advance network reservation methods cannot ensure exclusive access of a network reservation to the specific flow for which the user made the reservation. We present in this paper a novel network architecture that addresses this limitation and ensures that a reservation is used only by the intended flow. We achieve this by leveraging software-defined networking (SDN) and token-based authorization.more » We use SDN to orchestrate and automate the reservation of networking resources, end-to-end and across multiple administrative domains, and tokens to create a strong binding between the user or application that requested the reservation and the flows provisioned by SDN. Finally, we conducted experiments on the ESNet 100G SDN testbed, and demonstrated that our system effectively protects authorized flows from competing traffic in the network.« less

Method, apparatus and system for managing queue operations of a test bench environment

DOEpatents

Ostler, Farrell Lynn

2016-07-19

Techniques and mechanisms for performing dequeue operations for agents of a test bench environment. In an embodiment, a first group of agents are each allocated a respective ripe reservation and a second set of agents are each allocated a respective unripe reservation. Over time, queue management logic allocates respective reservations to agents and variously changes one or more such reservations from unripe to ripe. In another embodiment, an order of servicing agents allocated unripe reservations is based on relative priorities of the unripe reservations with respect to one another. An order of servicing agents allocated ripe reservations is on a first come, first served basis.

Temporal changes in giant panda habitat connectivity across boundaries of Wolong Nature Reserve, China.

PubMed

Viña, Andrés; Bearer, Scott; Chen, Xiaodong; He, Guangming; Linderman, Marc; An, Li; Zhang, Hemin; Ouyang, Zhiyun; Liu, Jianguo

2007-06-01

Global biodiversity loss is largely driven by human activities such as the conversion of natural to human-dominated landscapes. A popular approach to mitigating land cover change is the designation of protected areas (e.g., nature reserves). Nature reserves are traditionally perceived as strongholds of biodiversity conservation. However, many reserves are affected by land cover changes not only within their boundaries, but also in their surrounding areas. This study analyzed the changes in habitat for the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) inside Wolong Nature Reserve, Sichuan, China, and in a 3-km buffer area outside its boundaries, through a time series of classified satellite imagery and field observations. Habitat connectivity between the inside and the outside of the reserve diminished between 1965 and 2001 because panda habitat was steadily lost both inside and outside the reserve. However, habitat connectivity slightly increased between 1997 and 2001 due to the stabilization of some panda habitat inside and outside the reserve. This stabilization most likely occurred as a response to changes in socioeconomic activities (e.g., shifts from agricultural to nonagricultural economies). Recently implemented government policies could further mitigate the impacts of land cover change on panda habitat. The results suggest that Wolong Nature Reserve, and perhaps other nature reserves in other parts of the world, cannot be managed as an isolated entity because habitat connectivity declines with land cover changes outside the reserve even if the area inside the reserve is well protected. The findings and approaches presented in this paper may also have important implications for the management of other nature reserves across the world.

[Climate change risk of nature reserve and its assessment: A case study of Dalinuoer National Nature Reserve in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region].

PubMed

Zhao, Wei; Shen, Wei Shou; Liu, Hai Yue

2016-12-01

According to the theoretical framework of addressing climate change based on risk mana-gement and the challenge to nature reserve management under climate change, climate change risk of nature reserve was analyzed and defined. Focus on birds and water habitat, grassland habitat, forest habitat, wetland habitat in Dalinuoer Nature Reserve, risk assessment method of nature reserve under climate change was formulated, climate change risks to Dalinuoer Nature Reserve and its habitats were assessed and predicted. The results showed that, during the period from 1997 to 2010, there was significant volatility in dynamic changes of climate change risks to Dalinuoer Nature Reserve and waterbody, grassland, forest, wetland in the region, Dalinuoer Nature Reserve and its habitats were in status of risk in 1999, 2001, 2005 and 2008, wetland habitat was also in status of risk in 2002 and 2004. Under scenario A, B and C, climate change risks to Dalinuoer Nature Reserve and waterbody, grassland, forest, wetland in the region would be more serious in 2020 and 2030, compared with the 2010 level. Climate change risks to different habitats were different significantly, with most serious climate change risk to wetland habitat due to its sensitivity to climate change and rich bird resources. The effect of climate change on nature reserve and related risk would be aggravated by excess utilization of water resource and grassland resource. As climate change risks had appeared in Dalinuoer Nature Reserve, risk management associated with climate change could greatly help to maintain and enhance biodiversity protection function of nature reserves.

Study on the evaluation index of active power reserve

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Xiaorui; Liu, Jiantao; Wang, Ke; Min, Lu

2018-01-01

Based on the role of active reserve at different time scales, divides the evaluation dimension of active reserve. Analysis the calculation principle of traditional reliability index such as probability of system safety, lack of power shortage and electricity shortage expectancy, and studies the applicability of these indicators to evaluate the reserve capacity on different dimensions. Resolves the evaluation index of active reserve capacity from the dimensions of time dimension, spatial dimension, system state, risk degree and economy, then construct evaluation index of active reserve capacity.

A new Starlight Reserve for the central South Island of New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hearnshaw, John

2015-03-01

The Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve is a new reserve created in 2012 by the International Dark-Sky Association in the central South Island of New Zealand, and covers over 4300 square kilometres around Mt John University Observatory. It is the first such reserve to be recognized at gold tier level and is the largest dark sky reserve in the world. Astro-tourism in the new reserve will be a prominent activity in the coming years.

How to resolve the SLOSS debate: lessons from species-diversity models.

PubMed

Tjørve, Even

2010-05-21

The SLOSS debate--whether a single large reserve will conserve more species than several small--of the 1970s and 1980s never came to a resolution. The first rule of reserve design states that one large reserve will conserve the most species, a rule which has been heavily contested. Empirical data seem to undermine the reliance on general rules, indicating that the best strategy varies from case to case. Modeling has also been deployed in this debate. We may divide the modeling approaches to the SLOSS enigma into dynamic and static approaches. Dynamic approaches, covered by the fields of island equilibrium theory of island biogeography and metapopulation theory, look at immigration, emigration, and extinction. Static approaches, such as the one in this paper, illustrate how several factors affect the number of reserves that will save the most species. This article approaches the effect of different factors by the application of species-diversity models. These models combine species-area curves for two or more reserves, correcting for the species overlap between them. Such models generate several predictions on how different factors affect the optimal number of reserves. The main predictions are: Fewer and larger reserves are favored by increased species overlap between reserves, by faster growth in number of species with reserve area increase, by higher minimum-area requirements, by spatial aggregation and by uneven species abundances. The effect of increased distance between smaller reserves depends on the two counteracting factors: decreased species density caused by isolation (which enhances minimum-area effect) and decreased overlap between isolates. The first decreases the optimal number of reserves; the second increases the optimal number. The effect of total reserve-system area depends both on the shape of the species-area curve and on whether overlap between reserves changes with scale. The approach to modeling presented here has several implications for conservational strategies. It illustrates well how the SLOSS enigma can be reduced to a question of the shape of the species-area curve that is expected or generated from reserves of different sizes and a question of overlap between isolates (or reserves). Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ready, Reliable, and Relevant: The Army Reserve Component as an Operational Reserve

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-05-21

SUBJECT TERMS Army Reserve Component, Army National Guard, United States Army Reserve, Operational Reserve, Total Force Policy, Mobilization...School of Advanced Military Studies Henry A. Arnold III, COL, IN Accepted this 21st day of May 2015 by...Component (AC). Fifth, the Army’s “ Total Force 2 “Army National Guard History: Always Ready

12 CFR 210.4 - Sending items to Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Sending items to Reserve Banks. 210.4 Section... a Reserve Bank. (2) A Reserve Bank that is not described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is not...) of this subpart. (c) Checks received at par. The Reserve Banks shall receive cash items and other...

12 CFR 210.4 - Sending items to Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Sending items to Reserve Banks. 210.4 Section... a Reserve Bank. (2) A Reserve Bank that is not described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is not...) of this subpart. (c) Checks received at par. The Reserve Banks shall receive cash items and other...

12 CFR 210.4 - Sending items to Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Sending items to Reserve Banks. 210.4 Section... a Reserve Bank. (2) A Reserve Bank that is not described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section is not...) of this subpart. (c) Checks received at par. The Reserve Banks shall receive cash items and other...

26 CFR 1.801-4 - Life insurance reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Life insurance reserves. 1.801-4 Section 1.801-4...) INCOME TAXES Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-4 Life insurance reserves. (a) Life insurance reserves defined. For purposes of part I, subchapter L, chapter 1 of the Code, the term life insurance reserves (as...

Indian Economic Development: An Evaluation of EDA's Selected Indian Reservation Program. Volume II: Individual Reservation Reports, Appendices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boise Cascade Center for Community Development, ID.

As the appendices to an evaluation of the Economic Development Administration's (EDA) Selected Indian Reservation Program, this portion of the evaluation report presents individualized evaluations of each of the 16 reservations originally selected for the program in 1967. Each reservation evaluation is presented in terms of the following format:…

Veterinary Science Students, Center Changing a Reservation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blackwater, Jasmine

2011-01-01

Kayenta is a rural community located in northeastern Arizona on a Navajo reservation. On the reservation, many families rely on their livestock for income, and as a result, many reservation high school students show a great interest in agricultural education. Having livestock on the reservation is not just a source of income, but also part of a…

26 CFR 1.810-3 - Adjustment for change in computing reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... restatement under section 818(c) 60 75 Strengthened reserves at 2-percent assumed rate and net level premium... preliminary term basis on January 1, 1960 ($50) and the reserves restated on the net level premium basis on... life insurance reserves on a preliminary term basis elects to revalue such reserves on a net level...

Improving the Design of a Conservation Reserve for a Critically Endangered Species

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

Setting aside protected areas is a key strategy for tackling biodiversity loss. Reserve effectiveness depends on the extent to which protected areas capture both known occurrences and areas likely to support the species. We assessed the effectiveness of the existing reserve network for Leadbeater’s Possum (Gymnobelideus leadbeateri) and other forest-dependent species, and compared the existing reserve system to a set of plausible reserve expansion options based on area targets implied in a recent Population Viability Analysis (PVA). The existing Leadbeater’s Reserve and surrounding reserve system captured 7.6% and 29.6% of cumulative habitat suitability, respectively, across the landscape. Expanded reserve scenarios captured 34% to 62% of cumulative habitat suitability. We found acute trade-offs between conserving Leadbeater’s Possum habitat and conserving habitat of other forest-dependent species. Our analysis provides a template for systematically expanding and evaluating reserve expansion options in terms of trade-offs between priority species’ needs. PMID:28121984

Habitat assessment for giant pandas in the Qinling Mountain region of China

USGS Publications Warehouse

Feng, Tian-Tian; Van Manen, Frank T.; Zhao, Na-Xun; Li, Ming; Wei, Fu-Wen

2009-01-01

Because habitat loss and fragmentation threaten giant pandas (Ailuropoda melanoleuca), habitat protection and restoration are important conservation measures for this endangered species. However, distribution and value of potential habitat to giant pandas on a regional scale are not fully known. Therefore, we identified and ranked giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve, Guanyinshan Nature Reserve, and adjacent areas in the Qinling Mountains of China. We used Mahalanobis distance and 11 digital habitat layers to develop a multivariate habitat signature associated with 247 surveyed giant panda locations, which we then applied to the study region. We identified approximately 128 km2 of giant panda habitat in Foping Nature Reserve (43.6% of the reserve) and 49 km2 in Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (33.6% of the reserve). We defined core habitat areas by incorporating a minimum patch-size criterion (5.5 km2) based on home-range size. Percentage of core habitat area was higher in Foping Nature Reserve (41.8% of the reserve) than Guanyinshan Nature Reserve (26.3% of the reserve). Within the larger analysis region, Foping Nature Reserve contained 32.7% of all core habitat areas we identified, indicating regional importance of the reserve. We observed a negative relationship between distribution of core areas and presence of roads and small villages. Protection of giant panda habitat at lower elevations and improvement of habitat linkages among core habitat areas are important in a regional approach to giant panda conservation.

Operational reserve: what should it be used for

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Turner, A.F.

1988-05-08

This monograph discusses the operational reserve and the roles in which it can be employed. If war occurs in Central Europe, the out-numbered forces of NATO will face a situation where the operations of the reserve will be critical to the outcome of the war. The monograph first examines operational theory and its discussion of the reserve. It then briefly reviews the missions specified for the reserve in tactical level doctrine. Using that as a basis, the monograph studies the differences between a tactical and an operational reserve. It then suggests other missions that can be assigned to an operationalmore » reserve that would meet operational and strategic requirements. Included in the discussion is an assessment of the impact of nuclear weapons and future technology on the use of the reserve. Two methods for employing the reserve are suggested. The two methods are applied to historical case studies. A means to assess the utility of the model, and by extension, the use of the reserves both in the past and in the future is then offered. The monograph concludes that the operational reserve should be used in an offensive, or counteroffensive manner. It concludes that its use is a one time only affair and that if employed it should be in a manner that will achieve, or set the precursor for the achievement, of a strategic goal. It concludes that using the operational reserve defensively risks loss of the campaign and the theater.« less

Political economy of marine reserves: Understanding the role of opportunity costs

PubMed Central

Smith, Martin D.; Lynham, John; Sanchirico, James N.; Wilson, James A.

2010-01-01

The creation of marine reserves is often controversial. For decisionmakers, trying to find compromises, an understanding of the timing, magnitude, and incidence of the costs of a reserve is critical. Understanding the costs, in turn, requires consideration of not just the direct financial costs but also the opportunity costs associated with reserves. We use a discrete choice model of commercial fishermen’s behavior to examine both the short-run and long-run opportunity costs of marine reserves. Our results can help policymakers recognize the factors influencing commercial fishermen’s responses to reserve proposals. More generally, we highlight the potential drivers behind the political economy of marine reserves. PMID:20133732

Reserve Educational Assistance Program (REAP), Chapter 1607 Title 10, U.S. Code

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2005

2005-01-01

The Reserve Education Assistance Program, or REAP (Chapter 1607 of title 10, U.S. Code), is a new benefit providing educational assistance to members of the reserve components--Selected Reserve (Sel Res) and Individual Ready Reserve (IRR)--who are called or ordered to active service in response to a war or national emergency, as declared by the…

76 FR 68502 - National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2011 and Notice of Availability of the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-04

... Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2011 and Notice of Availability of the Detailed Statement of Sale for Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2011 in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska AGENCY: Bureau of Land... tracts in the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska. The United States reserves the right to withdraw any...

Cognitive Activities During Adulthood Are More Important than Education in Building Reserve

PubMed Central

Reed, Bruce R.; Dowling, Maritza; Farias, Sarah Tomaszewski; Sonnen, Joshua; Strauss, Milton; Schneider, Julie A.; Bennett, David A.; Mungas, Dan

2012-01-01

Cognitive reserve is thought to reflect life experiences. Which experiences contribute to reserve and their relative importance is not understood. Subjects were 652 autopsied cases from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study. Reserve was defined as the residual variance of the regressions of cognitive factors on brain pathology and was captured in a latent variable that was regressed on potential determinants of reserve. Neuropathology variables included Alzheimer’s disease markers, Lewy bodies, infarcts, microinfarcts, and brain weight. Cognition was measured with six cognitive domain scores. Determinants of reserve were socioeconomic status (SES), education, leisure cognitive activities at age 40 (CA40) and at study enrollment (CAbaseline) in late life. The four exogenous predictors of reserve were weakly to moderately inter-correlated. In a multivariate model, all except SES had statistically significant effects on Reserve, the strongest of which were CA40 (β= .31) and CAbaseline (β= .28). The Education effect was negative in the full model (β= −.25). Results suggest that leisure cognitive activities throughout adulthood are more important than education in determining reserve. Discrepancies between cognitive activity and education may be informative in estimating late life reserve. PMID:23131600

Cognitive activities during adulthood are more important than education in building reserve.

PubMed

Reed, Bruce R; Dowling, Maritza; Tomaszewski Farias, Sarah; Sonnen, Joshua; Strauss, Milton; Schneider, Julie A; Bennett, David A; Mungas, Dan

2011-07-01

Cognitive reserve is thought to reflect life experiences. Which experiences contribute to reserve and their relative importance is not understood. Subjects were 652 autopsied cases from the Rush Memory and Aging Project and the Religious Orders Study. Reserve was defined as the residual variance of the regressions of cognitive factors on brain pathology and was captured in a latent variable that was regressed on potential determinants of reserve. Neuropathology variables included Alzheimer's disease markers, Lewy bodies, infarcts, microinfarcts, and brain weight. Cognition was measured with six cognitive domain scores. Determinants of reserve were socioeconomic status (SES), education, leisure cognitive activities at age 40 (CA40) and at study enrollment (CAbaseline) in late life. The four exogenous predictors of reserve were weakly to moderately inter-correlated. In a multivariate model, all except SES had statistically significant effects on Reserve, the strongest of which were CA40 (β = .31) and CAbaseline (β = .28). The Education effect was negative in the full model (β = -.25). Results suggest that leisure cognitive activities throughout adulthood are more important than education in determining reserve. Discrepancies between cognitive activity and education may be informative in estimating late life reserve.

Reserve valuation in electric power systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruiz, Pablo Ariel

Operational reliability is provided in part by scheduling capacity in excess of the load forecast. This reserve capacity balances the uncertain power demand with the supply in real time and provides for equipment outages. Traditionally, reserve scheduling has been ensured by enforcing reserve requirements in the operations planning. An alternate approach is to employ a stochastic formulation, which allows the explicit modeling of the sources of uncertainty. This thesis compares stochastic and reserve methods and evaluates the benefits of a combined approach for the efficient management of uncertainty in the unit commitment problem. Numerical studies show that the unit commitment solutions obtained for the combined approach are robust and superior with respect to the traditional approach. These robust solutions are especially valuable in areas with a high proportion of wind power, as their built-in flexibility allows the dispatch of practically all the available wind power while minimizing the costs of operation. The scheduled reserve has an economic value since it reduces the outage costs. In several electricity markets, reserve demand functions have been implemented to take into account the value of reserve in the market clearing process. These often take the form of a step-down function at the reserve requirement level, and as such they may not appropriately represent the reserve value. The value of reserve is impacted by the reliability, dynamic and stochastic characteristics of system components, the system operation policies, and the economic aspects such as the risk preferences of the demand. In this thesis, these aspects are taken into account to approximate the reserve value and construct reserve demand functions. Illustrative examples show that the demand functions constructed have similarities with those implemented in some markets.

Site Plan: Real Estate, Custer Reserve Forces Training Area, Military ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Site Plan: Real Estate, Custer Reserve Forces Training Area, Military Reservation, USACOE, 20 July 1948 - Fort Custer Military Reservation, Bounded by Territorial, Dickman, & Longman Roads & Route 94 Business, Battle Creek, Calhoun County, MI

Reserves Protect against Deforestation Fires in the Amazon

PubMed Central

Adeney, J. Marion; Christensen, Norman L.; Pimm, Stuart L.

2009-01-01

Background Reserves are the principal means to conserve forests and biodiversity, but the question of whether reserves work is still debated. In the Amazon, fires are closely linked to deforestation, and thus can be used as a proxy for reserve effectiveness in protecting forest cover. We ask whether reserves in the Brazilian Amazon provide effective protection against deforestation and consequently fires, whether that protection is because of their location or their legal status, and whether some reserve types are more effective than others. Methodology/Principal Findings Previous work has shown that most Amazonian fires occur close to roads and are more frequent in El Niño years. We quantified these relationships for reserves and unprotected areas by examining satellite-detected hot pixels regressed against road distance across the entire Brazilian Amazon and for a decade with 2 El Niño-related droughts. Deforestation fires, as measured by hot pixels, declined exponentially with increasing distance from roads in all areas. Fewer deforestation fires occurred within protected areas than outside and the difference between protected and unprotected areas was greatest near roads. Thus, reserves were especially effective at preventing these fires where they are known to be most likely to burn; but they did not provide absolute protection. Even within reserves, at a given distance from roads, there were more deforestation fires in regions with high human impact than in those with low impact. The effect of El Niño on deforestation fires was greatest outside of reserves and near roads. Indigenous reserves, limited-use reserves, and fully protected reserves all had fewer fires than outside areas and did not appear to differ in their effectiveness. Conclusions/Significance Taking time, regional factors, and climate into account, our results show that reserves are an effective tool for curbing destructive burning in the Amazon. PMID:19352423

77 FR 60107 - National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-02

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Estuarine Research... Research Reserve Management Plan Revisions. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that the Estuarine Reserves..., Alaska National Estuarine Research Reserve Management Plan Revisions. The revised management plans...

Cognitive reserve in ageing and Alzheimer's disease

PubMed Central

Stern, Yaakov

2012-01-01

The concept of reserve accounts for individual differences in susceptibility to age-related brain changes or Alzheimer's disease-related pathology. There is evidence that some people can tolerate more of these changes than others and still maintain function. Epidemiologic studies suggest that lifetime exposures including educational and occupational attainment, and leisure activities in late life, can increase this reserve. For example, there is a reduced risk of developing Alzheimer's disease in individuals with higher educational or occupational attainment. It is convenient to think of two types of reserve: brain reserve, which refers to actual differences in the brain itself that may increase tolerance of pathology, and cognitive reserve. Cognitive reserve refers to individual differences in how tasks are performed that may allow some people to be more resilient than others. The concept of cognitive reserve holds out the promise of interventions that could slow cognitive aging or reduce the risk of dementia. PMID:23079557

Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Verma, Mahendra K.; Ulmishek, Gregory F.

2006-01-01

Although reserve (or field) growth has proven to be an important factor contributing to new reserves in mature petroleum basins, it is still a poorly understood phenomenon. Limited studies show that the magnitude of reserve growth is controlled by several major factors, including (1) the reserve booking and reporting requirements in each country, (2) improvements in reservoir characterization and simulation, (3) application of enhanced oil recovery techniques, and (4) the discovery of new and extensions of known pools in discovered fields. Various combinations of these factors can affect the estimates of proven reserves in particular fields and may dictate repeated estimations of reserves during a field's life. This study explores the reserve growth in the 42 largest oil fields in the West Siberian Basin, which contain about 55 percent of the basin's total oil reserves. The West Siberian Basin occupies a vast swampy plain between the Ural Mountains and the Yenisey River, and extends offshore into the Kara Sea; it is the richest petroleum province in Russia. About 600 oil and gas fields with original reserves of 144 billion barrels of oil (BBO) and more than 1,200 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) have been discovered. The principal oil reserves and most of the oil fields are in the southern half of the basin, whereas the northern half contains mainly gas reserves. Sedimentary strata in the basin consist of Upper Triassic through Tertiary clastic rocks. Most oil is produced from Neocomian (Lower Cretaceous) marine to deltaic sandstone reservoirs, although substantial oil reserves are also in the marine Upper Jurassic and continental to paralic Lower to Middle Jurassic sequences. The majority of oil fields are in structural traps, which are gentle, platform-type anticlines with closures ranging from several tens of meters to as much as 150 meters (490 feet). Fields producing from stratigraphic traps are generally smaller except for the giant Talin field which contains oil in Jurassic river-valley sandstones. Principal source rocks are organic-rich marine shales of the Volgian (uppermost Jurassic) Bazhenov Formation, which is 30-50 m (98- 164 feet) thick. Bazhenov-derived oils are mostly of medium gravity, and contain 0.8-1.3 percent sulfur and 2-5 percent paraffin. Oils in the Lower to Middle Jurassic clastics were sourced from lacustrine and estuarine shales of the Toarcian Togur Bed. These oils are medium to low gravity, with low sulfur (less than 0.25 percent) and high paraffin (commonly to 10 percent) contents. Among the 42 fields analyzed for reserve growth, 30 fields are located in the Middle Ob region, which includes the Samotlor field with reserves of more than 25 BBO and the Fedorov field with reserves of about 5 BBO. Data used in the study include year of discovery, year of first production, annual and cumulative production, and remaining reserves reported by Russian reserve categories (A+B+C1 and C2) in January of each year. Correlation of these Russian resource categories to U.S. categories of the Society of Petroleum Engineers classification is complex and somewhat uncertain. Reserve growth in oil fields of West Siberia was calculated using a newly developed Group Growth method, which requires that the total reserve (proven reserve plus cumulative production) of individual fields with an equal length of reserve record be added together starting with discovery year or the first production year. Then the annual growth factor (AGF), which is the ratio of total reserves of two consecutive years, is calculated for all years. Once AGFs have been calculated, the cumulative growth factor (CGF) is calculated by multiplying the AGFs of all the previous years. The CGF data are used to develop reserve growth models. The West Siberian oil fields show a 13-fold reserve growth 20 years after the discovery year and only about a 2-fold growth after the first production year. This difference is attributed to extensive exploration and field delineation activities between the discovery and the first production years. Because of uncertainty in the length of evaluation time and in reported reserves during this initial period, reserve growth based on the first production year is more reliable for model development. However, reserve growth models based both on discovery year and first production year show rapid growth in the first few years and slower growth in the following years. In contrast, the reserve growth patterns for the conterminous United States and offshore Gulf of Mexico show a steady reserve increase throughout the productive lives of the fields. The different reserve booking requirements and the lack of capital investment for improved reservoir management and production technologies in West Siberian fields relative to U.S. fields are the probable causes for the difference in growth patterns. Reserve growth models based on the first production year predict that the reserve growth potential in the 42 largest oil fields of West Siberia over a five-year period (1998-2003) ranges from 270-330 million barrels or 0.34-0.42 percent per year. For a similar five-year period (1996-2001), models for the conterminous United States predict a growth of 0.54-0.75 percent per year. This abstract presents the contents of a poster prepared for the AAPG Hedberg Research Conference on Understanding World Oil Resources, November 12-17, 2006 - Colorado Springs, Colorado. A paper 'Reserve Growth in Oil Fields of West Siberian Basin, Russia' was published in Natural Resources Research, v. 12, no. 2, June, 2003.

24 CFR 597.500 - Indian Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Indian Reservations. 597.500... DESIGNATIONS Special Rules § 597.500 Indian Reservations. No urban Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community may include any area within an Indian reservation. ...

24 CFR 597.500 - Indian Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Indian Reservations. 597.500... DESIGNATIONS Special Rules § 597.500 Indian Reservations. No urban Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community may include any area within an Indian reservation. ...

24 CFR 597.500 - Indian Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Indian Reservations. 597.500 Section... Special Rules § 597.500 Indian Reservations. No urban Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community may include any area within an Indian reservation. ...

24 CFR 597.500 - Indian Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 3 2014-04-01 2013-04-01 true Indian Reservations. 597.500 Section... Special Rules § 597.500 Indian Reservations. No urban Empowerment Zone or Enterprise Community may include any area within an Indian reservation. ...

Indian Reserved Water Rights.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bond, Frank M.

1986-01-01

Traces the distribution, ownership, and water usage associated with lands in the Colville Reservation in Washington State. Cites specific cases which addressed the reserved water rights doctrine. Assesses the impact of court decisions on insuring water rights for Indians living on the Colville Reservation. (ML)

40 CFR 87.63 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

.... Test Procedures § 87.63 [Reserved] Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 36386, June 18, 2012, reserved § 87.63 was removed, effective July 18, 2012. ... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 87.63 Section 87.63...

31 CFR 357.14 - What authority does a Federal Reserve Bank have?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN LEGACY TREASURY DIRECT Treasury/Reserve Automated Debt Entry System (TRADES) § 357.14 What authority does a Federal Reserve Bank have? (a) Each Federal Reserve... system under this part. ...

75 FR 5236 - New Postal Product

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-02

... Description] Premium Stamped Stationery [Reserved for Product Description] Premium Stamped Cards [Reserved for... determine whether such an agreement (1) Improves the net financial position of the Postal Service or... Descriptions First-Class Mail [Reserved for Class Description] Single-Piece Letters/Postcards [Reserved for...

Neuromelanin marks the spot: identifying a locus coeruleus biomarker of cognitive reserve in healthy aging.

PubMed

Clewett, David V; Lee, Tae-Ho; Greening, Steven; Ponzio, Allison; Margalit, Eshed; Mather, Mara

2016-01-01

Leading a mentally stimulating life may build up a reserve of neural and mental resources that preserve cognitive abilities in late life. Recent autopsy evidence links neuronal density in the locus coeruleus (LC), the brain's main source of norepinephrine, to slower cognitive decline before death, inspiring the idea that the noradrenergic system is a key component of reserve (Robertson, I. H. 2013. A noradrenergic theory of cognitive reserve: implications for Alzheimer's disease. Neurobiol. Aging. 34, 298-308). Here, we tested this hypothesis using neuromelanin-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging to visualize and measure LC signal intensity in healthy younger and older adults. Established proxies of reserve, including education, occupational attainment, and verbal intelligence, were linearly correlated with LC signal intensity in both age groups. Results indicated that LC signal intensity was significantly higher in older than younger adults and significantly lower in women than in men. Consistent with the LC-reserve hypothesis, both verbal intelligence and a composite reserve score were positively associated with LC signal intensity in older adults. LC signal intensity was also more strongly associated with attentional shifting ability in older adults with lower cognitive reserve. Together these findings link in vivo estimates of LC neuromelanin signal intensity to cognitive reserve in normal aging. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Survey of U.S. Ancillary Services Markets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhou, Zhi; Levin, Todd; Conzelmann, Guenter

In addition to providing energy to end-consumers, power system operators are also responsible for ensuring system reliability. To this end, power markets maintain an array of ancillary services to ensure that it is always possible to balance the supply and demand for energy in real-time. A subset of these ancillary services are commonly procured through market-based mechanisms: namely, Regulation, Spinning, and Non-spinning Reserves. Regulation Reserves are maintained to respond to supply/demand imbalances over short time frames, typically on the order of several seconds to one minute. Resources that provide Regulation Reserves adjust their generation or load levels in response tomore » automatic generation control (AGC) signals provided by the system operator. Contingency reserves are maintained to provide additional generation capacity in the event that load increases substantially or supply side resources reduce their output or are taken offline. The reserves are typically segmented into two categories, 1) Spinning or Synchronized Reserves that are provided by generation units that are actively generating and have the ability to increase or decrease their output, 2) Non-spinning or Non-synchronized Reserves that are provided by generation resources that are not actively generating, but are able to start up and provide generation within a specified timeframe. Contingency reserves typically have response times on the order of ten to 30 minutes and can also be provided by demand-side resources that are capable of reducing their load. There are seven distinct power markets in the United States, each operated by a Regional Transmission Operator (RTO) or Independent System Operator (ISO) that operates the transmission system in its territory, operates markets for energy and ancillary services, and maintains system reliability. Each power market offers its own set of ancillary services, and precise definitions, requirements, and market mechanisms differ between markets. Despite the differences between markets, both in terms of services offered and system requirements, some broad trends generally apply. Regulation Reserves typically have the highest market prices, followed by Spinning Reserves and Non-spinning Reserves. Prices for Regulation Reserves have been the highest in the PJM market, since it opened in October 2012. This is partially because PJM experienced large price spikes during the period of extreme weather conditions in early 2014. ERCOT has traditionally had the highest prices for Spinning Reserves (called Responsive Reserves in ERCOT), including several periods of sustained high prices between 2010 and 2012. This can be explained in part by the relatively high penetration of variable wind resources and a similarly high requirement relative to peak load. ERCOT has also traditionally had the highest price for Non-spinning Reserves, followed by the NYISO East region. Both have experienced several periods of prolonged high prices since their inception, an occurrence that has not been regularly seen in other markets. In ISO-NE and PJM for example, the market clearing price for Non-spinning Reserves is typically $0/MWh more than 95% of the time. Market volume (in terms of the average amount of capacity of each service that is provided to a system) typically follows the reverse order of prices, as systems maintain the most Non-spinning Reserves capacity followed by Spinning Reserves and Regulation Reserves. PJM generally has the largest market for Regulation Reserves both in terms of capacity. The size of most Regulation Reserves markets in terms of capacity stay relatively constant year-to-year, as this is dictated largely by system requirements. PJM also generally has the largest Spinning Reserves market in terms of capacity. SPP, MISO, ISO-NE and SPP (beginning in 2014) all have Spinning Reserve markets with similar average capacity levels. When combined, the markets for Non-spinning and Operating reserves in ISO-NE have a comparable capacity to the market for Primary Reserves 1 in PJM. SPP, MISO, and CAISO all have smaller markets for their respective Non-spinning Reserves products that are roughly the same size as each other in terms of capacity.« less

Accounting for system dynamics in reserve design.

PubMed

Leroux, Shawn J; Schmiegelow, Fiona K A; Cumming, Steve G; Lessard, Robert B; Nagy, John

2007-10-01

Systematic conservation plans have only recently considered the dynamic nature of ecosystems. Methods have been developed to incorporate climate change, population dynamics, and uncertainty in reserve design, but few studies have examined how to account for natural disturbance. Considering natural disturbance in reserve design may be especially important for the world's remaining intact areas, which still experience active natural disturbance regimes. We developed a spatially explicit, dynamic simulation model, CONSERV, which simulates patch dynamics and fire, and used it to evaluate the efficacy of hypothetical reserve networks in northern Canada. We designed six networks based on conventional reserve design methods, with different conservation targets for woodland caribou habitat, high-quality wetlands, vegetation, water bodies, and relative connectedness. We input the six reserve networks into CONSERV and tracked the ability of each to maintain initial conservation targets through time under an active natural disturbance regime. None of the reserve networks maintained all initial targets, and some over-represented certain features, suggesting that both effectiveness and efficiency of reserve design could be improved through use of spatially explicit dynamic simulation during the planning process. Spatial simulation models of landscape dynamics are commonly used in natural resource management, but we provide the first illustration of their potential use for reserve design. Spatial simulation models could be used iteratively to evaluate competing reserve designs and select targets that have a higher likelihood of being maintained through time. Such models could be combined with dynamic planning techniques to develop a general theory for reserve design in an uncertain world.

Land Use Change Around Nature Reserves: Implications for Sustaining Biodiversity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hansen, A. J.; Defries, R.; Curran, L.; Liu, J.; Reid, R.; Turner, B.

2004-12-01

The effects of land use change outside of reserves on biodiversity within reserves is not well studied. This paper draws on research from Yellowstone, East Africa, Yucatan, Borneo, and Wolong, China to examine land use effects on nature reserves. Objectives are: quantify rates of change in land use around reserves; examine consequences for biodiversity within the context of specific ecological mechanisms; and draw implications for regional management. Within each of the study regions, semi-natural habitats around nature reserves have been converted to agricultural, rural residential, or urban land uses. Rates vary from 0.2-0.4 %/yr in Yucatan, to 9.5 %/yr in Borneo. Such land use changes may be important because nature reserves are often parts of larger ecosystems that are defined by flows in energy, materials, and organisms. Land use outside of reserves may disrupt these flows and alter biodiversity within reserves. Ecological mechanisms that connect biodiversity to these land use changes include habitat size, ecological flows, crucial habitats, and edge effects. For example, the effective size of the East African study area has been reduced by 45% by human activities. Based on the species area relationship, this reduction in habitat area will lead to a loss of 14% of bird and mammal species. A major conclusion is that the viability of nature reserves can best be ensured by managing them in the context of the surrounding region. Knowledge of the ecological mechanisms by which land use influences nature reserves provides design criteria for this regional management.

Oil and gas reserve growth-a model for the Volga-Ural Province, Russia

USGS Publications Warehouse

Verma, M.K.; Ulmishek, G.F.; Gilbershtein, A.P.

2000-01-01

An understanding of reserve growth in known oil and gas fields has become a critical component of energy resource analysis. Significant statistical studies of reserve growth have been published in the U.S., whereas little information is available on other regions of the world. It may be expected that in many countries the magnitude of reserve growth is different from that in the U.S. because of differences in reporting systems and in exploration and production practices. This paper describes the results of a reserve growth study in a group of largest oil and gas fields of the Volga-Ural petroleum province, Russia. The dynamics of reserve growth in these fields shows rapid reserve additions during the first 5 years of field exploration and development, which results from intensive step-out and delineation drilling. Later reserve growth is slow and is related to improvements in recovery technologies and discoveries of new pools and extensions. These two stages of reserve growth are described by two different groups of empirical models. A comparison of these models with the models developed for the lower 48 states and Gulf Coast offshore of the U.S. demonstrates that the reserve growth in the Volga-Ural province is significantly lower than in the U.S. The proposed models may be used for assessment of future reserve additions in known fields of countries that presently have or recently had a centrally-planned economic system.

17 CFR 229.1202 - (Item 1202) Disclosure of reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Continent B TOTAL PROVED PROBABLE Developed Undeveloped POSSIBLE Developed Undeveloped (2) Disclose, in the... following categories: (i) Proved developed reserves; (ii) Proved undeveloped reserves; (iii) Total proved... that country would have the effect of disclosing reserves in particular fields. (3) Reported total...

40 CFR 49.9893 - Legal authority. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal authority. [Reserved] 49.9893 Section 49.9893 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... the Confederated Tribes of the Chehalis Reservation, Washington § 49.9893 Legal authority. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.9953 - Legal authority. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal authority. [Reserved] 49.9953 Section 49.9953 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... the Confederated Tribes of the Colville Reservation, Washington § 49.9953 Legal authority. [Reserved] ...

7 CFR 1703.80-1703.99 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 1703.80-1703.99 Section 1703.80-1703.99 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE RURAL DEVELOPMENT Reserved §§ 1703.80-1703.99 [Reserved] ...

75 FR 65613 - National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Estuarine Research... Research Reserves: North Inlet-Winyah Bay, SC and San Francisco Bay, CA. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given... National Estuarine Research Reserve and the San Francisco Bay, CA National Estuarine Research Reserve. The...

76 FR 16620 - National Estuarine Research Reserve System

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-24

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration National Estuarine Research... Research Reserves: ACE Basin, SC and Old Woman Creek, OH. SUMMARY: Notice is hereby given that the... National Estuarine Research Reserve and Old Woman Creek, OH National Estuarine Research Reserve. The...

17 CFR 229.1202 - (Item 1202) Disclosure of reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Continent B TOTAL PROVED PROBABLE Developed Undeveloped POSSIBLE Developed Undeveloped (2) Disclose, in the... following categories: (i) Proved developed reserves; (ii) Proved undeveloped reserves; (iii) Total proved... that country would have the effect of disclosing reserves in particular fields. (3) Reported total...

50 CFR 654.28 - Tortugas marine reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 10 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Tortugas marine reserves. 654.28 Section 654.28 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC... Tortugas marine reserves. The following activities are prohibited within the Tortugas marine reserves...

50 CFR 654.28 - Tortugas marine reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Tortugas marine reserves. 654.28 Section 654.28 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC... Tortugas marine reserves. The following activities are prohibited within the Tortugas marine reserves...

Geologic constraints on the upper limits of reserve growth

USGS Publications Warehouse

Stanley, Richard G.

2001-01-01

For many oil and gas fields, estimates of ultimate recovery (the sum of cumulative production plus estimated reserves) tend to increase from one year to the next, and the gain is called reserve growth. Forecasts of reserve growth by the U.S. Geological Survey rely on statistical analyses of historical records of oil and gas production and estimated reserves. The preproposal in this Open-File Report suggests that this traditional petroleum–engineering approach to reserve growth might be supplemented, or at least better understood, by using geological data from individual oil and gas fields, 3–D modeling software, and standard volumetric techniques to estimate in–place volumes of oil and gas. Such estimates, in turn, can be used to constrain the upper limits of reserve growth and ultimate recovery from those fields.

Optimal design of compact and connected nature reserves for multiple species.

PubMed

Wang, Yicheng; Önal, Hayri

2016-04-01

When designing a conservation reserve system for multiple species, spatial attributes of the reserves must be taken into account at species level. The existing optimal reserve design literature considers either one spatial attribute or when multiple attributes are considered the analysis is restricted only to one species. We built a linear integer programing model that incorporates compactness and connectivity of the landscape reserved for multiple species. The model identifies multiple reserves that each serve a subset of target species with a specified coverage probability threshold to ensure the species' long-term survival in the reserve, and each target species is covered (protected) with another probability threshold at the reserve system level. We modeled compactness by minimizing the total distance between selected sites and central sites, and we modeled connectivity of a selected site to its designated central site by selecting at least one of its adjacent sites that has a nearer distance to the central site. We considered structural distance and functional distances that incorporated site quality between sites. We tested the model using randomly generated data on 2 species, one ground species that required structural connectivity and the other an avian species that required functional connectivity. We applied the model to 10 bird species listed as endangered by the state of Illinois (U.S.A.). Spatial coherence and selection cost of the reserves differed substantially depending on the weights assigned to these 2 criteria. The model can be used to design a reserve system for multiple species, especially species whose habitats are far apart in which case multiple disjunct but compact and connected reserves are advantageous. The model can be modified to increase or decrease the distance between reserves to reduce or promote population connectivity. © 2015 Society for Conservation Biology.

The Army Reserve: Optimally Seeking Relevance and Readiness in a Fiscally Constrained Environment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-23

out of synchronization with the United States’ economic capacity. After a decade of mobilizing over 200,000 Reservists, the Army Reserve is...Components (RC), which also include the Air National Guard, Naval Reserve, Air Force Reserve, and Marine Corps Reserve. Currently the total mobilization ...Congress had approved the National Guard over 30 years earlier, under the National Defense Act of 1916. With a reorganized DoD in 1949, and mobilization

50 CFR 32.26 - Connecticut.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... and Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. [Reserved] Stewart B. McKinney National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. We allow hunting of duck, coot, and goose on designated areas of the...

76 FR 77229 - Designated Reserve Ratio for 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-12

... FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION Designated Reserve Ratio for 2012 AGENCY: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). ACTION: Notice of Designated Reserve Ratio for 2012. Pursuant to the Federal... the Designated Reserve Ratio (DRR) for the Deposit Insurance Fund shall remain at 2 percent for 2012...

77 FR 74662 - Designated Reserve Ratio for 2013

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-17

... FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION Designated Reserve Ratio for 2013 AGENCY: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). ACTION: Notice of Designated Reserve Ratio for 2013. Pursuant to the Federal... the Designated Reserve Ratio (DRR) for the Deposit Insurance Fund shall remain at 2 percent for 2013...

12 CFR 204.6 - Charges for reserve deficiencies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

.... (a) Deficiencies in a depository institution's required reserve balance, after application of the... authorized to assess charges for deficiencies in required reserves at a rate of 1 percentage point per year... involved, permit a depository institution to eliminate deficiencies in its required reserve balance by...

17 CFR 23.1-23.20 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 23.1-23.20 Section 23.1-23.20 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION SWAP DEALERS AND MAJOR SWAP PARTICIPANTS Reserved §§ 23.1-23.20 [Reserved] ...

76 FR 18737 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) Member Solicitation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-05

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) Member... Committee: Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). Background: Secretary of Defense, George C. Marshall, abolished the Civilian Components Policy Board in June, 1951 and created the Reserve Forces Policy Board...

76 FR 80904 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Member Solicitation

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-27

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Member Solicitation AGENCY: Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board, Department of Defense... advisory committee member solicitation of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION...

12 CFR 204.122 - Secondary market activities of international banking facilities.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... banking facilities. 204.122 Section 204.122 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (REGULATION D... the institution establishing the IBF would continue to be subject to Eurocurrency reserve requirements...

12 CFR 208.35 - Qualification requirements for transactions in certain securities. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... requirements for transactions in certain securities. [Reserved] ... 12 Banks and Banking 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Qualification requirements for transactions in certain securities. [Reserved] 208.35 Section 208.35 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF...

12 CFR 204.134 - Linked time deposits and transaction accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... RESERVE SYSTEM RESERVE REQUIREMENTS OF DEPOSITORY INSTITUTIONS (REGULATION D) Interpretations § 204.134...) establishes general reserve requirements on transaction accounts and nonpersonal time deposits. Under section... other than to allow the payment of higher interest through the avoidance of reserve requirements. As the...

48 CFR 49.109-2 - Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reservations. 49.109-2 Section 49.109-2 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT TERMINATION OF CONTRACTS General Principles 49.109-2 Reservations. (a) The TCO shall— (1) Reserve in the...

78 FR 62633 - Designated Reserve Ratio for 2014

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-22

... FEDERAL DEPOSIT INSURANCE CORPORATION Designated Reserve Ratio for 2014 AGENCY: Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC). ACTION: Notice of Designated Reserve Ratio for 2014. Pursuant to the Federal... the Designated Reserve Ratio (DRR) for the Deposit Insurance Fund shall remain at 2 percent for 2014...

77 FR 21846 - Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions: Reserves Simplification

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-12

... reserve balance requirements in place of carryover and routine penalty waivers, discontinues as-of..., and eliminates the contractual clearing balance program. The amendments are designed to reduce the... balances maintained at each depository institution are subject to reserve requirement ratios of zero, three...

7 CFR 930.17 - Secondary inventory reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Secondary inventory reserve. 930.17 Section 930.17... Handling Definitions § 930.17 Secondary inventory reserve. Secondary inventory reserve means any portion of handled cherries voluntarily placed into inventory by a handler under § 930.57. ...

40 CFR 49.10314 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10314 Section 49.10314 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... Plan for the Lummi Tribe of the Lummi Reservation, Washington § 49.10314 Source surveillance. [Reserved] ...

78 FR 44909 - Regional Reliability Standard BAL-002-WECC-2-Contingency Reserve

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-25

...] Regional Reliability Standard BAL-002-WECC-2--Contingency Reserve AGENCY: Federal Energy Regulatory...-002-WECC-2 (Contingency Reserve). The North American Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and... contingency reserve required to ensure reliability under normal and abnormal conditions. The Commission also...

Comparison of outcomes of permanently closed and periodically harvested coral reef reserves.

PubMed

Bartlett, C Y; Manua, C; Cinner, J; Sutton, S; Jimmy, R; South, R; Nilsson, J; Raina, J

2009-12-01

In many areas of the developing world, the establishment of permanent marine reserves is inhibited by cultural norms or socioeconomic pressures. Community conserved areas that are periodically harvested are increasingly being implemented as fisheries management tools, but few researchers have empirically compared them with permanently closed reserves. We used a hierarchical control-impact experimental design to compare the abundance and biomass of reef fishes, invertebrates, and substrate composition in periodically harvested and permanent reserves and in openly fished (control sites) of the South Pacific island country of Vanuatu. Fished species had significantly higher biomass in periodically harvested reserves than in adjacent openly fished areas. We did not detect differences in substratum composition between permanent reserves and openly fished areas or between permanent reserves and periodically harvested reserves. Giant clams (tridacnids) and top shells (Trochus niloticus) were vulnerable to periodic harvest, and we suggest that for adequate management of these species, periodically harvested community conservation areas be used in conjunction with other management strategies. Periodic harvest within reserves is an example of adaptive and flexible management that may meet conservation goals and that is suited to the social, economic, and cultural contexts of many coastal communities in the developing world.

The Economics of NASA Mission Cost Reserves

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitley, Sally; Shinn, Stephen

2012-01-01

Increases in NASA mission costs are well-noted but not well-understood, and there is little evidence that they are decreasing in frequency or amount over time. The need to control spending has led to analysis of the causes and magnitude of historical mission overruns, and many program control efforts are being implemented to attempt to prevent or mitigate the problem (NPR 7120). However, cost overruns have not abated, and while some direct causes of increased spending may be obvious (requirements creep, launch delays, directed changes, etc.), the underlying impetus to spend past the original budget may be more subtle. Gaining better insight into the causes of cost overruns will help NASA and its contracting organizations to avoid .them. This paper hypothesizes that one cause of NASA mission cost overruns is that the availability of reserves gives project team members an incentive to make decisions and behave in ways that increase costs. We theorize that the presence of reserves is a contributing factor to cost overruns because it causes organizations to use their funds less efficiently or to control spending less effectively. We draw a comparison to the insurance industry concept of moral hazard, the phenomenon that the presence of insurance causes insureds to have more frequent and higher insurance losses, and we attempt to apply actuarial techniques to quantifY the increase in the expected cost of a mission due to the availability of reserves. We create a theoretical model of reserve spending motivation by defining a variable ReserveSpending as a function of total reserves. This function has a positive slope; for every dollar of reserves available, there is a positive probability of spending it. Finally, the function should be concave down; the probability of spending each incremental dollar of reserves decreases progressively. We test the model against available NASA CADRe data by examining missions with reserve dollars initially available and testing whether they are more likely to spend those dollars, and whether larger levels of reserves lead to higher cost overruns. Finally, we address the question of how to prevent reserves from increasing mission spending without increasing cost risk to projects budgeted without any reserves. Is there a "sweet spot"? How can we derive the maximum benefit associated with risk reduction from reserves while minimizing the effects of reserve spending motivation?

The effects of dispersal patterns on marine reserves: does the tail wag the dog?

PubMed

Lockwood, Dale R; Hastings, Alan; Botsford, Louis W

2002-05-01

The concept of marine reserves as a method of improving management of fisheries is gaining momentum. While the list of benefits from reserves is frequently promoted, precise formulations of theory to support reserve design are not fully developed. To determine the size of reserves and the distances between reserves an understanding of the requirements for persistence of local populations is required. Unfortunately, conditions for persistence are poorly characterized, as are the larval dispersal patterns on which persistence depends. With the current paucity of information regarding meroplanktonic larval transport processes, understanding the robustness of theoretical results to larval dispersal is of key importance. From this formulation a broad range of dispersal patterns are analyzed. Larval dispersal is represented by a probability distribution that defines the fraction of successful settlers from an arbitrary location, the origin of the distribution, to any other location along the coast. While the effects of specific dispersal patterns have been investigated for invasion processes, critical habitat size and persistence issues have generally been addressed with only one or two dispersal types. To that end, we formulate models based on integrodifference equations that are spatially continuous and temporally discrete. We consider a range of dispersal distributions from leptokurtic to platykurtic. The effect of different dispersal patterns is considered for a single isolated reserve of varying size receiving no external larvae, as well as multiple reserves with varying degrees of connectivity. While different patterns result in quantitative differences in persistence, qualitatively similar effects across all patterns are seen in both single- and multiple reserve models. Persistence in an isolated reserve requires a size that is approximately twice the mean dispersal distance and regardless of the dispersal pattern the population in a patch is not persistent if the reserve size is reduced to just the mean dispersal distance. With an idealized coastline structure consisting of an infinite line of equally spaced reserves separated by regions of coastline in which reproduction is nil, the relative settlement as a function of the fraction of coastline and size of reserve is qualitatively very similar over a broad range of dispersal patterns. The upper limit for the minimum fraction of coastline held in reserve is about 40%. As the fraction of coastline is reduced, the minimum size of reserve becomes no more than 1.25 times the mean dispersal distance.

New U.S. Geological Survey Method for the Assessment of Reserve Growth

USGS Publications Warehouse

Klett, Timothy R.; Attanasi, E.D.; Charpentier, Ronald R.; Cook, Troy A.; Freeman, P.A.; Gautier, Donald L.; Le, Phuong A.; Ryder, Robert T.; Schenk, Christopher J.; Tennyson, Marilyn E.; Verma, Mahendra K.

2011-01-01

Reserve growth is defined as the estimated increases in quantities of crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquids that have the potential to be added to remaining reserves in discovered accumulations through extension, revision, improved recovery efficiency, and additions of new pools or reservoirs. A new U.S. Geological Survey method was developed to assess the reserve-growth potential of technically recoverable crude oil and natural gas to be added to reserves under proven technology currently in practice within the trend or play, or which reasonably can be extrapolated from geologically similar trends or plays. This method currently is in use to assess potential additions to reserves in discovered fields of the United States. The new approach involves (1) individual analysis of selected large accumulations that contribute most to reserve growth, and (2) conventional statistical modeling of reserve growth in remaining accumulations. This report will focus on the individual accumulation analysis. In the past, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated reserve growth by statistical methods using historical recoverable-quantity data. Those statistical methods were based on growth rates averaged by the number of years since accumulation discovery. Accumulations in mature petroleum provinces with volumetrically significant reserve growth, however, bias statistical models of the data; therefore, accumulations with significant reserve growth are best analyzed separately from those with less significant reserve growth. Large (greater than 500 million barrels) and older (with respect to year of discovery) oil accumulations increase in size at greater rates late in their development history in contrast to more recently discovered accumulations that achieve most growth early in their development history. Such differences greatly affect the statistical methods commonly used to forecast reserve growth. The individual accumulation-analysis method involves estimating the in-place petroleum quantity and its uncertainty, as well as the estimated (forecasted) recoverability and its respective uncertainty. These variables are assigned probabilistic distributions and are combined statistically to provide probabilistic estimates of ultimate recoverable quantities. Cumulative production and remaining reserves are then subtracted from the estimated ultimate recoverable quantities to provide potential reserve growth. In practice, results of the two methods are aggregated to various scales, the highest of which includes an entire country or the world total. The aggregated results are reported along with the statistically appropriate uncertainties.

40 CFR 49.9923 - Legal authority. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Legal authority. [Reserved] 49.9923 Section 49.9923 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... the Coeur D'alene Tribe of the Coeur D'alene Reservation, Idaho § 49.9923 Legal authority. [Reserved] ...

12 CFR 652.35 - Liquidity reserve management and requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Liquidity reserve management and requirements... AGRICULTURAL MORTGAGE CORPORATION FUNDING AND FISCAL AFFAIRS § 652.35 Liquidity reserve management and... that management uses adequate internal controls to ensure compliance with the liquidity reserve policy...

32 CFR 724.407 - Commander, Naval Reserve Force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Commander, Naval Reserve Force. 724.407 Section 724.407 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL..., Naval Reserve Force. Manages Naval Reserve resources. Responsible for providing limited support to the...

77 FR 50087 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-20

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Meeting AGENCY: Reserve Forces Policy Board, Office of the Secretary of Defense, Department of Defense... advisory committee meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) will take place. DATES: Wednesday...

27 CFR 19.38 - Inventory reserve account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Inventory reserve account..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTILLED SPIRITS PLANTS Taxes Effective Tax Rates § 19.38 Inventory reserve account. (a) The proprietor may establish an inventory reserve account for any eligible distilled...

7 CFR 930.13 - Primary inventory reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Primary inventory reserve. 930.13 Section 930.13... Handling Definitions § 930.13 Primary inventory reserve. Primary inventory reserve means that portion of handled cherries that are placed into handlers' inventories in accordance with any restricted percentage...

12 CFR 347.303 - Allocated transfer risk reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Allocated transfer risk reserve. 347.303... GENERAL POLICY INTERNATIONAL BANKING International Lending § 347.303 Allocated transfer risk reserve. (a) Establishment of Allocated Transfer Risk Reserve. A banking institution shall establish an allocated transfer...

32 CFR 724.407 - Commander, Naval Reserve Force.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Commander, Naval Reserve Force. 724.407 Section 724.407 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL..., Naval Reserve Force. Manages Naval Reserve resources. Responsible for providing limited support to the...

5 CFR 214.402 - Career reserved positions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... collection of taxes and the preparation or review of interpretative opinions. (2) Career reserved positions... review agency designations of general and career reserved positions. If the Office finds that an agency... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Career reserved positions. 214.402...

7 CFR 981.56 - Assistance of Board in accounting for reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ALMONDS... accounting for reserve. The Board, on written request, may assist handlers in accounting for their reserve obligations and may aid any handler in acquiring almonds to meet any deficiency in his reserve. ...

7 CFR 981.56 - Assistance of Board in accounting for reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ALMONDS... accounting for reserve. The Board, on written request, may assist handlers in accounting for their reserve obligations and may aid any handler in acquiring almonds to meet any deficiency in his reserve. ...

5 CFR 841.708 - Special provisions affecting retired military reserve technicians.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... military reserve technicians. 841.708 Section 841.708 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL... ADMINISTRATION Cost-of-Living Adjustments § 841.708 Special provisions affecting retired military reserve technicians. (a) Military reserve technicians who retire as a result of a medical disability are excepted from...

5 CFR 842.210 - Military reserve technicians.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Military reserve technicians. 842.210... REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) FEDERAL EMPLOYEES RETIREMENT SYSTEM-BASIC ANNUITY Eligibility § 842.210 Military reserve technicians. (a) A military reserve technician as defined in 5 U.S.C. 8401(30) who is separated...

40 CFR 73.26 - Conservation and renewable energy reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Conservation and renewable energy... renewable energy reserve. The Administrator will allocate 300,000 allowances to the Conservation and Renewable Energy Reserve subaccount of the Acid Rain Data System. Allowances from this Reserve will be...

40 CFR 73.26 - Conservation and renewable energy reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Conservation and renewable energy... renewable energy reserve. The Administrator will allocate 300,000 allowances to the Conservation and Renewable Energy Reserve subaccount of the Acid Rain Data System. Allowances from this Reserve will be...

40 CFR 73.26 - Conservation and renewable energy reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Conservation and renewable energy... renewable energy reserve. The Administrator will allocate 300,000 allowances to the Conservation and Renewable Energy Reserve subaccount of the Acid Rain Data System. Allowances from this Reserve will be...

40 CFR 73.26 - Conservation and renewable energy reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Conservation and renewable energy... renewable energy reserve. The Administrator will allocate 300,000 allowances to the Conservation and Renewable Energy Reserve subaccount of the Acid Rain Data System. Allowances from this Reserve will be...

40 CFR 73.26 - Conservation and renewable energy reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Conservation and renewable energy... renewable energy reserve. The Administrator will allocate 300,000 allowances to the Conservation and Renewable Energy Reserve subaccount of the Acid Rain Data System. Allowances from this Reserve will be...

7 CFR 922.142 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve fund. 922.142 Section 922.142 Agriculture... IN WASHINGTON Container Exemption; Waivers of Inspection and Certification § 922.142 Reserve fund. (a) The establishment of a reserve fund of an amount not greater than approximately one fiscal year's...

Reserving by detailed conditioning on individual claim

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kartikasari, Mujiati Dwi; Effendie, Adhitya Ronnie; Wilandari, Yuciana

2017-03-01

The estimation of claim reserves is an important activity in insurance companies to fulfill their liabilities. Recently, reserving method of individual claim have attracted a lot of interest in the actuarial science, which overcome some deficiency of aggregated claim method. This paper explores the Reserving by Detailed Conditioning (RDC) method using all of claim information for reserving with individual claim of liability insurance from an Indonesian general insurance company. Furthermore, we compare it to Chain Ladder and Bornhuetter-Ferguson method.

Reserve-building activities in multiple sclerosis patients and healthy controls: a descriptive study.

PubMed

Schwartz, Carolyn E; Ayandeh, Armon; Ramanathan, Murali; Benedict, Ralph; Dwyer, Michael G; Weinstock-Guttman, Bianca; Zivadinov, Robert

2015-08-12

Cognitive reserve has been implicated as a possible protective factor in multiple sclerosis (MS) but to date no study has compared reserve-building activities across disease course or to healthy controls. This study aims to describe differences in reserve-building activities across the MS disease course and healthy controls. Secondary analysis of a cross-sectional cohort study that included 276 healthy controls, and subjects with clinically isolated syndrome (CIS; n = 67), relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS; n = 358) and secondary progressive MS (PMS; n = 109). Past reserve-building activities were operationalized as occupational attainment and education. Current activities comprised 6 strenuous and 6 non-strenuous activities, including 5 reserve-building activities and television-watching. Multivariate Analysis of Variance models examined group differences in past and current activities, after adjusting for covariates. There were group differences in past and current reserve-building activities. SPMS patients had lower past reserve-building activities than healthy controls. All forms of MS engaged in fewer strenuous current reserve-building pursuits than healthy controls. RRMS read less than healthy controls. SPMS engaged in fewer job-related non-strenuous activities. All MS groups watched more television than healthy controls. MS patients show significantly fewer past and present reserve-building activities. Although it is difficult to establish causality without future prospective studies, lifestyle-modifying interventions should prioritize expanding MS patients' repertoire of strenuous and non-strenuous activities.

Assessing biodiversity in Nuevo Leon, Mexico: Are nature reserves the answer?

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cantu, C.; Wright, R.G.; Scott, J.M.; Strand, Espen

2004-01-01

The Mexican state of Nuevo Leon, located in the northeastern portion of the country, currently has 26 state and three federal nature reserves covering approximately 4.5% of its land area. These reserves were established for a variety of reasons not necessarily related to conservation purposes. In 2000 in response to a growing concern about the lack of organized conservation reserve planning to protect the important biological and physical features of Mexico, the Mexican Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity proposed 12 new terrestrial reserves for Nuevo Leon. The new reserves, if established, would increase the proportion of protected lands in the state to almost 24% of the state's land area. We compiled a Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis using digital thematic maps of physical and ecological features to examine how well the existing and proposed reserves incorporated the major biological and physical features of the state. The existing reserves are located primarily in regions with elevations > 1,000-1,500 m, on less productive soils, and are dominated by pine and oak forest cover types. As a result, the state's dominant biotic region - low elevation coastal plain with xeric scrub vegetation - is disproportionately under represented in the current reserve system. The new reserves would expand the protection of biophysical resources throughout the state. However, the inclusion of important resources in the low elevation coastal lands would still be limited.

Changes in Fish Assemblages following the Establishment of a Network of No-Take Marine Reserves and Partially-Protected Areas

PubMed Central

Kelaher, Brendan P.; Coleman, Melinda A.; Broad, Allison; Rees, Matthew J.; Jordan, Alan; Davis, Andrew R.

2014-01-01

Networks of no-take marine reserves and partially-protected areas (with limited fishing) are being increasingly promoted as a means of conserving biodiversity. We examined changes in fish assemblages across a network of marine reserves and two different types of partially-protected areas within a marine park over the first 5 years of its establishment. We used Baited Remote Underwater Video (BRUV) to quantify fish communities on rocky reefs at 20–40 m depth between 2008–2011. Each year, we sampled 12 sites in 6 no-take marine reserves and 12 sites in two types of partially-protected areas with contrasting levels of protection (n = 4 BRUV stations per site). Fish abundances were 38% greater across the network of marine reserves compared to the partially-protected areas, although not all individual reserves performed equally. Compliance actions were positively associated with marine reserve responses, while reserve size had no apparent relationship with reserve performance after 5 years. The richness and abundance of fishes did not consistently differ between the two types of partially-protected areas. There was, therefore, no evidence that the more regulated partially-protected areas had additional conservation benefits for reef fish assemblages. Overall, our results demonstrate conservation benefits to fish assemblages from a newly established network of temperate marine reserves. They also show that ecological monitoring can contribute to adaptive management of newly established marine reserve networks, but the extent of this contribution is limited by the rate of change in marine communities in response to protection. PMID:24454934

Accumulation of reserve carbohydrate by rumen protozoa and bacteria in competition for glucose.

PubMed

Denton, Bethany L; Diese, Leanne E; Firkins, Jeffrey L; Hackmann, Timothy J

2015-03-01

The aim of this study was to determine if rumen protozoa could form large amounts of reserve carbohydrate compared to the amounts formed by bacteria when competing for glucose in batch cultures. We separated large protozoa and small bacteria from rumen fluid by filtration and centrifugation, recombined equal protein masses of each group into one mixture, and subsequently harvested (reseparated) these groups at intervals after glucose dosing. This method allowed us to monitor reserve carbohydrate accumulation of protozoa and bacteria individually. When mixtures were dosed with a moderate concentration of glucose (4.62 or 5 mM) (n = 2 each), protozoa accumulated large amounts of reserve carbohydrate; 58.7% (standard error of the mean [SEM], 2.2%) glucose carbon was recovered from protozoal reserve carbohydrate at time of peak reserve carbohydrate concentrations. Only 1.7% (SEM, 2.2%) was recovered in bacterial reserve carbohydrate, which was less than that for protozoa (P < 0.001). When provided a high concentration of glucose (20 mM) (n = 4 each), 24.1% (SEM, 2.2%) of glucose carbon was recovered from protozoal reserve carbohydrate, which was still higher (P = 0.001) than the 5.0% (SEM, 2.2%) glucose carbon recovered from bacterial reserve carbohydrate. Our novel competition experiments directly demonstrate that mixed protozoa can sequester sugar away from bacteria by accumulating reserve carbohydrate, giving protozoa a competitive advantage and stabilizing fermentation in the rumen. Similar experiments could be used to investigate the importance of starch sequestration. Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Thyroid autoimmunity, hypothyroidism and ovarian reserve: a cross-sectional study of 5000 women based on age-specific AMH values.

PubMed

Polyzos, Nikolaos P; Sakkas, Evangelos; Vaiarelli, Alberto; Poppe, Kris; Camus, Michel; Tournaye, Herman

2015-07-01

Is there any association between thyroid autoimmunity (TAI) and diminished ovarian reserve (DOR)? TAI and hypothyroidism are not associated with low ovarian reserve. TAI is a common co-existent endocrinopathy in women with primary ovarian insufficiency. Several studies support a potential link between TAI and the reduction in ovarian reserve. However, robust evidence regarding its prevalence in women with DOR is lacking. This study is a large cross-sectional analysis of retrospective data from the Centre for Reproductive Medicine/University Hospital of Brussels. Serum measurements were taken for anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH), free thyroxine (FT4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO). Among 5076 consecutive women, 4894 women had their AMH, FT4, TSH and anti-TPO levels measured on the same day. AMH levels were plotted in relation to age for the whole patients' cohort and age-specific AMH values (per year) were considered in order to categorize women according to the AMH levels of ovarian reserve. There were 3929 women who demonstrated normal reserve, 487 women who had low ovarian reserve and 478 women who demonstrated high ovarian reserve. Serum FT4 and TSH levels were comparable between different ovarian reserve categories (P = 0.611 and 0.811, respectively). No significant differences were observed in the prevalence of positive anti-TPO antibodies among women with low (12.1%), normal (10.3%) and high (9.8%) ovarian reserve (P = 0.423). Finally, the prevalence of overt or subclinical hypothyroidism was comparable between the groups (4.1% in low, 4.6% in normal and 3.8% in high ovarian reserve women, P = 0.645).Analysis according to the exact cause of low ovarian reserve demonstrated that women with a genetic cause of low ovarian reserve had a significantly higher prevalence of overt hypothyroidism and subclinical hypothyroidism compared with women with unexplained low ovarian reserve for their age (25 versus 3.2%, P = 0.002 and 18.8 versus 1.6%, P = 0.004, respectively). On the contrary, no significant differences were observed in the prevalence of hypothyroidism between genetic causes and iatrogenic causes (P = 0.316) and between iatrogenic and unexplained causes (P = 0.219) of low ovarian reserve. This is a cross-sectional analysis based on retrospective data collection. Due to the retrospective design of this study, the presence of biases related to such a study design cannot be excluded. Furthermore, this study assessed only the association of TAI, and not autoimmunity in general, with ovarian reserve. TAI and hypothyroidism are not associated with low ovarian reserve. Future research should focus on examining underlying mechanisms, other than TAI, which may have an effect on ovarian reserve. No external funding was used for this study. No conflicts of interest are declared. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

39 CFR 761.2 - Authority of Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Authority of Reserve Banks. 761.2 Section 761.2 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL SERVICE DEBT OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 761.2 Authority of Reserve Banks. Each Reserve Bank is hereby authorized...

18 CFR 1314.3 - Authority of Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Banks. 1314.3 Section 1314.3 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES FOR TVA POWER SECURITIES ISSUED THROUGH THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS § 1314.3 Authority of Reserve Banks. (a) Each Reserve Bank is hereby authorized as fiscal agent of TVA to perform the following...

39 CFR 761.2 - Authority of Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 39 Postal Service 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority of Reserve Banks. 761.2 Section 761.2 Postal Service UNITED STATES POSTAL SERVICE POSTAL SERVICE DEBT OBLIGATIONS; DISBURSEMENT POSTAL MONEY ORDERS BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 761.2 Authority of Reserve Banks. Each Reserve Bank is hereby authorized...

33 CFR 162.270 - Restricted areas in vicinity of Maritime Administration Reserve Fleets.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Maritime Administration Reserve Fleets. 162.270 Section 162.270 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD... REGULATIONS § 162.270 Restricted areas in vicinity of Maritime Administration Reserve Fleets. (a) The... National Defense Reserve Fleets of the Maritime Administration, Department of Transportation: (1) James...

77 FR 4284 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-01-27

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces... advisory committee meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). DATES: Wednesday, March 7, 2012, from...

75 FR 76423 - Meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-08

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) AGENCY: Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board, Department of Defense. ACTION... meeting: Name of Committee: Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). Date: Tuesday and Wednesday, January 24th...

75 FR 5059 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-01

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) AGENCY: Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board, DoD. ACTION: Notice of advisory committee... Department of Defense announces that the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) will meet on March 30 and 31...

26 CFR 1.801-5 - Total reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-5 Total reserves. (a) Total reserves defined. For... the reserve is claimed. For example, during the taxable year 1958 a life insurance company sells life... insurance company may be illustrated by the following example: Example. The books of Y, an insurance company...

26 CFR 1.801-4 - Life insurance reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-4 Life insurance reserves. (a) Life insurance... company's life insurance reserves. For example, if an ordinary life policy with a reserve of $100 is.... Section 801(b)(3) provides that in the case of an assessment life insurance company or association, the...

26 CFR 1.801-4 - Life insurance reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-4 Life insurance reserves. (a) Life insurance... company's life insurance reserves. For example, if an ordinary life policy with a reserve of $100 is.... Section 801(b)(3) provides that in the case of an assessment life insurance company or association, the...

26 CFR 1.801-5 - Total reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-5 Total reserves. (a) Total reserves defined. For... the reserve is claimed. For example, during the taxable year 1958 a life insurance company sells life... insurance company may be illustrated by the following example: Example. The books of Y, an insurance company...

26 CFR 1.801-4 - Life insurance reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-4 Life insurance reserves. (a) Life insurance... company's life insurance reserves. For example, if an ordinary life policy with a reserve of $100 is.... Section 801(b)(3) provides that in the case of an assessment life insurance company or association, the...

26 CFR 1.801-5 - Total reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-5 Total reserves. (a) Total reserves defined. For... the reserve is claimed. For example, during the taxable year 1958 a life insurance company sells life... insurance company may be illustrated by the following example: Example. The books of Y, an insurance company...

26 CFR 1.801-5 - Total reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-5 Total reserves. (a) Total reserves defined. For... the reserve is claimed. For example, during the taxable year 1958 a life insurance company sells life... insurance company may be illustrated by the following example: Example. The books of Y, an insurance company...

33 CFR 385.27 - Project Cooperation Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... to water reservations. Reservations or allocations of water are a State responsibility. Any change to... public to review and comment on any proposed changes in the water reservation made by the State. (2) The... with the non-Federal sponsor in accordance with applicable law. (b) Verification of water reservations...

33 CFR 385.27 - Project Cooperation Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... to water reservations. Reservations or allocations of water are a State responsibility. Any change to... public to review and comment on any proposed changes in the water reservation made by the State. (2) The... with the non-Federal sponsor in accordance with applicable law. (b) Verification of water reservations...

33 CFR 385.27 - Project Cooperation Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... to water reservations. Reservations or allocations of water are a State responsibility. Any change to... public to review and comment on any proposed changes in the water reservation made by the State. (2) The... with the non-Federal sponsor in accordance with applicable law. (b) Verification of water reservations...

33 CFR 385.27 - Project Cooperation Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... to water reservations. Reservations or allocations of water are a State responsibility. Any change to... public to review and comment on any proposed changes in the water reservation made by the State. (2) The... with the non-Federal sponsor in accordance with applicable law. (b) Verification of water reservations...

33 CFR 385.27 - Project Cooperation Agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... to water reservations. Reservations or allocations of water are a State responsibility. Any change to... public to review and comment on any proposed changes in the water reservation made by the State. (2) The... with the non-Federal sponsor in accordance with applicable law. (b) Verification of water reservations...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

25 CFR 241.2 - Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery... WILDLIFE INDIAN FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.2 Annette Islands Reserve; definition; exclusive fishery; licenses... of said islands, rocks, and islets. (b) Exclusive fishery. The Annette Islands Reserve is declared to...

15 CFR 921.30 - Designation of National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM REGULATIONS Reserve... protection for reserve resources to ensure a stable environment for research; (3) Designation of the area as... agencies and/or private organizations) have been signed; and (7) The coastal state in which the area is...

15 CFR 921.30 - Designation of National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM REGULATIONS Reserve... protection for reserve resources to ensure a stable environment for research; (3) Designation of the area as... agencies and/or private organizations) have been signed; and (7) The coastal state in which the area is...

15 CFR 921.30 - Designation of National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM REGULATIONS Reserve... protection for reserve resources to ensure a stable environment for research; (3) Designation of the area as... agencies and/or private organizations) have been signed; and (7) The coastal state in which the area is...

15 CFR 921.30 - Designation of National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM REGULATIONS Reserve... protection for reserve resources to ensure a stable environment for research; (3) Designation of the area as... agencies and/or private organizations) have been signed; and (7) The coastal state in which the area is...

15 CFR 921.30 - Designation of National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AND COASTAL RESOURCE MANAGEMENT NATIONAL ESTUARINE RESEARCH RESERVE SYSTEM REGULATIONS Reserve... protection for reserve resources to ensure a stable environment for research; (3) Designation of the area as... agencies and/or private organizations) have been signed; and (7) The coastal state in which the area is...

7 CFR 981.21b - Reserve almonds.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reserve almonds. 981.21b Section 981.21b Agriculture... and Orders; Fruits, Vegetables, Nuts), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ALMONDS GROWN IN CALIFORNIA Order Regulating Handling Definitions § 981.21b Reserve almonds. Reserve almonds means those almonds which must be...

76 FR 56405 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-13

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Department of Defense; Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces... advisory committee meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). DATES: Thursday, October 13, 2011...

75 FR 61708 - Federal Advisory Committee; Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-06

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Federal Advisory Committee; Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) AGENCY: Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board; DoD. ACTION: Notice...), and 41 CFR 102-3.150, the Department of Defense announces that the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB...

76 FR 41219 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Cancellation of Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Cancellation of Meeting AGENCY: Department of Defense; Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board... address is Reserve Forces Policy Board, 7300 Defense Pentagon, Washington, DC 20301-7300. Web site: http...

75 FR 36639 - Federal Advisory Committee; Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-28

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Federal Advisory Committee; Reserve Forces Policy... Defense announces that the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) will meet on July 28 and 29, 2010, in... (Voice), (703) 614-0504 (Facsimile), [email protected] . The Board's mailing address is: Reserve Forces Policy...

76 FR 35191 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-16

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) AGENCY: Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board. ACTION: Notice of... Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB): DATES: Tuesday, July 26, 2011 from 7:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m. and...

76 FR 67425 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-01

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Department of Defense; Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces... advisory committee meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). DATES: Tuesday, November 29, 2011...

7 CFR 250.65 - Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations. 250... Household Programs § 250.65 Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations. (a) Distribution. Distributing agencies which operate a food distribution program on Indian reservations shall comply with the provisions...

7 CFR 250.65 - Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations. 250... Household Programs § 250.65 Food Distribution Program on Indian reservations. (a) Distribution. Distributing agencies which operate a food distribution program on Indian reservations shall comply with the provisions...

12 CFR 201.1 - Authority, purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... applies to United States branches and agencies of foreign banks that are subject to reserve requirements....1 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM EXTENSIONS OF CREDIT BY FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS (REGULATION A) § 201.1 Authority, purpose and scope. (a...

12 CFR 217.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... that is considered to be a deposit under § 204.2(a) of the Board's Regulation D—Reserve Requirements of... bank under § 204.2(o) of the Board's Regulation D—Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions (12... Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM PROHIBITION AGAINST THE...

42 CFR 417.934 - Reserve requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reserve requirement. 417.934 Section 417.934 Public... PLANS Administration of Outstanding Loans and Loan Guarantees § 417.934 Reserve requirement. (a) Timing... section 1305 of the PHS Act was required to establish a restricted reserve account on the earlier of the...

24 CFR 982.154 - ACC reserve account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false ACC reserve account. 982.154... and PHA Administration of Program § 982.154 ACC reserve account. (a) HUD may establish and maintain an unfunded reserve account for the PHA program from available budget authority under the consolidated ACC...

24 CFR 982.154 - ACC reserve account.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false ACC reserve account. 982.154... and PHA Administration of Program § 982.154 ACC reserve account. (a) HUD may establish and maintain an unfunded reserve account for the PHA program from available budget authority under the consolidated ACC...

78 FR 49257 - Proposed Information Collection; Comment Request; Management and Oversight of the National...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-13

... and physical environment of the reserve, research to date and research gaps. Reserves revise their... Collection; Comment Request; Management and Oversight of the National Estuarine Research Reserve System... estuarine research reserves representative of various regions and estuarine types in the United States to...

Campsite reservation systems...the camper's viewpoint

Treesearch

Arthur W. Magill

1976-01-01

Attitudes and characteristics of campers reached by two Federal campsite reservation programs in experimental use during the summer of 1973 were surveyed. Most campers strongly favored reservations, but preferred that one company sell reservations to all government campgrounds. Questionnaire responses indicated need for a systematic procedure for referring campers to...

25 CFR 141.58 - Records, reports, and obligations of reservation business owners.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... use in reservation businesses. Until such model bookkeeping system is promulgated, each business owner... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Records, reports, and obligations of reservation business... ACTIVITIES BUSINESS PRACTICES ON THE NAVAJO, HOPI AND ZUNI RESERVATIONS Enforcement Powers, Procedures and...

50 CFR 32.54 - Ohio.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D.... [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. We allow hunting of white-tailed deer on designated areas of the refuge in... WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM HUNTING AND FISHING Refuge-Specific Regulations for Hunting and Fishing § 32.54 Ohio...

24 CFR 904.111 - Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... reserve requirements for 90 days the LHA shall invest the excess in federally insured savings accounts... Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR). (a) Purpose of reserve. The LHA shall establish and maintain a separate NRMR for each home, using a portion of the homebuyer's monthly payment. The purpose of the NRMR is...

24 CFR 904.111 - Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... reserve requirements for 90 days the LHA shall invest the excess in federally insured savings accounts... Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR). (a) Purpose of reserve. The LHA shall establish and maintain a separate NRMR for each home, using a portion of the homebuyer's monthly payment. The purpose of the NRMR is...

24 CFR 904.111 - Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... reserve requirements for 90 days the LHA shall invest the excess in federally insured savings accounts... Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR). (a) Purpose of reserve. The LHA shall establish and maintain a separate NRMR for each home, using a portion of the homebuyer's monthly payment. The purpose of the NRMR is...

24 CFR 904.111 - Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... reserve requirements for 90 days the LHA shall invest the excess in federally insured savings accounts... Nonroutine Maintenance Reserve (NRMR). (a) Purpose of reserve. The LHA shall establish and maintain a separate NRMR for each home, using a portion of the homebuyer's monthly payment. The purpose of the NRMR is...

50 CFR 640.26 - Tortugas marine reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 12 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Tortugas marine reserves. 640.26 Section... Measures § 640.26 Tortugas marine reserves. The following activities are prohibited within the Tortugas marine reserves: Fishing for any species and anchoring by fishing vessels. (a) EEZ portion of Tortugas...

25 CFR 241.5 - Commercial fishing, Karluk Indian Reservation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Commercial fishing, Karluk Indian Reservation. 241.5... FISHING IN ALASKA § 241.5 Commercial fishing, Karluk Indian Reservation. (a) Definition. The Karluk Indian... Karluk Indian Reservation shall be open to commercial fishing by bona fide native inhabitants of the...

25 CFR 141.5 - Reservation business license required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Reservation business license required. 141.5 Section 141.5 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FINANCIAL ACTIVITIES BUSINESS... Reservation business license required. (a) No person may own or lease a reservation business without a license...

76 FR 35013 - Notice of Inventory Completion; U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service, Fort...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-15

... the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; Cowlitz Indian Tribe, Washington; Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of... the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; Cowlitz Indian Tribe, Washington; Muckleshoot Indian Tribe of... Indian Reservation, Oregon; Confederated Tribes of the Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon; Cowlitz Indian...

7 CFR 25.500 - Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Indian reservations. 25.500 Section 25.500 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture RURAL EMPOWERMENT ZONES AND ENTERPRISE COMMUNITIES Special Rules § 25.500 Indian reservations. (a) An area in an Indian reservation shall be treated as nominated by a...

14 CFR 29.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.727 Section 29.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION....727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as...

14 CFR 27.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 27.727 Section 27.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as follows...

14 CFR 27.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 27.727 Section 27.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as follows...

14 CFR 27.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 27.727 Section 27.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as follows...

14 CFR 29.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.727 Section 29.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION....727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as...

14 CFR 27.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 27.727 Section 27.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as follows...

14 CFR 27.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 27.727 Section 27.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION... Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as follows...

14 CFR 29.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.727 Section 29.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION....727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as...

14 CFR 29.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.727 Section 29.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION....727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as...

14 CFR 29.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 29.727 Section 29.727 Aeronautics and Space FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION....727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. The reserve energy absorption drop test must be conducted as...

7 CFR 923.142 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve fund. 923.142 Section 923.142 Agriculture... COUNTIES IN WASHINGTON Order Regulating Handling Miscellaneous Provisions § 923.142 Reserve fund. (a) The establishment of a reserve fund of an amount which shall not exceed approximately 1 fiscal year's operational...

7 CFR 924.142 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve fund. 924.142 Section 924.142 Agriculture... COUNTIES IN WASHINGTON AND IN UMATILLA COUNTY, OREGON Rules and Regulations § 924.142 Reserve fund. (a) The establishment of a reserve fund of an amount which shall not exceed approximately one fiscal year's operational...

24 CFR 242.14 - Mortgage reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Mortgage reserve fund. 242.14... MORTGAGE INSURANCE FOR HOSPITALS General Eligibility Requirements § 242.14 Mortgage reserve fund. As a condition of issuing a commitment, HUD shall require establishment of a Mortgage Reserve Fund (MRF). The...

7 CFR 1735.43 - Payments on loans.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... demonstrated to the satisfaction of the Administrator an inability to maintain the funded reserve or net plant... reserve in such an amount that the balance of the reserve plus the value of the facilities less... the reserve must begin within one year of approval of release of funds and must continue regularly...

Reserve Manpower Statistics, 1 January - 31 March 1986.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-03-31

This is the first issue of Reserv’e Nztnpowe Statistics , a quarterly publication based upon data from the Reserve Components Common Personnel Data System...1.2~5 MI ’CROCOPY RESOLUTION TEST CHART NATIONAL BUREAU OF STANDARDS-1963-A ,iI M15 o Department of Defense RESERVE MANPOWER STATISTICS __ March 31...1986 GUARD JID I A* LECTE3I ___SEP 17 1986 it % Ii TA 9 WWto’ VubUd reIOWa jiW, ii~ Department of Defense Reserve Manpower Statistics March 31

The Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve and light pollution issues in New Zealand

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hearnshaw, John

2015-08-01

I will discuss the Aoraki Mackenzie International Dark Sky Reserve, recognized by IDA in 2012, and how the reserve is managed and promoted to the public to make them aware of light pollution issues and in order to promote star-gazing and astro-tourism. AMIDSR is the world's largest Dark Sky Reserve recognized by IDA and has gold tier status. We will have a Starlight festival in October to promote the Reserve to the public.

Research of Coal Resources Reserves Prediction Based on GM (1, 1) Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiao, Jiancheng

2018-01-01

Based on the forecast of China’s coal reserves, this paper uses the GM (1, 1) gray forecasting theory to establish the gray forecasting model of China’s coal reserves based on the data of China’s coal reserves from 2002 to 2009, and obtained the trend of coal resources reserves with the current economic and social development situation, and the residual test model is established, so the prediction model is more accurate. The results show that China’s coal reserves can ensure the use of production at least 300 years of use. And the results are similar to the mainstream forecast results, and that are in line with objective reality.

A General Business Model for Marine Reserves

PubMed Central

Sala, Enric; Costello, Christopher; Dougherty, Dawn; Heal, Geoffrey; Kelleher, Kieran; Murray, Jason H.; Rosenberg, Andrew A.; Sumaila, Rashid

2013-01-01

Marine reserves are an effective tool for protecting biodiversity locally, with potential economic benefits including enhancement of local fisheries, increased tourism, and maintenance of ecosystem services. However, fishing communities often fear short-term income losses associated with closures, and thus may oppose marine reserves. Here we review empirical data and develop bioeconomic models to show that the value of marine reserves (enhanced adjacent fishing + tourism) may often exceed the pre-reserve value, and that economic benefits can offset the costs in as little as five years. These results suggest the need for a new business model for creating and managing reserves, which could pay for themselves and turn a profit for stakeholder groups. Our model could be expanded to include ecosystem services and other benefits, and it provides a general framework to estimate costs and benefits of reserves and to develop such business models. PMID:23573192

Increased Disease Calls for a Cost-Benefits Review of Marine Reserves

PubMed Central

Wootton, Emma C.; Woolmer, Andrew P.; Vogan, Claire L.; Pope, Edward C.; Hamilton, Kristina M.; Rowley, Andrew F.

2012-01-01

Marine reserves (or No-Take Zones) are implemented to protect species and habitats, with the aim of restoring a balanced ecosystem. Although the benefits of marine reserves are commonly monitored, there is a lack of insight into the potential detriments of such highly protected waters. High population densities attained within reserves may induce negative impacts such as unfavourable trophic cascades and disease outbreaks. Hence, we investigated the health of lobster populations in the UK’s Marine Conservation Zone (MCZ) at Lundy Island. Comparisons were made between the fished, Refuge Zone (RZ) and the un-fished, No-Take Zone (NTZ; marine reserve). We show ostensibly positive effects such as increased lobster abundance and size within the NTZ; however, we also demonstrate apparent negative effects such as increased injury and shell disease. Our findings suggest that robust cost-benefit analyses of marine reserves could improve marine reserve efficacy and subsequent management strategies. PMID:23240047

Conditional load and store in a shared memory

DOEpatents

Blumrich, Matthias A; Ohmacht, Martin

2015-02-03

A method, system and computer program product for implementing load-reserve and store-conditional instructions in a multi-processor computing system. The computing system includes a multitude of processor units and a shared memory cache, and each of the processor units has access to the memory cache. In one embodiment, the method comprises providing the memory cache with a series of reservation registers, and storing in these registers addresses reserved in the memory cache for the processor units as a result of issuing load-reserve requests. In this embodiment, when one of the processor units makes a request to store data in the memory cache using a store-conditional request, the reservation registers are checked to determine if an address in the memory cache is reserved for that processor unit. If an address in the memory cache is reserved for that processor, the data are stored at this address.

31 CFR 309.13 - Functions of Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Functions of Federal Reserve Banks. 309.13 Section 309.13 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... § 309.13 Functions of Federal Reserve Banks. Federal Reserve Banks and Branches, as fiscal agents of the...

12 CFR 811.1 - Authority of Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Authority of Reserve Banks. 811.1 Section 811.1 Banks and Banking FEDERAL FINANCING BANK BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURE FOR FEDERAL FINANCING BANK SECURITIES § 811.1 Authority of Reserve Banks. Each Reserve Bank is hereby authorized, in accordance with the...

31 CFR 354.6 - Authority of Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Authority of Federal Reserve Banks... SECURITIES OF THE STUDENT LOAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (SALLIE MAE) § 354.6 Authority of Federal Reserve Banks. (a) Each Federal Reserve Bank is hereby authorized as fiscal agent of Sallie Mae to perform functions...

12 CFR 811.1 - Authority of Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 6 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Authority of Reserve Banks. 811.1 Section 811.1 Banks and Banking FEDERAL FINANCING BANK BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURE FOR FEDERAL FINANCING BANK SECURITIES § 811.1 Authority of Reserve Banks. Each Reserve Bank is hereby authorized, in accordance with the...

31 CFR 309.13 - Functions of Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Functions of Federal Reserve Banks. 309.13 Section 309.13 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued... § 309.13 Functions of Federal Reserve Banks. Federal Reserve Banks and Branches, as fiscal agents of the...

40 CFR 35.683 - Annual amount reserved by EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Annual amount reserved by EPA. 35.683 Section 35.683 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... Protection (section 1443(b)) § 35.683 Annual amount reserved by EPA. EPA shall reserve up to five percent of...

40 CFR 35.673 - Annual amount reserved by EPA.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Annual amount reserved by EPA. 35.673 Section 35.673 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... (section 1443(a) and Section 1451) § 35.673 Annual amount reserved by EPA. Each year, EPA shall reserve up...

77 FR 31590 - Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-29

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB); Notice of Advisory Committee Meeting AGENCY: Department of Defense, Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces... advisory committee meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board. DATES: Wednesday, June 13, 2012, from 8:00 a...

26 CFR 1.801-4 - Life insurance reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Life insurance reserves. 1.801-4 Section 1.801-4...) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Life Insurance Companies § 1.801-4 Life insurance reserves. (a) Life insurance reserves defined. For purposes of part I, subchapter L, chapter 1 of the Code, the term life insurance...

36 CFR 223.240 - Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Tribes and treaty and other... Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights. Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to... Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to special forest products to protect the...

36 CFR 223.240 - Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Tribes and treaty and other... Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights. Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to... Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to special forest products to protect the...

36 CFR 223.240 - Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Tribes and treaty and other... Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights. Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to... Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to special forest products to protect the...

36 CFR 223.240 - Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 36 Parks, Forests, and Public Property 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Tribes and treaty and other... Tribes and treaty and other reserved rights. Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to... Tribes with treaty or other reserved rights related to special forest products to protect the...

12 CFR 261a.5 - Request for access to records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... Federal Reserve System, 20th Street and Constitution Avenue, NW., Washington, DC 20551. (2) If you request... 261a.5 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE... writing to the Inspector General, Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, 20th Street and...

77 FR 52058 - Notice of Inventory Completion: American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY; Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

... Elwha Reservation, Washington; and the Port Gamble Indian Community of the Port Gamble Reservation... Community of the Lower Elwha Reservation, Washington; and the Port Gamble Indian Community of the Port Gamble Reservation, Washington, that this notice has been published. Dated: August 8, 2012. Sherry Hutt...

76 FR 19466 - Masco Builder Cabinet Group Including On-Site Leased Workers From Reserves Network, Reliable...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... Builder Cabinet Group Including On-Site Leased Workers From Reserves Network, Reliable Staffing, and Third Dimension Waverly, OH; Masco Builder Cabinet Group Including On-Site Leased Workers From Reserves Network... Group including on-site leased workers from Reserves Network, Jackson, Ohio. The workers produce...

32 CFR 643.122 - Reserve facilities-Air Force and Navy use.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Reserve facilities-Air Force and Navy use. 643... Force and Navy use. MACOM may approve local agreements with other Army, DOD, and Reserve elements... Force or Navy Reserve, or which involve a transfer of funds between services for other than minor...

76 FR 10008 - Meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-23

... DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE Office of the Secretary Meeting of the Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB) AGENCY: Office of the Secretary of Defense Reserve Forces Policy Board, DoD. ACTION: Notice of Advisory... Committee: Reserve Forces Policy Board (RFPB). Date: Tuesday and Wednesday, March 22nd and 23rd, 2011. Time...

26 CFR 1.846-3 - Fresh start and reserve strengthening.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Fresh start and reserve strengthening. 1.846-3... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Other Insurance Companies § 1.846-3 Fresh start and reserve strengthening... relating to fresh start and reserve strengthening. For purposes of section 1023(e) of the 1986 Act, a...

12 CFR 222.80-222.81 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 222.80-222.81 Section 222.80-222.81 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Duties of Users of Consumer Reports Regarding Identity Theft § 222...

43 CFR 3811.2-3 - Lands in Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lands in Indian reservations. 3811.2-3... Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-3 Lands in Indian reservations. All lands contained within the boundaries of an established Indian Reservation are withdrawn from all location, entry, and...

43 CFR 3811.2-3 - Lands in Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lands in Indian reservations. 3811.2-3... Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-3 Lands in Indian reservations. All lands contained within the boundaries of an established Indian Reservation are withdrawn from all location, entry, and...

43 CFR 3811.2-3 - Lands in Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lands in Indian reservations. 3811.2-3... Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-3 Lands in Indian reservations. All lands contained within the boundaries of an established Indian Reservation are withdrawn from all location, entry, and...

43 CFR 3811.2-3 - Lands in Indian reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lands in Indian reservations. 3811.2-3... Lands Subject to Location and Purchase § 3811.2-3 Lands in Indian reservations. All lands contained within the boundaries of an established Indian Reservation are withdrawn from all location, entry, and...

Fed Funds--The Driving Force Behind Interest Rates.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jenkins, Anne S.

1995-01-01

Describes federal-funds activity in the United States and the Federal Reserve's role in controlling bank lending and money creation. Discusses the relationship between the money supply and the Federal Reserve, Federal Reserve interventions in the market, and how the Reserve sets the federal-funds rate. Also identifies players in the funds market.…

25 CFR 162.503 - San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations. 162... AND PERMITS Special Requirements for Certain Reservations § 162.503 San Xavier and Salt River Pima... statutory authority for long-term leasing on the San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations...

25 CFR 162.603 - San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations. 162... AND PERMITS Special Requirements for Certain Reservations § 162.603 San Xavier and Salt River Pima... statutory authority for long-term leasing on the San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations...

25 CFR 162.503 - San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations. 162... AND PERMITS Special Requirements for Certain Reservations § 162.503 San Xavier and Salt River Pima... statutory authority for long-term leasing on the San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations...

25 CFR 162.503 - San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations. 162... AND PERMITS Special Requirements for Certain Reservations § 162.503 San Xavier and Salt River Pima... statutory authority for long-term leasing on the San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations...

Assessing Electronic Reserves at the University of Denver: A Faculty Satisfaction Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Jennifer Everson; Sewell, Bethany B.

2013-01-01

With the migration from Docutek to Ares Course Reserves management system, the University of Denver's Penrose Course Reserves department reached out to faculty at the university through a mixed methods survey to determine their level of satisfaction. The Ares system, reserve-related improvements, and communication results are discussed. (Contains…

76 FR 68064 - Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-03

... depository institution that is subject to a zero percent reserve requirement in 2012 at $11.5 million (up... reserve requirement ratios of zero, three, or ten percent. Section 19(b)(11)(A) of the Act (12 U.S.C. 461(b)(11)(A)) provides that a zero percent reserve requirement shall apply at each depository...

7 CFR 930.56 - Off-premise inventory reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Off-premise inventory reserve. 930.56 Section 930.56... Handling Regulations § 930.56 Off-premise inventory reserve. Any handler may, upon notification to the Board, arrange to hold inventory reserve, of his or her own production or which was purchased, on the...

47 CFR 80.917 - Reserve power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reserve power supply. 80.917 Section 80.917... a reserve power supply located on the same deck as the main wheel house or at least one deck above the vessel's main deck, unless the main power supply is so situated. (b) The reserve power supply must...

47 CFR 80.917 - Reserve power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Reserve power supply. 80.917 Section 80.917... a reserve power supply located on the same deck as the main wheel house or at least one deck above the vessel's main deck, unless the main power supply is so situated. (b) The reserve power supply must...

78 FR 13080 - Notice of Availability of Record of Decision for the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Final...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-26

...] Notice of Availability of Record of Decision for the National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Final Integrated... National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska (NPR-A) Final Integrated Activity Plan (IAP). The Secretary of the... required by the Naval Petroleum Reserves Production Act, as amended, and for application for onshore...

15 CFR 921.40 - Ongoing oversight and evaluations of designated National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... need to keep some areas off limits to the public in order to protect fragile resources. (5) Inadequate... the ability to protect the Reserve site and resources from offsite impacts. (7) Inadequate... on use of the Reserve are adhered to, or evidence that Reserve resources are being damaged or...

15 CFR 921.40 - Ongoing oversight and evaluations of designated National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... need to keep some areas off limits to the public in order to protect fragile resources. (5) Inadequate... the ability to protect the Reserve site and resources from offsite impacts. (7) Inadequate... on use of the Reserve are adhered to, or evidence that Reserve resources are being damaged or...

15 CFR 921.40 - Ongoing oversight and evaluations of designated National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... need to keep some areas off limits to the public in order to protect fragile resources. (5) Inadequate... the ability to protect the Reserve site and resources from offsite impacts. (7) Inadequate... on use of the Reserve are adhered to, or evidence that Reserve resources are being damaged or...

15 CFR 921.40 - Ongoing oversight and evaluations of designated National Estuarine Research Reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... need to keep some areas off limits to the public in order to protect fragile resources. (5) Inadequate... the ability to protect the Reserve site and resources from offsite impacts. (7) Inadequate... on use of the Reserve are adhered to, or evidence that Reserve resources are being damaged or...

76 FR 9597 - Notice of Inventory Completion: Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-18

... the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse Reservation, South...; Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse...; Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada; Sisseton-Wahpeton Oyate of the Lake Traverse...

76 FR 9603 - Notice of Inventory Completion: Denver Museum of Nature & Science, Denver, CO

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-18

... Reservation of Idaho; Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada; Southern Ute Indian Tribe...-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley Reservation, Nevada; Southern Ute Indian Tribe of the Southern Ute...; Shoshone-Bannock Tribes of the Fort Hall Reservation of Idaho; Shoshone-Paiute Tribes of the Duck Valley...

12 CFR 222.80-222.81 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 222.80-222.81 Section 222.80-222.81 Banks and Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM (CONTINUED) BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM FAIR CREDIT REPORTING (REGULATION V) Duties of Users of Consumer Reports Regarding Identity Theft § 222...

39 CFR 761.1 - Definition of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... or indicates: (a) Reserve Bank means the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (and any other Federal Reserve Bank which agrees to issue Postal Service securities in book-entry form) as fiscal agent of the... in these regulations on the records of a Reserve Bank. (e) Pledge includes a pledge of, or any other...

Reserve Recruiting and the College Market: Is a New Educational Benefit Needed? Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asch, Beth; Loughran, David

2005-01-01

Rising college enrollment may put college attendance in direct competition with the reserve components. Individuals can easily join a reserve unit while attending college because reservists are generally only obligated to drill one weekend per month and two weeks during the summer. However, reserve participation entails an increasingly high risk…

Reserve Recruiting and the College Market: Is a New Educational Benefit Needed?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Asch, Beth; Loughran, David

2005-01-01

Rising college enrollment may put college attendance in direct competition with the reserve components. Individuals can easily join a reserve unit while attending college because reservists are generally only obligated to drill one weekend per month and two weeks during the summer. However, reserve participation entails an increasingly high risk…

31 CFR 354.9 - Liability of Sallie Mae and Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Reserve Banks. 354.9 Section 354.9 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance...-ENTRY SECURITIES OF THE STUDENT LOAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (SALLIE MAE) § 354.9 Liability of Sallie Mae and Federal Reserve Banks. Sallie Mae and the Federal Reserve Banks may rely on the information...

7 CFR 958.44 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reserve fund. 958.44 Section 958.44 Agriculture... Reserve fund. At the end of each fiscal period, funds in excess of the committee's expenses may be placed..., with the approval of the Secretary, may include in its budget an item for such reserve. Funds in the...

7 CFR 958.44 - Reserve fund.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve fund. 958.44 Section 958.44 Agriculture... Reserve fund. At the end of each fiscal period, funds in excess of the committee's expenses may be placed..., with the approval of the Secretary, may include in its budget an item for such reserve. Funds in the...

Reserves as tools for alleviating impacts of marine disease

PubMed Central

Wenger, Amelia S.; Devlin, Michelle J.; Ceccarelli, Daniela M.; Williamson, David H.; Willis, Bette L.

2016-01-01

Marine protected areas can prevent over-exploitation, but their effect on marine diseases is less clear. We examined how marine reserves can reduce diseases affecting reef-building corals following acute and chronic disturbances. One year after a severe tropical cyclone, corals inside reserves had sevenfold lower levels of disease than those in non-reserves. Similarly, disease prevalence was threefold lower on reserve reefs following chronic exposure to terrestrial run-off from a degraded river catchment, when exposure duration was below the long-term site average. Examination of 35 predictor variables indicated that lower levels of derelict fishing line and injured corals inside reserves were correlated with lower levels of coral disease in both case studies, signifying that successful disease mitigation occurs when activities that damage reefs are restricted. Conversely, reserves were ineffective in moderating disease when sites were exposed to higher than average levels of run-off, demonstrating that reductions in water quality undermine resilience afforded by reserve protection. In addition to implementing protected areas, we highlight that disease management efforts should also target improving water quality and limiting anthropogenic activities that cause injury. PMID:26880842

Reserves as tools for alleviating impacts of marine disease.

PubMed

Lamb, Joleah B; Wenger, Amelia S; Devlin, Michelle J; Ceccarelli, Daniela M; Williamson, David H; Willis, Bette L

2016-03-05

Marine protected areas can prevent over-exploitation, but their effect on marine diseases is less clear. We examined how marine reserves can reduce diseases affecting reef-building corals following acute and chronic disturbances. One year after a severe tropical cyclone, corals inside reserves had sevenfold lower levels of disease than those in non-reserves. Similarly, disease prevalence was threefold lower on reserve reefs following chronic exposure to terrestrial run-off from a degraded river catchment, when exposure duration was below the long-term site average. Examination of 35 predictor variables indicated that lower levels of derelict fishing line and injured corals inside reserves were correlated with lower levels of coral disease in both case studies, signifying that successful disease mitigation occurs when activities that damage reefs are restricted. Conversely, reserves were ineffective in moderating disease when sites were exposed to higher than average levels of run-off, demonstrating that reductions in water quality undermine resilience afforded by reserve protection. In addition to implementing protected areas, we highlight that disease management efforts should also target improving water quality and limiting anthropogenic activities that cause injury. © 2016 The Author(s).

Role of nature reserves in giant panda protection.

PubMed

Kang, Dongwei; Li, Junqing

2018-02-01

Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is a flagship species in nature conservation of the world; to protect this species, 67 nature reserves have been established in China. To evaluate the protection effect of giant panda nature reserves, we analyzed the variation of giant panda number and habitat area of 23 giant panda nature reserves of Sichuan province based on the national survey data released by State Forestry Administration and Sichuan Forestry Department. Results showed that from the third national survey to the fourth, giant panda number and habitat area of 23 giant panda nature reserves of Sichuan province failed to realize the significant increase. Furthermore, we found that the total population growth rate of 23 nature reserves in the last 12 years was lower than those of the province total of Sichuan and the national total of China, and the total habitat area of the 23 nature reserves was decreasing in the last 12 years, but the province total and national total were all increasing. We propose that giant panda protection should pay more attention to how to improve the protective effects of nature reserves.

Planning for robust reserve networks using uncertainty analysis

USGS Publications Warehouse

Moilanen, A.; Runge, M.C.; Elith, Jane; Tyre, A.; Carmel, Y.; Fegraus, E.; Wintle, B.A.; Burgman, M.; Ben-Haim, Y.

2006-01-01

Planning land-use for biodiversity conservation frequently involves computer-assisted reserve selection algorithms. Typically such algorithms operate on matrices of species presence?absence in sites, or on species-specific distributions of model predicted probabilities of occurrence in grid cells. There are practically always errors in input data?erroneous species presence?absence data, structural and parametric uncertainty in predictive habitat models, and lack of correspondence between temporal presence and long-run persistence. Despite these uncertainties, typical reserve selection methods proceed as if there is no uncertainty in the data or models. Having two conservation options of apparently equal biological value, one would prefer the option whose value is relatively insensitive to errors in planning inputs. In this work we show how uncertainty analysis for reserve planning can be implemented within a framework of information-gap decision theory, generating reserve designs that are robust to uncertainty. Consideration of uncertainty involves modifications to the typical objective functions used in reserve selection. Search for robust-optimal reserve structures can still be implemented via typical reserve selection optimization techniques, including stepwise heuristics, integer-programming and stochastic global search.

Cognitive reserve is not associated with improved performance in all cognitive domains.

PubMed

Lavrencic, Louise M; Churches, Owen F; Keage, Hannah A D

2017-06-08

Cognitive reserve beneficially affects cognitive performance, even into advanced age. However, the benefits afforded by high cognitive reserve may not extend to all cognitive domains. This study investigated whether cognitive reserve differentially affects performance on cognitive tasks, in 521 cognitively healthy individuals aged 60 to 98 years (Mage = 68, SD = 6.22, 287 female); years of education was used to index cognitive reserve. Cognitive performance variables assessed attention, executive functions, verbal memory, motor performance, orientation, perception of emotion, processing speed, and working memory. Bootstrapped regression analyses revealed that cognitive reserve was associated with attention, executive functions, verbal and working memory, and orientation; and not significantly related to emotion perception, processing speed, or motor performance. Cognitive reserve appears to differentially affect individual cognitive domains, which extends current theory that purports benefits for all domains. This finding highlights the possibility of using tests not (or minimally) associated with cognitive reserve, to screen for cognitive impairment and dementia in late life; these tests will likely best track brain health, free of compensatory neural mechanisms.

Dynamic minimum set problem for reserve design: Heuristic solutions for large problems

PubMed Central

Sabbadin, Régis; Johnson, Fred A.; Stith, Bradley

2018-01-01

Conversion of wild habitats to human dominated landscape is a major cause of biodiversity loss. An approach to mitigate the impact of habitat loss consists of designating reserves where habitat is preserved and managed. Determining the most valuable areas to preserve in a landscape is called the reserve design problem. There exists several possible formulations of the reserve design problem, depending on the objectives and the constraints. In this article, we considered the dynamic problem of designing a reserve that contains a desired area of several key habitats. The dynamic case implies that the reserve cannot be designed in one time step, due to budget constraints, and that habitats can be lost before they are reserved, due for example to climate change or human development. We proposed two heuristics strategies that can be used to select sites to reserve each year for large reserve design problem. The first heuristic is a combination of the Marxan and site-ordering algorithms and the second heuristic is an augmented version of the common naive myopic heuristic. We evaluated the strategies on several simulated examples and showed that the augmented greedy heuristic is particularly interesting when some of the habitats to protect are particularly threatened and/or the compactness of the network is accounted for. PMID:29543830

A framework for stochastic simulation of distribution practices for hotel reservations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Halkos, George E.; Tsilika, Kyriaki D.

The focus of this study is primarily on the Greek hotel industry. The objective is to design and develop a framework for stochastic simulation of reservation requests, reservation arrivals, cancellations and hotel occupancy with a planning horizon of a tourist season. In Greek hospitality industry there have been two competing policies for reservation planning process up to 2003: reservations coming directly from customers and a reservations management relying on tour operator(s). Recently the Internet along with other emerging technologies has offered the potential to disrupt enduring distribution arrangements. The focus of the study is on the choice of distribution intermediaries.more » We present an empirical model for the hotel reservation planning process that makes use of a symbolic simulation, Monte Carlo method, as, requests for reservations, cancellations, and arrival rates are all sources of uncertainty. We consider as a case study the problem of determining the optimal booking strategy for a medium size hotel in Skiathos Island, Greece. Probability distributions and parameters estimation result from the historical data available and by following suggestions made in the relevant literature. The results of this study may assist hotel managers define distribution strategies for hotel rooms and evaluate the performance of the reservations management system.« less

Applying ecological criteria to marine reserve design: A case study from the California Channel Islands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Airame, S.; Dugan, J.E.; Lafferty, K.D.; Leslie, H.; McArdle, D.A.; Warner, R.R.

2003-01-01

Using ecological criteria as a theoretical framework, we describe the steps involved in designing a network of marine reserves for conservation and fisheries management. Although we describe the case study of the Channel Islands, the approach to marine reserve design may be effective in other regions where traditional management alone does not sustain marine resources. A group of agencies, organizations, and individuals established clear goals for marine reserves in the Channel Islands, including conservation of ecosystem biodiversity, sustainable fisheries, economic viability, natural and cultural heritage, and education. Given the constraints of risk management, experimental design, monitoring, and enforcement, scientists recommended at least one, but no more than four, reserves in each biogeographic region. In general, the percentage of an area to be included in a reserve network depends on the goals. In the Channel Islands, after consideration of both conservation goals and the risk from human threats and natural catastrophes, scientists recommended reserving an area of 30-50% of all representative habitats in each biogeographic region. For most species of concern, except pinnipeds and seabirds, information about distributions, dispersal, and population growth was limited. As an alternative to species distribution information, suitable habitats for species of concern were used to locate potential reserve sites. We used a simulated annealing algorithm to identify potential reserve network scenarios that would represent all habitats within the smallest area possible. The analysis produced an array of potential reserve network scenarios that all met the established goals.

Accumulation of Reserve Carbohydrate by Rumen Protozoa and Bacteria in Competition for Glucose

PubMed Central

Denton, Bethany L.; Diese, Leanne E.; Firkins, Jeffrey L.

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to determine if rumen protozoa could form large amounts of reserve carbohydrate compared to the amounts formed by bacteria when competing for glucose in batch cultures. We separated large protozoa and small bacteria from rumen fluid by filtration and centrifugation, recombined equal protein masses of each group into one mixture, and subsequently harvested (reseparated) these groups at intervals after glucose dosing. This method allowed us to monitor reserve carbohydrate accumulation of protozoa and bacteria individually. When mixtures were dosed with a moderate concentration of glucose (4.62 or 5 mM) (n = 2 each), protozoa accumulated large amounts of reserve carbohydrate; 58.7% (standard error of the mean [SEM], 2.2%) glucose carbon was recovered from protozoal reserve carbohydrate at time of peak reserve carbohydrate concentrations. Only 1.7% (SEM, 2.2%) was recovered in bacterial reserve carbohydrate, which was less than that for protozoa (P < 0.001). When provided a high concentration of glucose (20 mM) (n = 4 each), 24.1% (SEM, 2.2%) of glucose carbon was recovered from protozoal reserve carbohydrate, which was still higher (P = 0.001) than the 5.0% (SEM, 2.2%) glucose carbon recovered from bacterial reserve carbohydrate. Our novel competition experiments directly demonstrate that mixed protozoa can sequester sugar away from bacteria by accumulating reserve carbohydrate, giving protozoa a competitive advantage and stabilizing fermentation in the rumen. Similar experiments could be used to investigate the importance of starch sequestration. PMID:25548053

Enhanced biodiversity beyond marine reserve boundaries: the cup spillith over.

PubMed

Russ, Garry R; Alcala, Angel C

2011-01-01

Overfishing can have detrimental effects on marine biodiversity and the structure of marine ecosystems. No-take marine reserves (NTMRs) are much advocated as a means of protecting biodiversity and ecosystem structure from overharvest. In contrast to terrestrial protected areas, NTMRs are not only expected to conserve or recover biodiversity and ecosystems within their boundaries, but also to enhance biodiversity beyond their boundaries by exporting species richness and more complex biological communities. Here we show that species richness of large predatory reef fish increased fourfold and 11-fold inside two Philippine no-take marine reserves over 14 and 25 years, respectively. Outside one reserve (Apo) the species richness also increased. This increase beyond the Apo reserve boundary was 78% higher closer to the boundary (200-250 m) than farther from it (250-500 m). The increase in richness beyond the boundary could not be explained by improvements over time in habitat or prey availability. Furthermore, community composition of predatory fish outside but close to (200-250 m) the Apo reserve became very similar to that inside the reserve over time, almost converging with it in multivariate space after 26 years of reserve protection. This is consistent with the suggestion that, as community composition inside Apo reserve increased in complexity, this complexity spilled over the boundary into nearby fished areas. Clearly, the spillover of species richness and community complexity is a direct consequence of the spillover of abundance of multiple species. However, this spillover of species richness and community complexity demonstrates an important benefit of biodiversity and ecosystem export from reserves, and it provides hope that reserves can help to reverse the decline of marine ecosystems and biodiversity.

Rapid Effects of Marine Reserves via Larval Dispersal

PubMed Central

Cudney-Bueno, Richard; Lavín, Miguel F.; Marinone, Silvio G.; Raimondi, Peter T.; Shaw, William W.

2009-01-01

Marine reserves have been advocated worldwide as conservation and fishery management tools. It is argued that they can protect ecosystems and also benefit fisheries via density-dependent spillover of adults and enhanced larval dispersal into fishing areas. However, while evidence has shown that marine reserves can meet conservation targets, their effects on fisheries are less understood. In particular, the basic question of if and over what temporal and spatial scales reserves can benefit fished populations via larval dispersal remains unanswered. We tested predictions of a larval transport model for a marine reserve network in the Gulf of California, Mexico, via field oceanography and repeated density counts of recently settled juvenile commercial mollusks before and after reserve establishment. We show that local retention of larvae within a reserve network can take place with enhanced, but spatially-explicit, recruitment to local fisheries. Enhancement occurred rapidly (2 yrs), with up to a three-fold increase in density of juveniles found in fished areas at the downstream edge of the reserve network, but other fishing areas within the network were unaffected. These findings were consistent with our model predictions. Our findings underscore the potential benefits of protecting larval sources and show that enhancement in recruitment can be manifested rapidly. However, benefits can be markedly variable within a local seascape. Hence, effects of marine reserve networks, positive or negative, may be overlooked when only focusing on overall responses and not considering finer spatially-explicit responses within a reserve network and its adjacent fishing grounds. Our results therefore call for future research on marine reserves that addresses this variability in order to help frame appropriate scenarios for the spatial management scales of interest. PMID:19129910

Assessment of current and proposed nature reserves of Mexico based on their capacity to protect geophysical features and biodiversity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cantu, C.; Wright, R.G.; Scott, J.M.; Strand, Espen

2004-01-01

Mexico currently has 144 nature reserves covering approximately 9.1% of its land area. These reserves were established for a variety of reasons - often unrelated to the protection of biodiversity. In 2000 in response to a growing concern about the lack of organized conservation reserve planning to protect the important threatened biological and physical features of Mexico, the Mexican Commission for Knowledge and Use of Biodiversity (CONABIO) proposed the establishment of 151 new reserves for Mexico covering 51,429,500 ha. We compiled a GIS analysis using digital thematic maps of physical and biological features to examine how the existing and proposed reserves serve to protect the biodiversity and physical features of the country. Using a conservation target of placing a minimum of 12% of the land area of each important biophysical feature in nature reserves, we found that the 144 existing nature reserves covering 18 million ha (9% of the country) only meet that target for elevation ranges >3000 m and areas with poor soils. These mountainous areas represent less than 1% of the country. The gaps in the existing nature reserves network occur mainly at lower and intermediate elevations (<3000 m) areas with xeric, tropical, and temperate ecosystems, and high productivity soils. The areas proposed by CONABIO increase the proportion of protected lands in the country to over 27% and most of the conservation targets for geophysical features, and land cover, categories are met. Whether this area would be sufficient to maintain viable populations and ecological integrity of species and ecosystems is unknown. Even with the new reserves, low elevation coastal lands would be below the conservation target in the nature reserves. To include a representative sample of these lands would be difficult as these are the same areas where the majority of people live. ?? 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Petroleum reserves and undiscovered resources in the total petroleum systems of Iraq: Reserve growth and production implications

USGS Publications Warehouse

Verma, M.K.; Ahlbrandt, T.S.; Al-Gailani, M.

2004-01-01

Iraq is one of the world's most petroleum-rich countries and, in the future, it could become one of the main producers. Iraq's petroleum resources are estimated to be 184 billion barrels, which include oil and natural gas reserves, and undiscovered resources. With its proved (or remaining) reserves of 113 billion barrels of oil (BBO) as of January 2003, Iraq ranks second to Saudi Arabia with 259 BBO in the Middle East. Iraq's proved reserves of 110 trillion cubic feet of gas (TCFG) rank tenth in the world. In addition to known reserves, the combined undiscovered hydrocarbon potential for the three Total Petroleum Systems (Paleozoic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous/Tertiary) in Iraq is estimated to range from 14 to 84 BBO (45 BBO at the mean), and 37 to 227 TCFG (120 TCFG at the mean). Additionally, of the 526 known prospective structures, some 370 remain undrilled. Petroleum migration models and associated geological and geochemical studies were used to constrain the undiscovered resource estimates of Iraq. Based on a criterion of recoverable reserves of between 1 and 5 BBO for a giant field, and more than 5 BBO for a super-giant, Iraq has 6 super-giant and 11 giant fields, accounting for 88% of its recoverable reserves, which include proved reserves and cumulative production. Of the 28 producing fields, 22 have recovery factors that range from 15 to 42% with an overall average of less than 30%. The recovery factor can be increased with water injection, improved and enhanced oil recovery methods (IOR and EOR) in various reservoirs, thus potentially increasing Iraq's reserves by an additional 50 to 70 BBO. Reserve growth is a significant factor that has been observed, to some extent, in nearly all Iraqi oil fields. Historically, producing fields have shown an average growth of 1.6 fold (or 60%) in their recoverable reserves over a 20-year period (1981-2001). With periodic assessments of reservoirs, application of available technology, and an upgrading of facilities, increases in reserves are expected in the future.

31 CFR 321.25 - Role of Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Role of Federal Reserve Banks. 321.25... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT PAYMENTS BY BANKS AND OTHER FINANCIAL... Provisions § 321.25 Role of Federal Reserve Banks. (a) The Federal Reserve Banks referred to below, as fiscal...

31 CFR 317.9 - Role of Federal Reserve Banks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Role of Federal Reserve Banks. 317.9... UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS § 317.9 Role of Federal Reserve Banks. (a) Role as fiscal agents. In their capacity as fiscal agents of the United States, the Federal Reserve Banks referred to below are authorized...

78 FR 22911 - Delta Air Lines, Inc., Reservation Sales and Customer Care Call Center, Seatac, WA; Delta Air...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-17

... Lines, Inc., Reservation Sales and Customer Care Call Center, Seatac, WA; Delta Air Lines, Inc., Reservation Sales and Customer Care Call Center, Sioux City, IA; Notice of Revised Determination on..., Inc., Reservation Sales and Customer Care Call Center, Seatac, Washington (TA-W-82,197) and Delta Air...

13 CFR 120.710 - What is the Loan Loss Reserve Fund?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 13 Business Credit and Assistance 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What is the Loan Loss Reserve Fund? 120.710 Section 120.710 Business Credit and Assistance SMALL BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION BUSINESS LOANS Microloan Program § 120.710 What is the Loan Loss Reserve Fund? (a) General. The Loan Loss Reserve Fund...

26 CFR 1.419-1T - Treatment of welfare benefit funds. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... welfare benefit funds with excess reserves. Q-2: When do the deduction rules of section 419, as enacted by... “funds” within section 419(e)(3)(C). A retired lives reserve or a premium stabilization reserve... employer and the employer has the right to have any amount in the reserve applied against its future years...

26 CFR 1.803-1 - Life insurance reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Life insurance reserves. 1.803-1 Section 1.803-1...) INCOME TAXES Life Insurance Companies § 1.803-1 Life insurance reserves. (a) The term “life insurance reserves” is defined in section 803(b). Generally, such reserves, as in the case of level premium life...

26 CFR 1.585-2 - Addition to reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... increase the balance of the reserve to the amount which bears the same ratio to eligible loans outstanding at the close of the taxable year as the balance of the reserve as of the close of the base year bears... necessary to increase the balance of the reserve to the amount ($18,000) which bears the same ratio to...

26 CFR 1.585-2 - Addition to reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... increase the balance of the reserve to the amount which bears the same ratio to eligible loans outstanding at the close of the taxable year as the balance of the reserve as of the close of the base year bears... necessary to increase the balance of the reserve to the amount ($18,000) which bears the same ratio to...

26 CFR 1.585-2 - Addition to reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... increase the balance of the reserve to the amount which bears the same ratio to eligible loans outstanding at the close of the taxable year as the balance of the reserve as of the close of the base year bears... necessary to increase the balance of the reserve to the amount ($18,000) which bears the same ratio to...

26 CFR 1.585-2 - Addition to reserve.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... increase the balance of the reserve to the amount which bears the same ratio to eligible loans outstanding at the close of the taxable year as the balance of the reserve as of the close of the base year bears... necessary to increase the balance of the reserve to the amount ($18,000) which bears the same ratio to...

An Assessment of Agriculture and Natural Resource Extension Program Needs on American Indian Reservations in Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Washington

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Singletary, Loretta; Emm, Staci; Hill, George

2011-01-01

This article summarizes the results of a needs assessment involving American Indians and outreach professionals on reservations in Idaho, Nevada, Oregon and Washington. The survey featured 36 questions about agricultural and natural resource issues that may pose challenges on reservation lands. A comparison between reservation residents and…

25 CFR 91.11 - Domestic animals in village reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Domestic animals in village reserves. 91.11 Section 91.11... VILLAGES, OSAGE RESERVATION, OKLAHOMA § 91.11 Domestic animals in village reserves. (a) No livestock shall... owner of the animal, if known, by certified mail or by posting in the village square. The notice shall...

25 CFR 91.11 - Domestic animals in village reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2012-04-01 2011-04-01 true Domestic animals in village reserves. 91.11 Section 91.11... VILLAGES, OSAGE RESERVATION, OKLAHOMA § 91.11 Domestic animals in village reserves. (a) No livestock shall... owner of the animal, if known, by certified mail or by posting in the village square. The notice shall...

25 CFR 91.11 - Domestic animals in village reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Domestic animals in village reserves. 91.11 Section 91.11... VILLAGES, OSAGE RESERVATION, OKLAHOMA § 91.11 Domestic animals in village reserves. (a) No livestock shall... owner of the animal, if known, by certified mail or by posting in the village square. The notice shall...

25 CFR 91.11 - Domestic animals in village reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Domestic animals in village reserves. 91.11 Section 91.11... VILLAGES, OSAGE RESERVATION, OKLAHOMA § 91.11 Domestic animals in village reserves. (a) No livestock shall... owner of the animal, if known, by certified mail or by posting in the village square. The notice shall...

In Plain English: Making Sense of the Federal Reserve.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis, MO.

The Federal Reserve was created in 1913 in response to recurring banking panics in the United States. Its mission has since expanded into fostering a healthy economy. The Federal Reserve consists of three parts: (1) the Board of Governors; (2) Reserve Banks; and (3) the Federal Open Market Committee (FOMC). The Board of Governors is the federal…

77 FR 65773 - Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-31

... institution that is subject to a zero percent reserve requirement in 2013 at 12.4 million (from $11.5 million... reserve requirement ratios of zero, three, or ten percent. Section 19(b)(11)(A) of the Act (12 U.S.C. 461(b)(11)(A)) provides that a zero percent reserve requirement shall apply at each depository...

75 FR 65563 - Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-10-26

... institution that is subject to a zero percent reserve requirement in 2011 at $10.7 million, unchanged from its... ratios of zero, three, or ten percent. Section 19(b)(11)(A) of the Act (12 U.S.C. 461(b)(11)(A)) provides that a zero percent reserve requirement shall apply at each depository institution to total reservable...

47 CFR 80.860 - Reserve power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Reserve power supply. 80.860 Section 80.860... Reserve power supply. (a) When the main power supply is not on the same deck as the main wheelhouse or at least one deck above the vessel's main deck, a reserve power supply must be provided and must be so...

47 CFR 80.860 - Reserve power supply.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Reserve power supply. 80.860 Section 80.860... Reserve power supply. (a) When the main power supply is not on the same deck as the main wheelhouse or at least one deck above the vessel's main deck, a reserve power supply must be provided and must be so...

25 CFR 170.120 - What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian Reservation Road?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Reservation Road? 170.120 Section 170.120 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Use of Irr and Cultural Access Roads § 170.120 What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian...

25 CFR 170.120 - What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian Reservation Road?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Reservation Road? 170.120 Section 170.120 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Use of Irr and Cultural Access Roads § 170.120 What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian...

25 CFR 170.120 - What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian Reservation Road?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Reservation Road? 170.120 Section 170.120 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Use of Irr and Cultural Access Roads § 170.120 What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian...

25 CFR 170.120 - What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian Reservation Road?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Reservation Road? 170.120 Section 170.120 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Use of Irr and Cultural Access Roads § 170.120 What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian...

25 CFR 170.120 - What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian Reservation Road?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Reservation Road? 170.120 Section 170.120 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER INDIAN RESERVATION ROADS PROGRAM Indian Reservation Roads Program Policy and Eligibility Use of Irr and Cultural Access Roads § 170.120 What restrictions apply to the use of an Indian...

14 CFR 23.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 23.727... Construction Landing Gear § 23.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. (a) If compliance with the reserve energy absorption requirement in § 23.723(b) is shown by free drop tests, the drop height may not be less...

14 CFR 23.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 23.727... Construction Landing Gear § 23.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. (a) If compliance with the reserve energy absorption requirement in § 23.723(b) is shown by free drop tests, the drop height may not be less...

14 CFR 23.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 23.727... Construction Landing Gear § 23.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. (a) If compliance with the reserve energy absorption requirement in § 23.723(b) is shown by free drop tests, the drop height may not be less...

14 CFR 23.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 23.727... Construction Landing Gear § 23.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. (a) If compliance with the reserve energy absorption requirement in § 23.723(b) is shown by free drop tests, the drop height may not be less...

14 CFR 23.727 - Reserve energy absorption drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Reserve energy absorption drop test. 23.727... Construction Landing Gear § 23.727 Reserve energy absorption drop test. (a) If compliance with the reserve energy absorption requirement in § 23.723(b) is shown by free drop tests, the drop height may not be less...

26 CFR 1.801-8 - Contracts with reserves based on segregated asset accounts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...). The company retained with respect to such reserves from gross investment income on Separate Account A... retained with respect to such reserves from gross investment income on Separate Account B a total of $5,720... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Contracts with reserves based on segregated...

26 CFR 1.806-4 - Change of basis in computing reserves.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... For the taxable year 1959, S elects to revalue such reserves on a net level premium basis under... 26 Internal Revenue 8 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Change of basis in computing reserves. 1.806-4... TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES Investment Income § 1.806-4 Change of basis in computing reserves. (a) In...

49 CFR Appendix C - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false [Reserved] C Appendix C Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) FEDERAL RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... C [Reserved] ...

Analysis of Human Activities in Nature Reserves Based on Nighttime Light Remote Sensing and Microblogging Data - by the Case of National Nature Reserves in Jiangxi Province

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, F.; Li, X.; Xu, H.

2017-09-01

The study used the mainstream social media in china - Sina microblogging data combined with nighttime light remote sensing and various geographical data to reveal the pattern of human activities and light pollution of the Jiangxi Provincial National Nature Reserves. Firstly, we performed statistical analysis based on both functional areas and km-grid from the perspective of space and time, and selected the key areas for in-depth study. Secondly, the relationship between microblogging data and nighttime light remote sensing, population, GDP, road coverage, road distance and road type in nature reserves was analyzed by Spearman correlation coefficient method, so the distribution pattern and influencing factors of the microblogging data were explored. Thirdly, a region where the luminance value was greater than 0.2 was defined as a light region. We evaluated the management status by analyzing the distribution of microblogging data in both light area and non-light area. Final results showed that in all nature reserves, the top three were the Lushan Nature Reserve, the Jinggangshan Nature Reserve, the Taohongling National Nature Reserve of Sikas both on the total number and density of microblogging ; microblogging had a significant correlation with nighttime light remote sensing , the GDP, population, road and other factors; the distribution of microblogging near roads in protected area followed power laws; luminous radiance of Lushan Nature Reserve was the highest, with 43 percent of region was light at night; analysis combining nighttime light remote sensing with microblogging data reflected the status of management of nature reserves.

Evidence for protection of targeted reef fish on the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean

PubMed Central

Pina-Amargós, Fabián; González-Sansón, Gaspar; Martín-Blanco, Félix

2014-01-01

Marine reserves can restore fish abundance and diversity in areas impacted by overfishing, but the effectiveness of reserves in developing countries where resources for enforcement are limited, have seldom been evaluated. Here we assess whether the establishment in 1996 of the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean, Gardens of the Queen in Cuba, has had a positive effect on the abundance of commercially valuable reef fish species in relation to neighboring unprotected areas. We surveyed 25 sites, including two reef habitats (reef crest and reef slope), inside and outside the marine reserve, on five different months, and over a one-and-a-half year period. Densities of the ten most frequent, highly targeted, and relatively large fish species showed a significant variability across the archipelago for both reef habitats that depended on the month of survey. These ten species showed a tendency towards higher abundance inside the reserve in both reef habitats for most months during the study. Average fish densities pooled by protection level, however, showed that five out of these ten species were at least two-fold significantly higher inside than outside the reserve at one or both reef habitats. Supporting evidence from previously published studies in the area indicates that habitat complexity and major benthic communities were similar inside and outside the reserve, while fishing pressure appeared to be homogeneous across the archipelago before reserve establishment. Although poaching may occur within the reserve, especially at the boundaries, effective protection from fishing was the most plausible explanation for the patterns observed. PMID:24688853

Evidence for protection of targeted reef fish on the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean.

PubMed

Pina-Amargós, Fabián; González-Sansón, Gaspar; Martín-Blanco, Félix; Valdivia, Abel

2014-01-01

Marine reserves can restore fish abundance and diversity in areas impacted by overfishing, but the effectiveness of reserves in developing countries where resources for enforcement are limited, have seldom been evaluated. Here we assess whether the establishment in 1996 of the largest marine reserve in the Caribbean, Gardens of the Queen in Cuba, has had a positive effect on the abundance of commercially valuable reef fish species in relation to neighboring unprotected areas. We surveyed 25 sites, including two reef habitats (reef crest and reef slope), inside and outside the marine reserve, on five different months, and over a one-and-a-half year period. Densities of the ten most frequent, highly targeted, and relatively large fish species showed a significant variability across the archipelago for both reef habitats that depended on the month of survey. These ten species showed a tendency towards higher abundance inside the reserve in both reef habitats for most months during the study. Average fish densities pooled by protection level, however, showed that five out of these ten species were at least two-fold significantly higher inside than outside the reserve at one or both reef habitats. Supporting evidence from previously published studies in the area indicates that habitat complexity and major benthic communities were similar inside and outside the reserve, while fishing pressure appeared to be homogeneous across the archipelago before reserve establishment. Although poaching may occur within the reserve, especially at the boundaries, effective protection from fishing was the most plausible explanation for the patterns observed.

Impact of marine reserve on maximum sustainable yield in a traditional prey-predator system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Paul, Prosenjit; Kar, T. K.; Ghorai, Abhijit

2018-01-01

Multispecies fisheries management requires managers to consider the impact of fishing activities on several species as fishing impacts both targeted and non-targeted species directly or indirectly in several ways. The intended goal of traditional fisheries management is to achieve maximum sustainable yield (MSY) from the targeted species, which on many occasions affect the targeted species as well as the entire ecosystem. Marine reserves are often acclaimed as the marine ecosystem management tool. Few attempts have been made to generalize the ecological effects of marine reserve on MSY policy. We examine here how MSY and population level in a prey-predator system are affected by the low, medium and high reserve size under different possible scenarios. Our simulation works shows that low reserve area, the value of MSY for prey exploitation is maximum when both prey and predator species have fast movement rate. For medium reserve size, our analysis revealed that the maximum value of MSY for prey exploitation is obtained when prey population has fast movement rate and predator population has slow movement rate. For high reserve area, the maximum value of MSY for prey's exploitation is very low compared to the maximum value of MSY for prey's exploitation in case of low and medium reserve. On the other hand, for low and medium reserve area, MSY for predator exploitation is maximum when both the species have fast movement rate.

Does bilingualism contribute to cognitive reserve? Cognitive and neural perspectives.

PubMed

Guzmán-Vélez, Edmarie; Tranel, Daniel

2015-01-01

Cognitive reserve refers to how individuals actively utilize neural resources to cope with neuropathology to maintain cognitive functioning. The present review aims to critically examine the literature addressing the relationship between bilingualism and cognitive reserve to elucidate whether bilingualism delays the onset of cognitive and behavioral manifestations of dementia. Potential neural mechanisms behind this relationship are discussed. PubMed and PsycINFO databases were searched (through January 2014) for original research articles in English or Spanish languages. The following search strings were used as keywords for study retrieval: "bilingual AND reserve," "reserve AND neural mechanisms," and "reserve AND multilingualism." Growing scientific evidence suggests that lifelong bilingualism contributes to cognitive reserve and delays the onset of Alzheimer's disease symptoms, allowing bilingual individuals affected by Alzheimer's disease to live an independent and richer life for a longer time than their monolingual counterparts. Lifelong bilingualism is related to more efficient use of brain resources that help individuals maintain cognitive functioning in the presence of neuropathology. We propose multiple putative neural mechanisms through which lifelong bilinguals cope with neuropathology. The roles of immigration status, education, age of onset, proficiency, and frequency of language use on the relationship between cognitive reserve and bilingualism are considered. Implications of these results for preventive practices and future research are discussed. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved.

Preliminary report on part of the Oat Hill quicksilver mine, Mayacmas district, Napa County, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fix, Philip Forsyth

1955-01-01

Oat Hill quicksilver mine, located in the Mayacmas district of northern California, and credited with having produced more than 160,000 flasks of quicksilver, was sampled cooperatively by the Buray of Mines and Geological Survey during 1944. 28 diamond drill holes totaling 8,120 feet were drilled by the Bureau of Mines in four of the six principal veins to sample virgin low-grade reserves and stope fill, and reserves in the other two veins were estimated from existing underground workings and by inferences from drill holes in nearby veins. The writer estimates a total of 10,220 flasks of quicksilver in indicated and inferred reserves totaling 320,000 tons. Indicated reserves minable under 1943 conditions are estimated at 1,960 flasks of quicksilver in 75,000 tons averaging 3.0 lbs Hg per ton. Inferred reserves minable under 1943 conditions are estimated at 4,640 flasks of quicksilver in 109,920 tons averaging about 3.2 lbs Hg per ton. Inferred reserves believed minable only under economic conditions much more favorable than even those of 1943 are estimated at 2,620 flasks of quicksilver in 135,080 tons averaging a little less than 1.5 lbs Hg per ton. About two-thirds of the indicated reserves are accessible in underground workings. All other reserves are estimated approximately without access underground. Several areas not sampled may possibly contain reserves.

The Future of Electronic Reserves and the Presence of Librarians in Content Management Systems: A Case Study at Manhattan College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Handfield, Amy E.

2017-01-01

This article addresses the development of electronic reserves within academic libraries. Libraries have been offering electronic reserve services on separate platforms since the 1990s (Austin, 2013). However, since the integration of campus-wide content management systems (CMSs), the need for a library reserves platform that is independent from an…

31 CFR 375.3 - What is the role of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in this process?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Reserve Bank of New York in this process? 375.3 Section 375.3 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York in this process? As fiscal agent of the United States, the Federal Reserve Bank of New York performs various activities necessary to conduct a redemption operation...

2017 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members: Statistical Methodology Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2018-04-30

2017 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Reserve Component Members Statistical Methodology Report Additional copies of this report...Survey of Reserve Component Members Statistical Methodology Report Office of People Analytics (OPA) 4800 Mark Center Drive, Suite...RESERVE COMPONENT MEMBERS STATISTICAL METHODOLOGY REPORT Introduction The Office of People Analytics’ Center for Health and Resilience (OPA[H&R

40 CFR 87.65-87.70 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Definitions. Test Procedures §§ 87.65-87.70 [Reserved] Link to an amendment published at 77 FR 36386, June 18, 2012. Effective Date Note: At 77 FR 36386, June 18, 2012, reserved §§ 87.65-87.70 were removed... 40 Protection of Environment 21 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 87.65-87.70 Section 87.65...

75 FR 43564 - TA-W-71,483, Continental Airlines, Inc., Reservations Division, Houston, TX; TA-W-71,483A...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-26

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration TA-W-71,483, Continental Airlines, Inc., Reservations Division, Houston, TX; TA-W-71,483A, Continental Airlines, Inc., Reservations Division, Tampa, FL; TA-W-71,483B, Continental Airlines, Inc., Reservations Division, Salt Lake City, UT; Notice of Negative Determination Regarding...

25 CFR 162.503 - San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 25 Indians 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations. 162.503 Section 162.503 Indians BUREAU OF INDIAN AFFAIRS, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND AND WATER LEASES AND PERMITS Special Requirements for Certain Reservations § 162.503 San Xavier and Salt River Pima-Maricopa Reservations. (a) Purpose and scope....

78 FR 66249 - Reserve Requirements of Depository Institutions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-05

... institution that is subject to a zero percent reserve requirement in 2014 at $13.3 million (from $12.4 million... institution are subject to reserve requirement ratios of zero, three, or ten percent. Section 19(b)(11)(A) of the Act (12 U.S.C. 461(b)(11)(A)) provides that a zero percent reserve requirement shall apply at each...

77 FR 61022 - Notice of National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2012 and Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-05

... National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2012 and Notice of Availability of the Detailed Statement of Sale for Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2012 in the National Petroleum Reserve-- Alaska AGENCY: Bureau... National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska oil and gas lease sale bid opening for tracts in the Northeast and...

78 FR 59952 - Notice of National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2013 and Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-30

... National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2013 and Notice of Availability of the Detailed Statement of Sale for Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2013 in the National Petroleum Reserve- Alaska AGENCY: Bureau... State Office hereby notifies the public that it will hold a National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska oil and...

26 CFR 1.419-1T - Treatment of welfare benefit funds. (Temporary)

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... reserve or a premium stabilization reserve maintained by an insurance company is a “fund,” or part of a... in the reserve applied against its future years' benefit costs or insurance premiums. Also, if an... reserves. Q-2: When do the deduction rules of section 419, as enacted by the Tax Reform Act of 1984, become...

24 CFR 203.43j - Eligibility of mortgages on Allegany Reservation of Seneca Nation of Indians.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Allegany Reservation of Seneca Nation of Indians. 203.43j Section 203.43j Housing and Urban Development... Reservation of Seneca Nation of Indians. A mortgage on a leasehold estate covering a one- to four-family residence located on the Allegany Reservation of the Seneca Nation of Indians in the State of New York is...

A user-friendly tool to evaluate the effectiveness of no-take marine reserves.

PubMed

Villaseñor-Derbez, Juan Carlos; Faro, Caio; Wright, Melaina; Martínez, Jael; Fitzgerald, Sean; Fulton, Stuart; Mancha-Cisneros, Maria Del Mar; McDonald, Gavin; Micheli, Fiorenza; Suárez, Alvin; Torre, Jorge; Costello, Christopher

2018-01-01

Marine reserves are implemented to achieve a variety of objectives, but are seldom rigorously evaluated to determine whether those objectives are met. In the rare cases when evaluations do take place, they typically focus on ecological indicators and ignore other relevant objectives such as socioeconomics and governance. And regardless of the objectives, the diversity of locations, monitoring protocols, and analysis approaches hinder the ability to compare results across case studies. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of reserves is generally conducted by outside researchers, not the reserve managers or users, plausibly thereby hindering effective local management and rapid response to change. We present a framework and tool, called "MAREA", to overcome these challenges. Its purpose is to evaluate the extent to which any given reserve has achieved its stated objectives. MAREA provides specific guidance on data collection and formatting, and then conducts rigorous causal inference analysis based on data input by the user, providing real-time outputs about the effectiveness of the reserve. MAREA's ease of use, standardization of state-of-the-art inference methods, and ability to analyze marine reserve effectiveness across ecological, socioeconomic, and governance objectives could dramatically further our understanding and support of effective marine reserve management.

A user-friendly tool to evaluate the effectiveness of no-take marine reserves

PubMed Central

Fitzgerald, Sean; Fulton, Stuart; Mancha-Cisneros, Maria del Mar; McDonald, Gavin; Micheli, Fiorenza; Suárez, Alvin; Torre, Jorge

2018-01-01

Marine reserves are implemented to achieve a variety of objectives, but are seldom rigorously evaluated to determine whether those objectives are met. In the rare cases when evaluations do take place, they typically focus on ecological indicators and ignore other relevant objectives such as socioeconomics and governance. And regardless of the objectives, the diversity of locations, monitoring protocols, and analysis approaches hinder the ability to compare results across case studies. Moreover, analysis and evaluation of reserves is generally conducted by outside researchers, not the reserve managers or users, plausibly thereby hindering effective local management and rapid response to change. We present a framework and tool, called “MAREA”, to overcome these challenges. Its purpose is to evaluate the extent to which any given reserve has achieved its stated objectives. MAREA provides specific guidance on data collection and formatting, and then conducts rigorous causal inference analysis based on data input by the user, providing real-time outputs about the effectiveness of the reserve. MAREA’s ease of use, standardization of state-of-the-art inference methods, and ability to analyze marine reserve effectiveness across ecological, socioeconomic, and governance objectives could dramatically further our understanding and support of effective marine reserve management. PMID:29381762

Effect of different sampling schemes on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA

USGS Publications Warehouse

Bassett, S.D.; Edwards, T.C.

2003-01-01

We evaluated the effect of three different sampling schemes used to organize spatially explicit biological information had on the spatial placement of conservation reserves in Utah, USA. The three sampling schemes consisted of a hexagon representation developed by the EPA/EMAP program (statistical basis), watershed boundaries (ecological), and the current county boundaries of Utah (socio-political). Four decision criteria were used to estimate effects, including amount of area, length of edge, lowest number of contiguous reserves, and greatest number of terrestrial vertebrate species covered. A fifth evaluation criterion was the effect each sampling scheme had on the ability of the modeled conservation reserves to cover the six major ecoregions found in Utah. Of the three sampling schemes, county boundaries covered the greatest number of species, but also created the longest length of edge and greatest number of reserves. Watersheds maximized species coverage using the least amount of area. Hexagons and watersheds provide the least amount of edge and fewest number of reserves. Although there were differences in area, edge and number of reserves among the sampling schemes, all three schemes covered all the major ecoregions in Utah and their inclusive biodiversity. ?? 2003 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved.

The importance of nitrogen and carbohydrate storage for plant growth of the alpine herb Veratrum album.

PubMed

Kleijn, David; Treier, Urs A; Müller-Schärer, Heinz

2005-05-01

We examined whether nitrogen (N) and carbohydrates reserves allow Veratrum album, an alpine forb, to start spring growth earlier than the neighbouring vegetation and to survive unpredictable disturbances resulting in loss of above-ground biomass. * Seasonal dynamics of plant reserves, soil N availability and vegetation growth were monitored. Veratrum album shoots were experimentally removed when carbohydrate reserves were at a seasonal minimum and the subsequent changes in biomass and reserves were compared with those in control plants. Reserves did not give V. album a competitive advantage in spring; however, they did function as a buffer against the impact of calamities. Shoot removal resulted in significantly lower root dry weight, higher N concentration in rhizome and roots and lower starch concentrations in rhizome and roots but no plant mortality was observed. Veratrum album used stored N reserves to supplement N uptake and establish high leaf N concentrations, which facilitated a rapid refilling of depleted carbohydrate reserves. The primary function of N reserves appears to be to allow V. album to complete the growing cycle in as short a period as possible, thus minimizing exposure to above-ground risks.

Monitoring wetland of Poyang Lake National Nature Reserve zone by remote sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Le, Xinghua; Fan, Zhewen; Fang, Yu; Yu, Yuping; Zhang, Yun

2008-10-01

In order to monitor the wetland of the Poyang Lake national nature reserve zone, we selected three different seasons TM image data which were achieved individually in April 23th in 1988, Nov 2nd in 1994, and Jan 1st in 2000. Based on the band 5, band 4 and band 3of TM image, we divided the land coverage of Poyang Lake national nature reserve zone into three classes--water field, meadow field and the other land use by rule of maximum likelihood. Using the outcome data to make the statistical analysis, combining with the GIS overlay function operation, the land coverage changes of the Poyang Lake national nature reserve zone can be achieved. Clipped by the Poyang Lake national nature reserve zone boundary, the land coverage changes of Poyang Lake national nature reserve zone in three different years can be attained. Compared with the different wetland coverage data in year of 1988, 1994, 2000, the Poyang Lake national nature reserve zone eco-environment can be inferred from it. After analyzing the land coverage changes data, we draw the conclusion that the effort of Poyang Lake national nature reserve administration bureaucracy has worked well in certain sense.

Dynamic user data analysis and web composition technique using big data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soundarya, P.; Vanitha, M.; Sumaiya Thaseen, I.

2017-11-01

In the existing system, a reliable service oriented system is built which is more important when compared with the traditional standalone system in the unpredictable internet service and it also a challenging task to build reliable web service. In the proposed system, the fault tolerance is determined by using the proposed heuristic algorithm. There are two kinds of strategies active and passive strategies. The user requirement is also formulated as local and global constraints. Different services are deployed in the modification process. Two bus reservation and two train reservation services are deployed along with hotel reservation service. User can choose any one of the bus reservation and specify their destination location. If corresponding destination is not available then automatic backup service to another bus reservation system is carried. If same, the service is not available then parallel service of train reservation is initiated. Automatic hotel reservation is also initiated based on the mode and type of travel of the user.

Biosphere Reserve for All: Potentials for Involving Underrepresented Age Groups in the Development of a Biosphere Reserve through Intergenerational Practice.

PubMed

Mitrofanenko, Tamara; Snajdr, Julia; Muhar, Andreas; Penker, Marianne; Schauppenlehner-Kloyber, Elisabeth

2018-05-22

Stakeholder participation is of high importance in UNESCO biosphere reserves as model regions for sustainable development; however, certain groups remain underrepresented. The paper proposes Intergenerational Practice (IP) as a means of involving youth and elderly women and explores its options and barriers, using the example of the Salzburger Lungau and Kärntner Nockberge Biosphere Reserve in Austria. Case study analysis is used involving mixed methods. The results reveal obstacles and motivations to participating in biosphere reserve implementation and intergenerational activities for the youth and the elderly women and imply that much potential for IP exists in the biosphere reserve region. The authors propose suitable solutions from the intergenerational field to overcome identified participation obstacles and suggest benefits of incorporating IP as a management tool into biosphere reserve activities. Suggestions for future research include evaluating applications of IP in the context of protected areas, testing of methods used in other contexts, and contribution to theory development.

48 CFR 1632.770 - Contingency reserve payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... FINANCING Contract Funding 1632.770 Contingency reserve payments. (a) Payments from the contingency reserve... advise the carrier of its decision. However, OPM shall not unreasonably withhold approval for amounts...

Global mismatch between fishing dependency and larval supply from marine reserves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrello, Marco; Guilhaumon, François; Albouy, Camille; Parravicini, Valeriano; Scholtens, Joeri; Verley, Philippe; Barange, Manuel; Sumaila, U. Rashid; Manel, Stéphanie; Mouillot, David

2017-07-01

Marine reserves are viewed as flagship tools to protect exploited species and to contribute to the effective management of coastal fisheries. Yet, the extent to which marine reserves are globally interconnected and able to effectively seed areas, where fisheries are most critical for food and livelihood security is largely unknown. Using a hydrodynamic model of larval dispersal, we predict that most marine reserves are not interconnected by currents and that their potential benefits to fishing areas are presently limited, since countries with high dependency on coastal fisheries receive very little larval supply from marine reserves. This global mismatch could be reversed, however, by placing new marine reserves in areas sufficiently remote to minimize social and economic costs but sufficiently connected through sea currents to seed the most exploited fisheries and endangered ecosystems.

Environmental and developmental origins of ovarian reserve.

PubMed

Richardson, M C; Guo, M; Fauser, B C J M; Macklon, N S

2014-01-01

BACKGROUND Oocyte number is established early in life before a gradual loss of this ovarian reserve during reproductive life until oocyte availability becomes limiting at the menopause. Although there is a large genetic component to the ovarian reserve achieved before birth, other influences including the maternal endocrine and nutritional milieu, and environmental factors may represent important developmental determinants. Environmental and nutritional factors may also modify the downward trajectory of ovarian reserve in adult life. The combination of these early and later life influences has the potential to lead to diminished ovarian reserve, compromising fertility in later reproductive years and altering age at natural menopause. METHODS Literature searches of the ISI Web of Knowledge database were carried out using the main terms 'ovarian reserve' and 'menopause AND age' in conjunction with a range of other terms encompassing a variety of factors with potential effects on ovarian reserve. The various searches were inspected manually and the relevant papers selected for critical analysis and interpretation. RESULTS Evidence was identified supporting the view that elevated prenatal androgens have an adverse effect on the early establishment of ovarian reserve, although the implications for ovarian reserve in the polycystic ovary syndrome (which may also be programmed through prenatal androgen exposure) remain uncertain. Recent evidence is cited suggesting that effects of maternal nutrient restriction on ovarian reserve may also involve changes in prenatal androgen exposure. A general rationale is developed through examination of evidence which emphasizes the roles of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and the estrogen receptor (ER) systems in ovarian reserve modulation. Because of their similarity to the natural ligands, many environmental compounds have the ability to bind to these receptors (albeit at lower affinities) and thereby have the potential to influence either the initial setting of ovarian reserve during development or the trajectory of ovarian reserve during adult life. For example, exposure to compounds in cigarette smoke may accelerate loss of ovarian reserve in smokers leading to diminished ovarian reserve, earlier age at last child and earlier menopause. Socioenocomic factors are clearly associated with age at natural menopause, with correlations with economic status and education level. However, such effects in western societies are in general small, and the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to many environmental compounds, particularly to those that leach from plastics and other synthetic materials, is commonplace in modern societies to the extent that many are found at measurable concentrations in body fluids within most of the population. Relating fluid levels of individual compounds to parameters reflecting ovarian reserve in selected populations appears to be an effective way forward and, indeed, some early-stage findings do show some cause for concern. There is a pressing need for the development of practical advice enabling women to minimize their intake of AHR/ER ligands, perhaps through dietary/cosmetic choices or improved food packaging.

U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves

EIA Publications

2016-01-01

U.S. oil and natural gas proved reserves declined in 2015 due to lower prices. U.S. crude oil and lease condensate proved reserves declined 4.7 billion barrels (11.8%) from their year-end 2014 level to 35.2 billion barrels at year-end 2015, according to U.S. Crude Oil and Natural Gas Proved Reserves, Year-end 2015, released today by the U.S. Energy Information Administration. U.S natural gas proved reserves decreased 64.5 trillion cubic feet, a 16.6% decline, reducing the U.S. total to 324.3 Tcf at year-end 2015.

Civilian Health and Medical Program of the Uniformed Services (CHAMPUS); TRICARE Reserve Select for certain members of the selected reserve; Transitional Assistance Management Program; early eligibility for TRICARE for certain reserve component members. Interim final rule with comment period.

PubMed

2005-03-16

This interim final rule establishes requirements and procedures for implementation of TRICARE Reserve Select. It also revises requirements and procedures for the Transitional Assistance Management Program. In addition, it establishes requirements and procedures for implementation of the earlier TRICARE eligibility for certain reserve component members. The rule is being published as an interim final rule with comment period in order to comply with statutory effective dates.

50 CFR 32.72 - Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... regulations. Guam National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Anglers may fish and collect marine life on...

50 CFR 32.72 - Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... regulations. Guam National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Anglers may fish and collect marine life on...

50 CFR 32.72 - Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... regulations. Guam National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Anglers may fish and collect marine life on...

23 CFR 1.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.8 Section 1.8 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL § 1.8 [Reserved] ...

23 CFR 1.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.8 Section 1.8 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL § 1.8 [Reserved] ...

23 CFR 1.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.8 Section 1.8 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL § 1.8 [Reserved] ...

23 CFR 1.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false [Reserved] 1.8 Section 1.8 Highways FEDERAL HIGHWAY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION GENERAL MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION GENERAL § 1.8 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 410.02 - Monitoring requirements. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Monitoring requirements. [Reserved] 410.02 Section 410.02 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT... requirements. [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 71.16 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 71.16 Section 71.16 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Exemptions § 71.16 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 20.1205 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 20.1205 Section 20.1205 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Occupational Dose Limits § 20.1205 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 20.1205 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 20.1205 Section 20.1205 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Occupational Dose Limits § 20.1205 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 20.1205 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 20.1205 Section 20.1205 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Occupational Dose Limits § 20.1205 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 20.1205 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 20.1205 Section 20.1205 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Occupational Dose Limits § 20.1205 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 20.1205 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 20.1205 Section 20.1205 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STANDARDS FOR PROTECTION AGAINST RADIATION Occupational Dose Limits § 20.1205 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.404 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.404 Section 835.404 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Monitoring of Individuals and Areas § 835.404 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.404 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.404 Section 835.404 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Monitoring of Individuals and Areas § 835.404 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.404 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.404 Section 835.404 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Monitoring of Individuals and Areas § 835.404 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.404 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.404 Section 835.404 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Monitoring of Individuals and Areas § 835.404 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.404 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.404 Section 835.404 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Monitoring of Individuals and Areas § 835.404 [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 308.4 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false [Reserved] 308.4 Section 308.4 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE General § 308.4 [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 308.4 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false [Reserved] 308.4 Section 308.4 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE General § 308.4 [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 308.4 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 308.4 Section 308.4 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE General § 308.4 [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 308.4 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false [Reserved] 308.4 Section 308.4 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE General § 308.4 [Reserved] ...

46 CFR 308.4 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 308.4 Section 308.4 Shipping MARITIME ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION EMERGENCY OPERATIONS WAR RISK INSURANCE General § 308.4 [Reserved] ...

50 CFR 32.72 - Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... regulations. Guam National Wildlife Refuge A. Migratory Game Bird Hunting. [Reserved] B. Upland Game Hunting. [Reserved] C. Big Game Hunting. [Reserved] D. Sport Fishing. Anglers may fish and collect marine life on...

17 CFR 3.3 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 [Reserved] ...

17 CFR 3.3 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 17 Commodity and Securities Exchanges 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 3.3 Section 3.3 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING COMMISSION REGISTRATION Registration § 3.3 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.201 Section 835.201 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Standards for Internal and External Exposure § 835.201 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 429.12 - Monitoring requirements. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Monitoring requirements. [Reserved] 429.12 Section 429.12 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT... Monitoring requirements. [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 71.18 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 71.18 Section 71.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL General Licenses § 71.18 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 1.38 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1.38 Section 1.38 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Staff Offices § 1.38 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 1.26 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1.26 Section 1.26 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Commission Staff § 1.26 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 1.40 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1.40 Section 1.40 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Staff Offices § 1.40 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.201 Section 835.201 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Standards for Internal and External Exposure § 835.201 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.201 Section 835.201 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Standards for Internal and External Exposure § 835.201 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.201 Section 835.201 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Standards for Internal and External Exposure § 835.201 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 835.201 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 835.201 Section 835.201 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY OCCUPATIONAL RADIATION PROTECTION Standards for Internal and External Exposure § 835.201 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 501.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 501.8 Section 501.8 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ALTERNATE FUELS ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS General Provisions § 501.8 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 501.8 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 4 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 501.8 Section 501.8 Energy DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (CONTINUED) ALTERNATE FUELS ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS General Provisions § 501.8 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10644 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10644 Section 49.10644 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.11104 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.11104 Section 49.11104 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.11044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.11044 Section 49.11044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10044 Section 49.10044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10314 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10314 Section 49.10314 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10764 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10764 Section 49.10764 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10044 Section 49.10044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.11044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.11044 Section 49.11044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10924 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10924 Section 49.10924 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.11044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.11044 Section 49.11044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10494 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10494 Section 49.10494 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10044 Section 49.10044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10164 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10164 Section 49.10164 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10164 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10164 Section 49.10164 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10854 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10854 Section 49.10854 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10314 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10314 Section 49.10314 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10434 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10434 Section 49.10434 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.11074 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.11074 Section 49.11074 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10344 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10344 Section 49.10344 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10314 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10314 Section 49.10314 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10644 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10644 Section 49.10644 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10044 Section 49.10044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10374 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10374 Section 49.10374 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10644 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10644 Section 49.10644 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10194 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10194 Section 49.10194 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10164 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10164 Section 49.10164 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.11044 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.11044 Section 49.11044 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10164 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10164 Section 49.10164 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10284 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10284 Section 49.10284 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10314 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10314 Section 49.10314 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10704 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10704 Section 49.10704 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10644 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10644 Section 49.10644 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

20 CFR 625.20 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false [Reserved] 625.20 Section 625.20 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DISASTER UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE § 625.20 [Reserved] ...

20 CFR 625.20 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false [Reserved] 625.20 Section 625.20 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT AND TRAINING ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR DISASTER UNEMPLOYMENT ASSISTANCE § 625.20 [Reserved] ...

76 FR 2409 - Proclaiming Certain Lands, Lot 32 Acquisition, as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-13

..., as an Addition to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan..., more or less, to be added to the Bay Mills Indian Reservation for the Bay Mills Indian Community of... Mills Indian Reservation and part of the Bay Mills Indian Community of Michigan for the exclusive use of...

Selecting compact habitat reserves for species with differential habitat size needs

Treesearch

Vladimir Marianov; Charles ReVelle; Stephanie Snyder

2008-01-01

We propose a model for the design of protected habitat reserves, which maximizes the number of species represented at least once in a limited set of reserved sites or parcels. Most models for reserve design do not differentiate eligible habitat sites by their size. Also, they assume that protection is guaranteed through the selection of one site for any species, not...

26 CFR 1.861-8 - Computation of taxable income from sources within the United States and from other sources and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... income. [Reserved]. For guidance, see § 1.861-8T(c)(1). (2) Apportionment based on assets. [Reserved.... [Reserved]. For guidance, see § 1.861-8T(d)(2). (e) Allocation and apportionment of certain deductions—(1... section. (2) Interest. [Reserved]. For guidance, see § 1.861-8T(e)(2). (3) Research and experimental...

75 FR 41237 - Public Land Order No. 7745; Partial Revocation of Power Site Reserve Nos. 510 and No. 515; Montana

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-15

... MTM 41534] Public Land Order No. 7745; Partial Revocation of Power Site Reserve Nos. 510 and No. 515... of public lands withdrawn for Power Site Reserve Nos. 510 and 515. This order also opens the lands to... INFORMATION: The Bureau of Land Management has determined that portions of Power Site Reserve Nos. 510 and 515...

Air National Guard Financial Reports on the National Guard and Reserve Equipment Appropriation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-12-16

consolidated financial statements for FY 1996 and each succeeding year. In 1981, Congress established the National Guard and Reserve Equipment Appropriation to provide the equipment needed to maintain the readiness of the National Guard and Reserve units. In FY 1996, the Air National Guard received a total of $260.4 million for National Guard and Reserve Equipment programs, The Defense Finance

Insurance Reserves: Strategies for Regulating the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program. Report to the Chairman, Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, House of Representatives.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

General Accounting Office, Washington, DC. Div. of Human Resources.

In 1985, the Federal Employees Health Benefits Program (FEHBP) reserves had accumulated over $2 billion in reserve surplus, precipitating the program's first refund. Concerned about FEHBP reserve practices, the chairman of the House Committee on Post Office and Civil Service, United States Congress, asked the General Accounting Office (GAO) to…

75 FR 39579 - Notice of National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2010 and Notice of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-09

... Petroleum Reserve-Alaska Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2010 and Notice of Availability of the Detailed Statement of Sale for Oil and Gas Lease Sale 2010 in the National Petroleum Reserve-- Alaska AGENCY: Bureau of Land... notifies the public it will hold a National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska oil and gas lease sale bid opening for...

Combined guaranteed throughput and best effort network-on-chip

DOEpatents

Chen, Gregory K.; Anders, Mark A.; Kaul, Himanshu; Krishnamurthy, Ram K.; Stillmaker, Aaron T.

2018-05-22

A first packet-switched reservation request is received. Data associated with the first packet-switched reservation request is communicated through a first circuit-switched channel according to a best effort communication scheme. A second packet-switched reservation request is received. Data associated with the second packet-switched reservation request is communicated through a second circuit-switched channel according to a guaranteed throughput communication scheme.

5 CFR Appendix A to Subpart F of... - Recommended Language for Court Orders Dividing Employee Annuities

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... directing OPM to pay the former spouse. ¶ 102-110 [Reserved] ¶ 111Protecting a former spouse entitled to...-210 [Reserved] ¶ 211Award based on a stated formula. ¶ 212-230 [Reserved] ¶ 231Awarding COLA's on... of annuity. ¶ 301Awards based on benefits actually paid. ¶ 302-310 [Reserved] ¶ 311Awards of earned...

Region 9 Tribal Lands

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Dataset of all Indian Reservations in US EPA Region 9 (California, Arizona and Nevada) with some reservation border areas of adjacent states included (adjacent areas of Colorado, New Mexico and Utah). Reservation boundaries are compiled from multiple sources and are derived from several different source scales. Information such as reservation type, primary tribe name are included with the feature dataset. Public Domain Allotments are not included in this data set.

Effects of sex change on the implications of marine reserves for fisheries.

PubMed

Chan, Neil C S; Connolly, Sean R; Mapstone, Bruce D

2012-04-01

Marine reserves have become widely used in biodiversity conservation and are increasingly proposed as fisheries management tools. Previous modeling studies have found that reserves may increase or decrease yields, depending on local environmental conditions and on the specific life-history traits of the fishery species. Sex-changing (female-to-male) fish are targets of some of the most important commercial and recreational fisheries in the world. The potential for disproportionate removal of the larger, older sex of such species requires new theory to facilitate our understanding of how reserves will affect the yields of surrounding fisheries, relative to fishes with separate sexes. We investigated this question by modeling the effects of marine reserves on a non-sex-changing and a sex-changing population. We used demographic parameter estimates for the common coral trout as a baseline, and we conducted extensive sensitivity analyses to determine how sustainable yields of sex-changing species are likely to be affected by reserves across a broad range of life-history parameters. Our findings indicate that fisheries for sex-changing species are unlikely to receive the same yield-enhancing benefit that non-sex-changing fisheries enjoy from marine reserves, and that often reserves tend to reduce sustainable yields for a given overall population size. Specifically, the increased egg production and high fertilization success within reserves is more than offset by the reduced egg production and fertilization success in the fished areas, relative to a system in which fishing mortality is distributed more evenly over the entire system. A key reason for this appears to be that fertilization success is reduced, on average, when males are unevenly distributed among subpopulations, as is the case when reserves are present. These findings suggests that, for sex-changing populations, reserves are more suited to rebuilding overfished populations and sustaining fishery viability, rather than enhancing fishery yields. These results are robust over a range of sex-change regimes, stock-recruitment relationships, adult mortality rates, individual growth strategies, and fertilization-success functions. Our findings highlight the importance of considering the different contributions of males and females to population growth and fishery yields when evaluating the efficacy of marine reserves for enhancement of fished species.

Social interactions and resource ownership in two private protected areas of Paraguay.

PubMed

Quintana, Jesus; Morse, Stephen

2005-10-01

This paper describes the results of field research to dissect how social interactions differ between two reserves in Paraguay having very different styles of governance. The two reserves were Mbaracayú Natural Forest Reserve (Reserva Natural del Bosque de Mbaracayú, RNBM) and San Rafael Managed Resource Reserve (Reserva de Recursos Manejados San Rafael, RRMSR). RNBM is a private reserve owned by a non-governmental organisation, while RRMSR is a publicly-managed reserve, albeit with a substantial degree of private land ownership. Both reserves are intended to protect Atlantic Forest, one of the five world biodiversity 'hotspots', and also one of the most highly threatened. Each reserve and its buffer zone comprises a set of stakeholders, including indigenous communities and farmers, and the paper explores the interactions between these and the management regime. Indeed, while the management regimes of the two reserves are different, one being highly top-down (RNBM) and the other more socially inclusive (RRMSR), the issues that they have to deal with are much the same. However, while both management regimes will readily acknowledge the need to address poverty, inequality appears to be a far more sensitive issue. Whereas this may be expected for the privately-owned RNBM it is perhaps more surprising in RRMSR even when allowing for the fact that much of the land in the latter is in private hands. It is argued that the origins of this sensitivity rest within the broader features of Paraguayan society, and the prevalence of private land ownership. Yet ironically, it is the inequality in land ownership that is perhaps the most significant threat to conservation in both reserves. Therefore, while reserve-level analyses can provide some insight into the driving forces at play in the interaction between conservation and sustainable management, larger scales may be necessary to gain a fuller appreciation of the dynamics operating at site level. Even in a society with a history of centralised control these dynamics may be surprising.

48 CFR 46.701 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 46.701 Section 46.701 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACT MANAGEMENT QUALITY ASSURANCE Warranties 46.701 [Reserved] ...

47 CFR 27.59 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.59 Section 27.59 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Technical Standards § 27.59 [Reserved] ...

47 CFR 27.59 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false [Reserved] 27.59 Section 27.59 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Technical Standards § 27.59 [Reserved] ...

7 CFR 1709.202 Policy. - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false [Reserved] 1709.202 Policy. Section 1709.202 Policy. Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Policy. [Reserved] ...

7 CFR 1709.202 Policy. - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false [Reserved] 1709.202 Policy. Section 1709.202 Policy. Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Policy. [Reserved] ...

7 CFR 1709.202 Policy. - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 11 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 1709.202 Policy. Section 1709.202 Policy. Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF... Policy. [Reserved] ...

5 CFR 330.603 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 330.603 Section 330.603 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, AND... Employees § 330.603 [Reserved] ...

5 CFR 330.610 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 5 Administrative Personnel 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 330.610 Section 330.610 Administrative Personnel OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT CIVIL SERVICE REGULATIONS RECRUITMENT, SELECTION, AND... Employees § 330.610 [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 78.7 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 78.7 Section 78.7 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) APPEAL PROCEDURES § 78.7 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 71.57 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 71.57 Section 71.57 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Package Approval Standards § 71.57 [Reserved] ...

10 CFR 71.53 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false [Reserved] 71.53 Section 71.53 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) PACKAGING AND TRANSPORTATION OF RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL Package Approval Standards § 71.53 [Reserved] ...

22 CFR 120.35 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 120.35 Section 120.35 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.35 [Reserved] ...

22 CFR 120.35 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 120.35 Section 120.35 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.35 [Reserved] ...

22 CFR 120.33 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 120.33 Section 120.33 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.33 [Reserved] ...

22 CFR 120.33 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 120.33 Section 120.33 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.33 [Reserved] ...

22 CFR 120.38 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false [Reserved] 120.38 Section 120.38 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.38 [Reserved] ...

22 CFR 120.38 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 22 Foreign Relations 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false [Reserved] 120.38 Section 120.38 Foreign Relations DEPARTMENT OF STATE INTERNATIONAL TRAFFIC IN ARMS REGULATIONS PURPOSE AND DEFINITIONS § 120.38 [Reserved] ...

View westsouthwest of marine railway at reserve basin of Philadelphia ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View west-southwest of marine railway at reserve basin of Philadelphia Naval Shipyard. - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Reserve Basin & Marine Railway, League Island, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

40 CFR 49.9894 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.9894 Section 49.9894 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.9954 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.9954 Section 49.9954 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.9894 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.9894 Section 49.9894 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER FEDERAL... surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10554 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10554 Section 49.10554 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... Source surveillance. [Reserved] ...

40 CFR 49.10524 - Source surveillance. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Source surveillance. [Reserved] 49.10524 Section 49.10524 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY GRANTS AND OTHER... Source surveillance. [Reserved] ...